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Training Course on Satellite Altimetry and Its Application Cibinong, 12-16 October 2009
Outline
Observed sea level Mean Sea Level Tidal Level Extreme Level Exercise: Sea Level Processing
X (t) = Observed sea level Zo (t) = Mean Sea Level T (t) = Tidal Level
S (t) = Surge (extreme) Level
How do we observe?
After 90 stations 10 analog and 80 digital 57 tsunami capable (real time) 22 near real time
Graphical float gauge; direct measurement via floating mass Digital float gauge; capable of performing real time data transmission
VSAT is currently the best choice for a real time data transmission and its flexibility to add data transmission of other sensors: GPS and Meteo Sensor PASTI/BGAN would be the most preferable if a special rate is available Radio requires tower due to inter station visibility
GTS/Meteosat
Pasti
Radio
PROCESSING CENTER
Sea Level Centre
DISPLAY
InaTEWS Centre
Data Communication
Public Access
BGAN
VSAT
PASTI
VSAT/VPN IP
GSM
GTS
Database Server
Dedicated Access
Tidal Datum
Tsunami ; an extreme sea level..
Semarang
Sorong
Tanjung Priuk
Jepara
Tide Generating Force Astronomical constellation of Moon, Sun and other planets toward the Earth generating sea tide
Moon
Earth
Tidal Description
High Water : a water level maximum (High Tide) Low Water : A water level minimum (Low Tide) Mean Tide Level : the mean water level, relative to A reference point , averaged over a long ttime Tidal Range: High and Low Tide difference Daily Inequality: two successive low or high tide difference Spring Tide: the tide following full and new Moon Neap Tide: the tide following the first and last quarter of the Moon phases
0.25-1.5
Mixed, mainly semidiurnal two high and low waters each day during most of the time, only one high and low water during neap tides
1.5-3
Mixed, mainly diurnal 1 dominant high and low water per day, 2 high and low waters during spring tide. Diurnal one high and low water each day
>3
Tidal Analysis
Tides can be represented as the sum of tidal constituents, each has its amplitude, period and phase The amplitude, period and phase of each tidal constituent can be extracted from observations by harmonic analysis Practical tidal prediction uses more then 60 of tidal constituents derived from 1 year observations
Harmonic Constants
Major Constants
Name Z0 M2 S2 K1 O1 N2 K2 Description Mean Sea Level (MSL) Principal lunar semidiurnal constituent. Principal solar semidiurnal constituent. Lunisolar diurnal constituent Lunar diurnal constituent. Larger lunar elliptic semi diurnal constituent. Smaller lunar elliptic semi diurnal constituent.
Harmonic Constants
MSM, MM, MSF, MF
Description
Long period
ALP1, Q1, SIG1, Q1, RHO1, O1, TAU1, Diurnal BET1, NO1, CHI1, P1, K1, PHI1, THE1, J1, SO1, OO1 OQ2, EPS2, 2N2, MU2, N2, NU2, M2, Semi diurnal MKS2, LDA2, L2, S2, , MSN2, ETA2 MO3, M3, SO3, MK3, SK3 MN4, M4, SN4, MS4, MK4, S4, SK4 MK5, SK5 MN6, M6, MS6, MK6, SM6, MSK6 Third Diurnal Fourth Diurnal Fifth Diurnal Sixth Diurnal
Tide Prediction Quality data time series results in good model Better identification of error budget
JAKARTA
Removing tide effect from the record Need to introduce low pass digital filters The remaining is approximately turbulence generated by tsunami MATLAB Script is written by: Walters, R. A. and Heston,
C., 1982. Removing the tidal-period variations from time-series data using low-pass digital filters. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 12 112-115
2008 2009
17 Nov 2008
Tide Processing
Data Processing
Tide Prediction
Thanks ..