Professional Documents
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Wireless LAN
T-110.300/301
Background for WAP
Security Layer
WAP HTTP
WAP
handset server,
gateway,
WML to .WML
binary format pages
conversion
WAP Device
Wireless Application Environment
WAP 1.x Stack WAP 2.x Stack
Wireless Application Environment
• A service environment
• Microbrowser
– Wireless Markup Language (WML)
– + WMLscript
– XHTMLMP
– Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Mobile Profile
– Replaces WML (Wireless Markup Language) in WAP 2.0
• Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)
– Integrates WAP and the telephone part of the handset
• Several content formats and services
– vCard and vCalendar
– SyncML data synchronization service
New WAP 2.0 services
• WAP Push
– A push type extension that can send a message from
the WAP proxy to the WAP device
– Used by the MMS service
• User Agent Profile
– Based on the Composite Capabilities / Preference
Profiles work by the W3C
– Sends servers and proxies information about the
terminal capabilities
• Wireless Identity Module WIM
– SIM like model and hardware device for providing
cryptographic services
WAP 2.0 Future
• WML or XHTML?
• WAP stack or TCP/IP?
• Something else?
• Currently nobody knows
• Ad-Hoc
– No structure
– All nodes connect point to point
– No relaying
– Called Independent Basic Service Set
• Access Point mode
– Infrastructure base station
– All traffic from a node to the access point
– A single AP is called Basic Service Set
– The AP is configured to operate on a certain channel
– The stations scan the channels looking for the AP
• Both access points and stations in ad-hoc mode are
identified by SSID (Service Set Identification)
– Commonly referred to as "network name"
The Hidden Node Problem
• CSMA/CA
– Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance
– The 802.11 WLAN family is a lot like the Ethernet (802.3)
– The Collision Detection in the Ethernet CSMA/CD has been
replaced with Collision Avoidance
• Two stations can see the AP, but are located too far to
sense each other's transmissions
– On the co-axial Ethernet all stations can sense each other
• If the stations transmit simultaneously, the AP can not
resolve the colliding data
• Thus a station sends first a Request To Send (RTS) to the
AP
• The AP replies with a Clear To Send (CTS)
• Also, the data is acknowleged (ACK) whe received
Handovers
• Bluetooth
– A Personal Area Network (PAN)
– Range of ~10 m, connects personal devices
– Data rate of ~ 1/2 Mbps
• IEEE 802.16 family
– Broadband Wireless Access (wireless T1)
– Range of ~ 20-50 km
– WiMAX is the industry advocacy group for these
– Might be of interest to for example the rural areas