The Policy Implementation Gap Associated with Climate Change Adaptation, Resiliency and Disaster Risk Management in the

Philippines
Glenn S. Banaguas
Manila Observatory Ateneo De Manila University Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute De La Salle Araneta University

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Disasters in the Philippines

Risk Assessment Present Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management

Gaps and Constraints

Flood

Population

Poverty Incidence

Hazard

Families Affected

Exposure

Vulnerability

Hazard

Individuals Affected

Exposure

Vulnerability

Hazard

Families (Evacuated)

Exposure

Vulnerability (Poverty Incidence)

Hazard

Individuals (Evacuated)

Exposure

Vulnerability (Poverty Incidence)

Marikina

Cabusao, Camarines Sur

Hazard

RISK

Vulnerability

Exposure

RISK=11,299,386 casualties per year

RISK= 558,931 casualties per year

The risks that were calculated in terms of casualties per year cannot be converted into monetary status since the value of human life is incalculable and

priceless.

If and only if fatal outcome really enters into the arena, for instance, the risks can be gauged to its financial correspondence. And using the $50,000.00 as the international/global accepted value of human life, the risks in terms of losses ($ Million Dollars ) are the following:

RISK ($/year) = 565,000 M

RISK ($/year)= 28,000 M

Disaster Funds Allocation

(Local Government Code, Sec, 324-d) 5% of the revenue

Using the revenue of the City in 2009, Php 1,722,667,069,

around Php 86,000,000 (Marikina City)
Probable Affected Population Budget Allocation (Php for 1 day) Budget Allocation (Php for 5 days)

514,544 411,635(80%) 308,726(60%) 205,818(40%)

6.69 8.36 11.16 16.74

1.34 1.67 2.23 3.35

102,909(20%)

33.50

6.70

Disaster Funds Allocation

(Local Government Code, Sec, 324-d) 5% of the revenue

Using the revenue allotment of 2009, Php 10,053,996.00,

around Php 502, 699.80 (Cabusao, Camarines Sur)
Probable Affected Population Budget Allocation (Php for 1 day) Budget Allocation (Php for 5 days)

19,653 15,722 (80%) 11,791 (60%) 7,861 (40%) 3,930

(20%)

1.02 1.28 1.71 2.56

0.20 0.26 0.34 0.51

5.12

1.02

1. There is no legal framework for climate-induced migration that will support all forms of movement from voluntary to forced migration 2. Lack of adequate measures to reduce the vulnerability of people to the impacts of environmental disasters 3. No comprehensive study assessing the complex interaction of environmental change, migration, displacement and conflict; 4. Only few institutions are active in participating in the work of the international organizations dealing with this issue, to the investigation of existing gaps in law and protection mechanisms because of environmental degradation and natural and man-made disasters when return is impossible

5. Recognition of environmentally induced migrants and their protection 6. Limited multi-disciplinary research involving climate science, geography, migration, development studies, disaster studies, environmental studies, social cohesion and health

7. Failure to take into account a gender perspective when elaborating national and international policies and protection frameworks on environmentally induced migration