DT024/4

Structural Analysis IV

13029 CBEH 4132

Fixed-End Moments
Loading MA Configuration
P MA A L/2
w A L B

MB
MB

PL + 8

L/2

PL 8

wL2 + 12

MA

MB

wL2 12

Pab L2

MA A a L b B

MB

Pa 2b L2

3PL + 16

MA A L/2
w A L B

L/2

wL2 + 8

MA

Pab ( 2 L a ) 2 L2

MA A a L b B
-

Displacements MA Configuration
MA A L
MA A L B

MB
MB B

6EI L2

6EI L2

3EI + 2 L

Exam Handout

DIT Bolton St

Dr. C. Caprani

DT024/4

Structural Analysis IV

13029 CBEH 4132

Displacements
Configuration Translations Rotations

w C L P

C =

5wL4 384 EI

A = B =

wL3 24 EI

A L/2 P A a

B L/2

C =

PL3 48 EI

A = B =

PL2 16 EI

C L

B b

PL3 C 48EI

3 = ( 2L a ) 3a a A 6 LEI 4 L = Pa L2 a 2 L B ( )

Pa ( L a )

6 LEI

A aL

C L
w

A = ( 3a 2 6a + 2 ) ML2 6 EI C = a (1 a )(1 2a ) ML 3EI B = ( 3a 2 1)

ML 6 EI

L P

B =

wL4 8EI

B =

wL3 6 EI

PL3 B = 3EI

PL2 B = 2 EI

B =

ML2 2 EI

B =

ML EI

Exam Handout

DIT Bolton St

Dr. C. Caprani

DT024/4

Structural Analysis IV

CBEH 4132

Matrix Stiffness Analysis

Truss Element Stiffness Matrix

K11 K12 K ij = K 21 K 22
cos 2 K11 = cos sin cos sin sin 2

K11 = K 22 = K12 = K 21
Member Force
EA Pij = [ cos L ij jx ix sin ] jy iy

Frame Element Stiffness Matrix

K11 K12 K ij = K 21 K 22
EA 0 L 12 EI K11 = 0 L3 6 EI 0 L2 0 6 EI L2 4 EI L
EA L K 22 = 0 0

EA 0 L 12 EI K12 = K 21 = 0 3 L 6 EI 0 2 L
0 12 EI L3 6 EI 2 L 6 EI 2 L 4 EI L 0

0 6 EI L2 2 EI L

Frame Element Transformation Matrix

cos T = sin 0 sin cos 0 0 0 1

Exam Handout

DIT Bolton St

Dr C. Caprani

DT024/4

Structural Analysis IV

CBEH 4132

Virtual Work
Volume Integrals
j l
k l
k l

j l

j1 l

j2 l

1 jkl 3 1 jkl 6
k2

1 jkl 6 1 jkl 3 1 j ( 2k1 + k2 ) l 6 1 jkl 2 1 jk ( l + b ) 6 1 jkl 4 5 jkl 12 1 jkl 12 1 jkl 4 1 jkl 3

1 ( j1 + 2 j2 ) kl 6 1 ( 2 j1 + j2 ) kl 6 1 j1 ( 2k1 + k2 ) + 6 j2 ( k1 + 2k2 ) l 1 ( j1 + j2 ) kl 2 1 j1 ( l + b ) + 6 j2 ( l + a ) k 1 ( 3 j1 + 5 j2 ) kl 12 1 ( 5 j1 + 3 j2 ) kl 12 1 ( j1 + 3 j2 ) kl 12 1 ( 3 j1 + j2 ) kl 12 1 ( j1 + j2 ) kl 3

1 jkl 2 1 jkl 2 1 j ( k1 + k2 ) l 2
jkl

k1 l

1 j ( k1 + 2k2 ) l 6 1 jkl 2 1 jk ( l + a ) 6 5 jkl 12 1 jkl 4 1 jkl 4 1 jkl 12 1 jkl 3

k l

1 jkl 2 2 jkl 3 2 jkl 3 1 jkl 3 1 jkl 3 2 jkl 3

l
k l

k l

Exam Handout

k
k

DIT Bolton St

Dr C. Caprani

DT024

Structural Analysis IV

CBEH 4132

Structural Dynamics
SDOF Systems Fundamental equation of motion Equation of motion for free vibration Relationship between frequency, circular frequency, period, stiffness and mass: Fundamental frequency for an SDOF system. Coefficient of damping Circular frequency Damping ratio Critical value of damping
f =

&& & mu (t ) + cu (t ) + ku (t ) = F (t )
&& & u (t ) + 2 u (t ) + 2u (t ) = 0
1 1 = = T 2 2 k m

2 =

c m

2 =
=

k m

c ccr

ccr = 2m = 2 km u (t ) = cos ( t + )

General solution for free-undamped vibration

& & u u = u + 0 ; tan = 0 u0

2 2 0

d = 1 2
Damped circular frequency, period and frequency

Td =

; fd =

d 2

u (t ) = e t cos ( d t + )

General solution for free-damped vibrations

u + u0 & = u + 0 ; d
2 0

tan =

& u0 u0 u0 d

Logarithmic decrement of damping Half-amplitude method

= ln

un = 2m un + m d

0.11 when un + m = 0.5un m

Exam Handout

DIT Bolton St

Dr C. Caprani

DT024

Structural Analysis IV u = n +1 un un
p

CBEH 4132

Amplitude after p-cycles Equation of motion for forced response (sinusoidal)

un + p

&& & mu (t ) + cu (t ) + ku (t ) = F0 sin t

u p ( t ) = sin ( t )

General solution for forced-damped vibration response and frequency ratio

F0 1 2 k

2 + ( 2 )

1 2

tan =

2 = 2 1

Dynamic amplification factor (DAF)

DAF D = 1 2

) + ( 2 )
2 2

1 2

Undamped free-vibration response

General case of an under-critically damped system.

Exam Handout

DIT Bolton St

Dr C. Caprani