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1. Introduction
(q, n ~]N; # (.) is M6bius' ~-function) are periodic arithmetical functions satisfying
the orthogonal relations
M (cq cp) = ,fop(q)' q=p (1.2)
~0, q*p'
where (p(.) is Euler-s (p-function and (if the limit exists) M ( f ) = lira N - ~ ~ f(n)
N.-+m n<=N
denotes the mean-value of an arithmetical function f : N~IE. Hence in analogy
to the Fourier theory of real functions one expects Ramanujan-expansions
f ( n ) ~ Y', aq(f)Cq(n) (1.3)
q>l
(if the limits exist). Point-wise convergent expansions of the form f(n)
= f, aq cq(n) for some well-known number-theoretic functions f were first given
o>1
by S. Ramanujan ([16], pp. 259-76) and G.H. Hardy ([8], pp. 263-71), where
in general the aq do not coincide with the Fourier-coefficients (1.4). General
criterions on the existence of (i.3) with (1.4) (including the cases when f is
multiplicative or additive) are due to e.g. Wintrier [22], Delsarte [7], Delange
[6], Schwarz [18], Schwarz-Spilker [19], Tuttas [20] and Hildebrand [9].
516 D. Klusch
where a~(n)= ~ d ~ (heN, sell2) and {(s) is Riemann's zeta-function we prove that
din
f~(n) has an absolutely convergent Fourier-Ramanujan expansion (1.3) with (1.4)
given by an integral of Mellin's type taken along the vertical line c = Re s
1
q~' aq (s = ~7~ i ~ F (s) ~ (s + ~) q -S d s. (1.7)
(c)
(d(n)=~ro(n)) , which are "equivalent" to the prime number theorem ([,14], pp.
568-9) and which do not fit in the popular theory of Ramanujan expansions
([-13], p. 216; [11], pp. 32-6).
2. Theorems
where (c) denotes the vertical line ( c - i ov, c+iov), c > 1. For n ~ N the Fourier-
Ramanujan series ~ aq(f~) G(n) converges absolutely to f~(n).
q>l
(2.6)
aln
Then
n 1-~ w(n)= Z aq(f~) bq(n). (2.7)
q>l
3. Proofs
To prove Theorem 1 we first show that for every n e N the series aq(~)Cq(n)
with q~l
and
aq(e)=O(q -c) (q--*~, c> 1). (3.6)
Hence by Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem it is permissible to invert
the order of summation and integration in (3.4).
Finally we prove that aq(o0 coincides with the Fourier-coefficient aq(fi,)
defined by (1.4). For N e N we have by (3.4) on the line (c), c > 1
1
Hence aq(e)=aq(f~) with a l ( s F(s)((s+e)ds and Theorem 1
is proved. (r
Corollary 1.1 is a simple application of M6bius' inversion formula. By (2.1)
we get the inversion
g~n()-2~i~i~!)
- 1 -
F(s) (Z(s+e)q>=tZq-~-~ cq(n) ds. (3.9)
But
(2(s)= ~ d(q) q-S (Re s > 1). (3.10)
q>l
n) 1
where the last series again converges absolutely for Re(s + c0 > 1. Hence by (2.4),
Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem and (3.1) we get (2.9) with (2.10).
Thus Theorem 2 is proved.
Corollary 2.1 follows from (2.8) and (2.9) using M6bius' inversion formula.
4. Applications
4.1. We here treat some examples from class Ko. By (2.1) and Theorems 1 and 2
fo(n)= • dw(d)= Z aq(fo) Cq(n) (4.1.1)
d[n q> l
and
go(n) = Z dad(fo)= Z w(q) eq(n) (4.1.2)
din q>=l
520 D. Klusch
with
1_
aq(fo) = 2 ~ (!I F(s) ~(s) q-~ ds (c> 1). (4.1.3)
(a) Let F(s)=~ cosec(rcs). Then we have the Mellin transform ([3], p. 345)
1
w(x)= x(x+l) M-l{rcc~ (l<o-=Res<2).
r'(s)
where ~ is Euler's constant and 0 (s) = F ~ (Re s > 0) is the logarithmic derivative
of Euler's F-function satisfying the functional equation ([2], p. 16)
O (s + 1) = O (s) + s - 2. (4.1.4)
Now (4.1.1), (4.1.2) and (4.1.4) yield the expansions
Z ( d + 1) -~ = Z q-2{0( 1 + q - 1 ) + 7 } cq(n), (4.1.5)
din q>- I
1
d(n)+ Ta_l(n)+ ~ d -1 ~p(d-a)= ~ eq(n). (4.1.6)
din q>~l q(q+ 1)
If we use Ramanujan's identities (1.8) and (1.6) (with s-= 2) and the functional
equation (4.1.4) then (4.1.5) reduces to the point-wise convergent expansion
6
rc2 7a-,(n)+~, ( d + l ) - 1 = ~ q-2 0 ( q - l ) Cq(n). (4.1.7)
din q>__l
(b) Now let Re a > 0 , Re s > l and F(s)=sF(s)(2a) -~-~. We then have the
Mellin transform ([3], p. 312)
w(x)= xe- 2~ M - ~ { s r ( s ) ( 2 a ) - ~ - 1}.
Hence
fo(n)= ~ d 2 e-2"a~Ko
din
and by (4.1.3)
aq (f0) = g ~1 ~sF(s)~(s)(2a)_S_lq_Sd s (c> 1),
zc
co(z)+co(z-l)=~-; co(z)-- Z ( 2q-~-i-
- 1)q-x sech {(2q- 1)~zz} (Re -c> 0),
q>-i
due to S. Ramanujan ([17], Chapt. 14), Kiyek and Schmidt ([10]) and the author
([-12]), respectively. For further results of this kind see also B.C. Berndt ([4]).
4.2. We here establish the inverse Mellin transforms of the logarithms of Jacobi's
theta-functions.
Let H={z~ffr Then Dedekind's eta-function is defined for zeH
by
q(z)--q i~ I-[ (1 _q2,), q=e,~i~. (4.2.1)
n>=l
~i z+l
logO2(~)=log2+-~+51ogrl(z)-21ogrl(T)--21ogrl(2) (4.2.5)
gig
where log r/(z) = ~ - + o(1)(z--+ioo).
N o w take v=ix, xslR +. Set, for brevity, q(ix)=q(x) and Oi(ix)=ffi(x )
(i = 2, 3, 4). Consider the Hurwitz zeta-function defined by the series
(s, a) = Y', (n + a)- ~,
n>O
Then by (4.2.8)
w 1 (x) = - 1 {coth (n x) - 1} = M - 1 { _ q~(s)} (4.2.9)
w2(x) = 89{coth(Tr x ) - 1} - {coth(2 r c x ) - 1} = M -1 {(1 --21 -~) ~b(s)} (4.2.10)
Thus by (4.2.9)
log(e ~x/12 q(x)) = M -1 {-- qS(s) ~(s+ 1)} (4.2.13)
Mellin Transforms and Fourier-Ramanujan Expansions 523
qa qkdl
~4"(lh-1~
J-2rci (c)Jf --F(s) ((s) ((s+ 1)(27cq)-Sds (c>1),
which is by (4.2.13)
q aq(fl(1)) = log {e€ s
Formula (4.3.7) has been first given by the author ([11], p. 30). By means of
(1.8) we can eliminate the factor 89in the Fourier-coefficient of (4.3.6) and the
resulting expansion
f(2)(n ) = ~ q-1 log{e~q/4 ff2(q)} Cq(n) (4.3.12)
q~l
is point-wise convergent.
4.4. We now treat some further examples which follow directly from the previous
results.
(a) Since the first theta-function 01 (z Iz) has a zero at z = 0 we consider Jaco-
bi's relation (E21], pp. 470-2) for a01(zlz)
~ z=o=0i(z)
G (~)= 02(~).G(~).o~(~) ( ~ ) .
Define O'l(ix)=ff'l(x ) and by (4.2.9) ws(x)=3w~(x)=-3{coth~x-1}. Then
(4.3.6)-(4.3.11) yield the expansions
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