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    JSP is a text based document capable of returning either static or dynamic content to a client's browser. Static content are HTML, XML and Text etc. Dynamic content are java code, displaying properties of JavaBeans and invoking business logic defined in custom tags.

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    JSP is a text based document capable of returning either static or dynamic content to a client's browser. Static content are HTML, XML and Text etc. Dynamic content are java code, displaying properties of JavaBeans and invoking business logic defined in custom tags.

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    Lecture 34

    Uploaded by

    api-3729920
    JSP is a text based document capable of returning either static or dynamic content to a client's browser. Static content are HTML, XML and Text etc. Dynamic content are java code, displaying properties of JavaBeans and invoking business logic defined in custom tags.

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    of 10

    Handout 34

    Web Design & Development CS-506

    Lecture 34
    JavaServer Pages
    As we concluded in our discussion on JSP, JSP is a text based document capable of
    returning either static or dynamic content to a client’s browser. Static content and
    dynamic content can be intermixed. The examples of static content are HTML, XML &
    Text etc. Java code, displaying properties of JavaBeans and invoking business logic
    defined in custom tags are all examples of dynamic content.

    First run of a JSP


    Figure below shows what phases a JSP passed through before displaying result.

    The web browser makes a request to JSP source code. This code is bifurcated into HTML
    and java code by the JSP parser. The java source code is compiled by the Java compiler
    resulting in producing a servlet equivalent code of a JSP. The servlet code is intermixed
    with HTML and displayed to the user. It is important to note that a JSP only passes
    through all these phases when it is invoked for the first time or when the changes have
    been made to JSP. Any later call to JSP does not undergo of compilation phase.

    Benefits of JSP
    Convenient
    ƒ We already know java and HTML. So nothing new to be learned to work with
    JSP.
    ƒ Like servlets (as seen, ultimately a JSP gets converted into a servlet), provides an
    extensive infrastructure for
    - Tracking sessions
    - Reading and sending HTML headers
    - Parsing and decoding HTML form data

    - 424 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    Efficient
    Every request for a JSP is handled by a simple JSP java thread as JSP gets converted into
    a servlet. Hence, the time to execute a JSP document is not dominated by starting a
    process.

    Portable
    Like Servlets, JSP is also a specification and follows a well standardized API. The JVM
    which is used to execute a JSP file is supported on many architectures and operating
    systems.

    Inexpensive
    There are number of free or inexpensive Web Servers that are good for commercial
    quality websites.

    JSP vs. Servlet


    Let’s compare JSP and Servlet technology by taking an example that simply plays current
    date.

    First have a look on JSP that is displaying a current date. This page more looks like a
    HTML page except of two strangely written lines of codes. Also there are no signs of
    doGet(), doPost().

    <%@ page import=“java.util.*” %>

    <html>
    <body>
    <h3>
    Current Date is:<%= new Date()%>
    </h3>
    </body>
    </html>

    - 425 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    Now, compare the JSP code above with the Servlet code given below that is also
    displaying the current date.

    //File: SearchPersonServlet.java

    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.*;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;

    import java.util.*;

    public class SearchPersonServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request,


    HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException, IOException {
    response.setContentType("text/html");
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

    out.println(
    “<html>” +
    “<body>” +
    “<h3>” +
    “Current Date is:“ + new Date() +
    “</h3>” +
    “</body>” +
    “</html>”
    );

    out.close();
    }

    // Handles the HTTP GET method.


    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException, IOException {
    processRequest(request, response);
    }

    // Handles the HTTP POST method.


    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException, IOException {
    processRequest(request, response);
    }
    }

    Clearly, a lot of code is needed to be written in the case of servlet example to perform a
    basic job.

    - 426 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    JSP Ingredients
    Besides HTML, a JSP may contain the following elements.

    ƒ Directive Elements
    – Provides global control of JSP ……..…………….. <%@ %>

    ƒ Scripting Elements
    – JSP comments ……………………………………... <%-- --%>

    – declarations ……………………………………... <%! %>


    • Used to declare instance variables & methods
    – expressions ……………………………………... <%= %>
    • A java code fragment which returns String

    – scriptlets ……………………………………... <% %>


    • Blocks of java code

    ƒ Action Elements
    – Special JSP tags ……..…………………………….. <jsp: .…. />

    We’ll discuss in detail all the ingredients of JSP. This handout will cover only scripting
    elements, remaining ones will be discussed in next handouts.

    Scripting Elements
    Comments

    Comments are ignored by JSP-to-servlet translator. Two types of comments are possibly
    used in JSP.

    – HTML comment:
    These comments are shown in browser, means on taking view source of the web
    page; these sorts of comments can be read. Format of HTML comments is like to:
    <!-- comment text-->

    – JSP comment:
    These comments are not displayed in browser and have format like:
    <%-- comment text --%>

    - 427 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    Expressions

    The format of writing a Java expression is: <%= Java expression %>

    These expressions are evaluated, after converted to strings placed into HTML page at the
    place it occurred in JSP page

    Examples of writing Expressions are:


    – <h2> Time: <%= new java.util.Date() %> </h2>
    will print current data & time after converting it to String

    – <h2> Welcome: <%= request.getParameter(“name”)%> </h2>


    will print the name attribute

    Scriptlets

    The format of writing a scriptlet is: <%= Java code %>

    After opening up the scriptlet tag, any kind of java code can be written inside it. This
    code is inserted verbatim into corresponding servlet.

    Example of writing a scriptlet is:


    – <%
    String n = request.getParameter(“name”);
    out.println(“welcome ” + n);
    %>

    The above scriptlet reads the name attribute and prints it after appending
    “welcome”

    - 428 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    Declarations

    The format of writing a declaration tag is: <%! Java code %>

    This tag is used to declare variables and methods at class level. The code written inside
    this tag is inserted verbatim into servlet’s class definition.

    Example of declaring a class level (attribute) variable is:


    – <%!
    private int someField = 5; %>
    %>

    Example of declaring a class level method is:


    – <%!
    public void someMethod ( …… ) {
    …………….
    }
    %>

    Code Example: Using scripting elements

    The next example code consists on two JSP pages namely first.jsp and
    second.jsp. The user will enter two numbers on the first.jsp and after pressing
    the calculate sum button, able to see the sum of entered numbers on second.jsp

    first.jsp
    This page only displays the two text fields to enter numbers along with a button.
    <html>
    <body>

    <h2>Enter two numbers to see their sum</h1>

    <!—the form values will be posted to second.jsp -->


    <form name = "myForm" action="second.jsp" >

    <h3> First Number </h3>


    <input type="text" name="num1" />

    <h3> Second Number </h3>


    <input type="text" name="num2" />
    <br/><br/>

    <input type="submit" value="Calculate Sum" />


    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

    - 429 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    second.jsp
    This page retrieves the values posted by first.jsp. After converting the numbers into
    integers, displays their sum.

    <html>
    <body>

    <!-- JSP to sum two numbers -->

    <%-- Declaration--%>
    <%!
    // declaring a variable to store sum
    int res;

    // method helps in calculating the sum


    public int sum(int op1, int op2) {
    return op1 + op2;
    }
    %>

    <%-- Scripltet--%>
    <%
    String op1 = request.getParameter("num1");
    String op2 = request.getParameter("num2");

    int firstNum = Integer.parseInt(op1);


    int secondNum = Integer.parseInt(op2);

    // calling method sum(), declared above in declartion tag


    res = sum(firstNum, secondNum);
    %>

    <%-- expression used to display sum --%>


    <h3>Sum is: <%=res%> </h3>

    </body>
    </html>

    - 430 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    Writing JSP scripting Elements in XML


    Now days, the preferred way for composing a JSP pages is using XML. Although writing
    JSP pages in old style is still heavily used as we had shown you in the last example.
    Equivalent XML tags for writing scripting elements are given below:

    ƒ Comments: No equivalent tag is defined

    ƒ Declaration: <jsp:declartion> </jsp:declaration>

    ƒ Expression: <jsp:expression> </jsp:expression>

    ƒ Scriptlet: <jsp:scriptlet> </jsp:scriptlet>

    It’s important to note that every opening tag also have a closing tag too.

    The second.jsp of last example is given below in XML style.

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    <jsp:root xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page" version="2.0">

    <!-- to change the content type or response encoding change the


    following line
    -->

    <jsp:directive.page contentType="text/xml;charset=UTF-8"/>

    <!-- any content can be specified here, e.g.: -->


    <jsp:element name="text">
    <jsp:body>

    <jsp:declaration>

    int res;

    public int sum(int op1, int op2) {


    return op1 + op2;
    }

    </jsp:declaration>

    <jsp:scriptlet>
    String op1 = request.getParameter("num1");
    String op2 = request.getParameter("num2");

    int firstNum = Integer.parseInt(op1);


    int secondNum = Integer.parseInt(op2);

    res = sum(firstNum, secondNum);


    </jsp:scriptlet>

    - 431 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    <jsp:text> Sum is: </jsp:text>


    <jsp:expression> res </jsp:expression>

    </jsp:body>
    </jsp:element>
    </jsp:root>

    - 432 -
    Handout 34
    Web Design & Development CS-506

    References:

    ƒ Java A Lab Course by Umair Javed

    ƒ Core Servlets and JSP by Marty Hall

    - 433 -

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