Solar Passive Design Building, Transport Corporation of India Ltd (TCIL), Gurgaon

General Information: Client: Transport Corporation of India Ltd (TCIL) City: Gurgaon Climate: Composite Operational schedule 6 days and 12 hours Area of the building: 3058m (out of which 2607 m - conditioned area, 451 m - Nonconditioned area)

Green Building Design Features:

Building Design
Orientation

Orientation: NE, SW This helps in receiving less radiation which results in lesser heat gains and reduced the overall air-conditioning requirement and hence saves energy. Proper orientation also helps in receiving natural light and ventilation

Building Height

Minimum height above the ground level to limit exposure to external conditions. Recessed windows to reduce external solar heat gains.

Water Body

Fountain to flow over extensive surfaces to maximize evaporation. Water evaporation has a cooling effect in the surroundings.

Building Envelope
Walls

Insulation helps retain cool in summer and heat in winter, and acts as sound proof. This can create a major impact on indoor thermal comfort of the building.

Compact floor plan with external walls

Window Single glaze recessed windows

Single glazed unit helps in integrating optimum daylight Recessed windows and optimum WWR (Window Wall Ratio) which is less than ECBC standard (40%) helps in reducing external solar heat gain

(SC 0.52, U-value of Glass 5.7 W/m2K)

Roof

35 mm thickness insulation with reflective glazed tile paving U-value = 1.01 W/m2K

The glazed tile reflects heat off the surface because of the high solar reflectivity and infrared emittance which prevents heat gain and thus helps in reducing the cooling load from the building envelope.

Building Lighting
Day light integration

Window area minimized to 14% of the external wall area, small peep windows at seating height and large windows at ceiling level

Small windows at the seating areas can reduce thermal discomfort. The reduced percentage of window area to wall area helps in reducing the external heat gain into the building.
Lighting system

9% (18.10 KW of indoor lighting) of the total connected load for the building. Luminaires used down lighter recessed type CFLs, electronic ballasts used mostly. LPD 5.9 W/m2

The percentage of the lighting load to the total load shows that there is very less percentage of artificial lighting used in the building The electronic ballasts save approx 20-30% in energy consumption over the standard ballasts.

The LPD (5.9 W/m2) is less than the max allowed LPD of ECBC (10.8 W/m2) which is very good.

HVAC system Design

Central plant with 2 vapour chillers Total cooling capacity is 125 TR Co-efficient of performance 4.21 operating Sqmt/TR-39

Energy Efficiency controls

No energy efficient controls

Energy Performance of the Building

Lighting Energy Performance of the Building

Annual consumption (lighting) 69232 kWh Total built space 3058 Lighting performance index 23 kWh/sqmt/annum

Space Conditioning Energy Performance of the Building

Annual consumption (A/C) 376102 kWh HVAC performance index 144 kWh/sqmt/annum Operating cooling demand 39 sqt/TR

Annual energy consumption due to lighting & air conditioning (kWh): 445335 Energy Performance Index of the building (KWh/sq.mts of built up area/annum): 147

Comparison of various parameters for solar passive building (TCIL) with conventional case Parameters Solar passive Case (Existing Building) features Building orientation : Longer facades of the building facing 45 deg to the North Windows, Walls and Roof are not shaded Conventional Case (Building features) Building orientation: Longer facades of the building facing East-West Windows, Walls and Roof are not shaded No insulation on wall and roof. U value for Wall-1.98 W/m2K U Value for Roof: 1.76 W/m2K U- Value of Glass 6.17W/m2K and Shading coefficient 0.61 WWR 11%

Building orientation

Insulation on roof with air gap for walls U value for Wall -1.67W/m2/K U Value for Roof- 1.01 W/m2/K Building Envelope Window glazing : U value of glass - 6.17 W/m2/K and Shading coefficient- 0.52 WWR : 11%

Building Lighting Lighting power density is 6.3 W/m2 Power density Controls Occupancy sensors Building Chiller

Lighting power density 20 W/m2

No controls or sensors PTAC units having EER of 8.4 2 * 62.5 TR Water cooled vapor absorption and Fan power as 0.000134 chiller bhp/cfm 170

Energy performance 147 Index (KWh/m2/yr)

Energy Saving Potential

The conventional case defined above was selected to run different energy saving options and to finally quantify the energy saving potential which can be realized in composite climate by incorporating the low design strategies, ECBC envelope, and the best case (incorporating both low energy strategies and ECBC measures)

Impact of ECBC, Low energy strategies, and ECBC + low energy strategies on conventional case for TCIL building, Composite climate

The above graph shows the variation in the Electrical load (kW), Coil load (TR) and EPI (energy performance index) for all the cases. Parameter comparis Existing on case Low Conventional ca energy se strategy 18% less 25% less than the than the Base case convention convention al case al case 18% less 24% less than the than the Base case convention convention al case al case 14% less 33% less than the than the Base case convention convention al case al case ECBC+Low energy strate gy 41% less 50% less than than the the convention conventional al case case 46% less 57% less than than the the convention conventional al case case 17% less 35% less than than the the convention conventional al vase case ECBC case

Electrical load

Coil Load

EPI

Conventional Building, Noida

General Information: City: Noida Climate: Composite Operational schedule 8 hours, 5 working days in a week Area of the building: 10300m (out of which 9122 m - conditioned area, 1178 m - Nonconditioned area) Function of the building: Office space
Existing Building Design Features:

Building Envelope
Walls

The U-value which is much higher than the ECBC standard (0.44W/m2K) increases the solar heat gain and the energy consumption

Window

1/8 clear single glazed window in thermally unbroken aluminium frames (SC 0.91 U- Value of Glass 6.97W/m2K) WWR 48% Clear single glazed window and WWR which is more than that of ECBC recommended (40%) increases the external solar heat gains and thereby increasing the cooling loads

Roof

The U-value is higher than that of ECBC recommended (0.409 W/m2K). This results in high external solar heat gains and increased cooling loads

Building Lighting
Lighting system

14.3% of the (253kW of indoor lighting, 14kW of outdoor lighting) total connected load

Fluorescent lamps and 12V miniature halogens in working spaces. CFLs in corridors and lift lobbies. Metal halide lamps and High pressure sodium lamps used for external lighting LPD 24W/m2 The LPD (24W/m2) is double than the max allowed LPD of ECBC recommended (10.8W/m2) for office space which has high energy consuming potential Fluorescent lamps generate heat, further increasing the cooling loads Lighting energy consumption: 30%

HVAC System Design

Central AC plant with five 200TR water cooled reciprocating chillers The COP of the chillers is 4.01 (rated) / ECBC recommended is 4.20 Rated Sqft/TR 98

Energy performance of the building

Lighting Energy Performance of the Building

Annual Consumption (lighting) 30% of the total Lighting Performance Index 70 KWh/Sqmt/annum

Space Conditioning Energy Performance of the Building

Annual Consumption (A/C) 70% of the total HVAC Performance Index 183 KWh/Sqmt/annum

Annual energy consumption due to lighting & air conditioning (kWh):2382112 Energy Performance Index of the building (KWh/Sq.mts of built up area/annum):231

ECBC Complaint Building, ITC Green Centre, Gurgaon

General Information: Client: ITC Green centre City: Gurgaon Climate: Composite Operational schedule 10 hours, 5 working days in a week Area of the building: 15,799m (out of which 9294 m - conditioned area, 6505 m - nonconditioned area)
Green Building Design Features:

Building Design

Orientation

Walls

Walls of air-conditioned zones in all blocks L shape design with main entrance towards 230mm AAC block with 70mm stone cladding and 12.5 mm plaster inside north Longer axes along NE and NW directions By L shape configuration, the width of the floor Plate is reduced for the same amount Roof of floor plate area thereby allowing natural light to penetrate deep into the interior spaces. It ensures that part of the faade is always shaded

120mm RCC roof with 76mm ISO board on interior side

Windows

Double glazing window (6-12-6) Glass on north orientation has a lighter light transmission The glazing for the building has been designed to maximize the effect of natural light, largely eliminating the need for artificial light during day time. The high performance window glass, while allowing light inside, does not allow heat and also keeps office cool from inside during the day decreasing the load on HVAC systems

Higher light Transmission Glass on North orientation for better day light integration Optimum WWR which is less than ECBC standard (40%) helps in reducing external solar heat gain

Building Lighting
Lighting system

Luminaires used mostly CFLs and T5 lamps in mirror optic fixtures, 36W fluorescent lamps and magnetic ballasts are used in storages, electrical and mechanical rooms LPD 7.2W/m2

The LPD (7.2W/m2) is less than the max allowed LPD of ECBC (10.8W/m2) which is very good According to Energy Star, CFLs provide the same amount of light as an ordinary bulb using 75% less energy T5 lights have higher efficiency and system miniaturization with daylight life about 18000 hours as compared to 8000 hours of standard fluorescent lamps Good natural light available in office spaces
HVAC System Design

Daylight Controls

Switch off daylight sensors with Philips make (model no. LRI 1430/00 ENEC) Daylight controls switch off lights when daylight is sufficient, reducing the energy consumption of the building

Energy performance of the building

Central AC system with 3 screw chillers of 815 TR capacity COP of the ITC Green Centre: 6.1 ECBC recommended: 5.4 Rated Sq.mt/TR: 18

Lighting Energy Performance of the Building

Annual Consumption (lighting) 121301 KWh Lighting Performance Index 13 KWh/Sqmt/annum

Space Conditioning Energy Performance of the Building

Annual Consumption (A/C) 596829 KWh HVAC Performance Index 64 KWh/Sqmt/annum

Annual energy consumption due to lighting & air conditioning (kWh): 871535 Overall Energy Performance Index due to lighting & air conditioning (kWh/m2): 55

Energy Saving Potential

Comparison of various parameters for ECBC compliant Composite case (ITC Green centre, Gurgaon) with conventional case
Parameters ECBC compliant case (Existing Building) features Building longer axes along NE-NW directions Building design Windows are shaded while roof is not shaded Building Conventional case Building orientation: longer facades facing East-West No roof and wall shading

No insulation on wall and roof U value for Wall - 0.687 W/m2/K

No insulation on wall and roof U value for Wall - 2.7 W/m2/K

Envelope

U Value for Roof - 0.335 W/m2/K

U Value for Roof - 2.68 W/m2/K

Single Glazed windows (U value of Double Glazed windows (U value of glass -1.81 glass -6.97 W/m2/K and Shading W/m2/K and Shading coefficient - 0.26) coefficient - 0.79) WWR 33% WWR 48% Building Lighting Power Lighting power density is 7.2 W/m2 density Controls Building Chiller Energy performance Index (KWh/m2/yr) Daylight controls 3 water cooled screw chillers with COP of 6.1 (rated)

Lighting power density 26.5 W/m2

No controls or sensors 5 water cooled reciprocating chillers with COP of 4.01 (rated)

55

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Impact of Low energy strategies The conventional case was run by incorporating low energy solar passive design strategies on the annual electricity consumption (kWh), electric load (kW) and cooling demand (TR) of the building.
Existing case Parameter Conventional (Low energy comparison case strategies) 12% less than the conventional case 16% less than the conventional case 22% less than the

Electrical load

Base case

Cooling Load

Base case

EPI

Base case

conventional case

Impact of ECBC Recommended Energy Conservation Measures: The conventional case was run by incorporating ECBC envelope on the annual electricity consumption (kWh), electric load (kW) and cooling demand (TR) of the building.
ECBC Parameter Conventional compliant comparison case case 60% less than the conventional case 55% less than the conventional case 55% less than the conventional case

Electrical load

Base case

Cooling Load

Base case

EPI

Base case

Overall Impact of ECBC and low energy strategies: The conventional case was run by incorporating both the low energy solar passive design strategies and ECBC envelope on the annual electricity consumption (kWh), electric load (kW) and cooling demand (TR) of the building.
Parameter Conventional ECBC + Low comparison case Energy Case 64% less than the conventional case 1% less than the

Electrical load

Base case

Cooling

Base case

Load

conventional case 63% less than the conventional case

EPI

Base case

Impact of ECBC, Low energy strategies, and ECBC+low energy strategies on conventional case for ITC building, Gurgaon

The above graph shows the variation in the Electrical load (kW), Coil load (TR) and EPI (energy performance index) for all the cases. The below table gives the comparison of the impact of ECBC, Low energy strategies, and ECBC + low energy strategies on conventional case for ITC Green centre building for a composite climate.
Parameter comparison Existing case Conventional Low energy case strategy ECBC case ECBC+Low energy strategy

59% less than Electrical load the conventional Base case case

12% less than 60% less than 64 % less than the conventional the conventional the conventional case case case

Coil Load

60% less than the conventional Base case case 52% less than the conventional Base case case

16% less than 55% less than 62% less than the conventional the conventional the conventional case case case 22% less than 54% less than 63% less than the conventional the conventional the conventional case vase case

EPI