Passive Voice 1. Present Simple Passive: am/is/are + G-ed/3kol.

People chop down a lot of trees every year. A lot of trees are chopped every year. 2. Past Simple Passive

was/were + G-ed/3kol.
The ancient Greeks built the Acropolis. The Acropolis was built by the ancient Greeks.

3. Present Continuous Passive am/is/are + being + G-ed/3kol.

An expert is restoring the antique car. The antique car is being restored by an expert.

4. Past Continuous Passive was/were + being + G-ed/3kol.

Hijackers were holding the plane passengers hostage. The plane passengers were being held hostage by hijackers. 5. Present Perfect Simple Passive

have/has + been + G-ed/3kol.

The government has increased the tax on cigarettes. The tax on cigarettes has been increased by the government. 6. Past Perfect Simple Passive

had + been + G-ed/3kol.

People had seen the little boy playing in the park. The little boy had been seen playing in the park. 7. Future Simple Passive

will + be + G-ed/3kol.
A number of reporters will meet the professor at the airport. The professor will be met at the airport by a number of reporters. 8. Passive of modal verbs (can/could/may/might/should/must/ought to) can/could/may/might/should/must/ought to + be + G-ed/3kol. Bad weather may delay your flight. Your flight may be delayed by bad weather.

Impersonal and personal passive constructions Present Simple to infinitive (to + G)

eg. People say that she has millions in the bank. - It is said that she has millions in the bank. - She is said to have millions in the bank.

Present Perfect / Past Perfect perfect infinitive (to have + G-ed/3kol.)

eg. Everyone knows that he has been in prison. - It is known that he has been in prison. - He is known to have been in prison. They claimed that he had been there at the time of murder. - It was claimed that he had been there at the time of murder. - He was claimed to have been there at the time of murder.

Past Simple perfect infinitive (to have + G-ed/3kol.)

eg. People thought he inherited a fortune. - It was thought that he inherited a fortune. - He was thought to have inherited a fortune.

Present Continuous / Past Continuous progressive infinitive (to be + G-ing)

eg. Many people believe that the climate is changing. - It is believed that the climate is changing. - The climate is believed to be changing. Everyone thought that they were lying. - It was thought that they were lying. - They were thought to be lying.

Sledei primer nije neki poseban sluaj ve je samo glagol u prezent perfektu. eg. Journalists have reported that this festival is the largest in the world. - It has been reported that the festival is the largest in the world. - This festival has been reported to be the largest in the world.

Conditionals Type O (Zero Conditional) is used to express a general truth or a scientific fact If-clause If you mix red and yellow, present simple main clause you get orange. present simple

Type I is used to express real or very probable situations in the present or future If-clause main clause If he gets paid today, he will treat me to a meal tonight. present simple future simple Type II is used to express unreal, hypothetical, imaginary situations which are unlikely to happen in the present or future If-clause main clause If I won the lottery, I would buy a luxurious flat. past simple (G-ed/2kol.) would + G If-clause If Mike were the manager, umesto was koristi se were main clause he would make lots of changes. would + G

Type III is used to express imaginary situations which were not realized in the past If-clause If Lewis had gone to the party, past perfect simple (had+G-ed/3kol.) main clause he would have seen Jane. would have + G-ed/3kol.

Umesto If mogu se koristiti sledei izrazi: - supposing / suppose eg. Supposing it rains, will you still go for a picnic with him? - providing / provided that eg. Ill pick your clothes up from the dry cleaners provided that I finish work before three oclock. - on condition that - so long as / as long as eg. As long as he is on time, we wont be late for the meeting. - a umesto if not moze se upotrebiti unless zato posle njega ide glagol u potvrdnom a ne odrinom obliku jer unless ve u sebi sadri negaciju a u engleskom u jednoj recenici ne mogu biti dve negacije

eg. Unless it stops snowing, the plane wont take off. (If it doesnt stop snowing, the plane wont take off.) Pored toga to se moe zameniti ovim izrazima if se moe potpuno izostaviti ali se tada vri inverzija pa red rei nije kao u potvrdnom ve kao u upitnom obliku. If you should need my advice, you can call me. Should you need my advice, you can call me. If she were more efficient, she would get a promotion. Were she more efficient, she would get a promotion. If he had arrived on time, he wouldnt have missed the bus. Had he arrived on time, he wouldnt have missed the bus. WISHES - to say that you would like something to be different in the present wish / regret about a present situation we want to be different I wish + past simple If only I wish I were a millionaire. (but Im not) If only you worked more efficiently. (but you dont work more efficiently)
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to express regret about something which happened or didnt happen in the past regret that something happened or didnt happen in the past (regret about the past) I wish + past perfect simple If only I wish I had taken their advice. If only I had gone to Anns party last night. (but I didnt take their advice) (but I didnt go to her party)