C2

STRATEGIC STORAGE OF CRUDE
OIL AT VISAKHAPATNAM
C-2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
BY CHECKED APPROVED
CASO UH GERI
ISSUED FOR BID

Stockholm 24 August 2007
Project No. 2158005

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24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

Strategic Storage of Crude Oil at 1 (56)
Visakhapatnam Project 2158005;
Table of Contents
1 Project Requirements 4
1.1 Definitions 4
1.2 Standards 4
1.3 Units 5
2 Functional requirements 6
3 General design requirements 7

3.1 Design stages 7
3.2 Approval procedure 11
3.3 Start of permanent works 12
3.4 Technical life-time 12
3.5 Drawings and documents 12
3.6 As-built documentation 14
3.7 Safety 14
3.8 Geotechnical Reference Conditions 14
3.9 Observational method 14
3.10 Reporting 14
4 Geotechnical design requirements 15

4.1 General requirements 15
4.2 Loads and forces 16
4.3 In-situ rock stress magnitudes and orientations 17
4.4 Rock mass properties 17
4.5 Design of rock excavation 18
4.6 Design of rock support 19
4.7 Design of the water curtain 21
4.8 Design of grouting 21
4.9 Further investigations 22
5 Civil and structural Design Requirements 23

5.1 General 23
6 Requirements on Material – Rock Works 24

6.1 Concrete 24
6.2 Shotcrete 24
6.3 Water for mixing of Concrete, Shotcrete and Grout 24
6.4 Rock bolts and rock anchors 25
6.5 Injection grout 26
7 Requirements on Material – Other Civil Works 28
8 Requirements on Execution of Works 28

8.1 General 28
8.2 Ground works 32
8.3 Excavation works 33
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8.4 Rock support works 41

8.5 Grouting 50

8.6 Monitoring 52
8.7 Concrete works 52
8.8 Instrumentation and monitoring 53
9 Specific construction requirements 54

9.1 Muck Disposal Area 54
9.2 Access Tunnels 54
9.3 Caverns general 54
9.4 Storage Unit B 54
9.5 Water curtain system 54
9.6 Pump shafts 55
9.7 Concrete Barriers 55
10 Inspection, control and testing 56

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1 Project Requirements
This Technical Specification presents the special requirements for the
underground construction.
For standard specifications to be applied for the Project, ref. Section

C-2.3.
1.1 Definitions
The term “Owner” in the requirements refers to both the Owner and
his representative.
Witness points are all stages in the construction process where

subsequent activities will disguise the quality and/or quantity of the
previous activity thus making inspection and testing unfeasible,
and/or where the subsequent activities will prevent correction of non-
conformities.
Hold points are stages when a specific part or structure is finished

and final inspection and testing is possible.
1.2 Standards
Where applicable, the requirements in these specifications shall
replace corresponding requirements in BIS standards.
Except where specifically pointed out in this Technical Specification,

all design and construction work including the materials used and
methods applied shall be in accordance with one or more
internationally well-recognised standards of practice. By definition
such standards comprise e.g. ASTM (American Society for Testing
and Materials), ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation),
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), IS (Indian
Standard), DIN (German Code), BS (British Standard), SS (Swedish
Standard), EN (European Standard) or equivalent.
See also annexure 2; List of Standards
For tests and investigations in rock masses, the methods suggested

by the ISRM (International Society for Rock Mechanics) shall apply.
For testing of Drillability and Bit Wear Index the SINTEF Project
Report 13A-98 DRILLABILITY Test Methods shall apply.
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For Monitoring / Observational method the guidelines in EUROCODE

7 shall apply.

If, for any reason, the above or equivalent standards are not
available, neither applicable nor reasonable, other relevant standards
shall be proposed and, if accepted by the Owner, used instead.
Where such standards and codes are national, or relate to a

particular country or region, other authoritative standards which
ensure a substantially equal or higher performance than the
standards and codes specified will be accepted subject to the
Owner’s prior review and approval.
Differences between the standards specified and the proposed

alternative standards must be fully described in writing by the
Contractor and submitted to the Owner for review. In the event that
the Owner determines that such proposed deviations do not ensure
substantially equal performance, the Contractor shall comply with the
standards specified above.
If the standards and codes proposed by the Contractor are in other

language than English, a certified English translation shall be
submitted to the Owner. The translation shall have priority if
contradiction occurs.
1.3 Units
All measures, calculations, numerical results, specifications, final
documentation etc., demanded to fulfil the design requirements for
the Works, shall be presented to the Owner in SI-units. Angles shall
be given in the 360 degree system for both Surveyors Work and Civil
Works.
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2 Functional requirements
For specification of functional requirements, operational loads for the
storage facility, ref. Part B, Basic Engineering Design.
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3 General design requirements
The design of all components and structures within the Scope of this
Contract, both temporary and permanent, shall be according to the
requirements given in this document.
The overall design and dimensions of the storage facility, as

presented in part B, Basic Engineering Design, and D, Drawings shall
be strictly adhered to and can not be changed by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall design the specified permanent works and all
necessary temporary works.
The Contractor’s design process shall be to achieve a robust design,

that is a design where the risk of failure or damage to the
Underground Works of this Contract or to a third party from all
reasonably foreseeable causes, and including health and safety
considerations, is extremely remote during construction and the
design lifetime of the Storage Facility. High consequence but low
frequency events that could affect the works or a third party shall also
be considered.
The Contractor’s design documentation shall include a Design Risk

Assessment which shall consider the impact on the design and hence
its implementation of any realistic variation in the design criteria
and/or design values adopted, based on the information available in
relation to the anticipated / proposed methods of construction. The
Design Risk Assessment shall take account of potential failure
mechanisms and include mitigation / contingency measures
appropriate to the anticipated / proposed methods of construction.
The Contractor shall ensure that adequate construction expertise is

made available to undertake formal reviews of the design to assess
and confirm the appropriateness of the design in terms of
Constructability, including health and safety considerations.
The design shall take account of the impact of the staged / sequential
excavations to ensure the feasibility of all construction stages and
hence the appropriateness of the design.
Design programmes shall allow for sufficient time for the appropriate
level of checking.
3.1 Design stages

The Contractor’s design work shall be divided into:
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• Preparation of Design Basis

• Design Phase 1

• Design Phase 2
The Contractor shall carry out all additional site investigations that are
deemed necessary to verify the proposed design.
In addition to the Geotechnical Reference Conditions as specified in

section A-5 the following activities shall be evaluated and
documented before the design phase 1 is finalised:
• Additional geological and geotechnical investigations

• Review of environmental impact from the planned works
3.1.1 Design Basis

The Objective of the Design Basis is to:
• Compile all necessary Design Input from the Owner as defined

in sections B, D and E
• To describe how the material parameters have been

determined and to clearly demonstrate how the Contractor
has understood the Geotechnical, Geological and Hydro
Geological Conditions at site.
• To describe a Design Safety Philosophy, defining the Design

Safety Level and how this will be achieved.
• To identify the possible need for additional site and laboratory

investigations
Deliverable from this phase shall be a Design Basis Report.
3.1.2 Design Phase 1

The Objectives of the Contractor’s Design Phase 1 is to demonstrate
how all legal, technical, functional, environmental, and QEHS
requirements are met.
The Owner’s design for typical rock support as presented in Basic

Engineering Design and drawings shall be evaluated and verified
according to the following as a minimum;
• The presented typical rock support system shall be checked

with a block analysis and shall include the effects from the
various joint sets in the rock mass. The block analysis may
result in adjustments in the support system
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• Analytical calculations on the effects on rock stresses from the
storage caverns and other tunnels shall be performed. Areas
where the rock stress situation needs to be analysed in more
detail shall be identified and also areas where the stress
situation is favourable.
• The critical areas identified from the analytical calculations shall

be analysed by numerical methods.
Design Reports
The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Owner for his review
and acceptance, Design Reports in which the Contractor shall include
the following as a minimum:
• A review of how the storage capacity requirements are fulfilled

• Principle drawings with main dimensions
• Design calculations to support and verify the Design. This shall
include a preliminary proposal of rock classes, based on the Q-
system, together with a rock support system. The proposal shall,
as a minimum, include support systems for the caverns, access
tunnel and shafts. The types and number of rock classes shall be a
sound judgement from the existing data on rock quality.
Calculations, analyses and assessments shall consider the
intermediate stages of construction.
• A summary of results from all tests and investigations which have
been carried out, together with a description of any additional
investigations that are planned for the Detailed Design.
• Blast Design
• Grout Design
• Description of Design Methods, Software etc. intended for use
during the Design Phase 2.
• A description of monitoring / instrumentation in different areas and
structures.
• Procedures for the evaluation of monitoring data, geological
mapping and other observations during underground construction
and how the data are used for validation and optimisation of the
Design.
• Environmental mitigation and monitoring plan
• Quality plans for the design work which shall include design
interface coordination
• A list of project requirements that effects the design
• A Risk Register of hazards identified during the Design phase 1.
• A delivery schedule of planned design packages for Design Phase
2
Construction Method Statements
The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Owner for his review
and acceptance a Construction Method Report. This report shall
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relate to the Design report and shall include the following as a

minimum:

• A description on construction methods for all major works, e. g.
tunnel and shaft excavation, rock support, grouting, drilling of
water curtain, drainage, dewatering and ground water level control,
working water and seepage water control, concrete works. The
description shall include relevant construction requirements from
this document and how to fulfil them.
• Layout drawings for temporary works, including access roads to
Shafts and Rock Disposal Area
• Principle layout of construction plants
• Detailed information on site offices and camp
• Survey and Measurements
• Drilling and Blasting
• A basic report on the environmental impact from temporary works
and construction methods
• A list of the quality plans to be established for the construction
works
• A plan for disposal of tunnel spoils in the plant area as well as in
the disposal area
• Procedures identifying how all requirements and risks identified in
the Design are transferred to and co-ordinated with the processes
for production planning and management.
Deliverables from this phase shall be, as a minimum;
• Design Planning report
• Design Calculations Report
• Delivery schedule for design phase 2
• Risk Register
• Drawings
3.1.3 Design Phase 2

Design for Construction
The Contractor shall make the necessary Detailed Design for

construction of the project. For each structural part of the project the
Contractor shall submit to the Owner for his review and acceptance
the following documentation as a minimum:
• Description of the structural parts of the project. Where applicable,

the rock support system in combination with the rock mass shall be
considered a structural part.
• Review of assumptions and design philosophies adopted.
• Design criteria, loads and load cases used.
• Short description of analyses methods, computer programs etc.
• Summary of calculations and main results of the detailed design
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analyses

• Detailed design drawings, specifications and methodology as
required
• 3-dimensional rock mechanical calculations are required for the
eastern part of the storage and shall include all tunnels, caverns
and shafts. Influence from the ground/rock surface and in-situ rock
stresses shall be included
• An update of the Risk Register developed during design phase 1.
The design shall support and be co-ordinated with the construction

schedule and Work Procedures to ensure that the construction works
can start as planned and be performed according to the time
schedule.
The Contractor shall elaborate detailed planning documents, method

statements and work procedures for the Owner's review.
The documents shall as a minimum cover the following items;
• Objective and Scope

• Reference documents, including all relevant design reports
• Organisation and Responsibilities
• Equipment
• Description of the Works
• Control plans and checklists including Witness Points and Hold
Points
• Risk Analysis
• Health&Safety, Environmental Risk Analysis
Deliverables for this design phase shall be, as a minimum;
• Design Calculation Report
• Risk Register
• Working Drawings
• Work Procedures
3.2 Approval procedure

No construction works shall be started until a statement of “No
Objection for Construction” to the design concerned has been issued
by the Owner. The statement of “No Objection for Construction” will
not relieve the Contractor of any responsibility.
The Contractor shall incorporate and perform any corrections

required by the Owner.
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The Contractor shall in his planning give allowance for the Owner’s
review, as follows;

• Design Basis – 4 weeks
• Design Phase 1 – 4 weeks. Design Phase 1 shall be submitted

as one complete package
• Design phase 2 – 2 weeks per design package.
The stipulated periods for the Owner’s review are valid subject to
submissions according to schedule.
Geotechnical design documents which shall be reviewed by the

Owner shall be complete including drawings and reports on input
data, calculations and results so that the design work can be followed
and understood.
The Contractor shall at any time give access for the Owner to his
Design Centre for co-ordination and inspection.
3.3 Start of permanent works

The Contractor will not be allowed to start the permanent work for a
particular part, until the following requirements are fulfilled:
• The Design Basis and Design Phase 1 shall be complete and

reviewed by the Owner.
• The Design Phase 2 package for the specific part shall be
complete and reviewed by the Owner.
3.4 Technical life-time

Permanent Structural Works shall have a technical lifetime of 60
years.
Temporary Structural Works shall have a technical lifetime of 5 years.
The Contractor shall inform the Owner of such specific parts or

components in the design that have a shorter technical lifetime than
the requirements. Such parts or components shall not be
implemented in the Works without the approval of the Owner.
All material and equipment used in the project shall be of a

recognised manufacturer and from a proven design.
3.5 Drawings and documents

All drawings shall be produced with CAD technique with Auto-CAD
release 2005. Reports shall be produced with programs available in
Microsoft Office or compatible with those.
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Drawings for underground works shall present the following items as
minimum requirements;
• Legend (possibly on a separate drawing)
• Evaluated / interpreted information on geotechnical, geological

and hydro geological data
• Temporary and permanent rock support to be presented at

separate sets of drawings
• Separate drawings for gallery and benches
• Plant North Direction
• Orientation figure showing the location of the section concerned
• Reference and control points relating to survey grids being used
• Chainage
• Ground level, top of rock level, ground water level
• Rock Support quantities and types
• Type and quantities for Rock Mass Grouting
• Mix design for grouting of Rock Mass and Rock Bolts
• Mix design for Shotcrete, including Fibres and Additives
• Type of Cement Additives and w/c ratio
• Instructions in addition to Work Procedures, where needed
• References to other valid documents such as Technical

Specifications, Work Procedures, Control programs and -
plans, other drawings, etc.
• Details for Rock Bolts, Shotcrete Support, etc.
• Drawings to be continuously updated during the works to

ensure that the final version will describe the as-built
conditions, as encountered and performed during the
excavation.
All documents and drawings shall be delivered to the Owner’s office

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in digital as well as in paper form. Each digital document and drawing

delivery to the Owner’s office shall be accompanied with a hardcopy

in A3 and A1-format for drawings and A4-format for text documents.
Documents shall be signed by the originator, the reviewer and the
responsible designer/engineer as per the Contractor’s QM system. All
deliveries shall include a list of the documents and their status.
The Contractor shall provide necessary staff and computer equipment

at the site to make necessary revisions of the drawings and
documents.
3.6 As-built documentation

The As-Built Documentation of the Underground Works is specified in
part A-4.
3.7 Safety
The design shall be safe and robust with allowance for unforeseen
loads and varying geotechnical conditions.
The design shall take full account of constructional and operational

risks, including provision of a high level of safety.
3.8 Geotechnical Reference Conditions

Geotechnical Reference Conditions are defined in A-5, “Geotechnical
Reference Conditions”.
3.9 Observational method

The design and execution of rock support shall be according to the
observational method.
Based upon design calculations and other appropriate input, the

Contractor’s design shall establish trigger values and limit values for
parameters being monitored. Appropriate action shall be proposed if
such values are exceeded during construction.
3.10 Reporting
Ref. Sections A-3.5, A-3.6, A-3.10, A-3.13
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4 Geotechnical design requirements
4.1 General requirements

The requirements regarding Geotechnical Design are given to ensure
the quality, lifetime, future maintenance and overall safety of
structures that depends on the Geotechnical Design.
The geotechnical design shall be based on state-of-the-art practice

and shall be clearly presented so that the methodology and results
can be readily understood. The validity of Material Models used in the
design shall be verified by monitoring and other observations during
the construction phase.
The Contractor shall, as a part of his Design Basis, compile

information regarding geotechnical, geological and hydro geological
conditions, to the degree of detailing required producing his Detail
Design.
If deemed necessary, the Contractor shall perform supplementary

geotechnical, geological or hydro geological investigations. Such
investigations shall be performed to the same technical specifications
as have been used in the Owner’s site investigations.
Geotechnical design shall be based on Characteristic Values for soil

and rock material and Design Values for support. Characteristic
Values shall in the normal case be determined as Mean Values. A
scale factor and weakness zones / discontinuities shall be taken in
consideration in the determination of characteristic values for Rock
Mass parameters.
The geotechnical design shall include monitoring and verification

measures on the function of specific structures and the measures
shall be executed during the construction works to verify the design
and design basis.
The geotechnical design requirements shall be used for the following

project components:
• Soil and rock foundations

• Soil and rock cuts
• Earth and rock slopes
• Tunnel and cavern excavations
• Shaft excavations
• Other structures where a geotechnical design has been identified
in the Design phase 1.
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The Design in Phases 1 and 2 of geotechnical components shall

include the following:

• Comprehensive evaluation of geotechnical data
• Additional site and lab investigations and analysis that has been
performed by the Contractor.
• Site characterisation, i. e. a definition of the engineering
characteristics of the soil and rock masses
• Rock mass classification, see also chapter 4.4.1.
• Mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness parameters
of soil and rock.
• Support and stabilisation measures including calculations to verify
the long-term stability of the design.
• Description of the construction methods for a particular project
component.
The Contractor is fully responsible for the design and functionality of
all project components except the parts listed below. The Contractor
is also responsible for the additional site investigations and the
analysis and conclusions based on these investigations.
The following project components shall be excluded from the

geotechnical design requirements and are the responsibility of the
Owner, who will provide the Detail Design:
• Water Curtain System

• Cavern floors
• Concrete Plugs/Barriers in Tunnels
• Shafts including Concrete Plugs/Barriers
• Pump pits in Caverns
4.2 Loads and forces
4.2.1 General
The following loads shall be considered in the geotechnical design:
• Dead loads
• Pore pressure and uplift
• Active soil pressure
• At rest soil pressure
• Passive soil pressure
• Earthquake loads, zone II, Indian Code
• In-situ rock stresses
• Operational loads and other loads, as specified in section B., Basic
Engineering Design.
For the Design of Rock Mass Grouting and Systems for Discharge of
in leaking water, the Ground Water Level shall be set at the ground
level.
4.2.2 Pore pressure / Uplift
Pore pressures shall be derived from existing site investigations or
from additional site investigations, performed by the Contractor.
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Pore pressures and uplift shall be considered for both full and empty
caverns, whichever is the most severe load condition.

Pore pressures shall take into account the water pressure from the
water curtain.
4.2.3 Active soil pressure

Active pressure towards a vertical or sub-vertical surface shall be
calculated with Rankine’s or Coulomb’s theory, as appropriate. Active
pressure shall be considered when the surface moves or tilts at least
1/1000 of its height from the soil.
4.2.4 At rest soil pressure

At rest soil pressure towards a vertical or sub-vertical surface shall be
considered when the surface moves or tilts less than 1/1000 of its
height from the load.
4.2.5 Passive soil pressure

Passive pressure towards a vertical or sub-vertical surface shall be
calculated with Rankine’s or Coulomb’s theory, as appropriate.
Passive pressure shall be considered when the surface moves or tilts
at least 1/100 of its height towards the soil.
4.3 In-situ rock stress magnitudes and orientations

Magnitudes and orientations on in-situ rock stresses are given in
section B, Basic Engineering Design.
4.4 Rock mass properties
4.4.1 Rock mass classification

For rock mass classification, the Rock Tunnelling Quality Index (Q-
index) proposed by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (Barton et
al, 1974), shall apply. The classification system shall identify rock
classes as they are defined in chapter 8.3 Excavation works.
4.4.2 Discontinuity properties

Average shear strength values shall be determined for the principal
discontinuities based on precedent experience and an assessment of
the nature of the discontinuity surfaces recovered during the
complementary site investigation programme managed by the
Contractor, if applicable.
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4.4.3 Rock mass failure criterion
For stability analyses in the design process, the Contractor shall use
either Mohr-Coulomb’s or Hoek-Brown’s failure criterion, as
appropriate.
4.4.4 Intact rock strength

The intact uniaxial compressive strength of the rock values shall be
determined by means of point load testing and/or unconfined
compression strength testing on selected rock core samples obtained
from the relevant rock structures.
4.4.5 Rock mass deformability

Deformation modulus values for the rock mass shall be determined
on the basis of correlation between the rock mass classification
system and deformation modulus established by Grimstad & Barton
(1993).
4.5 Design of rock excavation

Rock excavations shall be designed so that de-stressed areas are
well within the bolted part of the rock mass around tunnels and
caverns. The rock support shall be designed for the gravity load from
all de-stressed areas in the rock mass in addition to other loads. The
design of the rock excavation shall account for ambient conditions,
type of rock support, final finishes of the underground structures, etc.
At the locations of the concrete plugs the damages from excavation

shall be minimized. The exact locations of the plugs shall be decided
on site by the Owner. The decision will be based on rock quality, drill
precision and blasting damage as well as distance to the cavern.
The rock excavation design shall comprise:
• Excavation methods for tunnels, caverns, shafts and any other

type of excavation
• Equipment lists for excavation, ventilation, rock support, grouting,
water control, monitoring, etc.
• Working procedures with method statements for specific work
sequences, e.g. drilling, blasting including contour blasting, boring,
ventilation, scaling, loading, installation of supports, grouting,
engineering geological mapping, measurement surveys,
monitoring, final finishes, etc.
• Technical data for the rock excavation to be submitted to the
Owner, e.g. if utilising drill-and-blast technique, drill pattern for
blast, type of explosives, round cycle time, advancing rate,
vibration levels, disturbance to the surrounding rock, ventilation
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capacity, boring rate, etc.

• Safety measures and procedures

• Time schedules
4.6 Design of rock support

The Contractor’s Design shall comprise the following:
• Verification of the type of rock support for each rock mass class
• Verification of materials for rock support
• Manufacturing data of support materials
• Verification of equipment for the installation of rock support
• All geological data and other input data for the design of rock
support
Rock Support for the underground structures requires the definition of
the most likely failure mechanism for the anticipated rock condition
and loading environment. Rock support shall be designed so as to
assist the rock arch surrounding the excavation to support itself under
the assumed loading conditions thereby providing the maximum
safety at the minimum economical cost.
All permanent steel support shall be corrosion protected, i.e. cement

or resin grouted.
Failure mechanisms in rock can generally be divided into two broad

categories:
• Structurally induced instabilities

• Instabilities due to overstressing of the excavation boundary
To analyse these failure mechanisms, rock support design shall be

performed according to the following procedures.
(i) On the basis of the results of the geotechnical investigations,

the engineering characteristics of the rock mass shall be established.
(ii) The various geological rock types shall be classified and

preliminary estimates of support shall be made. For other rock
excavations, such as slopes and shafts, the Contractor shall present
in his design the classification system he intends to use. Detailed
description of each rock class shall be given clearly and
comprehensively.
(iii) For each class of rock determined for large diameter

underground structures or structures subjected to high in situ
stresses, numerical analyses by means of e.g. finite element
methods, boundary element methods etc. shall be performed. The
numerical computations shall involve utilisation of internationally well
recognised computer codes. The analyses aim at establishing the
range of rock mass conditions in which stress related instabilities are
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most likely to develop.

(iv) Where the results of the numerical analyses indicate linear
elastic behaviour of a given class of rock under the anticipated
loading conditions, limit equilibrium analyses, using internationally
well recognised computer programs, shall be used to assess rock
support requirements. Average discontinuity characteristics and
typical support loadings shall be input in order to establish the levels
of support required to ensure that the rigid blocks (wedges), which
are found to be free to fall from the crown and walls of the
underground structure, are adequately restrained.
(v) When the results of the numerical analyses indicate that the
stress levels generated by the underground opening may lead to the
formation of inelastic or squeezing zones around the opening, further
analysis using Mohr-Coulomb’s or Hoek-Brown’s failure criteria as
appropriate shall be performed. For squeezing ground predictions, an
analysis using a time-dependent rock model shall be carried out.
These methods permit the determination of the support levels
required to limit stress-induced deformations to acceptable levels and
to ensure long-term stability of the "loosened" rock surrounding the
openings.
(vi) Optimum rock support system for each rock class and loading
conditions shall be determined based on the above analyses.
Contingency measures for unexpected rock conditions shall also be
prepared.
The long term stability of underground openings shall be checked

under the conditions that the rock mass is fully saturated with water
and the water curtain is pressurised to the operational levels as
specified in section B, Basic Engineering Design.
All Rock Support shall be presented on drawings.
All input data, basis for the input data, analysis procedures and the
results of all analyses performed, shall be well documented and
presented to the Owner.
The entire shafts, pump pits and cavern roofs and abutments shall be
supported by systematic bolting and fibre reinforced shotcrete
(minimum 50 mm) irrespective of Rock Mass Class.
The basis for rock support of cavern walls shall be reviewed at hold
points during excavation of first and second bench. The Owner shall
at these points review monitoring results and acceptability of the
Contractor’s rock support as proposed and executed.
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4.7 Design of the water curtain
Documents for Construction and testing will be provided by the
Owner
4.8 Design of grouting

The Contractor shall demonstrate on drawings in the Design Phase 1
the location, direction and depth of the various bore holes together
with the type of grouting. The exact location, spacing, direction and
depth shall not be fixed in the design but depend on the various
nature of the rock. The Design in phase 1shall also describe the
various types of investigations and tests to be carried out for a
specific type of injection. Based on the results from such
investigations and tests, the Contractor shall specify how this
influences the selection of the injection parameters and methodology
of that particular injection work. The specification shall contain
information of borehole geometry, drilling order of the various
boreholes, injection sequence both within a single borehole and
between a group of holes, water-cement ratio together with any types
and quantities of additives for all mixes to be used, pressure during
injection and stop criteria for a single injection sequence.
When deemed necessary, the Contractor shall also describe methods

to measure the effectiveness of an injection operation, criteria for
additional works to satisfy stipulated demands and a methodology for
these works.
The following grouting operations shall be described with detailed

solutions in the Design Phase 1:
• Rock Mass Grouting in water curtain tunnel

• Rock Mass Grouting in access tunnel
• Rock Mass Grouting in caverns
• Rock Mass Grouting in shafts
The Contractor shall maintain and keep accessible to the Owner a

register of all injections including descriptions of the operations,
injected volumes, injection pressures and change of mixes.
The Contractor shall produce a Method Statement for the Injection

Works in which he shall give detailed description of the methodology
which he intends to use as well as the equipment he intends to use.
The document shall contain information given in the former section
and contain information over the following areas: (i) Equipment, (ii)
Injection material, (iii) Definition and Methodology for various types of
injection, (iv) Data Logger and (v) Control Measures.
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The principles and requirements in section 0 apply.

4.9 Further investigations
The Contractor is obligated to perform any additional field
investigations and laboratory investigations or any other types of
measures that the Contractor deems necessary for fulfilling the
design and construction requirements.
The Water Curtain Tunnel shall as far as possible be utilised for hydro
geological tests, grouting trials etc. for assessment of grouting
requirements in the Water Curtain and the Caverns below.
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5 Civil and structural Design Requirements
5.1 General
Detail Design for Concrete Plugs in tunnels, cavern floor and pump pit
will be provided by the Owner.
For other items ref. section C-2.3

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6 Requirements on Material – Rock Works
6.1 Concrete
This work shall consist of furnishing and placing concrete for
structures, including cooling pipes and grouting as indicated in the
contract documents or as directed by the Owner.
Concrete shall be Grade M 40.
For all the materials requirements according to standard specification

for plain and reinforced concrete 6-68-0004, Rev 3 and 6-68-0002,
Rev 2, shall apply.
6.2 Shotcrete
Shotcrete shall be of strength class C32/40 according to EN 206-1.
The bond strength between shotcrete and rock surface shall be = 0.5
MPa and between shotcrete layers = 1.0 MPa.
Fibres shall be steel fibres with a minimum amount of 50 kg/m 3.
Fibres shall be made of hard drawn wire, have a circular cross

section, hooked ends and be manufactured for purpose of shotcrete
reinforcement.
• Yield strength shall exceed 1000 MPa
• Nominal length shall be between 25 and 50 mm
• Aspect ratio /L/D) shall be greater than 50
Application of shotcrete shall be with the “wet” method.
Additives may be used provided that the required properties of the

shotcrete are not affected. Additives shall be approved by the Owner.
Chlorides shall not be added to the shotcrete.
The composition of the shotcrete and type and amount of fibres shall
be chosen by the Contractor and the properties shall be verified
based on the suitability tests.
Requirements on suitability tests and continuous tests are given in

the control programme. (Annexure 1).
6.3 Water for mixing of Concrete, Shotcrete and Grout

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Only fresh water is allowed.


Water shall contain less than;
• 2 g of salt per litre
• 2 g of organic matter per litre
• Sulphides 250 mg/ litre
• Magnesium 125 mg / litre
Chlorides shall be less than 600 g / m 3 of concrete / shotcrete.
Carbon from organic matter shall be less than 450 g / m 3 of concrete /

shotcrete.
The Contractor shall carry out water analyses before work

commences and the results shall be presented to the Owner.
6.4 Rock bolts and rock anchors

The yield strength shall be 460 MPa or more.
The yield strain shall be 5% or more.
The material for rock bolts shall be steel bars according to SS-EN
10080.
The requirements for rock bolts apply for the complete system of bolt,
washer and nut.
The diameter of rock bolts shall be 25 mm.
The washers shall have a minimum diameter of 150 mm and a

minimum thickness of 6 mm.
The grout for injection of rock bolts shall be of sulphur-resistant,

standard Portland cement with a water/cement-ratio of less than 0.35.
Corrosive protection for rock bolts inside the rock mass shall be
achieved through the use of 10 mm grout around the bolt combined
with a centralising device.
Corrosive protection for rock anchors shall be according to the

system of “double protection” as adopted by e.g. the Dywidag-system
or similar.
Corrosive protection for bolt ends, washer and nut exposed in the
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access tunnel and water curtain tunnels shall be 30 mm of plain

shotcrete.

Corrosive protection for bolt ends, washer and nut exposed in the
caverns shall be 50 mm plain shotcrete.
6.5 Injection grout

The contractor shall present two types of injections grouts according
to the requirements given in the table below.
Grout type A and B shall be based on injection cement. Injection

cement is defined as cement where 95% shall pass a 30 µm sieve.
Grout A Grout B
Cement Injection cement Injection cement
water/cement ratio Water/cement ratio

0.8 0.6
Particle size = 30 µm1) = 30 µm1)
Yield value = 1.0 Pa = 3.0 Pa
Filter stability = 200 ml2) = 200 ml2)
Water separation = 4.5 % =2%
Volume change = 4.5 % =2 %
Hardening time = 12 h = 10 h
Shear resistance = 0.2 kPa = 0.3 kPa

after 4 h
Shear resistance = 15 kPa = 50 kPa

after 12 h
1) Based on 95% passing volume
2) Sieve size 125 µm
Requirements on Marsh cone time and density (mud balance

method) shall be determined from Suitability Tests.
Injection with standard cement may be an alternative if the grout

types A and B give large amounts of injected volume. Such injections
shall be approved by the Owner.
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Additives may be used to fulfil the requirements above. Additives
shall be approved by the Owner. Additives containing chloride may
not be used.
Chemical grouts can be used in special cases after the approval of

the Owner.
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7 Requirements on Material – Other Civil Works
Ref. section C-2.3
8 Requirements on Execution of Works
8.1 General
The construction requirements give the minimum requirements for the
construction of the Works.
Notwithstanding that the Contractor shall follow the minimum quality

requirements for material and workmanship, as given in these
Technical Specifications, the Contractor shall satisfy himself that all
materials used and that all his standards for workmanship are
adequate to achieve the requirements of the design and construction
criteria and the completed works shall be suitable for the purpose
intended.
The Contractor shall provide safe access to work areas for

inspections by the Owner at any time.
The Contractor shall facilitate inspections when required by the

Owner, by providing manpower, lighting, elevating platforms,
equipment, washing, etc.
8.1.1 Quality control

Ref also section A-3.14.
When the Contractor establishes the Quality System required by this

document, the work procedures and inspection plans shall include the
construction requirements for both materials and workmanship.
The work procedures and inspection plans shall include:
• Acceptance criteria, witness points and hold points specified in the

construction requirements or in any standard or code adopted by
the Contractor.
All identified risks that were identified during the design process, as
stated in section 3.1, shall be reviewed and measures shall be
described and included in the works. The Risk Register shall be
continuously updated. Works with insufficient risk reducing measures
will not be allowed to start by the Owner.
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The Contractor shall issue relevant work procedures and inspection

plans for the Owner's review at least 4 weeks prior to the

commencement of each main activity, unless stricter demands are
specified in special cases. All inspections shall be documented and
the result clearly stated as “approved” or the Contractor must correct
the cause.
The Owner reserves the right to:
• Include further stages as witness or hold points if these are

considered to have been omitted by the Contractor.
• Change the designation of any stage from a witness point to a hold
point should this be deemed necessary.
All materials are to be identifiable and traceable, unless otherwise

stated.
8.1.2 Environmental impact

Ref also section A-3.11
The Contractor shall establish an environmental mitigation and

monitoring plan, for the design, planning, construction, completion
and handing over. The contractor shall regularly deliver
Environmental Monitoring Reports during the Project implementation
to the Owner.
Such a Plan shall address all relevant environmental issues the

following as a minimum:
• Monitoring water quality from the underground parts

• Location, handling and rehabilitation of quarries
• Location, handling and rehabilitation of spoil dumps
• Housekeeping and waste management
• Work-force training and education and any other subjects
necessary to adequately mitigate the expected impacts of the
construction project
• Measures to minimize disturbance of the fauna and flora during
construction
• Sewage treatment and handling of domestic wastes
• Health precautions (screening and treatment of the work force)
8.1.3 Setting out of the works

The Contractor shall make the setting out of the Works according to
the drawings and the Contract.
The Contractor shall carefully protect all the survey reference points,
bench marks, control points from any damage and shall maintain
them and repair or replace any points damaged from any cause
whatsoever.
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All the survey work shall be carried out as per well established sound
survey practices and by qualified and competent surveyors under the
direct supervision of qualified engineers.
In order to have continuity, all the survey works shall have the same
horizontal and vertical control used in earlier survey campaign.
8.1.4 Tolerances
For the underground works the following shall apply:
Contours of Tunnels: 20 cm inside (under break) and 40 cm outside

(over break) theoretical line
Contours of Caverns: 0 cm inside (under break) and 40 cm outside

(over break) theoretical line
Contours of shafts: 0 cm inside (under break) and 40 cm outside

(over break) theoretical line.
Boreholes for Water Curtain, grouting and contour blasting: 5%

alignment deviation.
Positioning of boreholes: 5 cm.
Cavern floor: Pending the Owner’s Detail Design.
Concrete Plugs: Pending the Owner’s Detail Design.
8.1.5 Temporary works

The Contractor shall ensure that all Temporary Works are properly
designed and that the safety of Persons and Works has been
properly considered.
8.1.6 Protection of Works

All finished Works shall be protected from damage which could arise
from other construction activities. Damage caused by the Contractor
shall be repaired at the expense of the Contractor.
8.1.7 Materials
Current certificates of tests by manufacturers shall be made available
for inspection by the Owner at all times. Such certificates shall relate
to the materials delivered to the Site and Contractor’s work areas.
Certified true copies of certificate may be submitted if the original
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certificates cannot be obtained from the manufacturer. A letter from

the supplier certifying that the certificates are related to the delivered
materials shall be submitted with the certificates.
Parts and/or materials, which are to be assembled on the Sites and

Contractor's Works Areas, shall be marked to identify the component
parts.
Materials which are specified by means of trade or proprietary names

may be substituted by the equivalent materials from a different
manufacturer provided that the materials are of the same or better
quality and comply with the specified requirements and are reviewed
and accepted by the Owner.
Samples of materials submitted to the Owner for information or

examination will be kept on Site or on Contractor's works areas and
shall not be returned to the Contractor until completion of the Works
or until being used in the Permanent Work. These samples shall be
used as a means for comparison against which the Owner shall
determine the quality of the materials subsequently delivered.
Materials delivered to the Site and Contractor’s works areas for use in
the Permanent Works shall be of the same or better quality than the
samples.
All materials and goods shall be stored strictly in accordance with the
manufacturers’ instructions so as to insure no deterioration occur
prior to incorporation in the Works.
Materials and goods shall be stored in such a manner that no harm

can be caused to people’s health or the environment.
8.1.8 Discharge water quality conditions

Waste of oil, fuel, paints, chemical substances and solutions are not
allowed to be discharged into dewatering systems and shall be
disposed of in accordance with environmental regulations and
permits.
In case of an environmental emergency situation (e.g. oil spills or

chemical spills), the Contractor shall immediately notify the Owner.
Advance notification shall also be given, if there is any inherent risk

that a given event may develop into an emergency.
8.1.9 Percussion drilling

The requirements here apply for drilling for probe holes, grouting,
water pressure tests, boreholes for rock bolts and rock anchors.
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The pumps for flushing of bore holes shall have a capacity of
minimum 0.6 MPa.
The diameter shall be minimum 45 mm unless other requirements

results in larger diameters.
The equipment shall be capable of drilling lengths up to 50 m. At

lengths exceeding 15 m, a stabilising rod shall be used to minimise
deviation.
Drilling shall use fresh water for drilling fluid. Lubricants or drill mud is
not permitted.
Equipment for deviation measurement shall be kept on site.
8.1.10 Core drilling

Additional core drilling shall be performed with similar methods and
equipment as have been used in the Owner’s site investigations,
which are referred to in section E-1.1.
8.2 Ground works
8.2.1 General
This section applies for the Portal for the Access Tunnel and the
Shafts.
The foundation preparation consist of all work necessary for the final
preparation of surfaces for placing of Concrete or Fill Material as
presented in the Contractor’s Design.
8.2.2 Clearing
Foundation preparation includes the removal of topsoil, loose material
in general and organic material. The Contractor shall perform clearing
of the sites for the foundation of structures as indicated on drawings
presented in his Design. Clearing shall consist of cutting and disposal
of standing trees and bushes, the removal and disposing of all
shrubs, debris and all other perishable materials including fallen trees
and logs.
Top soil shall be excavated and disposed of together with the

underlying material, provided this material is not to be used in the
Works. Overall, foundation areas shall be kept well drained after
having been cleared.
8.2.3 Foundation Preparation for Concrete Structures

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Foundations shall be on rock surface.

The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned from loose and organic
materials, and all materials shall be removed from cavities, potholes
and exposed open joints and cracks. Seams filled with sand or clay
shall be cleaned to a depth of two times the width of the seam. Water
shall be excluded from foundation areas in such a manner that the
concrete or fill to be placed is unaffected by action of the water by
percolation, hydrostatic pressure or erosion.
Water flowing from the rock shall be taken care of before concrete is
placed. Rock surfaces shall be kept moistened prior to placement of
concrete.
8.3 Excavation works
8.3.1 General
The Contractor shall furnish all labour, construction plant and material
and perform all excavation required for the Works as shown on
drawings or otherwise agreed with the Owner.
All excavation shall be performed with due regard to safety

requirements by approved methods in the lines and grades shown on
drawings or as otherwise agreed with the Owner. The Contractor
shall be solely responsible for the safety of excavation work.
All excavation areas shall be provided with adequate drainage

arrangements for collection and disposal of water from whatever
source. Any surface or subsurface water shall be controlled to
maintain the work structures in a dry state by means of sumps,
ditches or other acceptable methods.
Where excavated materials of specified type or quality are to be used

in the Works, these shall be removed in a separate operation, limiting
contamination from overlying or embedded material of another type or
quality.
All Documents and Records related to the quality of the excavation

work such as explosives inventory, plans for blasting operations,
instrumentation records, measurement results, etc., shall be kept up
to date and continuously submitted to the Owner.
All excavated material shall be transported and used in the Works as

part of temporary or permanent structures or stockpiled in readiness
for future use, or permanently disposed of in spoil dumps or as
otherwise agreed with the Owner, should the material be unsuitable
for construction. The Contractor shall provide adequate supervision
so that only suitable materials are used.
The Contractor shall keep a diary on the process of all excavation

works. The format of the diary shall be agreed with the Owner.
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8.3.2 Trial blasting
The Contractor shall provide a program for suitability blasting trials to
be performed subject to the Owner’s review. The following shall apply
for such trials;
• The program shall be submitted for the Owner’s review

minimum four weeks before planned start of the trials.
• The trials will be used to optimize the blast design and drilling
patterns
• Trials to be performed for each cross section requiring a

specific drill and blast pattern
• Trials shall be repeated until the quality requirements have

been met.
• Induced noise and vibrations shall be monitored.
• Results and conclusions of the trials shall be continuously

reported to the Owner.
8.3.3 Clearing and removal of top soil

The Contractor shall perform clearing of the sites for structures,
disposal areas, quarry areas and plot plan areas as indicated on
drawings presented in the design. Clearing shall consist of cutting
and disposal of standing trees and bushes, the removal and
disposing of all shrubs, debris and all other perishable materials
including fallen trees and logs. The removal of and permanent
disposal of cleared material shall be contained in the clearing work.
Top soil may be excavated and disposed of together with the

underlying material, provided this material is not to be used in the
Works.
8.3.4 Classification
Excavations shall be classified as open excavations or underground
excavations.
Open excavations shall be classified as excavation in soil or in rock.
Open excavation in soil shall be defined as removal of all material

other than solid masses of rock and which can be efficiently
excavated without the use of explosives. This includes individual rock
fragments, boulders and individual rock blocks with a volume of 1.5
m 3 or less.
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Open excavation in rock shall be defined as removal of any material
where explosives have to be used or individual rock blocks with a
volume of more than 1.5 m 3.
Underground excavation shall be classified according to the rock

mass classification. The final determination of rock classes, however,
shall be jointly agreed between the Contractor and the Owner. The
Contractor shall regularly provide the Owner with documentation in
the form of maps, etc., showing pertinent geological features as
observed at the tunnel portion as excavation progresses.
8.3.5 Open excavations in soil

The dimensions of completed excavations and suitability of
foundation areas to receive fills, concrete, etc., shall be as shown in
the Contractor’s Design. Unsuitable foundation materials shall be
further excavated or stabilised.
The toe of excavations in soil shall normally not be closer than 3

meters from any structure. Where slopes in soil adjoin rock cuts,
there shall be a berm not less than 3 meters wide. The Contractor
shall provide temporary drainage at the toes of slopes in soil.
Adjoining berms shall slope to the drains and provisions shall be
made to conduct all water away from the excavation.
When additional excavation beyond limits and grades shown on

drawings is required for the Contractor’s convenience, all such work
shall be backfilled with adequate material and compacted in a
satisfactory manner.
All excavated areas shall be drained. Any surface -or subsurface

water flows entering or adjacent to the excavation shall be
satisfactorily controlled. At all times during construction, the
Contractor shall adopt procedures such that at no time the stability of
any slope is impaired.
8.3.6 Open excavations in rock

The dimensions of completed excavations and the suitability of
foundation areas to receive fill, concrete, etc. shall be in the Design.
Unsuitable foundation materials shall either be further excavated or
stabilised. Rock surfaces exposed in excavations which slope steeply
shall be adjusted by means of contour blasting.
The Contractor shall provide temporary drainage at the toe of rock

slopes. Provisions shall be made to conduct all surface water away
from the excavation or at least keep it satisfactorily controlled.
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Excavation slopes shall be satisfactorily stable.

8.3.7 Underground excavations in rock
Underground excavations will be based on the drill- and blast
technique.
Excavation shall be performed by such methods and in such manner

so that the result is a stable, regular rock surface with a minimum of
overbreak.
The contractor may be instructed by the Owner to backfill overbreak

outside the allowed tolerance with concrete / shotcrete.
Remaining rock inside the theoretical section in caverns shall be

removed.
Boreholes for blasting operations shall be carefully positioned and

oriented.
No contour hole shall at any depth be located inside the theoretical

excavation contours shown on drawings, nor shall such holes deviate
more than 0.3 m outside the theoretical excavation line.
Drill patterns, general charging procedures etc., shall be described in

the Contractor’s Design.
In due time before the commencement of any blasting operation, the

Contractor shall submit to the Owner for his review detailed drilling
patterns showing the spacing and the diameter of the bore holes as
well as the type and magnitude of charges, ignition type, etc. The
Contractor shall also submit plans for blasting operations adjacent to
completed structures, outlining the precautions taken in order to avoid
damage from vibrations or flyrock. Such documentation shall be
treated as quality documents.
Should the results of blasting monitoring indicate that the Contractor's

blasting methods endanger the completed excavation, completed
grouting or concrete work, or the works by Contractor B, the
Contractor shall immediately alter blasting methods to prevent further
damage.
If these requirements are not fulfilled the Owner may interrupt the
work until a remedial plan has been presented by the Contractor.
If needed, the Contractor shall engage an independent specialist

consultant.
Additional work due to blast damage will not be paid.

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8.3.7.1 Rock Mass Classification in Underground Excavations
Rock mass characteristics in underground excavations shall be
classified in accordance to the Rock Tunnelling Quality Index (Q),
proposed by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (Barton et al,
1974).
The rock mass shall be classified into the following classes:
Rock Mass Class Q-value

I. Good Rock Q > 10
II. Fair Rock 10 = Q > 4
III. Poor Rock 4=Q>1
IV. Very Poor Rock 1=Q
Geological mapping shall be carried out continuously by the

Contractor and shall be recorded in the forms proposed by the
Contractor in his Design.
Rock mass classes for application of permanent rock support shall be

determined jointly by the Contractor and the Owner.
8.3.7.2 Safety and health precautions
The Contractor shall have full and sole responsibility for the safety of
all excavations.
The Contractor shall regularly inspect the excavated faces of all work
under his jurisdiction.
The Contractor shall install and monitor an approved lighting system

in the underground Works in accordance with applicable regulations,
and such that no significant area is in shadow. All hazards shall be
clearly illuminated at all times.
The final excavation surface exposed by each blast shall be scaled

and inspected as specified herein before commencing the next drill
and blast sequence.
The Contractor shall establish and maintain an effective system to

control access and to ensure good communication to the
underground Works.
Ventilation
The Contractor shall install, operate and maintain functioning

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ventilation systems at each working front in the underground works.

Such systems shall prevent the generation and accumulation of fog
within the working areas and maintain safe levels of visibility. Dust
shall be collected at or adjacent to the source. Satisfactory ventilation
shall be sustained as long as any work is being carried out in the
area.
The installed ventilation ducts shall be regularly checked and any

damage shall be repaired without delay, damaged parts shall be
replaced.
Blasting fumes shall be extracted as close as possible to the

excavation face. Exhaust air and blasting fumes shall be discharged
in such a way that they cannot enter into any other working place nor
be re-circulated in the fresh air supply system.
No internal combustion engine other than diesel engines shall be

used in the underground work. Diesel engines working underground
shall be regularly checked and adjusted in order to minimise harmful
exhaust substances. No equipment shall be refuelled underground
unless proper precautions are taken.
The Contractor shall be responsible to check continuously the gas

pollution in the underground excavations for early detection of
noxious or other harmful gases including explosive gases such as
methane. Pollution percentages shall be kept within international
standards or national standards if those are more restricted.
Standards applied shall be proposed in the Contractor’s Design.
Should any of the noxious gas limits be exceeded, the operation of all
diesel engines in the underground Works shall be discontinued and
ventilation improved or other acceptable measures taken. If methane
occurs it shall be strictly controlled and the concentration is not
allowed to exceed 10% of the lower explosive limit of the gas.
For monitoring of gases, the Contractor shall supply, use and keep in
good working order and condition, sufficient equipment and apparatus
throughout the duration of the underground work.
After excavation of any cavity and prior to any concreting activity, the
ventilation system used for the excavation phase may have to be
modified to allow for concreting. Any such modifications shall be
allowed for by the Contractor in his design of the ventilation systems
for the underground work.
Electrical
Electric equipment used underground shall be grounded to an

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approved installation extending throughout the underground workings

and connected to ground outside the tunnel portal.

Power circuits used for electric detonation within the tunnel shall be
placed on supports other than these used for electric power or
communication lines, on the opposite side of the tunnel.
Blasting
A standard blasting warning code shall be used in connection with all

blasting. Non-electric detonation shall be used.
Handling of explosives
The Contractor shall observe all rules and regulations regarding

import, transport, storage and use of explosives issued by any public
authority having jurisdiction in respect of the same. The Contractor is
solely responsible for injury to any person, for damage of any
property or to the environment and for any accidents resulting from
blasting or handling of explosives in connection with the Works. The
Contractor is further responsible for the proper care of detonators and
explosives.
8.3.7.3 Contour Blasting

Where especially undisturbed and smooth excavation surfaces are
required, contour blasting may be performed by means of smooth
blasting or pre-splitting.
Where contour blasting is to take place, the collaring and alignment of

the bore holes shall be made with special care to ensure good
results. The deviation in collaring of the holes in relation to the bottom
of holes in the previous round shall be kept at an absolute minimum.
Contour blasting, carried out as smooth blasting, shall be used for

excavation of roofs and walls in tunnels and caverns. Also, it is
required for limitation of overbreak at rock walls against which
concrete is to be poured.
Pre-splitting
Pre-splitting implies that closely spaced contour holes are drilled,

charged and fired in a separate operation, thereby freeing a rock
mass which is subsequently blasted.
The spacing and charging of holes shall be in accordance with

established procedures described in the Contractor’s Design.
Smooth blasting
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Smooth blasting implies that the contour holes are closely spaced
and lightly charged. The spacing of holes shall be less than 0.8.

The ignition pattern shall be made in such a way that the contour
holes have free breakage at the detonation, and all contour holes
shall, as far as practically possible, be fired with the same detonator
number. Charging of the stooping holes close to the contour holes
must be made with care in order not to harm the result of the smooth
blasting.
The spacing and charging of holes shall be in accordance with

established procedures described in the Contractor’s Design.
8.3.7.4 Excavation Tolerances (quality control)

All excavation faces shall be produced by controlled perimeter
blasting techniques developed by trial to meet the tolerances
specified, or as noted on drawings.
In order to effectively execute controlled perimeter blasting, perimeter

holes for underground excavation shall not exceed 5.2 m in length.
Perimeter holes shall further be collared and terminated such as to
achieve the tolerances specified.
Blast-hole tracks (half barrels) shall be visible on at least 75% of the

perimeter; otherwise the round shall not be accepted as excavated
according to smooth blasting technique.
8.3.7.5 Inspection of rock surface and geological mapping

In all excavation works in rock, both underground and open
excavations, the rock surface shall be inspected by the Contractor
after each blast. Immediate decisions and actions to secure the rock
surface shall be taken, if this is considered necessary.
The Owner shall have access to the rock surface and the Contractor
shall assist the Owner with a lift and lightning, if required by the
Owner.
If the Contractor finds that the rock conditions are significantly

different from the Reference Conditions, the Owner shall immediately
be informed.
8.3.8 Reports
The Contractor shall within 24 hours for each blast submit a Blast
Report to the Owner including;
• Identification and location of the blast
• Blasting pattern, firing sequence, etc.

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• Consumption of explosives – per hole and total for the round
• Results of blast, tolerance of perimeter
• Vibration records
• All events related to safety
8.4 Rock support works
8.4.1 General
The permanent rock support shall consist of rock bolting and
shotcrete. Where applicable, special support can be used such as
shotcrete arches, pre-tensioned rock anchors, concrete etc. The type
of permanent rock support and requirements on execution and
material shall be described on separate rock support drawings.
The permanent rock support shall be finally determined after

excavation and inspection of the rock surface. Before the inspection,
scaling of the rock surface shall be performed. The results from the
inspections shall be a geological description and classification. The
decision on the classification and permanent rock support system
shall be jointly by the Contractor and the Owner.
The necessary temporary rock support shall be the sole responsibility

of the Contractor to ensure the stability and safety at the site.
Whenever possible, the temporary support shall comply with the

requirements for permanent support. Any temporary support that
does not fulfil the requirements for the permanent support will not be
accepted as part of the permanent support system. Such temporary
support may have to be removed before the permanent support is
installed.
No rock support may intrude into the theoretical sections.
8.4.2 Scaling and cleaning

Scaling, involving the removal of loose rock from excavated walls and
roofs by hand tools, shall be carried out immediately following
excavation and at any time during the work, as necessary to ensure
the safety of workmen, structures or equipment. Scaled material shall
be removed.
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All rock surfaces at the keys excavated for concrete plugs shall be
cleaned with high pressure water jet.

Inspection of the cleaning shall be performed jointly with the Owner
before pouring of the plugs will be allowed to start.
8.4.3 Rock support principles

The permanent rock support shall be based on fully cement grouted
rock bolts and fibre reinforced shotcrete. The rock support system for
the permanent support shall be shown on separate support drawings
and include the following information:
• Conditions for the support; Q-value, span and rock cover

• Shotcrete; thickness, reinforced with fibres or un-reinforced
• Rock bolts; length, distance between bolts, diameter
• Material for bolts, shotcrete and any other relevant support
• Method statement for support works
Execution of any special support shall also be shown on separate

drawings. This support shall include the following parts or conditions:
• Spiling ahead of the tunnel face to prevent instability of layer

blocks. This may be a concern in the NW -part of the storage,
depending on the effect from a shear zone in E-W direction.
• Shear zones crossing the caverns more or less perpendicular. To
possible widths of shear zones shall be considered; 0.1-0.5 m and
1-5 m.
• Rock anchors for wedge support.
The final permanent rock support in each section of a tunnel or

cavern may be a combination of different rock support systems, if the
conditions suggest this.
Conditions that the Contractor finds may require pre-bolting or any

other type of temporary support before the next blast, shall be
reported to the Owner. The Contractor shall decide when a temporary
support shall be used to ensure safe working conditions or rock
stability.
Any temporary support, whether it consists of bolts, shotcrete or any

other type shall, where possible, conform to the requirements for
permanent support and be included in the final permanent support
system.
Temporary support that does not fulfil the requirements for permanent
support may have to be removed if it will inflict on the function of the
permanent support. The material in temporary support shall not have
a negative impact on the permanent support. Permanent support
shall comply with the requirements on design, material, execution,
control, testing and documentation.
rao1e 2005-01-17
The support shall initially be performed according to the descriptions

in the Contractor’s design which, in turn, shall conform to the typical

rock support design as given by the Owner However, with experience
gained as the work progresses and depending on data from i.e.
convergence measurements during excavation, modifications may be
made to the support system in order to optimise the long term tunnel
stability.
8.4.4 Geological mapping

Geological mapping of the rock surface shall be performed after each
blast in the roof and walls. Mapping shall be performed after scaling,
before shotcreting and with sufficient light.
The mapping shall be performed according to the following

requirements:
• Daily blast maps to be recorded at 1:100 scale in an appropriate

format by hand sketch using uniform symbols, legends and
descriptive terminology.
• Geological description; the geological features in roof and along
walls is continuously investigated and described. As a minimum,
the following shall be included;
-Rock type, weathering grade, field estimation of rock property
-Dominant joints and joint orientation
-Joint surface conditions and infilling
-Extent of Geological over break
-Shear zones/fractural zones
-Water ingress conditions
-Estimated Q-class
-Behaviour of Rock Mass
-temporary support/spiling
• Type of rock support including:
• Location and type of rock bolts
• Location and thickness of shotcrete
• Special type of reinforcement
Based on the daily mapping CAD-drawings shall be produced, in

scale 1:100, where the tunnel is shown in plan with the walls folded
outwards. These drawings shall be continuously updated fro every
100 m of excavation as the underground excavation proceeds.
Colour photographs shall be part of the geological documentation.

Photos shall be taken at regular intervals and at changed geological
conditions / special geological conditions, clearly showing the location
and date of photo.
8.4.5 Rock bolting
8.4.5.1 General
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The Contractor shall furnish all labour, material and equipment and
the performance of all work necessary to supply and install all rock

support, accessories included. Drilling of holes and installation of rock
bolts, etc., shall be performed by personnel experienced in this type
of work.
A rock bolt is defined as any non-tensioned bar of steel and installed

and grouted in a borehole with the purpose to support the rock.
Before the Contractor can start any work with rock bolting, he shall
present a description of the work procedure to the Owner at least four
weeks before this type of work will start. The Contractor can start rock
bolting only after he receives an approval from the Owner.
Rock bolt shall not be installed in boreholes with leakage of water.

Boreholes with water leakage shall be injected and re-drilled before
the bolt is installed. Installed rock bolts with water leakage shall be
replaced with a new rock bolt.
Systematic bolting shall interact with the shotcrete through a plate

mounted on the bolt and towards the shotcrete, see drawing 1201,
Typical section, Rock support, Caverns. The bolt shall have plate and
nut. The nut shall be completely threaded onto the bolt.
8.4.5.2 Material
Material for permanent rock bolt shall be reinforcement bars of steel
according to the requirements in SS-ENV 10-080. The requirements
shall apply for the complete rock bolt system (bolt, thread, plate and
nut).
Rock bolt diameter shall be 25 mm or more. Bolts where the

anchoring is based on friction will not be approved as permanent
support. Friction bolts that can be grouted at a later stage,
combination bolts, may be approved as permanent support. An
example of combination bolts is the CT-bolt, manufactured by Ørsta,
Norway.
Grouting of the bolts shall be of cement for bolts with a w/c-ratio of

0.3 or less. The cement shall be of sulphur-resistant, standard
Portland cement. Control of the w/c-ratio for installation of bolts shall
be through mud balance.
Cement for grouting of warm-galvanized steel shall have such a

composition that the bond and tightness is not negatively affected.
The following methods may be used:
• Specially developed cement is used

• The galvanized surface is protected by epoxy or similar
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8.4.5.3 Execution
The installation shall be made according to the Contactors description
of the procedure.
Boreholes
Length and diameter of boreholes shall be adapted to the various

bolts. For grouted bolts, the borehole diameter shall be at least 20
mm larger than the diameter of the rock bolt. The boreholes shall be
0.1 m longer than the bolt length.
Boreholes shall be flushed with compressed air and flowing water

before any bolts are installed.
No seepage from bolt holes is allowed.
The direction of boreholes shall be as follows, unless other

specifications are given:
• In roof and at spring line, the direction shall be perpendicular to the

rock surface
• In wall the direction shall be 10° upwards
Installation of bolts shall take place within 2 days from the drilling of
boreholes.
Boreholes with no bolt shall be filled with cement grout.
Bolting along slope crest, i.e. in open excavation, shall be performed

after the top soil is removed and before the excavation starts. The
bolts are vertical and placed 1 m from the slope crest with spacing of
1 m. This applies when the rock slope is 5 m high or more.
Bolts
Bolts shall be equipped with centralisers to ensure that the bolts are
installed centric in the boreholes.
Bolts that interact with the shotcrete shall be equipped with anchor
plate and a spherical hexagonal nut. The protruding end of the bolt
shall have a minimum of 150 mm threads.
Spot bolts may be installed without the plate and nut.
Fresh cement shall be placed between the plate and shotcrete to

obtain a good contact.
The bolt, plate and nut shall be covered with shotcrete or concrete.
rao1e 2005-01-17

Where the protruding ends of the dowels are to be bent, this shall be
done by hot bending preferably after the installation. Bending shall
take place while the bar is heated over a length at least 5 times the
diameter.
For primary stabilisation of rock surfaces, Standard Swellex type rock

bolts as supplied by Atlas Copco or equivalent may be used. The
installation shall follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. These
bolts shall be used as temporary support only.
Grouting of Bolts
Grouting of Bolts shall be performed in dry boreholes. Bolts shall be

grouted according to the SN-method; the borehole is filled from the
bottom with a cement hose. As the cement fills the borehole, the hose
is retracted. The bolt is inserted when the borehole has been filled
with cement.
Permanent bolts for installations shall be grouted along at least 1 m

unless the necessary load capacity will require more.
8.4.6 Pre stressed cables, rock and anchor bolts

Pre-stressed cables and bolts shall be designed, installed and tested
in accordance with the requirements in SS-EN 1537 and the
manufacturer’s recommendations or by means of other internationally
recognised methods. The working force shall normally be equal to 0.6
times the ultimate strength or 0.8 times the yield strength whichever
less is.
Bolts which are to be pre-stressed shall have an ultimate strength of

at least 500 MPa. The pre-stressing of bolts shall be achieved by
using centre hole hydraulic jacks imposing a direct pull on the bolt.
The pre-stressing force applied to shall be determined in the design.
Pre-stressed bolt shall be provided with rolled or cut threads for fixing
of anchor plates by nut and washer. Any installed bolt that cannot be
tensioned shall be replaced.
8.4.7 Testing of bolts and cables

The Contractor shall provide all the necessary equipment and
personnel for testing and re-tensioning purposes.
The Contractor shall perform pre-construction tests to ascertain the

reliability and performance of the procedures for grouting and
anchoring of bolts and cables. The testing shall define the working
loads to be adopted. Test procedures, etc. shall be described in full in
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the Contractor’s Design. For each type of bolt etc. a series of three
tests shall be performed.

As a routine, the Contractor shall perform running tests on the bolts
installed where 5 % of the lot shall be tested to 1.5 times the working
capacity. Bolts which fail before this value is achieved shall be
replaced and the Contractor shall thereafter enhance the test
frequency to 15% until satisfactory results are consistently obtained
after which the number of tests can be decreased.
All pre-stressed cables and bolts shall be tested between 7 and 10

days after installation. Where tension has not been maintained, the
cables, etc. shall be re-tensioned to the working load. Cables and
bolts which have lost more than 30 % of their capacity shall be
considered defective and, hence, they shall be replaced. Further
testing and re-tensioning may be d in the design or agreed with the
Owner as the work progresses.
Copies of all test reports shall be supplied to the Owner as part of the
Monthly Progress Reports.
8.4.8 Wire Mesh

Wire mesh shall be securely fastened to the rock face by the bearing
plates of the rock bolts installed as specified above. If the wire mesh
is placed after the bolts are installed, a second nut and plate shall be
provided and installed to anchor the wire mesh to the work face.
In areas where wire mesh cannot be attached to rock bolts, it should

be anchored by means of wire mesh anchors. Wire mesh anchors
shall be used to secure the edges of the wire mesh tight to the rock
surface to provide anchorage at overlaps and to provide intermediate
support between rock bolts.
All wire mesh in underground excavations which is not encapsulated

in shotcrete or covered by concrete shall be considered temporary.
Temporary wire mesh shall be removed by the Contractor prior to the
completion of the Works.
8.4.9 Shotcreting
8.4.9.1 General
Shotcrete shall be wet mix.
Shotcrete shall be produced, applied and monitored and shall comply

with the specifications given in EN 14487-1:2005 and in EN 206-
1:2000.
Shotcrete shall be considered as part of the permanent support.

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Bond strength between shotcrete and rock shall be at least 0.5 MPa
and between shotcrete layers at least 1.0 MPa. If the bond between
rock and shotcrete is less than 0.5 MPa, systematic bolting shall be
used in that area, regardless of the rock mass quality. Each test
series shall consist of at least three cores of which the mean value
shall fulfil the criteria. Bond strength shall be tested according to EN
14488-4:2005.
The thickness of the completed shotcrete layer shall conform to the

thickness specified in the Contractor’s Design of rock support. Layer
thickness shall be checked in accordance with EN 14488-6:2006.
All testing and results thereof shall be well documented, including

documentation of the flexural tensile strength and toughness.
Rebound shall be removed as soon as possible and disposed of

before any adjacent area is shotcreted.
8.4.9.2 Materials
Length of fibres shall not exceed 70% of the minimum diameter of
equipment pipes and hoses.
8.4.9.3 Equipment
The Contractor shall submit a method statement in the Design
regarding shotcrete production and application which, for appropriate
parts, shall comply with requirements given in EN 14487-2.
8.4.9.4 Mixing and Placing

The quantity of cement and aggregates shall be gauged by weight
and be mixed in a mixing drum during at least 2 minutes.
Proportioning by volume may be allowed in a case of mobile mixers,
provided that regular checking of mix proportions is carried out.
The proportions of cement, aggregates and admixture shall be

determined with pre-construction tests. The proportions of cement
and dry aggregates shall be between 1:3 and 1:5 by weight.
The steel fibre content shall be such that the requirements for
toughness, etc. are fulfilled. Proper fibre content shall hence be
established by pre-construction testing. The fibres shall be mixed to
the extent so that they are well proportioned in the concrete.
The placing of shotcrete shall be well planned and shall take account
of other underground work activities.
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Rock or concrete surfaces shall always be washed before shotcrete is
applied Fat solvent shall be used where needed.
Curing of shotcrete shall be made with a membrane hardener

immediately after spraying, provided that no more shotcrete will be
applied later. In the latter case, the shotcrete shall be kept moist by
watering twice a day for minimum one week.
8.4.9.5 Testing of shotcrete

Testing shall be performed by the Contractor in accordance with the
control program.
Before a succeeding layer of shotcrete is placed, the preceding layer

shall be checked for voids.
Boreholes used for thickness -or bond control shall be backfilled with
cement with a water-cement ratio ≤ 0.5.
The Contractor’s quality control plan of shotcrete works shall be

included in the Design.
8.4.10 Stabilisation Ahead of Tunnel Face

The Contractor’s design shall include strategies for measures to be
taken when a zone of suspected unstable rock or major water inflow
has been encountered adjacent to the tunnel face or in areas where it
is deemed that the stand-up time may be limited. Such information
may be obtained from the excavation of other tunnels, such as the
water curtain tunnels.
8.4.11 Surface Treatment of Cut Slopes in Open Excavation

In his design, the Contractor shall show how cut slope surfaces will
be treated as regards their supports. The treatment of cut slopes shall
normally comprise bolting and shotcreting and will depend on the
actual rock quality.
Before decision is taken on the support required for a specific portion,

geological mapping and rock classification shall be made.
8.4.12 Rock anchors

If needed due to adverse geological conditions. To be designed for
the actual conditions observed during construction.
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8.4.13 Special case support
If needed due to adverse geological conditions. To be designed for
the actual conditions observed during construction.
8.5 Grouting
8.5.1 General
Grouting works shall be performed to reduce or stop water leakage
from the rock mass into the caverns or tunnels through injection of
cement based mortar into boreholes.
Grouting of rock anchors and rock bolts are not covered in this
section.
Grouting shall be based primarily on cement. Chemical grouting may

be used but only after cement grouting has failed and after the
approval of the Owner.
Requirements on drilling for grouting are given in section 8.1.9.
8.5.2 Grouting principles

The grouting works shall be based on results from water pressure
tests in boreholes or other observations that are considered
important, for example as specified in section 9 below.
Continuous probing at least 20 m ahead of the excavation face shall

be performed in the water curtain tunnels. Probing may also have to
be performed caverns as instructed by the Owner.
Based on water pressure tests and other observations which suggest

a potential for large inflows of water, the Owner will give instructions
on where grouting shall be performed.
Grouting shall be based on the principle of pre-grouting, i.e. grouting

of full grout screens ahead of the excavation face.
The Contractor’s grout design shall be based on a conductivity of 10-7

m/s, or less in the grout screen as success criterion. The Contractor
shall stipulate, in the detailed design, how he, prior to continued
excavation, will determine that a conductivity of 10- 7 m/s has been
achieved. The selected method should be such that the result is not
influenced by the ongoing production.
If seepage occurs after a blast, post-grouting will be performed on the

Owner’s instruction.
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8.5.3 Water pressure tests
Before the water pressure tests starts, the borehole shall be
thoroughly flushed with water, or water and air in combination.
Water pressure tests shall be recorded in Lugeon units, where 1

Lugeon is defined as the loss of water in litre per minute per meter of
borehole tested, at an over-pressure of 1.0 MPa. The flow shall be
constant during at least 10 minutes before the Lugeon value can be
calculated.
Normally, the water pressure tests are performed as single-packer

tests, with the packer approximately 1 m into the borehole, and with
three injection pressure levels. The pressure levels shall be in the
following order: 1-2-3-2-1 where pressure levels no 1 represents the
lowest pressure and no 3 represents the highest pressure. At each
pressure level, the flow shall be roughly constant (± 10%) for 10
minutes.
However, as requested by the Owner, the Contractor shall have the

possibility to conduct water pressure tests with a single- and double-
packer along the borehole and at different pressures during each test.
The water pressure during a test will be stipulated by the Owner but
the equipment shall have the capacity of 0.5 MPa above the natural
ground water pressure
Before any water pressure tests are performed, the Contractor shall
determine the maximum water pressure and maximum and minimum
water flow that the equipment can perform and measure. The
Contractor shall also determine the maximum and minimum Lugeon
value that can be registered with the equipment.
Results from water pressure tests shall be presented as borehole id,

packer position, pressure and water loss at three different times and
resulting Lugeon value. A calculation from Lugeon to hydraulic
conductivity shall also be presented.
8.5.4 Grouting
Before grouting starts, the borehole shall be thoroughly flushed with
water or water and air in combination, using a jet nozzle. The flushing
shall last until the water is clear.
Grouting shall start with grout type A, see section 6.5, unless
indication of a permeable rock mass exist.
Grouting with grout type A continue until the stop pressure is reached
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or until a maximum amount of cement has been used. In this case,

the grouting shall continue with grout type B. The detailed procedure
and stop criteria will be defined in the detailed design.
Boreholes that are hydraulically in contact shall be grouted

simultaneously. A maximum of 5 boreholes at a time shall be possible
to grout.
Leakages at the rock surface must be plugged or the packer placed

at a greater depth.
The documentation of grouting shall include:
• Position of hole or group of holes

• Hole length and direction
• Packer position
• Grouting pressure
• Grout take
The documentation shall be continuously noted and delivered to the

Owner.
8.6 Monitoring
Monitoring shall consist of:
• Convergence measurement to monitor deformation of caverns and

tunnels
Monitoring may also consist of:
• Borehole extensometers to monitor deformation inside the rock

mass
• Gauges to measure stresses in rock bolts or anchors
Convergence shall consist of an optical system. Each section to be

monitored shall be equipped with a sufficient number of prisms to give
a good picture of the deformation patterns of the section.
The resolution in deformation shall be at least 0.1 mm.
The location and amount of monitoring shall be based on the results

of rock mechanical calculations.
8.7 Concrete works
1. At least thirty (30) days prior to fabrication of the

reinforcement the Contractor shall submit a minimum of two
rao1e 2005-01-17
copies of bar lists and placement drawings showing the bar

locations to the Owner. Bar lists shall be clear and legible.

2. Requests for information or changes along with reasons shall
be documented in a separate list.
3. The Owner will review the documents for conformance with

the design requirements. The Owner will not check lengths,
number of bars, weights or bar marks. Corrections will be
returned to the Contractor. A review time of two days per
placement drawing submitted with a minimum of 10 days for
each submission will be allowed upon receipt of the
submission. The Contractor shall supply the Owner with five
(5) copies of the accepted documents. No reinforcement shall
be placed until copies of the approved documents are
received by the Owner.
4. Construction details for reinforcing steel shall meet the

requirements of EIL standard specification for plain and
reinforced concrete 6-68-0004, Rev 3. The reinforcement shall
be of the type indicated in the contract documents.
5. Partial submissions that require coordination with other

drawings will not be accepted.
6. All the provisions of EIL standard specification for plain and

reinforced concrete 6-68-0004, Rev 3 shall apply.
8.8 Instrumentation and monitoring

Ref Annexure 1.
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9 Specific construction requirements
9.1 Muck Disposal Area

A speedy and continuous mucking out operation will be critical. The
Contractor shall plan the logistics of the muck disposal and maintain
the disposal area in such a way that muck disposal can be performed
at all times.
9.2 Access Tunnels

The Inverts shall be paved by Bitumen as soon as possible after
excavation to make mucking out easier. For the same reason the
access road to the Muck Disposal Area shall be paved.
9.3 Caverns general

Detail Design for Cavern Floors will be provided by the Owner no
later than one month before start of construction.
9.4 Storage Unit B

Excavation of Storage Unit B shall be planned and performed to allow
commissioning of this Storage Unit minimum 6 months ahead of
Storage Unit A.
9.5 Water curtain system

Detail design for construction will be provided by the owner no later
than one month before start of construction.
The water curtain tunnel shall be excavated and the water curtain
boreholes tested with water pressure tests and pressurised in
advance of the underlying caverns with an overlap of not less than 50
m.
The water curtain tunnels shall be used for investigation purposes of

rock quality and hydraulic conductivity. This information shall be used
for planning the excavation and grouting in the caverns.
Each borehole in the water curtain shall be tested with water pressure
tests according to section 8.5.3.
Each borehole in the water curtain shall be connected to a temporary

water supply system through a packer and hose during construction
to allow pressurisation of the curtain ahead of the excavation of the
underlying cavern galleries.
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The system shall allow for complementary boreholes, if required,
during construction.
Longitudinal dividing walls of reinforced concrete, typical dimensions

1.2 x 0.3 m, shall be placed along both sides of the water curtain
tunnels at about 1 m distance from the tunnel walls. Between these
walls, backfilling of crushed aggregate shall be placed.
Special arrangements (small trenches) shall be made at each

borehole for maintenance purposes.
9.6 Pump shafts

The excavation of the pump shafts shall start as early as possible and
the shaft sinking shall be completed no later than the time when the
excavation of the Cavern Top heading reaches the shaft location.
9.7 Concrete Barriers

Documents for construction will be provided by the Owner no later
than one month before start of construction.
Before start of construction, trials on concrete mix and contact

grouting shall be performed and reported to the Owner.
Critical parts of the work will include cooling and temperature

monitoring of the concrete plug as well as contact grouting to achieve
a good contact between concrete and rock after setting and shrinkage
of the concrete.
After hydration of the concrete, the concrete barrier shall be cooled

(refrigerated) by cooling coils which shall be installed inside the
concrete structure, to achieve thermal shrinkage. In this state the final
contact grouting between the rock and the concrete shall be
executed. For this purpose separate heating arrangements shall be
arranged in the contact zone as well as for the grout.
The Concrete Barriers will be arranged with a temporary manhole to

allow for access through the barriers during the construction time.
Closure of the manhole will be executed by the part B contractor.
rao1e 2005-01-17

10 Inspection, control and testing
Ref. Annexure 1.
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STRATEGIC STORAGE OF CRUDE

C-2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

ISSUED FOR BID

Project No. 2158005

C-2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

3 General design requirements 7

4 Geotechnical design requirements 15

5 Civil and structural Design Requirements 23

6 Requirements on Material – Rock Works 24

7 Requirements on Material – Other Civil Works 28

8 Requirements on Execution of Works 28

8.4 Rock support works 41

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

9 Specific construction requirements 54

10 Inspection, control and testing 56

C-2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

For standard specifications to be applied for the Project, ref. Section

Witness points are all stages in the construction process where

Hold points are stages when a specific part or structure is finished

Except where specifically pointed out in this Technical Specification,

See also annexure 2; List of Standards

For tests and investigations in rock masses, the methods suggested

For Monitoring / Observational method the guidelines in EUROCODE

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

Where such standards and codes are national, or relate to a

Differences between the standards specified and the proposed

If the standards and codes proposed by the Contractor are in other

C-2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

C-2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

The overall design and dimensions of the storage facility, as

The Contractor’s design process shall be to achieve a robust design,

The Contractor’s design documentation shall include a Design Risk

The Contractor shall ensure that adequate construction expertise is

3.1 Design stages

• Preparation of Design Basis

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

In addition to the Geotechnical Reference Conditions as specified in

• Additional geological and geotechnical investigations

3.1.1 Design Basis

• Compile all necessary Design Input from the Owner as defined

• To describe how the material parameters have been

• To describe a Design Safety Philosophy, defining the Design

• To identify the possible need for additional site and laboratory

Deliverable from this phase shall be a Design Basis Report.

3.1.2 Design Phase 1

The Owner’s design for typical rock support as presented in Basic

• The presented typical rock support system shall be checked

C-2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

• The critical areas identified from the analytical calculations shall

• A review of how the storage capacity requirements are fulfilled

Construction Method Statements

relate to the Design report and shall include the following as a

24 August 2007 ISSUED FOR BID

Deliverables from this phase shall be, as a minimum;

• Design Planning report

• Design Calculations Report

• Delivery schedule for design phase 2

3.1.3 Design Phase 2