Synopsis for the proposed Ph.

D work in Physics

Molecular structure studies of some Catecholamine derivatives

By Mmmm

Guide: DR.B.H.Doreswamy Prof. and Head

Department of Physics

SJB Institute of Technology

BGS Health & Education city Kengeri ,Bangalore-60

Molecular structure of some Catecholamine derivatives

Catecholamines are not sterically blocked and it is intend to react which metal ions to form complexes. These catecholamines are well known drugs in the treatment of Asthma, hypertension, parkinsons disease, myocardial infarction etc., catecholamine derivatives such as Dopamine, L-Dopa, pyrocatochol, epinephrine or adrenaline, norepinephrine complexes with metals like lanthanum nitrate, uranyl nitrate, platinum, gold etc, have been examined for antibacterial and antifungal effect in vitro. They resemble one another chemical in having an aromatic portion (catechol) to which is attached an amine, or nitrogen-containing group epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are also hormones, are secreted by the adrenal medulla, and norepinephrine is also secreted by some nerve fibers. These substances prepare the body to meet emergencies such as cold, fatigue and shock, and norepinephrine is probably a chemical transmitter at nerve synapses. Dopamine is an intermediate in the synthesis of epinephrine; in addition, deficiency do dopamine in the brain is responsible for the symptoms of the condition Parkinsonism, medical administration of the drug L-dopa, which is presumed to be converted to dopamine in the brain, relieves the symptoms. Epinephrine is used medically to stimulate heartbeat and to treat emphysema, bronchitis and bronchial asthma and other allergic conditions as well as in the treatment of the eye disease glaucoma. The catecholamine derivatives act as ligands. Ligands are those neutral molecules or ions (usually anions) which are attached with the central metal ion is known as co-ordination number or legancy of the complex. Based on the experimental results, it is known that some of the complexes exhibit considerable biological activity. Most of the metal ions generally meet these requirements well and readily form complexes. Nearly all metal atoms or ions of the periodic table co-ordination compounds. The reason for persistent in the complexes containing OH and NH 2 groups are many. The most important ones among them are viz; their role in various biological, pharmaceutical, industrial and chemical processes. Certain co-ordination compounds which occur in nature are of great biological importance. The participation of metaloproteins in respiratory, photosynthetic, nitrogenfixation, biosynthetic and metabolic processes are essential for the life processes. A number of neurotransmitters in addition to acetylcholine have been identified. An established neurotransmitter meets several criteria. Fist, microinjection of the proposed

transmitted in to the synaptic cleft must elicit the same response as does excitation of the presynaptic nerve. Second, the presynaptic nerve terminals must be rich in this substance. The isolation of synaptic vesicles containing putative transmitter is the strongest evidence in this regard. Third, the presynaptic nerve must release the postulated transmitter at the right time and in quantity sufficiently to act on the post synaptic nerve. Several catecholamines meet these criteria. For example norephinephrine is the transmitter at smooth-muscle junctions that are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers, in contrast with parasympathetic junctions in which acetylcoline in the transmitter. Epinephrine and dopamine are two other catecholamine transmitters. In fact, there catecholmines are synthesized form tyrosine in sympathetic-nerve terminals and in the adrenal gland. The fist step, which is rate limiting, is the hydroxylation of tyrosine to form 3,4-dihydrixyphenylalanine (dopa). This reaction is catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase, which is like phenylalanine hydroxylase. Molecular oxygen is activated by tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor. The second step, is the decarboxylation of dopa by dopa decarboxylase, a pyridoxal phosphate enzymine, to yield 3,4dihydrozyphenylethylamine (dopamine). Dopamine is then hydroxylated to norepinephrine by a copper containing hydroxylase. Finally, epinephrine is formed by the methylation of norepinephrine by a transmethylase that utilizes S-adenosylmethionine. Catecholamine neurotransmitters are in activated by methylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of the catachol ring. This reaction is catalyzed by catechol-O-methyltransferase, which uses S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donar. Alternatively, these neurotransmitters can inactivated by oxidative removal of their amino group by manoamine oxidase. In view of this, the crystal and molecular structure studies of some derivatives of catecholamine have been taken up to understand their medicinal properties. Using single crystal X-ray crystallography, we can study the properties such as activity correlation, conformation of the molecules, hydrogen bonding etc.

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