JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI SEMBILAN

TRIAL STPM 2011

MARKING SCHEME
BIOLOGY 964
Paper 1 (964/1)
Paper 2 (964/2)
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN BERSAMA STPM
PAPER 1(96411)
Marking Scheme- BIOLOGY
--
NO ANSWER
+-
NO ANSWER
--
1 B 26 c
~ -
2 A 27 A
--
" B 28 B ~
--
c 29 B 4
--t
5 A 30 A
6 B 31
I
D
-
7 D 32 c
8 c "" D ~ ~
9 A 34 B
10 c 35 D
-
I 1 B 36 c
--12--
1
A 37
--~ -
D
13 c 38 B
14 D 39 c
-
15
I
A 40 c
'
____ ___._
16 B 41 D
17 D 42 A
------- --
~ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 8
D 43 D
,--- 19
B 44 B
-
20 D 45 c
--
--
21
I
c 46 A
22 -T A -t 47
-
B
r---23 _f ____ c ---- ~ - - - - 48
. --
1--
A
--1--------
j24 i\ - . 1 - 49
1-------t--- I
c- ____2s _ c ___ [ so
--
NO
1 (a)
'J(b) .
(i)
(ii)
1 (d)
I ! (e)
1 (f)
L __
1
.MARKING SCHEME PAPER 2
SECTION A
ANSWER
-
Amino acid
Hydrogen bond
r--
Secondary structure/ 0-pleated sheet


Many hydrogen bonds are formed between C=O
and NH- group from the peptide bond regions.
These maintain the stable structure of 0-pleated
structure

Polypeptide chain is folded to form sheet
Hydrogen bonds break;
the secondary structure II sheet will unfold II
become denatured
Fibrous protein :Keratin I collagen I myosin I silk I
Globular protein : any named enzyme e.g amylase I any
named protein hormone I antibodies
Polypeptide Polysaccharide

Is linked by peptide
I

Has glycosidic
bonds bonds

Contains sequence

Has identical/same
of difference monomers
monomers/amino
I
acids

Linear/straight

Some have
chain branches
SUBTOTAL TOTAL
1 1
1 1
1 I
1
1 2
l
l 1
(Any 1)
1
1
( any 1) 2
j
2
1
1
(any 2)
total 10
--
2
NO ANSWER
SUBTOTAL TOTAL
2 (a)

Both X and Y axes with correct labels and unit
1/0

Both curves with labels correct
(b)rul
110

%of Hb saturation for PC0
2
(40mmHg)- 60%, 75%

% ofHb saturation for PC0
2
(80mmHg)- 95%, 98%
2
2
(i i)
1---+--
(c)

At higher partial pressure of C0
2
, the affinity of Hb
for 0
2
is reduced
(d)

Hb is comprised of 4 protein subunits I 4 polypeptide
chains

Has 2 a chains and 2 p chains
Max2

Each globular subunit contains a haem molecule

At the centre of each haem molecule is a ferrous ion
'-------
3
(e)

RBC has no nucleus -more space for more l
haemoglobin thus more 02 can be transported

Round, disc-like shape, flexible/elastic- allow cells
I
to be squeezed through narrow capillaries
I

Thin plasma membrane- give a short diffusion
distance into and out of cells

Biconcave- increases the surface area to volume
ratio/ providing larger surface area for diffusion of
l
Max 3
gases I gaseous exchange
Total 10
0
(a)

Allometric growth l 0

Different parts of the body grows at different rates
compared to the overall growth rate of the organisms
l 2
(b)

P-Thymus/ Lymphoid tissues I

Q-Brain/head
l

R-Absolute growth rate of human

S-Reproductive organs
l
l
4
(c)

P-Lymphoid tissues grow rapidly in early childhood l
compared to adolescent.

This is because the risk of infection is high in early
l
life when immunity has not yet been acquired
l

S-The reproductive organ grow slowly

In early life but rapidly at puberty
l

To ensure that the reproductive system starts to
develop after other parts of the body have completed
I
their development
Max 4
1----
I
Total 10
L
-
4

4 (a) GameteS : 3
Gamete T: I
2
(b) (i) 6
I
Meiosis II
=
GameteS Gamete S Gamete T
Gamete T
Non-disjunction
( ii) 7
Aneuploidy
( c)
Total
5
ANSWER SCHEME PAPER 2 BIOLOGY TRIAL STPM 2011
Section B
NO
- 5(a)
ANSWER

}G
Drawing and structures correct
5 labels(all):
1. Intrinsic(A)(D)/lntegral(A)(D)//Transmem
Pore protein( A)/Extrinsic protein (G)
brane(A)(D)/
2. Phospholipid bilayer (B)
3. Cholesterol (E)
4. Glycoprotein (C)
5. Glycolipid (F)
5(b) Structure and function:
the biological cell membrane acts as barrier and are
selectively permeable
f phospholipids the membrane consists of a fluid bilayer o
and various protein molecules act as ion c hannels, CatTier
protein or pumps embedded in it
the phospholipids bilayer has a hydrophobi
and a hydrophilic head
the phospholipids bilayer is permeable
uncharged molecules like oxygen and
steroid based hormone, fatty acids and
c fatty acids tail
to very small
carbon dioxide,
alcohol (simple
SUB-
TOTAL
Diagram
: 1
Label:
210
1
1
1
l
-
diffusion)
T
Transportation of substances into the cell:
simple diffusion of water molecules across the semi I
permeable cell membrane is called osmosls.
some integral mt;mbrane protein fom1 hydrophilic ion
cham1els enable diffusion of various charged ions e.g.K+,
Na+, Ca+, and HC0
3
- down their concentration gradient
some of this ion protein channels can open or close and are
I TOTAL
I
I
3 Max
4
called gated channels e.g. voltage-gated channels and
1
1
ligand-gated channels
large sized hydrophilic molecules such as glucose are I
l
twnsportcd across the cell membrane th;ough facilitated i
dr>IusJOn usmg a canier pwtem I
,_____ "_ir1__i_:lC!lttatscl_ the_QJ_11dmg_ __ o _ _L_s_t.llStdt1C_es_t_o__tl1e
I
6
NO ANSWER SUB- TOTAL
TOTAL
specific protein carrier causes the change in its shape and
the substance is released into the cell

Ill active transport, the shape of protein carrier changes 1
using energy (ATP) to transport substances across the cell
membrane

in endocytosis the substances are transported into the cell
1
through the invagination of the cell membrane

pinocytosis occurs when the cell membrane invaginates to
1
actively transport a small amount of fluid into the cell

all these structures and its related process enable the cell
membrane to function as semi-permeable membrane as well
1
as enable the cell membrane to regulate the movement
of substances in and out of the cell
(Any 8) Max 8
f--
TOTAL 15
6(a)

Phloem tissue consists mainly of sieve tubes and companion l
cells

Sieve elements are arranged end to end to form a long
1
cylindrical sieve tubes

The end walls of sieve tubes are perforated fanning a sieve
1
plates with sieve pores

Mature sreve tubes are Living cells with no nucleus,
1
ribosomes or Golgi apparatus

Companion cells connected to the sieve elements through
plasmodesmata contains a large nucleus, dense cytoplasm
1 Max4
and numerous of mitochondria
(b)

Translocation IS the movement of orgamc solutes I 1
sucrose/an1ino acids/soluble Qroducts of Qhotosynthesis

From the leaves/source through the sieve tubes to be carried
1 2
to other garts of the Qlant/sink/root.
(c)
The Mass flow hypothesis state that :
The hydrostatic pressure gradient formed between the leaf 1
cells (source) and root cells (sink) drives

the passrve mass flow of water and dissolve solutes 1
downwards
In leaves, orgamc substances /sucrose synthesized Ill the
I
mesophyll cells are actively transQorted into sieve tube
Low water QOtential is created in sieve tubes,
1
Thus water enters the sieve tubes tLuough osmosis from the
;:cylem
I
I
The entry of water generates a high hydrostatic Qressure in
the sieve tubes
1
In the roots/sink, are activelv transQorted into
the tissue for cellular respiration or converted to starch for
I
storage
As sugars are ren1oved, the water [JOtential of sieve tubes in
roo!,;_b;_ increased, causing the water molecules to diffuse out
1
L-_ __ _j through osmosis into roots _______ . __
7
NO ANSWER SUB- TOTAL
TOTAL
Low hvdrostatic pressure is created in the sieve tubes of the I 9
roots
TOTAL 15
7(a) Antibody is globular protein that reacts with specific antigen I
" it is made up of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains I
the structure are held together by disulphide bonds I
" each chain has constant and variable parts I
the variable part is the binding site of the antibody onto a
I 5
sgecific antigen
(b) "Humoral I antibody-mediated immune response involves B I
lymphocyte cell
pathogens bearing foreign antigens invade the body 1
macrophages 111 the body engulf I phagoc ytocizes these
pathogens I digest the antigen into fragments by hydrolytic
1
enzymes
MHC class II molecules bind to the macrophages to the
I
antigen fragment to fonn MHC complex
this foreign antigen , MHC complex is then displayed on the
l
cell surface
this macrophage is called antigen-presenting cell (APC)
I
helper T cell binds to APC and secretes IL-2
I
The activated B cell then divides by mitosis and a clone of B
I
cell is produced
B cells differentiate, becoming plasma cells and memory B
I
cells
The plasma cells secrete antibodies
I
I
10
1----
TOTAL IS
r-- 8(a)(i)
1ardy-Weinberg's Law
The frequency of (dominant and recessive) alleles ll1 a
population will rem am constant from one generation to 1 1
generation/ allele and genotype frequencies do not change
from generation to generation 111 a population at genetic
equilibrium
provided these four conditions are met:
1. the population is large
]I. mating is random
Ill. no mutation occurs
IV. no migration occurs
2/0 2
(all four conditions must be correct)
(ii)
Sickle cell anaemia
is a result of point/gene mutation/base substitution I
Glutamine is replaced by Valine. I
I
This causes the abnormal haemoglobin to be pulled into a
I
I
I sickk shape
I
___ to be carried to tbe tisstJe
1 Max 3
'
'
-- _____ __j
8
NO ANSWER SUB- TOTAL
TOTAL
-
(b)
p+q=l
1
r' + 2pq + q' = 1
requency of allele h = q, frequency of allele H = p,
q' = 0.085% = 0.00085
q = v 0.00085
1
q
= 0.029*
p
=
I - q
p = I - 0.029
p
= 0.971 *
1
%genotype HH = 0.971
2
X 100
= 94.28% 1
% genotype Hh = 2 X 0.971 X 0.029 X 100
= 5.63%
1
Max4
( c )(i)
q = 4% = 0.04
q
=
v
0.04
q = 0.2 I
p
=
I - q
p
=
I - 0.2 I
p
=
0.8
% genotype HH = 0.8
2
X 100 I
= 64%
I
% genotype Hh = 2 X 0.8 X 0.2 X 100 I
= 32% Max 3
-, ..
(c)(u)
Normal blood cell sickle cell anemia blood cell
(HH, Hh) (hh)
64% + 32% 4% I
96% 4%
24 I I
2
~
--
TOTAL
15--
9(a) Amniocentesis
I
indirect screening for genetic defects in a foetus. I
a long, sterilized needle is pierced through the abdominal and 1
uterus walls into the amniotic cavity.
a small sample of amniotic fluid together with cells sloughed 1
off from the foetus' body are extracted.
the foetal cells are cultured in laboratory. 1
I
I
I
biochemical analysis of DNA and products of defective genes 1
I
I
I (such as) u-foctoprotcin (AFP) for the spina bifida defect
'
I
I
~ -
NO
9
ANSWER
and karyotypic study are carried out.
this test is especially important for mothers above the age of
35
if the foetus is handicapped, measures such as gene therapy,
genetic counseling or abortion can be carried out
SUB-
TOTAL
1
1
(b) DNA fingerprinting.
DNA is isolated from samples of blood, sperm or skin
and is amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
teclmique.
restriction enzyme is used to cut the DNA into fragments that
1
1
are different in length and base sequences (the fragments are 1
placed in agarose gel).
the fragments are then separated according to s1ze and 1
charged by using the technique of gel electrophoresis.
DNA fragments are heated to split double-stranded DNA into 1
single strands (and then denatured tluough chemical
treatment.)
then transferred to a nylon membrane (through the process of I
Southem blotting).
radioactive probes are added to bind to complementary base 1
sequences in the DNA and are placed on an X-ray film.
radioactive probes in DNA fragments produce dark bands on I
the film/autoradiography
TOTAL
Max 6
_____
Use of fingerprinting:
DNA fingerprint can be used in forensic science for testing
specimens and identification of individuals in criminal cases
I accidents, immigration cases.
determination of kinship I patemity.
identification of defective gene.
1
I
I
(any 2) Max 2
--lO(a) Biogeochemical cycle means:
Natural cycle of essential chemical elements in (various 1
forms) by the geological and biological processes
chemical elements flow from abiotic reserve to the biotic 1
components and back to the abiotic pool II Involves
interactions between living things and non-living things
The cycle prevent depletion of the resource. 3
10
NO ANSWER SUB- TOTAL
TOTAL
(b)
erosion\!'
Inorganic
inorganiC
mining, industrial
phosphate
f-+
I>' phosphates in
Dissolved
production of fertilisers
in rocks
r
fr shwater, teans
~
active uptake by aquatic
inorganic
decomposition by organ1sms
phosphate
detmposecs v
J land
t
ions in the soil uplih V
death, decomposition
death
bones, teeth,
,).
active ion upt ke
shells. excretorywas
tes
Sedimentation V
c> cue"
i
Organic
eaten by
Organic
Inorganic
phosphates
animals V
phosphates
phosphates on
ocean floors
in plants in animals
~ -
-
D iagrarn co nect 2
210 Max4
All 6 ticked (,J) labels must be conect
c-------
L Sedimentation of phosphates on ocean floor from the rocks. I
2. After millions of years, geological land uplift raised the 1
rocks containing phosphorns above sea leveL
0
Throngh erosion, phosphates returned to soil, rivers, lakes I
~ -
and oceans from the rocks.
4. Mining of rocks for the manufacture of fertilizers supply I
I inorganic phosphates to the soiL
5. Inorganic phosphate ions are absorbed by plants, I
I
6. then assimilated to synthesise important compounds/amino I
I
acids.
I
7. Transfen-ed to herbivores when eaten and then to other 1
trophic levels in the food chain through assimilation.
I
8. When organisms die, remains of bones , teeth , shells and 1
excretory wastes area acted on by bacteria to release
c-_ ---
inorganic phosphates into soil through decomposition.
8
~ TOTAL 15
~ - - ~