ArTificial Intelligence: Lecture 1

Artificial Intelligence: Lecture1

What is Knowledge?
 Knowledge is a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject or a domain.
 Knowledge is the sum of what is currently Known

What is Intelligence?
 Someone’s intelligence is their ability to understand and learn things.

 Intelligence is the ability to think and understand instead of doing things by instinct or automatically.

Ø It gives some flexibility. It does not specify whether it is someone or something that has the ability to think
and understand.

What is Thinking?
 Thinking is the activity of using your brain to consider a problem or to create an idea.
 In order to think, someone or something has to have a brain – an organ that enables someone or something to learn and
understand things, to solve problems and to make decisions.
Then Intelligence?
 So we can now define Intelligence, is the ability to learn and understand, to solve problems and to make decisions.

Intelligence Machine?

 So, a machine is thought intelligent if it can achieve human-level performance in some situations.
 To build an intelligent machine, we have to capture, organize and use human expert knowledge in some problem area.

Views of AI fall into four following groups:

1. Thinking Humanly.
2. Acting Humanly.
3. Thinking Rationally.
4. Acting Rationally.

**What is AI?
Thinking Humanly:( The cognitive Modeling Approach)
 A given program must have some way of determining how human thinks. We need to get inside the actual working of
human minds. There are two ways to do this –
• Through introspection
Trying to catch our own thoughts as they go by.
• Through psychological experiments
A child’s cognitive development.

Acting Humanly (The Turing Test Approach)

Intelligent machines must possess the following capabilities –
• Natural Language processing
• Knowledge representation
• Automated reasoning
• Machine learning
To pass the total Turing test, the intelligent machine will need-
• Computer vision to perceive objects
• Robotics to manipulate objects and move about

Thinking Rationally (The laws of thought approach)

 Syllogisms
Socrates is a man;
All men are mortal
Therefore Socrates is mortal.
 Logic
These laws of thought were supposed to govern the operation of mind.
Their study initiated the field called Logic

Acting Rationally(The rational agent approach)

Rational behavior: doing the right thing

paul.pronabananda@gmail.com/hotmail.com/yahoo.com NSU ID# 073764050

 ArTificial Intelligence: Lecture 1
The right thing: that which is expected to maximize goal achievement, given the available information.

paul.pronabananda@gmail.com/hotmail.com/yahoo.com NSU ID# 073764050