What is trade deficit? An economic measure of a negative balance of trade in which a country's imports exceeds its exports.

A trade deficit represents an outflow of domestic currency to foreign markets. 2. What is India's forex reserve? The market in which currencies are traded. The forex market is the largest, most liquid market in the world with an average traded value that exceeds $1.9 trillion per day and includes all of the currencies in the world. There is no central marketplace for currency exchange; trade is conducted over the counter. The forex market is open 24 hours a day, five days a week and currencies are traded worldwide among the major financial centers of London, New York, Tokyo, Zrich, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Singapore, Paris and Sydney. The forex is the largest market in the world in terms of the total cash value traded, and any person, firm or country may participate in this market Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves or FX reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits and bonds held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term in popular usage commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve positions. This broader figure is more readily available, but it is more accurately termed official international reserves or international reserves. These are assets of the central bank held in different reserve currencies, mostly the US dollar, and to a lesser extent the euro, the UK pound, and the Japanese yen, and used to back its liabilities, e.g. the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank, by the government or financial institutions.

The country's foreign exchange reserves declined by $286-million to $307.92billion following fall in foreign currency assets during the week ending April 15. Foreign currency assets, the biggest component of the foreign reserves were down $311-million to $277.37-billion for the week ended April 15, the Reserve Bank said in its weekly data released last evening. Country's gold reserves remained unchanged at 22.97-billion, the apex bank data said. 3. What is SEZ? A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic and other laws that are more free-market-oriented than a country's typical or

national laws. "Nationwide" laws may be suspended inside a special economic zone. The category 'SEZ' covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial parks or Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, Urban Enterprise Zones and others. Usually the goal of a structure is to increase foreign direct investment by foreign investors, typically an international business or a multinational corporation (MNC).

4. Why companies setup Sez? Considering the need to enhance foreign investment and promote exports from the country and realising the need that a level playing field must be made available to the domestic enterprises and manufacturers to be competitive globally, the Government of India had in April 2000 announced the introduction of Special Economic Zones policy in the country, deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations, duties and tariffs. As of 2007, more than 500 SEZs have been proposed, 220 of which have been created. This has raised the concern of the World Bank, which questions the sustainability of such a large number of SEZs. The Special Economics in India closely follow the PRC model. India passed special economic zone act in 2005. In India, the government has been proactive in the development of the SEZs. They have formulated policies, reviewed them occasionally and have ensured that ample facilities are provided to the developers of the SEZs as well as to the companies setting up units in the SEZs. SEZs in India In India, SEZs are the special zones created by the Government and run by Government-Private or solely Private ownership, to provide special provisions to develop industrial growth in that particular area. The government of India launched its first SEZ in 1965, in Kandla, Gujarat. The incentives and facilities offered to the units in SEZs for attracting investments into the SEZs, including foreign investment include:Duty free import/domestic procurement of goods for development, operation and maintenance of SEZ units 100% Income Tax exemption on export income for SEZ units under Section 10AA of the Income Tax Act for first 5 years, 50% for next 5 years thereafter and 50% of the ploughed back export profit for next 5 years. Exemption from minimum alternate tax under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act.

External Commercial Borrowing by SEZ units up to US $ 12500 billion in a year without any maturity restriction through recognized banking channels. Exemption from Central Sales Tax. Exemption from Service Tax. Single window clearance for Central and State level approvals. Exemption from State sales tax and other levies as extended by the respective State Governments. The major incentives and facilities available to SEZ developers include:Exemption from customs/excise duties for development of SEZs for authorized operations approved by the BOA. Income Tax exemption on income derived from the business of development of the SEZ in a block of 10 years in 15 years under Section 80-IAB of the Income Tax Act. Exemption from minimum alternate tax under Section 115 JB of the Income Tax Act. Exemption from dividend distribution tax under Section 115O of the Income Tax Act. Exemption from Central Sales Tax (CST). Exemption from Service Tax (Section 7, 26 and Second Schedule of the SEZ Act). (a) generation of additional economic activity (b) promotion of exports of goods and services; (c) promotion of investment from domestic and foreign sources; (d) creation of employment opportunities; (e) development of infrastructure facilities; 5. What are SMEs? At present, a small scale industrial unit is an undertaking in which investment in plant and machinery, does not exceed Rs.1 crore, except in respect of certain specified items under hosiery, hand tools, drugs and pharmaceuticals, stationery items and sports goods, where this investment limit has been enhanced to Rs. 5 crore. A comprehensive legislation which would enable the paradigm shift from small scale industry to small and medium enterprises is under consideration of Parliament. Pending enactment of the above legislation, current SSI/ tiny industries definition may continue. Units with investment in plant and machinery in excess of SSI limit and up to Rs. 10 crore may be treated as Medium Enterprises (ME). "

6. How can we increase the foreign reserve of the country? The reserves had declined by USD 755 million to USD 301.84 billion the week before. FCAs, the biggest component of the foreign reserves, went up by USD 1.47 billion to USD 273.72 billion for the week ended March 17, the Reserve Bank said in its weekly data released this evening. FCAs, expressed in US dollar terms, include the effect of appreciation or depreciation of the non-US currencies such as the euro, pound and yen, held in the reserves, it said. 7. What is balance sheet of the company? A financial statement that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time. These three balance sheet segments give investors an idea as to what the company owns and owes, as well as the amount invested by the shareholders. The balance sheet must follow the following formula: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity It's called a balance sheet because the two sides balance out. This makes sense: a company has to pay for all the things it has (assets) by either borrowing money (liabilities) or getting it from shareholders (shareholders' equity). Each of the three segments of the balance sheet will have many accounts within it that document the value of each. Accounts such as cash, inventory and property are on the asset side of the balance sheet, while on the liability side there are accounts such as accounts payable or long-term debt. The exact accounts on a balance sheet will differ by company and by industry, as there is no one set template that accurately accommodates for the differences between different types of businesses. 8. Functions of a bank? What Is the Economic Function of a Bank? Commercial banks play an important role in the financial system and the economy. As a key component of the financial system, banks allocate funds from savers to borrowers in an efficient manner. They provide specialized financial services, which reduce the cost of obtaining information about both savings and borrowing opportunities. These financial services help to make the overall economy more efficient. Imagine a World Without Banks One way to answer your question is to imagine, for a moment, a world without banking institutions, and then to ask yourself a few questions. This is not just an academic exercise; many former eastern-block nations began facing this

question when they began to create financial markets and develop marketoriented banks and other financial institutions. If there were no banks Where would you go to borrow money? What would you do with your savings? Would you be able to borrow (save) as much as you need, when you need it, in a form that would be convenient for you? What risks might you face as a saver (borrower)? How Banks Work Banks operate by borrowing funds-usually by accepting deposits or by borrowing in the money markets. Banks borrow from individuals, businesses, financial institutions, and governments with surplus funds (savings). They then use those deposits and borrowed funds (liabilities of the bank) to make loans or to purchase securities (assets of the bank). Banks make these loans to businesses, other financial institutions, individuals, and governments (that need the funds for investments or other purposes). Interest rates provide the price signals for borrowers, lenders, and banks. Through the process of taking deposits, making loans, and responding to interest rate signals, the banking system helps channel funds from savers to borrowers in an efficient manner. Savers range from an individual with a $1,000 certificate of deposit to a corporation with millions of dollars in temporary savings. Banks also service a wide array of borrowers, from an individual who takes a loan of $100 on a credit card to a major corporation financing a billion-dollar corporate merger.

9. IRDP Scheme The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) is a rural development program of the Government of India launched in Financial Year 1978 and extended throughout India by 1980. It is a self-employment program intended to raise the income-generation capacity of target groups among the poor. The aim is to raise recipients above the poverty line by providing substantial opportunities for self-employment. During the 7th five year plan, the total expenditure under the program was Rs 33.2 million, and Rs 53.7 million of term credit was mobilized. Some 13 million new families participated, bringing total coverage under the program to more than 18 million families. These development programs have played an important role in increased agricultural production by educating farmers and providing them with financial and other inputs to increase yields.

The objective of IRDP is to enable identified rural poor families to cross the poverty line by providing productive assets and inputs to the target groups. The assets which could be in primary, secondary or tertiary sector are provided through financial assistance in the form of subsidy by the government and term credit advanced by financial institutions. The program is implemented in all the blocks in the country as a centrally sponsored scheme funded on 50:50 basis by the Centre and State. The Scheme is merged with another Scheme named swarnjayanti gram swarozgar yojana (SGSY) since 01.04.1999.

10. Rupee closing value yesterday/GBP closing value/ Euro closing value? 12. Land required to setup a SEZ ? Which is the oldest bank, biggest bank? Banking in India originated in the last decades of the 18th century. The first banks were The General Bank of India, which started in 1786, and Bank of Hindustan, which started in 1790; both are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India, which originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806, which almost immediately became the Bank of Bengal. This was one of the three presidency banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras, all three of which were established under charters from the British East India Company. For many years the Presidency banks acted as quasi-central banks, as did their successors. The three banks merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which, upon India's independence, became the State Bank of India.

2. How many atm,branches does OBC Bank have? 3. Questions on the 3rd Quarter performance of the bank. 4. Banking Rates ( CRR,SLR, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo etc) CRR: Cash reserve ratio is the cash parked by the banks in their specified current account maintained with RBI. RBI uses CRR either to drain excess liquidity or to release funds needed for the economy from time to time. Increase in CRR means that banks have less funds available and money is sucked out of circulation. Thus we can say that this serves duel purposes i.e. it not only ensures that a portion of bank deposits is totally risk-free, but also enables RBI to control liquidity in the system, and thereby, inflation by tying the hands of the banks in lending money. SLR: Statutory liquidity ratio is in the form of cash (book value), gold (current market value) and balances in unencumbered approved securities.

Every bank is required to maintain at the close of business every day, a minimum proportion of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities as liquid assets in the form of cash, gold and un-encumbered approved securities. The ratio of liquid assets to demand and time liabilities is known as Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). Present SLR is 24%. (reduced w.e.f. 8/11/208, from earlier 25%) RBI is empowered to increase this ratio up to 40%. An increase in SLR also restrict the banks leverage position to pump more money into the economy. The objectives of SLR are: To restrict the expansion of bank credit. To augment the investment of the banks in Government securities. To ensure solvency of banks. A reduction of SLR rates looks eminent to support the credit growth in India. The SLR is commonly used to contain inflation and fuel growth, by increasing or decreasing it respectively. This counter acts by decreasing or increasing the money supply in the system respectively. Indian banks holdings of government securities (Government securities) are now close to the statutory minimum that banks are required to hold to comply with existing regulation. When measured in rupees, such holdings decreased for the first time in a little less than 40 years (since the nationalisation of banks in 1969) in 2005-06. While the recent credit boom is a key driver of the decline in banks portfolios of G-Sec, other factors have played an important role recently. These include: Interest rate increases. Changes in the prudential regulation of banks investments in G-Sec. Most G-Sec held by banks are long-term fixed-rate bonds, which are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Increasing interest rates have eroded banks income from trading in G-Sec. Recently a huge demand in G-Sec was seen by almost all the banks when RBI released around 108000 crore rupees in the financial system. This was by reducing CRR, SLR & Repo rates. This was to increase lending by the banks to the corporates and resolve liquidity crisis. Providing economy with the much needed fuel of liquidity to maintain the pace of growth rate. However the exercise became futile with banks being over cautious of lending in highly shaky market conditions. Banks invested almost 70% of this money to rather safe Govt securities than lending it to corporates.

Difference between SLR & CRR SLR restricts the banks leverage in pumping more money into the economy. On the other hand, CRR, or Cash Reserve Ratio, is the portion of deposits that the banks have to maintain with the Central Bank. The other difference is that to meet SLR, banks can use cash, gold or approved securities whereas with CRR it has to be only cash. CRR is maintained in cash form with central bank, whereas SLR is maintained in liquid form with banks themselves

Repo Rate: When banks have any shortage of funds, they can borrow it from Reserve Bank of India or from other banks. The rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks is called repo rate, a short term for repurchase agreement. A reduction in the repo rate will help banks to get money at a cheaper rate. When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive.[1]. the repo rate in India is currently 6.75 % as Mar 2011 Repo (Repurchase) rate is the rate at which the RBI lends shot-term money to the banks. When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive. Therefore, we can say that in case, RBI wants to make it more expensive for the banks to borrow money, it increases the repo rate; similarly, if it wants to make it cheaper for banks to borrow money, it reduces the repo rate. Reverse Repo: Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which banks park their short-term excess liquidity with the RBI. The RBI uses this tool when it feels there is too much money floating in the banking system. An increase in the reverse repo rate means that the RBI will borrow money from the banks at a higher rate of interest. As a result, banks would prefer to keep their money with the RBI . Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which Reserve Bank of India (RBI) borrows money from banks. Banks are always happy to lend money to RBI since their money are in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in Reverse repo rate can cause the banks to transfer more funds to RBI due to this attractive interest rates. It can cause the money to be drawn out of the banking system. Due to this fine tuning of RBI using its tools of CRR, Bank Rate, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo rate our banks adjust their lending or investment rates for common man

5. Inflation, Recession, GDP etc.

What Does Inflation Mean? The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt to stop severe inflation, along with severe deflation, in an attempt to keep the excessive growth of prices to a minimum. As inflation rises, every dollar will buy a smaller percentage of a good. For example, if the inflation rate is 2%, then a $1 pack of gum will cost $1.02 in a year. Most countries' central banks will try to sustain an inflation rate of 2-3%. India's food inflation rate rises to 8.74 per cent on April 21, 2011 Recession: A significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP); although the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) does not necessarily need to see this occur to call a recession. Recession is a normal (albeit unpleasant) part of the business cycle; however, one-time crisis events can often trigger the onset of a recession. The global recession of 2008-2009 brought a great amount of attention to the risky investment strategies used by many large financial institutions, along with the truly global nature of the financial sytem. As a result of such a wide-spread global recession, the economies of virtually all the world's developed and developing nations suffered extreme set-backs and numerous government policies were implemented to help prevent a similar future financial crisis. A recession generally lasts from six to 18 months, and interest rates usually fall in during these months to stimulate the economy by offering cheap rates at which to borrow money. GDP: Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. It is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living. GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports imports) The US "National Income and Expenditure Accounts" divide incomes into five categories: 1. Wages, salaries, and supplementary labour income 2. Corporate profits

3. Interest and miscellaneous investment income 4. Farmers income 5. Income from non-farm unincorporated businesses These five income components sum to net domestic income at factor cost. Two adjustments must be made to get GDP: 1. Indirect taxes minus subsidies are added to get from factor cost to market prices. 2. Depreciation (or capital consumption) is added to get from net domestic product to gross domestic product. GDP vs. GNP GDP can be contrasted with gross national product (GNP) or gross national income (GNI). The difference is that GDP defines its scope according to location, while GNP defines its scope according to ownership. In a global context, world GDP and world GNP are therefore equivalent terms. GDP is product produced within a country's borders; GNP is product produced by enterprises owned by a country's citizens. The two would be the same if all of the productive enterprises in a country were owned by its own citizens, and those citizens did not own productive enterprises in any other countries. In practices, however, foreign ownership makes GDP and GNP non-identical. Production within a country's borders, but by an enterprise owned by somebody outside the country, counts as part of its GDP but not its GNP; on the other hand, production by an enterprise located outside the country, but owned by one of its citizens, counts as part of its GNP but not its GDP.

8. Indian Economy, World Economy what is banking regulation act?

In 1949, the Banking Regulation Act was enacted which empowered the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) "to regulate, control, and inspect the banks in India." The Banking Regulation Act also provided that no new bank or branch of an existing bank could be opened without a license from the RBI, and no two banks could have common directors

2)what is the reason behind the fluctuation of rupee value against dollar and other currencies?? When u see that the rupee is doing well against the dollar, there are 3 possibilities: 1) Rupee is really doing well and better than the US; or

2) Rupee is ok but the US is going down; or 3) a combination of the above 2 -> Rupee well, US down Actually, many currencies are doing well against the US dollar lately as the US is becoming less of a choice as reserve currency for central banks ie. Many countries are diversifying their foreign reserves by converting their US dollar reserves to some other currencies such as Euro and RMB. In the past, the US dollar has been the ideal choice as reserve currency given its liquidity and stability. They are also the world's largest economy. This explains why most countries hold a large proportion of their reserves in US dollar. Now they are diversifying to reduce their risk exposure and preserve their nation wealth. Besides, Asia is also picking up lately with intra-trades more common than ever before, thus increasing commerce 3) what r the services that r not included while calc GDP? 4)Functions of RBI? Monetary authority The Reserve Bank of India is the main monetary authority of the country and beside that the central bank acts as the bank of the national and state governments. It formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy as well as it has to ensure an adequate flow of credit to productive sectors. Objectives are maintaining price stability and ensuring adequate flow of credit to productive sectors. The national economy depends on the public sector and the central bank promotes an expansive monetary policy to push the private sector since the financial market reforms of the 1990s. The institution is also the regulator and supervisor of the financial system and prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country's banking and financial system functions. Objectives are to maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors' interest and provide cost-effective banking services to the public. The Banking Ombudsman Scheme has been formulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for effective addressing of complaints by bank customers. The RBI controls the monetary supply, monitors economic indicators like the gross domestic product and has to decide the design of the rupee banknotes as well as coins.

Manager of exchange control The central bank manages to reach the goals of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Objective: to facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India. Issuer of currency The bank issues and exchanges or destroys currency and coins not fit for circulation. The objectives are giving the public adequate supply of currency of good quality and to provide loans to commercial banks to maintain or improve the GDP. The basic objectives of RBI are to issue bank notes, to maintain the currency and credit system of the country to utilize it in its best advantage, and to maintain the reserves. RBI maintains the economic structure of the country so that it can achieve the objective of price stability as well as economic development, because both objectives are diverse in themselves. Developmental role The central bank has to perform a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives and industries.[6] The RBI faces a lot of inter-sectoral and local inflation-related problems. Some of this problems are results of the dominant part of the public sector. Related functions The RBI is also a banker to the government and performs merchant banking function for the central and the state governments. It also acts as their banker. The National Housing Bank (NHB) was established in 1988 to promote private real estate acquisition.[29] The institution maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks, too. There is now an international consensus about the need to focus the tasks of a central bank upon central banking. RBI is far out of touch with such a principle, owing to the sprawling mandate described above. The recent financial turmoil world-over, has however, vindicated the Reserve Bank's role in maintaining financial stability in India. RBI has various tools to control which are listed below (a) Bank Rate: RBI (Reserve Bank of India) lends to the commercial banks through its discount window to help the banks meet depositors demands and reserve requirements. The interest rate the RBI charges the banks for this purpose is called bank rate. If the RBI wants to increase the liquidity and money supply in the market, it will decrease the bank rate and if it wants to reduce the liquidity and money supply in the system, it will increase the bank rate. The current rate is 6%. (b) Cash Reserve Requirements (CRR): Every commercial bank has to keep certain minimum cash reserves with RBI. RBI can vary this rate between 3% and 15%. RBI uses this tool to increase or decrease the reserve requirement

depending on whether it wants to affect a decrease or an increase in the money supply. An increase in CRR will make it mandatory on the part of the banks to hold a large proportion of their deposits in the form of deposits with the RBI. This will reduce the size of their deposits and they will lend less. This will in turn decrease the money supply. The current rate is 6%. (c) Statutory Liquidity Requirements (SLR): Apart from the CRR, banks are required to maintain liquid assets in the form of gold, cash and approved securities. RBI has stepped up liquidity requirements for two reasons: - Higher liquidity ratio forces commercial banks to maintain a larger proportion of their resources in liquid form and thus reduces their capacity to grant loans and advances thus it is an anti-inflationary impact. A higher liquidity ratio diverts the bank funds from loans and advances to investment in government and approved securities. In well developed economies, central banks use open market operations- buying and selling of eligible securities by central bank in the money market- to influence the volume of cash reserves with commercial banks and thus influence the volume of loans and advances they can make to the commercial and industrial sectors. In the open money market, government securities are traded at market related rates of interest. The RBI is resorting more to open market operations in the more recent years. Generally RBI uses three kinds of selective credit controls: a) Minimum margins for lending against specific securities. b) Ceiling on the amounts of credit for certain purposes. c) Discriminatory rate of interest charged on certain types of advances. Direct credit controls in India are of three types: a) Part of the interest rate structure i.e. on small savings and provident funds, are administratively set. b) Banks are mandatorily required to keep 25% of their deposits in the form of government securities. c) Banks are required to lend to the priority sectors to the extent of 40% of their advances. 4)Which currency was not printed by RBI?? At present, notes in India are issued in the denomination of Rs.5, Rs.10, Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000. These notes are called bank notes as they are issued by the Reserve Bank of India (Reserve Bank). The printing of notes in the denominations of Re.1 and Rs.2 has been discontinued as these denominations have been coinised. However, such notes issued earlier are still in circulation. The printing of notes in the denomination of Rs.5 had also been discontinued; however, it has been decided to reintroduce these notes so as to meet the gap between the demand and supply of coins in this denomination. Volume-wise, the share of such small denomination notes in the total notes in circulation was as high as 57 per cent but constituted only 7 per cent in terms of value. The average life of these notes was found to be around a year. The cost of printing and servicing these notes was, thus, not commensurate with their life.

Printing of these notes was, therefore, discontinued. These denominations were, therefore, coinised. However, it has been decided that notes in the denomination of Rs.5 be re-introduced so as to meet the gap between the demand and supply of coins in this denomination. Are there any special features introduced in the notes of Mahatma Gandhi series? The new Mahatma Gandhi series of notes contain several special features vis-vis the notes issued earlier. These are: i) Security thread: Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 notes contain a readable but fully embedded security windowed security thread. Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes contain a readable windowed security thread. This thread is partially exposed and partially embedded. When held against light, this thread can be seen as one continuous line. Other than on Rs.1000 notes, this thread contains the words 'Bharat' in the devnagri script and 'RBI' appearing alternately. The security thread of the Rs.1000 note contains the inscription 'Bharat' in the devnagri script, '1000' and 'RBI'. Notes issued earlier have a plain, non-readable fully embedded security thread. ii) Latent Image: A vertical band behind on the right side of the Mahatma Gandhis portrait, which contains a latent image, showing the denominational value 20, 50, 100, 500 or 1000 as the case may be. The value can be seen only when the note is held on the palm and light allowed to fall on it at 45 ; otherwise this feature appears only as a vertical band. iii) Microletterings: This feature appears between the vertical band and Mahatma Gandhi portrait. It contains the word RBI in Rs.10. Notes of Rs.20 and above also contain the denominational value of the notes. This feature can be seen better under a magnifying glass. iv) Identification mark: A special intaglio feature has been introduced on the left of the watermark window on all notes except Rs.10/- note. This feature is in different shapes for various denominations (Rs.20-Vertical Rectangle, Rs.50-Square, Rs.100-Triangle, Rs.500-Circle, Rs.1000Diamond) and helps the visually impaired to identify the denomination. v) Intaglio Printing: The portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, Reserve Bank seal, guarantee and promise clause, Ashoka Pillar Emblem on the left, RBI Governor's signature are printed in intaglio i.e. in raised prints in Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes. vi) Fluorescence: The number panels of the notes are printed in fluorescent ink. The notes also have optical fibres. Both can be seen when the notes are exposed to ultra-violet lamp. vii) Optically Variable Ink: The numeral 500 & 1000 on the Rs.500 [revised colour scheme of mild yellow, mauve and brown] and Rs.1000 notes are printed in Optically Variable Ink viz., a colour-shifting ink. The colour of these numerals appear green when the notes are held flat but would change to blue when the notes are held at an angle.

5)What is RBI's clean note policy? Shri Vepa Kamesam, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India, exhorted the banks to implement the Reserve Bank's instructions issued from November 2001 to do away with stapling of note packets and to introduce banding the packets with paper/polythene bands so that the life of the currency notes is increased. The Deputy Governor took a meeting of Chief Executives of public sector banks and other banks having currency chests in Delhi today to discuss matters connected with implementing the Reserve Bank of India's Clean Note Policy. The objective of the Reserve Bank's Clean Note Policy is to give the citizens good quality currency notes and coins while the soiled notes are withdrawn out of circulation. The Reserve Bank has also instructed the banks to issue only good quality clean notes to the public and refrain from recycling the soiled notes received by them over their counters. The Reserve Bank has installed high speed Currency Verification and Processing Systems (CVPS) machines at all its offices which deal with currency. These machines are capable of processing 50,00060,000 pieces per hour and soiled notes are shredded and briquetted on-line. 9)what is meant by 'carbon credit'??? A permit that allows the holder to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. Credits are awarded to countries or groups that have reduced their green house gases below their emission quota. Carbon credits can be traded in the international market at their current market price. Investopedia explains Carbon Credit The carbon credit system was ratified in conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol. Its goal is to stop the increase of carbon dioxide emissions. For example, if an environmentalist group plants enough trees to reduce emissions by one ton, the group will be awarded a credit. If a steel producer has an emissions quota of 10 tons, but is expecting to produce 11 tons, it could purchase this carbon credit from the environmental group. The carbon credit system looks to reduce emissions by having countries honor their emission quotas and offer incentives for being below them

10)about RTI act? what will u do for bank after becoming branch manager what will u do for rural areas as a B.M. diff. betwen bearer and ordered chaque Order cheque -: - Order cheque is payable to the person named in the cheque or his order. - For e.g., " Pay to X or order.", such cheque is payable either to X or to any person whom he orders the payment of the cheque. - Order cheque is paid by the bank only when the bank is satisfied about the identity of the payee.

- Order cheque is not transferable merely by delivery. It cannot be tranfered without the signatures of the transferor. Bearer cheque -: - Bearer Cheque is payable to the person named in the cheque or to the bearer thereof. - For e.g., "Pay to X or bearer.", such a cheque may be paid to X at the counter os the bank when he present it for payment. X can either go to bank for getting payment or simply he may or may not sign at the back side of the cheque and hand it over to any person for collection. - The drawee bank need not take any pains to get the identification of the person to whom the payment is being made. - A bearer cheque is transferable merely by delivery. Order cheques are cheques written to be paid to a specific person or entity (the payee) named in the cheque. Bearer cheques are cheques written to be paid to the person who holds the cheque (the bearer). An order chequen can be a bearer cheque if the words or bearer are not cancelled out. Sometimes, the cheque may be issued to pay Cash". This is called a cash cheque. In general, issuing of cash cheques is not encouraged as they are exposed to risk of fraud. Some banks may charge a fee for encashment of third party cheques.