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Bordetella pertussis

Obligate aerobic bacteria Grows best at 350 and 370C Bordet-Gengou Colonies: mercury drop Regan Lowe Agar Growth on Charcoal horse blood 3-5 days Catalase (+) Oxidase (+) Urea (-) Nitrate (-) Nonmotile No growth on BAP Specimen of Choice (SOC) for culture, Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) testing, and PCR: Nasopharyngeal aspirates or swabs

Bordetella parapertussis
Characteristics: Morphologically resembles B. pertussis Growth on Charcoal - horse blood 2-3 days Catalase (+) Oxidase (-) Urea (+) Nitrate (-) Nonmotile Growth on BAP Causes same disease with milder symptoms

Bordetella bronchisepti ca
Morphologicall y resembles B. pertussis and B. parapertussis Motile (peritrichous flagella) Growth on Charcoal horse blood 1-2 days Hemolytic Catalase (+) Oxidase (+) Urea (+) Nitrate (+) Catalase (+)

not part of human flora

Brucella
Short, non-spore forming gncb Non-motile Oxidase (+) Catalase (+) Urea (+) Blood cultures held for 30 days All subculture plates held for a minimum of 7 days Some species need increased CO2 Colonies appear small, convex, smooth Humans become infected by three primary routes:

Ingestion of infected unpasteurized animal products (most common) Inhalation of infected aerosolized particles Direct contact with infected animal parts through ruptures of skin and mucous membranes

Eikenella corrodens

NF of wild animals (rabbits, rodents, Normal flora of Associated with beavers, muskrats) human mouth and dog and cat bites GI GNCB GNCB - tiny, tract Bipolar staining extreme Microaerophilic (safety pin pleomorphism gncb appearance) Colonies Increased CO2 Convex, smooth, transparent and Needs hemin for gray colonies mucoid growth Musty or Obligate aerobes Nonsaccharoytic mushroom odor Bipolar staining No growth on MAC Mucoid or rough Oxidase negative and EMB colony variants Weak or negative Produce yellow Grows well on catalase pigment BAP Non-motile Straight rods Nonhemolytic Capsule Oxidase (+) Oxidase (+) virulence factor Catalase (-) Catalase (+) Causes tularemia Urea (-) Indole (+) Acute febrile, Indole (-) Urea (+) granulomatous Nitrate (+) Nonmotile disease LD (+) and OD (+) No growth on MAC Rapid onset of flu Nonmotile like symptoms Tiny colonies pit Zoonotic infection agar or form Highly infectious craters in the Potential agar bioweapon Bleach-like odor Difficult to grow Will not grow on Blood, Choc, or MAC agar Requires enriched media, cysteine for growth PCR more sensitive than culture

Pasteurella multocida

Francisella

Agents of Rat-bite Fever


Streptobacillus moniliformis
Transmission by bite of infected rat Natural habitat Referred to as upper respiratory Sodoku tract of wild and Has never been laboratory rats grown in culture Humans acquire Visualized in infection via: Bite or direct contact Giemsa or Wright Stains, or darkfield with an infected rat microscopy Ingestion of Thick, spiral, gram contaminated food (unpasteurized milk or negative organism with 2-3 milk products) coils (spirochete) If acquired by Polytrichous polar ingestion called flagella Haverhill Fever Similar to Symptoms: Acute onset of chills, Streptobacillus moniliformis fever, headache, except arthritis is vomiting and often rarely seen in severe joint pains Febrile episodes may patients with Spirillum minus and persist for weeks or swollen lymph nodes months Within a few days of are prominent Febrile episodes illness, patients also more predictable develop a rash on After bite, wound palms, soles of feet, heals spontaneously and other extremities Needs blood, ascitic 1-4 weeks later

Spirillum minus

fluid or serum under CO2 to grow Facultative anaerobe Non-motile Pleomorphic GNB rounded or pointed ends arranged in chains or filaments Colonies may have fried-egg appearance

reulcerates Fever, headache, rash develops

Differentiate between Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever) S. moniliformis can be cultured and occurs within 12 hours S. minus cannot be cultured and has longer incubation Haemophil us influenzae Causative agent of: Influenza Meningitis Respirator y infections Septicemia Requires X&V factors Nonhemoly tic on rabbit and horse blood Haemophil us haemolytic us Human & especially sheep blood contain inhibiting substances which prevents the growth of this organism Requires X&V factors Beta hemolytic on rabbit & horse blood agar X Haemophil us parainflue nzae Requires only V factor Nonhemolytic on rabbit and horse blood Haemophil us parahaemo lyticus Requires only V factor Beta hemolytic on rabbit and horse blood) Haemophil us ducreyi Etiologic agent of soft chancre or chancroid Sexually transmitte d disease Requires only X factor Nonhemoly tic on rabbit and horse blood Haemophil us aegypticus Serological agent of contagious conjunctivi tis Requires X&V factors Nonhemoly tic on rabbit and horse blood

XV

Horse blood

Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus parainfluenzae Haemophilus hemolyticus Haemophilus parahemolyticus

+ + + +

reaction Nonhemolytic Non-hemolytic Beta hemolytic Beta hemolytic

+
-

Quadrant I X Factor Quadrant II V Factor Quadrant III XV Factor Quadrant IV Horse Blood

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