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Island of sails- Another turning point in the History of Philippines is the Spanish
colonial rule. While at the service of Spain, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan landed on the Marianas Islands on March 16, 1521. The island was named by him as Island of Sails.

Treaty of Zaragosa- by this treaty, King Charles I of Spain sold his rights over
the Moluccas to Portugal for350,000 gold ducats(equivalent to about 12.5 million Philippine pesos today). A new demarcation line was also fixed at 297- leagues east of the Moluccas, with all lands west to go to Spain.

Martn de Goiti - was a Spanish Basque conquistador and founder of the city of
Manila in the Philippines. Martin de Goiti was one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish colonization of the East Indies and the Pacific, in 1565. Luis Enriquez de Guzman- In July 1569, a member of the expedition led by Maestro de Cam-po Mateo de Saz and Captain Martin de Goiti, led a group who crossed from Burias and Ticao islands and landed on a coastal settlement called Ibalon in what is presently the province of Sorsogon. From this point another expedition was sent to explore the interior and founded the town of Camalig.

Juan de Salcedo - was a Spanish conquistador. He was born in Mexico in 1549

and he was the grandson of Miguel Lpez de Legazpi and brother of Felipe de Salcedo. Salcedo was one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish colonization of the Philippines in 1565. Bangkao/Bankaw- was a Datu of Limasawa who revolted against the Spaniards in 1622. Upon the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in Leyte, he converted to Catholic religion. However, the datu soon protested against the payment of excessive tribute to the Spanish government. He was killed in battle and was beheaded by the Spaniards. His head was pierced into a stake and was displayed to serve as a warning to all who would oppose the Spanish government. Pinsuncan- son of Philip II, was likewise baptized and was named Carlos. Datu Sikatuna-was the chieftain of Bohol, who made a blood compact and allianced with the Spanish conquistador, Miguel Lpez de Legazpi in March 16, 1565. His real name is Katuna but is recorded as Sikatuna. 'Si' is a nominative marker in Filipino.His ananscestor was from Dapitan Kingdom.

Lakan Dula - was the Rajah (King) of Tondo who fought the Spaniards during the colonization of the Philippines. Together with Rajah Sulaiman II and Rajah Sulaiman III, they governed a settlement along the Pasig River in Manila during the 16th century. Lakan Dula (Kapampangan lakan "lord" and dula "palace")[1] was the Malayan title for monarchs in Tondo. Banaw[2] was the

personal name of Lakan Dula recorded in Philippine history at the period of the Spanish colonization.
Sulayman - was the Rajah (King) of Maynila, a Kapampangan and Tagalog kingdom on the region of the Pasig River in Manila. Along with Rajah Sulaiman II and Rajah Lakan Dula, he was one of three Rajahs who fought the Spaniards during the colonization of the Philippines in the 16th century.

Cumplace- the governor general could reject or suspend the implementation of any royal decree or law from Spain with this power of Cumplace Royal Audiencia- established in 1583 to act as the Supreme Court of the colony also served as advisory body to the governor and audited the expenditures of the government. Residencia- which was a judicial institution headed by the incoming governor general to conduct a trial of an outgoing governor general and other Spanish officials for the purpose of punishing those guilty of corruption, but the case may be appealed to the King for clemency. Visitador- who was the investigator sent by the King or an official dispatched by the Council of Indies in Spain to check the behavior of the high officials in the colony. Pollista- or worker has to work 40 days a year in the labor pool. In 1884, forced labor was reduced to 15 days a year. To be excluded from the polo. Falla- exemption fee, which only a few Filipinos could actually pay. Chapter 8 Del Superior Govierno-(Of the Supreme Government) In 1811, This was the first newspaper in the country appeared in Manila, with Governor General Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar as editor. CHAPTER 14 Magat Salamat - was one of the four sons of Lakan Dula.[1] Salamat was the Muslim chieftain of Tondo, Manila prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. His eldest brother, Batang Dula, was betrothed to the younger sister of Martin de Goiti to symbolize the alliance of the Kingdom of Tondo and the Spanish government. Chapter 16-28

PropagandistThe Filipinos in Europe were much more active in seeking reforms than those in Manila. They could be divided into three groups: The first included Filipinos who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872 after being implicated in the Cavite Mutiny. After two many years in the Marianas, they proceeded to Madrid and Barcelona because they could no longer return to the Philippines. The second group consisted of illustrados in the Philippines who had been sent to Europe for their education. The third group was composed of Filipinos who had fled their country to avoid punishment for a crime, or simply because they could not stand Spanish atrocities any longer. Still, not all Filipinos living in Spain were members of the Propaganda Movement. Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena and Marcelo H. del Pilar were it most prominent members. Lopez Jaena was a brilliant orator who wrote such pieces as "Fray Botod," "Esperanza," and "La Hija del Fraile," which all criticized the abuses of Spanish friars in the Philippines. Del Pilar was an excellent writer and speaker who put up the newspaper Diarion Tagalog in 1882. His favorite topic was the friars. Some of his most popular writings included "Caiingat Cayo", "Dasalan at Tocsohan," and "Ang Sampung Kautusan ng mga Prayle". "Caingat Cayo" was a pamphlet answering the criticisms received by Jose Rizals novel Noli Me Tangere. "Dasalan" was parody of the prayer books used by the Church, while "Ang Sampung Kautusan" was a satirical take on the Ten Commandments, which highly ridiculed the Spanish friars. Jose Rizal was recognized as the great novelist of the Propaganda Movement. He was the first Filipino become famous for his written works. He wrote a poem entitled Sa Aking mga Kababata when he was only eight years old. His novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, clearly depicted the sufferings of the Filipinos and the rampant abuses committed by the friars in the colony. Because of his criticisms of the government and the friars, Rizal made a lot of enemies. He was executed at Bagumbayan (later renamed Luneta Park and now called Rizal Park) on December 30, 1896.

Doroteo Cortes- prepare a manifesto exposing the grievances of the Filipinos against the Spanish colonial government, and submit petitions for the armed intercession of Germany, United States, United Kingdom, and France; La Solidaridad- a purely Filipino organization was established in Barcelona on December 31, 1888, Graciano Lopez Jaena- Vice President of La solidaridad. Marcelo H. del pilar- he joined the group and helped prepare the issues. Mariano Ponce- one of the contributors of La Solidaridad wahich has a pseudonym of Naning, Kalipulako or Tigbalang. Antonio Luna- one of the contributors of La Solidaridad wahich has a pseudonym of Taga-ilog. Pedro Serrano Laktaw- was sent by Marcelo H. del Pilar to the Philippines to establish the first Masonic lodge in Manila. Lodge Nilad- was founded on January 6, 1892, the first Masonic lodge in Manila. Miguel Morayta was a Spanish historian, statesman, professor, and friend of the Filipino people during Spanish colonial rule. Morayta was a member of Circulo

Hispano-Filipino-- a group of reformists who wants the Spanish government to grant Filipinos and its government fundamental rights which every Spanish national enjoy. La Liga Filipina - (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive organization created by Dr. Jos Rizal in the Philippines in a house at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892. Ambrosio Salvador- President of La Liga Filipina. KKK- was a government itself with a constitution promulgated in 1892, and another constitution replacing the first one in 1894. The central government of the Katipunan was vested in a Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Court) with the officials aforementioned. Its official revolutionary name is Kataas-taasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mg Anak ng Bayan. Andres Bonifacio- a member of the La Liga Filipina, founded the Katipunan in a house in Tondo, Manila.[5] Bonifacio did establish the Katipunan when it was becoming apparent to anti-Spanish Filipinos that societies like the La Liga Filipina would be suppressed by colonial authorities. Katipun- one of the three grades of membership in the Katipunan. Katipun was the first grade or the associate, wore a black mask at the Katipunan meetings. His password was Anak ng Bayan. Kawal- one of the three grades of membership in the Katipunan. Kawal was the second grade or the soldier, wore a green mask. His password was GOM-BUR-ZA. Bayani- one of the three grades of membership in the Katipunan. Bayani was the third grade or the patriot, wore a red mask. His password was Rizal, the honorary president of the Katipunan. Deodato Arellano- President of the first election of the Supreme Council. Andres Bonifacio- Comptroller of the first election of the Supreme Council. Gregoria de Jesus- member of the Katipunan, Bonifacios wife who was called the Lakambini of the Katipunan. Kalayaan- the organ of the Katipunan, pinted under the supervision of Emilio Jacinto and two patriotic printers, Faustino Duque and Ulpiano Fernandez. Emilio Jacinto - called as the Brains of the Katipunan. He wrote several papers during the Revolution like the Kartilya (Primer). Kartilla- a word adopted from the Spanish cartilla which at that time meant a primer for grade school students.

Pio Valenzuela- acting as Bonifacios emissary sailed to Dapitan to get Rizals support for the armed revolution. To cover his real mission from Spanish authorities, he brought with him a blind man named Raymundo Mata, who was in need of Dr. Rizals medical services. Teodoro Patino- on August 19 the katipunan was finally discovered. Teodoro Patino, a member of the Katipunan betrayed the secrecy of it. Mariano Gil- an Augustinian parish curate, whom Teodoro Patino said the secrecy of the Katipunan.