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IBIAS III
IV-TEMPERANCE
Bifurcation Blockage
Fatty build-up is more likely to occur in the Y-junction where vessels branch off from the main coronary artery because of changes in blood flow. Narrowing in this region is called bifurcation blockage, and it is treated using special techniques to prop up the vessel.
Microvessel Disease
This type of cardiovascular disease occurs when tiny blood vessels narrow when they should widen. This starves the heart muscle of oxygen and causes chest pain that can impact quality of life. This disease affects women and can be treated by medications to ease pain and lifestyle changes.
Stent Restenosis
When an artery or large blood vessel is treated with a stent to prop open the vessel and allow for healthy blood flow, it can collapse and require medical attention again. An experienced cardiac suggest interventional procedures that will remedy the situation.
CAUSES
Coronary artery disease typically begins when the inside walls of the coronary arteries are damaged because of another health problem, such as:
RISK FACTORS
Risk factors you may be able to change include:
Smoking. High blood pressure. High cholesterol. Diabetes. Obesity. Lack of exercise. Using birth control pills Using hormone therapy after menopause. This risk is higher for some women than others.
Family history . You're more at risk if one or more of your close relatives have or had early CAD. Being male. Men generally develop heart disease 10 years earlier than women do. But women who have diabetes may develop heart disease at a younger age. By age 60, heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in both sexes. Age.
DIAGNOSIS EXAMINATIONS
Electrocardiograph tests use the electrocardiogram to evaluate the electrical activity generated by the heart at rest and with activity. Nuclear imaging is a method of producing images by detecting radiation from different parts of the body after the administration of a radioactive tracer material. Ultrasound tests use ultrasound, or high frequency sound waves, to create graphic images of the heart's structures, pumping action and direction of blood flow. Radiographic tests use x-ray machines or very high-tech machines (CT, MRI) to create pictures of the internal structures of the chest. Invasive testing involves inserting catheters into the blood vessels of the heart to get a closer look at the coronary arteries, or to stimulate and test the electrical system of the heart. Laboratory tests include a number of blood tests used to diagnose and monitor treatment for heart disease. Procedures include procedures used to treat heart disease.
Medical Management
Thrombolytic Therapy A type of medicine given in the hospital through the veins (intravenous) to break up blood clots. Heart attack (caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery) and ischemic stroke (caused by a blood clot in an artery in the brain) are the two main conditions for which thrombolytic medications may be prescribed. Statin Therapy A first line treatment to lower high cholesterol in patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease, statins also provide additional benefits to the blood vessels that result in a decrease incidence in cardiovascular events. Aspirin Therapy in Heart Disease Small doses (80 to 160 mg/day) of this common drug are prescribed for some people to prevent blood clots, decrease pain, and reduce risk of heart attack and stroke. Risks are stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, or bleeding in the brain during stroke. A doctor can make appropriate recommendations.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Arterial Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts Coronary artery bypass surgery involves using grafts from the patients own veins and arteries to form new passageways around blockages. Thoracic arteries in the chest wall are the best grafts, though surgeons continue exploration and perform using veins from the leg, stomach and forearm. Bypass Surgery This procedure can restore normal blood flow to the heart by creating new pathways around blocked arteries, potentially using grafts from the patients own arteries and veins. An opening is made below the blockage. The graft is sewn into the opening to redirect blood flow to the heart.
Bring down high blood pressure. Blood pressure is an indication of the force applied in your arteries as your heart beats. High blood pressure (or hypertension) increases the workload of the heart and kidneys, increasing your risk of a heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease. It is the biggest risk factor for stroke. Control diabetes. Controlling diabetes is essential for reducing your risk of CAD, because diabetes is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and raises the level of LDL and triglycerides, lowers HDL, and elevates blood pressure. In fact, in terms of heart attack risk, someone with diabetes, whether male or female, is put in the same category as someone with proven heart disease and is a candidate for secondary prevention. Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease in women more than in men. Maintain a healthy body weight. The more you weigh, the harder your heart has to work. Overweight individuals are much more subject to cardiovascular disease than are their trim counterparts. Excess weight raises blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, and lowers HDL cholesterol. It also increases your risk of diabetes. How excess weight is distributed is important. Fat concentrated in your midsection puts you at greater cardiovascular risk than extra pounds in the arms and legs. To identify the way your fat is distributed, measure your waist. Waist measurements for women should be less than 35 inches. Men should aim for a waist less than 40 inches. Move your body. Your heart, like any other muscle, needs a workout to stay strong. Activity and exercise, coupled with a healthy body weight, interact with many other risk factors and help you prevent heart disease. Follow a heart-healthy diet. The old saying, "You are what you eat," is true especially when you want to prevent cardiovascular disease. Four cardiac risk factors result from dietary mismanagement: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity. Reduce stress. Several researchers have noted a relationship between cardiovascular disease risk and stressful responses, including free-floating hostility, to everyday events, intimate relationships, and particularly to their socioeconomic status. Limit alcohol consumption. Heavy drinking can raise your blood pressure, increase your risk of heart failure and stroke, as well as cause heart palpitations. It is also linked to obesity and cancer.