NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

FOR AERONAUTICS

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TECHNICAL NOTE 2881

AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-BLADE
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NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08) -045
PROPELLER
By William Solomon
Langley Aeronautical Laboratory
Langley Field, Va.
DISTRIBUTIONSTATEMENTA
Approvedfor Public Release
Distribution Unlimited
Reproduced From
Best Available Copy
Washington
January 1953
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NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
TECHNICAL NOTE 2881
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-BLADE
NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08)-045
PROPELLER
I
By William Solomon
SUMMARY
As part of the investigation to determine the influence of blade-
section thickness ratio on propeller performance, tests were made in
the Langley l6-foot high-speed tunnel to determine the aerodynamic
characteristics of the two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propeller and of
the two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller .
Data were obtained over a blade-angle range from 20
0
to 55
0
as
measured at the 0.75-radius station, the various constant values of
rotational speed used giving a range of advance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8.
Maximum efficiencies of the order of 91.5 to 92 percent were obtained
for the propellers. The propeller with the thinner airfoil sections
over the outboard portion of the blades, the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 pro-
peller, had lower losses at high tip speeds, the difference amounting
to about 5 percent at a helical tip Mach number of 1.10.
INTRODUCTION
The aerodynamic characteristics of a series of 10-foot-diameter
propellers were investigated in the Langley 16-foot high-speed tunnel
in a comprehensive propeller research program. Having high-critical-
speed NACA 16-series airfoil sections (ref. 1), these propellers were
designed to have Betz minimum induced-energy-loss loading (ref. 2) for
a blade angle of 45
0
at the 0.7 radius when used as a four-blade pro-
peller operating at an advance ratio of approximately 2.1. The ultimate
purpose of the program was to determine the influence upon propeller
ISupersedes the recently declassified NACA RM L8E26, "Aerodynamic
Characteristics at High Speeds of a Two-Blade NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 Pro-
peller and of a Two-Blade NACA 10-( 3) (08) -045 Pr-opeLl.er " by William
Solomon, 1948.
2
NACA TN 2881
-
performance of propeller design factors and of compressibility; the pro-
peller tests reported herein form part of the investigation of the
effects of blade-section thickness ratio.
SYMBOLS
b
D
h
J
M
n
p
r
R
T
v
f3
0
.
75R
TJ
blade width, ft
blade-section design lift coefficient
power coefficient, P/pn
3
n
5
thrust coefficient, T/pn
2
n
4
propeller diameter, ft
blade-section maximum thickness, ft
..
propeller advance ratio, V/nD
air-stream Mach number t
helical tip Mach number, MVl + (yt
propeller rotational speed, rps
power absorbed by the propeller, ft-lb/sec
radius to a blade element, ft
propeller tip radius, ft
propeller thrust, lb
airspeed, 'f'ps
blade angle, deg
blade angle at 0.75 tip radius, deg
propeller efficiency,
NACA TN 2881 3
~ i optimum efficiency (zero profile-drag losses)
p mass density of air, slugs/cu ft
APPARATUS
..
Propeller dynamometer.- A diagram showing the configuration for
these propeller tests with the 2000-horsepower dynamometer is shown in
figure 1. The test apparatus and thrust and torque measuring devices
are described in detail in reference 3.
Propeller blades.- The blades are of NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 and
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 design which have designation numbers descriptive
of the propeller shape, size, and design aerodynamic characteristics.
T4e numerals of the first group give the diameter in feet; the numerals
within the first parentheses give the design lift coefficient, in tenths,
of the blade section at the 0.7 radius; the numerals within the second
parentheses give the thickness ratio at the 0.7 radius; and the last
group designates the solidity of one blade of the propeller at the
0.7 radius. Solidity is the ratio of the blade width at any radius to
the circumference of the circle traversed by that blade section. Blade-
form curves for these propellers are shown in figure 2. As can be seen,
the blades differ only in thickness ratio and, very slightly, in blade
angle; blade-width ratio and design lift coefficient are identical for
the two propellers. A photograph of typical propeller blades mounted
on the propeller dynamometer in the tunnel is shown as figure 3. Effi-
cient airfoil sections extend to the spinner of the two-blade test pro-
peller. Spinner fairing plates with 0.062-inch clearance between blade
and spinner were provided for each blade angle tested.
TEST PROCEDURE
Tests of the propellers were made at blade angles varying in
50 increments from 20
0
to 55
0
at the 0.75 radius (45-in. radius). Most
tests were run at constant rotational speed, the range of advance ratio
(J = V/nD) being obtained by changing the tunnel airspeed. A chart of
the various rotational speeds giving the blade angles tested at each
speed is given as table I. Because of power limitations, tests could
not be made at high blade angle and high rotational speed. Therefore,
in order to obtain propeller characteristics over a greater range of
tip Mach number, tests were run at a blade angle of 45
0
for maximum
dynamometer power and airspeed at or near maximum tunnel airspeed. For
these tests the tunnel airspeed was kept constant and the dynamometer
rotational speed was varied to obtain the range of advance ratio required.
4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
NACA TN 2881
Reduction of data.- The test data, corrected for spinner force and
tunnel-wall interference, are presented as the usual propeller charac-
teristics, thrust and power coefficient efficiency plotted
as functions of advance ratio. Reference 3 describes the corrections
applied. Propeller characteristics as presented herein represent the
forces exerted by the propeller from the spinner surface to the blade
tips acting in free air. These data are believed to be accurate to
within 1 percent.
Because the tests were made over a period of time (therefore, under
different conditions of tunnel air temperature), small discontinuities
occurred in the curves of air-stream Mach number plotted against advance
ratio. Also, discrepancies occurred between the values of stream Mach
number at the same value of advance ratio for tests run at different
times. Therefore, in order to obtain uniformity in the presented data,
all air-stream Mach number curves and helical tip Mach number curves
have been corrected to those presented for the same advance ratio and
rotational speed for the basic propeller of the NACA series, the
NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 propeller, in reference 3.
Propeller characteristics.- Faired curves of thrust coefficient,
power coefficient, and propeller efficiency plotted as functions of
ratio are presented in figures 4to 10 for the two-blade
NACA propeller and in figures 11 to 17 for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller. The variation of air-stream Mach number
and helical tip Mach number with advance ratio is shown in the figures
presenting propeller efficiency.
Envelope efficiency.- Envelope curves of propeller efficiency at
the various test rotational speeds are given for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propeller in figure 18 and for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller in figure 19. Also shown in these figures
is the optimum efficiency of a two-blade propeller with Betz mini-
mum induced-energy-loss loading operating at 1350 rpm. The optimum-
efficiency curve was calculated by a method, given in reference 4, which
neglects all profile-drag losses for a two-blade propeller operating at
the same values of power coefficient as attained in the tests of the
NACA propellers. At the higher values of advance ratio, 2.0 to 2.8, the
calculated values of optimum efficiency are higher for the
NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propeller than for the NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 pro-
peller because the thinner propeller operates at slightly lower values
of power coefficient for maximum efficiency than does the thicker pro-
peller. This higher optimum-efficiency value for the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045
propeller is in agreement with propeller theory which indicates that at
NACA TN 2881 5
..)
maximum efficiency the blade-section profile-drag losses should approxi-
mately equal the induced losses; therefore, the propeller with the lower
profile-drag loss, the propeller with thinner blade sections, will oper-
ate under lighter load and, consequently, with lower induced loss.
Comparison of this optimum-efficiency curve with the envelope effi-
ciency curve (1350 rpm) for both propellers indicates induced losses of
the order of 5 percent and profile-drag losses of the order of 4 percent
at an advance ratio of 2.2, approximately the design advance ratio. The
high peak of the envelope efficiency curve (91.5 to 92 percent) is a
result of the use of a Betz loading in the design and the maintaining
of efficient airfoil sections to the spinner surface.
Comparison of NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 data with NACA 4-(3)(08)-045 data.-
The envelope efficiency of the two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller
at 1350. rpm is compared in figure 20 with corresponding results from
tests of a 4-foot-diameter model of this propeller (ref. 5). Also shown
in the figure are the optimum-efficiency curves for the values of power
coefficient at maximum efficiency obtained with the respective propel-
lers. Since, during the tests of the 4-foot-diameter propeller, the
propeller was mounted on the forward portion of a model with a wing
spanning the tunnel and since thrust was measured by the t u n n ~ l balance
system, some of the slipstream rotation was converted into measured
thrust. Therefore, the propulsive efficiencies which were obtained con-
siderably exceeded the propeller efficiencies obtained with the 10-foot-
diameter propeller. Also, for the 4-foot-diameter propeller,the peak
values of efficiency occurred at higher values of advance ratio and,
consequently, at lower values of power coefficient. Hence, the values
of optimum efficiency for the 4-foot-diameter propeller are higher than
optimum-efficiency values for the 10-foot-diameter propeller. In an
analysis made in England by A. B. Raines shortly after publication of
reference 5, comments were presented to point out an apparent discrep-
ancy, as follows: envelope efficiency for the model propeller
(NACA 4-(3)(08)-045) approached optimum propeller efficiency with
increasing advance ratio and then equaled the optimum at the higher
values of advance ratio. This discrepancy exists bnly if the envelope
efficiency for the 4-foot-diameter propeller is compared with optimum
efficiency calculated from excessively high values of power coefficient.
At low advance ratio where small amounts of rotational energy are
imparted to the slipstream, the effect of the wing on recovery of the
energy in the form of thrust is very small. At higher blade angles and
advance ratios, where relatively much larger amounts of rotational
energy are imparted to the slipstream, a significant increment of thrust
is obtained from the partial recovery of the rotational energy by the
wing. Calculations based on the method of reference 6 show that at high
advance ratios the wing recovers approximately 50 percent of the slip-
stream rotational energy in the form of thrust; this amounts to approxi-
mately 2 percent in efficiency. Therefore, a major part of the total
6
NACA TN 2881
difference between the results of the 4-foot and the 10-foot-diameter-
propeller tests is accounted for by this one factor.
comfressibility effects.- The maximum efficiency of the two-blade
NACA 10- 3)(08)-045 and the two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propellers
at a blade angle of 45
0
is shown in figure 21 for a range of helical
tip Mach number. At the lower tip Mach numbers there is little differ-
ence between the maximum efficiency of the propellers. Above a tip Mach
number of 0.90, the maximum efficiency of both propellers decreases
rapidly. However, the rate of this maximum-efficiency decrease is lower
for the propeller with the thinner outboard blade sections. With an
increase of helical tip Mach number from 0.92 to 1.10, the l o ~ s in max-
imum efficiency is 13 percent for the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propeller as
compared with an 18-percent loss for the NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller,
the propeller with the thicker outboard blade sections. The higher
efficiency of the propeller with the thinner outboard blade sections is
expected because airfoil section data show that thin sections maintain
their lift to higher Mach numbers than thick sections (ref. 1).
CONCLUDING REMARKS
An investigation was made in the Langley l6-foot high-speed tunnel
to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 and the two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propellers,
differing principally in thickness distribution. Data are presented over
a rane of advance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8 and a blade-angle range from 20
0
to 55 measured at the 0.75 radius.
These propellers, as a result of the use of a Betz loading in the
design and the maintaining of efficient airfoil sections to the spinner
surface, have a maximum efficiency of the order of 91.5 to 92 percent.
The propeller with the thinner airfoil sections over the outboard
portion of the blades has lower losses in maximum efficiency caused by
compressibility, the difference amounting to about 5 percent at a heli-
cal tip Mach number of 1.10.
Langley Aeronautical Laboratory,
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics,
Langley Field, Va., June 11, 1948.
..
NACA TN 2881
REFERENCES
7
1. Stack, John: Tests of Airfoils Designed To Delay the Compressibility
Burble. NACA Rep. 763, 1943. (Supersedes NACA TN 976.)
2. Hartman, Edwin P., and Feldman, Lewis: Aerodynamic Problems in the
Design of Efficient Propellers. NACA WR L-753, (Formerly
NACA ACR, Aug. 1942.)
3. Corson, Blake W., sr., andMaynard, Julian D.: The Langley
2,000-Horsepower Propeller Dynamometer and Tests at High
Speed of an NACA 10-(3)(08)-03 Two-Blade Propeller. NACA TN 2859,
1952. (Supersedes NACA RM L7L29.)
4. Crigler, John L., and Talkin, Herbert W.: Charts for Determining
Propeller Efficiency. NACA WR L-144, (Formerly NACA
ACR L4I29.)
5. Stack, John, Dra.Ley, Eugene C., DeLano, James B., and Feldman, Lewis:
Investigation of the NACA 4-(3)(08)-03 and NACA 4-(3)(08)-045 Two-
Blade Propellers at Forward Mach Numbers to 0.725 To the
Effects of Compressibility and Solidity on Performance. NACA
Rep. 999, 1950. (Supersedes NACA ACRts 4AIO and 4B16.)
6. Betz; Albert: The Theory of Contra-Vanes Applied to the Propeller.
TM 909, 1939.
8
TABLE I
RANGE OF BLADE ANGLE AND ROTATIONAL SPEED
NACA TN 2881

Rotational.
f3
Figure speed J
at 0.75R,
rpm
deg
NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propeller
I I
4
1140 25 30 35
40 45 50 55
5
1350
20 25 30 35
40 45 ~ O
6
1500 45
7
1600 20 25 30 35
40 45
8
2000 20 25 30 35
9
2160 20 25 30
10
Varied 45
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller
11 1140 30 35
40 45 50 55
12 1350
20 25 .
30 35
40 45 50
13 150
45
14 1600 20 25 30 35
40 45
15
2000 20 25 30 35
16 2160 20 25 30
17
Varied
.
45
..
'( .-

.. .-
~
==
RAKE CONTAINING BOTH TOTAL-
AND STATIC- PRESSURE TUBES j
PROPELLER HUB AND SPINNER
ARE FREE TO MOVE AXIALLY, RESTRAINED
BY PNEUMATIC THRUST CAPSULE
16FTD
FAIRING MAY BE EITHER FIXED
OR FREE TO MOVE AXIALLY. RESTRAINED
BY PNEUMATIC FAIRING-DRAG CAPSULE
36-0
---303"
SUPPORT STRUT FASTENED ~
RIGIDLY TO TUNNEL WALL
~
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f-3
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ro
co
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Figure 1. - Configuration of 2000-horsepower dynamometer for tests of propellers in the
Langley 16-foot high-speed tunnel.
\0
10
NACA TN 2881
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Fraction of tip radius. r/R
.1
Developed plan form
1

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Leading edge
NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propeller
----NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller
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Figure 2.- Blade-form curves for NACA 10-(3)(062) -045 and for NACA
10-(3)(08) -045 propellers.
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Figure 3. - Typical propeller blade mounted on the propeller dynamometer:

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Figure 4.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062) -045 propeller. Rotational speed, 1140 rpm.
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Figure 5. - Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062) -045 propeller. Rotational speed, 1350 rpm.
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. I i f I 'I f I) \[ 1
(c) Efficiency.
Figure 5. - Concluded.
f-'
-...:]
18
NACA TN 2881
.2
o
.18
a..
o .8
..
-
c:
Q)
'0
i:
1.4 Q)
o
0
~
-a>
~
1.2
0
a.

"C
c:
>:
c
..
0
c:
1.0
..
t-
Q)
o
:
..
-
-
-
c: W
~
Q)
'0
..
it:: .8
...
-
Q)
Q)
.0
0 E
0
:::J
-
i::
II)
:::J
.6
..c:
... 0
s:
l-
e
~
-
!l
Advance ratio, J
Figure 6.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062) -045 propeller.
Rotational speed, 1500 rpm; ~ 0 . 7 5 R = 45.

-
It

fI.. c

o
:t>
8
!2:
f\)
CP
CP
t-'
2.8 2.6
, I l
1 ,I!
, , '
i I :
,
I
2.4
H--=H--f+-H++
' - I!
I . I. ,ce-.', '-!-_
i-, .,1- __ ....._ f i
2.2
rt I" I, I' I r I ! I I
. " ., -. r--;---:"
I , I , I I
-; ! :. t 1
2.0
! I i I.'
W
. I I I
-'- I ,_ '
'. - .. "1
a
"' !'J
:':LLi, . . .'..,1._. 1
l ,t:'
I I [' ' ,
i I t
nYj --I 1,1
I I i I
'--L-L1 I
t._.. .._..

1.8
L.'-
---,I
\tL!
1.6
-. T r ! l "t !
! ! I I
I
k
1.4
I "t,
_. _.. t - .l- .. --:U."-.: l .....
-1-
1.2


u .cc ".'" -, , ,_.
. ,.- .. - '_.. - .. - . -,.. - --
1.0

-:[l\}L:
, -
i-:'\l-i. ' --
..'

1-
.8
J-I-
t,
11\l
r
1"8
'.', I
.6
I f

_ __
"c, ,- "- I
! 1-'
,--
.4
i1
, I
! L I

.
._'._-_ . ' . 1_ .' .. - '
-' -.1"
'--, , , ft'.'-,'-
-.
_ :1
,-. 'I +=H I I ,
I'.' I I .:
".:'. I. I, .'. n, 1
ITT! -.1
"-w
, '-'l.k.
--.1*
I?

1 1 ! I ! >1
o '2
o .
.14 LI'-ZJ -F't: f +.+ +,1 f I I f I f I i

I, I
.04,""-1 j
.10

o
.
-
c
Q)
'u
:E
Q)
o
(J , "" I - I
II)
::::l
..
.&:
I-
Advance, ratio, J
(a) Thrust coefficient.
Figure 7.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062) -045 propeller. Rotational speed, 1600 rpm.
t-'
\D
20
.':--.."' .
NACA TN 2881
"
~
'r5
Q)
Q)
g .....
o
.....
.....
.,
'H
~
~ ..
'H
Q) 0
0
0
e o
lD ~
U Q)
c:
0
~
I::-
>
0
-e Q)
<t
0.. ~
::l
---
b.O
.....
.0
f.:1:.l
.......
..
-
'"
..
.,
T

(")
:t>
1-3

ro
co
co
I--'
, ,
. 1.0 tj-,J :.b,.LM:liEtiff t ttl Vi t' t , 1 Ii 1 ali i f gtiM t "b4 4Gbf
,6
e::-
>:
o
.5
o
;;::
-W I""i' I 1..:.1 L I ;1-(,1
B

..
Q)
.c
E
::I
c:
fFTfJE'j rr 1'-"IT11'" 6 .3 ,.r -; .. ,-:- "i. ,,' ;-- __; " ._ -- .- .,-.: .-,! -_ .-.' , ," 4. I-',C. ,--.. .... , "., ", ......r; .... .c.u.... ...... '.." ;... ... '.1: .. ;-: ._so.-._." - "._ .:. __" -. g

Advance ratio, J
(c) Efficiency.
Figure 7. - Concluded.
ro
I--'
I\)
I\)
Figure 8.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 propeller. Rotational speed, 2000 rpm.
(a) Thrust coefficient.

(")
;J>

I\)
co
co
f-'


t+1-
.:ro::c'

;+,...,

""'.1::-
'i"t1tl1!
=i-Tcn::
ji[tc:
'+:',
','
,fH
Advance ratio;J
.6 .8
13 0.75 R =
1R1
4 .H:
C
" ' >+
O
h..,'.:..t;.'-4<.
. - - -,-
o
.10
.12
...
o
.08
..
-
c
Q)
U
-
,.06
-
Q)
0
u
-
II)
:::I
.04
...
s:

.02
... -II'
..
..
,.
-
If..

'." I .t. Ji:\'

o
;:t>
1-3

ro
co
co
f-'
2.4

.l:,
.'\:

_.

ck
.
..
2.2
!:.j: j"-t.\

:>

".
... -.
,ul,l:: .; '.1 -. :

. ...Ef
t"l>
!
-
."': . ," r
..-..' ..
..

;'""'::E;
2.0
,1".' :r
bJ
,I.
,-t7,'
A:j -F'
1.8
lb
L
r:--.:
t
;::",t
1.4 1.2
.:E:tr;t;;i.;c:c
"bi=::l':""!:frcc1,:':1llilt,:"
1.0
I.:" .

:t:,W"'"
.8 .6
....._'..::-..
.4
,_...,..... ., __ .. ....;....;.' .... __ ..... 4-:..;. __

V-.:;-
_,.:' . _
;I.L
l'h'f[Ett
f30 75 R =
T . ..__.-7J-:.''::'';:'':'''''_ .
I
e:eJ"{'] ..
.2
c
.... 1:2
.' eke.
r'

:u.,

i '... . ..:....... i.:... ,. , : - ,.' ,
.... ,,-
r: -r-
oil..'
o
.02
. 12
.10
0.
0
..
.08
-
c:
Q)
(.)
;;:
.06
0
(.)

Q)

.04
Advance ratio, J
(0) Power coefficient.
Figure 8. - Continued,
ro
W
24
Advance ratio, J
(c) Efficiency.
Figure ~ . - Concluded.
NACA TN 2881
...
4D
.0
E
::J
C
.c:
o
c
~
M
NACA TN 2881
25
s
o,
"""
s
..--t
C\l
~
'0
<D
<D
c,
lZl
cd
s:::
0
.,-i
$
~
~
<D
.-f
.-f
<D
o,
0
"""
1:i
o,
LD
<D
~
.,-i 0
o
I
<;:l
C\l tH
<D eo
0 0
() '-'"
.......
.....
ev:>
~
'-'"
I
"""
0
.s::: ..--t
E-i
<t::
.......
0
ro
~ '-'"
<D
'0
ro
:d
I
0
.e
tH
0
lZl
()
.,-i
.....
lZl
. ~
<D
.....
o
ro
"""
~
0
m
<D
~
.,-i
py
:+1
.,
(,\J
q
I
rt
!j...;
v
q
t I" IH til'
L1J J I _
I I
1 'Ie" , ~ J: ,.
J
f:L-f
Tt
ll
l
~
j!
'11
J
" n
i I
CD
q
'..
"
I ~ i f:i
o
i ~ ' - I '
'.f
i:!HH:llt:IH T"
'I ..
\
'.
u
-
-
CD
o
o
..
CD
~
o
a,
4
4 4 v o n c ~ ,rotio, J
(b) Power coefficient.
Figure 9.- Continued.
t'l
..
I\)
0'\

o
:x>
1-,3
!2:
I\)
CP
CP
f-'
NACA TN 2881
27
.'.'
,0
::E
.8
..
....
Q)
..c
E
:J
c:
.6
.L:
o
0
::E
.4
".
.r.: : 1"1" '. .... !
I
:'. ' ...
: ..
.'. ::' 1.4
',' ,..... i"
I' iL:c.
:' ... 1.2
.!-::'::b':' 'I. \
. .:i: ".
-i. :..' ."
.:
"'\,1'1"1\ l.l\j ,.' I. i,'
'<i\I,L'
i .....\ I ... !
...
'.' .
I l
.../
' .. ,'"
'j "
.
....
..
,
r.: L
....
;',.:.' :
(.7 .. i"" :... ", i'.':'

: i ,." I .l
.. , .. 1-,., _,..l .. _..l,CC",.:,.';'.J :, .. , ... 1.....
Helical tip Mach number ...."... ,.H" .. -t-
... '". !!.I . ,T'7r I,,";'
._._,....: ., .. .. ,., <1'
"". t! '.J;;,;[. .. i

!l i""- .....)..- I 1 I
.
1.6
.2
(c) Efficiency.
Figure 9. - Concluded.
28
NACA TN 2881
o
1.0
2,6 - 1.8 . 2.0 2.2 2.4
\
ratio, J
1.6
0
1.4

.18
Q..
0
.16 .8
..
-
c:
Q)
'0
ii=
-
.14
:t 1.4
Q)
0
0
I-
Q)

0
.12 .6 1.2 a.
(::""
c:

0
..
.10
.5
c:
1.0
....
CD
0
:2
..
--
-
--
c:
W :::;:: Q)
'0 ..
q::
.4
.8
I-
-
CD
Q)
.0,
0
E 0
:3
-
c:
l/J
:3
.06 .3 .6
s:
I-
0 s:
.... 0
:::;::
_,'T
---
-.... ,
.04 2'
-
.4

(a) Air-stream Mach number, 0.56.
Figure 10.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062) -045 propeller at
high forward speeds. 0.75R = 45
0

NACA TN 2881
29
o
.2 .I.
1.0
2.0 2.2 2.4
Advance ratio, J
1.8 1.6
o
1.4
. 2 2 ~ = r
.18 ,:9
.0-
0
.16 .8
..
-
c
Q)
'0
::=
.14 1'.4
Q)
.7
0
0
~
Q)
~
0
.12 .6 1.2
a.
'0 ~
C
0 >:
..
0
.-: .10 .5
c
1.0 Q)

0
: ~
..
-
-
_.
c
W
~ Q)
'0
.4
~
:E .08 .8
...
Q)
Q)
..a
0
E
0
:::J
-
C
III
:::J
.06 .3 .6
.c
~
.c
0
....
o.
~
.04 .2 .4
to
(b) Air-stream Mach number, 0.60.
Figure 10. - Continued.
30
NACA TN 2881
.2
o
1.0
2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6
o _ilia
1.4
.02
.18
.9
a..
0
.16
.8
" ..-
:
Q)
'0
~ .14 .7
1.4
0
0
...
Q)
~
o.
.12
.6 1.2
, a.
-g
~
0 >:
...
"
0
I- .10 ~
:
1.0 (I)'
0 :. :0'
C:"
;;:
,,-
CD
,W
~
'0
A
,,.
if .08
.8
...
(I)
Q)
.L)
0
e
0
:J
'tii
:
:::J
.06
.3 .6
.c
...
s:
0,
I-
0
~
.04
2 .4
Advance ratio, ,J
(c) Air-stream Mach number, 0.63.
Figure 10. - Concluded.
I" J.

(')
:t>
t-,3
Z
ro
co
co

! I i
I
i ! I I"
../
f I

, " ,.- ... '

I " i
, 1 II i I I l

............ ' i
I : L '. l i I j' I 1 '"i\iit I I i.e 1 \ t. a:;: I I \ I, l I 1 ! i"i! \ ! \ I I I i I. I \ \ I I I I \ \ I I 1 I ! \ \ I) \ I
16 EJil3rT I : [ I I iii [LITe I I ! I I I I ["I I i I I I [ [ I I ! I I j I I I I I rI r ! [ I I I I I I ! l ! I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I I I I iii I ! I
I L-.l I ;
.12 tf III I I!
LLLLLLJ..:sJ___

i '''l.
01 ! I i
1'... i I II
I I J I I i I II!
r ! i ! I I
1 !
I I : I 1\
, I i I
I'd
I ,.
:"\1- \ ,I \ ,,- I 1- I \- 1- \ \ \- 'I

, I l\.
i
I
, I I I I I 1\.
II
I
t:!!1
I , i I
I i
r---r---,
i \ I
i
i 1 '.
I
,.
I ! I I r\. I '.1- t . t t _ I 1 'l.. I I I I I I I I I, I I T'\. i I I I j I I I ! I I!
II 1 I I I f 1\ I \ L i I \I I I k I
"LI I' i. 1 i i N I I 1.1: Iii I 1'\.1 i i II I I I I I ! K! I I I i I
.. I I I LIf'\.IL U II j ['I L j I ! 11 L I 1\.1 I! 1 i I I
-_. I I i ,., V.l.!", \ \'-1:1: 1.\ 1 1'.:1 t .\.\ \ i \ I'{
I \\ II I i Ii I \
I, -T: -1:-: i.
,EeL'!.' t ,.
! LI I \ II I ! Ii I !
, , . , , -
t'l \. I X.I L t LL IL\[ .1. \ Li I I I I 1'<.1
I\, I I ....
"
\,
i I I II 1 I
rTTTI
I\! II
;.1 \ LT
\. 1 l)
4.0
i j I
3.8
I
r
3.6 3.4 3.2
'"I t'
1 1 I. I flO,
2.8 3.0 2.&
'1
... .......... C:" . .. __ j
1.6 1.4 1.2 [Q .8 .6 4
"1 [;Cl.:'"
I.F.f.F,cf.:
.2
00
(a) Thrust coefficient.
Figure 11. - Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08) -045 propeller. Rotational speed, 1140 rpm.
w

w
I\)

(")
:t>

I\)
CP
CP
I-'
4.q
,.
3.8
1
3.6
_..F _I I. __

c'
i .1 I ,I \L
-:-:-r:-!.1;; I : IJ rl I
3.4
.1
3.2
I.
-j
IS>
Figure 11. - Continued.
(b) Power coefficient.
'It
JI'
Il'
s=

1.0 1";;-tiBt'i"
m
..
91
'.'.'.' 'c....."... . '.::' ';';:-b
-:-
!:::' ,:. "
L.'
,,' F",LkJ:.LL

:x=-
f-3
!z1
ro
en
en
f-'
1.4

t"

I .... '
"'" :L,:lcj.::
1.---..-.-


t-.....

fcc
I
"l,,'
,/Ll,n"...
..... ..
-'-,Hi.
i""F-
0
" "
,t:,t"I':"I'
;:.'
p!::""...
b ... ,...
r:::LJk_
1',"
L+"'1"\.'
AZL..
t v n-
I
'elY

.
"...
.ILtL:IJrl.b:
[
iL"
.7

"-
.8
E
I,'
F,'
I;
-'.'.-. c c......' 12

,.

.
:.' .......... '............... '.'.'.: :' '.... !....
---- .<' .: - " -- .
:._. ,- " - _....

\ I,'
t::
. l ':
'".:'!:i'-p:'k', ..
'+:
...
_J P:
. -r-:
.... "'. '.",'.'" '.l
t,
--1.
00
t-'." I t-: (.:,;.....
..
t:Yl L I it':;
I"
,- , ,n_ r-CO'l If" I T L. ,-:: "-, ,- 1.-,--., _ , _.,;1;,",
I I f.lf I'f' I>f" r r: I..X-'I';
I ilL l+JI/Lkl-FE,LL...
. , " t.:t f -F J..'l i I
,. I l' I I, IL'I
I II L I 1 I I"
Ib.V'\',':T' I "I"

number
'1+...
Air-stream Mach
... ',:.t
l
: ';,
o'kfif'
o .2
l'cc!:.'j:.'.
I 1t.,1 ./"""
.4 .6
;cP,j' ""
.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
(c) Efficiency.
Figure 11. - Concluded.
LA>
LA>
w
+:-
!-...- "'11IFTF:r:Tii:
;16 1IIIPIILIIII'.'I'I",,4,.'.'.ln" i" i""'" , i , '" , 'J
,- - ',,: .. ,:. ,'"."

3.8\ 3.6
I.
3.4
:L:'
3.0 3.2 2.8 2.6 2:4

L8 2.0 2.2
Advance ratio, J
J:mti.-; 'I;;'::L': . .... F:l: I:"o::.,i'".:
1.6 1.4 1.2 [Q
I L:T_-:T-':'::E"':::.] _-:.J

00

...
.J::.
.1-
(a) Thrust coefficient.
Figure 12.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller. Rotational speed, 1350 rpm.
s;
o
::c>

I\)

I-'

'"

...
~
(")
>
f-3
!2:
2?>
CX>
f-'
4.0
' - ~ T ~ : " " "
3.8 3.6
i-'
3.2 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4
-I
1.8 2.0 2.2
Advance ratio, J
1.6 1.4
- -- 1.2
O ~
o
.0411 j-Lll.lllt ILl
.08Iillllltf'lll] I.IJPIl/ J
.10
.06 II Ll.' n r II1I liiI
.26
.22
.24
.28
.20
.30
~
e.12
<3" .18
1;16.
'0
-
Gi
8.14
(b) Power-coefficient.
LV
\JI
Figure 12. - Continued.
W
0\
L
",.>,I,..J'.. _. [liLlhll.0":p:.jio't ",

i I I l.i'n

1 j. t.':
..
1:+::1:-:. 1.4

I,'.
rt
L
;\

'.
-.:...';
.#IS .......'.'.' .......

,F;'f,
:''';;11>
Jr.
.
I,.""
v
....:..
l'
.
j..;: .....
p
, , , , , '" __ I,.
[.
:LII'I fiil'

/".;."

"';'
.7k""
.9 '.. :.
(c) Efficiency.
Figure 12. - Concluded.

(')
:J>
f-3
!2:
ro

f-'

:4
.6
(.)
c

"-
.8
E
::J
c:
1.0
tt
'f
:-1:;-'
1.2

.. r
Jc
.t-:-:-:n-,.

t:'

t.
"
I
I
I
1".
n
.-;-:, ';.!...
.
. '.:-'
--,j; -
':.;:E--
-=---1;
I
it
.s
r.r

" " : . i;"

,.-.-';'_.. :; "::c.
.0 .:2.' _..".'
__ m
IS,..
'\"

..' 14t ., .......,' '. ..... --

.. .-::
-;. --
L"n
l.
fl,1.Jlc"
k.
1.8 2.0 2.2
Advance ratio, J
I
L
I
I:
1

'-:--.
.1 __
':1
F
1.4
I.-

1.6
+-
1.0
flllz'll! II
1.2
: 1
.8 .6
., fl;j
L
T'
.4
I/J,
.2
..
2 _:.1.J:,I, 1"1 i. I Ii, I.! I
Air-stream Mach numberf
:4 :Helical tip Mach numberb
'n IeCT -,::.L:'L""

.+ _:=:.

.5 .5
;;:
..-
w
"
");
,.
NACA TN 2881
37
.2
o.
. -. .' - .
Advanc, fCltiQ, J
. . . ".:',-.
Q..
0
..
-
c
0)
0
~
1.4
,0)
0
0
...
.;
0
1.2. Q.
"C
. ~
C ..
0
,
>.
..
.0
~
c
I.D 0)
0 0
..
;;:
C
'0-
0)
lLJ
:E
0
..
:i:
.8
...
0).
8
..0
0
E.
. :;j'
1;;
c ..
2 .6.
.c
.c
0
~
0
~
.4
10
..
Figure 13.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08)-045
propeller. Rotational speed, 1500 rpm; "0.75R =45.
- - - ....
.16
.14

w
CX>
1-.
0
.10

-
c::
Q)
'u
-
.08
Q)
0
0
-
If)
::3
.06
.s::.
I-
.04
ratio. J
(a) Thrust coefficient.

(")
:r:-

Figure 14.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08) -045 propeller. Rotational speed, 1600 rpm.
I\)
CX>
CX>
f-'
e
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47
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o
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(a) Air-stream Mach number, 0.57.
Figure 17.- Characteristics of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(00)-045
propeller at high forward speeds. ~ O. 75R = 45
0

48
1.6
2.4
Advance ratio, J
(b) Atr--atream Mach number, 0.60.
Figure 17. - Continued.
NACA TN 2881
1.4
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Figure 17.- _Concluded.
VI
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Figure 18.- Envelope efficiency of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062) -045 propeller at various rotational speeds.

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1350 rpm
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Figure Envelope efficiency of two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08) -045 propeller at various rotational speeds.
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Figure 20.- Comparison of the envelope and the optimum efficiency of a two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08) -045
propeller at 1350 rpm with envelope and the optimum efficiency of a two-blade NACA 4-(3)(08) -045
propeller at corresponding test conditions.
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Figure 21. - Effect of compressibility on the maximum efficiency of the two-blade NACA 10-(3)(062) -045
propeller and of the two-blade NACA 10-(3)(08) -045 propeller. ~ 0 . 7 5 R = 45.
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.. 11
NACATN 2881
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A T W O ~
BLADE NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 PROPELLER.
William Solomon. January 1953. 53p. diagrs.,
photo., tab. (NACA TN 2881. Formerly RM L8E26)
Characteristics are given for the two-blade NACA
10-(3)(062)-045 propeller and for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller over a range of ad-
vance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8, through a blade-angle
range from 20
0
to 55
0
measured at the 0.75 radius.
Maximum efficiencies of the order of 91.5 to 92 per-
cent were obtained for the propellers. The propeller
with the thinner airfoil sections over the outboard
portion of the blades, the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 pro-
peller, had lower losses at high tip speeds, the
difference amounting to about 5 percent at a helical
tip Mach number of 1.10.
Copies obtainable from NACA, Washington
NACATN 2881
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-
BLADE NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 PROPELLER.
William Solomon. January 1953. 53p. dlagns.,
photo., tab. (NACA TN 2881. Formerly RM L8E26)
Characteristics are given for the two-blade NACA
10-(3)(062)-045 propeller and for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller over a range of ad-
vance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8, through a blade-angle
range from 20
0
to 55
0
measured at the 0.75 radius.
Maximum efficiencies of the order of 91.5 to 92 per-
cent were obtained for the propellers. The propeller
with the thinner airfoil sections over the outboard
portion of the blades, the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 pro-
peller, had lower losses at high tip speeds, the
difference amounting to about 5 percent at a helical
tip Mach number of 1.10.
Copies obtainable from NACA, Washington
1. Blade Sections -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 1)
2. Mach Number Effects -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 5)
I. Solomon, William .
II. NACA TN 2881
III. NACA RM L8E26
~
1. Blade Sections -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 1)
2. Mach Number Effects -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 5)
I. Solomon, William
II. NACA TN 2881
III. NACA RM L8E26
~
NACATN 2881
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-
BLADE NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 PROPELLER.
William Solomon. January 1953. 53p. diagrs.,
photo., tab. (NACA TN 2881. Formerly RM L8E26)
Characteristics are given for the two-blade NACA
10-(3)(062)-045 propeller and for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller over a range of ad-
vance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8, through a blade-angle
range from 20
0
to 55
0
measured at the 0.75 radius.
Maximum efficiencies of the order of 91.5 to 92 per-
cent were obtained for the propellers. The propeller
with the thinner airfoil sections over the outboard
portion of the blades, the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 pro-
peller, had lower losses at high tip speeds, the
difference amounting to about 5 percent at a helical
tip Mach number of 1.10.
Copies obtainable from NACA, Washington
NACATN 2881
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-
BLADE NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 PROPELLER.
William Solomon. January 1953. 53p. diagra.,
photo., tab. (NACA TN 2881. Formerly RM L8E26)
Characteristics are given for the two-blade NACA
10-(3)(062)-045 propeller and for the two-blade;
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller over a range of ad-
vance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8, through a blade-angle
range from 20
0
to 55
0
measured at the 0.75 radius.
Maximum efficiencies of the order of 91.5 to 92 per-
cent were obtained for the propellers. The propeller
with the thinner airfoil sections over the outboard
portion of the blades, the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 pro-
peller, had lower losses at high tip speeds, the
difference amounting to about 5 percent at a helical
tip Mach number of 1.10.
Copies obtainable from NACA, Washington
1. Blade Sections -
Propellers (1. 5. 2.1)
2. Mach Number Effects -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 5)
I. Solomon, William
II. NACA TN 2881
III. NACA RM L8E26
~
1. Blade Sections -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 1)
2. Mach Number Effects -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 5)
I. Solomon,--William
II. NACA TN 2881
III. NACA RM L8E26
~

..
"

..

..s=
~
NACA TN 2881
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-
BLADE NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 PROPELLER.
William Solomon. January 1953. 53p. diagr-s.,
photo., tab. (NACA TN 2881. Formerly RM L8E26)
Characteristics are given for the two-blade NACA
10-(3)(062)-045 propeller and for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller over a range of ad-
vance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8, through a blade-angle
range from 20
0
to 55
0
measured at the 0.75 radius.
Maximum efficiencies of the order of 91.5 to 92 per-
cent were obtained for the propellers. The propeller
with the thinner airfoil sections over the outboard
portion of the blades, the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 pro-
peller, had lower losses at high tip speeds, the
difference amounting to about 5 percent at a helical
tip Mach number of 1.10.
. Copies obtainable from NACA. Washington
1. Blade Sections -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 1)
2. Mach Number Effects -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 5)
I. Solomon, William
II. NACA TN 2881
III. NACA RM L8E26
~
NACATN 2881
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-
'BLADE NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 PROPELLER AND.OF
A TWO-BLADE NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 PROPELLER.
William Solomon. January 1953. 53p. diagra.,
photo., tab. (NACA TN 2881. Formerly RM L8E26)
Characteristics are given for the two-blade NACA
10-(3)(062)-045 propeller and for the two-blade
NACA 10-(3)(08)-045 propeller over a range of ad-
vance ratio from 0.5 to 3.8, through a blade-angle
range from 20
0
to 55
0
measured at the 0.75 radius.
Maximum efficiencies of the order of 91.5 to 92 per-
cent were obtained for the propellers. The propeller
with the thinner airfoil sections over the outboard
portion of the blades, the NACA 10-(3)(062)-045 pro-
peller, had lower losses at high tip speeds, the
difference amounting to about 5 percent at a helical
tip Mach number of 1.10.
Copies obtainable from NACA. Washington
1. Blade Sections -
Propellers (1. 5. 2. 1)
2. Mach Number Effects -
Propellers (1. ~ 2 . 5)
I. Solomon, William \
II. NACA TN 2881
III. NACA RM L8E26
~