Bone marrow = the soft bone marrow, which is found inside many bones, makes most of the red

and white blood cells and platelets. Cancellous (spongy) bone = this type of bone is located inside the compact bone. It looks like a sponge, with bone marrow filling its spaces. It is Made up of a mesh-like network of tiny pieces of bone called trabeculae. Compact (hard) bone = this type of bone is strong, solid, and whitish in color. It makes up the hard, outside portion of a bone, look like ivory and is extremely strong. Holes and channels run through it, carrying blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum, the bones membrane covering, to its inner parts Periosteum = on the surface of the bone, this thin, dense membrane contains nerve and blood vessels that help nourish bone tissue The human skeleton has 206 bones, which begin to develop before birth. Ossification = when the cartilage is replaced by hard deposits of calcium phosphate and stretchy collagen, the two main components of bone. Bone contains three types of cells: osteocytes; which carry nutrients and waste products to and from blood vessels in the bone, and ossteoclasts which break down bone and help to sculpt and shape it. Cartilage = flexible, rubbery at the ends of bones, cushions and projects the bones where they meet and rub against each other in a joint. Muscle = provide the tug on the bones needed to bend , straighten, and support joints. Muscles can pull on bones, but they cant push them back to their original position, so the muscles work in pairs of flexors and extensors. Muscles get their signals to contract and relax from the brain. Extensor = relaxes and stretches as the flexor muscle contracts to bend the joint. Ligament = long, fibrous straps that fasten bones together Tendon = bands at fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone Hinge = engsel Hip = peluru Pivot = pelana
Ball-and-socket = peluru

Disease
Arthritis. Arthritis is the inflammation of a joint, and people who have it experience swelling, warmth, pain, and often have trouble moving

Fracture. A fracture occurs when a bone breaks; it may crack, snap, or shatter. After a fracture, new bone cells fill the gap and repair the break Muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is an inherited group of diseases that affect the muscles, causing them to weaken and break down over time. Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). Osgood-Schlatter disease is an inflammation (pain and swelling) of the bone, cartilage, and/or tendon at the top of the shinbone, where the tendon from the kneecap attaches. Osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is a bone infection often caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, though other types of bacteria can cause it, too Osteoporosis. In osteoporosis, bone tissue becomes brittle, thin, and spongy. Bones break easily, and the spine sometimes begins to crumble and collapse. Although the condition usually affects older people, kids and teens with eating disorders can get the condition, as can girls with female athlete triad a combination of three conditions that some girls who exercise or play sports may be at risk for: disordered eating, amenorrhea (loss of a girl's period), and osteoporosis. Participation in sports where a thin appearance is valued can put a girl at risk for female athlete triad. Scoliosis. Every person's spine curves a little bit; a certain amount of curvature is necessary for people to move and walk properly. But 3-5 people out of 1,000 have scoliosis, which causes the spine to curve too much. It can be hereditary, so someone who has scoliosis often has family members who have it.

Cerebrum: the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum has two hemispheres. The cerebrum controls voluntary movement, speech, intelligence, memory, emotion, and sensory processing Brain stem = at the base of the brain, the brain stem connects to the spinal cord and is made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Mid brain = acts like a complex switchboard, allowing the brain to communicate with the rest of the nervous system Pons = relays messages from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and spinal cord Medulla oblongata = this portion of the brain stem is located just above the spinal cord. It regulates vital functions. Such as heartbeat and breathing Thalamus = located in the central part of the brain, the thalamus processes and coordinates sensory messages, such as touch, received from the body Hypothalamus = regulates functions like thirst, appetite, and sleep patterns. It also regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland = produces hormones involved in regulating growth, puberty, metabolism, water, and mineral balance, the bodys response to stress, and more

Cerebellum = the cerebellum helps coordinate and fine-tune movement and balance Spinal cord = this portion of the central nervous system runs down the inside of the spinal column, connecting the brain with nerves going to the rest of the body Frontal lobe =located behind the forehead and do so much of the work of complex thinking like planning, imagining, and reasoning Parietal lobe = located behind the frontal lobes. They contain the sensory cortex which process messages such as those related to touch, taste, and temperature and the motor cortex which controls movement Occipital lobes = in the rear of the brain they contain the visual cortex, which processes sight. Temporal lobes = are found near the ears. They process hearing and are involved in memory retrieval The female reproductive system Vagina = tube like organ connects the uterus to the outside of the body. The birth of a baby follows its path. Cervix = is the lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina. During labor, the cervix dilates to about 4 inches in diameter Ovaries = are located in the left and right lower abdomen. Produces eggs as well as hormones like estrogen and progesterone Fallopian tubes = thin. Soft tubes extend from the uterus to the ovaries. During ovulation, an ovary releases an egg into the fallopian tube next to it. Uterus = also called the womb. The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ with a muscular wall and a lining. The uterus expands many times in size during pregnancy to hold the growing fetus. Labia majora = are the two outer flaps of tissue that surround the labia manora and vagina Labia minora = are the two inner flaps of tissue, just inside the labia manora, that surround the opening of the vagina Urethra = is the tube-like structure that carries urine out of the body Clitoris is the small sensory organ located just above the vagina