Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2000
Manitoba Education and Training
510
Senior 4 pre-calculus mathematics. Answers to cumulative exercises: a supplement to a foundation for implementation. ISBN 0-7711-2872-X 1. Mathematics-Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Calculus-Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Mathematics-Study and teaching (Secondary). 4. Calculus-Study and teaching (Secondary). I. Manitoba. Dept. of Education and Training.
Copyright 2000, the Crown in Right of Manitoba as represented by the Minister of Education and Training. Manitoba Education and Training, School Programs Division, 1970 Ness Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3J OY9. Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, please inform Manitoba Education and Training. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Sincere thanks to the authors and publishers who allowed their original material to be adapted or reproduced.
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Manitoba Education and Training gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals in the development of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Answers to Cumulative Exercises: A Supplement to A Foundation for Implementation. Senior 2-4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Revision Committee John Barsby Lynn Batten Joseph Combiadakis Abdou Daoudi David Klassen William Korytowski Viviane Leonard J ayesh Maniar Don Nichol Hilliard Sawchuk Connie Shaver Kathy Tetlock Don Trim Barb Vukets Wayne Watt Alan Wells St. John's-Ravenscourt Department of Mathematics Bureau de l'education francaise Notre Dame Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Sisler High College Beliveau Oak Park High Whitemouth School Rivers Silver Heights Collegiate School Programs Division Department of Mathematics River East Collegiate School Programs Division Winnipeg Independent Schools University of Manitoba Manitoba Education and Training Mountain S.D. No 28 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 St. Boniface S.D. No.4 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Manitoba Education and Training University of Manitoba River East S.D. No.9 Manitoba Education and Training
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Cumulative Exercises Committee John Barsby Barry Boothe Judy Bowes Ruth Dyck John Enns Lyn Jannuska Dennis Kasian David Klassen Bill Korytowski Kelly Livesley Joyce McCallum Don Nichol Christine Ottawa Larry Ruppel Gordon Smith Ketri Wilkes St. John's-Ravenscourt Fort Richmond Collegiate St. John's-Ravenscourt Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Crocus Plains Regional River East Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Balmoral Hall University of Winnipeg Collegiate Morden Collegiate Whitemouth School St. John's High School River East Collegiate MacGregor Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Independent Schools Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Independent Schools Independent Schools Independent Schools Brandon S.D. No. 40 River East S.D. No.9 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Independent Schools Independent Schools Western S.D. No. 47 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 River East S.D. No.9 Pine Creek S.D. No. 30 St. James Assiniboia S.D. No.2
III
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Field Validation (Pilot) Project (1997-2000) Dave Barnes Darryl Bohart Barry Boothe** Chris Boumford Judy Bowes Paul Carpenter Pat Clark Kim Deamel Darren Deserranno* Ruth Dyck John Enns Dean Favoni Arlyn Filewich Harland Garinger Jan Gibson Eva Goldfeld Chuck Hatfield Jerry Hildebrand Erwin Hildebrandt Greg J akubec Lyn J annuska Brian Johnston** Dennis Kasian Doug Kinney Dave Klassen Peter Kula Doug Kutcher Don Lepper Kelly Livesley* Tanis Macdonald Bill Marshall Joyce McCallum Pat McCrea Ralph McKay Patty Miller Les Mitchell Mike Nantais Neelin High River East Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Shaftesbury High St. John's-Ravenscourt Morden Collegiate Gordon Bell School Carman Collegiate Swan Valley Regional Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Westgate Mennonite Collegiate Dakota Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Hapnot Collegiate Kelvin High Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Shaftesbury High Vincent Massey Collegiate River East Collegiate Oak Park High Crocus Plains Regional Whitemouth School River East Collegiate Neelin High R.D. Parker Collegiate Springfield Collegiate Whitemouth School Sanford Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Vincent Massey High Swan Valley Regional Morden Collegiate Portage Collegiate Windsor Park Collegiate R.D. Parker Collegiate Fort Richmond Collegiate Boissevain School Brandon S.D. No. 40 River East S.D. No.9 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Independent Schools Western S.D. No. 47 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Midland S.D. No. 25 Swan Valley S.D. No. 35 Independent Schools Independent Schools St. Vital S.D. No.6 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Flin Flon S.D. No. 46 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Winnipeg S.D. No.1 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 River East S.D. No.9 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 River East S.D. No.9 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Transcona-Springfield S.D. No. 12 Agassiz S.D. No. 13 Morris-Macdonald S.D. No. 19 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Swan Valley S.D. No. 35 Western S.D. No. 47 Portage la Prairie S.D. No. 24 St. Boniface S.D. No.4 Mystery Lake S.D. No. 2355 Fort Garry S.D. No.5 Turtle Mountain S.D. No. 44
Iv
Answers to Cumulative
Exercl s
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Don Nichol* Joe Oczerklewicz** Rob Pehura Norm Roseman Larry Ruppel John Scott Mark Sefton Gordon Smith Edith Steeves Wanda Stockford Jim Stuparyk Hans Tauchnitz Egon Ulrich** Ketri Wilkes Rick Williamson Frank Wilson
Whitemouth School John Taylor Collegiate Winnipegosis Collegiate Grant Park High River East Collegiate Dakota Collegiate Vincent Massey High MacGregor Collegiate Joseph H. Kerr Miami Collegiate Kelvin High Oak Park High Springfield Collegiate John Taylor Collegiate Arthur Meighen High Vincent Massey Collegiate
Agassis S.D. No. 13 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Duck Mountain S.D. No. 34 Winnipeg S.D. No. 1 River East S.D. No.9 St. Vital S.D. No.6 Brandon S.D. No. 40 Pine Creek S.D. No. 30 Swan Lake S.D. No. 2309 Midland S.D. No. 25 Winnipeg S.D. No. 1 Assiniboine South S.D. No.3 Transcona-Springfield S.D. No. 12 St. James-Assiniboia S.D. No.2 Portage la Prairie S.D. No. 24 Fort Garry S.D. No.5
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Notes
vi
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
SenIor 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements Exercise 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
~H
New Topic Presented Degree and Radian Measure The Unit Circle 2 3 1
Solving Trigonometric Equations on a Specified Interval General Solution of Trigonometric Equations Graphing Circular Functions Translations 9 11 15 7 6
Horizontal and Vertical Stretches Symmetry, Reflections, and Inverses Graphing Reciprocals 18 21 24
Sum and Difference Identities I Sum and Difference Identities II Double Angle Identities Exponential Functions 35 37 40
vII
Senior4 Pre-CalculusMathematics
Answersto Cumulativeexercises
Exercise 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II Natural Logarithms
52
D-8 E-1
57
Circular Permutations
Binomial Theorem
E-4
36 37 38 39 40 41 42
67
Sample Spaces
viII
Exercise 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Ix
Notes
A-1
b. -
-2n 3
c.
23n 9
d.
1m
6
b. 165
5n 4. 18 5.
n
c. 150.9 6. 7.5
d. -56.3 7. 15 13
14
b. [; , n) b. IV b. III
15.
X2
16. a. x = -3 3-v'2 17. x = -18 18. a. x(x + 3)(x- 1) 19. (-6, 12) and (2, 4) 20. x=--
-7.J97 b. x=--2
b. x = 0, x = 1, x = -3
d-b
a+c
Senior 4 Pre-calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
A-2
b. IV b. 3300 b.
c. IV
c. 1200 1m
d. I d. 150 d. 3
0
7n
5n
4
c.
2n
4. a. I, II
c. II
d. IV
5. a.
(:' !)
(--JlO -3-JlO)
10' 10
d. (0,-1)
7.
cos8=-
8. tan 8 =
-.Ji5
3
12. Students could explain the following: division of unit circle values of each quadrantal angles how to determine if greater than one revolution approximate and/or exact values
= 3
15. k = 4
16.0A=M
b. 2.[5 +8
19. (3x-4)(4x-3)
=0; x=-,
4 3
x=-
3 4
9 20. y = 10( x - 20
)2 - 40 1
Answers to Cumulative
exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
A-3
b. --
--13 2
c. -1
d.
2 -J2
e. -1
f. -1
2.
a. -
-J2 2
b. --
--13 2
3.J6 +2-13 6
c. -3
--13
d.
3. a. 3
-13
b.
-13.
3
71t
.!.
2
5. a.
tt
b.
71t
6
1t
6. a.
4' 4
-13
2
51t
b.
6'
-
c. 3
41t
d. 3
21t
7. a.
b.
-J2
2
c. -3
--13
d. 2
9. a. 11.4 em
b. 6.2 em"
11. 82.5
1t 1t 1t 12 . -, -, - ra di lans 244
Continued 3
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
A-3
14.
---/2
4
16.
x-4
+
1
1 1
- - - -1- - - - - - ... r=
1
x-intercept ( - ~, 0) y-intercept ( 0, - ~)
A-4
2. 0, -, -,
n 5n n,2n 6 6
-
3.
2n 5n
3'
5n
4.
2n 5n
3' 3'
5.
5n 7n 6' 6
6.
2n 4n
3'
7. 4
8.
2n 4n
3
4n II. 3
12. Slne= --
-~
4
13. P(27n)= (-1, 0) which is between Quadrants II and III. See full solutions for
different methods. 14. The answer is d. See full solutions for explanations. -3 15. cose=5 4 16. a. 5 17. -1 18. B 19. Domain: R 20. (2, 4) Range:y ~-8 3 b. 5
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
exercises
A-5
3. 8 = kn; where k is an integer 4. 8 = n + 2kn, 5n + 2kn, 7n + 2kn, 1m + 2kn, where k is an integer 6 6 6 6 5. 8 = 3n + 2kn, 2kn, where k is an integer 2 6. (J = 2n + 2kn, 4n + 2kn, where k is an integer 3 3 7. 8 = n + 2kn, 5n + 2kn, where k is an integer
8. 8 = n + 2kn, where k is an integer 2 n 2n 4n 5n 9. 8= - - - 3' 3' 3' 3 11. 8 = n -13} 13. Range: {y ~ 4 16. a. 3.40 17. $6691.13
10. 8= 12
(J _
3n
7n -at -5n
. -"6'6'2
15. 18 em
18.
Ji3
= 3, y = 4, Z = -5
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
A-6
2. a. I 3.
b. 21r
c. {8
9t]
d. {-I:5: y :5:I}
e. kn; where k
f(8)
-2
4. a. I
b. 21r
c. teE 9t}
d. {-I:5: f( e) :5:1}
e. 2 + k1r, where k
1r
5. Identical amplitude, period, domain, and range. The curves would coincide if the cosine curve was shifted ; units to the right. 6.
Continued 7
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
A-6
"2' where k
TC
9. a. (-2TC
b. (-2TC, -TC)
(0, TC)
10. No solution. 11. Insert on same axes y = sin x. Indicate coordinates of points of intersection.
y= -
-J3
2
. 2TC An swer IS x = -TC an d 3 3 12. Insert the graph of y = 2 sin" 0 + sin 0 - 2 and indicate zeroes. 0= 0.896, 2.246
13. cscO=--
-.J2i
3
14.
10TC
B(.! --J3J
2' 2
17. 30.36 km
18. fix)
= -6x
+ 36
20. a. fi3)
= 6, M3)) = 3
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-1
Exercise 7: Translations
1. a.
b.
c.
2 -2 2
-2
-2
2. a.
b.
-2 -2
2 2
c.
3. a.
b.
-2 2
c.
2
-2
4. a.
b.
. c.
Continued
9
8-1
Exercise 7: Translations 5.
5
6.
5
4
-7r
-1
27r
-2
27r
-2
s 4}
= g(x)
+4
b. g(x) = fix) - 4
Tt:
13n
15n
21n
23n
12'
{x
E
12' 9\}
12'
--r2'
12
Range: {Os y
s 2}
13. See full solution. 14. Two possible answers are: (cos ()+ l)(sin ()- 1) = 0 cos"()+ cos () = 0 Other answers are possible. 15.
y.
16. fix)
1 = 6" (x
or fix)
x
3"(x
17. x
= 5 and
18. 12 19. a. y
b. y 20. X2 + 8x + 17
= 2x = - 2x
+ 16
10
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-2
b.
c.
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
2. a.
b.
-5 -5 5 5
c.
-5
3. a.
3 2
b.
6.28
-2 -3
s I}
s 3}
-1 -2 -3 -2 -3
s I}
s 2}
Continued 11
Senior 4 Pre-Calculu8
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
8-2
-3
-2
-3 -1 -1 2
6.
3
-2
-1 -1 -2 -3
Continued 12
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-2
9. a. fix) = g(2x)
b. g(x) =
f(~
x)
10. 76n + 2kn, l!n + 2kn, 3 n + 2kn, where k is an integer 2 11. 2 cos" 0 12. 0 =
.J3 cos 0 = 0
k
E
13.
14.
I Y
I I I I I I I I I I I
Domain: {x 1 x;/:- 3} Range: {y Iy $; - 11.65 and y ~ -O.34} Note: Values for range are approximate.
/Ii
I Continued
13
B-2
16. See full solutions. (Hint: What is the measure of the central angle?) 17.
5 5
y2 = x is a parabola, but
y
=.J;
is a semi-parabola.
-5
10
15
y
-5 -5
=-Vx
.!or
14
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-3
2.
3.
-1
-2 -2
-1
4. a. even
b. neither
c. even
d. odd
e. even
f. even
5. a. Equations i., iii., and iv. are symmetric with respect to the y-axis. b. Replace y with -:y. If there is no change in x, then the graph is symmetrical with the x-axis. 6. a. y = sin x is symmetrical to neither axis. b. y = cos x is symmetrical to the y-axis. 7. a. y = -2x - 4 8. b. y = -2x + 4
9. a. .
1
b..
Continued
15
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
8-3
x=3
4 5 6
y=2
b.
x=-3
x=3
=2
y=
12. a.
-5
b.
5 -2 -1 1 2 4 5
c.
-3
-5
Continued
16
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
B-3
7t
14.
e = 0.7298
15.
16.
3.J5
e = 0.34 or 2.80
b.
17. a.
-1
18.
This is a semi-parabola.
= a(x -
l)(x - 3).
17
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
8-4
b.
3 4 5
------~
------------
Domain: Reals, x :t 0 Range: Reals, y:t-2 1 Zeroes: 2" Domain: Reals, x:t-3 Range: Reals, y:t-4 -11 Zeroes:
4
2.
-7
-5
-4 I I I I I
-2
-1 -1 -2
I
I
----------r-----~
I
I
I
-5
I
I I I I
-7
3.
3 2
Domain: {x
9t I x :t 2}
Zeroes: None
Domain:
4'~
{x E
9t}
Continued 18
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
B-4
-3.14
3.14
.:
6.28
I}
\ ....
1~
. . .
8. IV 9.
-2.J3
3
b. 3265.860
c. -487.0r
d. -39600
= 2.419,
3.864
J! !L
1 1 1 1 (0,1-1) 1 1 1
"
Continued
19
b . k=-4
c. k <
1 -4
or k > 0
18. () = 0,
3' n, 3' 2n
b.
1
19. a.
c.
d.
20
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
B-5, B-6
2.
2
3.
-3
-2
-1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
5.
6.
-3 -2 -1 -1 -2
1
-2
2
-3
7.
8.
-1
-1
Continued
21
c.
-3
-2
-1 -1
-1
Zeroes: 0
Zeroes: 1..J1:5
s I}
b.
Domain: -6 ~ x ~ 1 Range: -2 ~y c.
Domain: -2 ~ x
s~
s2
d.
Range: -2 ~y ~ 2
Domain: -4 ~ x
s3
Domain:
""2
-1
~x
s3
Range: -1 ~y ~ 3
Range: -2 ~y ~ 2
n
13.
e = 1.0472, 5.2360 or e =
3'
5n
Continued
22
B-5, B-6
= Ix - 31 + 5
c. fix) = ~5x-3
+5
3'
-2
-1 -1
18. 2 19.
~
2 ~ -4 -2 -2 -4 2 4 6 8 10 12
~
-8
23
j ......
.
~
...... . . . . . . . .......
1"
8.
4 3 2
-1
Continued 24
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
8-6
-2
Range: {-I S Y S 1}
Range: {-2 S Y S 2}
Range: {-I S Y S I}
Period:1l" Amplitude: 1
c.
-1 -1
-a14
3.14
6.28
Range: {OSy S I}
Range: {OS Y S I}
Range: {2 S Y S 3}
Period:
11.
1l"
Period: 1l"
Period:1l"
+-~~--+---4---~--~---+--~x
Continued 25
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
8-6
14.
{-9 ~ x
{-2 ~y
s 12}
s 2}
x-I
16.
x=l
246
17. C 18. E
19. n = 3
26
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
B-7
4. Y = 3cos2x
5. Y 6. a.
= 2+2
Sin(~ X) or y = 2 cos [~ (x - ; )] + 2
b. 12.5 hours c. 5.54 hours
20
10
15
20
7. Y= 13.9-9.7COS(:~(t-26))
8. 18.5
9. 87 days
10. 80.41
Continued 27
B-7
d. 6.1436
14. a. 4 15.
=1
b. 5
c. 3
d. 2 16.
4
e. 1
~:
-5 --4 -3 -2
3 2
=2
t
4-
1~ 123456 -2 -3
b. 75--/2
18. k = -16 19. y = 3, x = 121 20. a. Infinitely many b. y
= x(x
2), y
= 5x(x -
28
C-1
c.
e e
sin'' e
1- cos"
2. a.
c.
cos" e
3. a. 1
b. 1
c. I-
I
sin" e
4. See full solutions for proof. 5. See full solutions for proof. 6. See full solutions for proof. 7. See full solutions for proof. 8. See full solutions for proof. 9. 10. 11.
e = 47t'
e=
57t' 3 ' 3
b. IV
c. IV
d. III
-3-fi
7
Continued
29
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
C-1
14.
(-1 -.J3J
2' 2
15. 0= 3n 7n 2 ' 4
30
.
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics
C-1
13.
e = n + 2kn,
3
14. See full solutions for proof. 15. a. 3.92699 16. a. 120 17. y = 9 18. C 20. r-l(5) = 13
4
b. 3.7699 b. 150
c. 2.1817
d. 1.8236 d. 135
c. 240
31
2.
.J2+-J6
4
4. a.
.J2+-J6
4
b.
.J2--J6
4
c.
-2--J3
-2--J3
7.
.J2--J6
4
8. a.
1023 1025
b.
64
1025
c.
1025
64
d. 1
9. y=sm
. ( t+ 31t')
2
y = - cost
10. 4
Continued
32
11. sec8=--
--J85
7
12. 8 = 0.7227, 3.1416, 5.5605 13. See full solutions for proof. 14. See full solutions for proof. 15. See full solutions for proof. 16. d 17.
1.498
-1
=1
d. 60n
33
a)
2. tan(8 _ n) 6
3. sec(n + 8) =
4
cos 8 - sin 8 1 2
J2
5. a. 2
J2
b.
b. Quadrant IV 8. See full solutions for proof. 10. See full solutions for proof.
7. See full solutions for proof. 9. See full solutions for proof. 11. See full solutions for proof. 63 12. tan(a - f3) =16 13. Possible solutions: a. sint = cos(tb. sin t ;) or cos(t+
3;)
= sin(t
c. See full solutions for possible proof. 14. 8 = 3.66 + 2kn , 5.76 + 2kn , where k is an integer.
16. 8 = 1.23, 1.57, 4.71, 5.05 17. (sin x - cos x)(sin2 x + sin x cos x + cos"x) 18. (tan x + cot xntan" x + cot" X 19. See full solutions for proof.
-
1)
34
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
C-2
3. 4.
--13
= -7 25
8. sin28 = 12M 49 9.
y
= cos28
y=~
For alternate method, see solutions. 8 = 0.262, 2.880, 3.403, 6.021 10. See full solutions for proof. 11. See full solutions for proof. 12. See full solutions for proof. 13. cot8 =-2
-J5
Continued 35
C-2
2.J3 -6
3
= cos x
b. cos(~ - x ) = sin x
19. a.
20. a. quadratic b. (4, 2) c. four units to the right and two units up
36 ,
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-1
2. a.
b. Both pass through (0,1). Both have the same domain and range. Both have the same horizontal asymptotes.
f(x)
__ -1 t-++-+ _
(;J
fix) = (~)
is a decreasing function.
3. a.
-3
-2
-1
4.
5. a. 2.5
b. 34.3
Continued
37
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
0-1
234 -1
14. a.
b.
3 -2 2
-1 -1
-1
234
Continued
38
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-1
16.
--3
-2
-1
-1
-1
(23 3~J
32' 32
4'
o= ~
5n 4
f( x) f( x)
= 3sin( x
- :)
cos( x _
3:)
39
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
0-2
= 2.5
= -3,-1
6. x=6 9. a. and c.
7. x
= -0.5
14 15
10.
11.
12. x-intercept: none y-intercept: 3 Domain: {x 1 x E 9t} Range: fy Iy > O} Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0
-1 -1
234
Continued 40,
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-2
4 2
-Q
-4
-2 -2 -4
-1
18.
19.
20.
41
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
0-3,0-4
b. log216 4 b. 43 1 b. 2
c. logl( - 16 4 c.
= 16
= 64
= 1. 5
c. 6
4.
-2
-2
-1
5 -1
-2
6.
3
Domain: (0, 00) Range: {y E 9t} y-intercept: none x-intercept: 1~5 Asymptote: x = 0
-1 -1
Continued 42
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-3,0-4
-2
-1 -1
-2
8.
-2
-1 -1
Asymptote: x = 1
-2
9. x = 2
1 10. x= 2
11. x =-1
12. x=3
13.
3
-2
-1
14.
-2
-1
Asymptote: y = 2
Continued 43
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
0-3,0-4
-1
2
-1
17.
-1
-1
-2
18.
-1
-1
19. 20.
2n
4n
44
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-5
1. a. 3
b. log( 3. a. log3x +
1 "2 log3Y
y2 4
-Jb)
t
-1
-1
-2
6.
"5
log36
7. 1.195, 1.723
9. a. log, 1296
=4
125
10. a. 82 = 64 11. Domain: (0,00) Range: {y E 9t} y-intercept: none x-intercept: 1 Asymptote: x = 0
Continued 45
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
0-5
b. x
=9
-1
-1 13. x= 3
14. x=-
15. The graphs are identical since Domain: {y E 9t} Range: (0,00) x-intercept: none y-intercept:
(3
X )
= 3- (3 = 3x1
X )
n 3n 5n 'lt:
18. a.
b. Period = 2
20. a.
b.
5 4
3.+ -2
.,~,
\-1
-1
2 2
-1
46
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-5
b. log26
3. a. 0.7781
b. 1.1461
c. 0.669
d. 0.6607
4. See full solutions for proof. 5. False 6. 0.935785 1 7. log, 3 + log, b + 2"loga(c + 1) -Iog, 4 - 2loga d
3
Continued 47
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
0-5
b.
c.
-2
-1
-1
16.
-1
x;
48
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-6
= 25
b. x b. {x
=5
E
c. 0, x:l: I}
X=
8"
2. a. x=4
~I x>
c. x
=0
3. b. and d.
4. a. x 5. a. x
10
b. x = 729 b. x
c. x = 1
= 25
= 48
c. x = 2
6. x
7. x
= -1,5 = -3,6
-3 =4
2
-J
-2
Continued 49
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
0-6
-2
-1
-1
16.
-5
10
17. x = 32.J3
18. y = 3sin(2x
19. y = 2 + x
-TC)
or y
= 3CO{2x+
;)
50
3. x = 3 6. x = 1.95 9. x = 1.445
x = -0.52
10
4.J146)
81 18.
6
-2
-4
19. 315.13 20. sin( 4;), sin( 5;), cos(5;), cos(7;), tan(2.428), tan(5.570)
51
0-7,0-8
-2
-2
3.
Property h(x) I!(x) fix) Domain {x I x E 5R} {x I x E 5R} {x I x E 5R} {y I y > O} {y I y > O} {y I y > -3} Range In3 == 1.1 x-intercept none none 1 -2 y-intercept == 0.05 Asymptote(s) y=O y=O y =-3
4.
jl(X) Property fix) {x I x E 5R} {x I x> O} Domain {Yly>O} {y lYE 5R} Range none x-intercept 1 1 none y-intercept Asymptote(s) y=O x=O
-2
5. a.
6. a. x = -329.58369
=8
d. x = 1.30472
b. x
= 3.466 years
Continued
52
Answers to Cumulative
exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
0-7,0-8
17.
3:14 -1 -2
6.28
2' A = 2, and
1r
C =-2
-./2 2
1 and Q =
-./2 - -J3
2
53
0-8
1. a. In[
(x _1)2Vx2 + 1
b. In(x-1)
100 2 . a. k = In 2 3. a. b. c. d. 4.
b. k =
-In 3
4
A = $5436.55 after 1 year A = $11 547.99 after 10 years Interest earned after 10 years is $ 6547.99 P = $13 160.18 is the initial investment.
After 20 years, there will be 673 gophers. The gophers' population will double after 7.3 years.
60
30
-2
Continued 54
0-8
-2
17.
4 18. 5 19. D
3 20. x = 0, 5, - 2
55
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
E-1
c. 504
d. 210
5. 4 ways 7. 240 meals 9. a. 6 ways 10. 240 ways 11. c. 12. See full solutions for proof. 2 13. x= 3 14. x
= 4.51
e=
17. T
= 0.12945
b. P
= 78.19 kPa
56
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
E-2
b. 1663200
b. 24 ways
c. 24 ways
d. 48 ways
b. 15
b. 1152
1 2
57
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
E-2
5. 30240 ways
6. 288 ways 7. 336 ways 8. a. 12 9. a. 1680 "words" 10. See full solutions. 11. [0, 1] 12. 5-1 = b. 2 b. 210 "words" c. 180 "words"
13. See full solutions for proof. 14. See full solutions for proof. 15. fix): R: {y I y > OJ;y-intercept is 1
g(x):
R: {y I y < OJ;y-intercept is -1
16. x = 4.11
Continued 58
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
E-2
~.28
-3.14
-1
-2
18 AB = 21l' . 3 19.
-4
-2
20. k = 4
59
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
E-2
b. 1440 ways
5. 21600 b. 220
6. 420
c. 420
b. 160
c. 14
16. n = 19
17. n = 5
60
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
E-2
c. 240 ways
.J2 II. 2
12. x=3 13. Quadrant III 14. a. x=-15. a. and c. 16. t=2 17. 8=0'3'3,2n
2n 4n
3 2
b. x
="3
20. a. i
= 5 cos (120m)
b. i
= -4.045
amperes
61
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
E-3
Both equal 28. Both equal 10. The answers, in each pair, are the same. The number of ways of choosing r objects from n is the same as the number of ways of leaving behind the n - r remaining objects. b. x = 4
b. 65 780 hands
= 15
12. 403,200 13. See full solution for proof. 14. 1995840 15. x=2 16. 5 17. a. 151351200 18. 132 4..[5 19. a. 9 1 b. 9 -7..[5 b. 10810800
22 20. a. 27
b.
-27
62
E4
b. 2048x22
11264x21 + 28160x20
7. 924
9. 9Cr(3af-r(6~~
10. 372736x2O 11. 450450 ways 12. 12600 ways 13. a. 80 ways 14. a. 13300 b. 1260 ways b. 1596000 c. 2520 ways
15. a. 0 ways or impossible b. 32 16. See full solutions for proof. 17. a. 666 863.31 18. a. 253 games 19 () = ~ . 6'
51t
b. $8832.16 e. $8902.16
c. $8878.56
63
4.
20C9
(x )11( -2y )9
5. 840x2 b. 56 b. 49 c. 1
6.
495 16
7. -42240x14
Domain: {x Ix E ~} Range: {y Iy > O} Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0 x-intercept: none y-intercept: 1 The graphs of fix) and g(x) are the same.
-1
-1
16. 240
b. 462
64
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
i=4x
c.
d.
2. a.
b.
y.
(y
(y - 3)
= 4(x + 5)
Continued 65
b.
(x -2)
2
y.
= -8(y + 1)
-3
(x +3) =
2
4y
Vertex (-3, 0)
y.
-1
(y +1)
= 20x
4"
1
=2
9. x =-2
=3
17
Tt: e = -+
(x -
1)2
=4
3. (x - 2)2 + (y + 2)2
= 52
4. a. (x + 1)2 + (y - 5)2 = 1 x
C(-l, 5), r: 1
5. a.
b.
6. a.
(Centre (2. 0)
b.
-2
Centre (-3, 2)
Continued 67
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
b.
10
-8
-s
-8
Centre (-1, 2)
X2
y2
"9 =
+
1 (y_3)2 4 =1
(X-2)2
b. Center: (2, 3); Equation: 9. See full solutions for proof. 10.
(x -
36
11. See full solutions for proof. 13. See full solutions for proof. 15. 360 numbers 17. 1.72271 19. B = 219.8 20. a. b.
18. 0.835
68 .
2. a.
b.
2ll
...
-2
Centre (0, 0)
-2
12
18
-20
3. a.
,
,
, , , ,,
, "
11
..
12
b.
\ /
/ /
'---------(
1\ 1 \
1 1
r', - - --
/
\ \ / /
1
1 1
10 , , ',I. ,,
,
\ \ / / \ /
, , , , ,,
-1
';L I'
\ \ \
,, ,, ,
-10 ,-8
-<I
--'
-a
-,
--'
",,
/ /
/
,, ,
/
/--------', ,
,,
X2
y2
4.
16
(y _
36
1)2
=1
(X -
5.
25
2)2 49
=1
Continued 69
7. a. ellipse
8. a.
c. circle b.
y.
d. parabola
x
x2_y~2 x2_y~1 x2_y~O.1
10. k = 1.6 11. 20 12. x = 8 13. 104 = 10000 14. See full solutions for proof. 15. 2903040 16. See full solutions for proof. 17. x = 15 18. a. 1.571, 3.142 b.
2'
7r
7r
2lx6 20. 2
70 ,
G-1, G-2
c. 2 points
1 d. 12
b. Dependent d. Independent
13 b. 52 b. 7 -
c.
1 -
52
6. a.
10
c. 1 (Certainty)
10 b. 36
Continued 71
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
G-1, G-2
= 7.838
12. 2.613
c. 6th term
d. 11 terms
-8
-16
15. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
parabola with vertical axis of symmetry parabola with horizontal axis of symmetry hyperbola circle oblique line ellipse horizontal line vertical line b. 10.9 g b. 2.08 and 5.22
16. a. 19.43 days 17. a. 5.85 and 3.57 18. 1 330 560 ways
19. 8 = 0.8411 + 2kn; 2.3005 + 2kn; 3.9827 + 2kn; 5.4421 + 2ktr, where k is an integer. 20. $2439.35
72
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
G-3
9. 9 31 10. 66 11. (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4) 12. Answers will vary. 13. ! 2 3 14. 13 15. 3.14 units"
Continued
73
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
G-3
I {x I x e ~} Domain I {y I y > O} Range Horizontal y=O y=O Asymptote Increasing Increasing none x-intercept none y-intercept 4 1
18. See full solutions for proof. 19. Middle term: ~; 3 20. 2
-252
945
74
b. 0.05292
4. 6
55
6.
7 -
13
1 7. 12 13 9. 51
1
1 8. 4
7880599 b. 8000000 1
,, ,, ,,
/ / / / /" /
r-,-I', I I ' .. / /,
-4
-- /f
// I I I
'-r-+-~~-r-ty~~-~,~T-;--r-+-+-'x
/
/ / / / / /
__
__ ~
3 b. 26
c.
"2
Continued 75
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
G-3
= X2 -
2x + 3 f. y-2=0
e. y =-rx h. 4x - 2y + 5
=0
i. y =
Ixl
20. 112.5917
76
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
G-4
77 160
7 3. 12
4 P(R) =
15
First Play
Second Play
Third Play
yJ
different
(Jane wins)
1 2
J~ K K (Kate wins)
J (neither wins)
b. 4
5 c. 8 b. 54912
d. 8
9. a. 624
10. x = 2
Continued
c. Dependent
11 d. 18
13.
14.
15. a. 0 16
d. P(A) PCB I A)
49
25
~,
<,
,,
__
,,
~
/ /
,,
__
/ /
__
,, ~'~~~~/~/
<, <,
<, /
/ / / / __
~~~
.x
/'W',
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / /
,,
,-,
<, <,
-,
<,
<, <,
-,
<, <,
""
-, -,
<,
-c
= "5
20. 1440
78
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
G-4
3. a. 0.26
4. 0.68 5. 8 -
b. 0.69
13 3
6. 8
5 7. 8 8. x=2 9. y =3
y. 5
4
Cos( x -
~)
Continued
79
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
G-4
80
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
G-5
c. -
1 3
2 3
17 b. 25
Continued
81
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
G-S
16.
(5,7)
(-1, -1)
(5, -9)
17. () = 3.6470 + 2kn, 6.0305 + 2kn, where k is an integer. 18. r = 9.13% 19. 116 396 280 20. 2.523658
82
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
H-1
=2
b. geometric, r e. neither
=2
c. arithmetic, d f. geometric, r
= -3
1 = 2"
= .J2
= -5
c. 6,
d. 8,4,2, ...
= 2(W)
c. fix) = (_2)%-1
d. f(x)
5. a. 384
= 20 (1)% 2
or f(x)
= 10(1)%-1 2
18 17 8
d. line
13. a.
b. hyperbola e. ellipse b. 15 32
c. parabola f. semi-parabola
15 28
Continued 83
H-1
b. 0.02093
c. 0.00095
d. 0.04539
0~02 +ve
0.98
-ve
=3
3'
~+1
()=
7r 57r 3
-
18. y =
19. True. (See full solutions for proof.) 20. a. 12600 b. 4200
84
Answers to Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
H-2
b. 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30 d. 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 30
b. I(4+2k)
k=l
Note: other expressions are possible. 4. a. and c. are arithmetic; d. and e. are geometric. 5. a. 384 6. a. 1000, 1050, 1102.5 7. a. 1023 d. 36 8. 995.81 9. 14.77 4 10. a. 13 11. a. 650 1 b. 9 b. 1406 1 c. 16 b. 765 b. 33065.95 c. 906.64 1)
b. 255.75 e.
X2(X 20 -
X2
-1
Continued 85
15
20
=0
b. 1120x4
86
H-3
d. 8
2 d. 3
b. 14 metres b. 4334.05
4 13
-2
Continued 87
H-3
"9 =-"2
15. See full solutions for proof. 16. 3.19 x 10-11 17. x = 1.5
19. (x + 3)2 _ y2 = 1 9
... ...
... <,
)0 12
-2
<,
<,
20. x = 6
...
88
----/