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Michael Arango Info from: Lyndsey Housman Period 3 February 15, 2011

A Study of Chemical Equilibrium Purpose:


The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the nature of equilibrium reactions and the application of LeChatelier's Principle. LeChatelier's Principle states: If an equilibrium system is subjected to a stress, the equilibrium shifts to partially relieve the stress and returns to an equilibrium state.

Introduction:
In the study of chemical reactions to this point, the assumption has been made that most reactions have proceeded from reactants to products until at least one of the reactants was completely consumed. However, in some reactions, the products remain in contact with each other and if the energy requirement is low enough, the products react to from the reactants again. When the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, a state of chemical equilibrium is said to exist. In this lab, you will investigate the effect of adding or removing a reactant or product on relative equilibrium concentrations.

Materials/Equipment:
Safety goggles Lab apron Beaker (100 ml) 3 test tubes (13 x 100 mm) Test tube rack .1 M HCl NaCl .1 M NaOH .2 M Fe(NO3)3 .1 M KSCN

Procedure:
PART I: Solubility Equilibrium for NaCl 1. Fill a small test tube full with saturated NaCl solution. Add a few drops of

concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl, found on the teacher's desk. CAUTION! 2. Observe and record your observations. Carefully discard the solution, clean. PART II: Acid-Base Equilibrium 1. Fill a clean small test tube with distilled water. Add 2 drops of HBB 2. Add 1.0M HCl, one drop at a time, until a definite color change occurs throughout the solution. Stir with a glass rod after each addition. What is the color of the solution now? 3. Now add 1.0M NaOH, one drop at a time, again with stirring after each addition, until another definite color change occurs. What is the color now? 4. Again add 1.0M HCl until another color change occurs. Note color. 5. Fill in the flow chart diagram of the additions and color changes as a summary of your observations for this part. PART III: Iron III Thiocyanate Equilibrium 1. Measure 2.0 mL of 0.2M Fe(NO3)3 solution using a graduate and pour it into a 100 mL beaker. Note color. After thoroughly rinsing the graduate, measure 4.0 mL 0.1 M KSCN in to the beaker. Using the graduations on the beaker, dilute the reaction mixture with distilled water to the 80 mL mark. Mix thoroughly. 2. Set-up four small test tubes in a test tube rack. Fill each with 4 mL portions of the reaction mixture. The first test tube will be used for color comparisons. Set it aside. 3. To the second test tube add 10 to 15 drops of 0.2M Fe(NO 3)3 solution. Stir. Hold the first and second test tube side-by-side over a piece of white paper. Look down through the solutions to compare intensities. Does the second test tube have a darker, lighter, or equivalent color intensity as the first test tube? Record. 4. To the third test tube add 10 to 15 drops of 0.1M KSCN solution. Stir. Compare the color intensity to the first test tube as before. Record. 5. To the fourth test tube add 5 to 10 drops of 1.0M NaOH solution. Stir. Again, compare color intensity and record.

Data Analysis:
Stress (ion added or removed) Part A Step 2: ClPart B Step 2: OHStep 3: Step 4: Part C Observations Change in Concentration (increase, decrease, no change) NaCl (cr) <-> Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Increase decrease increase Yellow blue + (aq) + BB-(aq) HBB (aq) + H2O <-> H Decrease decrease decrease increase Pale brown red

White Precipitate Color Change Green Blue Blue Clear Green at Clear Blue

Test Tube 1: Test Tube 2: Test Tube 3:

Light Red Darker Red Orange Yellow


Original color = dark red

Fe3+ (aq)

+ SCN- (aq) <-> FeSCN2+ (aq)

Conclusion:
1.

2.

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