You are on page 1of 4

SOCIAL SCIENCE REVIEWER I. History and Other Social Sciences A.

Introduction to Social Science Social Science disciplines that study different aspects of society and the relations of people to the society Branches of Social Science 1. Anthropology - study of ethnicity or the idea of belonging to a certain group 2. Archaeology study of human past trhough material remains 3. Economics study of the economy or production, distribution and consumption of products and services 4. Geography - study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity 5. History study that deals with records and analyzes past events 6. Political Science study of the government and its institutions 7. Sociology study of structure and development of society and the social relations among people History Historia chronological records of events introduced by the Spaniards Historiography the writing of history Leopold von Ranke German historian who is considered the founder of scientific history; emphasized the use of primary sources Tarsila or salsila genealogical record of the ancestry of a sultan Society groups of people living together in a territory with a shared culture or way of life Ethnolinguistic groups groups of people who share the same language, culture and traditions In Filipino, history is translated as kasaysayan from the rootword saysay which means significance Classifications of historical sources A. Written and Unwritten B. Primary and Secondary Primary sources which belong to the period of the topic being discussed and which can directly attest to the facts of the topic or event Secondary already used primary sources Importance of Studying HIstory Filipinos would have an idea on how their world has been shaped by events in the past To learn mistakes committed in the past which will serve as lessons for the present Better understanding of fellow Filipinos, especially their cultures and traits, thus might serve as a basis for unity Stronger and broader knowledge on the origins of their race Filipinos would find enough information that would help in developing their knowledge and historical consciousness, that would help in developing nationalism Filipinos would find enough reason to love and be proud of their country B. Geography and Its Effect to Society

Processes that Explain the Origin of the Archipelago 1. Diastrophism process that involves the movement of the earths crust wherein one side gets more elevated than the other side 2. Vulcanism all phenomenon connected with the movement of the molten rocks underneath the earth towards the surface 3. Gradiation process related to the erosion of elevated places and the resulting deposition of sediments to the ocean basin Theories on the Origin of Archipelago 1. Plate Tectonic Theory the movement of the earths crust is the result of the movement of the continental plate 2. Asiatic Theory Asia was formed as a result of movements of the continental plate 3. Pacific Theory Philippines was formed due to the explosions in the Pacific basin Emergence of Land Bridges 1. Borneo-Palawan Land Bridge Palawan was considered the gateway to Luzon 2. Taiwan-Northern Luzon-Asia Mainland Land Bridge the fauna in the mountain province is more similar to that of Taiwan and the Himalayas than in other parts of the archipelago 3. Mindanao-Celebes Land Bridge flora and fauna found in these places are similar; i.e. dipterocarp, myrtaceae How Filipino Culture Was Influenced by Geography Economic activities in a particular area are determined by environmental conditions If people live near a river or sea, their economy would be based on fishing and navigation If people live in plains, their economy would be based on agriculture Has an important role in external trade and foreign relations among Filipinos C. Beginning of Communities Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin most popular advocate of the theory of evolution Survival of the Fittest process of adaptation proposed by Charles Darwin Evolution of Humans Africa cradle of humankind because the remains of the oldest homonids were found in this continent 1. Ramapheticus oldest hominid, but taken out and placed in the line of possible ancestors of orangutan 2. Australpheticus oldest ancestors of humans 3. Ardipithecus ramidus bipedal, able to walk with two legs, live on ground and not on trees 4. Australophitecus afarensis also known as Lucy; have same size of brain and teeth as the chimpanzees 5. Homo habilis first real human; handy man because they are capable of making tools 6. Homo erectus human with an erect gait; already know how to make fire and cook 7. Pithecanthropus Java Man 8. Homo sapien first human who knew how to think Early Human Settlement in the Philippines

Tabon Man oldest human remains in the Philippines Homo erectus philippinensis lived in Cagayan Valley in the remote past The Austronesian Migration Austronesian people who migrated from Southern China and spoke Malayo-Polynesian language The core population in the Philippines may have come from the Austroloid race like where the Negritos belong During the New Stone Age, groups of people arrived in the islands on board the balangays from Southern China The reason why the Austronesians migrated in the Philippines was due to their search for territories where they could establish new communities to accomodate their growing population II. Birth of Indigenous Society Barangay smallest political unit of government today came from the word balangay which means boats used by the Austronesian when they migrated to the Philippines (Jaime B. Veneracion) Social Hierarchy A. in Luzon 1. Maginoo the highest among the social classes in Luzon; composed of the datus and their families Datu political leader Katalonan (or babaylan) spiritual leader Adat customary laws in a barangay Umalohokan the one who announces the edicts of the datu 2. Maharlika composed of warriors who serve as protectors of the barangay from its enemies do not pay taxes 3. Timawa free person, but they pay taxed Panday blacksmith belong to the timawa class; metal makers Pitarilla wine vessel 4. Slaves a. Aliping namamahay live in their own houses; only called by the datu to help in building houses or farming b. Aliping saguiguilid lived in the house of datu; can be summoned anytime and be made to do any kind of work B. in Visayas 1. Datu highest class; composed of the leader, his family and those who belonged to their class 2. Timawa accompanies the datu during war, food taster 3. Oripun lowest class; can be bought and sold a. Namamahay or tuhay oripuns who live in their own house b. Ayuey who live in their masters house c. Hayohay lowest oripun, also live in their masters house, received clothing from them Social Mobility Aliping saguiguilid can become aliping namamahay if he/she had already paid his debt to the datu

Aliping namamahay can become a timawa if he/she marries a maharlika A datu can become a slave if he is captured by another datu in a war, or when he committed a serious crime

Culture and Civilization A. Politics Datu political leader of a barangay Hari or lakan chief datu in the alliance of barangays Karadyaan alliance of barangays governed by Raha Matanda (elder raha) and Raha Muda (younger raha) B. Religion Animism or antoism worship of gods that are present in nature Bathala (Tagalogs), Laon (Visayans), Kabunian (Ibalois) Anitos lesser deities; chief mediator between humans and chief gods C. Economy Agriculture, fishing, trade, weaving, basket-making, pottery, metallurgy Kaingin system 0 burning of one part of forest to be used for planting D. Oral Tradition Baybayin writing system of ancient Filipinos III. Struggles Towards Statehood

You might also like