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Class: ...................................... .

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964/2

STPM 2011

BIOLOGY

JABA TAN PELAJARAN NEGERI SEMBILAN PERCUBAAN BERSAMA SIJIL TINGGf PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
201 1 Instructions to candidates: For examiner's use
1

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Ans;ver all questions in Section A. Write your answers in the spaces provided Answer any four questions in Section B. Write your answers on your own test pad Begin each answer on a fi'esh sheet ofpaper. Answers should be illustrated by large and clearly labeled diagrams wherever suitable. Arrange your answers in numerical order and tie the answer sheets to this question paper.

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Total

This question paper consists of 12 printed pages STPM TRIAL 964/2 CONFIDENTIAL*

Section A [40 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

]. The figure below shows a diagram of part of a polypeptide chain. This type of structure is commonly found in proteins.

a)

Name the basic unit of a polypeptide chain.

[1 mark]

b)

Identify the type of bond in the structure labeled by the letter X.

[1 mark]

c) (i) Name the level of the protein represented by the diagram.

[1 mark]

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(ii)

Describe the structure.

[2 marks]

d) State what would happen to the polypeptide chain if it were healed to about
70C

[ l mark]

e) Protein can be classified as fibrous or globular. Name one example of each. [2 marks]

f)

Monosaccharides can also be linked together to form long chain molecules called polysaccharides. State two differences between a polypeptide and a polysaccharide chain. [2m arks

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2 The table below shows the percentage of saturation haemoglobin (Hb) resulting from a range of partial pressure of oxygen (PO:) at two different concentration of carbon dioxide (mmHg) P0 2 /mmHg %saturation ofHb at PC0 2

=40 mmHg 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
f-------

% '"'"'"''"" ofHb"' PCO, I = 80 mmHg

8 22 42 60 71
81

] ]

38 59 75 83 90 94 98 99 99

88 95 98 99

80 90

100

(a)

Plot a graph on a single pair of axes to show these different cocentration of carbon dioxide. [2 marks]

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_:_,'

-,--

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(b) From the graph, what is the percentage saturation ofHb when P0 2 is 55mmHg?

I.

At Pco, 40 mmHg: ........................ . At Pco, 80 mmHg:

[1 mark) [1 mark]

II.

(c)

What is your inference from the above answer?

[ I mark]

(d)

State two main features of the respiratory pigment, haemoglobin.

[2 marks]

(e)

Briefly explain the structure of erythrocyte in relation to its function.

[3 marks]

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3.

The graph below shows the growth pattern in human organs and tissues.

20Clr

a:

20

(a)

Name the type of growth pattern shown? Explain your answer. [2 marks]

(h)

Name structures P, Q, RandS.

(4 marks]

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(c)

Explain the relative grov,th of organs represented by P and S

[4 marks]

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4. The diagram below shows the stages of meiosis during the formation of gametes which involve a pair of chromosome P and a pair of chromosome Q.

~-~<I

~~
Meiosis I Meiosis II

L
GameteS

GameteS

Gamete T

Gamete T

(a) What is the number of chromosome P if gametes S and Tare fertilized by normal gametes? [2 marks] GameteS: ... Gamete T :........ (b) During the formation of gametes, the failure of sister chromatids or a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate causes a mutation which changes the number of chromosomes.
(i) Show the arrangement of chromosomes in the diagram if the process in (a) occurs involving the pair of chromosome P during meiosis I. [6 marks]

(ii) Name the above phenomenon.

[l mark]

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(c) State the type of the above chromosomal mutation.

[1 mark]

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Section B [60 marks]

Answer any four questions in this section

(a)

Draw and label the structure of a cell membrane based on Singer's model. [3 marks] Explain the structures and functions of the cell transportation of substances into the cell. membrane m the [ 12 marks]

(b)

(aJ (b) (c)

Describe the structure of phloem, What is meant by translocation?

[4 marks] [2 marks]

Using Mass flow hypothesis explain how organic substances are transported in plants, [9 marks]

(a) (b)

What is meant by antibody and describe its structure, Explain humoral immunity,

[5 marks]

[10 marks]

(a)

What is meant by: (i) Hardy- Weinberg's Law (iiJ Sickle cell anaemia

[3 marks] [3 marks]

(b)

In a particular country in Northern Africa, a medical study revealed that 0,085% of the country's population are suffering from sickle cell anaemia, Sickle cell anaemia is controlled by a pair of alleles H and h, where the individuals with the illness have the homozygous recessive genotype; those with normal red blood cell have the alternative genotype, Using the Hardy- Weinberg's equation, calculate the percentage of the population of the two genotypes for normal blood cells, [4 marks]

(c)

In only a few remote areas in that country, the percentage of sickle cell anaemia reaches as high as 4%, Calculate: (i) the percentage of homozygous and heteroz\'gous individuals with the normal blood cells, [3 marks] (ii) the ratio for both the phenotype [2 marks]

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(a)

Explain how amniocentesis is used in the screening for genetic defects.

[6 marks]
(b) Explain the main steps in the formation of DNA fingerprints and state the use of this technique. [9 marks] Explain biogeochemical cycle.

10

(a)

[5 marks]

(b) With the aid of a suitable diagram, explain the phosphorus cycle.

[1 0 marks]

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