Professional Documents
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Session Outline
Defining competition and cooperation Competition as a process Psychological studies of competition and cooperation
Competitiveness
Win Orientation
Goal Orientation
Deutschs puzzles: Competition-group students were self-centered, directed efforts at beating others, had closed communication, and exhibited group conflict and distrust; cooperation-group students communicated openly, shared information, developed friendships, and solved more puzzles.
The dynamics of how competition and cooperation complement one another should be taught.
Top performers employ a blend of competition and cooperation strategies.
Action, esp. leading to scoring Personal involvement in the action Closely matched teams Opportunities to reaffirm friendships during the game
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Provide opportunities for both the learning of sport skills and the practice of these skills in competition.
Competitive vs Cooperative Environments (Duda & Hall, 2001; Duda & Whitehead, 1998)
Cooperative Environment Individual progress Effort Progress, effort Part of learning Challenge, personal best Personal progress, learning Developmental learning Dimension How success is defined What is valued How a person is evaluated How mistakes are viewed Why activity is engaged in What a person is focused on What the leader is focused on Competitive Environment Doing better than others Ability Score, winning Failure Extrinsic rewards, recognition Comparison to others Normative comparisons