Phrasal Verbs

Separable Phrasal Verbs The object may come after the following phrasal verbs or it may separate the two parts: You have to do this paint job over. You have to do over this paint job. When the object of the following phrasal verbs is a pronoun, the two parts of the phrasal verb must be separated: You have to do it over. Verb Meaning Example 1 blow up Explode Produce or emit a current of air He blow up and waved his sandwich 2 bring up Mention a Topic Give something The ministers agreed to bring down the price of oil. Bring the book to me. 3 bring up Raise children Is hard for a single man to bring up children alone 4 call off Cancel Restrain or recall He call off our trip Please call off your dogs 5 do over repeat a job Do it over 6 fill out Complete a form 7 fill up fill to capacity 8 Give away Give something to someone else for free 9 give back return an object 10 hand in submit something (assignment) 11 hang up put something on hook or receiver 12 hold up Delay 13 hold up (2) Rob 14 Leave out Omit 15 look over Examine, check 16 look up search in a list 17 Make up invent a story or lie 18 Make out Hear, understand 19 pick out Choose 20 pick up lift something off something else 21 Point out call attention to 22 put away Save or store 23 put off Postpone 24 put on put clothing on the body 25 put out Extinguish 26 read over Peruse 27 set up to arrange, begin 28 Take down Make a written note 29 take off remove clothing

30 talk over Discuss 31 Throw away Discard 32 try on put clothing on to see if it fits 33 try out Test 34 Turn down Lower volume 35 Turn down (2) Reject 36 turn up Raise the volume 37 turn off switch off electricity 38 turn off (2) Repulse 39 turn on switch on the electricity 40 use up Exhaust, use completely

Prepositinal verbs y Phrasal Verbs En ingls hay muchos verbos que constan de dos partes: el verbo + una preposicin o partcula adverbial. Los prepositional verbs (verbos preposicionales) constan de un verbo ms una preposicin. La preposicin siempre va detrs del objeto y en las oraciones interrogativas suelen posicionarse al final.

I'm waiting for you -- Who are you waiting for?

Los phrasal verbs (verbos frasales) constan de dos partes: el propio verbo ms una partcula adverbial. Muchas veces un phrasal verb tiene el mismo significado que un verbo normal. En este caso utilizaremos los phrasal verbs para hablar de una manera ms informal. find out = discover = descubrir

La diferencia entre preposicin y partcula adverbial La diferencia entre una preposicin y una partcula adverbial es que la preposicin est unida a un sustantivo o pronombre y una partcula adverbial forma parte y depende solo del verbo. Veamos la diferencia con el ejemplo live down que puede actuar como verbo preposicional y tambin como verbo adverbial. a) preposicional: | He lives down the street |

b) adverbial:

| I lived down that incident.

a) En este caso, down es una preposicin. ( l vive abajo de la calle.) b) En este caso, down es una partcula adverbial que va unida y depende directamente del verbo. (Consegu olvidar ese accidente) Tipos de Phrasal Verbs Los verbos compuestos pueden ser transitivos o intransitivos, segn lleven o no un complemento objeto directo en forma de sintagma nominal. De ello depender el orden de la frase. Haremos una clasificacin segn lo anterior mencionado: VERBO + PREPOSICIN + COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO transitivo (que lleva complemento directo) |

1: La preposicin va entre en verbo y el complemento directo | Looking at him you'd never guess he is a policeman. |

VERBO + PARTCULA ADVERBIAL + COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO transitivo (que lleva complemento directo) |

1: Si el complemento es un sustantivo, la partcula adverbial podr ir detrs del verbo o detrs del complemento | look (something) up: consultar algo -en un libroHe looked up the word - He looked the word up | |

2: Si el complemento es un pronombre, la partcula ir siempre detrs. | cheer (somebody) up: animar a alguien | |

I wanted to get him something to cheer him up. | VERBO + PARTCULA ADVERBIAL intransitivo (que no lleva complemento directo)

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1: En estos la partcula va colocada inmediatamente despus del verbo. The machine has broken down | | |

VERBO +PARTCULA ADVERBIAL+ PREPOSICIN + COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO transitivo (que lleva complemento directo) |

1: Contienen dos partculas, la primera partcula funciona como adverbio y la segunda como preposicin. No se admite la colocacin de un componente entre las partculas. | He ran away from the police. | She came in for dinner.|

STATIVE VERBS NO se usan en su forma continua (presente continuo, futuro continuo) son verbos que describen estados, situaciones y condiciones y se llaman STATIVE verbs. Los verbos que SI se usan en sus formas continuas son los llamados DYNAMIC verbs, ya que describen principalmente acciones.

Veamos una lista de los STATIVE verbs ms comunes agrupados por categoras:

STATIVE VERBS o verbos que no se usan en su forma continua:

-Verbos que describen un estado (feel , be) o estados mentales como opinin, duda, acuerdo o desacuerdo: agree, think, believe, disagree, feel, doubt, depend, understand, know, mean, remember, seem, look (=seem), mind, suppose, guess, appear, matter, concern, realise

Ejemplos: -Mary feels good. Mary se siente bien. -I am very happy. Yo estoy muy contenta. -She looks very nice in that dress. Ella se ve bien con ese vestido.

1)Verbos que describen gustos, preferencias, o emociones: like, dislike, prefer, love, hate. Ejemplos: -I dont like cheese. No me gusta el queso. -I love westerns. Me encantan las pelculas del oeste.

2)Verbos relacionados con la posesin o pertenencia: have, possess, belong, own, owe, lack, include, involve. Ejemplos: -That house belongs to the Murphys. Esta casa pertenece a los Murphys. -I dont understand her accent. No entiendo su acento.

3) Verbos que describen el peso, medida, contenido o caractersticas de algo: weigh, measure, consist, contain. Ejemplos: - The parcel weighs 3kg and contains 6 video games. El paquete pesa 3kg y contine 6 videojuegos.

4) Verbos que expresan deseo o necesidad: want, wish, need, deserve. -I want an ice cream. Quiero un helado.

5) Verbos relacionados con la percepcin y los sentidos: sound, hear, taste, see, smell, imagine, recognise, satisfy Ejemplo: - The soup smells good. La sopa huele bien.

Pero !ojo! algunos verbos pueden ser tanto stative como dynamic; estos verbos tienen ms de un significado. Algunos de ellos son: be, have, think, see, smell o taste. Veamos algunos ejemplos:

Be -She is funny. Ella es divertida. -She is being very funny. Ella est siendo muy divertida.

En la primera frase se funny describe una caracterstica de la persona (static), mientras que en la segunda se habla de un comportamiento en un determinado momento (dynamic).

Have -I have a car. Tengo un coche. -Are you having a good time? Lo ests pasando bien?

En el primer ejemplo have indica posesin (static) mientras que en el segundo forma parte de la expresin to have a good time que no tiene nada que ver con la posesin, otras expresiones con have: have lunch, have a shower, have a party, have a good time

See -I see what you mean. Entiendo lo que quieres decir. -I see you now, you are in front of the bookshop. Ahora te veo, ests delante de la librera. -Im seeing Mary this afternoon. Voy a ver a Mary esta tarde. -Ive been seing my girlfriend since last August. He estado viendo a mi novia desde agosto del ao pasado.

See puede significar ver o entender (static) y tambin reunirse con alguien o tener una relacin (dynamic)

Taste (smell) -The food tastes good. La comida sabe bien. -The cook is tasting the food. El cocinero est probando la comida.

Podemos decir que algo tiene un sabor u olor determinado, (static) y tambin hablar de la accin de saborear u oler (dynamic).

Como dato curioso, te sonar seguro un caso en el que estas reglas no se aplican, y es que quin no ha escuchado el famossimo eslogan de Macdonalds' Im loving it.

Aqu el verbo love, que debera ser stative, se usa como dynamic; las reglas se rompen en beneficio del marketing y la publicidad. Debido a que el lenguaje es un sistema en constante evolucin, este fenmeno ocurre en numerosas ocasiones, pero no quiere decir esto que no debamos aprender las reglas gramaticales, sino al contrario, debemos aprenderlas bien primero, para luego romperlas. Some English verbs, which we call state, non-continuous or stative verbs, arent used in continuous tenses (like the present continuous, or the future continuous). A verb which isnt stative is called a dynamic verb, and is usually an action. Some verbs can be both stative and dynamic: Be |

be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous it means behaving or acting * you are stupid = its part of your personality * you are being stupid = only now, not usually | Think | * think (stative) = have an opinion I think that coffee is great * think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head

what are you thinking about? Im thinking about my next holiday Have | * have (stative) = own I have a car * have (dynamic) = part of an expression Im having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / a break See | |

* see (stative) = see with your eyes / understand I see what you mean I see her now, shes just coming along the road * see (dynamic) = meet / have a relationship with Ive been seeing my boyfriend for three years Im seeing Robert tomorrow Taste | * taste (stative) = has a certain taste This soup tastes great The coffee tastes really bitter * taste (dynamic) = the action of tasting The chef is tasting the soup |

('taste' is the same as other similar verbs such as 'smell') Get about - spread (of news etc.) Word soon got about that he was going to be dismissed. Get about - travel, move from place to place They get about quite a bit. The Delhi Metro is the best way to get about the city. Get something across - cause people to understand or accept it Though he tried hard, he couldnt get the new idea across. He could get the message across without much difficulty.

Get after - pursue; attack Though they got after the thieves, the policemen failed to arrest them. Get along - live sociably with somebody; manage; make progress I dont understand how he manages to get along with her. Get at - reach; find out Though he tried hard, the hungry fox couldnt get at the bunch of grapes. They are trying to get at the truth. Get away (with) - leave; escape; avoid the penalty of The rich lad probably believed that he would be able to get away with the murder, but he was proved wrong. Get off - start We got off in the morning. Get off - escape punishment The accused couldnt get off. The thief got off after bribing the policeman. Get over -overcome He could get over the financial difficulties easily. Get round somebody - persuade somebody to do what is desired; outwit; influence A pretty young wife easily gets round an old husband. Get (down) to - start It is high time we got down to work. Get to know - reach the stage of knowing; become familiar with He is a nice guy when you get to know him.