Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Global
Competitiveness Report
20112012
The Global
Competitiveness Report
20112012
Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martin
Columbia University
Chief Advisor of the Centre for Global Competitiveness and Performance
Copyright 2011
by the World Economic Forum
ISBN-13: 978-92-95044-74-6
ISBN-10: 92-95044-74-6
We thank Hope Steele for her superb editing work and Neil Weinberg for his excellent
graphic design and layout. We are grateful to
Djemila Zouyene for her invaluable research
assistance.
The terms country and nation as used in this
report do not in all cases refer to a territorial
entity that is a state as understood by inter
international law and practice. The terms cover
well-defined, geographically self-contained
economic areas that may not be states but
for which statistical data are maintained on a
separate and independent basis.
Contents
Partner Institutes
Preface
85
xiii
87
1
3
51
377
521
525
Acknowledgments
527
75
Partner Institutes
Partner Institutes
Bangladesh
Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)
Mustafizur Rahman, Executive Director
Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Senior Research Fellow
Kishore Kumer Basak, Research Associate
Barbados
Arthur Lewis Institute for Social and Economic Studies,
University of West Indies (UWI)
Andrew Downes, Director
Belgium
Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School
Priscilla Boairdi, Associate, Competence Centre
Entrepreneurship, Governance and Strategy
Wim Moesen, Professor
Leo Sleuwaegen, Professor, Competence Centre
Entrepreneurship, Governance and Strategy
Benin
CAPODConception et Analyse de Politiques de
Dveloppement
Epiphane Adjovi, Director
Maria-Odile Attanasso, Deputy Coordinator
Fructueux Deguenonvo, Researcher
Bosnia and Herzegovina
MIT Center, School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo,
University of Sarajevo
Zlatko Lagumdzija, Professor
Zeljko Sain, Executive Director
Jasmina Selimovic, Assistant Director
Botswana
Botswana National Productivity Centre
Letsogile Batsetswe, Research Consultant and Statistician
Parmod Chandna, Acting Executive Director
Phumzile Thobokwe, Manager, Information and Research
Services Department
Brazil
Fundao Dom Cabral
Marina Arajo, Economist and Researcher, The
Competitiveness and Innovation Center
Carlos Arruda, Executive Director, International Advisory
Council and Professor, The Competitiveness and
Innovation Center
Fabiana Madsen, Economist and Researcher, The
Competitiveness and Innovation Center
Movimento Brasil Competitivo (MBC)
Erik Camarano, Director President
Nikelma Moura, Communications Assistant
Tatiana Ribeiro, Project Coordinator
Brunei Darussalam
Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources
Pehin Dato Yahya Bakar, Minister
Dato Dr Amin Abdullah, Permanent Secretary
Bulgaria
Center for Economic Development
Anelia Damianova, Senior Expert
Partner Institutes
Burkina Faso
lnstitut Suprieure des Sciences de la Population (ISSP),
University of Ouagadougou
Samuel Kabore, Economist and Head of Development
Strategy and Population Research
Croatia
National Competitiveness Council
Jadranka Gable, Project Administrator
Kresimir Jurlin, Research Associate
Mira Lenardic, Senior Advisor
Burundi
University Research Centre for Economic and Social
Development (CURDES), National University of Burundi
Banderembako Deo, Director
Gilbert Niyongabo, Dean, Faculty of Economics &
Management
Cyprus
Cyprus College Research Center
Bambos Papageorgiou, Head of Socioeconomic and
Academic Research
Cambodia
Economic Institute of Cambodia
Sok Hach, President
Seiha Neou, Research Manager
Sokheng Sam, Researcher
Czech Republic
CMC Graduate School of Business
Tomas Janca, Executive Director
Cameroon
Comit de Comptitivit (Competitiveness Committee)
Lucien Sanzouango, Permanent Secretary
Canada
The Conference Board of Canada
Michael R. Bloom, Vice-President, Organizational
Effectiveness & Learning
Anne Golden, President and Chief Executive Officer
P. Derek Hughes, Senior Research Associate
Cape Verde
INOVE RESEARCHInvestigao e Desenvolvimento, Lda
Sara Mendes, Senior Researcher
Jlio Delgado, Partner and Senior Researcher
Frantz Tavares, Partner and Chief Executive Officer
vi
Chad
Groupe de Recherches Alternatives et de Monitoring du
Projet Ptrole-Tchad-Cameroun (GRAMP-TC)
Antoine Doudjidingao, Researcher
Gilbert Maoundonodji, Director
Celine Nnodji Mbaipeur, Programme Officer
Chile
Universidad Adolfo Ibez
Fernando Larrain Aninat, Director of the Master in
Management and Public Policy, School of Government
Camila Chadwick, Project Coordinator
Leonidas Montes, Dean, School of Government
China
Institute of Economic System and Management
National Development and Reform Commission
Zhou Haichun, Deputy Director and Professor
Chen Wei, Research Fellow
Dong Ying, Professor
China Center for Economic Statistics Research,
Tianjin University of Finance and Economics
Lu Dong, Professor
Hongye Xiao, Professor
Bojuan Zhao, Professor
Huazhang Zheng, Associate Professor
Colombia
National Planning Department
Alvaro Edgar Balcazar, Entrepreneurial Development Director
Hernando Jos Gmez, General Director
Nelson Fabin Villareal Rincn, Advisor
Colombian Council of Competitiveness
Rosario Crdoba, President
Cte dIvoire
Chambre de Commerce et dIndustrie de Cte dIvoire
Jean-Louis Billon, President
Jean-Louis Giacometti, Technical Advisor to the President
Mamadou Sarr, Director General
Denmark
Innoption EMEA ApS
Carsten Snedker, Managing Partner
Ecuador
ESPAE Graduate School of Management, Escuela Superior
Politcnica del Litoral (ESPOL)
Elizabeth Arteaga, Project Assistant
Virginia Lasio, Director
Sara Wong, Professor
Egypt
The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies
Iman Al-Ayouty, Senior Economist
Omneia Helmy, Deputy Director of Research and Lead
Economist
Magda Kandil, Executive Director and Director of Research
Estonia
Estonian Institute of Economic Research
Evelin Ahermaa, Head of Economic Research Sector
Marje Josing, Director
Estonian Development Fund
Kitty Kubo, Head of Foresight
Ott Prna, Chief Executive Officer
Ethiopia
African Institute of Management, Development and
Governance
Tegegne Teka, General Manager
Finland
ETLAThe Research Institute of the Finnish Economy
Petri Rouvinen, Research Director
Markku Kotilainen, Research Director
Pekka Yl-Anttila, Managing Director
France
HEC School of Management, Paris
Bertrand Moingeon, Professor and Deputy Dean
Bernard Ramanantsoa, Professor and Dean
Gambia, The
Gambia Economic and Social Development Research Institute
(GESDRI)
Makaireh A. Njie, Director
Georgia
Business Initiative for Reforms in Georgia
Tamara Janashia, Executive Director
Giga Makharadze, Founding Member of the Board of
Directors
Mamuka Tsereteli, Founding Member of the Board of
Directors
Ireland
Competitiveness Survey Group, Department of Economics,
University College Cork
Eleanor Doyle, Professor, Department of Economics
Niall OSullivan
Bernadette Power
National Competitiveness Council
Adrian Devitt, Manager
Michelle Nic Gearailt, Assistant Economist
Israel
Manufacturers Association of Israel (MAI)
Shraga Brosh, President
Dan Catarivas, Director
Amir Hayek, Managing Director
Italy
SDA Bocconi School of Management
Secchi Carlo, Full Professor of Economic Policy, Bocconi
University
Paola Dubini, Associate Professor, Bocconi University
Francesco A. Saviozzi, SDA Assistant Professor,
Strategic and Entrepreneurial Management Department
Jamaica
Mona School of Business (MSB), The University of the West
Indies
Patricia Douce, Project Administrator
Evan Duggan, Executive Director and Professor
William Lawrence, Director, Professional Services Unit
Japan
Keio University in cooperation with Keizai Doyukai Keizai
(Japan Association of Corporate Executives)
Yoko Ishikura, Professor,Graduate School of Media Design,
Keio University
Kiyohiko Ito, Managing Director, Keizai Doyukai
Heizo Takenaka, Director, Global Security Research Institute,
Keio University
Hungary
KOPINT-TRKI Economic Research Ltd.
Peter Vakhal,, Project Manager
va Palcz, Chief Executive Officer
Jordan
Ministry of Planning & International Cooperation
Jordan National Competitiveness Team
Mukhallad Omari, Director of Policies and Studies
Department
Aktham Al-Zubi, Senior Researcher
Kawther Al-Zoubi, Head of Competitiveness Division
Iceland
Innovation Center Iceland
Karl Fridriksson, Managing Director of Human Resources and
Marketing
Ardis Armannsdottir, Marketing Manager
Thorsteinn I. Sigfusson, Director
Kazakhstan
JSC National Analytical Centre of the Government of the
Republic of Kazakhstan
Takhir Aslyaliyev, Project Manager
Ayana Manasova, Chairperson
Alikhan Yerzhanov, Expert Analyst
India
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General
Marut Sengupta, Deputy Director General
Gantakolla Srivastava, Head, Financial Services
Kenya
Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi
Mohamud Jama, Director and Associate Professor
Paul Kamau, Senior Research Fellow
Dorothy McCormick, Research Professor
Indonesia
Center for Industry, SME & Business Competition Studies,
University of Trisakti
Tulus Tambunan, Professor and Director
Korea, Republic of
College of Business School, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology KAIST
Ingoo Han, Senior Associate Dean and Professor
Byungtae Lee, Acting Dean
Professor Kayla Jisoo Lee, Manager, Exchange Programme
Partner Institutes
Germany
IW Consult GmbH, Cologne Institute for Economic Research
Adriana Sonia Neligan, Head of Department
vii
Partner Institutes
Kuwait
Kuwait National Competitiveness Committee
Adel Al-Husainan, Committee Member
Fahed Al-Rashed, Committee Chairman
Sayer Al-Sayer, Committee Member
Kyrgyz Republic
Economic Policy Institute Bishkek Consensus
Lola Abduhametova, Program Coordinator
Marat Tazabekov, Chairman
Mauritius
Joint Economic Council of Mauritius
Raj Makoond, Director
Latvia
Institute of Economics, Latvian Academy of Sciences
Helma Jirgena, Director
Irina Curkina, Researcher
Board of Investment
Kevin Bessondyal, Assistant Director, Planning and Policy
Dev Chamroo, Director, Planning and Policy
Raju Jaddoo, Managing Director
Lebanon
Bader Young Entrepreneurs Program
Antoine Abou-Samra, Managing Director
Hiba Zunji, Assistant
Mexico
Center for Intellectual Capital and Competitiveness
Erika Ruiz Manzur, Executive Director
Ren Villarreal Arrambide, President and Chief Executive
Officer
Jess Zurita Gonzlez, General Director
Lesotho
Private Sector Foundation of Lesotho
O.S.M. Moosa, Chaiperson
Tiisetso Sekhonyana, Researcher
Lindiwe Sephomolo, Chief Executive Officer
Lithuania
Statistics Lithuania
.
.
Vilija Lapeniene, Director General
Gediminas Samuolis, Head, Knowledge Economy and Special
Surveys Statistics Division
.
Ona Grigiene, Deputy Head, Knowledge Economy and
Special Surveys Statistics Division
viii
Mauritania
Centre dInformation Mauritanien pour le Dveloppement
Economique et Technique (CIMDET/CCIAM)
Khira Mint Cheikhnani, Director
L Abdoul, Consultant and Analyst
Habib Sy, Analyst
Luxembourg
Chamber of Commerce of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Franois-Xavier Borsi, Attach, Economic Department
Carlo Thelen, Chief Economist, Member of the Managing
Board
Christel Chatelain, Attache, Economic Department
Macedonia, FYR
National Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness Council
(NECC)
Dejan Janevski, Project Coordinator
Zoran Stavreski, President of the Managing Board
Saso Trajkoski, Executive Director
Madagascar
Centre of Economic Studies, University of Antananarivo
Ravelomanana Mamy Raoul, Director
Razato Rarijaona Simon, Executive Secretary
Malawi
Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and
Industry
Hope Chavula, Public Private Dialogue Manager
Chancellor L. Kaferapanjira, Chief Executive Officer
Malaysia
Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS)
Mahani Zainal Abidin, Chief Executive
Steven C.M. Wong, Senior Director, Economics
Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC)
Mohd Razali Hussain, Director General
Lee Saw Hoon, Senior Director
Mali
Groupe de Recherche en Economie Applique et Thorique
(GREAT)
Massa Coulibaly, Coordinator
Malta
Competitive MaltaFoundation for National Competitiveness
Margrith Lutschg-Emmenegger, Vice President
Adrian Said, Chief Coordinator
Caroline Sciortino, Research Coordinator
New Zealand
Business New Zealand
Phil OReilly, Chief Executive
The New Zealand Institute
Catherine Harland, Project Leader
Rick Boven, Director
Nigeria
Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG)
Frank Nweke Jr., Director General
Chris Okpoko, Associate Director, Research
Foluso Phillips, Chairman
Norway
BI Norwegian School of Management
Eskil Goldeng, Researcher
Torger Reve, Professor
Oman
The International Research Foundation
Salem Ben Nasser Al-Ismaily, Chairman
Public Authority for Investment Promotion and Export
Development (PAIPED)
Mehdi Ali Juma, Expert for Economic Research
Pakistan
Competitiveness Support Fund
Maryam Jawaid, Communication Specialist
Imran Khan, Economist
Shahab Khawaja, Chief Executive Officer
Paraguay
Centro de Anlisis y Difusin de Economia Paraguaya
(CADEP)
Dionisio Borda, Research Member
Fernando Masi, Director
Mara Beln Servn, Research Member
Peru
Centro de Desarrollo Industrial (CDI), Sociedad Nacional
de Industrias
Nstor Asto, Project Director
Luis Tenorio, Executive Director
Philippines
Makati Business Club (MBC)
Marc P. Opulencia, Deputy Director
Michael B. Mundo, Chief Economist
Peter Angelo V. Perfecto, Executive Director
In cooperation with the Management Association of
the Philippines (MAP)
Arnold P. Salvador, Executive Director
Poland
Economic Institute, National Bank of Poland
Jarosaw T. Jakubik, Deputy Director
Piotr Boguszewski, Advisor
Portugal
PROFORUM, Associao para o Desenvolvimento da
Engenharia
Ildio Antnio de Ayala Serdio, Vice President of the Board
of Directors
Frum de Administradores de Empresas (FAE)
Paulo Bandeira, General Director
Pedro do Carmo Costa, Member of the Board of Directors
Esmeralda Dourado, President of the Board of Directors
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico 2000, Inc.
Suzette M. Jimenez, President
Francisco Montalvo Fiol, Project Coordinator
Qatar
Qatari Businessmen Association (QBA)
Issa Abdul Salam Abu Issa, Secretary-General
Sarah Abdallah, Deputy General Manager
Partner Institutes
Netherlands
INSCOPE: Research for Innovation, Erasmus University
Rotterdam
Frans A. J. Van den Bosch, Professor
Henk W. Volberda, Director and Professor
Romania
Group of Applied Economics (GEA)
Liviu Voinea, Executive Director
Irina Zgreaban, Program Coordinator
Russian Federation
Bauman Innovation & Eurasia Competitiveness Institute
Katerina Marandi, Programme Manager
Alexey Prazdnichnykh, Principal and Managing Director
Stockholm School of Economics, Russia
Igor Dukeov, Area Principal
Carl F. Fey, Associate Dean of Research
Rwanda
Private Sector Federation
Roger Munyampenda, Chief Executive Officer
Vincent S. Safari, Director, Trade and Policy Advocacy
Saudi Arabia
National Competitiveness Center (NCC)
Awwad Al-Awwad, President
Khaldon Mahasen, Vice President
Senegal
Centre de Recherches Economiques Appliques (CREA),
University of Dakar
Diop Ibrahima Thione, Director
Serbia
Foundation for the Advancement of Economics (FREN)
Mihail Arandarenko, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Katarina Bojie, Project Coordinator
Bojan Ristic, Researcher
Singapore
Economic Development Board
Angeline Poh, Director Planning
Cheng Wai San, Head, Research & Statistics Unit
Slovak Republic
Business Alliance of Slovakia (PAS)
Robert Kicina, Executive Director
Slovenia
Institute for Economic Research
Sonja Uric, Senior Researcher
Peter Stanovnik, Professor
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics
Mateja Drnovek, Professor
Ale Vahcic, Professor
South Africa
Business Leadership South Africa
Friede Dowie, Director
Michael Spicer, Chief Executive Officer
Business Unity South Africa
Coenraad Bezuidenhout, Executive Director for Economic
Policy
Jerry Vilakazi, Chief Executive Officer
Spain
IESE Business School, International Center for
Competitiveness
Mara Luisa Blzquez, Research Associate
Enrique de Diego, Research Assistant
Antoni Subir, Professor
ix
Partner Institutes
Sri Lanka
Institute of Policy Studies
Ayodya Galappattige, Research Officer
Saman Kelegama, Executive Director
Dilani Hirimuthugodage, Research Officer
Swaziland
Federation of Swaziland Employers and Chamber of
Commerce
Zodwa Mabuza, Chief Executive Officer
Mduduzi Lokotfwako, Research Analyst
Nyakwesi Motsa, Administration & Finance Manager
Sweden
International University of Entrepreneurship and Technology
Niclas Adler, President
Switzerland
University of St. Gallen, Executive School of Management,
Technology and Law (ES-HSG)
Beat Bechtold, Communications Manager
Rubn Rodriguez Startz, Head of Project
Syria
Planning and International Cooperation Commission (PICC)
Amer Housni Loutfi, Head
Syrian Enterprise and Business Centre (SEBC)
Noha Chuck, Chief Executive Officer
National Competitiveness Observatory (NCO)
Rami Zaatari, Team Leader
Taiwan, China
Council for Economic Planning and Development, Executive
Yuan
Liu, Y. Christina, Minister
Hung, J. B., Director, Economic Research Department
Shieh, Chung Chung, Researcher, Economic Research
Department
Tajikistan
The Center for Sociological Research Zerkalo
Qahramon Baqoev, Director
Gulnora Beknazarova, Researcher
Alikul Isoev, Sociologist and Economist
Tanzania
Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA)
Joseph Semboja, Professor and Executive Director
Lucas Katera, Director, Commissioned Research
Cornel Jahari, Researcher, Commissioned Research
Department
Thailand
Sasin Graduate Institute of Business Administration,
Chulalongkorn University
Pongsak Hoontrakul, Senior Research Fellow
Toemsakdi Krishnamra, Director of Sasin
Piyachart Phiromswad, Faculty of Economics
Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI)
Somchai Jitsuchon, Research Director
Chalongphob Sussangkarn, Distinguished Fellow
Yos Vajragupta, Senior Researcher
Timor-Leste
East Timor Development Agency (ETDA)
Jose Barreto Goncalves, Survey Supervisor
Januario Mok, Survey Field Officer
Palmira Pires, Director
Trinidad and Tobago
Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business
Miguel Carillo, Executive Director
Harrylal Nirmala, Director, International Centre
The Competitiveness Company
Rolph Balgobin, Chairman
Tunisia
Institut Arabe des Chefs dEntreprises
Majdi Hassen, Executive Counsellor
Chekib Nouira, President
Turkey
TUSIAD Sabanci University Competitiveness Forum
Izak Atiyas, Director
Selcuk Karaata, Vice Director
Uganda
Kabano Research and Development Centre
Robert Apunyo, Program Manager
Delius Asiimwe, Executive Director
Catherine Ssekimpi, Research Associate
Ukraine
CASE Ukraine, Center for Social and Economic Research
Dmytro Boyarchuk, Executive Director
Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Leading Economist
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development
H.E. Mohammed Omar Abdulla, Undersecretary
Dubai Economic Council
H.E. Hani Al Hamly, Secretary General
Emirates Competitiveness Council
H.E. Abdulla Nasser Lootah, Secretary General
Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER),
Zayed University
Mouawiya Alawad, Director
United Kingdom
LSE Enterprise Ltd, London School of Economics and
Political Science
Adam Austerfield, Director of Projects
Niccolo Durazzi, Project Officer
Robyn Klingler Vidra, Researcher
Uruguay
Universidad ORT
Isidoro Hodara, Professor
Venezuela
CONAPRIVenezuelan Council for Investment Promotion
Eduardo Porcarelli, Executive Director
Litsay Guerrero, Economic Affairs and Investor Services Manager
Vietnam
Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM)
Dinh Van An, President
Phan Thanh Ha, Deputy Director, Department of
Macroeconomic Management
Pham Hoang Ha, Senior Researcher, Department of
Macroeconomic Management
Institute for Development Studies in HCMC (HIDS)
Nguyen Trong Hoa, Professor and President
Du Phuoc Tan, Head of Department
Trieu Thanh Son, Researcher
Yemen
Yemeni Businessmen Club YBC
Ahmed Abu Bakr Bazara, Chairman
Ali Saeed Mahmoud Al-Azaki, Executive Director
Margret Arning, Consultant
Zambia
Institute of Economic and Social Research (INESOR),
University of Zambia
Patricia Funjika, Research Fellow
Jolly Kamwanga, Senior Research Fellow and Project
Coordinator
Mubiana Macwangi, Director and Professor
Zimbabwe
Graduate School of Management, University of Zimbabwe
A. M. Hawkins, Professor
Partner Institutes
xi
Preface
Preface
KLAUS SCHWAB, Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum
ROBERT GREENHILL, Chief Business Officer, World Economic Forum
xiii
Preface
xiv
Part 1
Measuring Competitiveness
CHAPTER 1.1
training, technological progress, macroeconomic stability, good governance, firm sophistication, and market
efficiency, among others. While all of these factors are
likely to be important for competitiveness and growth,
they are not mutually exclusivetwo or more of them
can be significant at the same time, and in fact that is
what has been shown in the economic literature.3
This open-endedness is captured within the GCI by
including a weighted average of many different components, each measuring a different aspect of competitiveness. These components are grouped into 12 pillars of
competitiveness:
First pillar: Institutions
Extensive and efficient infrastructure is critical for ensuring the effective functioning of the economy, as it
is an important factor determining the location of economic activity and the kinds of activities or sectors that
can develop in a particular instance. Well-developed
infrastructure reduces the effect of distance between regions, integrating the national market and connecting it
at low cost to markets in other countries and regions. In
addition, the quality and extensiveness of infrastructure
networks significantly impact economic growth and
reduce income inequalities and poverty in a variety of
ways.9 A well-developed transport and communications
infrastructure network is a prerequisite for the access of
less-developed communities to core economic activities
and services.
Effective modes of transport, including quality
roads, railroads, ports, and air transport, enable entrepreneurs to get their goods and services to market in a
secure and timely manner and facilitate the movement
of workers to the most suitable jobs. Economies also
depend on electricity supplies that are free of interruptions and shortages so that businesses and factories can
work unimpeded. Finally, a solid and extensive telecommunications network allows for a rapid and free
flow of information, which increases overall economic
efficiency by helping to ensure that businesses can communicate and decisions are made by economic actors
taking into account all available relevant information.
Third pillar: Macroeconomic environment
A healthy workforce is vital to a countrys competitiveness and productivity. Workers who are ill cannot
function to their potential and will be less productive.
Poor health leads to significant costs to business, as sick
workers are often absent or operate at lower levels of
efficiency. Investment in the provision of health services
is thus critical for clear economic, as well as moral,
considerations.11
In addition to health, this pillar takes into account
the quantity and quality of the basic education received
by the population, which is increasingly important in
todays economy. Basic education increases the efficiency of each individual worker. Moreover, workers
who have received little formal education can carry out
only simple manual tasks and find it much more dif
difficult to adapt to more advanced production processes
and techniques. Lack of basic education can therefore
become a constraint on business development, with
firms finding it difficult to move up the value chain
by producing more sophisticated or value-intensive
products.
For the longer term, it will be essential to avoid
significant reductions in resource allocation to these
critical areas, in spite of the fact that many government
budgets will need to be cut to reduce the fiscal burden
built up over the past years.
Fifth pillar: Higher education and training
Japan
Italy
United States
France
Canada
Germany
United Kingdom
Average
220.3
119.0
91.6
84.3
84.0
80.0
77.2
101.3
fiscal consolidation is required. Reducing public debt to precrisis levels will constrain government expenditures for at least
a decade.2
Public spending cuts may have an adverse effect on
competitiveness, especially if investments in growth-enhancing
areas are affected. There is no doubt that reducing public
investments for health, education, research and development
(R&D), or the upkeep of infrastructure will erode competitivecompetitiveness over the medium to longer term. R&D and education espeespecially are among the areas that matter most for the competicompetitiveness of advanced economies. Investments in these areas
should therefore be preserved as much as possible.
Although it is still too early to judge the effects of the prespresent debt crisis on different categories of public expenditure,
a recent survey in European countries shows that, over the
next years, fiscal pressures may lead to a reduction of R&D
investment in only four EU countries out of eighteen that were
surveyed, while nine countries plan to increase public spendspending in this category.3 In the United States, however, although
overall government spending rose between 2007 and 2009, the
share spent on education declined from 16.8 to 15.8 percent of
the total.4
Given the importance of public investment in the comcompetitiveness-enhancing areas such as education or innovation
for future competitiveness, policymakers must measure very
carefully the effects of reducing such investments, as this may
endanger future growth and prosperity. This would have the
unfortunate effect of converting short-term financial difficulties
into longer-term competitiveness weaknesses. Policymakers
should therefore focus on measures to enhance competitivecompetitiveness that would strengthen their countries growth potential and
thus improve the budgetary situation. In peripheral European
economies that have accumulated debt over the past years
while their competitiveness has not improved, competitivenessenhancing reforms would support economic growth and thus
create a virtuous cycle that could make high debt burdens more
sustainable.
Notes
1
Countries with efficient goods markets are well positioned to produce the right mix of products and services
given their particular supply-and-demand conditions, as
well as to ensure that these goods can be most effectively
traded in the economy. Healthy market competition,
both domestic and foreign, is important in driving
market efficiency and thus business productivity by
ensuring that the most efficient firms, producing goods
demanded by the market, are those that thrive. The best
possible environment for the exchange of goods requires
a minimum of impediments to business activity through
government intervention. For example, competitiveness
is hindered by distortionary or burdensome taxes and
by restrictive and discriminatory rules on foreign direct
investment (FDI)limiting foreign ownershipas well
as on international trade. The recent economic crisis has
highlighted the degree of interdependence of economies
worldwide and the degree to which growth depends on
open markets. Protectionist measures are counterproductive as they reduce aggregate economic activity.
Market efficiency also depends on demand conditions such as customer orientation and buyer sophistication. For cultural or historical reasons, customers may
be more demanding in some countries than in others.
This can create an important competitive advantage, as it
forces companies to be more innovative and customeroriented and thus imposes the discipline necessary for
efficiency to be achieved in the market.
Seventh pillar: Labor market efficiency
The final pillar of competitiveness is technological innovation. Although substantial gains can be obtained by
improving institutions, building infrastructure, reducing
macroeconomic instability, or improving human capital,
all these factors eventually seem to run into diminishing
returns. The same is true for the efficiency of the labor,
financial, and goods markets. In the long run, standards
of living can be enhanced only by technological innovation. Innovation is particularly important for economies as they approach the frontiers of knowledge and
the possibility of integrating and adapting exogenous
technologies tends to disappear.18
Although less-advanced countries can still improve
their productivity by adopting existing technologies
or making incremental improvements in other areas,
for those that have reached the innovation stage of
development this is no longer sufficient for increasing
While we report the results of the 12 pillars of competitiveness separately, it is important to keep in mind that
they are not independent: they tend to reinforce each
other, and a weakness in one area often has a negative
impact on other areas. For example, a strong innovation capacity (pillar 12) will be very difficult to achieve
without a healthy, well-educated and trained workforce
(pillars 4 and 5) that is adept at absorbing new technologies (pillar 9), and without sufficient financing (pillar8)
for R&D or an efficient goods market that makes it
possible to take new innovations to market (pillar 6).
Although the pillars are aggregated into a single index,
measures are reported for the 12 pillars separately because such details provide a sense of the specific areas in
which a particular country needs to improve.
The appendix describes the exact composition of
the GCI and technical details of its construction.
Stages of development and the weighted Index
While all of the pillars described above will matter to a
certain extent for all economies, it is clear that they will
affect them in different ways: the best way for Vietnam
to improve its competitiveness is not the same as the
best way for Canada to do so. This is because Vietnam
and Canada are in different stages of development: as
countries move along the development path, wages
tend to increase and, in order to sustain this higher
income, labor productivity must increase.
In line with the economic theory of stages of development, the GCI assumes that, in the first stage, the
economy is factor-driven and countries compete based on
their factor endowmentsprimarily unskilled labor and
natural resources.19 Companies compete on the basis of
price and sell basic products or commodities, with their
low productivity reflected in low wages. Maintaining
competitiveness at this stage of development hinges
primarily on well-functioning public and private institutions (pillar 1), a well-developed infrastructure (pillar
2), a stable macroeconomic environment (pillar 3), and
Basic requirements
Institutions
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic environment
Health and primary education
Key for
factor-driven
economies
Efficiency enhancers
Key for
efficiency-driven
economies
Key for
innovation-driven
economies
10
Transition from
stage 1 to stage 2
Stage 2:
Efficiency-driven
Transition from
stage 2 to stage 3
<2,000
2,0002,999
3,0008,999
9,00017,000
>17,000
60%
4060%
40%
2040%
20%
35%
3550%
50%
50%
50%
5%
510%
10%
1030%
30%
Stage 3:
Innovation-driven
* For economies with a high dependency on mineral resources, GDP per capita is not the sole criterion for the determination of the stage of development. See text
for details.
Stage 1:
Factor-driven
(37 economies)
Transition from
stage 1 to stage 2
(24 economies)
Stage 2:
Efficiency-driven
(28 economies)
Transition from
stage 2 to stage 3
(18 economies)
Stage 3:
Innovation-driven
(35 economies)
Bangladesh
Benin
Bolivia
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Chad
Cte dIvoire
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Ghana
Haiti
India
Kenya
Kyrgyz Republic
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Moldova
Mozambique
Nepal
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Pakistan
Rwanda
Senegal
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Timor-Leste
Uganda
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Botswana
Brunei Darussalam
Egypt
Georgia
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Jamaica
Kazakhstan
Kuwait
Mongolia
Paraguay
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Ukraine
Venezuela
Albania
Belize
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Cape Verde
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Indonesia
Jordan
Macedonia, FYR
Malaysia
Mauritius
Montenegro
Morocco
Namibia
Panama
Peru
Romania
Serbia
South Africa
Suriname
Swaziland
Thailand
Tunisia
Argentina
Barbados
Brazil
Chile
Croatia
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Mexico
Oman
Poland
Russian Federation
Slovak Republic
Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey
Uruguay
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belgium
Canada
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong SAR
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea, Rep.
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Singapore
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan, China
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
11
12
Indicator title
WEO coverage/142*
Exceptions
Period
General definition
Macroeconomic indicators primarily obtained from the World Economic Outlook (April 2011)
3.01
Government
budget balance,
% GDP
139
Malawi;
Puerto Rico;
Rwanda
2010
African Development
Bank, African Statistical
Yearbook 2011;
2011;
AfricanEconomicOutlook.
org (accessed July 1,
2011); national sources
3.02
Gross national
savings, % GDP
137
Brunei
Darussalam;
Puerto Rico;
Switzerland;
Timor-Leste;
Zimbabwe
2010 or
most
recent
year
available
3.03
Inflation,
annual %
change
141
Puerto Rico
2010
National sources
3.05
General
government
debt, % GDP
136
Algeria;
Bangladesh;
Mongolia;
Puerto Rico;
Sri Lanka;
Timor-Leste
2010
0.01
GDP (US$
billions)
141
Puerto Rico
2010
National source
0.03
139
Montenegro;
Puerto Rico;
Trinidad and
Tobago
2010
Authors calculation;
national source
(Contd.)
13
Indicator title
WEO coverage/142*
Exceptions
Period
General definition
Interest rate
spread, %
Not applicable
2010 or
most
recent
year
available
IMF, International
Financial Statistics
database (accessed July
17, 2011) and country
tables (July 2011);
Economist Intelligence
Unit, CountryData
Database (accessed July
17, 2011)
3.06
Country credit
rating, 0100
(best)
Not applicable
March
2011
Institutional Investor
* Number of economies for which the IMFs World Economic Outlook (WEO) database was used. Economies for which data were obtained from a different provider appear in
italics.
14
Notes
1
Rank/142
Score
GCI 2011
2012 rank
among 2010
countries
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
5.74
5.63
5.61
5.47
5.43
5.41
5.41
5.40
5.40
5.39
5.36
5.33
5.26
5.24
5.20
5.18
5.17
5.14
5.14
5.11
5.08
5.07
5.03
5.02
4.93
4.90
4.89
4.78
4.77
4.75
4.70
4.64
4.62
4.62
4.58
4.54
4.54
4.52
4.52
4.47
4.46
4.44
4.43
4.41
4.40
4.38
4.36
4.36
4.35
4.34
4.33
4.33
4.32
4.31
4.31
4.30
4.30
4.29
4.28
4.27
4.27
4.26
4.25
4.24
4.24
4.21
4.21
4.20
4.19
4.19
4.19
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
GCI 20112012
Country/Economy
Switzerland
Singapore
Sweden
Finland
United States
Germany
Netherlands
Denmark
Japan
United Kingdom
Hong Kong SAR
Canada
Taiwan, China
Qatar
Belgium
Norway
Saudi Arabia
France
Austria
Australia
Malaysia
Israel
Luxembourg
Korea, Rep.
New Zealand
China
United Arab Emirates
Brunei Darussalam
Ireland
Iceland
Chile
Oman
Estonia
Kuwait
Puerto Rico
Spain
Bahrain
Czech Republic
Thailand
Tunisia
Poland
Barbados
Italy
Lithuania
Portugal
Indonesia
Cyprus
Hungary
Panama
South Africa
Malta
Sri Lanka
Brazil
Mauritius
Azerbaijan
India
Slovenia
Mexico
Turkey
Montenegro
Costa Rica
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Uruguay
Latvia
Vietnam
Russian Federation
Peru
Colombia
Slovak Republic
Rwanda
Jordan
GCI 20102011
rank
1
3
2
7
4
5
8
9
6
12
11
10
13
17
19
14
21
15
18
16
26
24
20
22
23
27
25
28
29
31
30
34
33
35
41
42
37
36
38
32
39
43
48
47
46
44
40
52
53
54
50
62
58
55
57
51
45
66
61
49
56
69
64
70
59
63
73
68
60
80
65
GCI 20112012
Country/Economy
Kazakhstan
Morocco
Bulgaria
Philippines
Croatia
Romania
Albania
Macedonia, FYR
Botswana
Trinidad and Tobago
Ukraine
Namibia
Guatemala
Argentina
Honduras
Algeria
Georgia
Lebanon
Greece
El Salvador
Armenia
Moldova
Egypt
Serbia
Mongolia
Cambodia
Syria
Gambia, The
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Kenya
Bolivia
Benin
Tajikistan
Ethiopia
Jamaica
Bangladesh
Guyana
Dominican Republic
Senegal
Suriname
Zambia
Ghana
Nicaragua
Cameroon
Malawi
Pakistan
Cape Verde
Tanzania
Uganda
Paraguay
Belize
Venezuela
Nepal
Kyrgyz Republic
Nigeria
Mali
Cte dIvoire
Madagascar
Timor-Leste
Zimbabwe
Mozambique
Swaziland
Lesotho
Burkina Faso
Mauritania
Yemen
Angola
Burundi
Haiti
Chad
Rank/142
Score
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
4.18
4.16
4.16
4.08
4.08
4.08
4.06
4.05
4.05
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.99
3.98
3.96
3.95
3.95
3.92
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.88
3.88
3.86
3.85
3.85
3.84
3.83
3.82
3.82
3.82
3.78
3.77
3.76
3.76
3.73
3.73
3.73
3.70
3.67
3.67
3.65
3.61
3.61
3.58
3.58
3.58
3.56
3.56
3.53
3.52
3.51
3.47
3.45
3.45
3.39
3.37
3.36
3.35
3.33
3.31
3.30
3.26
3.25
3.20
3.06
2.96
2.95
2.90
2.87
GCI 2011
2012 rank
among 2010
countries
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
n/a
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
n/a
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
n/a
136
137
n/a
138
GCI 20102011
rank
72
75
71
85
77
67
88
79
76
84
89
74
78
87
91
86
93
92
83
82
98
94
81
96
99
109
97
90
102
105
106
108
103
116
119
95
107
110
101
104
n/a
115
114
112
111
125
123
117
113
118
120
n/a
122
130
121
127
132
129
124
133
136
131
126
128
134
135
n/a
138
137
n/a
139
Table3: The Global Competitiveness Index 20112012 rankings and 20102011 comparisons
15
16
Switzerland
Singapore
Sweden
Finland
United States
Germany
Netherlands
Denmark
Japan
United Kingdom
Hong Kong SAR
Canada
Taiwan, China
Qatar
Belgium
Norway
Saudi Arabia
France
Austria
Australia
Malaysia
Israel
Luxembourg
Korea, Rep.
New Zealand
China
United Arab Emirates
Brunei Darussalam
Ireland
Iceland
Chile
Oman
Estonia
Kuwait
Puerto Rico
Spain
Bahrain
Czech Republic
Thailand
Tunisia
Poland
Barbados
Italy
Lithuania
Portugal
Indonesia
Cyprus
Hungary
Panama
South Africa
Malta
Sri Lanka
Brazil
Mauritius
Azerbaijan
India
Slovenia
Mexico
Turkey
Montenegro
Costa Rica
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Uruguay
Latvia
Vietnam
Russian Federation
Peru
Colombia
Slovak Republic
Rwanda
Jordan
Basic requirements
Efficiency enhancers
Innovation and
sophistication factors
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
5.74
5.63
5.61
5.47
5.43
5.41
5.41
5.40
5.40
5.39
5.36
5.33
5.26
5.24
5.20
5.18
5.17
5.14
5.14
5.11
5.08
5.07
5.03
5.02
4.93
4.90
4.89
4.78
4.77
4.75
4.70
4.64
4.62
4.62
4.58
4.54
4.54
4.52
4.52
4.47
4.46
4.44
4.43
4.41
4.40
4.38
4.36
4.36
4.35
4.34
4.33
4.33
4.32
4.31
4.31
4.30
4.30
4.29
4.28
4.27
4.27
4.26
4.25
4.24
4.24
4.21
4.21
4.20
4.19
4.19
4.19
3
1
4
5
36
11
7
8
28
21
2
13
15
12
22
9
16
23
18
14
25
35
6
19
17
30
10
24
37
31
29
20
27
34
41
38
26
45
46
42
56
33
47
49
44
53
32
55
50
85
40
65
83
48
59
91
39
67
64
57
70
51
43
66
76
63
78
73
60
72
61
6.18
6.33
6.06
6.02
5.21
5.83
5.88
5.86
5.40
5.60
6.21
5.77
5.69
5.81
5.58
5.85
5.66
5.57
5.65
5.74
5.45
5.23
5.90
5.65
5.66
5.33
5.84
5.48
5.20
5.31
5.37
5.62
5.41
5.25
5.09
5.18
5.42
4.90
4.88
5.08
4.70
5.25
4.84
4.82
5.00
4.74
5.26
4.72
4.81
4.32
5.12
4.61
4.33
4.83
4.68
4.25
5.12
4.59
4.61
4.69
4.54
4.80
5.04
4.60
4.41
4.61
4.38
4.47
4.66
4.53
4.65
2
1
7
10
3
13
8
9
11
5
4
6
16
27
15
14
24
17
19
12
20
21
23
22
18
26
25
71
28
33
34
45
36
67
35
32
31
29
43
58
30
49
40
48
39
56
46
42
57
38
47
69
41
68
77
37
51
53
52
63
61
88
75
54
66
55
50
60
44
95
78
5.53
5.58
5.33
5.19
5.49
5.18
5.29
5.27
5.19
5.43
5.48
5.36
5.10
4.68
5.13
5.15
4.82
5.09
4.94
5.18
4.88
4.86
4.86
4.86
4.99
4.70
4.78
4.03
4.67
4.57
4.54
4.33
4.52
4.05
4.53
4.58
4.59
4.63
4.38
4.11
4.61
4.28
4.41
4.31
4.42
4.18
4.32
4.39
4.13
4.44
4.32
4.03
4.40
4.04
3.99
4.46
4.23
4.21
4.22
4.07
4.09
3.76
4.00
4.20
4.05
4.19
4.25
4.10
4.38
3.71
3.95
1
11
2
4
6
5
9
8
3
12
25
15
10
16
14
19
24
17
13
26
22
7
20
18
28
31
27
73
23
21
42
44
37
66
29
33
46
32
51
43
57
47
30
50
38
41
48
52
54
39
49
34
35
60
67
40
45
55
58
59
36
83
65
64
75
97
89
56
71
68
70
5.79
5.23
5.79
5.56
5.46
5.53
5.30
5.31
5.75
5.17
4.58
4.99
5.25
4.98
5.06
4.78
4.64
4.93
5.12
4.57
4.65
5.32
4.75
4.87
4.34
4.15
4.43
3.45
4.65
4.67
3.88
3.87
3.98
3.51
4.32
4.03
3.86
4.09
3.75
3.87
3.64
3.86
4.18
3.78
3.98
3.90
3.83
3.75
3.68
3.93
3.83
4.03
4.02
3.62
3.51
3.92
3.87
3.65
3.62
3.62
4.02
3.37
3.51
3.53
3.44
3.24
3.32
3.65
3.46
3.51
3.48
(Contd.)
SUBINDEXES
OVERALL INDEX
Country/Economy
Kazakhstan
Morocco
Bulgaria
Philippines
Croatia
Romania
Albania
Macedonia, FYR
Botswana
Trinidad and Tobago
Ukraine
Namibia
Guatemala
Argentina
Honduras
Algeria
Georgia
Lebanon
Greece
El Salvador
Armenia
Moldova
Egypt
Serbia
Mongolia
Cambodia
Syria
Gambia, The
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Kenya
Bolivia
Benin
Tajikistan
Ethiopia
Jamaica
Bangladesh
Guyana
Dominican Republic
Senegal
Suriname
Zambia
Ghana
Nicaragua
Cameroon
Malawi
Pakistan
Cape Verde
Tanzania
Uganda
Paraguay
Belize
Venezuela
Nepal
Kyrgyz Republic
Nigeria
Mali
Cte dIvoire
Madagascar
Timor-Leste
Zimbabwe
Mozambique
Swaziland
Lesotho
Burkina Faso
Mauritania
Yemen
Angola
Burundi
Haiti
Chad
Basic requirements
Efficiency enhancers
Innovation and
sophistication factors
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
4.18
4.16
4.16
4.08
4.08
4.08
4.06
4.05
4.05
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.99
3.98
3.96
3.95
3.95
3.92
3.89
3.89
3.89
3.88
3.88
3.86
3.85
3.85
3.84
3.83
3.82
3.82
3.82
3.78
3.77
3.76
3.76
3.73
3.73
3.73
3.70
3.67
3.67
3.65
3.61
3.61
3.58
3.58
3.58
3.56
3.56
3.53
3.52
3.51
3.47
3.45
3.45
3.39
3.37
3.36
3.35
3.33
3.31
3.30
3.26
3.25
3.20
3.06
2.96
2.95
2.90
2.87
62
54
74
100
52
89
71
69
81
58
98
68
93
84
90
75
86
109
80
87
94
102
99
88
101
108
77
103
92
82
118
95
107
106
105
116
112
104
110
113
79
115
122
111
114
120
130
96
123
127
117
97
125
121
131
139
126
135
128
119
132
133
124
134
136
129
138
141
137
140
142
4.64
4.74
4.46
4.17
4.76
4.28
4.53
4.55
4.35
4.68
4.18
4.56
4.24
4.33
4.25
4.44
4.32
3.97
4.36
4.31
4.24
4.13
4.17
4.28
4.16
3.99
4.41
4.08
4.25
4.35
3.72
4.21
4.02
4.03
4.06
3.76
3.81
4.07
3.90
3.81
4.37
3.77
3.64
3.85
3.78
3.68
3.53
4.19
3.64
3.55
3.75
4.18
3.62
3.67
3.52
3.19
3.59
3.41
3.53
3.70
3.49
3.43
3.63
3.42
3.37
3.53
3.21
2.98
3.25
3.03
2.88
76
83
59
70
72
62
82
87
86
79
74
97
81
84
104
122
89
64
65
96
91
103
94
90
105
98
109
111
102
107
73
125
117
118
121
85
99
110
93
108
124
106
92
123
120
116
100
126
113
101
114
130
112
127
115
80
134
119
131
138
133
129
128
135
132
141
137
136
142
140
139
4.00
3.86
4.10
4.03
4.01
4.09
3.87
3.83
3.83
3.89
4.00
3.70
3.87
3.85
3.60
3.35
3.74
4.06
4.06
3.71
3.73
3.62
3.71
3.73
3.56
3.69
3.51
3.48
3.63
3.53
4.01
3.24
3.43
3.42
3.37
3.84
3.69
3.50
3.71
3.53
3.27
3.54
3.72
3.31
3.37
3.43
3.68
3.22
3.47
3.64
3.47
3.14
3.48
3.22
3.44
3.88
3.10
3.38
3.14
2.88
3.10
3.16
3.17
3.08
3.12
2.71
2.91
3.04
2.51
2.76
2.87
114
79
96
74
82
99
102
104
94
76
93
95
63
77
90
136
117
78
81
106
110
127
86
118
112
91
111
61
108
103
53
107
88
100
120
84
113
87
109
62
122
80
98
129
101
85
72
124
92
105
125
131
128
132
138
69
116
121
123
137
119
115
134
133
126
135
141
142
140
139
130
3.04
3.40
3.24
3.45
3.37
3.20
3.18
3.14
3.26
3.44
3.29
3.25
3.53
3.43
3.31
2.65
3.01
3.43
3.39
3.14
3.09
2.86
3.33
2.99
3.04
3.31
3.06
3.55
3.13
3.17
3.72
3.13
3.33
3.19
2.92
3.36
3.04
3.33
3.12
3.54
2.91
3.40
3.20
2.81
3.19
3.35
3.45
2.87
3.29
3.14
2.86
2.78
2.82
2.73
2.57
3.49
3.02
2.92
2.90
2.59
2.93
3.02
2.67
2.69
2.86
2.67
2.33
2.23
2.44
2.44
2.81
17
18
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Latvia
1. Institutions
2. Infrastructure
3. Macroeconomic
environment
4. Health and
primary education
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
71
75
141
84
94
14
18
59
26
112
33
22
97
107
95
92
81
83
24
74
136
137
108
114
13
96
142
29
30
73
70
135
52
32
45
8
110
82
99
87
27
105
5
23
103
86
11
122
80
93
104
140
90
2
55
31
91
53
51
37
35
47
116
28
61
62
118
19
34
131
66
4.53
4.44
2.98
4.33
4.24
5.74
5.65
4.68
5.42
3.81
5.25
5.58
4.18
4.02
4.21
4.25
4.35
4.33
5.48
4.46
3.37
3.25
3.99
3.78
5.77
4.19
2.88
5.37
5.33
4.47
4.54
3.41
4.76
5.26
4.90
5.86
3.90
4.35
4.17
4.31
5.41
4.06
6.02
5.57
4.08
4.32
5.83
3.64
4.36
4.24
4.07
3.03
4.25
6.21
4.72
5.31
4.25
4.74
4.80
5.20
5.23
4.84
3.76
5.40
4.65
4.64
3.72
5.65
5.25
3.52
4.60
57
127
135
134
83
13
20
68
17
112
18
27
120
92
123
109
32
77
34
110
91
139
79
104
11
54
138
26
48
100
53
137
90
36
84
5
126
125
74
118
29
58
4
28
37
60
19
61
96
129
93
141
102
9
73
25
69
71
72
23
33
88
86
24
45
94
114
65
47
136
66
4.01
3.11
2.91
2.93
3.65
5.39
5.24
3.84
5.29
3.31
5.29
5.03
3.21
3.58
3.14
3.32
4.87
3.72
4.80
3.32
3.58
2.70
3.69
3.43
5.57
4.11
2.83
5.06
4.32
3.47
4.13
2.87
3.59
4.76
3.65
5.94
3.11
3.11
3.78
3.21
4.99
4.00
5.98
5.00
4.69
3.97
5.27
3.96
3.52
3.08
3.55
2.46
3.44
5.63
3.79
5.16
3.84
3.81
3.79
5.19
4.81
3.61
3.63
5.18
4.38
3.54
3.30
3.89
4.35
2.91
3.87
72
93
140
81
77
24
18
73
30
134
22
17
100
119
104
99
92
64
56
87
137
136
107
129
11
109
139
41
44
85
83
108
39
31
36
10
106
94
75
65
40
120
19
4
80
68
2
110
45
70
102
142
91
1
46
14
89
76
67
29
33
32
79
15
59
82
103
9
50
114
61
3.87
3.43
1.89
3.70
3.75
5.43
5.64
3.87
5.08
2.24
5.49
5.65
3.21
2.69
3.10
3.24
3.48
3.99
4.23
3.62
2.12
2.17
3.01
2.47
5.88
2.91
2.00
4.67
4.63
3.66
3.70
2.97
4.73
5.01
4.87
5.89
3.03
3.39
3.81
3.98
4.71
2.64
5.62
6.30
3.73
3.95
6.35
2.84
4.54
3.91
3.12
1.62
3.53
6.71
4.52
5.70
3.60
3.77
3.96
5.12
4.98
5.01
3.74
5.69
4.13
3.70
3.10
5.94
4.45
2.77
4.12
86
19
110
62
114
26
33
16
45
75
126
60
88
58
32
78
82
115
1
46
104
123
101
77
49
102
133
14
10
42
109
98
70
64
43
31
96
40
132
80
21
47
20
83
135
137
30
139
140
76
119
71
81
8
67
131
105
23
27
118
53
92
142
113
97
18
117
6
2
141
93
4.53
5.72
4.23
4.88
4.19
5.62
5.39
5.89
5.15
4.70
3.88
4.90
4.50
4.92
5.39
4.65
4.60
4.16
6.70
5.13
4.30
3.93
4.42
4.68
5.06
4.40
3.71
6.07
6.22
5.17
4.26
4.43
4.75
4.81
5.17
5.39
4.45
5.21
3.74
4.61
5.71
5.13
5.71
4.60
3.67
3.65
5.43
3.49
3.29
4.70
4.00
4.72
4.61
6.26
4.77
3.78
4.30
5.66
5.56
4.01
5.00
4.47
2.55
4.20
4.43
5.86
4.02
6.37
6.59
3.27
4.46
65
82
142
56
94
10
19
105
31
108
17
2
53
110
103
58
120
87
30
57
136
126
111
116
6
95
141
71
32
78
39
138
48
13
51
28
109
70
96
90
26
117
1
16
125
67
23
124
37
100
76
139
89
27
54
5
101
64
50
12
36
20
106
9
72
85
118
15
77
104
49
5.73
5.50
2.89
5.80
5.37
6.51
6.32
5.12
6.17
5.01
6.35
6.75
5.81
4.89
5.20
5.79
4.46
5.45
6.17
5.80
3.46
4.20
4.86
4.54
6.58
5.36
2.96
5.68
6.16
5.58
6.08
3.35
5.96
6.45
5.91
6.24
5.00
5.68
5.36
5.42
6.26
4.50
6.76
6.37
4.21
5.70
6.27
4.29
6.09
5.28
5.62
3.32
5.43
6.25
5.81
6.59
5.25
5.74
5.91
6.49
6.11
6.28
5.11
6.52
5.67
5.46
4.46
6.38
5.60
5.15
5.94
(Contd.)
PILLARS
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Country/Economy
Lebanon
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
1. Institutions
2. Infrastructure
3. Macroeconomic
environment
4. Health and
primary education
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
109
134
49
6
69
128
120
25
126
40
129
48
67
102
101
57
54
133
68
121
7
17
111
139
9
20
130
50
117
78
100
56
44
41
12
89
63
72
16
113
88
1
60
39
85
38
65
79
124
4
3
77
15
106
123
46
119
58
42
64
127
98
10
21
36
43
125
76
138
115
132
3.97
3.42
4.82
5.90
4.55
3.53
3.68
5.45
3.59
5.12
3.53
4.83
4.59
4.13
4.16
4.69
4.74
3.43
4.56
3.67
5.88
5.66
3.85
3.19
5.85
5.62
3.53
4.81
3.75
4.38
4.17
4.70
5.00
5.09
5.81
4.28
4.61
4.53
5.66
3.81
4.28
6.33
4.66
5.12
4.32
5.18
4.61
4.37
3.63
6.06
6.18
4.41
5.69
4.03
3.64
4.88
3.70
4.68
5.08
4.61
3.55
4.18
5.84
5.60
5.21
5.04
3.62
4.41
3.21
3.77
3.49
115
113
62
8
81
133
56
30
108
38
122
40
103
106
119
42
59
105
43
124
10
3
130
111
7
16
107
75
132
95
117
52
51
44
14
99
128
21
12
78
121
1
101
55
46
49
50
89
76
2
6
70
31
63
85
67
116
82
41
80
98
131
22
15
39
35
142
87
140
64
97
3.26
3.31
3.94
5.67
3.68
2.93
4.05
4.94
3.36
4.69
3.14
4.54
3.44
3.38
3.21
4.53
3.98
3.39
4.50
3.12
5.61
5.98
3.06
3.31
5.74
5.33
3.36
3.76
2.96
3.54
3.22
4.17
4.20
4.44
5.39
3.49
3.08
5.23
5.47
3.70
3.15
6.11
3.46
4.08
4.36
4.27
4.23
3.59
3.73
6.06
5.78
3.82
4.94
3.93
3.63
3.85
3.25
3.67
4.54
3.69
3.50
2.98
5.21
5.34
4.64
4.80
2.42
3.63
2.58
3.90
3.50
121
124
43
21
86
133
131
26
113
47
126
54
66
96
118
63
69
123
58
141
7
34
116
135
35
28
115
38
125
88
105
74
23
55
27
95
48
101
25
122
84
3
57
37
62
12
60
78
98
13
5
97
20
111
130
42
138
53
52
51
128
71
8
6
16
49
117
90
132
112
127
2.62
2.55
4.64
5.61
3.66
2.25
2.27
5.22
2.78
4.52
2.49
4.33
3.98
3.32
2.72
4.01
3.95
2.57
4.22
1.87
6.02
4.97
2.75
2.21
4.95
5.16
2.77
4.74
2.53
3.62
3.09
3.87
5.48
4.26
5.17
3.37
4.52
3.20
5.31
2.57
3.67
6.33
4.23
4.81
4.02
5.83
4.13
3.74
3.26
5.74
6.15
3.31
5.62
2.84
2.41
4.65
2.07
4.36
4.36
4.39
2.49
3.87
5.97
6.09
5.68
4.46
2.72
3.59
2.26
2.78
2.49
125
107
73
15
37
134
108
29
66
51
95
79
39
103
34
94
25
122
63
50
36
48
106
121
4
3
138
41
100
52
54
74
111
17
5
87
44
61
12
89
91
9
56
35
55
84
116
72
124
13
7
68
22
120
129
28
24
57
38
69
127
112
11
85
90
59
128
65
130
99
136
3.89
4.29
4.71
6.04
5.34
3.70
4.28
5.50
4.77
5.04
4.45
4.64
5.25
4.34
5.35
4.45
5.65
3.94
4.86
5.05
5.34
5.07
4.30
3.96
6.45
6.48
3.62
5.18
4.42
5.02
4.99
4.71
4.21
5.88
6.40
4.52
5.16
4.89
6.09
4.50
4.48
6.22
4.92
5.34
4.96
4.60
4.08
4.71
3.90
6.08
6.28
4.76
5.70
3.97
3.85
5.52
5.65
4.92
5.33
4.76
3.87
4.21
6.14
4.54
4.49
4.90
3.85
4.78
3.83
4.43
3.67
35
135
46
25
80
102
128
33
137
29
129
55
69
86
98
59
93
132
114
115
7
4
99
140
21
81
121
79
107
97
92
40
34
63
22
66
68
112
61
119
52
3
43
24
131
44
45
88
134
18
8
62
11
91
113
83
133
60
38
75
122
74
41
14
42
47
84
73
127
130
123
6.12
3.53
5.99
6.26
5.53
5.24
4.13
6.14
3.44
6.22
4.03
5.81
5.69
5.46
5.35
5.79
5.38
3.81
4.64
4.64
6.54
6.61
5.30
3.28
6.28
5.52
4.36
5.55
5.10
5.36
5.38
6.06
6.12
5.76
6.28
5.72
5.70
4.78
5.78
4.46
5.82
6.65
6.04
6.26
3.96
6.04
6.00
5.44
3.61
6.35
6.53
5.77
6.51
5.39
4.67
5.49
3.81
5.79
6.09
5.62
4.33
5.64
6.06
6.42
6.05
5.98
5.48
5.66
4.15
3.97
4.29
19
20
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Latvia
5. Higher education
and training
6. Goods market
efficiency
7. Labor market
efficiency
8. Financial market
development
9. Technological
readiness
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
82
122
136
84
91
12
19
77
31
99
49
15
130
117
125
102
86
41
71
59
132
142
98
120
6
126
139
34
26
60
61
119
72
46
29
9
93
107
94
96
36
121
10
17
111
89
13
92
65
81
110
140
104
4
42
33
37
56
88
28
21
40
85
11
78
76
73
22
67
115
54
3.87
3.35
3.04
3.85
3.73
5.18
4.94
3.99
4.59
3.69
4.28
5.13
3.14
3.43
3.24
3.63
3.83
4.40
4.03
4.10
3.12
2.51
3.69
3.37
5.36
3.22
2.87
4.54
4.70
4.10
4.09
3.38
4.01
4.32
4.63
5.27
3.71
3.53
3.71
3.71
4.52
3.37
5.19
5.09
3.48
3.74
5.18
3.72
4.06
3.87
3.50
2.76
3.60
5.48
4.39
4.57
4.46
4.18
3.76
4.67
4.86
4.41
3.84
5.19
3.95
4.00
4.01
4.86
4.05
3.44
4.20
82
101
142
54
76
11
18
75
28
126
25
5
112
111
95
86
93
57
61
70
135
140
120
115
12
102
137
43
58
60
47
124
56
39
30
6
99
90
107
105
23
132
1
20
97
88
7
109
46
100
79
141
108
24
45
9
87
69
89
22
27
41
85
19
59
65
94
17
91
92
34
3.97
3.51
1.91
4.48
4.01
5.62
5.38
4.01
5.00
2.81
5.08
5.75
3.20
3.24
3.68
3.91
3.72
4.35
4.25
4.16
2.52
1.99
3.07
3.16
5.59
3.48
2.38
4.67
4.34
4.27
4.65
2.96
4.41
4.70
4.95
5.75
3.56
3.85
3.44
3.46
5.15
2.68
6.09
5.24
3.62
3.87
5.73
3.35
4.66
3.52
3.99
1.98
3.36
5.13
4.66
5.65
3.88
4.16
3.86
5.15
5.03
4.69
3.92
5.27
4.33
4.18
3.72
5.44
3.83
3.76
4.84
43
134
138
137
108
22
20
79
6
81
56
14
121
101
136
115
68
113
82
86
127
141
58
97
12
106
139
25
45
99
57
126
114
27
36
16
111
131
118
69
29
100
21
38
90
74
26
72
107
65
94
140
85
3
55
40
70
67
103
13
33
59
78
18
54
87
80
37
53
119
60
4.46
3.38
3.21
3.23
3.88
4.84
4.89
4.12
5.24
4.09
4.31
5.06
3.73
3.93
3.27
3.81
4.22
3.81
4.08
4.08
3.61
3.02
4.30
3.95
5.12
3.89
3.07
4.79
4.42
3.94
4.31
3.70
3.81
4.78
4.58
5.06
3.85
3.57
3.75
4.22
4.74
3.94
4.89
4.56
4.03
4.16
4.79
4.20
3.88
4.24
3.99
3.04
4.08
5.41
4.32
4.49
4.21
4.23
3.91
5.10
4.65
4.30
4.12
4.98
4.33
4.07
4.09
4.57
4.34
3.74
4.28
49
137
109
131
34
13
29
14
19
100
35
44
82
63
140
85
52
83
9
56
78
77
38
93
5
124
97
39
36
88
55
84
116
60
42
6
104
138
141
108
16
69
15
68
27
32
64
79
126
98
91
89
135
3
66
10
81
94
139
17
24
123
80
12
107
21
37
76
62
53
47
4.57
3.41
3.96
3.52
4.71
5.04
4.76
4.95
4.87
4.02
4.69
4.61
4.19
4.42
3.29
4.15
4.55
4.19
5.25
4.49
4.27
4.28
4.64
4.08
5.43
3.77
4.04
4.64
4.68
4.12
4.51
4.16
3.89
4.44
4.62
5.39
3.98
3.37
3.19
3.96
4.92
4.36
4.94
4.38
4.79
4.74
4.41
4.25
3.63
4.03
4.10
4.11
3.48
5.67
4.38
5.19
4.20
4.06
3.34
4.90
4.82
3.77
4.22
5.04
3.97
4.86
4.67
4.30
4.44
4.55
4.59
107
137
136
126
95
6
31
94
14
67
29
28
111
98
122
124
44
43
57
75
131
141
74
130
13
109
135
37
48
68
91
118
87
25
53
17
103
112
92
72
41
125
9
18
81
99
39
61
110
46
93
140
56
2
63
108
21
69
123
115
10
97
52
32
65
121
26
80
59
113
60
3.59
2.64
2.67
3.26
3.76
5.38
4.64
3.76
5.12
4.07
4.70
4.76
3.49
3.71
3.29
3.27
4.44
4.47
4.21
3.99
3.15
2.29
4.00
3.17
5.20
3.53
2.77
4.56
4.42
4.07
3.83
3.33
3.87
4.83
4.31
5.01
3.61
3.47
3.78
4.01
4.51
3.27
5.34
5.00
3.95
3.68
4.54
4.16
3.52
4.44
3.77
2.52
4.23
5.78
4.15
3.58
4.93
4.06
3.28
3.44
5.30
3.73
4.33
4.64
4.12
3.30
4.83
3.95
4.17
3.47
4.17
62
120
129
64
88
22
15
74
39
122
29
11
118
119
125
73
101
54
57
50
132
142
110
123
16
81
141
45
77
75
56
108
38
41
31
4
70
103
95
90
27
138
12
13
107
100
14
113
47
80
97
134
91
6
36
3
93
94
104
17
21
42
72
25
59
87
98
18
65
131
46
3.76
2.83
2.65
3.71
3.43
5.11
5.40
3.60
4.48
2.82
4.93
5.80
2.86
2.85
2.70
3.62
3.12
3.98
3.86
4.11
2.59
2.16
3.03
2.73
5.40
3.49
2.28
4.26
3.57
3.60
3.94
3.06
4.50
4.36
4.82
6.20
3.65
3.10
3.31
3.37
4.95
2.43
5.75
5.63
3.07
3.23
5.61
2.97
4.21
3.50
3.26
2.56
3.37
6.11
4.55
6.21
3.36
3.33
3.09
5.34
5.12
4.34
3.63
5.06
3.81
3.44
3.26
5.33
3.69
2.60
4.26
10. Market
size
Rank Score
101
47
62
24
115
19
35
75
104
49
134
26
140
123
84
97
99
10
121
64
116
141
93
90
14
142
112
46
2
32
83
94
72
103
40
53
69
60
27
86
100
74
54
7
139
106
5
81
42
76
135
126
91
28
52
128
3
15
21
56
51
9
102
4
88
55
77
11
61
118
95
2.86
4.35
3.83
4.88
2.57
5.10
4.58
3.50
2.83
4.32
1.94
4.78
1.40
2.41
3.22
3.03
2.95
5.61
2.50
3.80
2.55
1.32
3.07
3.14
5.44
1.19
2.68
4.35
6.77
4.59
3.31
3.06
3.57
2.83
4.48
4.21
3.62
3.84
4.77
3.21
2.89
3.53
4.15
5.74
1.44
2.80
6.00
3.42
4.42
3.50
1.92
2.33
3.12
4.76
4.24
2.32
6.16
5.22
5.06
4.12
4.25
5.62
2.83
6.12
3.17
4.12
3.48
5.57
3.84
2.53
3.05
(Contd.)
The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum
PILLARS
EFFICIENCY
ENHANCERS
Country/Economy
Lebanon
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
5. Higher education
and training
6. Goods market
efficiency
7. Labor market
efficiency
8. Financial market
development
9. Technological
readiness
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
64
135
48
23
87
131
116
20
134
47
141
68
53
103
105
63
83
129
97
127
8
18
123
80
14
45
100
57
114
50
70
30
39
35
27
62
55
95
24
108
90
1
44
51
38
32
69
124
128
7
2
109
16
118
113
43
138
79
58
52
101
74
25
5
3
75
112
66
137
106
133
4.06
3.08
4.31
4.86
3.83
3.14
3.43
4.88
3.10
4.32
2.71
4.04
4.21
3.62
3.56
4.07
3.86
3.16
3.70
3.22
5.29
4.99
3.31
3.88
5.15
4.33
3.68
4.13
3.47
4.25
4.03
4.61
4.42
4.53
4.68
4.09
4.19
3.71
4.82
3.53
3.73
5.58
4.38
4.23
4.44
4.58
4.03
3.27
3.17
5.33
5.53
3.51
5.10
3.42
3.47
4.38
2.88
3.89
4.11
4.22
3.64
4.00
4.78
5.43
5.49
4.00
3.48
4.05
2.91
3.54
3.10
49
130
26
40
80
133
123
38
128
37
139
68
72
83
84
48
98
136
113
129
8
14
117
114
15
63
122
78
116
77
71
31
35
29
50
55
52
119
36
110
81
4
53
21
73
32
66
104
127
2
3
106
10
96
131
62
134
64
44
74
125
51
33
16
13
42
67
103
138
121
118
4.63
2.74
5.08
4.69
3.98
2.66
2.99
4.76
2.79
4.81
2.09
4.17
4.07
3.93
3.93
4.65
3.62
2.52
3.19
2.74
5.66
5.53
3.13
3.18
5.49
4.24
3.01
3.99
3.16
4.00
4.13
4.95
4.82
4.97
4.62
4.42
4.54
3.09
4.81
3.27
3.98
5.77
4.50
5.16
4.03
4.90
4.18
3.46
2.80
5.81
5.80
3.45
5.64
3.64
2.69
4.25
2.63
4.20
4.67
4.02
2.86
4.58
4.84
5.47
5.57
4.69
4.17
3.47
2.30
3.03
3.12
35
95
64
2
63
122
91
15
120
34
135
28
84
98
92
39
76
116
71
125
9
8
123
73
31
23
93
46
83
50
88
52
62
30
17
96
128
49
4
89
132
1
51
48
32
66
41
130
109
7
5
102
11
117
112
42
110
104
44
47
105
129
10
19
24
77
142
75
133
61
124
4.60
3.97
4.25
5.44
4.26
3.72
4.02
5.06
3.73
4.61
3.31
4.75
4.08
3.94
4.02
4.50
4.15
3.80
4.21
3.70
5.17
5.18
3.71
4.18
4.69
4.81
4.00
4.40
4.08
4.37
4.05
4.36
4.27
4.71
5.04
3.96
3.60
4.37
5.25
4.05
3.49
5.57
4.36
4.37
4.66
4.23
4.48
3.58
3.87
5.21
5.24
3.92
5.13
3.78
3.82
4.47
3.87
3.91
4.42
4.38
3.89
3.58
5.17
4.97
4.80
4.15
2.89
4.16
3.47
4.27
3.70
110
86
54
41
72
74
51
20
121
103
125
67
114
75
31
45
132
120
57
128
23
11
96
70
18
40
136
115
127
43
113
58
122
48
22
92
65
8
50
99
112
2
59
102
95
119
117
101
111
25
1
134
33
71
73
30
90
87
106
133
26
61
28
7
4
118
142
46
129
105
130
3.96
4.14
4.53
4.63
4.33
4.32
4.56
4.87
3.79
3.99
3.71
4.38
3.92
4.31
4.74
4.60
3.52
3.79
4.48
3.60
4.84
5.11
4.05
4.36
4.89
4.63
3.47
3.91
3.63
4.62
3.92
4.48
3.79
4.58
4.86
4.10
4.40
5.25
4.57
4.02
3.94
5.86
4.47
4.00
4.06
3.84
3.89
4.01
3.94
4.82
5.95
3.49
4.71
4.33
4.33
4.75
4.11
4.12
3.97
3.51
4.80
4.44
4.79
5.36
5.57
3.84
2.88
4.60
3.59
3.97
3.56
58
120
89
8
82
134
77
3
133
15
138
42
83
105
129
35
62
128
36
100
23
12
114
86
5
30
70
27
88
38
71
34
78
40
19
84
127
54
16
106
96
1
47
102
4
64
45
101
90
11
7
117
24
119
85
50
139
49
76
55
66
116
33
20
22
79
132
73
142
51
104
4.18
3.32
3.86
5.34
3.94
2.93
3.98
5.53
3.04
5.11
2.61
4.49
3.92
3.60
3.19
4.57
4.16
3.20
4.57
3.67
4.86
5.21
3.45
3.89
5.46
4.66
4.03
4.79
3.86
4.54
4.02
4.60
3.98
4.51
4.96
3.91
3.21
4.26
5.06
3.59
3.74
5.84
4.44
3.62
5.48
4.14
4.44
3.66
3.85
5.24
5.35
3.35
4.84
3.32
3.89
4.35
2.58
4.39
3.99
4.26
4.12
3.39
4.61
4.94
4.87
3.97
3.11
4.00
2.22
4.34
3.60
89
133
34
9
67
136
124
44
127
26
137
61
63
78
102
53
66
117
99
130
5
23
121
106
7
51
115
40
112
69
83
48
19
35
33
60
68
109
43
86
71
10
37
32
76
28
85
96
135
2
1
105
24
116
126
84
140
52
58
55
111
82
30
8
20
49
92
79
139
114
128
3.39
2.56
4.70
6.00
3.67
2.54
2.70
4.29
2.69
5.05
2.51
3.76
3.75
3.52
3.10
4.02
3.69
2.86
3.25
2.65
6.13
5.10
2.82
3.08
6.08
4.08
2.94
4.44
2.99
3.65
3.47
4.18
5.31
4.67
4.74
3.76
3.66
3.05
4.33
3.45
3.63
5.90
4.54
4.76
3.60
4.95
3.46
3.29
2.54
6.29
6.30
3.09
5.08
2.90
2.70
3.47
2.40
4.04
3.82
3.95
3.00
3.47
4.88
6.08
5.23
4.18
3.36
3.51
2.41
2.96
2.69
10. Market
size
Rank Score
71
136
79
96
107
113
125
29
117
127
131
110
12
122
124
130
57
108
120
98
18
65
109
34
50
73
30
85
92
48
36
20
45
68
59
44
8
129
23
105
70
37
58
80
25
13
67
138
132
31
39
66
16
119
82
22
137
111
63
17
89
38
43
6
1
87
41
33
78
114
133
3.58
1.76
3.46
3.04
2.79
2.67
2.36
4.75
2.55
2.33
2.03
2.71
5.55
2.43
2.37
2.05
4.03
2.76
2.51
2.98
5.10
3.80
2.73
4.59
4.30
3.56
4.67
3.22
3.09
4.34
4.57
5.08
4.35
3.72
3.86
4.39
5.73
2.21
4.92
2.81
3.61
4.56
3.99
3.44
4.81
5.44
3.73
1.64
2.00
4.59
4.51
3.76
5.21
2.53
3.39
5.02
1.65
2.70
3.81
5.19
3.16
4.54
4.42
5.77
6.92
3.17
4.46
4.59
3.46
2.64
1.97
21
22
Table7: The Global Competitiveness Index 20112012: Innovation and sophistication factors
INNOVATION AND
SOPHISTICATION
FACTORS
Country/Economy
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Latvia
PILLARS
11. Business
sophistication
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
102
136
142
77
110
26
13
67
46
113
47
14
131
88
107
108
94
35
73
96
126
140
91
101
15
124
130
42
31
56
36
121
82
48
32
8
109
103
86
106
37
120
4
17
61
117
5
98
81
63
87
139
90
25
52
21
40
41
83
23
7
30
84
3
70
114
53
18
66
138
64
3.18
2.65
2.23
3.43
3.09
4.57
5.12
3.51
3.86
3.04
3.86
5.06
2.78
3.33
3.13
3.13
3.26
4.02
3.45
3.24
2.86
2.44
3.31
3.19
4.99
2.87
2.81
3.88
4.15
3.65
4.02
2.92
3.37
3.83
4.09
5.31
3.12
3.17
3.33
3.14
3.98
2.92
5.56
4.93
3.55
3.01
5.53
3.20
3.39
3.53
3.33
2.44
3.31
4.58
3.75
4.67
3.92
3.90
3.37
4.65
5.32
4.18
3.36
5.75
3.48
3.04
3.72
4.87
3.51
2.57
3.53
78
135
142
79
107
29
7
73
33
98
41
11
116
100
106
108
101
31
85
96
139
141
90
113
24
126
136
39
37
61
35
122
88
48
36
6
89
93
72
74
53
129
9
14
66
110
4
99
77
55
82
140
81
19
69
28
43
45
92
22
16
26
75
1
68
109
59
25
62
127
71
3.78
2.93
2.42
3.78
3.43
4.67
5.46
3.81
4.51
3.51
4.29
5.30
3.30
3.49
3.45
3.42
3.49
4.54
3.75
3.55
2.86
2.68
3.63
3.37
4.91
3.14
2.93
4.32
4.37
4.04
4.42
3.23
3.66
4.19
4.42
5.53
3.65
3.57
3.82
3.81
4.16
3.09
5.40
5.14
3.90
3.39
5.66
3.51
3.79
4.12
3.77
2.78
3.77
4.99
3.88
4.69
4.27
4.22
3.59
4.93
5.11
4.85
3.81
5.91
3.88
3.42
4.07
4.86
4.02
3.13
3.84
INNOVATION AND
SOPHISTICATION
FACTORS
12.
Innovation
Rank Score
123
132
140
78
112
22
16
60
61
124
49
15
135
67
106
104
79
44
68
93
100
138
85
81
11
119
114
46
29
57
35
120
76
45
33
10
122
110
103
127
30
111
3
17
62
118
7
98
88
91
99
139
101
25
34
19
38
36
70
23
6
43
94
4
77
116
52
14
84
141
59
2.58
2.37
2.05
3.08
2.74
4.48
4.79
3.20
3.20
2.57
3.42
4.83
2.26
3.16
2.81
2.84
3.04
3.50
3.15
2.94
2.86
2.19
3.00
3.02
5.07
2.61
2.69
3.45
3.92
3.26
3.61
2.60
3.09
3.48
3.77
5.10
2.59
2.77
2.84
2.46
3.81
2.76
5.72
4.72
3.20
2.62
5.39
2.89
2.98
2.94
2.89
2.09
2.86
4.18
3.62
4.65
3.58
3.59
3.15
4.37
5.53
3.51
2.92
5.59
3.08
2.67
3.37
4.89
3.00
2.01
3.21
Country/Economy
Lebanon
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
PILLARS
11. Business
sophistication
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
78
133
50
20
104
123
85
22
116
49
135
60
55
127
112
59
79
115
95
132
9
28
129
69
19
44
72
54
125
89
74
57
38
29
16
99
97
68
24
62
118
11
71
45
39
33
34
122
134
2
1
111
10
100
92
51
137
76
43
58
105
93
27
12
6
65
128
75
141
80
119
3.43
2.69
3.78
4.75
3.14
2.90
3.35
4.65
3.02
3.83
2.67
3.62
3.65
2.86
3.04
3.62
3.40
3.02
3.25
2.73
5.30
4.34
2.81
3.49
4.78
3.87
3.45
3.68
2.86
3.32
3.45
3.64
3.98
4.32
4.98
3.20
3.24
3.51
4.64
3.54
2.99
5.23
3.46
3.87
3.93
4.03
4.03
2.91
2.67
5.79
5.79
3.06
5.25
3.19
3.29
3.75
2.59
3.44
3.87
3.62
3.14
3.29
4.43
5.17
5.46
3.51
2.82
3.44
2.33
3.40
2.93
51
133
54
21
105
132
97
20
131
42
137
44
56
117
119
70
80
118
95
125
5
30
123
64
18
40
76
46
111
65
57
60
50
27
12
102
114
84
17
86
130
15
63
49
38
34
32
121
128
2
3
94
13
112
104
47
138
67
52
58
115
103
23
8
10
83
124
87
134
91
120
4.17
3.00
4.13
4.98
3.47
3.03
3.54
4.99
3.06
4.28
2.93
4.27
4.11
3.27
3.24
3.85
3.78
3.26
3.56
3.15
5.58
4.62
3.21
3.96
5.04
4.30
3.80
4.21
3.39
3.93
4.11
4.06
4.19
4.85
5.27
3.48
3.34
3.75
5.11
3.72
3.08
5.13
4.00
4.19
4.32
4.51
4.54
3.24
3.12
5.83
5.82
3.57
5.23
3.38
3.48
4.20
2.92
3.89
4.16
4.09
3.33
3.48
4.91
5.41
5.35
3.76
3.15
3.72
2.98
3.61
3.24
(Contd.)
12.
Innovation
Rank Score
115
131
48
21
105
109
65
24
87
51
129
89
63
128
102
50
80
107
92
134
12
27
130
82
20
47
75
72
133
113
108
58
32
31
18
95
71
56
26
53
97
8
96
40
41
39
42
121
137
2
1
125
9
83
73
54
136
86
37
69
90
74
28
13
5
55
126
66
142
64
117
2.68
2.38
3.43
4.52
2.81
2.78
3.17
4.32
2.98
3.38
2.41
2.96
3.19
2.44
2.85
3.39
3.02
2.79
2.94
2.32
5.03
4.05
2.40
3.01
4.53
3.44
3.10
3.14
2.34
2.72
2.79
3.23
3.77
3.80
4.69
2.91
3.14
3.26
4.16
3.35
2.90
5.33
2.91
3.55
3.53
3.55
3.52
2.59
2.22
5.76
5.77
2.55
5.27
3.01
3.11
3.30
2.26
2.99
3.58
3.15
2.95
3.11
3.96
4.94
5.57
3.27
2.50
3.16
1.68
3.18
2.63
Note
1
China
China
United States
United States
China
Advanced economies
United
States
United
States
ChinaChina
Advanced economies
GCI score
Advanced
economies
Advanced
economies
Emerging
Developing
Economies
Emerging
andand
developing
economies
Emerging and Developing Economies
United States
Emerging and Developing Economies
Advanced economies
3
2
1
20052006
20062007
20072008
20082009
20092010
20102011
GCI edition
20112012
23
24
business creation. Business operations are also distinguished by high levels of sophistication and professional management. On the other hand, there are some
concerns about government inefficiency (56th), and its
macroeconomic environment is burdened by persistent
deficit spending and high public debt, although overall the country has seen some marginal improvements
here since the last assessment (advancing from 72nd to
60th place in the macroeconomic environment pillar)
and remains better assessed in this area than many other
European countries.
Norway is ranked 16th this year, down two places
since last year but with a slight improvement in score.
Similar to the other Nordic countries, Norway is characterized by well-functioning and transparent public
institutions; private institutions also get admirable marks
for ethics and accountability. Markets in the country
are efficient, with goods, labor, and financial markets
ranked 31st, 18th, and 5th, respectively. Productivity
is also boosted by a high uptake of new technologies, ranked 7th overall for technological readiness.
Moreover, Norways macroeconomic environment is
ranked an impressive 4th out of all countries, driven
by windfall oil revenues combined with prudent fiscal
management. On the other hand, Norways competitiveness would be further enhanced by upgrading its
infrastructure (35th) and encouraging more innovative
businesses (20th).
France is ranked 18th, down three places from
last year but with a relatively stable score. The countrys infrastructure is among the best in the world (4th),
with outstanding transport links, energy infrastructure,
and communications. The health of the workforce and
the quality and quantity of education are other clear
strengths (ranked 16th for health and primary education
and 20th for higher education and training). These elements have provided the basis for a business sector that
is aggressive in adopting new technologies for productivity enhancements (it is ranked 13th for technological
readiness). In addition, the sophistication of the countrys business culture (14th in the business sophistication
pillar) and its leadership in the area of innovation (17th
in the innovation pillar), bolstered by a highly developed financial market (18th) and a large market (7th),
are important attributes that have helped to boost the
countrys growth potential. On the other hand, Frances
competitiveness would be enhanced by injecting more
flexibility into its labor market, which is ranked a low
113th both because of the strict rules on firing and hiring and the rather conflict-ridden labor-employer relations in the country.
After declining in rank over the past two editions
of the Report, Ireland remains stable at 29th position
this year. The country continues to benefit from a
number of strengths, including its excellent health and
primary education (10th) and strong higher education
and training (22nd), along with its well-functioning
since last year, the countrys macroeconomic environment (85th) represents the greatest drag on its competitiveness, with a double-digit fiscal deficit in 2010
(placing the country 138th) that must be reined in to
provide a more sustainable economic footing going into
the future. The situation is made worse by the mounting public debt (77 percent of GDP in 2010, 120th) and
a comparatively low national savings rate (12.3 percent
of GDP in 2010, 119th).
25
26
goods and labor markets, ranked 13th and 17th, respectively. These attributes have fostered a sophisticated and
innovative business culture (ranked 22nd for business
sophistication and 23rd for innovation). Yet the countrys macroeconomic environment continues to raise
significant concern (118th), with its budget deficit of
more than 32 percent in 2010, following the governments bailout of the banking sector, placing Ireland last
out of all 142 countries in the sample. Of related and
continuing concern is also Irelands financial market
(with a precipitous drop from 7th place three years ago
to 115th this year in this pillar).
After falling 11 positions over the past two years,
Iceland reverses the trend this year and moves up one
to 30th place. Despite recent difficulties, Iceland continues to benefit from a number of clear competitive
strengths in moving to a more sustainable economic
situation. These include the countrys top-notch educational system at all levels (5th and 9th in the health and
primary education and higher education and training
pillars, respectively) coupled with an innovative business
sector (19th) that is highly adept at adopting new technologies for productivity enhancements (3rd). Business
activity is further supported by an extremely flexible
labor market (10th) and well-developed infrastructure
(14th). On the other hand, persisting macroeconomic
weaknesses (131st) and weakened financial markets
(108th) continue to be areas of concern.
Estonia and the Czech Republic remain the best
performers within Eastern Europe, ranking 33rd and
38th, respectively. As in previous years, the countries
competitive strengths are based on a number of common features. They rely on excellent education and
highly efficient and well-developed goods, labor, and
financial markets, as well as their strong commitment
to advancing technological readiness, particularly in the
case of Estonia. In addition, Estonias 33rd rank reflects
solid institutions and well-managed public finances.
Spain regains some ground to place 36th this year,
after two years of sharp decline that led it to fall from
29th place in 200809 to 42nd place last year. This
years progress can be attributed to slight improvements in several areas measured by the Index, as well as
a deterioration in the performance of other economies
that previously ranked ahead of Spain. Despite a sluggish economic recovery and an important weakening of
its macroeconomic stability (falling from 66th to 84th
position), the country has managed to improve its performance thanks to a greater use of ICT (up from 29th
to 24th) and its resilience in terms of R&D investment
and innovation capacity. Further improvement of these
growth-enhancing factors will be crucial for its future
recovery and a much-needed economic transformation.
Overall, Spains competitive edge is hampered by its
macroeconomic imbalances. Its very high and increasing public deficit (134th), its high level of public debt
(108th), and its enduring very low national savings rate
competition (13th). Turkey also benefits from its reasonably developed infrastructure (51st), particularly
roads and air transport, although ports and the electricity supply require upgrading. In order to further
enhance its competitiveness, Turkey must focus on
improving its human resources base through better primary education and healthcare (75th) and higher education and training (74th), increasing the efficiency of its
labor market (133rd), and reinforcing the efficiency and
transparency of its public institutions (86th).
The Russian Federation drops three ranks to
66th position this year. The drop reflects the fact that
an improvement in macroeconomic stability was outweighed by deterioration in other areas, notably the
quality of institutions, labor market efficiency, business
sophistication, and innovation. The lack of progress
with respect to the institutional framework is of particular concern, as this area is likely to be among the
most significant constraints to Russias competitiveness. Strengthening the rule of law and the protection
of property rights, improving the functioning of the
judiciary, and raising security levels across the country
would greatly benefit the economy and would provide
for spillover effects into other areas. In addition to its
weak institutional framework, Russias competitiveness
remains negatively affected by the low efficiency of its
goods market. Competition, both domestic as well as
foreign, is stifled by market structures dominated by a
few large firms, inefficient anti-monopoly policies, and
restrictions on trade and foreign ownership. And despite
many efforts, its financial markets remain unstable, with
banks assessed very poorly (129th). Taken together,
these challenges reduce the countrys ability to take
advantage of some of its strengthsparticularly its high
innovation potential (38th for capacity for innovation),
its large and growing market size (8th), and its solid
performance in higher education and training (27th for
the quantity of education).
After falling 16 places over the last two yearsone
of the steepest declines of all countries, which reflects the
many economic and political challenges the country has
faced in recent years
yearsUkraine reverses the trend and
moves up 7 positions this year. The country continues
to demonstrate a number of competitive strengths. A
well-educated population, flexible and efficient labor
markets, and a large market size continue to set a good
base for the countrys future growth performance. On
the other hand, despite its impressive reform agenda, no
real improvements have been measured in the countrys
weak institutional framework (131st) or in its highly
inefficient markets for goods and services (129th),
which stifle competition and prevent entrepreneurship
from flourishing. In this context, it is hoped that the
countrys accession to the World Trade Organization
(WTO) will further contribute to intensifying competition in the country by reducing both trade barriers
and domestic obstacles. Priority should also be given
would help the country to move toward a more futureoriented development path.
Italy moves up by five places to 43rd position this
year, although it remains the lowest-ranked of the G-7
countries. Italy continues to do well in more complex
areas measured by the GCI, particularly the sophistication of its businesses, where it is ranked 26th, producing
goods high on the value chain with one of the worlds
best business clusters (2nd). Italy also benefits from its
large market sizethe 9th largest in the worldwhich
allows for significant economies of scale. However,
Italys overall competitiveness performance continues to
be hampered by some critical structural weaknesses in
its economy. Its labor market remains extremely rigid,
ranked 123rd for its labor market efficiency, hindering employment creation. Financial markets are not
sufficiently developed to provide needed finance for
business development (97th). Other institutional weaknesses include high levels of corruption and organized
crime and a perceived lack of independence within the
judicial system, which increase business costs and undermine investor confidenceItaly is ranked 88th overall
for its institutional environment.
Despite the countrys critical financial situation,
which led to a recovery plan earlier in the yearand
notwithstanding the negative economic forecasts for the
next two years as the consolidation plans start to reduce
public spendingPortugal improves its competitiveness performance slightly and moves up one position to
45th place. This positive development is largely led by
an increase in ICT use throughout the economy (18th)
and an improvement in the quality of its overall infrastructure (12th), especially of roads (5th). Despite this
slight progress, the country still holds one of the poorest
competitive positions among advanced economies and
suffers from serious weaknesses. In addition to the welldocumented macroeconomic difficulties of a national
savings rate below 10 percent (128th), a high deficit
(122nd), and high public debt (128th) that hinder the
availability of financial resources for local companies,
the economy suffers from rigidities in its labor market
(136th) and a disconnect between salaries and productivity (112th) that have hampered Portugals capacity to remain internationally competitive. Moreover,
the traditional lag in company R&D (41st) and other
innovation-oriented investments have prevented it
from moving toward higher-value-added activities, so
it suffers the consequences of fierce competition from
cheaper production sites, such as Eastern Europe and
China. Addressing these weaknesses by adopting the
necessary reforms and preserving growth-enhancing
investments will be crucial to boost the competitive
edge of the economy and set the national economy on
a path of growth after a decade of stagnation.
Turkey moves up by two places this year to
59th position. The country benefits from its large
market (17th), which is characterized by intense local
27
28
29
30
Vietnam must also continue to strengthen its institutional environment. Regulation is perceived as burdensome (113rd), with the number of procedures (9, 94th)
and time (44 days, 119th) required to start a business
making this a cumbersome process. In addition, there
are concerns regarding the level of intellectual property
protection (127th) and, to a lesser extent, the respect of
property rights (98th). Finally, corruption is considered
frequent and pervasive (104th).
Up 10 places to 75th, the Philippines posts one
of the largest improvements in this years rankings. The
vast majority of individual indicators composing the
GCI improve, sometimes markedly. Yet the challenges
are many, especially in the areas at the foundation of
any competitive economy, even at an early stage of
development.
The quality of the countrys public institutions
continues to be assessed as poor: the Philippines ranks
beyond the 100 mark on each of the 16 related indicators. Issues of corruption and physical security appear
particularly acute (127th and 117th, respectively). The
state of its infrastructure is improving marginally, but
not nearly fast enough to meet the needs of the business sector. The country ranks a mediocre 113th for
the overall state of its infrastructure, with particularly
low marks for the quality of its seaport (123rd) and
airport infrastructure (115th). Finally, despite an enrollment rate of around 90 percent, primary education is
characterized by low-quality standards (110th). Against
such weaknesses, the macroeconomic situation of the
Philippines is more positive: the country is up 14 places
to 54th in the macroeconomic environment pillar,
thanks to slightly lower public deficit and debt, an improved country credit rating, and inflation that remains
under control.
In the other, more complex pillars of the Index,
the Philippines continues to have a vast opportunity for
improvement. In particular, the largely inflexible and
inefficient labor market (113th) has shown very little
progress over the past four years. On a more positive
note, the country ranks a good 57th in the business
sophistication category, thanks to a large quantity of
local suppliers, the existence of numerous and welldeveloped clusters, and an increased presence of Filipino
businesses in the higher segments of the value chain.
Finally, the sheer size of the domestic market (36th)
confers a notable competitive advantage.
Up five places, Pakistan (118th) partially bounces
back from last years significant drop in rank. Yet, in
several categories, it remains one the poorest performers of the developing Asia region, and indeed of the
entire sample of economies. It is particularly worrisome
that Pakistan earns its lowest marks, with no sign of
improvement, in the most basic areas of competitiveness, namely institutions (107th), infrastructure (115th),
health and primary education (121st), and the macroeconomic environment (138th). In order to benefit
31
32
33
allows companiesand countriesto shift toward highervalue-added activities, secure higher-paid jobs, and address
important societal challenges such as climate change, pollution,
and poor health.
Traditionally, innovation has been dominated by developed
economies. However, the global landscape of innovation is raprapidly changing with the appearance of new players. In the past
decade, emerging economies such as China have boosted their
innovation performance, becoming important centers of R&D
investment, publications, and patent applications.2 While innoinnovation is a broader concept than technological development,
these indicators show the sharp rise of the capacity of the new
players to generate new knowledge.
In this changing context, Latin America seems to trail
many other countries. The Global Competitiveness Index
includes several indicators that measure the conditions and
performance of innovation. As Figure1 shows, on average, Latin
America has had a relatively stable innovation performance
in recent years, although it is still lagging substantially behind
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) economies. Moreover, while some countries such as
China have started to catch up with advanced economies, Latin
America has not managed to start converging yet.
34
Figure1: Trends in the GCI innovation pillar score, 200511
China
China
United States
United States
economies
OECDAdvanced
China
ChinaAdvanced economies
and Developing Economies
Latin Emerging
America*
United
States
7
6
Advanced economies
4
Emerging and Developing Economies
3
2
1
20052006
20062007
20072008
20082009
20092010
20102011
20112012
GCI edition
* The Latin American average includes Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico,
and Uruguay. Together these countries represent more than 90 percent of the regional GDP.
(Contd.)
to undertake risk-taking initiatives, develop a better protecprotection of intellectual property rights, and engage in more active
innovation-led procurement policies in order to accelerate the
creation of new markets for innovative products and services.
In recent years, the region has become increasingly
aware of the need to boost innovation in order to facilitate the
transition toward higher productivity models. While several
countries, such as Chile, have designed and implemented proinnovation policies, more effort should be made to strengthen
the innovation systems in the region. The current positive ecoeconomic outlook provides a very good opportunity to adopt the
required reforms and investments needed and to start bridging
the productivity gap.
Notes
1
IADB 2010.
35
Table1: Innovation investment, conditions, and performance
INNOVATION PILLAR
OECD
China
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Argentina
Peru
Score
Rank Score
Rank Score
Rank Score
Rank Score
Rank Score
Rank Score
Rank Score
4.4
29
3.9
44
3.5
46
3.5
57
3.3
63
3.2
78
3.1
113
2.7
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.9
3.9
4.9
3.1
66
31
54
74
16
47
22
4.3
4.7
4.0
2.5
4.4
4.0
3.5
132
127
115
63
52
84
52
3.6
2.7
3.0
2.7
3.9
3.2
2.8
23
87
124
56
47
63
34
4.9
2.8
3.4
3.0
4.0
3.6
3.1
128
83
72
78
45
86
49
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.5
4.0
3.2
2.9
103
126
107
73
75
85
78
4.0
2.7
3.1
2.5
3.6
3.2
2.5
141
113
86
55
127
128
129
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.0
2.8
2.5
1.9
59
135
128
82
98
122
38
4.4
2.4
2.6
2.3
3.3
2.5
3.0
4.2
5.0
4.7
4.8
23
38
29
33
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.6
30
42
38
91
3.8
4.1
4.2
3.8
60
51
44
29
3.1
4.0
4.1
4.7
76
69
43
77
3.0
3.6
4.1
4.0
79
54
45
86
2.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
72
41
48
75
3.0
4.2
3.9
4.0
118
109
103
102
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.5
4.3
89.8
23
46
4.2
2.0
31
60
3.8
0.9
66
53
3.0
1.3
59
76
3.2
0.1
76
58
2.9
0.9
77
55
2.9
1.1
99
83
2.7
0.0
Enabling environment
Competition
Quality of math and science education
Quality of education system
ICT use
Govt procurement of advanced tech products
Intellectual property protection
Venture capital availability
Investment
Company spending on R&D
Quality of scientific research institutions
University-industry collaboration in R&D
Availability of scientists and engineers
Performance
Capacity for innovation
Utility patents per million population
Note: The score on the innovation pillar is composed of a subset of the variables that appear in the table above.
36
is unlikely to continue, especially once favorable international conditions and high food prices start to fade.
This could lead the economy back into the erratic fluctuations of the past, characterized by high expansionary
periods followed by deep recessions.
This edition of the GCR analyzes the competitiveness of Belize for the first time. The country ranks
123rd, due to weak institutions (120th), especially in
terms of lack of security (122nd), poor infrastructure,
and an insufficient level of competition that hinders
efficient allocation of resources in the goods market.
Moreover, while the country scores well in terms of
primary education enrollment with virtually universal
schooling, the rate of people attending higher education is very low (105th), as is the quality of the overall
educational system (126th). Policies addressing these
weaknesses will help boosting the competitive edge of
the country.
Venezuela (124th) continues to fall in the rankings,
despite a slight improvement in its overall score. The
poor quality of the countrys public institutions is ranked
the worst in the sample at 142nd place. This dismal
showing, coupled with severe weaknesses in its markets
efficiencyespecially for its goods and labor markets,
where the country repeats as the worst performerand
a deterioration in the macroeconomic stability have led
Venezuela to feature at the bottom of the region and
among the least competitive countries in the world.
Despite being at the forefront in of its tertiary education
enrollment rate (8th), the overall quality of the educational system is weak (121st). This, added to a lack of
sophisticated businesses (124th) and poor innovation
potential (126th), critically constrain the competitiveness
performance of the country.
Haiti is included in the analysis for the first time
and comes in at 141st place. The country suffers from
important weaknesses in many areas and is still recovering from the consequences of the devastating earthquake of 2010. Nevertheless, some positive aspects of
its macroeconomic environment, its openness to trade,
and its flexible labor market bode well for the countrys
future and could provide a fruitful basis for future reforms. We hope that Haitis inclusion in the GCR will
help guide and define the strategic agenda for its reconstruction, putting its economy on a more solid footing
and contributing to eradicating poverty in the country.
Middle East and North Africa
Over the past year, the Middle East and North Africa
(MENA) region has been affected by a great deal of
turbulence that will have an impact on national competitiveness and might further exacerbate the competitiveness gap between the Gulf economies and the rest
of the region. This trend is reflected in this years GCI
results, where most Gulf countries continue to move
up in the rankings, while the competitiveness of many
countries from North Africa and the Levant stagnates
37
38
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa has grown impressively over the last
15 years. It has bounced back rapidly from the global
economic crisis, and its growth rates continue to exceed the global average. Indeed, some African countries
improve with respect to national competitiveness this
year. South Africa and Mauritius remain in the top half
of the rankings, having advanced since last year. There
have also been measurable improvements across specific
areas in a number of other African countries. On the
other hand, some significant declines have registered
in countries that were previously striding ahead. More
generally, sub-Saharan Africa as a whole lags behind the
rest of the world in competitiveness, requiring efforts
across many areas to place the region on a firmly sustainable growth and development path going forward.
For a discussion of the recent trends in competitiveness
of the sub-Saharan African countries, see Box6.
South Africa moves up by four places to attain
50th position this year, remaining the highest-ranked
country in sub-Saharan Africa and the second-placed
among the BRICS economies. The country benefits
from the large size of its economy, particularly by
regional standards (it is ranked 25th in the market size
pillar). It also does well on measures of the quality of
institutions and factor allocation, such as intellectual
39
40
(Contd.)
China
United States
Advanced economies
OECDChina
Emerging Africa
and Developing
Economies
Sub-Saharan
(2005 constant
sample)
Score (17)
United States
5
Advanced economies
3
2
1
20052006
20062007
20072008
20082009
20092010
20102011
20112012
GCI edition
Source: Authors calculations based on the World Economic Forums Global Competitiveness Reports
Reports,, various years.
Note: Seventeen sub-Saharan countries are included in the constant sample average: namely Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia,
Ethiopia, Gambia,
Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.
41
China
Figure2: Recession expectations in the business community, 200511
United States
China
economies
ChinaAdvanced
United States
OECDChina
Emerging
and
Developing
Economies
Sub-Saharan
(2005 constant
sample)
AdvancedAfrica
economies
7
6
Score (17)
United States
5
3
2
1
20052006
20062007
20072008
20082009
20092010
20102011
20112012
GCI edition
(Contd.)
42
Figure3: The most problematic factors for doing business: Sub-Saharan African average
Access to financing
Corruption
Inadequate supply of infrastructure
Inefficient government bureaucracy
Tax rates
Inadequately educated workforce
Poor work ethic in national labor force
Inflation
Policy instability
Tax regulations
Restrictive labor regulations
Foreign currency regulations
Crime and theft
Government instability/coups
Poor public health
0
10
15
20
Percent of responses
43
44
References
Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson, and J. Robinson. 2001. The Colonial
Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation.
American Economic Review 91: 1369401.
. 2002. Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the
Making of the Modern World Distribution of Income. Quarterly
Journal of Economics 117 (4): 123194.
Africa Commission, AfDB (African Development Bank), and World
Economic Forum. 2011. The Africa Competitiveness Report 2011.
Geneva: World Economic Forum, African Development Bank, and
Africa Commission.
AfDB and OECD (African Development Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development). 2011. The African
Economic Outlook 2011. Paris: OECD.
24 The BRICS countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South
Africa.
45
46
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
47
Appendix: Computation and structure of the Global Competitiveness Index 20112012 (contd.)
4th pillar: Health and primary education............... 25%
A. Health................................................. 50%
4.01 Business impact of malaria f
4.02 Malaria incidence* f
4.03 Business impact of tuberculosis f
4.04 Tuberculosis incidence* f
4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS f
4.06 HIV prevalence* f
4.07 Infant mortality*
4.08 Life expectancy*
A. Flexibility.................................................................. 50%
7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations
7.02 Flexibility of wage determination
7.03 Rigidity of employment*
7.04 Hiring and firing practices
7.05 Redundancy costs*
6.04 Extent and effect of taxation 1/2
B. Efficient
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
48
A. Efficiency................................................................... 50%
8.01 Availability of financial services
8.02 Affordability of financial services
8.03 Financing through local equity market
8.04 Ease of access to loans
8.05 Venture capital availability
B. Trustworthiness and confidence............................. 50%
8.06 Soundness of banks
8.07 Regulation of securities exchanges
8.08 Legal rights index*
use...................................................................... 50%
9.04 Internet users*
9.05 Broadband Internet subscriptions*
9.06 Internet bandwidth*
2.08 Fixed telephone lines* 1/2
2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions* 1/2
NOTES
a Formally, for a category i composed of K indicators, we have:
K
categoryi
indicatork
k=1
>17,000
4060%
40%
2040%
20%
50%
50%
3550%
50%
510%
10%
1030%
30%
c Formally, we have:
6 x
e In order to capture the idea that both high inflation and deflation
are detrimental, inflation enters the model in a U-shaped manner
as follows: for values of inflation between 0.5 and 2.9 percent,
a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this
range, scores decrease linearly as they move away from these
values.
f The impact of malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS on competitiveness depends not only on their respective incidence rates but
also on how costly they are for business. Therefore, in order to
estimate the impact of each of the three diseases, we combine
its incidence rate with the Survey question on its perceived cost
to businesses. To combine these data we first take the ratio of
each countrys disease incidence rate relative to the highest incidence rate in the whole sample. The inverse of this ratio is then
multiplied by each countrys score on the related Survey question.
This product is then normalized to a 1-to-7 scale. Note that countries with zero reported incidence receive a 7, regardless of their
scores on the related Survey question.
g The competition subpillar is the weighted average of two components: domestic competition and foreign competition. In both
components, the included variables provide an indication of the
extent to which competition is distorted. The relative importance
of these distortions depends on the relative size of domestic versus foreign competition. This interaction between the domestic
market and the foreign market is captured by the way we determine the weights of the two components. Domestic competition is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government
spending (G), and exports (X), while foreign competition is equal
to imports (M). Thus we assign a weight of (C + I + G + X)/(C + I
+ G + X + M) to domestic competition and a weight of M/(C + I +
G + X + M) to foreign competition.
h Variables 6.06 and 6.07 combine to form one single variable.
i For variable 6.14, imports as a percentage of GDP, we first apply
a log-transformation and then a min-max transformation. This
indicator was formerly numbered 10.04. It still enters the computation of the market size indexes (see note j).
j The size of the domestic market is constructed by taking the
natural log of the sum of the gross domestic product valued at
purchased power parity (PPP) plus the total value (PPP estimates)
of imports of goods and services, minus the total value (PPP estimates) of exports of goods and services. Data are then normalized on a 1-to-7 scale. PPP estimates of imports and exports are
obtained by taking the product of exports as a percentage of GDP
and GDP valued at PPP. The underlying data are reported in the
data tables section (see Tables 10.03, 6.14, and 10.05).
k The size of the foreign market is estimated as the natural log
of the total value (PPP estimates) of exports of goods and services, normalized on a 1-to-7 scale. PPP estimates of exports are
obtained by taking the product of exports as a percentage of GDP
and GDP valued at PPP. The underlying data are reported in the
data tables.
+ 1
6 x
+ 7
Appendix: Computation and structure of the Global Competitiveness Index 20112012 (contd.)
49
The authors would like to thank Chlo Langevin-Bourdon and Marc Levy
for their critical input into the work presented in this chapter.
CHAPTER 1.2
51
52
that they should consider social, economic, and environmental factors as well as more traditional ones in
their competitiveness strategies.
As mentioned above, the conversation on sustainable competitiveness can also be cast in the light of
longer-term vulnerabilities. Discussions to date have
identified a number of potential areas of vulnerability
for national competitiveness. A first relates to human
capital and incorporates individual factors such as demographics, social cohesion, and the degree of political freedom in a country. These elements could point
to vulnerabilities embedded in a political or social
situation that is unsustainable because the population
is challenged by a lack of civil and political rights,
weak socio-economic rights, or excessive inequality.
For example, in some countries involved in what has
come to be known as the Arab Spring of 2011, the
presence of an educated but unemployed young population that had limited official outlets through which
to express their frustration was instrumental in bringing about revolution and political change. While the
denouement of the political transition has the potential
to raise the competitiveness of these countries going
forward, it is also clear that prior to the Arab Spring,
the lack of social cohesion was a serious vulnerability
for the existing economic structure.
A second area of vulnerability relates to aspects
of the markets that are not sustainable. For example,
markets that encourage the buildup of unsustainable
private debt and bubbles, as seen numerous times in
historymost recently in the form of the subprime
mortgage crisiscan invite massive repercussions for
the global financial and economic system, and therefore for national competitiveness, both in the shorter
and longer terms.
Finally, a number of environmental elements are
critical over the longer term. In particular, the way
that the physical environment is managed can have a
serious impact on future productivity. The extent to
which it is well managed can be measured by factors
such as the efficient use of resources and, more generally, by environmental quality. Countries that do not
properly manage their environmental assets face direct
risks to the productivity of their human resources base
by damaging the health of the workforce. For example, it has been demonstrated by a climateair pollution model that fossil fuel CO2 increases surface ozone,
carcinogens, and particulate matter; the result is an
increase in asthma, hospitalization, cancer, and death
rates. According to this study there is an actual causal
link between air pollution and the increase in deaths
brought about by respiratory illnesses, not simply a
correlation.13
These longer-term issues of resource management
and areas of vulnerability are not accounted for in the
GCI, but it would be important to include them when
measuring sustainable competitiveness.
53
54
Human
capital
Market
conditions
Technology
and innovation
Policy environment
and enabling conditions
Physical
environment
Labor market
efficiency
Financial market
development
Market size
Goods market
efficiency
Technological
readiness
Business
sophistication
Innovation
Institutions
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
Environmental
policy
Resource
efficiency
Management
of renewable
resources
Environmental
degradation
Notes: See Appendix A for the detailed structure of the SCI and Appendix B for the definitions and sources of its additional variables. The pillars that incorporate
variables not already included in the GCI are highlighted in blue in this figure.
High-quality human capital is a critical driver of productivity over the shorter as well as the longer term.
Todays globalizing economy requires countries to
nurture pools of healthy and well-educated workers
who are able to adapt rapidly to their changing environment and the evolving needs of the production
system. These aspects of health and education are already included in the GCI because they are important
for both the short- and longer-term productivity of
economies worldwide.
A key feature of human capital over the longer
term that is not part of the GCI is that of changing
demographics. On the one hand, some countries
particularly in the developing worldhave young
populations with the potential to contribute to productivity and to support the non-working population,
most notably those who have retired from the workforce, for years to come. On the other hand, a number
of advanced economiesincluding Japan and several
European countriesare characterized by aging populations and relatively low fertility rates, which means
55
56
57
58
A high-quality and well-managed physical environment is critical for sustainable competitiveness through
three key channels. First, the efficient use of energy
and other resources lowers costs and directly boosts
productivity by virtue of making better use of inputs.
Second, the efficient management of renewable resources (such as wood or fish that can be replenished
naturally with the passage of time) ensures that the
extraction and use of resources today, such as water
and forests, does not come at the expense of the ability to fully use such inputs in the future.21 Third, a
high-quality natural environment supports a healthy
workforce, avoiding damaging effects on human capital (such as illness and lower human capital productivity) that can be brought about by pollution and other
environmental degradation. Environmental degradation can also directly reduce the productivity of sectors
such as agriculture, which in turn lowers output and
potentially the ability for a country to meet the food
needs of the population.22
The physical environment subindex is an entirely new
element that has been added to the Forums competitiveness work. This subindex integrates three pillars
that focus on the three channels described above: the
efficiency of resources, the management of renewable
resources, and the degradation of the environment.
The Forum has worked closely with experts at Yales
Center for Environmental Law and Policy and with
59
60
(Contd.)
Notes
1
The cost of action to mitigate climate change is estiestimated globally at around US$500 billion per annum.
See World Economic Forum 2011.
This is because carbon dioxide and some other greengreenhouse substances have long residence times in the
atmosphere, which means that their concentration at
any particular time relies on their accumulation over
many previous years. See UNEP 2010.
61
62
Weighting scheme
At present we have not implemented a weighting
scheme that prioritizes among the five subindexes of
the SCI. No particular theory exists that would guide
such a weighting scheme, and there is no specific
variable that could be used as a dependent variable to
test the model. The SCI shown here is therefore an
unweighted average of the five subindexes. However,
this represents yet another important area for further
analysis and research.
Country coverage
From the 142 economies covered by the GCI in
Chapter 1.1, we cover in the SCI a subsample of 100
countries for which we have been able to gather suf
sufficient data. Data availability represents a major challenge and constraint in this exercise: for many of
the concepts we are trying to capture, no measures
exist, or data are available for only a limited number of countries (e.g., countries in the Organisation
for Co-operation and Development, the G-20, or the
European Union). The goal going forward is to include an increasing number of countries in the analysis
as data become more readily available.
Selected results of the Sustainable Competitiveness
Index
Given that the methodology discussed in this chapter remains preliminary, and given also the need for
further refinement, the full results are not presented
here. Instead, Table 1 shows how the results of the SCI
differ from those of the GCI discussed in Chapter 1.1,
in a first attempt to demonstrate the extent to which
countries are preparing well for their future competitiveness. To do so, we have categorized the subset of
100 countries into five potential groupings: (1) those
that are much higher than in the GCI (countries that
are 10 or more places higher in the SCI than they are
in the GCI, shown by an arrow pointing straight up);
(2) those that are somewhat higher (between 3 and 9
places higher, shown by an upward-slanting arrow);
(3) those with a stable performance (between 2 places
higher and 2 places lower, shown by a horizontal
arrow); (4) those that are somewhat lower (between
3 and 9 places lower, shown by a downward-slanting
arrow); and (5) those that are much lower (10 or more
places lower, shown by an arrow pointing straight
down).
Although the results of the SCI are still very preliminary, Table 1 provides a general sense of the vulnerability of national-level competitiveness when the
new sustainable competitiveness factors are taken into
account. For presentational purposes, economies are
shown in the same order in which they appear in the
GCI, with their GCI rankings in the left column. The
42 countries that appear in the GCI but not included
in the SCI are not shown. Thus there are gaps in the
ranks, so, for example, the United Kingdom (rank 10
in the GCI) is followed by Canada (rank 12 in the
GCI) because the country that appears in the GCI between the United Kingdom and Canada with the 11th
rank was not included in the SCI. The third column
reports the GCI rank but based on the 100 countries
(instead of 142), listing them from 1 to 100, in the
same order as the GCI ranking. The results for the
SCI are indicated by the five categories of arrows described above, which indicate the extent to which the
SCI ranking differs from the GCI ranking. Please note
that the SCI comprises only those countries covered in
the GCI for which no more than one additional SCI
variable is unavailable.23
Switzerland performs very well in the SCI, as
it does in the GCI rankings. Along with its strong
showing across the traditional competitiveness factors
already included in the GCI, Switzerland is well assessed for its environmental policy measures, as well
as for the management of renewable resources and the
extent to which resources are employed efficiently in
the economy. The country also receives relatively high
marks for social cohesion.
The Nordic countries are among the top-ranked
countries in the SCI, with Sweden, Norway, Finland,
and Denmark performing very well. Norway in particular shows some improvement in the SCI compared
with the GCI, indicating that it is preparing better for
the future than it is performing today in terms of competitiveness. All the Nordic countries have put into place
very stringent and well-enforced environmental policies,
which are leading to positive outcomes. Their social
cohesion indicators are sustainable overall, although this
GCI 2011
2012 rank*
Country/Economy
Switzerland
Singapore
Sweden
Finland
United States
Germany
Netherlands
Denmark
Japan
10
United Kingdom
10
12
Canada
11
15
Belgium
12
16
Norway
13
17
Saudi Arabia
14
18
France
15
19
Austria
16
20
Australia
17
21
Malaysia
18
22
Israel
19
24
Korea, Rep.
20
25
New Zealand
21
26
China
22
27
23
29
Ireland
24
31
Chile
25
33
Estonia
26
34
Kuwait
27
36
Spain
28
39
Thailand
29
40
Tunisia
30
41
Poland
31
43
Italy
32
44
Lithuania
33
45
Portugal
34
46
Indonesia
35
47
Cyprus
36
48
Hungary
37
49
Panama
38
50
South Africa
39
51
Malta
40
52
Sri Lanka
41
53
Brazil
42
55
Azerbaijan
43
56
India
44
57
Slovenia
45
58
Mexico
46
59
Turkey
47
61
Costa Rica
48
62
49
63
Uruguay
50
Sustainability
impact
GCI 2011
2012 rank*
Country/Economy
64
Latvia
51
65
Vietnam
52
66
Russian Federation
53
67
Peru
54
68
Colombia
55
71
Jordan
56
72
Kazakhstan
57
73
Morocco
58
74
Bulgaria
59
75
Philippines
60
76
Croatia
61
78
Albania
62
81
63
82
Ukraine
64
83
Namibia
65
84
Guatemala
66
85
Argentina
67
86
Honduras
68
87
Algeria
69
88
Georgia
70
89
Lebanon
71
90
Greece
72
73
91
El Salvador
92
Armenia
74
93
Moldova
75
94
Egypt
76
96
Mongolia
77
97
Cambodia
78
98
Syria
79
100
80
101
Ecuador
81
102
Kenya
82
103
Bolivia
83
104
Benin
84
106
Ethiopia
85
107
Jamaica
86
108
Bangladesh
87
110
Dominican Republic
88
111
Senegal
89
114
Ghana
90
115
Nicaragua
91
116
Cameroon
92
118
Pakistan
93
120
Tanzania
94
122
Paraguay
95
124
Venezuela
96
126
Kyrgyz Republic
97
127
Nigeria
98
133
Mozambique
99
139
Angola
100
Sustainability
impact
* This is the GCI rank, as presented in Chapter 1.1. Only the 100 countries included in the SCI are reported here.
The SCI sample is the set of 100 countries included in the SCI, based on data availability. For further details, please see the text.
The sustainability impact refers to the direction and magnitude of the difference in a countrys rank between the GCI and the SCI. This applies to only those
countries covered by the SCI.
Legend:
Higher (by 10 or more positions):
Slightly higher (by 3 to 9 positions):
Stable (higher or lower by 2 or fewer positions):
Slightly lower (by 3 to 9 positions):
Lower (by 10 or more positions):
63
64
Notes
1
Rodriguez 2011.
UNEP 2010b.
Ethiopia aims to cut its carbon emissions in half by underundertaking soil and forest development works, according to its
Green Growth plan, which will be unveiled in time for the
Durban climate change negotiation weeks in December
2011.2
65
66
9 The UNDP argues that the urgent global challenges of sustainability and equity must be addressed together. See UNDP 2010,
Chapter 4, Good Things Dont Always Come Together, and
the forthcoming Human Development Report 2011 (to launch in
November 2011), available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/.
10 Areas of the World Economic Forums work in this area include
helping developing country governments develop specific publicfinance tools and policies that draw private capital at scale
into low-carbon industry sectors such as energy, land use, and
transportation; combining best-in-class economic analysis with
public-private expert advisory networks to help governments that
are facing water security challenges design and implement practical national water sector transformation strategies; establishing
the business case for sustainability and exploring transformative
forms of collaboration along the value chain; exploring creative
energy-efficient financing solutions that allow real estate portfolio
holders to access capital and recommending policy tools that
jump-start the investment market; addressing key barriers to
energy efficiency through discussions among regional and sectorbased stakeholders in energy, engineering, mining, chemicals,
and information technology; addressing intermodal policy challenges and catalyzing initiatives in aviation biofuels, road transport
electrification, and carbon reporting; developing a new methodology to assess critical actions required to increase the effectiveness
and speed of the transition to future energy systems that balance
the need to underpin environmental sustainability, economic competitiveness and energy security.
11 See Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,
and National Research Council 1994, p. 7.
12 See, for example, Stiglitz 1986; Samuelson 1954; and Cowen
1992.
13 See Jacobson 2008.
14 Some factors are important for competitiveness and productivity in the shorter term, but are not persistent and thefore not
as important for the longer term. Changes or omissions have
affected the following three variables: inflation, which appears in
the GCI in the macroecononmic environment pillar, is excluded
entirely from the SCI because it is not persistent in the longer
term; the (annual) government budget balances of the same pillar
in the GCI have been replaced by five-year averages because this
reflects longer-term policy trends better; and aggregated secondary education enrollment rates have been replaced by separate
rates for males and females, assigning a half weight to each
instance, because this provides a sense of gender equality in the
economy, which is very important to social sustainability.
References
Berg A. and J. Ostry. 2011. Inequlity and Unsustainable Growth: Two
Sides of the Same Coin? IMF Staff Discussion Note. Washington
DC: International Monetary Fund. Available at http://www.imf.org/
external/pubs/ft/sdn/2011/sdn1108.pdf.
The Carbon Trust. Global Flows. International Carbon Flows. Available
at http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/policy-legislation/internationalcarbon-flows/pages/default.aspx.
The Climate Group. 2011. Delivering Low Carbon Growth: A Guide
to Chinas 12th Five Year Plan. Report commissioned by HSBC
Climate Change Centre of Excellence. Available at http://www.
theclimategroup.org/_assets/files/FINAL_14Mar11_-TCG_
DELIVERING-LOW-CARBON-GROWTH-V3.pdf.
Coase, R. 1960. The Problem of Social Cost. Journal of Law and
Economics 3 (October): 144.
Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, and
National Research Council. 1994. Assigning Economic Value to
Natural Resources. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
Council of Europe. 2008. Report of High-Level Task Force on Social
Cohesion: Towards an Active, Fair and Socially Cohesive Europe.
Strasbourg: Council of Europe. TFSC (2007) 31E. Available at
www.coe.int/t/dg3/socialpolicies/source/TFSC(2007)31E.doc.
Cowen, T., ed. 1992. Public Goods and Market Failures. New
Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Elkington, J. 1997. Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st
Century Business. Oxford, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
Esteban, J. and D. Ray. 2006. Inequality, Lobbying and Resource
Allocation. The American Economic Review 96 (1): 25779.
Esty, D. C., M. Levy, T. Srebotnjak, and A. de Sherbinin. 2005. 2005
Environmental Sustainability Index: Benchmarking National
Environmental Stewardship. New Haven: Yale Center for
Environmental Law & Policy. Available at http://www.yale.edu/
esi/.
European Commision, Economic and Financial Affairs. 2009.
Sustainability Report 2009. Luxembourg: European Communities.
Ewing B., A. Reed, A. Galli, J. Kitzes, and M. Wackernagel. 2010.
Calculation Methodology for the National Footprint Accounts.
Oakland: Global Footprint Network.
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. 2011. Seismic Shifts: The Economic
Impact of Demographic Change. Conference Series 46, ed. J. S.
Little and R. K. Triest. Available at http://www.bos.frb.org/economic/conf/conf46/.
Feyrer, J. 2007. Demographics and Productivity. The Review of
Economics and Statistics 89 (1): 10009.
Fuentes-Nieva, R. and I. Pereira. 2010. The Disconnect Between
Indicators of Sustainability and Human Development. Human
Development Research Paper No. 2010/34. New York: UNDP.
67
68
HUMAN CAPITAL
B. Primary education
G4.09 Quality of primary education
G4.10 Primary education enrollment rate *
of education
Quality of the education system
Quality of math and science education
Quality of management schools
Internet access in schools
C. On-the-job training
G5.07 Local availability of research and training serv.
G5.08 Extent of staff training
Social cohesion
S03
S04
S05
S06
MARKET CONDITIONS
69
Business sophistication
G11.01
G11.02
G11.03
G11.04
G11.05
G11.06
G11.07
G11.08
G11.09
G7.07
Innovation
Market size
A. Domestic market size
G10.01 Domestic market size index * h
B. Foreign market size
G10.02 Foreign market size index * i
G12.01
G12.02
G12.03
G12.04
G12.05
A. Competitione
70
1. Domestic competitione
G6.01 Intensity of local competition
G6.02 Extent of market dominance
G6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy
G6.04 Extent and effect of taxation
G6.05 Total tax rate*
G6.06 Number of procedures required to start a business * f
G6.07 Time required to start a business * f
G6.08 Agricultural policy costs
2. Foreign competition
G6.09 Prevalence of trade barriers
G6.10 Trade tariffs *
G6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership
G6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI
G6.13 Burden of customs procedures
G6.14 Imports as a percentage of GDP * g
B. Quality of demand conditions
G6.15 Degree of customer orientation
G6.16 Buyer sophistication
Technological readiness
A. Technological adoption
G9.01 Availability of latest technologies
G9.02 Firm-level technology absorption
G9.03 FDI and technology transfer
B. ICT use
G9.04
G9.05
G9.06
G2.08
G2.09
Internet users *
Broadband Internet subscriptions *
Internet bandwidth *
Fixed telephone lines *
Mobile telephone subscriptions *
Institutions
A. Public institutions
1. Property rights
G1.01 Property rights
G1.02 Intellectual property protection
2. Ethics and corruption
G1.03 Diversion of public funds
G1.04 Public trust of politicians
G1.05 Irregular payments and bribes
3. Undue influence
G1.06 Judicial independence
G1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials
4. Government inefficiency
G1.08 Wastefulness of government spending
G1.09 Burden of government regulation
G1.10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes
G1.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging
regulations
G1.12 Transparency of government policymaking
5. Security
G1.13 Business costs of terrorism
G1.14 Business costs of crime and violence
G1.15 Organized crime
G1.16 Reliability of police services
B. Private institutions
1. Corporate ethics
G1.17 Ethical behavior of firms
2. Accountability
G1.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards
G1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards
G1.20 Protection of minority shareholders interests
G1.21 Strength of investor protection *
Infrastructure
A. Transport infrastructure
G2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure
G2.02 Quality of roads
G2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure
G2.04 Quality of port infrastructure
G2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure
G2.06 Available seat kilometers *
B. Energy and telephony infrastructure
G2.07 Quality of electricity supply
G2.08 Fixed telephone lines *
G2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions *
Environmental policy
S08
S09
S10
S11
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Resource efficiency
S12
S13
S14
Energy intensity *
Agricultural water intensity *
CO2 intensity *
Air pollution *
Water stress index *
NOTES
a Formally, for a category i composed of K indicators, we have:
K
categoryi
d The impact of malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS on competitiveness depends not only on their respective incidence rates but
also on how costly they are for business. Therefore, in order to
estimate the impact of each of the three diseases, we combine
its incidence rate with the Survey question on its perceived cost
to businesses. To combine these data we first take the ratio of
each countrys disease incidence rate relative to the highest incidence rate in the whole sample. The inverse of this ratio is then
multiplied by each countrys score on the related Survey question.
This product is then normalized to a 1-to-7 scale. Note that countries with zero reported incidence receive a 7, regardless of their
scores on the related Survey question.
e The competition subpillar is the weighted average of two components: domestic competition and foreign competition. In both
components, the included variables provide an indication of the
extent to which competition is distorted. The relative importance
of these distortions depends on the relative size of domestic versus foreign competition. This interaction between the domestic
market and the foreign market is captured by the way we determine the weights of the two components. Domestic competition is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government
spending (G), and exports (X), while foreign competition is equal
to imports (M). Thus we assign a weight of (C + I + G + X)/(C + I
+ G + X + M) to domestic competition and a weight of M/(C + I +
G + X + M) to foreign competition.
indicatork
k=1
b Formally, we have:
6 x
+ 7
Environmental degradation
S18
S19
6 x
Macroeconomic environment j
G3.02
G3.04
G3.05
G3.06
S07
+ 1
71
Appendix B: Technical notes and sources for the Sustainable Competitiveness Index variables
This appendix presents the technical descriptions and
sources for the additional 19 variables that are specific
to the Sustainable Competitiveness Index (SCI).These
variables are identified by an S before the variable
number. They appear here in order, from S01 through
S19. The numbering indicates only the order of these
variables in the structure, but not the pillar to which
they belong.
The descriptions and sources for the variables
common to the GCI are available in the Technical
Notes and Sources at the end of the Report.
72
Appendix B: Technical notes and sources for the Sustainable Competitiveness Index variables (contd.)
73
74
Appendix B: Technical notes and sources for the Sustainable Competitiveness Index variables (contd.)
S13 Agricultural water intensity
Agricultural water withdrawal as a percent of total
renewable water resources | 2002
This indicator is calculated as the ratio of (100 Agricultural
water withdrawal) to Total renewable water resources, where
Total renewable water resources = (Total surface renewable
water + Total renewable groundwater Overlap between surface water and groundwater). Where available, Total renewable
water resources include the percent of desalinated water used
for agriculture (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates,
Qatar, Bahrain, and Spain). They also include renewable freshwater resources as well as the potential over-abstraction of
renewable groundwater or the withdrawal of fossil groundwater, the use of agricultural drainage water, and desalinated
water and treated wastewater. They include water withdrawn
for irrigation purposes and for livestock watering, although
depending on the countrythis last category sometimes is
included in municipal water withdrawal. The value of water
withdrawn for irrigation far exceeds the consumptive use of
irrigation because of water lost in its distribution from its source
to the crops. The term water requirement ratio (sometimes also
called irrigation efficiency
efficiency) is used to indicate the ratio between
the net irrigation water requirements or crop water requirements, which is the volume of water needed to compensate
for the deficit between potential evapotranspiration and effective precipitation over the growing period of the crop, and the
amount of water withdrawn for irrigation, including the losses.
In the specific case of paddy rice irrigation, additional water is
needed for flooding to facilitate land preparation and to protect
plants. In that case, irrigation water requirements are the sum
of rainfall deficit and the water needed to flood paddy fields. At
the scheme level, water requirement ratio values can vary from
less than 20 percent to more than 95 percent. For livestock
watering, the ratio between net consumptive use and water
withdrawn is estimated to be between 60 and 90 percent.
By default, livestock water use is accounted for in agricultural
water use, although some countries include it in municipal
water withdrawal.
Sources: Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Yale
University; Food and Agricultural Organization of the United
Nations (FAO), Aquastat
CHAPTER 1.3
75
n Previous coverage
n 2011 additions
76
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
1.
2.
3.
77
78
Table 1: Distribution of respondents to the Executive Opinion Survey 2011 by country and firm size
Sample size
Country/Economy
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina*
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cte dIvoire
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan*
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Count
79
39
31
86
83
72
46
96
80
69
37
68
30
105
79
100
114
185
91
126
40
77
132
100
83
98
83
113
75
370
137
99
97
99
153
33
54
134
121
90
93
100
33
109
91
95
95
84
85
78
84
146
85
51
50
81
248
86
328
49
47
92
53
105
96
122
104
112
49
99
176
48
Online (%)
0
0
23
99
12
76
30
1
99
0
27
100
100
0
100
0
42
81
58
0
0
0
0
0
0
97
28
0
48
1
52
90
5
0
100
82
11
49
0
100
100
0
100
1
0
100
91
98
59
0
0
0
18
71
38
100
34
3
73
98
100
4
0
5
74
0
0
0
37
0
98
96
65
77
61
30
64
46
46
80
46
19
59
46
63
88
92
66
70
22
71
43
65
81
77
51
51
34
77
88
23
29
49
47
38
63
57
36
26
35
17
46
66
59
48
19
87
82
33
55
40
42
81
69
48
45
26
68
29
35
52
49
36
37
55
11
56
42
54
49
43
75
50
38
101
500
501
1,000
1,001
5,000
5,001
20,000
>20,000
No response
30
8
19
29
28
29
4
15
31
19
19
19
33
9
5
24
17
14
24
45
28
17
14
23
30
16
18
4
17
20
39
33
38
30
27
18
44
37
32
37
30
31
24
24
9
11
13
27
19
27
12
27
29
8
36
27
25
23
32
22
38
18
17
15
24
43
31
13
33
19
39
31
4
3
10
10
4
7
7
1
13
16
16
7
0
1
1
3
4
9
2
6
5
1
3
13
8
9
4
1
11
13
6
9
7
3
7
9
11
13
21
6
0
2
9
5
0
4
14
8
15
14
4
1
5
8
26
4
9
17
7
8
13
16
11
27
14
7
4
13
6
3
6
15
1
5
10
17
4
11
33
3
9
35
3
19
0
1
0
5
6
27
1
6
3
0
2
10
8
21
0
1
27
18
4
8
14
1
7
27
9
10
23
11
4
7
15
19
0
2
21
7
15
13
1
1
13
22
8
1
19
14
6
12
9
14
17
33
4
7
4
17
14
3
5
15
0
0
0
12
0
6
9
0
1
3
0
4
3
0
0
1
1
21
0
1
0
0
4
1
0
12
0
0
15
12
1
2
1
1
1
9
6
4
2
1
0
0
3
13
0
1
4
0
6
3
0
0
4
14
2
0
11
1
1
4
4
8
0
10
0
0
5
6
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
6
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
8
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
19
0
0
16
1
4
1
0
0
1
4
2
0
5
8
0
4
0
7
0
4
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
2
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
1
6
4
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
2
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
4
0
0
1
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
(Contd.)
Sample size
Country/Economy
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco*
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar*
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia*
Senegal
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia*
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
GRAND TOTAL
Count
Online (%)
101
500
501
1,000
1,001
5,000
5,001
20,000
>20,000
No response
79
178
35
115
86
64
87
129
52
71
95
354
108
84
78
94
112
75
102
87
51
93
110
47
70
130
134
94
88
93
198
136
63
75
94
377
40
152
90
81
152
78
101
57
103
105
34
40
32
90
85
68
101
92
55
31
116
101
79
94
104
108
93
422
82
45
96
52
88
56
3
79
94
9
0
23
39
0
60
0
57
67
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
99
88
57
0
96
20
22
45
41
0
1
96
35
100
9
0
2
0
1
0
0
57
81
0
54
80
0
9
53
94
96
4
65
0
0
2
0
48
57
4
0
0
12
99
98
0
100
1
0
0
38
53
44
37
65
49
58
41
76
69
70
40
38
43
52
73
76
64
59
49
24
24
59
71
15
29
45
66
48
16
44
26
33
63
28
88
33
45
59
76
46
17
56
46
23
32
41
79
60
9
43
67
4
88
78
27
84
50
53
8
60
41
33
49
41
56
44
54
71
74
11
29
40
29
30
38
25
25
16
21
11
33
16
29
33
13
11
22
24
35
31
24
26
16
53
41
31
19
38
44
23
28
26
16
33
4
28
38
14
19
43
39
27
27
7
23
33
15
33
16
17
25
21
9
18
25
6
27
31
24
26
34
16
9
19
30
24
28
13
19
25
9
6
11
3
8
5
7
4
6
0
7
7
16
13
1
5
8
11
11
14
20
4
4
2
6
12
4
9
19
17
21
13
11
13
2
24
5
9
6
6
18
10
16
0
6
7
3
3
22
7
4
15
1
1
15
0
9
6
25
9
12
23
4
8
9
7
7
10
3
27
6
7
20
0
5
8
15
1
0
0
19
18
10
0
1
3
4
4
5
18
20
11
4
13
23
10
7
5
18
10
19
18
6
8
2
11
5
13
0
5
20
5
9
30
22
15
3
5
38
11
2
40
2
1
27
0
12
8
34
4
13
18
11
13
2
18
7
4
2
30
0
1
3
0
0
3
8
0
2
0
1
10
2
1
0
5
0
1
0
8
10
0
0
13
0
2
2
0
2
4
1
9
3
8
2
2
0
5
0
0
5
1
1
12
12
2
0
0
16
9
0
16
0
0
2
0
0
1
8
0
1
7
6
9
0
4
2
0
0
7
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
4
1
0
4
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
28
5
0
0
0
0
13
0
4
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
20
9
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
0
2
1
3
0
18
0
1
1
0
12
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
5
0
0
8
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
10
2
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
2
2
1
2
0
0
14,039
36
49
25
11
* Statistics are from the 2010 edition of the Executive Opinion Survey. See text for details.
Table 1: Distribution of respondents to the Executive Opinion Survey 2011 by country and firm size (contd.)
79
xi,q,c xq,c
zi,q,c =
q,c
xi,q,c xq,c
q,c
80
s
qc =
w
s
N s,c
with
qc =
j
s,c s,c
q j,s,c
,
Ns,c
where
ss contribution to the economy of
qc =
s,c
s wS s,c isqsector
qcountry
c = c,wand
s,c qs,cN is the mean of the responses from
s,c
sector ss in countryN s,cc (qqj,s,c
is response j from sector
qqc c== j,s,c
s and country
c, and
is
N
j
Ns,cs,c the number of responses
j
from sector s in country c).
c
When, for a given country, the sample size is too
small or the sectoral representation of the sample is too
different from the actual structure in the economy, the
Country/Economy
Albania
Algeria
Angola*
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso*
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Ireland
Israel*
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait*
Kyrgyz Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Agriculture
Manufacturing
industry
21
12
10
8
21
3
2
8
0
19
4
1
12
32
14
8
3
6
1
6
33
35
35
19
2
9
14
3
10
7
7
24
7
2
2
1
6
6
14
12
3
51
3
2
27
10
1
32
3
12
21
25
12
0
4
6
18
16
10
1
3
2
6
1
3
6
23
3
0
29
3
5
12
6
6
21
16
10
19
4
12
18
7
14
14
8
14
13
4
16
10
15
14
9
15
17
14
7
7
13
34
14
19
18
16
8
23
13
24
10
16
21
17
4
18
11
5
12
19
7
10
20
8
16
19
2
22
13
15
27
11
24
22
16
9
20
20
11
9
28
2
13
10
9
Nonmanufacturing
industry
Services
8
48
53
11
19
19
11
56
51
11
11
8
8
6
22
15
35
10
61
15
9
11
8
14
18
13
42
29
12
20
8
7
11
12
14
9
8
13
21
6
12
7
10
8
10
10
7
12
7
9
27
9
6
8
14
12
22
34
8
10
9
13
8
12
29
7
9
49
7
11
8
59
34
31
61
45
68
69
32
36
53
78
78
65
54
50
64
57
69
28
64
44
45
42
50
67
71
38
55
43
58
66
50
66
78
60
77
61
71
49
60
68
39
69
79
57
69
73
49
79
59
45
59
60
92
66
66
55
35
45
68
63
73
72
71
65
53
62
61
49
51
77
78
(Contd.)
Country/Economy
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland*
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan, China
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey*
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela*
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Agriculture
Manufacturing
industry
8
4
0
11
29
31
10
37
2
21
4
4
10
24
10
16
31
9
34
2
6
19
33
1
2
22
6
19
7
15
4
2
1
0
7
5
34
3
17
13
0
3
2
3
3
13
5
7
2
1
21
2
22
29
12
9
0
8
9
25
8
2
1
1
10
4
21
14
22
18
17
18
7
23
14
10
25
3
14
4
19
17
12
5
6
16
14
15
7
13
15
20
3
10
8
17
6
13
14
20
16
13
40
8
22
15
6
10
13
25
19
19
22
15
13
18
21
44
16
19
13
25
11
10
34
3
6
16
17
8
18
12
11
13
16
16
20
5
10
17
Nonmanufacturing
industry
Services
17
14
7
13
2
6
19
21
19
31
10
18
0
28
14
13
10
18
9
11
10
10
38
31
47
7
11
8
20
10
14
10
3
64
4
18
8
40
9
3
7
15
12
16
13
12
19
5
9
8
20
3
13
15
9
21
46
13
9
18
11
48
10
8
10
41
20
36
24
12
58
64
86
52
55
53
46
39
65
45
67
61
77
44
70
55
45
58
50
74
69
51
27
59
43
54
77
59
59
55
66
75
56
29
67
62
51
46
62
59
74
63
64
66
71
58
55
43
73
72
45
70
54
47
45
68
47
62
65
50
62
38
78
77
64
38
39
45
44
53
Sources: World Bank, Data Catalog (accessed April 17, 2011); Central Information
Agency, World Factbook (accessed June 3, 2011); national sources.
* Countries for which a simple average was used for computing 2011 scores.
See text for details.
Combined share of manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries.
81
qi,
qi,c1011
1011
For
Survey question qi , country cs score,
qi,
qi,c1011 , is given by:
qi, any qgiven
i,c
1011
1011
1011
qi,i,i,1011 qi,ci,c
1011
2010
i,c
q
qi,c1011 qi,c2011
(1)
qi,c wc2010 qi,c2010 wc2011 qi,c2011
i,c qi,c
1011 2010 2010 20101011 20112011
qi,c1011 qi,c2010 qi,c1011 qi,c2011
q
q cqi,c qi,c2011
qi,c1011q
qi,c1011 wc2010 qi,c2010 wc2011 qi,c2011
i,c w
c i,c q i,c i,c w
where
1011
1011
2010
2011
1011
1011
2010
2011
t
1011
2010
2010
2011
2011
1011
1011
2010
2011
1011
2010
2011
2011
2010
2010
2011
2011
t
qi,ci,c
qi,ci,c
qi,c
wccc2010
qi,c
q1011
i,c
i,c
i,c
i,c
qi,ci,c
qi,c
qi,c
i,c
i,c
i,c N
c
i,c
i,c
i,c
c wcc
i,c
i,c
t
t
2010
t
t q i,n,con question q in year
qi,c
t, withNtc = 2010, 2011,
as computed following the
qi,ctt is country cts Nscore
Nc
i
c
t
qttti,n,c
(1) 2010 2010 2011 q t
qi,c n=1
t
t
t
q
qi,cti,c
Nc t n=1 i,n,c
Nc2010
Ncct Ni,n,c in the text;
N
N
i,c approach tdescribed
N
t
N
c
c
2010
c
n=1 tttc
qi,n,c2010 2010
(1) 2010
qi,n,c
(1)
w
20102011
q
t
q
2010
c
i,c
i,c
q
t
t
i,n,c
Ntttc
Nc Nc2011
i,n,c
N2 Nccc Nc
t
N cyear t;
n=1
t
N ci,n,c
2010
t
n=1
n=1
t c2010
qi,n,c
response
(ona(1)
17 scale)
to question
qi in
wc2010
qi,ci,c
i,n,c is respondent
w
ti,n,c
2010
2011
i,c ns
2011
c
2010
2011
t
t
NcN
Nc t
Nccc
2
2010
2 ccc
N ccct
2010
1
wccc2010
N2c2011
Nwctccttc is the sample size
(i.e.,
the
number
of
respondents)
for
country
c
in
year
t
;
and
t
t
2010
2011 2011
wc
11
Nc2011
Ncc
Nc w
Nc
t
wc2011 1 2010
wc2011
wc2010 0
2011
2011
2010in2011
2011 t (see below).
to country
c
s
score
year
N 2010
N 2011
1011
2010c
2011
c
2010
2011
1011
2010
2010 1
2010
qi,c1011
q 20102011
q 2011 1qi,c qi,c2010 2010 2011
i,c (1)
qqi,ci,c 2010 2011 2011 qi,c
Nc2011
w
qi,c1011qw
i,c c q
c i,cq i,c i,c
Nc
2
2
N
N
N
N
Nc2010
Nc2011
N
N
(1)
c
c
c
c
c
c
2010
2011
2010
2011
q n=1
1
2010
2011
2010
1
1 q 1011 1 (1)q
t
qi,c
qi,c qi,c2011
2010
qc2011
2011
qi,c
2010
i,c
qi,c1011 (1)
2010 2011
2011
Nc2010N
N
qct i,n,c
2010
2011 q i,c
2011 q i,c
i,c
i,c
2010 2010
2010 2011
2010
2011
N
2010
N
N
c
2
2
N
N
N
N
N
N
2
2
N
N
N
N
discounted-past
weighted
average
t
N
N
c
c
n=1
2010
2011
2010
2011
c
c
c
c
c
c
1
1
1011
c
c
c
c
w
2010
2011
2010
2011
t
c
c
sample-size
weighted
average
1011 (1)
qi,c
t
qi,ci,ci,c2010
qi,ci,ci,c2011
qi,ci,ci,c2010
qi,ci,ci,c2011
(2a)
2010
(1)
11
(1)
qq
qq
11
qq
qq
2010
qi,c cqqqi,c1011
2010
2011
2010
2011
(1)
i,c
N
2011
2cN
2010
2011
2011
i,c
N
N
Nc2011
Nccc2010
Nccc2011
Nccc2010
Naverage
222
222
N
ct
N ct
2010
discounted-past N
weighted
N
N
N
N
discounted-past
weighted average
ccc
2010
sample-size weighted average
sample-size
weighted
average
q
w
i,n,c
c
Nc
t
2
discounted-past
weighted average
average
2011
discounted-past
weighted
qi,n,c
(1) 2010
discounted-past
weighted
average
qi,ct Nn=1
sample-size weighted
weighted average
average
sample-size
sample-size
weighted
average
c t
Nc2011
and
N
c
N
2010
2010 2011
c 2011
t
t
wc t
t
N
N
c
c
N
N
t
t
t
1
1
t
t
N
c c
cwc2011qi,c c N(1)
2010
qi,c w
0qi,c w22011
1 t t t qi,c t t t qi,c
c
c
2
N
N
N
2 2010
Nct
Nct
2011
c Nc1Nc
cN
c
c
t
t
t
t
1
t
t
t
t
t
t
1
1
t t
2
Nc . q 2010
qi,c tqi,c tttt qqi,ci,c
qi,c t
qi,c
qi,c t ttt t (1)
2011
qi,c
qi,c Nc (1)
t
t
i,c
2011
wctwc2011
0
1
w
w
N
N
2
Nc Nc
Nc Nct
2
211 c c Nc N
Nc N
211
NcN
NcN
c
N
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
1
1
cc c
cc c
ttt t
(2b)
t
t
t
t
t
qi,ci,ci,c
q
qi,c
qi,c
ttt
(1)
2(1)
qq
qq
qq
qq
qqqi,ci,ci,c
i,c
(1)
i,c
i,c
N
N
Ncccttt
Ncccttt i,ci,c N
Nccc
Ncccttt i,ci,c
222
N
N
N
N
82
Nc2010222Nc2011N
2011
2010
2011
wc 1
w
wc 0
2011
Nc2010 c
2 Nc
2010
2011
2011
1
Nc2005
Nc2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
1 1
qi,c
qi,c2010
20101
(1) qi,c q0506
2010 q
2011
2011 q i,c
q
q
(1)
i,c2010
2011
i,c
i,c
2005
2005 2006 2006 q i,c
2005 2006
i,c
Plugging
equations
(2a)
and
(2b)
into
(1)
and
rearranging
yields:
2
2
N
N
N
N
c
c
c
c
N
N
2
2
NN N
N N N
N 2005
N 2006
1
111 222
t
tqi,n,c
t
i,c
111
222
111
111
2 2
222
111
222
222
111
222
2
c
2010
2010
c
c 2006
c
c
1
c
2005 c
2005
2006
1 c q 2011
2005
1 1
1 qc 0506 c
qi,c2011
(1) qi,cweighted
discounted-past
qi,c qi,c20061
(1)
qi,c2005 2011 qqi,ci,c2006 2010
2006
qi,c 2005
qi,c
i,c
(1) 2010
i,c 2011 2005
qi,c q
qi,c0506
i,c 2006
2005
2006
2005
2005 2006
2005
average
Nc2006
Nc2006
2
2
Nc
Ncsample-size2006
Nc 121average
Nc Nc 2N
Nccc2005
Nccc2006
2
N
N
N
weighted
2
N
N
N
N
N
2005
2006
2005
2006
c
c
1
0506
c
c
c
2005
2005
2006
1
0506
2005
2006
2005
2006
2010
2011
qi,ci,ci,c
qi,ci,ci,c
qi,ci,ci,c
qi,ci,ci,c
N2005
(1)
1
(1)
qq
qq
1
qq
qq
qqqi,ci,c0506
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2005
2006
2006
c
c
N
N
2010
2011
2010
2011
1 222 (1)
1 22 average
1011i,caverage
NN
Ncc2006
Nccc2005
Ncc2006
1011
N
N
discounted-past weighted
N
N
N
N
ccc
2010
.
(3)
weighted
(1)
qi,c
qi,c 3.24
2
3.45 2010
qi, qi,c q
2011c q i,c
2011c q i,c
0.424
3.73sample-size
0.576
i,c 2
2
Nc
Nc
Nc
Nc
2010
2011
0.424 3.73 0.576 3.24 3.45
0.576 3.24
0.424 3.73
3.45
discounted-past
average N t
sample-size
weighted average 2011
Nct weighted
c
t
t
t
1 0.424
1
2010
2011
0.4242010
2011
3.73t
0.576
3.24
3.24
3.45
3.73
0.576
t 3.45
1011
2010
3.73
0.576
3.24
3.45
qi,ct
q
1011
q2010
(1) qi,c
2010
0.424
2011
i,c
i,c
t
t
qi,c1011 qi,c2011
qi,c wc q2i,c N2010
w
t qi,c
Nc NNt c qi,c qi,c
2
c c NNc
2010
2011
2011
2010
2011
c
c
t
t
t
t
1
1
equation
qi,c (3),
(1) qi,c In
the
qi,cofthet weighting
qscheme
i,c
is the discounted-past weighted average. The
Nct
2 first
Nct component
Nc Nct
2
t
t
qsecond
N c is the t
Nct The two
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1 For all four of these countries, only 2011 Survey data are used.
2 The World Economic Forums Centre for Global Competitiveness
and Performance would like to acknowledge e-Rewards Market
Research for carrying out the Executive Opinion Survey 2011
in the United States, collecting over 450 surveys following the
detailed sampling guidelines.
3 The Survey sampling guidelines each year emphasize the need
to have a sample with a sufficient presence of large companies
because these companies tend to have better knowledge about
the overall economy and the relative quality of the business
environment. The size stratification of the sample helps to better
achieve this goal.
4 Company size is defined as the number of employees of the firm
in the country of the Survey respondent. The company size value
used for delineating the large and small company sample frames
varies across countries. The size value tracks closely with the
overall size of the economy. Adjustments were made to the value
based on searches in company directories and data gathered
through the administration of the Survey in past years.
5 In order to reach the required number of surveys in each country
(80 for most economies and 300 for the BRIC countries and the
United States), a Partner Institute uses the response rate from
previous years.
6 The results are the scores obtained by each country in the various
questions of the Survey. The two terms are used interchangeably
throughout the text.
7 The completion rate is the proportion of unanswered questions
among the 120 core questions in the Survey instrument.
8 In a few cases, the respondent has not answered the question
relative to their companys activity. In order to include the surveys
with missing sector information in the country averages, the average response values for the surveys without sector information
are apportioned to the other sectors according to the sample
sizes in those other sectors. This has the effect of including these
surveys on a one-for-one basis as they occur in the samplethat
is, with no adjustment for sector.
9 For details about the 2010 Survey dataset, please refer to Browne
and Geiger 2010.
Reference
Browne, C. and T. Geiger. 2010. The Executive Opinion Survey: The
Business Executives Insight into their Operating Environment.
The Global Competitiveness Report 20102011. Geneva: World
Economic Forum.
83
Part 2
Data Presentation
2.1
Country/Economy Profiles
The Country/Economy Profiles section presents a twopage profile for each of the 142 economies covered in
The Global Competitiveness Report 20112012.
Albania
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions) ...................................................3.2
GDP (US$ billions) .....................................................11.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,677
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
Page 1
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Key indicators
Rank
(out of 142)
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Transition
12
Factor
driven
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Infrastructure
6
5
Business
sophistication
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Albania
Efficiency-driven economies
89
0
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
30
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
90
Albania
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
VALUE RANK/142
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
Cooperation in labor-empl
labor
oyer relations ................ 5.1 ............21
Flexibility of wage determination .......................... 5.1 ............73
Rigidity of employment index, 0100 (worst)* ... 25.0 ............68
Hiring and firing practices ..................................... 4.7 ............21
Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... 56 ............93
Pay and productivity .............................................. 4.7 ............17
Reliance on professional management ................. 4.3 ............69
Brain drain ............................................................. 3.1 ............83
Women in labor force, ratio to men* .................. 0.73 ............87
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
Page 2
List of Countries/Economies
List of Countries/Economies
Country/Economy
Page
Country/Economy
Page
Country/Economy
Page
Albania
92
Greece
188
Oman
284
Algeria
94
Guatemala
190
Pakistan
286
Angola
96
Guyana
192
Panama
288
Argentina
98
Haiti
194
Paraguay
290
Armenia
100
Honduras
196
Peru
292
Australia
102
198
Philippines
294
Austria
104
Hungary
200
Poland
296
Azerbaijan
106
Iceland
202
Portugal
298
Bahrain
108
India
204
Puerto Rico
300
Bangladesh
110
Indonesia
206
Qatar
302
Barbados
112
208
Romania
304
Belgium
114
Ireland
210
Russian Federation
306
Belize
116
Israel
212
Rwanda
308
Benin
118
Italy
214
Saudi Arabia
310
Bolivia
120
Jamaica
216
Senegal
312
122
Japan
218
Serbia
314
Botswana
124
Jordan
220
Singapore
316
Brazil
126
Kazakhstan
222
Slovak Republic
318
Brunei Darussalam
128
Kenya
224
Slovenia
320
Bulgaria
130
Korea, Rep.
226
South Africa
322
Burkina Faso
132
Kuwait
228
Spain
324
Burundi
134
Kyrgyz Republic
230
Sri Lanka
326
Cambodia
136
Latvia
232
Suriname
328
Cameroon
138
Lebanon
234
Swaziland
330
Canada
140
Lesotho
236
Sweden
332
Cape Verde
142
Lithuania
238
Switzerland
334
Chad
144
Luxembourg
240
Syria
336
Chile
146
Macedonia, FYR
242
Taiwan, China
338
China
148
Madagascar
244
Tajikistan
340
Colombia
150
Malawi
246
Tanzania
342
Costa Rica
152
Malaysia
248
Thailand
344
Cte dIvoire
154
Mali
250
Timor-Leste
346
Croatia
156
Malta
252
348
Cyprus
158
Mauritania
254
Tunisia
350
Czech Republic
160
Mauritius
256
Turkey
352
Denmark
162
Mexico
258
Uganda
354
Dominican Republic
164
Moldova
260
Ukraine
356
Ecuador
166
Mongolia
262
358
Egypt
168
Montenegro
264
United Kingdom
360
El Salvador
170
Morocco
266
United States
362
Estonia
172
Mozambique
268
Uruguay
364
Ethiopia
174
Namibia
270
Venezuela
366
Finland
176
Nepal
272
Vietnam
368
France
178
Netherlands
274
Yemen
370
Gambia, The
180
New Zealand
276
Zambia
372
Georgia
182
Nicaragua
278
Zimbabwe
374
Germany
184
Nigeria
280
Ghana
186
Norway
282
91
Albania
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.2
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................11.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,677
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
92
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Albania
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Albania
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
93
Algeria
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................35.4
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................160.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,435
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.34
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
94
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Algeria
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Algeria
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
95
Angola
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................19.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................85.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,478
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.15
Angola
6,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
96
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Angola
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Angola
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
97
Argentina
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................40.7
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................370.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................9,138
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.85
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
98
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Argentina
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Argentina
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
99
Armenia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.1
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................9.4
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,846
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
100
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Armenia
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Armenia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
101
Australia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................21.5
GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,235.5
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................55,590
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.19
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
102
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Australia
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Australia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
103
Austria
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................8.4
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................376.8
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................44,987
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.45
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
104
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Austria
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Austria
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
105
Azerbaijan
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................8.9
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................54.4
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................6,008
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.12
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
106
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Azerbaijan
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Azerbaijan
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
107
Bahrain
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.8
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................22.7
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................20,475
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.04
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
108
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Bahrain
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Bahrain
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
109
Bangladesh
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................164.4
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................104.9
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................638
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.35
Bangladesh
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
110
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Bangladesh
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Bangladesh
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
111
Barbados
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.3
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................4.0
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................14,326
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
112
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Barbados
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Barbados
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
113
Belgium
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.7
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................465.7
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................42,630
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.53
Belgium
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
114
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Belgium
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Belgium
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
115
Belize
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.3
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................1.4
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,159
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.00
Belize
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
116
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Belize
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Belize
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
117
Benin
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................9.2
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................6.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................689
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Benin
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
118
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Benin
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Benin
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
119
Bolivia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................19.4
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,858
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.07
Bolivia
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
120
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Bolivia
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Bolivia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
121
Population (millions)...................................................3.8
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................16.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,319
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.04
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
122
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
123
Botswana
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................14.0
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................7,627
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.04
Botswana
20,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
124
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Botswana
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Botswana
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
125
Brazil
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................195.4
GDP (US$ billions)................................................2,090.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................10,816
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................2.94
Brazil
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
126
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Brazil
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Brazil
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
127
Brunei Darussalam
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.4
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................13.0
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................31,239
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Brunei Darussalam
60,000
Developing Asia
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
128
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Brunei Darussalam
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Brunei Darussalam
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
129
Bulgaria
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................7.5
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................47.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................6,334
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.12
Bulgaria
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
130
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Bulgaria
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Bulgaria
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
131
Burkina Faso
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................16.3
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................8.8
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................598
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Burkina Faso
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
132
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Burkina Faso
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Burkina Faso
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
133
Burundi
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................8.5
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................1.5
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................180
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Burundi
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
134
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Burundi
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Burundi
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
135
Cambodia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................15.1
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................11.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................814
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.04
Cambodia
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
136
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Cambodia
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Cambodia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
137
Cameroon
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................20.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................22.5
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,101
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.06
Cameroon
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
138
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Cameroon
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Cameroon
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
139
Canada
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................33.9
GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,574.1
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................46,215
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.80
Canada
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
140
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Canada
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Canada
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
141
Cape Verde
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.5
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................1.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,157
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.00
Cape Verde
4,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
142
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Cape Verde
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Cape Verde
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
143
Chad
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................11.5
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................7.8
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................768
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Chad
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
144
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Chad
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Chad
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
145
Chile
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................17.1
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................203.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................11,828
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.35
Chile
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
146
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Chile
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Chile
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
147
China
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)............................................1,354.1
GDP (US$ billions)................................................5,878.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,382
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total................13.61
China
8,000
Developing Asia
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
148
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
China
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
China
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
149
Colombia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................46.3
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................285.5
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................6,273
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.58
Colombia
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
150
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Colombia
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Colombia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
151
Costa Rica
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.6
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................35.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................7,843
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.07
Costa Rica
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
152
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Costa Rica
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Costa Rica
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
153
Cte dIvoire
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................21.6
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................22.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,036
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.05
Cte dIvoire
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
154
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Cte dIvoire
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Cte dIvoire
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
155
Croatia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.4
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................60.6
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................13,720
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.11
Croatia
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
156
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Croatia
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Croatia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
157
Cyprus
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.9
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................23.2
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................28,237
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Cyprus
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
158
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Cyprus
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Cyprus
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
159
Czech Republic
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.4
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................192.2
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................18,288
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.35
Czech Republic
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
160
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Czech Republic
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Czech Republic
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
161
Denmark
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................5.5
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................310.8
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................56,147
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.27
Denmark
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
162
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Denmark
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Denmark
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
163
Dominican Republic
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.2
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................51.6
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................5,228
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.12
Dominican Republic
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
164
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Dominican Republic
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Dominican Republic
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
165
Ecuador
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................13.8
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................58.9
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,984
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.15
Ecuador
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
166
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Ecuador
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Ecuador
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
167
Egypt
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................84.5
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................218.5
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,789
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.67
Egypt
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
168
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Egypt
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Egypt
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
169
El Salvador
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................6.2
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................21.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,701
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.06
El Salvador
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
170
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
El Salvador
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
El Salvador
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
171
Estonia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................1.3
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................19.8
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................14,836
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Estonia
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
172
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Estonia
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Estonia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
173
Ethiopia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................85.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................29.7
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................350
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.12
Ethiopia
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
174
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Ethiopia
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Ethiopia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
175
Finland
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................5.3
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................239.2
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................44,489
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.25
Finland
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
176
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Finland
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Finland
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
177
France
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................62.6
GDP (US$ billions)................................................2,582.5
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................41,019
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................2.90
France
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
178
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
France
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
France
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
179
Gambia, The
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................1.8
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................1.1
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................617
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
The Gambia
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
180
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
The Gambia
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Gambia, The
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
181
Georgia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.2
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................11.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,658
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Georgia
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
182
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Georgia
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Georgia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
183
Germany
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................82.1
GDP (US$ billions)................................................3,315.6
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................40,631
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................3.96
Germany
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
184
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Germany
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Germany
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
185
Ghana
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................24.3
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................31.1
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,312
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.08
Ghana
3,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
186
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Ghana
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Ghana
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
187
Greece
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................11.2
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................305.4
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................27,302
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.44
Greece
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
188
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Greece
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Greece
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
189
Guatemala
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................14.4
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................41.5
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,888
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.09
Guatemala
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
190
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Guatemala
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Guatemala
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
191
Guyana
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.8
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................2.2
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,868
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Guyana
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
192
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Guyana
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Guyana
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
193
Haiti
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.2
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................6.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................673
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Haiti
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
194
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Haiti
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Haiti
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
195
Honduras
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................7.6
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................15.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,016
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.05
Honduras
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
196
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Honduras
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Honduras
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
197
Population (millions)...................................................7.1
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................225.0
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................31,591
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.44
50,000
Advanced economies
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
198
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
199
Hungary
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.0
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................129.0
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................12,879
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.25
Hungary
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
200
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Hungary
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Hungary
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
201
Iceland
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.3
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................12.6
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................39,026
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Iceland
50,000
Advanced economies
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
202
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Iceland
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Iceland
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
203
India
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)............................................1,214.5
GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,538.0
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,265
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................5.40
India
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
204
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
India
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
India
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
205
Indonesia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................232.5
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................706.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,015
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.39
Indonesia
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
206
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Indonesia
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Indonesia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
207
Population (millions).................................................75.1
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................357.2
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,741
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.12
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
208
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
209
Ireland
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.6
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................204.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................45,689
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.23
Ireland
50,000
Advanced economies
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
210
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Ireland
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Ireland
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
211
Israel
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................7.3
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................213.1
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................28,686
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.30
Israel
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
212
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Israel
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Israel
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
213
Italy
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................60.1
GDP (US$ billions)................................................2,055.1
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................34,059
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................2.39
Italy
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
214
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Italy
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Italy
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
215
Jamaica
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.7
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................13.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................5,039
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Jamaica
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
216
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Jamaica
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Jamaica
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
217
Japan
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................127.0
GDP (US$ billions)................................................5,458.9
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................42,820
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................5.82
Japan
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
218
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Japan
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Japan
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
219
Jordan
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................6.5
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................27.5
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,500
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.05
Jordan
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
220
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Jordan
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Jordan
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
221
Kazakhstan
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................15.8
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................138.4
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................8,883
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.26
Kazakhstan
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
222
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Kazakhstan
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Kazakhstan
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
223
Kenya
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................40.9
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................32.2
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................809
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.09
Kenya
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
224
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Kenya
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Kenya
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
225
Korea, Rep.
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................48.5
GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,007.1
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................20,591
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.97
Korea, Rep.
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
226
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Korea, Rep.
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Korea, Rep.
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
227
Kuwait
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.1
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................131.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................36,412
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.19
Kuwait
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
228
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Kuwait
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Kuwait
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
229
Kyrgyz Republic
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................5.6
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................4.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................864
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Kyrgyz Republic
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
230
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Kyrgyz Republic
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Kyrgyz Republic
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
231
Latvia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.2
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................24.0
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................10,695
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.04
Latvia
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
232
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Latvia
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Latvia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
233
Lebanon
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.3
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................39.2
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................10,044
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.08
Lebanon
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
234
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Lebanon
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Lebanon
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
235
Lesotho
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.1
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................2.1
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................837
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.00
Lesotho
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
236
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Lesotho
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Lesotho
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
237
Lithuania
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.3
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................36.4
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................11,044
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.08
Lithuania
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
238
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Lithuania
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Lithuania
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
239
Luxembourg
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.5
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................55.0
GDP per capita (US$) .........................................108,832
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.05
Luxembourg
100,000
Advanced economies
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
240
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Luxembourg
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Luxembourg
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
241
Macedonia, FYR
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.0
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................9.1
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,431
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Macedonia, FYR
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
242
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Macedonia, FYR
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Macedonia, FYR
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
243
Madagascar
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................20.1
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................8.3
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................392
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Madagascar
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
244
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Madagascar
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Madagascar
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
245
Malawi
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................15.7
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................5.1
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................322
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Malawi
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
246
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Malawi
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Malawi
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
247
Malaysia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................27.9
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................238.0
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................8,423
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.56
Malaysia
15,000
Developing Asia
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
248
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Malaysia
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Malaysia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
249
Mali
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................13.3
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................9.3
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................692
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Mali
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
250
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Mali
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Mali
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
251
Malta
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.4
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................8.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................19,746
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Malta
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
252
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Malta
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Malta
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
253
Mauritania
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.4
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................3.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,195
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Mauritania
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
254
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Mauritania
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Mauritania
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
255
Mauritius
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................1.3
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................9.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................7,593
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Mauritius
15,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
256
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Mauritius
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Mauritius
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
257
Mexico
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................110.6
GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,039.1
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................9,566
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................2.09
Mexico
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
258
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Mexico
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Mexico
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
259
Moldova
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.6
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................5.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,630
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Moldova
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
260
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Moldova
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Moldova
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
261
Mongolia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.7
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................6.1
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,227
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Mongolia
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
262
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Mongolia
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Mongolia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
263
Montenegro
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.6
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................4.0
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................6,589
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Montenegro
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
264
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Montenegro
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Montenegro
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
265
Morocco
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................32.4
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................103.5
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,249
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.21
Morocco
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
266
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Morocco
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Morocco
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
267
Mozambique
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................23.4
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................9.9
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................458
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Mozambique
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
268
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Mozambique
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Mozambique
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
269
Namibia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.2
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................11.9
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................5,652
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Namibia
8,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
270
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Namibia
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Namibia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
271
Nepal
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................29.9
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................15.8
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................562
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.05
Nepal
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
272
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Nepal
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Nepal
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
273
Netherlands
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................16.7
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................783.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................47,172
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.91
Netherlands
50,000
Advanced economies
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
274
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Netherlands
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Netherlands
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
275
New Zealand
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.3
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................140.4
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................32,145
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.16
New Zealand
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
276
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
New Zealand
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
New Zealand
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
277
Nicaragua
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................5.8
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................6.6
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,127
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Nicaragua
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
278
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Nicaragua
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Nicaragua
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
279
Nigeria
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................158.3
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................216.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,389
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.51
Nigeria
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
280
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Nigeria
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Nigeria
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
281
Norway
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.9
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................414.5
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................84,444
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.35
Norway
60,000
Advanced economies
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
282
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Norway
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Norway
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
283
Oman
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.9
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................55.6
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................18,657
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.11
Oman
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
284
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Oman
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Oman
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
285
Pakistan
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................184.8
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................174.9
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,050
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.63
Pakistan
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
286
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Pakistan
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Pakistan
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
287
Panama
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.5
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................26.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................7,593
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.06
Panama
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
288
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Panama
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Panama
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
289
Paraguay
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................6.5
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................18.5
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,886
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.04
Paraguay
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
290
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Paraguay
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Paraguay
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
291
Peru
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................29.5
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................152.8
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................5,172
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.37
Peru
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
292
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Peru
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Peru
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
293
Philippines
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................93.6
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................188.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,007
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.47
Philippines
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
294
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Philippines
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Philippines
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
295
Poland
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................38.0
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................468.5
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................12,300
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.97
Poland
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
296
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Poland
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Poland
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
297
Portugal
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.7
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................229.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................21,559
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.33
Portugal
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
298
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Portugal
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Portugal
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
299
Puerto Rico
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................96.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................24,229
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total...................n/a
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
300
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Puerto Rico
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Puerto Rico
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
301
Qatar
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................1.5
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................129.5
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................76,168
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.20
Qatar
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
302
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Qatar
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Qatar
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
303
Romania
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................21.2
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................161.6
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................7,542
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.34
Romania
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
304
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Romania
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Romania
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
305
Russian Federation
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................140.4
GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,465.1
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................10,437
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................3.00
Russian Federation
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
306
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Russian Federation
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Russian Federation
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
307
Rwanda
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.3
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................5.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................562
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Rwanda
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
308
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Rwanda
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Rwanda
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
309
Saudi Arabia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................26.2
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................443.7
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................16,996
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.84
Saudi Arabia
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
310
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Saudi Arabia
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Saudi Arabia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
311
Senegal
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................12.9
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................12.9
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................981
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Senegal
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
312
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Senegal
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Senegal
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
313
Serbia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................9.9
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................38.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................5,233
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.11
Serbia
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
314
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Serbia
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Serbia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
315
Singapore
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................4.8
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................222.7
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................43,117
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.39
Singapore
60,000
Advanced economies
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
316
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Singapore
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Singapore
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
317
Slovak Republic
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................5.4
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................87.5
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................16,104
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.16
Slovak Republic
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
318
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Slovak Republic
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Slovak Republic
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
319
Slovenia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................2.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................47.8
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................23,706
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.08
Slovenia
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
320
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Slovenia
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Slovenia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
321
South Africa
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................50.5
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................357.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................7,158
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.71
South Africa
12,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
322
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
South Africa
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
South Africa
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
323
Spain
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................45.3
GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,409.9
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................30,639
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.84
Spain
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
324
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
77
Innovation
55
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
66
Macroeconomic
environment
44
33
22
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Spain
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Spain
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
325
Sri Lanka
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................20.4
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................49.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,435
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.14
Sri Lanka
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
326
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Sri Lanka
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Sri Lanka
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
327
Suriname
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................0.5
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................3.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................6,975
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Suriname
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
328
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Suriname
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Suriname
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
329
Swaziland
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................1.2
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................3.6
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,061
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Swaziland
6,000
Sub-Saharan Africa
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
330
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Swaziland
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Swaziland
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
331
Sweden
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................9.3
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................455.8
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................48,875
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.48
Sweden
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
332
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Sweden
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Sweden
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
333
Switzerland
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................7.6
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................523.8
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................67,246
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.44
Switzerland
50,000
Advanced economies
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
334
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Switzerland
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Switzerland
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
335
Syria
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................22.5
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................59.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................2,877
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.14
Syria
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
336
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Syria
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Syria
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
337
Taiwan, China
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................23.2
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................430.6
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................18,458
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.09
Taiwan, China
40,000
Advanced economies
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
338
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Taiwan, China
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Taiwan, China
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
339
Tajikistan
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................7.1
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................5.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................741
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.02
Tajikistan
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
340
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Tajikistan
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Tajikistan
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
341
Tanzania
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................45.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................22.7
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................548
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.08
Tanzania
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
342
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Tanzania
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Tanzania
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
343
Thailand
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................68.1
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................318.9
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,992
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.79
Thailand
10,000
Developing Asia
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
344
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Thailand
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Thailand
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
345
Timor-Leste
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................1.2
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................0.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................588
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.00
Timor-Leste
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
346
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Timor-Leste
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Timor-Leste
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
347
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
348
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
349
Tunisia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................10.4
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................44.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................4,200
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.14
Tunisia
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
350
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Tunisia
Efficiency-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Tunisia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
351
Turkey
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................75.7
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................741.9
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................10,399
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................1.29
Turkey
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
352
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Turkey
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Turkey
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
353
Uganda
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................33.8
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................17.0
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................501
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.06
Uganda
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
354
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Uganda
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Uganda
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
355
Ukraine
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................45.4
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................136.4
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................3,000
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.41
Ukraine
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
356
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Ukraine
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Ukraine
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
357
Population (millions)...................................................4.7
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................301.9
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................59,717
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.33
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Transition
23
Factor
driven
358
Transition
12
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
359
United Kingdom
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................61.9
GDP (US$ billions)................................................2,247.5
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................36,120
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................2.94
United Kingdom
40,000
Advanced economies
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
360
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
United Kingdom
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
United Kingdom
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
361
United States
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...............................................317.6
GDP (US$ billions)..............................................14,657.8
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................47,284
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total................19.74
United States
50,000
Advanced economies
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
362
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
United States
Innovation-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
United States
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
363
Uruguay
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions)...................................................3.4
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................40.3
GDP per capita (US$) ...........................................11,998
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.07
Uruguay
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
364
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Uruguay
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Uruguay
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
365
Venezuela
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................29.0
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................290.7
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................9,960
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.47
Venezuela
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
366
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Venezuela
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Venezuela
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
367
Vietnam
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................89.0
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................103.6
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,174
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.37
Vietnam
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
368
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Vietnam
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Vietnam
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
369
Yemen
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................24.3
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................31.3
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,282
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.09
Yemen
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
370
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Yemen
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Yemen
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
371
Zambia
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................13.3
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................16.2
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,221
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.03
Zambia
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
372
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Zambia
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Zambia
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
373
Zimbabwe
Key indicators, 2010
Population (millions).................................................12.6
GDP (US$ billions).......................................................7.5
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................594
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.01
Zimbabwe
2,500
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Stage of development
Score
(17)
Factor
driven
374
Transition
12
Transition
23
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
Business
sophistication
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Zimbabwe
Factor-driven economies
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
30
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Zimbabwe
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.
375
2.2
Data Tables
Judicial independence
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
Section I: Institutions
1.06
To what extent is the judiciary in your country independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms? [1 = heavily influenced;
7 = entirely independent] | 201011 weighted average
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
Basic indicators
Institutions
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic environment
Health and primary education
Higher education and training
Goods market efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Financial market development
Technological readiness
Market size
Business sophistication
Innovation
379
RANK
1
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
24
26
27
28
29
29
29
32
32
34
35
35
37
38
38
40
41
41
43
43
43
43
47
47
49
49
51
51
53
54
55
56
56
56
59
60
60
62
63
64
65
66
66
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Barbados .......................................0.9
Puerto Rico ...................................1.8
Iceland...........................................3.1
United Arab Emirates....................4.1
United States ................................4.1
Greece ..........................................4.5
Canada ..........................................4.8
Germany .......................................4.9
Switzerland ...................................4.9
Israel .............................................5.4
Cyprus ...........................................5.5
Jordan ...........................................5.6
Norway..........................................5.9
France ...........................................6.1
Sweden .........................................6.2
Australia ........................................6.4
Italy ...............................................6.4
Jamaica .........................................6.6
Denmark .......................................6.8
Netherlands...................................7.5
New Zealand .................................7.8
Ireland ...........................................8.5
Belgium .........................................8.6
Czech Republic .............................8.8
Finland...........................................8.8
Slovak Republic .............................9.1
Luxembourg ..................................9.2
Costa Rica ...................................10.0
Austria .........................................11.0
Chile ............................................11.0
Malta ...........................................11.0
Slovenia.......................................12.0
United Kingdom ..........................12.0
Oman ..........................................13.0
Albania ........................................15.0
Lebanon ......................................15.0
Hungary.......................................16.0
Mexico ........................................17.0
Spain ...........................................17.0
Saudi Arabia ................................18.0
Egypt ...........................................19.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................19.0
Japan...........................................21.0
Montenegro ................................21.0
Serbia ..........................................21.0
Syria ............................................21.0
Mauritius .....................................22.0
Uruguay.......................................22.0
Macedonia, FYR ..........................23.0
Trinidad and Tobago....................23.0
Poland .........................................24.0
Tunisia .........................................24.0
Croatia .........................................25.0
Argentina.....................................28.0
Turkey .........................................29.0
El Salvador ..................................30.0
Estonia ........................................30.0
Portugal .......................................30.0
Venezuela....................................33.0
Colombia .....................................35.0
Kuwait .........................................35.0
Singapore ....................................36.0
Belize ..........................................40.0
Bulgaria .......................................41.0
Nicaragua ....................................44.0
Brazil ...........................................45.0
Latvia...........................................45.0
Bahrain ........................................46.0
Paraguay .....................................47.0
Panama .......................................48.0
Qatar ...........................................49.0
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
102
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
T
Tuberculosis
incidence
4.04
Other indicators
Indicators not derived from the Executive Opinion
Survey are presented in black-shaded bar graphs. For
each indicator, a short description appears at the top of
the page. The base period (i.e., the period when a
majority of the data was collected) follows the description. When the year differs from the base year for a particular economy, this is indicated in a footnote. A more
detailed description and the full source for each indicator can be found in the Technical Notes and Sources
section at the end of the Report. When data are not
available or are too outdated, n/a is used in lieu of the
rank and the value.
Due to the nature of data, ties between two or
more countries are possible. In such cases, shared rankings are indicated accordingly. For example, Burundi,
Cape Verde, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Venezuela
obtain the same value (2.0 out of 10) on indicator 8.08,
Legal rights index. As a result, in Table 8.08 the five countries are all ranked 132nd and listed alphabetically.
SOURCE: The World Bank, World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance Catalog (April 2011 edition); national sources
380
(Contd.)
381
382
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
Data Tables
Basic indicators
384
0.01
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Slovenia.......................................47.8
Bulgaria .......................................47.7
Tunisia.........................................44.3
Guatemala...................................41.5
Uruguay.......................................40.3
Lebanon ......................................39.2
Serbia ..........................................38.7
Lithuania......................................36.4
Costa Rica...................................35.8
Kenya ..........................................32.2
Yemen.........................................31.3
Ghana..........................................31.1
Ethiopia .......................................29.7
Jordan .........................................27.5
Panama .......................................26.8
Latvia...........................................24.0
Cyprus.........................................23.2
Cte dIvoire ...............................22.8
Tanzania ......................................22.7
Bahrain ........................................22.7
Cameroon ...................................22.5
El Salvador ..................................21.7
Trinidad and Tobago....................20.6
Estonia ........................................19.8
Bolivia..........................................19.4
Paraguay .....................................18.5
Uganda........................................17.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............16.8
Zambia ........................................16.2
Nepal...........................................15.8
Honduras.....................................15.3
Botswana ....................................14.0
Jamaica .......................................13.7
Brunei Darussalam......................13.0
Senegal .......................................12.9
Iceland.........................................12.6
Namibia .......................................11.9
Albania ........................................11.8
Georgia........................................11.7
Cambodia ....................................11.6
Mozambique .................................9.9
Mauritius .......................................9.7
Armenia.........................................9.4
Mali ...............................................9.3
Macedonia, FYR............................9.1
Burkina Faso .................................8.8
Madagascar...................................8.3
Malta .............................................8.3
Chad..............................................7.8
Zimbabwe .....................................7.5
Benin.............................................6.6
Haiti...............................................6.6
Nicaragua ......................................6.6
Mongolia .......................................6.1
Moldova ........................................5.8
Tajikistan .......................................5.6
Rwanda .........................................5.6
Malawi ..........................................5.1
Kyrgyz Republic ............................4.6
Montenegro ..................................4.0
Barbados .......................................4.0
Mauritania .....................................3.8
Suriname.......................................3.7
Swaziland ......................................3.6
Guyana ..........................................2.2
Lesotho .........................................2.1
Cape Verde ...................................1.7
Burundi..........................................1.5
Belize ............................................1.4
Gambia, The..................................1.1
Timor-Leste...................................0.6
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition); national sources
Population
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
41
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
61
63
64
65
66
67
67
69
69
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
China ......................................1,354.1
India .......................................1,214.5
United States ............................317.6
Indonesia...................................232.5
Brazil .........................................195.4
Pakistan.....................................184.8
Bangladesh ...............................164.4
Nigeria.......................................158.3
Russian Federation ...................140.4
Japan.........................................127.0
Mexico ......................................110.6
Philippines...................................93.6
Vietnam.......................................89.0
Ethiopia .......................................85.0
Egypt...........................................84.5
Germany .....................................82.1
Turkey .........................................75.7
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................75.1
Thailand.......................................68.1
France .........................................62.6
United Kingdom ..........................61.9
Italy .............................................60.1
South Africa ................................50.5
Korea, Rep. .................................48.5
Colombia .....................................46.3
Ukraine........................................45.4
Spain ...........................................45.3
Tanzania ......................................45.0
Kenya ..........................................40.9
Argentina.....................................40.7
Poland .........................................38.0
Algeria .........................................35.4
Canada ........................................33.9
Uganda........................................33.8
Morocco......................................32.4
Nepal...........................................29.9
Peru.............................................29.5
Venezuela....................................29.0
Malaysia ......................................27.9
Saudi Arabia ................................26.2
Ghana..........................................24.3
Yemen.........................................24.3
Mozambique ...............................23.4
Taiwan, China .............................23.2
Syria ............................................22.5
Cte dIvoire ...............................21.6
Australia ......................................21.5
Romania ......................................21.2
Sri Lanka .....................................20.4
Madagascar.................................20.1
Cameroon ...................................20.0
Angola .........................................19.0
Chile ............................................17.1
Netherlands.................................16.7
Burkina Faso ...............................16.3
Kazakhstan ..................................15.8
Malawi ........................................15.7
Cambodia ....................................15.1
Guatemala...................................14.4
Ecuador .......................................13.8
Mali .............................................13.3
Zambia ........................................13.3
Senegal .......................................12.9
Zimbabwe ...................................12.6
Chad............................................11.5
Greece ........................................11.2
Belgium.......................................10.7
Portugal.......................................10.7
Czech Republic ...........................10.4
Tunisia.........................................10.4
Rwanda .......................................10.3
72
72
74
74
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
82
84
85
86
86
88
88
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
100
102
103
103
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
114
116
117
117
119
119
121
122
122
122
125
126
127
127
127
130
130
132
133
133
135
136
136
136
139
139
141
141
141
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
SOURCE: United Nations Population Fund, State of World Population 2010; national sources
0.02
385
386
0.03
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Luxembourg..........................108,832
Norway....................................84,444
Qatar .......................................76,168
Switzerland .............................67,246
United Arab Emirates..............59,717
Denmark .................................56,147
Australia ..................................55,590
Sweden...................................48,875
United States ..........................47,284
Netherlands.............................47,172
Canada ....................................46,215
Ireland .....................................45,689
Austria.....................................44,987
Finland.....................................44,489
Singapore ................................43,117
Japan.......................................42,820
Belgium...................................42,630
France .....................................41,019
Germany .................................40,631
Iceland.....................................39,026
Kuwait .....................................36,412
United Kingdom ......................36,120
Italy .........................................34,059
New Zealand...........................32,145
Hong Kong SAR ......................31,591
Brunei Darussalam..................31,239
Spain .......................................30,639
Israel .......................................28,686
Cyprus.....................................28,237
Greece ....................................27,302
Puerto Rico .............................24,229
Slovenia...................................23,706
Portugal...................................21,559
Korea, Rep. .............................20,591
Bahrain ....................................20,475
Malta .......................................19,746
Oman ......................................18,657
Taiwan, China .........................18,458
Czech Republic .......................18,288
Saudi Arabia ............................16,996
Slovak Republic.......................16,104
Trinidad and Tobago................15,626
Estonia ....................................14,836
Barbados .................................14,326
Croatia.....................................13,720
Hungary...................................12,879
Poland .....................................12,300
Uruguay...................................11,998
Chile ........................................11,828
Lithuania..................................11,044
Brazil .......................................10,816
Latvia.......................................10,695
Russian Federation .................10,437
Turkey .....................................10,399
Lebanon ..................................10,044
Venezuela..................................9,960
Mexico ......................................9,566
Argentina...................................9,138
Kazakhstan ................................8,883
Malaysia ....................................8,423
Costa Rica.................................7,843
Botswana ..................................7,627
Mauritius ...................................7,593
Panama .....................................7,593
Romania ....................................7,542
South Africa ..............................7,158
Suriname...................................6,975
Montenegro ..............................6,589
Bulgaria .....................................6,334
Colombia ...................................6,273
Azerbaijan..................................6,008
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Namibia .....................................5,652
Serbia ........................................5,233
Dominican Republic ..................5,228
Peru...........................................5,172
Jamaica .....................................5,039
Thailand.....................................4,992
Iran, Islamic Rep. ......................4,741
Jordan .......................................4,500
Angola .......................................4,478
Algeria .......................................4,435
Macedonia, FYR........................4,431
China .........................................4,382
Bosnia and Herzegovina ...........4,319
Tunisia.......................................4,200
Belize ........................................4,159
Ecuador .....................................3,984
El Salvador ................................3,701
Albania ......................................3,677
Morocco....................................3,249
Cape Verde ...............................3,157
Swaziland ..................................3,061
Indonesia...................................3,015
Ukraine......................................3,000
Guatemala.................................2,888
Paraguay ...................................2,886
Syria ..........................................2,877
Guyana ......................................2,868
Armenia.....................................2,846
Egypt.........................................2,789
Georgia......................................2,658
Sri Lanka ...................................2,435
Mongolia ...................................2,227
Honduras...................................2,016
Philippines.................................2,007
Bolivia........................................1,858
Moldova ....................................1,630
Nigeria.......................................1,389
Ghana........................................1,312
Yemen.......................................1,282
India ..........................................1,265
Zambia ......................................1,221
Mauritania .................................1,195
Vietnam.....................................1,174
Nicaragua ..................................1,127
Cameroon .................................1,101
Pakistan.....................................1,050
Cte dIvoire .............................1,036
Senegal ........................................981
Kyrgyz Republic ...........................864
Lesotho ........................................837
Cambodia .....................................814
Kenya ...........................................809
Chad.............................................768
Tajikistan ......................................741
Mali ..............................................692
Benin............................................689
Haiti..............................................673
Bangladesh ..................................638
Gambia, The.................................617
Burkina Faso ................................598
Zimbabwe ....................................594
Timor-Leste..................................588
Rwanda ........................................562
Nepal............................................562
Tanzania .......................................548
Uganda.........................................501
Mozambique ................................458
Madagascar..................................392
Ethiopia ........................................350
Malawi .........................................322
Burundi.........................................180
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition); national sources
Gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity as a percentage of world GDP | 2010
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
44
46
47
48
49
49
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
67
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
72
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
80
82
83
83
85
86
86
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
97
99
100
101
102
102
102
105
106
107
108
108
108
111
111
113
113
113
113
113
118
118
120
121
122
122
122
125
126
126
126
129
129
131
131
133
133
135
136
136
138
138
138
141
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Croatia..................................... 0.11
Oman ...................................... 0.11
Guatemala............................... 0.09
Kenya ...................................... 0.09
Yemen..................................... 0.09
Ghana...................................... 0.08
Lebanon .................................. 0.08
Tanzania .................................. 0.08
Lithuania.................................. 0.08
Slovenia................................... 0.08
Costa Rica............................... 0.07
Bolivia...................................... 0.07
Uruguay................................... 0.07
Cameroon ............................... 0.06
El Salvador .............................. 0.06
Panama ................................... 0.06
Uganda.................................... 0.06
Luxembourg............................ 0.05
Cte dIvoire ........................... 0.05
Nepal....................................... 0.05
Jordan ..................................... 0.05
Honduras................................. 0.05
Latvia....................................... 0.04
Paraguay ................................. 0.04
Bosnia and Herzegovina ......... 0.04
Bahrain .................................... 0.04
Cambodia ................................ 0.04
Botswana ................................ 0.04
Trinidad and Tobago................ 0.04
Estonia .................................... 0.03
Albania .................................... 0.03
Jamaica ................................... 0.03
Senegal ................................... 0.03
Cyprus..................................... 0.03
Georgia.................................... 0.03
Mozambique ........................... 0.03
Brunei Darussalam.................. 0.03
Burkina Faso ........................... 0.03
Zambia .................................... 0.03
Macedonia, FYR...................... 0.03
Madagascar............................. 0.03
Armenia................................... 0.02
Chad........................................ 0.02
Mali ......................................... 0.02
Mauritius ................................. 0.02
Nicaragua ................................ 0.02
Namibia ................................... 0.02
Tajikistan ................................. 0.02
Benin....................................... 0.02
Malawi .................................... 0.02
Iceland..................................... 0.02
Kyrgyz Republic ...................... 0.02
Rwanda ................................... 0.02
Haiti......................................... 0.02
Malta ....................................... 0.01
Moldova .................................. 0.01
Mongolia ................................. 0.01
Mauritania ............................... 0.01
Montenegro ............................ 0.01
Barbados ................................. 0.01
Swaziland ................................ 0.01
Guyana .................................... 0.01
Zimbabwe ............................... 0.01
Suriname................................. 0.01
Burundi.................................... 0.01
Gambia, The............................ 0.01
Belize ...................................... 0.00
Lesotho ................................... 0.00
Timor-Leste............................. 0.00
Cape Verde ............................. 0.00
Puerto Rico ............................... n/a
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition); national sources
0.04
387
Data Tables
Section I
Institutions
390
1.01
Property rights
How would you rate the protection of property rights, including financial assets, in your country? [1 = very weak; 7 = very strong] | 201011 weighted
average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
Finland....................................... 6.4
Switzerland ............................... 6.4
Singapore .................................. 6.4
Luxembourg.............................. 6.3
Sweden..................................... 6.2
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 6.1
Denmark ................................... 6.0
United Kingdom ........................ 6.0
Canada ...................................... 6.0
Ireland ....................................... 6.0
France ....................................... 5.9
Austria....................................... 5.9
Norway...................................... 5.9
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.8
New Zealand............................. 5.8
Netherlands............................... 5.8
Barbados ................................... 5.8
Germany ................................... 5.7
Bahrain ...................................... 5.7
Japan......................................... 5.7
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.6
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.6
Australia .................................... 5.6
Oman ........................................ 5.5
Cyprus....................................... 5.4
Namibia ..................................... 5.4
Belgium..................................... 5.4
Malaysia .................................... 5.3
Estonia ...................................... 5.3
South Africa .............................. 5.3
Israel ......................................... 5.3
Malta ......................................... 5.3
Mauritius ................................... 5.2
Jordan ....................................... 5.2
Iceland....................................... 5.2
Botswana .................................. 5.1
Rwanda ..................................... 5.1
Gambia, The.............................. 5.1
United States ............................ 5.1
Uruguay..................................... 5.1
China ......................................... 5.0
Chile .......................................... 5.0
Kuwait ....................................... 5.0
Spain ......................................... 4.9
Tunisia....................................... 4.9
United Arab Emirates................ 4.8
Qatar ......................................... 4.8
Portugal..................................... 4.8
Panama ..................................... 4.8
Montenegro .............................. 4.7
Syria .......................................... 4.7
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.6
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.6
Poland ....................................... 4.5
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.5
Greece ...................................... 4.5
Lebanon .................................... 4.5
Ethiopia ..................................... 4.4
Brazil ......................................... 4.4
Slovenia..................................... 4.4
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.4
Morocco.................................... 4.4
Swaziland .................................. 4.4
Lithuania.................................... 4.3
Benin......................................... 4.3
Hungary..................................... 4.3
Jamaica ..................................... 4.3
Costa Rica................................. 4.3
India .......................................... 4.3
Burkina Faso ............................. 4.3
Italy ........................................... 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
How would you rate intellectual property protection, including anti-counterfeiting measures, in your country? [1 = very weak; 7 = very strong] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.7
Finland....................................... 6.2
Singapore .................................. 6.1
Switzerland ............................... 6.1
Sweden..................................... 6.0
Luxembourg.............................. 5.9
Denmark ................................... 5.9
France ....................................... 5.8
New Zealand............................. 5.8
Netherlands............................... 5.8
Ireland ....................................... 5.7
United Kingdom ........................ 5.7
Norway...................................... 5.6
Germany ................................... 5.6
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.5
Qatar ......................................... 5.5
Austria....................................... 5.5
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.5
Canada ...................................... 5.4
Australia .................................... 5.3
Bahrain ...................................... 5.3
Oman ........................................ 5.3
Japan......................................... 5.3
Iceland....................................... 5.2
Barbados ................................... 5.1
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.1
Belgium..................................... 5.1
United Arab Emirates................ 5.0
United States ............................ 5.0
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.0
South Africa .............................. 5.0
Malaysia .................................... 4.9
Estonia ...................................... 4.8
Gambia, The.............................. 4.7
Rwanda ..................................... 4.6
Israel ......................................... 4.6
Malta ......................................... 4.6
Namibia ..................................... 4.6
Cyprus....................................... 4.4
Panama ..................................... 4.2
Jordan ....................................... 4.2
Slovenia..................................... 4.2
Portugal..................................... 4.2
Spain ......................................... 4.1
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.1
Hungary..................................... 4.1
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.1
China ......................................... 4.0
Uruguay..................................... 4.0
Botswana .................................. 4.0
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.9
Kuwait ....................................... 3.9
Greece ...................................... 3.8
Malawi ...................................... 3.8
Slovak Republic......................... 3.8
Mauritius ................................... 3.8
Tunisia....................................... 3.8
Montenegro .............................. 3.7
Czech Republic ......................... 3.7
Italy ........................................... 3.7
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.7
Poland ....................................... 3.7
Indonesia................................... 3.6
Chile .......................................... 3.6
Zambia ...................................... 3.6
Latvia......................................... 3.6
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.6
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.5
India .......................................... 3.5
Croatia....................................... 3.5
Costa Rica................................. 3.5
Morocco.................................... 3.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.7
1.02
391
392
1.03
In your country, how common is diversion of public funds to companies, individuals, or groups due to corruption? [1 = very common; 7 = never occurs] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
How would you rate the level of public trust in the ethical standards of politicians in your country? [1 = very low; 7 = very high] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.0
1.04
393
394
1.05
Average score across the five components of the following Executive Opinion Survey question: In your country, how common is it for firms to make undocumented extra payments or bribes connected with (a) imports and exports; (b) public utilities; (c) annual tax payments; (d) awarding of public contracts and
licenses; (e) obtaining favorable judicial decisions. In each case, the answer ranges from 1 (very common) to 7 (never occurs). | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Morocco.................................... 3.9
Czech Republic ......................... 3.9
Croatia....................................... 3.8
El Salvador ................................ 3.8
Egypt......................................... 3.8
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.8
Mozambique ............................. 3.8
Thailand..................................... 3.8
Slovak Republic......................... 3.7
Panama ..................................... 3.7
Guatemala................................. 3.7
Suriname................................... 3.7
Malawi ...................................... 3.7
Zambia ...................................... 3.6
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.6
Tajikistan ................................... 3.6
Honduras................................... 3.6
Colombia ................................... 3.6
Serbia ........................................ 3.6
Mexico ...................................... 3.6
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.6
Senegal ..................................... 3.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.6
India .......................................... 3.5
Ghana........................................ 3.5
Armenia..................................... 3.5
Greece ...................................... 3.5
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.4
Ecuador ..................................... 3.4
Lesotho ..................................... 3.4
Moldova .................................... 3.3
Indonesia................................... 3.3
Vietnam..................................... 3.2
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.2
Tanzania .................................... 3.2
Dominican Republic .................. 3.2
Guyana ...................................... 3.2
Nicaragua .................................. 3.2
Timor-Leste............................... 3.2
Syria .......................................... 3.2
Pakistan..................................... 3.1
Argentina................................... 3.1
Mongolia ................................... 3.1
Russian Federation ................... 3.1
Algeria ....................................... 3.1
Cambodia .................................. 3.0
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.0
Philippines................................. 3.0
Cameroon ................................. 3.0
Paraguay ................................... 3.0
Uganda...................................... 3.0
Nigeria....................................... 2.9
Benin......................................... 2.9
Madagascar............................... 2.9
Angola ....................................... 2.9
Belize ........................................ 2.9
Nepal......................................... 2.9
Kenya ........................................ 2.9
Lebanon .................................... 2.8
Venezuela.................................. 2.8
Bolivia........................................ 2.7
Mauritania ................................. 2.7
Ukraine...................................... 2.6
Haiti........................................... 2.6
Burundi...................................... 2.6
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.5
Bangladesh ............................... 2.5
Mali ........................................... 2.5
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.5
Yemen....................................... 2.4
Chad.......................................... 2.2
MEAN: 4.2
Judicial independence
To what extent is the judiciary in your country independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms? [1 = heavily influenced;
7 = entirely independent] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
1.06
395
396
1.07
To what extent do government officials in your country show favoritism to well-connected firms and individuals when deciding upon policies and
contracts? [1 = always show favoritism; 7 = never show favoritism] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.2
Sweden..................................... 5.8
New Zealand............................. 5.6
Singapore .................................. 5.4
Denmark ................................... 5.4
Qatar ......................................... 5.2
Rwanda ..................................... 5.1
Netherlands............................... 5.1
Norway...................................... 5.0
Finland....................................... 5.0
Japan......................................... 4.9
Switzerland ............................... 4.9
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.8
Bahrain ...................................... 4.6
Chile .......................................... 4.6
United Arab Emirates................ 4.6
Gambia, The.............................. 4.6
Luxembourg.............................. 4.5
Oman ........................................ 4.5
Germany ................................... 4.3
United Kingdom ........................ 4.3
Australia .................................... 4.2
Canada ...................................... 4.2
Botswana .................................. 4.2
Malaysia .................................... 4.1
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.1
Uruguay..................................... 4.1
Belgium..................................... 4.1
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.1
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.1
Ireland ....................................... 4.0
Iceland....................................... 4.0
Montenegro .............................. 4.0
Estonia ...................................... 4.0
Barbados ................................... 3.9
Tunisia....................................... 3.9
Indonesia................................... 3.9
Austria....................................... 3.9
China ......................................... 3.8
France ....................................... 3.7
Israel ......................................... 3.6
Cape Verde ............................... 3.6
Cyprus....................................... 3.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.5
Sri Lanka ................................... 3.5
Tajikistan ................................... 3.5
Morocco.................................... 3.5
Costa Rica................................. 3.4
Cambodia .................................. 3.4
Tanzania .................................... 3.4
United States ............................ 3.3
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.3
Poland ....................................... 3.3
Jordan ....................................... 3.3
Georgia...................................... 3.2
Spain ......................................... 3.2
Malta ......................................... 3.2
Kuwait ....................................... 3.2
Lithuania.................................... 3.2
Mauritius ................................... 3.2
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.1
Nepal......................................... 3.1
Namibia ..................................... 3.1
Malawi ...................................... 3.1
Mozambique ............................. 3.1
Brazil ......................................... 3.1
Albania ...................................... 3.0
Zambia ...................................... 3.0
Thailand..................................... 3.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.0
Latvia......................................... 2.9
Vietnam..................................... 2.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Portugal..................................... 2.9
Macedonia, FYR........................ 2.9
Peru........................................... 2.9
Ghana........................................ 2.9
Timor-Leste............................... 2.9
Bolivia........................................ 2.9
Armenia..................................... 2.9
Mexico ...................................... 2.9
Puerto Rico ............................... 2.8
Ecuador ..................................... 2.8
Cameroon ................................. 2.8
Syria .......................................... 2.8
Burkina Faso ............................. 2.8
Hungary..................................... 2.8
Turkey ....................................... 2.8
Benin......................................... 2.8
Mali ........................................... 2.7
Croatia....................................... 2.7
Senegal ..................................... 2.7
India .......................................... 2.7
Slovenia..................................... 2.7
Madagascar............................... 2.7
Korea, Rep. ............................... 2.7
Ukraine...................................... 2.6
Guyana ...................................... 2.6
Pakistan..................................... 2.6
Greece ...................................... 2.6
Colombia ................................... 2.6
Kazakhstan ................................ 2.6
Algeria ....................................... 2.6
Swaziland .................................. 2.6
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 2.6
Honduras................................... 2.6
Egypt......................................... 2.6
Nigeria....................................... 2.6
Moldova .................................... 2.5
Suriname................................... 2.5
El Salvador ................................ 2.5
Burundi...................................... 2.5
Bulgaria ..................................... 2.5
Kenya ........................................ 2.5
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.5
South Africa .............................. 2.5
Romania .................................... 2.5
Chad.......................................... 2.5
Russian Federation ................... 2.5
Philippines................................. 2.4
Italy ........................................... 2.4
Panama ..................................... 2.4
Jamaica ..................................... 2.4
Guatemala................................. 2.4
Czech Republic ......................... 2.4
Serbia ........................................ 2.3
Uganda...................................... 2.3
Paraguay ................................... 2.3
Lesotho ..................................... 2.2
Bangladesh ............................... 2.2
Mauritania ................................. 2.2
Mongolia ................................... 2.2
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.2
Haiti........................................... 2.2
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.1
Nicaragua .................................. 2.1
Slovak Republic......................... 2.1
Venezuela.................................. 2.0
Lebanon .................................... 2.0
Angola ....................................... 1.9
Argentina................................... 1.8
Belize ........................................ 1.8
Dominican Republic .................. 1.8
Yemen....................................... 1.7
MEAN: 3.2
How would you rate the composition of public spending in your country? [1 = extremely wasteful; 7 = highly efficient in providing necessary goods and
services] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.3
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.3
1.08
397
398
1.09
How burdensome is it for businesses in your country to comply with governmental administrative requirements (e.g., permits, regulations, reporting)?
[1 = extremely burdensome; 7 = not burdensome at all] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.3
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.3
How efficient is the legal framework in your country for private businesses in settling disputes? [1 = extremely inefficient; 7 = highly efficient] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
1.10
399
400
1.11
How efficient is the legal framework in your country for private businesses in challenging the legality of government actions and/or regulations?
[1 = extremely inefficient; 7 = highly efficient] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
Finland....................................... 5.7
Sweden..................................... 5.7
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.5
Switzerland ............................... 5.5
Luxembourg.............................. 5.4
New Zealand............................. 5.3
Netherlands............................... 5.3
Singapore .................................. 5.3
Denmark ................................... 5.2
Norway...................................... 5.2
Canada ...................................... 5.1
Germany ................................... 5.0
United Kingdom ........................ 4.9
Malaysia .................................... 4.9
Austria....................................... 4.8
Australia .................................... 4.8
France ....................................... 4.8
Botswana .................................. 4.7
South Africa .............................. 4.7
Cyprus....................................... 4.6
Iceland....................................... 4.6
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.6
Chile .......................................... 4.6
Barbados ................................... 4.6
Bahrain ...................................... 4.6
Oman ........................................ 4.6
Namibia ..................................... 4.6
Rwanda ..................................... 4.5
Ireland ....................................... 4.5
Tunisia....................................... 4.4
Gambia, The.............................. 4.4
Japan......................................... 4.3
Mauritius ................................... 4.3
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.3
Estonia ...................................... 4.3
Montenegro .............................. 4.3
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.3
Uruguay..................................... 4.3
United States ............................ 4.2
Qatar ......................................... 4.2
Belgium..................................... 4.2
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.2
United Arab Emirates................ 4.2
China ......................................... 4.0
Malawi ...................................... 4.0
Tajikistan ................................... 4.0
Costa Rica................................. 4.0
Cambodia .................................. 4.0
Israel ......................................... 3.9
Kuwait ....................................... 3.9
India .......................................... 3.9
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.9
Morocco.................................... 3.9
Thailand..................................... 3.9
Malta ......................................... 3.8
Uganda...................................... 3.8
Zambia ...................................... 3.8
Nigeria....................................... 3.8
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.8
Spain ......................................... 3.8
Indonesia................................... 3.8
Ghana........................................ 3.8
Lithuania.................................... 3.7
Tanzania .................................... 3.7
Albania ...................................... 3.7
Brazil ......................................... 3.7
Jordan ....................................... 3.6
Turkey ....................................... 3.6
Cape Verde ............................... 3.6
Mali ........................................... 3.6
Mauritania ................................. 3.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
How easy is it for businesses in your country to obtain information about changes in government policies and regulations affecting their activities?
[1 = impossible; 7 = extremely easy] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Croatia....................................... 4.2
Zimbabwe ................................. 4.2
Spain ......................................... 4.2
Thailand..................................... 4.2
Ghana........................................ 4.2
Portugal..................................... 4.2
Brazil ......................................... 4.1
Burkina Faso ............................. 4.1
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.1
Hungary..................................... 4.1
Guyana ...................................... 4.1
Tajikistan ................................... 4.1
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.1
Tanzania .................................... 4.1
Slovak Republic......................... 4.1
Indonesia................................... 4.1
Nigeria....................................... 4.0
Latvia......................................... 4.0
Mali ........................................... 4.0
Vietnam..................................... 4.0
Macedonia, FYR........................ 4.0
Poland ....................................... 4.0
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.0
Lebanon .................................... 4.0
Czech Republic ......................... 4.0
Bangladesh ............................... 3.9
Jamaica ..................................... 3.9
Ecuador ..................................... 3.9
Paraguay ................................... 3.9
Cameroon ................................. 3.9
Serbia ........................................ 3.9
Senegal ..................................... 3.8
Cambodia .................................. 3.8
Kenya ........................................ 3.8
Nepal......................................... 3.8
El Salvador ................................ 3.8
Egypt......................................... 3.8
Greece ...................................... 3.8
Swaziland .................................. 3.8
Mauritania ................................. 3.8
Puerto Rico ............................... 3.7
Kuwait ....................................... 3.7
Mongolia ................................... 3.7
Russian Federation ................... 3.7
Ukraine...................................... 3.7
Suriname................................... 3.6
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.6
Pakistan..................................... 3.6
Philippines................................. 3.6
Cte dIvoire ............................. 3.6
Belize ........................................ 3.6
Lesotho ..................................... 3.5
Angola ....................................... 3.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.5
Nicaragua .................................. 3.5
Bolivia........................................ 3.5
Korea, Rep. ............................... 3.4
Syria .......................................... 3.4
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.4
Burundi...................................... 3.3
Argentina................................... 3.3
Timor-Leste............................... 3.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.2
Italy ........................................... 3.2
Madagascar............................... 3.2
Algeria ....................................... 3.1
Chad.......................................... 3.1
Venezuela.................................. 3.1
Romania .................................... 2.9
Haiti........................................... 2.6
Yemen....................................... 2.2
MEAN: 4.3
1.12
401
402
1.13
To what extent does the threat of terrorism impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = to a great extent; 7 = not at all] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.4
Slovenia..................................... 6.8
Iceland....................................... 6.6
Syria .......................................... 6.6
Finland....................................... 6.6
Uruguay..................................... 6.6
Montenegro .............................. 6.5
Austria....................................... 6.5
Saudi Arabia .............................. 6.4
Mongolia ................................... 6.4
Brunei Darussalam.................... 6.4
Estonia ...................................... 6.4
Oman ........................................ 6.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 6.4
Lithuania.................................... 6.4
Hungary..................................... 6.4
Czech Republic ......................... 6.4
Armenia..................................... 6.4
Sweden..................................... 6.3
Botswana .................................. 6.3
Slovak Republic......................... 6.3
Denmark ................................... 6.3
Croatia....................................... 6.2
Brazil ......................................... 6.2
Portugal..................................... 6.2
Luxembourg.............................. 6.2
Ireland ....................................... 6.2
Namibia ..................................... 6.2
Zimbabwe ................................. 6.2
Belgium..................................... 6.2
Senegal ..................................... 6.2
Norway...................................... 6.2
Switzerland ............................... 6.2
South Africa .............................. 6.1
Taiwan, China ........................... 6.1
Suriname................................... 6.1
United Arab Emirates................ 6.1
Angola ....................................... 6.1
Malta ......................................... 6.1
Rwanda ..................................... 6.1
Chile .......................................... 6.1
Zambia ...................................... 6.1
Argentina................................... 6.0
Poland ....................................... 6.0
Albania ...................................... 6.0
Moldova .................................... 6.0
Cyprus....................................... 5.9
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.9
Azerbaijan.................................. 5.9
Latvia......................................... 5.9
New Zealand............................. 5.9
Mauritius ................................... 5.9
Netherlands............................... 5.8
Ghana........................................ 5.8
Barbados ................................... 5.8
Germany ................................... 5.8
Cte dIvoire ............................. 5.8
Swaziland .................................. 5.8
Ukraine...................................... 5.8
Kuwait ....................................... 5.7
Burkina Faso ............................. 5.7
Qatar ......................................... 5.7
Cameroon ................................. 5.7
Australia .................................... 5.7
Malaysia .................................... 5.7
Malawi ...................................... 5.7
Romania .................................... 5.7
Lesotho ..................................... 5.6
Tunisia....................................... 5.6
Georgia...................................... 5.6
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.6
Sri Lanka ................................... 5.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.4
To what extent does the incidence of crime and violence impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = to a great extent; 7 = not at all] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
1.14
403
404
1.15
Organized crime
To what extent does organized crime (mafia-oriented racketeering, extortion) impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = to a great extent;
7 = not at all] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.1
To what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order in your country? [1 = cannot be relied upon at all; 7 = can be completely relied
upon] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
Finland....................................... 6.7
Singapore .................................. 6.4
Denmark ................................... 6.3
Sweden..................................... 6.3
Switzerland ............................... 6.3
Canada ...................................... 6.3
Iceland....................................... 6.3
Qatar ......................................... 6.3
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 6.2
Chile .......................................... 6.2
New Zealand............................. 6.2
United Arab Emirates................ 6.1
Netherlands............................... 6.1
Ireland ....................................... 6.0
Barbados ................................... 6.0
Norway...................................... 6.0
Australia .................................... 5.9
Oman ........................................ 5.9
Austria....................................... 5.9
Rwanda ..................................... 5.9
Germany ................................... 5.9
Luxembourg.............................. 5.9
Japan......................................... 5.9
Spain ......................................... 5.8
Bahrain ...................................... 5.8
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.7
United Kingdom ........................ 5.7
Belgium..................................... 5.6
Jordan ....................................... 5.6
United States ............................ 5.6
Estonia ...................................... 5.5
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.4
France ....................................... 5.4
Cyprus....................................... 5.2
Brunei Darussalam.................... 5.2
Vietnam..................................... 5.2
Malta ......................................... 5.2
Italy ........................................... 5.1
Malaysia .................................... 5.0
Portugal..................................... 5.0
Kuwait ....................................... 5.0
Georgia...................................... 5.0
Montenegro .............................. 4.9
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.9
Botswana .................................. 4.9
Gambia, The.............................. 4.9
Suriname................................... 4.7
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.7
Croatia....................................... 4.7
Costa Rica................................. 4.7
Benin......................................... 4.6
Uruguay..................................... 4.6
Israel ......................................... 4.6
Namibia ..................................... 4.6
China ......................................... 4.6
Tunisia....................................... 4.6
Albania ...................................... 4.5
Ghana........................................ 4.5
Cape Verde ............................... 4.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.5
Slovenia..................................... 4.4
Panama ..................................... 4.4
Poland ....................................... 4.4
Colombia ................................... 4.3
Mauritius ................................... 4.3
Brazil ......................................... 4.3
Hungary..................................... 4.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.2
Swaziland .................................. 4.2
Malawi ...................................... 4.2
Morocco.................................... 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Latvia......................................... 4.2
Lithuania.................................... 4.2
Macedonia, FYR........................ 4.2
Ethiopia ..................................... 4.1
Tajikistan ................................... 4.1
India .......................................... 4.1
Senegal ..................................... 4.1
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.1
Zambia ...................................... 4.0
Greece ...................................... 4.0
Uganda...................................... 4.0
Egypt......................................... 3.9
Serbia ........................................ 3.9
Slovak Republic......................... 3.8
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.8
Tanzania .................................... 3.8
Indonesia................................... 3.7
Algeria ....................................... 3.7
Romania .................................... 3.7
Thailand..................................... 3.7
Cameroon ................................. 3.7
Mongolia ................................... 3.7
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.6
South Africa .............................. 3.6
Czech Republic ......................... 3.6
Syria .......................................... 3.6
Honduras................................... 3.6
Timor-Leste............................... 3.6
Mozambique ............................. 3.6
Jamaica ..................................... 3.5
Angola ....................................... 3.5
Turkey ....................................... 3.5
Nicaragua .................................. 3.5
Armenia..................................... 3.5
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.4
Mali ........................................... 3.4
Cambodia .................................. 3.4
Lebanon .................................... 3.4
Lesotho ..................................... 3.4
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.3
Philippines................................. 3.3
Guyana ...................................... 3.2
Peru........................................... 3.2
Kenya ........................................ 3.2
Pakistan..................................... 3.2
El Salvador ................................ 3.1
Ecuador ..................................... 3.1
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.1
Bangladesh ............................... 3.1
Moldova .................................... 3.0
Nigeria....................................... 3.0
Ukraine...................................... 3.0
Belize ........................................ 2.9
Nepal......................................... 2.9
Argentina................................... 2.9
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.8
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.8
Bolivia........................................ 2.7
Chad.......................................... 2.6
Mauritania ................................. 2.6
Russian Federation ................... 2.6
Mexico ...................................... 2.6
Haiti........................................... 2.6
Paraguay ................................... 2.5
Madagascar............................... 2.5
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.4
Guatemala................................. 2.3
Burundi...................................... 2.2
Venezuela.................................. 2.2
Yemen....................................... 2.1
Dominican Republic .................. 2.0
MEAN: 4.3
1.16
405
406
1.17
How would you compare the corporate ethics (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials, politicians, and other enterprises) of firms in your
country with those of other countries in the world? [1 = among the worst in the world; 7 = among the best in the world] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
In your country, how would you assess financial auditing and reporting standards regarding company financial performance? [1 = extremely weak;
7 = extremely strong] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
1.18
407
408
1.19
How would you characterize corporate governance by investors and boards of directors in your country? [1 = management has little accountability to
investors and boards; 7 = investors and boards exert strong supervision of management decisions] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
Sweden..................................... 5.9
South Africa .............................. 5.8
Australia .................................... 5.8
Canada ...................................... 5.6
Singapore .................................. 5.6
Finland....................................... 5.5
New Zealand............................. 5.5
Norway...................................... 5.5
Malaysia .................................... 5.3
Switzerland ............................... 5.3
United Kingdom ........................ 5.3
Denmark ................................... 5.3
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.3
Netherlands............................... 5.3
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.3
Luxembourg.............................. 5.2
Germany ................................... 5.2
Rwanda ..................................... 5.2
Bahrain ...................................... 5.2
Austria....................................... 5.2
Qatar ......................................... 5.1
France ....................................... 5.1
Chile .......................................... 5.1
Japan......................................... 5.1
Belgium..................................... 5.1
United States ............................ 5.1
Albania ...................................... 5.0
Oman ........................................ 5.0
Cte dIvoire ............................. 5.0
Benin......................................... 5.0
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.9
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.9
Barbados ................................... 4.9
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.9
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.9
Zimbabwe ................................. 4.9
Gambia, The.............................. 4.9
Guatemala................................. 4.9
United Arab Emirates................ 4.8
Burkina Faso ............................. 4.8
Senegal ..................................... 4.8
Lithuania.................................... 4.8
Costa Rica................................. 4.8
El Salvador ................................ 4.8
Israel ......................................... 4.8
Botswana .................................. 4.8
Zambia ...................................... 4.8
Uganda...................................... 4.8
Brazil ......................................... 4.8
Namibia ..................................... 4.8
Peru........................................... 4.8
Philippines................................. 4.8
Morocco.................................... 4.8
Malawi ...................................... 4.7
Estonia ...................................... 4.7
Guyana ...................................... 4.7
Ghana........................................ 4.7
Mauritius ................................... 4.7
Cameroon ................................. 4.7
Czech Republic ......................... 4.7
Honduras................................... 4.7
Tunisia....................................... 4.6
Iceland....................................... 4.6
Slovak Republic......................... 4.6
Belize ........................................ 4.6
Colombia ................................... 4.6
Kazakhstan ................................ 4.6
Thailand..................................... 4.5
Hungary..................................... 4.5
Moldova .................................... 4.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
In your country, to what extent are the interests of minority shareholders protected by the legal system? [1 = not protected at all; 7 = fully protected] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
Sweden..................................... 6.0
Finland....................................... 5.9
South Africa .............................. 5.8
Norway...................................... 5.7
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.6
Singapore .................................. 5.6
Bahrain ...................................... 5.6
New Zealand............................. 5.5
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.5
Canada ...................................... 5.5
Denmark ................................... 5.5
Oman ........................................ 5.3
Cyprus....................................... 5.3
Malaysia .................................... 5.3
Australia .................................... 5.3
Netherlands............................... 5.2
Israel ......................................... 5.2
United Kingdom ........................ 5.2
Mauritius ................................... 5.1
Malta ......................................... 5.1
Belgium..................................... 5.0
Japan......................................... 5.0
Namibia ..................................... 5.0
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.0
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.0
Gambia, The.............................. 4.9
Luxembourg.............................. 4.9
Switzerland ............................... 4.9
Tunisia....................................... 4.9
Chile .......................................... 4.9
Germany ................................... 4.8
United States ............................ 4.8
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.8
Barbados ................................... 4.8
Austria....................................... 4.8
Rwanda ..................................... 4.8
Botswana .................................. 4.8
France ....................................... 4.8
Jordan ....................................... 4.8
United Arab Emirates................ 4.8
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.7
Qatar ......................................... 4.7
Syria .......................................... 4.7
Greece ...................................... 4.7
Zimbabwe ................................. 4.7
Ethiopia ..................................... 4.6
Panama ..................................... 4.6
Benin......................................... 4.5
Brazil ......................................... 4.5
Thailand..................................... 4.5
Senegal ..................................... 4.5
Ireland ....................................... 4.5
Estonia ...................................... 4.5
Ghana........................................ 4.5
Malawi ...................................... 4.5
Uruguay..................................... 4.5
Morocco.................................... 4.5
Portugal..................................... 4.5
Jamaica ..................................... 4.4
China ......................................... 4.4
Egypt......................................... 4.4
India .......................................... 4.4
Peru........................................... 4.4
Cameroon ................................. 4.4
Zambia ...................................... 4.4
Indonesia................................... 4.3
Spain ......................................... 4.3
Costa Rica................................. 4.2
Albania ...................................... 4.2
Iceland....................................... 4.2
Montenegro .............................. 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
1.20
409
410
1.21
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
12
12
12
15
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
New Zealand.................................9.7
Singapore ......................................9.3
Hong Kong SAR ............................9.0
Malaysia ........................................8.7
Canada ..........................................8.3
Colombia .......................................8.3
Ireland ...........................................8.3
Israel .............................................8.3
United States ................................8.3
South Africa ..................................8.0
United Kingdom ............................8.0
Kyrgyz Republic ............................7.7
Mauritius .......................................7.7
Thailand.........................................7.7
Albania ..........................................7.3
Belgium.........................................7.0
Japan.............................................7.0
Puerto Rico ...................................7.0
Saudi Arabia ..................................7.0
Azerbaijan......................................6.7
Bangladesh ...................................6.7
Georgia..........................................6.7
Macedonia, FYR............................6.7
Norway..........................................6.7
Peru...............................................6.7
Slovenia.........................................6.7
Trinidad and Tobago......................6.7
Chile ..............................................6.3
Denmark .......................................6.3
Kuwait ...........................................6.3
Mongolia .......................................6.3
Montenegro ..................................6.3
Pakistan.........................................6.3
Rwanda .........................................6.3
Sweden.........................................6.3
Botswana ......................................6.0
Bulgaria .........................................6.0
Ghana............................................6.0
India ..............................................6.0
Indonesia.......................................6.0
Kazakhstan ....................................6.0
Mexico ..........................................6.0
Mozambique .................................6.0
Poland ...........................................6.0
Portugal.........................................6.0
Romania ........................................6.0
Angola ...........................................5.7
Australia ........................................5.7
Bahrain ..........................................5.7
Dominican Republic ......................5.7
Estonia ..........................................5.7
Finland...........................................5.7
Italy ...............................................5.7
Latvia.............................................5.7
Madagascar...................................5.7
Nigeria...........................................5.7
Paraguay .......................................5.7
Tajikistan .......................................5.7
Turkey ...........................................5.7
Algeria ...........................................5.3
Brazil .............................................5.3
Cambodia ......................................5.3
Egypt.............................................5.3
France ...........................................5.3
Guyana ..........................................5.3
Iceland...........................................5.3
Jamaica .........................................5.3
Korea, Rep. ...................................5.3
Malawi ..........................................5.3
Namibia .........................................5.3
Nepal.............................................5.3
60
60
60
60
60
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
121
121
121
121
125
125
125
125
125
125
131
131
131
131
131
131
137
137
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Serbia ............................................5.3
Sri Lanka .......................................5.3
Taiwan, China ...............................5.3
Tunisia...........................................5.3
Zambia ..........................................5.3
Armenia.........................................5.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina ...............5.0
China .............................................5.0
Cyprus...........................................5.0
Czech Republic .............................5.0
Germany .......................................5.0
Kenya ............................................5.0
Lebanon ........................................5.0
Lithuania........................................5.0
Nicaragua ......................................5.0
Oman ............................................5.0
Qatar .............................................5.0
Russian Federation .......................5.0
Spain .............................................5.0
Tanzania ........................................5.0
Uruguay.........................................5.0
Argentina.......................................4.7
Moldova ........................................4.7
Netherlands...................................4.7
Panama .........................................4.7
Slovak Republic.............................4.7
Syria ..............................................4.7
Ukraine..........................................4.7
Belize ............................................4.3
Brunei Darussalam........................4.3
Cameroon .....................................4.3
El Salvador ....................................4.3
Ethiopia .........................................4.3
Hungary.........................................4.3
Jordan ...........................................4.3
Luxembourg..................................4.3
Swaziland ......................................4.3
United Arab Emirates....................4.3
Zimbabwe .....................................4.3
Austria...........................................4.0
Bolivia............................................4.0
Cape Verde ...................................4.0
Croatia...........................................4.0
Ecuador .........................................4.0
Guatemala.....................................4.0
Philippines.....................................4.0
Timor-Leste...................................4.0
Uganda..........................................4.0
Yemen...........................................4.0
Burkina Faso .................................3.7
Lesotho .........................................3.7
Mali ...............................................3.7
Mauritania .....................................3.7
Benin.............................................3.3
Burundi..........................................3.3
Chad..............................................3.3
Cte dIvoire .................................3.3
Greece ..........................................3.3
Morocco........................................3.3
Costa Rica.....................................3.0
Haiti...............................................3.0
Honduras.......................................3.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ..........................3.0
Senegal .........................................3.0
Switzerland ...................................3.0
Gambia, The..................................2.7
Vietnam.........................................2.7
Venezuela......................................2.3
Suriname.......................................2.0
Barbados .......................................n/a
Malta .............................................n/a
SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2011: Making a Difference for Entrepreneurs
Data Tables
Section II
Infrastructure
412
2.01
How would you assess general infrastructure (e.g., transport, telephony, and energy) in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and
efficient by international standards] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
Quality of roads
How would you assess roads in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] | 201011 weighted
average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Guatemala................................. 3.9
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.9
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.8
Jamaica ..................................... 3.8
Guyana ...................................... 3.8
Algeria ....................................... 3.8
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.8
Pakistan..................................... 3.7
Malawi ...................................... 3.7
Czech Republic ......................... 3.6
Slovak Republic......................... 3.6
Indonesia................................... 3.5
Norway...................................... 3.5
India .......................................... 3.4
Honduras................................... 3.4
Egypt......................................... 3.4
Tajikistan ................................... 3.4
Ghana........................................ 3.4
Morocco.................................... 3.4
Nicaragua .................................. 3.3
Armenia..................................... 3.3
Senegal ..................................... 3.3
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.3
Mali ........................................... 3.3
Argentina................................... 3.2
Tanzania .................................... 3.2
Peru........................................... 3.2
Montenegro .............................. 3.1
Philippines................................. 3.1
Latvia......................................... 3.1
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.1
Belize ........................................ 3.0
Chad.......................................... 3.0
Malta ......................................... 3.0
Bolivia........................................ 3.0
Uganda...................................... 3.0
Colombia ................................... 2.9
Benin......................................... 2.9
Zambia ...................................... 2.9
Bangladesh ............................... 2.9
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.9
Venezuela.................................. 2.9
Yemen....................................... 2.9
Lebanon .................................... 2.9
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.8
Burundi...................................... 2.8
Brazil ......................................... 2.8
Cameroon ................................. 2.8
Nigeria....................................... 2.7
Lesotho ..................................... 2.7
Madagascar............................... 2.7
Vietnam..................................... 2.6
Costa Rica................................. 2.5
Kazakhstan ................................ 2.5
Burkina Faso ............................. 2.5
Angola ....................................... 2.5
Nepal......................................... 2.5
Paraguay ................................... 2.4
Russian Federation ................... 2.4
Serbia ........................................ 2.4
Mozambique ............................. 2.3
Mauritania ................................. 2.3
Poland ....................................... 2.3
Timor-Leste............................... 2.1
Bulgaria ..................................... 2.1
Romania .................................... 2.1
Ukraine...................................... 2.1
Mongolia ................................... 1.8
Haiti........................................... 1.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 1.7
Moldova .................................... 1.3
MEAN: 4.0
2.02
413
414
2.03
How would you assess the railroad system in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.1
How would you assess port facilities in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = well developed and efficient by international standards]
For landlocked countries, the question is as follows: How accessible are port facilities? [1 = extremely inaccessible; 7 = extremely accessible] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Pakistan..................................... 4.1
Azerbaijan.................................. 4.1
Hungary..................................... 4.0
Mexico ...................................... 4.0
Cambodia .................................. 4.0
Zambia ...................................... 4.0
Croatia....................................... 4.0
Egypt......................................... 4.0
Benin......................................... 3.9
Italy ........................................... 3.9
India .......................................... 3.9
Slovak Republic......................... 3.9
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.9
Albania ...................................... 3.9
Botswana .................................. 3.9
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.9
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.9
El Salvador ................................ 3.8
Kenya ........................................ 3.8
Ecuador ..................................... 3.8
Cape Verde ............................... 3.8
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.8
Argentina................................... 3.7
Mali ........................................... 3.7
Ukraine...................................... 3.7
Russian Federation ................... 3.7
Uganda...................................... 3.7
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.7
Montenegro .............................. 3.7
Guyana ...................................... 3.7
Malawi ...................................... 3.6
Indonesia................................... 3.6
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.6
Cameroon ................................. 3.5
Peru........................................... 3.5
Poland ....................................... 3.4
Paraguay ................................... 3.4
Colombia ................................... 3.4
Mozambique ............................. 3.4
Vietnam..................................... 3.4
Syria .......................................... 3.4
Bangladesh ............................... 3.4
Lesotho ..................................... 3.4
Belize ........................................ 3.3
Tanzania .................................... 3.3
Nigeria....................................... 3.3
Mauritania ................................. 3.3
Madagascar............................... 3.3
Rwanda ..................................... 3.2
Bolivia........................................ 3.1
Algeria ....................................... 3.0
Philippines................................. 3.0
Burundi...................................... 3.0
Moldova .................................... 2.9
Yemen....................................... 2.9
Mongolia ................................... 2.8
Romania .................................... 2.8
Nicaragua .................................. 2.7
Brazil ......................................... 2.7
Chad.......................................... 2.7
Armenia..................................... 2.7
Serbia ........................................ 2.7
Timor-Leste............................... 2.6
Nepal......................................... 2.6
Venezuela.................................. 2.5
Costa Rica................................. 2.3
Angola ....................................... 2.3
Haiti........................................... 1.8
Tajikistan ................................... 1.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 1.7
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 1.5
MEAN: 4.3
2.04
415
416
2.05
How would you assess passenger air transport infrastructure in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international
standards] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
Scheduled available airline seat kilometers per week originating in country (in millions) | 2011
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Ecuador .....................................142.5
Hungary.....................................132.3
Jamaica .....................................130.5
Costa Rica.................................125.7
Tunisia.......................................122.9
Angola .......................................107.7
Ghana........................................104.3
Syria ..........................................100.8
Iceland.........................................94.1
Bulgaria .......................................92.7
Senegal .......................................91.6
El Salvador ..................................85.9
Barbados .....................................83.8
Nepal...........................................80.3
Latvia...........................................75.8
Azerbaijan....................................72.5
Tanzania ......................................69.6
Brunei Darussalam......................68.6
Bolivia..........................................68.1
Croatia.........................................66.2
Malta ...........................................61.0
Cambodia ....................................57.8
Trinidad and Tobago....................57.1
Uruguay.......................................54.8
Serbia ..........................................53.7
Tajikistan .....................................50.0
Armenia.......................................47.5
Guatemala...................................43.9
Cameroon ...................................43.5
Madagascar.................................41.7
Yemen.........................................40.8
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................36.9
Lithuania......................................35.2
Uganda........................................35.1
Georgia........................................33.3
Cape Verde .................................31.9
Namibia .......................................30.5
Mozambique ...............................29.5
Mali .............................................28.8
Honduras.....................................25.3
Zambia ........................................24.2
Haiti.............................................24.1
Albania ........................................23.5
Suriname.....................................23.4
Estonia ........................................22.3
Luxembourg................................21.9
Cte dIvoire ...............................21.2
Mongolia .....................................21.1
Zimbabwe ...................................21.0
Slovak Republic...........................19.5
Benin...........................................19.1
Nicaragua ....................................17.5
Montenegro ................................17.4
Moldova ......................................15.7
Belize ..........................................14.9
Paraguay .....................................14.8
Slovenia.......................................14.7
Burkina Faso ...............................12.4
Timor-Leste.................................11.5
Gambia, The................................10.8
Chad..............................................9.3
Macedonia, FYR............................8.5
Mauritania .....................................7.8
Guyana ..........................................7.4
Malawi ..........................................7.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina ...............7.1
Rwanda .........................................6.2
Botswana ......................................5.4
Burundi..........................................2.2
Swaziland ......................................0.3
Lesotho .........................................0.3
2.06
417
418
2.07
How would you assess the quality of the electricity supply in your country (lack of interruptions and lack of voltage fluctuations)? [1 = insufficient and
suffers frequent interruptions; 7 = sufficient and reliable] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Mexico ........................................17.5
Sri Lanka .....................................17.2
Qatar ...........................................16.9
Azerbaijan....................................16.3
Suriname.....................................16.2
El Salvador ..................................16.2
Malaysia ......................................16.1
Indonesia.....................................15.8
Panama .......................................15.7
Saudi Arabia ................................15.2
Colombia .....................................14.7
Cape Verde .................................14.5
Ecuador .......................................14.4
Georgia........................................13.7
Tunisia.........................................12.3
Egypt...........................................11.9
Morocco......................................11.7
Peru.............................................10.9
Guatemala...................................10.4
Albania ........................................10.3
Oman ..........................................10.2
Dominican Republic ....................10.2
Thailand.......................................10.1
Belize ............................................9.7
Jamaica .........................................9.6
Kyrgyz Republic ............................9.4
Honduras.......................................8.8
Bolivia............................................8.5
South Africa ..................................8.4
Algeria ...........................................8.2
Jordan ...........................................7.8
Philippines.....................................7.3
Mongolia .......................................7.0
Botswana ......................................6.8
Namibia .........................................6.7
Paraguay .......................................6.3
Tajikistan .......................................5.3
Nicaragua ......................................4.5
Yemen...........................................4.3
Swaziland ......................................3.7
Zimbabwe .....................................3.0
India ..............................................2.9
Gambia, The..................................2.8
Nepal.............................................2.8
Senegal .........................................2.7
Cambodia ......................................2.5
Cameroon .....................................2.5
Mauritania .....................................2.1
Pakistan.........................................2.0
Lesotho .........................................1.8
Angola ...........................................1.6
Benin.............................................1.5
Ghana............................................1.1
Kenya ............................................1.1
Cte dIvoire .................................1.1
Ethiopia .........................................1.1
Malawi ..........................................1.1
Uganda..........................................1.0
Burkina Faso .................................0.9
Madagascar...................................0.8
Mali ...............................................0.7
Zambia ..........................................0.7
Nigeria...........................................0.7
Bangladesh ...................................0.6
Haiti...............................................0.5
Chad..............................................0.5
Tanzania ........................................0.4
Burundi..........................................0.4
Mozambique .................................0.4
Rwanda .........................................0.4
Timor-Leste...................................0.2
SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2011 (June 2011 edition)
2.08
419
420
2.09
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Peru...........................................100.1
Morocco....................................100.1
France .........................................99.7
Azerbaijan....................................99.0
Venezuela....................................96.2
Japan...........................................95.4
Colombia .....................................93.8
Cyprus.........................................93.7
Algeria .........................................92.4
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................91.9
Indonesia.....................................91.7
Mauritius .....................................91.7
Paraguay .....................................91.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................91.2
Mongolia .....................................91.1
United States ..............................89.9
Dominican Republic ....................89.6
Moldova ......................................88.6
Egypt...........................................87.1
Tajikistan .....................................86.4
Philippines...................................85.7
Gambia, The................................85.5
Turkey .........................................84.9
Sri Lanka .....................................83.2
Mexico ........................................80.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............80.1
Benin...........................................79.9
Mauritania ...................................79.3
Puerto Rico .................................78.3
Cte dIvoire ...............................75.5
Cape Verde .................................75.0
Guyana ........................................73.6
Georgia........................................73.4
Bolivia..........................................72.3
Ghana..........................................71.5
Canada ........................................70.7
Lebanon ......................................68.0
Namibia .......................................67.2
Senegal .......................................67.1
Costa Rica...................................65.1
Nicaragua ....................................65.1
China ...........................................64.0
Belize ..........................................62.3
Swaziland ....................................61.8
Kenya ..........................................61.6
India ............................................61.4
Zimbabwe ...................................59.7
Pakistan.......................................59.2
Cambodia ....................................57.7
Syria ............................................57.3
Nigeria.........................................55.1
Timor-Leste.................................53.4
Mali .............................................47.7
Tanzania ......................................46.8
Angola .........................................46.7
Bangladesh .................................46.2
Yemen.........................................46.1
Cameroon ...................................41.6
Haiti.............................................40.0
Madagascar.................................39.8
Uganda........................................38.4
Zambia ........................................37.8
Burkina Faso ...............................34.7
Rwanda .......................................33.4
Lesotho .......................................32.2
Mozambique ...............................30.9
Nepal...........................................30.7
Chad............................................23.3
Malawi ........................................20.4
Burundi........................................13.7
Ethiopia .........................................7.9
SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2011 (June 2011 edition)
Data Tables
Section III
Macroeconomic environment
422
3.01
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Timor-Leste...............................238.6
Kuwait .........................................17.5
Azerbaijan....................................13.6
Qatar ...........................................11.4
Norway........................................10.9
Brunei Darussalam........................8.0
Angola ...........................................7.9
Saudi Arabia ..................................7.7
Oman ............................................7.5
Singapore ......................................5.3
Hong Kong SAR ............................5.0
United Arab Emirates....................3.3
Korea, Rep. ...................................2.4
Haiti...............................................2.2
Bolivia............................................2.0
Kazakhstan ....................................1.5
Mongolia .......................................1.2
Paraguay .......................................0.9
Iran, Islamic Rep. ..........................0.6
Switzerland ...................................0.2
Estonia ..........................................0.2
Nicaragua ......................................0.2
Sweden.......................................0.2
Chile ............................................0.4
Benin...........................................0.4
Mauritania ...................................0.4
Rwanda .......................................0.5
Ecuador .......................................0.6
Peru.............................................0.6
Indonesia.....................................0.6
Cameroon ...................................1.0
Malawi ........................................1.1
Madagascar.................................1.1
Uruguay.......................................1.2
Tunisia.........................................1.3
Ethiopia .......................................1.3
Cambodia ....................................1.5
Luxembourg................................1.7
Argentina.....................................1.7
Morocco......................................1.8
Nepal...........................................1.9
Mali .............................................1.9
Panama .......................................2.0
Cte dIvoire ...............................2.0
Dominican Republic ....................2.3
Zimbabwe ...................................2.3
Belize ..........................................2.4
Moldova ......................................2.5
Macedonia, FYR..........................2.5
China ...........................................2.6
Puerto Rico .................................2.6
Turkey .........................................2.6
Thailand.......................................2.7
Algeria .........................................2.7
Finland.........................................2.8
Colombia .....................................2.8
Brazil ...........................................2.9
Honduras.....................................2.9
Burundi........................................3.0
Tajikistan .....................................3.0
Zambia ........................................3.1
Guyana ........................................3.2
Mauritius .....................................3.2
Germany .....................................3.3
Guatemala...................................3.3
Serbia ..........................................3.5
Russian Federation .....................3.6
Suriname.....................................3.6
Bulgaria .......................................3.6
Mozambique ...............................3.6
Philippines...................................3.7
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
89
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Bangladesh .................................3.7
Albania ........................................3.7
Malta ...........................................3.8
Montenegro ................................3.8
Yemen.........................................4.0
Hungary.......................................4.1
Austria.........................................4.1
Israel ...........................................4.1
Mexico ........................................4.1
Trinidad and Tobago....................4.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............4.3
El Salvador ..................................4.4
Belgium.......................................4.6
Italy .............................................4.6
Australia ......................................4.6
Georgia........................................4.8
Syria ............................................4.8
Czech Republic ...........................4.9
Denmark .....................................4.9
Taiwan, China .............................4.9
Armenia.......................................4.9
Gambia, The................................4.9
Senegal .......................................5.0
Uganda........................................5.0
Malaysia ......................................5.1
Netherlands.................................5.2
Slovenia.......................................5.2
Croatia.........................................5.3
Jordan .........................................5.4
Cyprus.........................................5.4
Canada ........................................5.5
Costa Rica...................................5.6
South Africa ................................5.7
Ukraine........................................5.8
Jamaica .......................................5.8
Burkina Faso ...............................5.8
Pakistan.......................................6.0
Venezuela....................................6.0
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................6.1
Kenya ..........................................6.2
New Zealand...............................6.3
Vietnam.......................................6.4
Romania ......................................6.5
Barbados .....................................6.6
Iceland.........................................6.8
Tanzania ......................................6.9
Chad............................................7.0
Namibia .......................................7.0
Lebanon ......................................7.2
Nigeria.........................................7.2
Portugal.......................................7.3
Lithuania......................................7.6
Ghana..........................................7.7
France .........................................7.7
Bahrain ........................................7.8
Latvia...........................................7.9
Poland .........................................7.9
Lesotho .......................................8.1
Slovak Republic...........................8.2
Sri Lanka .....................................8.2
Egypt...........................................8.3
India ............................................9.0
Spain ...........................................9.2
Japan...........................................9.5
Greece ........................................9.6
Botswana ..................................10.4
United Kingdom ........................10.4
United States ............................10.6
Cape Verde ...............................10.7
Swaziland ..................................11.5
Ireland .......................................32.2
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition); African Development Bank, African Statistical Yearbook
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Timor-Leste...............................276.0
China ...........................................54.0
Algeria .........................................53.4
Brunei Darussalam1 ....................51.8
Qatar ...........................................49.4
Azerbaijan....................................46.2
Singapore ....................................46.0
Oman ..........................................41.4
Kuwait .........................................40.4
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................38.7
Mongolia .....................................36.7
Kazakhstan ..................................35.3
Cape Verde .................................35.3
Saudi Arabia ................................35.2
India ............................................34.7
Bahrain ........................................34.4
Vietnam.......................................34.3
Norway........................................34.2
Nepal...........................................34.1
Trinidad and Tobago....................33.4
Indonesia.....................................33.4
Switzerland .................................33.3
Malaysia ......................................33.1
Taiwan, China .............................32.3
Morocco......................................31.6
Korea, Rep. .................................31.5
Nigeria.........................................31.1
Thailand.......................................30.7
Hong Kong SAR ..........................30.4
Malawi ........................................28.8
Chile ............................................28.2
Zambia ........................................27.6
Bangladesh .................................26.7
Namibia .......................................26.6
United Arab Emirates..................26.4
Bolivia..........................................25.6
Venezuela....................................25.6
Netherlands.................................25.4
Austria.........................................25.1
Mexico ........................................25.1
Luxembourg................................25.1
Botswana ....................................24.9
Australia ......................................24.9
Russian Federation .....................24.7
Sweden.......................................24.5
Haiti.............................................24.4
Latvia...........................................24.2
Bulgaria .......................................24.1
Japan...........................................23.8
Estonia ........................................23.5
Peru.............................................23.5
Argentina.....................................22.9
Germany .....................................22.8
Sri Lanka .....................................22.3
Romania ......................................22.2
Slovenia.......................................22.2
Macedonia, FYR..........................22.1
Finland.........................................21.9
Croatia.........................................21.7
Mauritania ...................................21.6
Senegal .......................................21.5
Lesotho .......................................21.3
Denmark .....................................21.2
Tunisia.........................................21.0
Ecuador .......................................20.9
Ethiopia .......................................20.8
Suriname.....................................20.4
Slovak Republic...........................20.2
Belgium.......................................20.2
Philippines...................................20.1
Lebanon ......................................20.0
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
88
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition) and Public Information Notices (various issues); national
sources
1 2008
3.02
423
424
3.03
Inflation
RANK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
55
57
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Brunei Darussalam........................0.5
Montenegro ..................................0.5
Switzerland ...................................0.7
Slovak Republic.............................0.7
Netherlands...................................0.9
United Arab Emirates....................0.9
Taiwan, China ...............................1.0
Chad..............................................1.0
Morocco........................................1.0
Croatia...........................................1.0
Germany .......................................1.2
Mali ...............................................1.2
El Salvador ....................................1.2
Lithuania........................................1.2
Senegal .........................................1.2
Cameroon .....................................1.3
Cte dIvoire .................................1.4
Portugal.........................................1.4
Czech Republic .............................1.5
Macedonia, FYR............................1.5
Chile ..............................................1.5
Peru...............................................1.5
Italy ...............................................1.6
United States ................................1.6
Finland...........................................1.7
Austria...........................................1.7
Malaysia ........................................1.7
France ...........................................1.7
Canada ..........................................1.8
Slovenia.........................................1.8
Sweden.........................................1.9
Bahrain ..........................................2.0
Malta .............................................2.0
Spain .............................................2.0
Cape Verde ...................................2.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina ...............2.1
Benin.............................................2.1
Colombia .......................................2.3
Luxembourg..................................2.3
Denmark .......................................2.3
Belgium.........................................2.3
New Zealand.................................2.3
Rwanda .........................................2.3
Hong Kong SAR ............................2.4
Norway..........................................2.4
Puerto Rico ...................................2.5
Bolivia............................................2.5
Cyprus...........................................2.6
Poland ...........................................2.6
Israel .............................................2.7
Ethiopia .........................................2.8
Singapore ......................................2.8
Australia ........................................2.8
Estonia ..........................................2.9
Mauritius .......................................2.9
Korea, Rep. ...................................3.0
Bulgaria .........................................3.0
Zimbabwe .....................................3.0
Oman ............................................3.3
Thailand.........................................3.3
China .............................................3.3
United Kingdom ............................3.3
Panama .........................................3.5
Ecuador .........................................3.6
Albania ..........................................3.6
Guyana ..........................................3.7
Philippines.....................................3.8
Lesotho .........................................3.8
Kenya ............................................3.9
Guatemala.....................................3.9
Cambodia ......................................4.0
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
86
87
88
89
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
56
58
74
85
91
102
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Kuwait ...........................................4.1
Haiti...............................................4.1
Mexico ..........................................4.2
South Africa ..................................4.3
Algeria ...........................................4.3
Syria ..............................................4.4
Tunisia...........................................4.4
Swaziland ......................................4.5
Namibia .........................................4.5
Lebanon ........................................4.5
Paraguay .......................................4.7
Honduras.......................................4.7
Greece ..........................................4.7
Hungary.........................................4.9
Timor-Leste...................................4.9
Jordan ...........................................5.0
Brazil .............................................5.0
Gambia, The..................................5.0
Barbados .......................................5.1
Indonesia.......................................5.1
Saudi Arabia ..................................5.4
Iceland...........................................5.4
Nicaragua ......................................5.5
Costa Rica.....................................5.7
Azerbaijan......................................5.7
Sri Lanka .......................................5.9
Mauritania .....................................6.1
Romania ........................................6.1
Serbia ............................................6.2
Dominican Republic ......................6.3
Burundi..........................................6.4
Tajikistan .......................................6.5
Uruguay.........................................6.7
Russian Federation .......................6.9
Malawi ..........................................6.9
Suriname.......................................6.9
Botswana ......................................7.0
Georgia..........................................7.1
Moldova ........................................7.4
Kazakhstan ....................................7.4
Kyrgyz Republic ............................7.8
Armenia.........................................8.2
Bangladesh ...................................8.2
Zambia ..........................................8.5
Turkey ...........................................8.6
Madagascar...................................9.0
Vietnam.........................................9.2
Nepal.............................................9.3
Ukraine..........................................9.4
Uganda..........................................9.4
Mongolia .....................................10.2
Argentina.....................................10.5
Tanzania ......................................10.5
Trinidad and Tobago....................10.7
Ghana..........................................10.7
Egypt...........................................11.7
Pakistan.......................................11.7
Yemen.........................................12.1
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................12.5
Jamaica .......................................12.6
Mozambique ...............................12.7
India ............................................13.2
Nigeria.........................................13.7
Angola .........................................14.5
Venezuela....................................28.2
Belize ............................................0.5
Burkina Faso .................................0.4
Japan...........................................0.7
Latvia...........................................1.2
Ireland .........................................1.6
Qatar ...........................................2.4
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition); national sources
NOTE:
For inflation rates between 0.5 and 2.9 percent, a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this range, scores decrease
linearly as they move away from these values.
Average interest rate spread between typical lending and deposit rates | 2010
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
116
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
New Zealand.................................5.6
Mali ...............................................5.7
Colombia .......................................5.7
Montenegro ..................................5.8
Bangladesh ...................................5.9
Botswana ......................................5.9
Swaziland ......................................5.9
Saudi Arabia ..................................6.0
Bahrain ..........................................6.0
Barbados .......................................6.0
Belize ............................................6.1
Uruguay.........................................6.2
Indonesia.......................................6.2
Algeria ...........................................6.3
Albania ..........................................6.4
Greece ..........................................6.5
Mozambique .................................6.6
Estonia ..........................................6.7
Romania ........................................6.8
Serbia ............................................6.9
Italy ...............................................7.0
Bulgaria .........................................7.1
Dominican Republic ......................7.3
Cte dIvoire2................................7.5
Pakistan.........................................7.5
Lesotho .........................................7.5
Latvia.............................................7.7
Trinidad and Tobago......................7.8
Guatemala.....................................7.9
Cape Verde ...................................7.9
Tanzania ........................................8.0
Mongolia .......................................8.2
Croatia...........................................8.6
Moldova ........................................8.7
Bolivia............................................8.9
Mauritania .....................................9.0
Honduras.......................................9.0
Azerbaijan......................................9.1
Rwanda1 .......................................9.8
Kenya ............................................9.8
Angola .........................................10.0
Timor-Leste.................................10.2
Armenia.......................................10.3
Nicaragua ....................................10.3
Cameroon ...................................10.8
Chad............................................10.8
Mauritius .....................................10.9
Senegal .......................................11.0
Nigeria.........................................11.1
Gambia, The2 ..............................11.5
Costa Rica...................................11.8
Ghana..........................................12.2
Guyana ........................................12.3
Uganda........................................12.5
Zambia ........................................13.5
Jamaica .......................................14.1
Cambodia ....................................14.4
Georgia........................................15.0
Haiti.............................................16.7
Peru.............................................17.4
Tajikistan .....................................18.0
Malawi ........................................21.0
Paraguay .....................................24.8
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................27.4
Zimbabwe ...................................29.0
Brazil ...........................................31.1
Madagascar.................................38.5
Benin.............................................n/a
Burkina Faso .................................n/a
Burundi..........................................n/a
Kazakhstan ....................................n/a
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics database (accessed 17 July 2011) and country tables (July 2011); Economist
1 2008
2 2009
3.04
425
426
3.05
Government debt
RANK
1
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Brunei Darussalam........................0.0
Timor-Leste...................................0.0
Hong Kong SAR ............................4.8
Oman ............................................5.9
Estonia ..........................................6.6
Chile ..............................................8.8
Russian Federation .......................9.9
Algeria .........................................10.3
Kuwait .........................................10.5
Saudi Arabia ................................10.8
Azerbaijan....................................10.8
Kazakhstan ..................................11.4
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................12.0
Cameroon ...................................12.9
Botswana ....................................13.2
Paraguay .....................................15.0
Haiti.............................................15.7
Nigeria.........................................16.4
Luxembourg................................16.6
China ...........................................17.7
Qatar ...........................................17.8
Bulgaria .......................................18.0
Namibia .......................................18.5
Swaziland ....................................18.5
Mongolia .....................................20.3
Ecuador .......................................20.4
United Arab Emirates..................21.0
Suriname.....................................21.6
Australia ......................................22.3
Rwanda .......................................23.9
Guatemala...................................24.0
Peru.............................................24.3
Macedonia, FYR..........................24.8
Uganda........................................25.4
Honduras.....................................26.3
Zambia ........................................26.9
Indonesia.....................................26.9
Syria ............................................27.5
Burkina Faso ...............................27.7
Mali .............................................28.3
Dominican Republic ....................29.0
Moldova ......................................29.8
Cambodia ....................................30.3
Benin...........................................30.6
Korea, Rep. .................................30.9
Angola .........................................31.4
New Zealand...............................31.6
Mozambique ...............................32.0
Bahrain ........................................32.0
Madagascar.................................35.0
Bangladesh .................................35.2
Romania ......................................35.2
Nepal...........................................35.5
South Africa ................................35.7
Chad............................................36.1
Colombia .....................................36.5
Tajikistan .....................................36.7
Ethiopia .......................................36.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............36.9
Slovenia.......................................37.2
Bolivia..........................................37.4
Lesotho .......................................37.7
Senegal .......................................38.0
Lithuania......................................38.7
Venezuela....................................38.7
Georgia........................................39.1
Costa Rica...................................39.4
Armenia.......................................39.4
Czech Republic ...........................39.6
Sweden.......................................39.6
Taiwan, China .............................39.7
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition) and Public Information Notices (various issues); Asian
Development Bank, Asian Development Outlook 2011; Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (accessed 17 July 2011); national
sources
NOTE:
The specific components taken into account to calculate government debt may vary by country. See Technical Notes and Sources for more
details.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum
Expert assessment of the probability of sovereign debt default on a 0100 (lowest probability) scale | March 2011
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
30
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
51
53
54
55
56
57
57
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
66
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Norway........................................95.2
Switzerland .................................94.1
Germany .....................................93.3
Canada ........................................93.1
Singapore ....................................92.7
Sweden.......................................92.6
Finland.........................................92.5
Luxembourg................................92.5
United States ..............................91.4
Denmark .....................................91.2
Netherlands.................................91.0
Australia ......................................90.9
Austria.........................................90.1
France .........................................89.7
United Kingdom ..........................87.8
New Zealand...............................87.2
Hong Kong SAR ..........................85.5
Japan...........................................85.3
Belgium.......................................85.1
Taiwan, China .............................81.3
Slovenia.......................................80.6
China ...........................................80.2
Chile ............................................79.5
Qatar ...........................................79.0
Korea, Rep. .................................78.4
Malta ...........................................77.6
Czech Republic ...........................76.5
Italy .............................................76.4
Kuwait .........................................76.2
Cyprus.........................................75.3
United Arab Emirates..................75.3
Saudi Arabia ................................75.0
Slovak Republic...........................74.8
Malaysia ......................................73.6
Spain ...........................................72.0
Oman ..........................................71.8
Poland .........................................71.7
Israel ...........................................71.6
Brazil ...........................................68.5
Bahrain ........................................68.1
Mexico ........................................67.6
Estonia ........................................67.4
Trinidad and Tobago....................66.7
Portugal.......................................65.4
Russian Federation .....................65.2
India ............................................65.0
Thailand.......................................64.3
South Africa ................................63.3
Botswana ....................................63.0
Peru.............................................61.7
Barbados .....................................61.0
Ireland .........................................61.0
Tunisia.........................................60.5
Panama .......................................59.6
Colombia .....................................58.4
Lithuania......................................57.0
Hungary.......................................56.8
Turkey .........................................56.8
Indonesia.....................................55.6
Costa Rica...................................55.1
Croatia.........................................54.6
Morocco......................................54.5
Philippines...................................54.0
Uruguay.......................................53.7
Namibia .......................................53.5
Algeria .........................................53.4
Mauritius .....................................53.4
Bulgaria .......................................52.6
Kazakhstan ..................................52.5
Latvia...........................................51.3
Egypt...........................................51.1
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
86
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
105
105
108
109
109
111
112
113
114
115
116
116
118
119
120
120
122
123
124
125
125
127
127
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Azerbaijan....................................50.1
Romania ......................................49.3
El Salvador ..................................47.6
Greece ........................................46.9
Jordan .........................................46.2
Vietnam.......................................46.1
Guatemala...................................44.0
Macedonia, FYR..........................43.3
Iceland.........................................42.7
Serbia ..........................................39.8
Nigeria.........................................38.2
Albania ........................................38.1
Dominican Republic ....................38.0
Montenegro ................................37.8
Armenia.......................................37.7
Ghana..........................................37.7
Lesotho .......................................37.2
Argentina.....................................37.1
Ukraine........................................37.0
Bolivia..........................................36.5
Mongolia .....................................36.3
Angola .........................................36.2
Senegal .......................................36.0
Suriname.....................................35.9
Paraguay .....................................35.4
Georgia........................................35.2
Venezuela....................................34.8
Lebanon ......................................34.3
Cape Verde .................................34.0
Sri Lanka .....................................33.9
Uganda........................................33.7
Honduras.....................................33.2
Zambia ........................................31.9
Bangladesh .................................31.8
Guyana ........................................31.8
Syria ............................................31.8
Belize ..........................................31.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............31.3
Tanzania ......................................31.3
Jamaica .......................................31.2
Mozambique ...............................30.2
Cameroon ...................................30.1
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................29.4
Swaziland ....................................29.0
Cambodia ....................................28.5
Rwanda .......................................28.5
Kenya ..........................................28.2
Timor-Leste.................................28.0
Benin...........................................27.6
Mali .............................................27.6
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................26.9
Pakistan.......................................26.4
Burkina Faso ...............................26.2
Ecuador .......................................26.0
Moldova ......................................26.0
Nepal...........................................25.0
Yemen.........................................25.0
Malawi ........................................23.8
Nicaragua ....................................23.7
Tajikistan .....................................22.9
Gambia, The................................21.9
Ethiopia .......................................21.8
Mauritania ...................................21.6
Cte dIvoire ...............................20.9
Madagascar.................................18.1
Chad............................................17.7
Burundi........................................15.8
Haiti.............................................14.0
Zimbabwe .....................................5.8
Brunei Darussalam........................n/a
Puerto Rico ...................................n/a
SOURCE: Institutional Investor, 2011. No further copying or transmission of this material is allowed without the express permission of Institutional
Investor (publisher@institutionalinvestor.com).
3.06
427
Data Tables
Section IV
Health and primary education
430
4.01
How serious an impact do you consider malaria will have on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability, medical and funeral expenses,
productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)? [1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
Malaria incidence
RANK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Albania ........................................(NE)
Algeria ...........................................0.0
Armenia.........................................0.0
Australia ......................................(NE)
Austria.........................................(NE)
Bahrain ........................................(NE)
Barbados .....................................(NE)
Belgium.......................................(NE)
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............(NE)
Brunei Darussalam......................(NE)
Bulgaria .......................................(NE)
Canada ........................................(NE)
Chile ............................................(NE)
Croatia.........................................(NE)
Cyprus.........................................(NE)
Czech Republic ...........................(NE)
Denmark .....................................(NE)
Egypt.............................................0.0
Estonia ........................................(NE)
Finland.........................................(NE)
France .........................................(NE)
Germany .....................................(NE)
Greece ........................................(NE)
Hungary.......................................(NE)
Iceland.........................................(NE)
Ireland .........................................(NE)
Israel ...........................................(NE)
Italy .............................................(NE)
Japan...........................................(NE)
Jordan .........................................(NE)
Kazakhstan ..................................(NE)
Kuwait .........................................(NE)
Latvia...........................................(NE)
Lebanon ......................................(NE)
Lesotho .......................................(NE)
Lithuania......................................(NE)
Luxembourg................................(NE)
Macedonia, FYR..........................(NE)
Malta ...........................................(NE)
Mauritius .......................................0.0
Moldova ......................................(NE)
Mongolia .....................................(NE)
Montenegro ................................(NE)
Morocco........................................0.0
Netherlands.................................(NE)
New Zealand...............................(NE)
Norway........................................(NE)
Oman ............................................0.0
Poland .........................................(NE)
Portugal.......................................(NE)
Puerto Rico .................................(NE)
Qatar ...........................................(NE)
Romania ......................................(NE)
Russian Federation .......................0.0
Serbia ..........................................(NE)
Singapore ....................................(NE)
Slovak Republic...........................(NE)
Slovenia.......................................(NE)
Spain ...........................................(NE)
Sweden.......................................(NE)
Switzerland .................................(NE)
Syria ..............................................0.0
Taiwan, China2..............................0.0
Trinidad and Tobago....................(NE)
Tunisia.........................................(NE)
Ukraine........................................(NE)
United Arab Emirates..................(NE)
United Kingdom ..........................(NE)
United States ..............................(NE)
Uruguay.......................................(NE)
Hong Kong SAR1 ..........................0.4
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Malaria Report 2008; national sources
NOTE:
1 2008
VALUE
El Salvador ....................................1.3
Argentina.......................................1.3
Turkey ...........................................1.7
Georgia..........................................1.9
Azerbaijan......................................2.4
Saudi Arabia ..................................6.1
Kyrgyz Republic ............................7.1
China .............................................7.5
Mexico ..........................................9.0
Cape Verde .................................11.8
Korea, Rep. .................................13.5
Jamaica .......................................14.2
Sri Lanka .....................................16.9
Swaziland ....................................17.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................26.1
Paraguay .....................................32.8
Tajikistan .....................................35.7
Malaysia ......................................55.9
South Africa ................................67.4
Vietnam.......................................81.6
Dominican Republic ....................88.9
Nicaragua ..................................105.2
Nepal.........................................112.1
Philippines.................................143.9
Panama .....................................161.7
Costa Rica.................................210.9
Ecuador .....................................238.8
Botswana ..................................361.8
Thailand.....................................405.1
Venezuela..................................435.6
Honduras...................................484.3
Brazil .........................................728.2
Bolivia........................................788.9
Peru...........................................804.0
Colombia ...................................896.3
India ..........................................924.6
Pakistan.....................................931.3
Guatemala..............................1,078.7
Indonesia................................1,100.2
Namibia ..................................1,698.5
Cambodia ...............................1,845.2
Bangladesh ............................1,906.9
Madagascar............................3,355.9
Guyana ...................................7,848.1
Senegal ................................12,063.3
Ethiopia ................................15,311.1
Mauritania ............................18,382.1
Zimbabwe ............................20,367.9
Angola ..................................21,470.7
Burundi.................................27,784.8
Cameroon ............................28,013.1
Gambia, The.........................28,224.5
Tanzania ...............................29,245.4
Kenya ...................................31,027.8
Zambia .................................31,251.3
Ghana...................................31,650.9
Malawi .................................33,363.4
Rwanda ................................34,352.0
Mozambique ........................35,441.2
Uganda.................................35,543.2
Mali ......................................36,074.1
Benin....................................36,976.0
Cte dIvoire ........................37,162.0
Nigeria..................................39,736.4
Chad.....................................39,920.4
Burkina Faso ........................43,365.7
Timor-Leste..........................47,481.5
Belize ............................................n/a
Haiti...............................................n/a
Suriname.......................................n/a
Yemen...........................................n/a
4.02
431
432
4.03
How serious an impact do you consider tuberculosis will have on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability, medical and funeral expenses,
productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)? [1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.2
Finland....................................... 6.9
Norway...................................... 6.9
Sweden..................................... 6.9
Albania ...................................... 6.8
Denmark ................................... 6.8
Austria....................................... 6.7
Luxembourg.............................. 6.7
Belgium..................................... 6.6
Croatia....................................... 6.6
New Zealand............................. 6.6
Uruguay..................................... 6.6
Switzerland ............................... 6.6
Iceland....................................... 6.5
Netherlands............................... 6.5
Ireland ....................................... 6.5
Germany ................................... 6.5
Greece ...................................... 6.5
Saudi Arabia .............................. 6.5
Israel ......................................... 6.5
Puerto Rico ............................... 6.5
Spain ......................................... 6.5
Canada ...................................... 6.4
Hungary..................................... 6.4
France ....................................... 6.4
Slovenia..................................... 6.4
Italy ........................................... 6.4
Slovak Republic......................... 6.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 6.4
United Kingdom ........................ 6.3
Chile .......................................... 6.3
Costa Rica................................. 6.2
Montenegro .............................. 6.2
Australia .................................... 6.2
Serbia ........................................ 6.1
Cyprus....................................... 6.1
Czech Republic ......................... 6.1
Turkey ....................................... 6.0
Argentina................................... 6.0
Poland ....................................... 6.0
Bahrain ...................................... 6.0
Jamaica ..................................... 6.0
Sri Lanka ................................... 6.0
Portugal..................................... 5.9
Mauritius ................................... 5.9
Mexico ...................................... 5.9
Malta ......................................... 5.9
Brazil ......................................... 5.9
Barbados ................................... 5.9
Tunisia....................................... 5.9
Syria .......................................... 5.8
Guatemala................................. 5.8
Japan......................................... 5.8
Egypt......................................... 5.8
Jordan ....................................... 5.7
Estonia ...................................... 5.7
Lebanon .................................... 5.7
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.7
Panama ..................................... 5.7
Singapore .................................. 5.6
Lithuania.................................... 5.6
United States ............................ 5.6
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.5
Kuwait ....................................... 5.5
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.5
Russian Federation ................... 5.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 5.4
Oman ........................................ 5.4
Latvia......................................... 5.4
Honduras................................... 5.3
Suriname................................... 5.3
United Arab Emirates................ 5.3
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.2
Tuberculosis incidence
RANK
1
2
3
4
4
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
24
26
27
28
29
29
29
32
32
34
35
35
37
38
38
40
41
41
43
43
43
43
47
47
49
49
51
51
53
54
55
56
56
56
59
60
60
62
63
64
65
66
66
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Barbados .......................................0.9
Puerto Rico ...................................1.8
Iceland...........................................3.1
United Arab Emirates....................4.1
United States ................................4.1
Greece ..........................................4.5
Canada ..........................................4.8
Germany .......................................4.9
Switzerland ...................................4.9
Israel .............................................5.4
Cyprus...........................................5.5
Jordan ...........................................5.6
Norway..........................................5.9
France ...........................................6.1
Sweden.........................................6.2
Australia ........................................6.4
Italy ...............................................6.4
Jamaica .........................................6.6
Denmark .......................................6.8
Netherlands...................................7.5
New Zealand.................................7.8
Ireland ...........................................8.5
Belgium.........................................8.6
Czech Republic .............................8.8
Finland...........................................8.8
Slovak Republic.............................9.1
Luxembourg..................................9.2
Costa Rica...................................10.0
Austria.........................................11.0
Chile ............................................11.0
Malta ...........................................11.0
Slovenia.......................................12.0
United Kingdom ..........................12.0
Oman ..........................................13.0
Albania ........................................15.0
Lebanon ......................................15.0
Hungary.......................................16.0
Mexico ........................................17.0
Spain ...........................................17.0
Saudi Arabia ................................18.0
Egypt...........................................19.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................19.0
Japan...........................................21.0
Montenegro ................................21.0
Serbia ..........................................21.0
Syria ............................................21.0
Mauritius .....................................22.0
Uruguay.......................................22.0
Macedonia, FYR..........................23.0
Trinidad and Tobago....................23.0
Poland .........................................24.0
Tunisia.........................................24.0
Croatia.........................................25.0
Argentina.....................................28.0
Turkey .........................................29.0
El Salvador ..................................30.0
Estonia ........................................30.0
Portugal.......................................30.0
Venezuela....................................33.0
Colombia .....................................35.0
Kuwait .........................................35.0
Singapore ....................................36.0
Belize ..........................................40.0
Bulgaria .......................................41.0
Nicaragua ....................................44.0
Brazil ...........................................45.0
Latvia...........................................45.0
Bahrain ........................................46.0
Paraguay .....................................47.0
Panama .......................................48.0
Qatar ...........................................49.0
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
102
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
SOURCE: The World Bank, World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance Catalog (April 2011 edition); national sources
4.04
433
434
4.05
How serious an impact do you consider HIV/AIDS will have on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability, medical and funeral expenses,
productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)? [1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.0
HIV prevalence
RANK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
69
69
69
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Albania3...................................... <0.1
Bangladesh ................................ <0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina2........... <0.1
Brunei Darussalam........................0.0
Croatia........................................ <0.1
Czech Republic .......................... <0.1
Egypt.......................................... <0.1
Hong Kong SAR2 ....................... <0.1
Hungary...................................... <0.1
Japan.......................................... <0.1
Korea, Rep. ................................ <0.1
Macedonia, FYR2 ....................... <0.1
Mongolia .................................... <0.1
Philippines.................................. <0.1
Qatar .......................................... <0.1
Slovak Republic.......................... <0.1
Slovenia...................................... <0.1
Sri Lanka .................................... <0.1
Tunisia........................................ <0.1
Turkey ........................................ <0.1
Algeria ...........................................0.1
Armenia.........................................0.1
Australia ........................................0.1
Azerbaijan......................................0.1
Bulgaria .........................................0.1
China .............................................0.1
Finland...........................................0.1
Georgia..........................................0.1
Germany .......................................0.1
Greece ..........................................0.1
Kazakhstan ....................................0.1
Lebanon ........................................0.1
Lithuania........................................0.1
Malta .............................................0.1
Morocco........................................0.1
New Zealand.................................0.1
Norway..........................................0.1
Oman ............................................0.1
Pakistan.........................................0.1
Poland ...........................................0.1
Romania ........................................0.1
Serbia ............................................0.1
Singapore ......................................0.1
Sweden.........................................0.1
Bahrain2 ..................................... <0.2
Cyprus2 ...................................... <0.2
Jordan2 ...................................... <0.2
Kuwait2 ...................................... <0.2
Saudi Arabia2 ............................. <0.2
Syria2 ......................................... <0.2
Timor-Leste1 .............................. <0.2
United Arab Emirates2 ............... <0.2
Yemen2 ...................................... <0.2
Taiwan, China ...............................0.2
Belgium.........................................0.2
Bolivia............................................0.2
Canada ..........................................0.2
Denmark .......................................0.2
Indonesia.......................................0.2
Iran, Islamic Rep. ..........................0.2
Ireland ...........................................0.2
Israel .............................................0.2
Madagascar...................................0.2
Montenegro1 ................................0.2
Netherlands...................................0.2
Nicaragua ......................................0.2
Tajikistan .......................................0.2
United Kingdom ............................0.2
Austria...........................................0.3
Costa Rica.....................................0.3
Iceland...........................................0.3
69
69
69
69
69
69
78
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
88
88
88
88
88
93
93
95
96
96
96
99
99
99
99
103
103
103
106
106
106
106
110
111
111
111
111
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
121
123
124
125
126
127
127
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
India ..............................................0.3
Italy ...............................................0.3
Kyrgyz Republic ............................0.3
Luxembourg..................................0.3
Mexico ..........................................0.3
Paraguay .......................................0.3
Puerto Rico3 .................................0.3
Chile ..............................................0.4
Ecuador .........................................0.4
France ...........................................0.4
Moldova ........................................0.4
Nepal.............................................0.4
Peru...............................................0.4
Spain .............................................0.4
Switzerland ...................................0.4
Vietnam.........................................0.4
Argentina.......................................0.5
Cambodia ......................................0.5
Colombia .......................................0.5
Malaysia ........................................0.5
Uruguay.........................................0.5
Portugal.........................................0.6
United States ................................0.6
Brazil .............................................0.6
Latvia.............................................0.7
Mauritania .....................................0.7
Venezuela1 ....................................0.7
Cape Verde2 .................................0.8
El Salvador ....................................0.8
Guatemala.....................................0.8
Honduras.......................................0.8
Dominican Republic ......................0.9
Panama .........................................0.9
Senegal .........................................0.9
Mali ...............................................1.0
Mauritius .......................................1.0
Russian Federation .......................1.0
Suriname.......................................1.0
Ukraine..........................................1.1
Benin.............................................1.2
Burkina Faso .................................1.2
Estonia ..........................................1.2
Guyana ..........................................1.2
Thailand.........................................1.3
Barbados .......................................1.4
Trinidad and Tobago......................1.5
Jamaica .........................................1.7
Ghana............................................1.8
Haiti...............................................1.9
Angola ...........................................2.0
Gambia, The..................................2.0
Ethiopia .........................................2.1
Belize ............................................2.3
Rwanda .........................................2.9
Burundi..........................................3.3
Chad..............................................3.4
Cte dIvoire .................................3.4
Nigeria...........................................3.6
Cameroon .....................................5.3
Tanzania ........................................5.6
Kenya ............................................6.3
Uganda..........................................6.5
Malawi ........................................11.0
Mozambique ...............................11.5
Namibia .......................................13.1
Zambia ........................................13.5
Zimbabwe ...................................14.3
South Africa ................................17.8
Lesotho .......................................23.6
Botswana ....................................24.8
Swaziland ....................................25.9
SOURCE: UNAIDS, Global Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (2008 and 2010 editions); United Nations Development Programme, Human
1 2005
2 2007
3 2010
4.06
435
436
4.07
Infant mortality
Infant (children aged 012 months) mortality per 1,000 live births | 2009
RANK
1
2
3
4
4
4
7
8
9
9
9
12
13
14
14
16
16
16
19
19
19
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
41
43
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
53
55
56
56
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
66
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Luxembourg..................................1.5
Hong Kong SAR ............................1.7
Iceland...........................................1.8
Singapore ......................................2.3
Slovenia.........................................2.3
Sweden.........................................2.3
Japan.............................................2.4
Finland...........................................2.5
Czech Republic .............................2.8
Greece ..........................................2.8
Norway..........................................2.8
Portugal.........................................3.0
France ...........................................3.2
Austria...........................................3.3
Denmark .......................................3.3
Cyprus...........................................3.4
Israel .............................................3.4
Italy ...............................................3.4
Germany .......................................3.5
Ireland ...........................................3.5
Spain .............................................3.5
Netherlands...................................3.7
Belgium.........................................3.8
Switzerland ...................................4.0
Taiwan, China ...............................4.1
Australia ........................................4.3
Estonia ..........................................4.4
Croatia...........................................4.5
Korea, Rep. ...................................4.5
United Kingdom ............................4.6
New Zealand.................................4.8
Lithuania........................................5.0
Hungary.........................................5.1
Canada ..........................................5.3
Brunei Darussalam........................5.4
Poland ...........................................5.6
Malaysia ........................................5.7
Slovak Republic.............................5.8
Malta .............................................6.1
Serbia ............................................6.2
United Arab Emirates....................6.8
United States ................................6.8
Chile ..............................................7.0
Latvia.............................................7.0
Montenegro ..................................7.8
Kuwait ...........................................8.2
Bulgaria .........................................8.3
Puerto Rico1 .................................8.8
Oman ............................................9.1
Bahrain ..........................................9.5
Costa Rica.....................................9.6
Qatar .............................................9.7
Barbados .......................................9.8
Macedonia, FYR............................9.8
Romania ......................................10.0
Lebanon ......................................11.1
Russian Federation .....................11.1
Uruguay.......................................11.3
Thailand.......................................12.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............12.5
Sri Lanka .....................................12.7
Argentina.....................................13.0
Ukraine........................................13.3
Albania ........................................13.5
Syria ............................................14.2
El Salvador ..................................14.6
Moldova ......................................14.6
Mexico ........................................14.7
Venezuela....................................15.3
Mauritius .....................................15.4
Belize ..........................................15.7
72
73
74
75
76
77
77
79
80
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
92
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Panama .......................................15.9
Colombia .....................................16.2
China ...........................................16.6
Brazil ...........................................17.3
Tunisia.........................................17.9
Egypt...........................................18.2
Saudi Arabia ................................18.2
Turkey .........................................18.5
Paraguay .....................................19.4
Peru.............................................19.4
Vietnam.......................................19.5
Armenia.......................................19.6
Ecuador .......................................20.4
Jordan .........................................21.5
Nicaragua ....................................21.8
Cape Verde .................................23.3
Suriname.....................................23.6
Mongolia .....................................24.3
Honduras.....................................25.0
Kazakhstan ..................................25.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................25.9
Jamaica .......................................25.9
Georgia........................................26.0
Philippines...................................26.2
Dominican Republic ....................26.7
Guyana ........................................28.9
Algeria .........................................29.0
Azerbaijan....................................29.6
Indonesia.....................................29.8
Trinidad and Tobago....................31.1
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................32.1
Guatemala...................................32.6
Morocco......................................33.2
Namibia .......................................33.6
Nepal...........................................38.6
Bolivia..........................................39.7
Madagascar.................................40.5
Bangladesh .................................41.2
Botswana ....................................42.6
South Africa ................................43.1
Ghana..........................................46.7
Timor-Leste.................................48.1
India ............................................50.3
Senegal .......................................50.7
Yemen.........................................50.8
Tajikistan .....................................51.8
Swaziland ....................................52.0
Kenya ..........................................54.8
Zimbabwe ...................................56.3
Lesotho .......................................61.0
Haiti.............................................63.7
Ethiopia .......................................67.1
Cambodia ....................................68.0
Tanzania ......................................68.4
Malawi ........................................68.8
Rwanda .......................................70.4
Pakistan.......................................70.5
Mauritania ...................................74.3
Benin...........................................74.8
Gambia, The................................78.4
Uganda........................................79.4
Cte dIvoire ...............................83.1
Nigeria.........................................85.8
Zambia ........................................86.3
Burkina Faso ...............................90.8
Cameroon ...................................94.6
Mozambique ...............................95.9
Angola .........................................98.1
Mali ...........................................100.5
Burundi......................................101.3
Chad..........................................124.0
SOURCE: The World Bank, World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance Catalog (April 2011 edition); national sources
1 2010
Life expectancy
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
30
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Japan...........................................82.9
Hong Kong SAR ..........................82.7
Switzerland .................................82.0
Israel ...........................................81.6
Australia ......................................81.5
Spain ...........................................81.5
Iceland.........................................81.5
Italy .............................................81.4
Sweden.......................................81.4
Singapore ....................................81.3
Canada ........................................81.2
France .........................................81.1
Norway........................................80.8
Belgium.......................................80.6
Netherlands.................................80.5
New Zealand...............................80.3
Korea, Rep. .................................80.3
Greece ........................................80.2
Luxembourg................................80.1
Austria.........................................80.1
United Kingdom ..........................80.1
Germany .....................................79.9
Malta ...........................................79.9
Cyprus.........................................79.8
Finland.........................................79.7
Ireland .........................................79.5
Costa Rica...................................79.0
Taiwan, China .............................79.0
Slovenia.......................................79.0
Chile ............................................78.7
Portugal.......................................78.7
United States ..............................78.7
Puerto Rico .................................78.6
Denmark .....................................78.6
Kuwait .........................................78.1
United Arab Emirates..................77.9
Brunei Darussalam......................77.5
Barbados .....................................77.2
Czech Republic ...........................77.1
Albania ........................................76.8
Belize ..........................................76.6
Croatia.........................................76.1
Oman ..........................................76.1
Qatar ...........................................76.1
Uruguay.......................................76.1
Bahrain ........................................76.1
Panama .......................................75.8
Poland .........................................75.7
Argentina.....................................75.5
Mexico ........................................75.3
Ecuador .......................................75.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............75.3
Slovak Republic...........................74.9
Estonia ........................................74.8
Malaysia ......................................74.6
Vietnam.......................................74.6
Tunisia.........................................74.5
Syria ............................................74.4
Macedonia, FYR..........................74.4
Montenegro ................................74.3
Sri Lanka .....................................74.3
Hungary.......................................73.9
Venezuela....................................73.7
Armenia.......................................73.7
Serbia ..........................................73.7
Nicaragua ....................................73.5
Peru.............................................73.5
Saudi Arabia ................................73.4
Bulgaria .......................................73.4
China ...........................................73.3
Romania ......................................73.3
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Colombia .....................................73.2
Latvia...........................................73.1
Jordan .........................................72.9
Lithuania......................................72.9
Dominican Republic ....................72.7
Brazil ...........................................72.6
Mauritius .....................................72.6
Algeria .........................................72.6
Honduras.....................................72.4
Lebanon ......................................72.2
Philippines...................................72.1
Paraguay .....................................72.1
Jamaica .......................................72.1
Turkey .........................................72.1
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................71.7
Georgia........................................71.7
Morocco......................................71.6
El Salvador ..................................71.5
Cape Verde .................................71.3
Indonesia.....................................71.2
Guatemala...................................70.6
Azerbaijan....................................70.4
Egypt...........................................70.3
Trinidad and Tobago....................69.6
Suriname.....................................69.2
Ukraine........................................69.2
Thailand.......................................69.1
Russian Federation .....................68.9
Moldova ......................................68.6
Kazakhstan ..................................68.4
Guyana ........................................67.6
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................67.1
Nepal...........................................67.1
Tajikistan .....................................67.0
Mongolia .....................................66.9
Pakistan.......................................66.9
Bangladesh .................................66.6
Bolivia..........................................66.0
India ............................................64.1
Yemen.........................................63.4
Benin...........................................61.8
Namibia .......................................61.6
Timor-Leste.................................61.6
Cambodia ....................................61.5
Haiti.............................................61.4
Madagascar.................................60.8
Cte dIvoire ...............................58.0
Mauritania ...................................57.0
Ghana..........................................56.8
Tanzania ......................................56.3
Gambia, The................................56.2
Senegal .......................................55.9
Ethiopia .......................................55.7
Botswana ....................................55.0
Kenya ..........................................54.9
Malawi ........................................53.8
Uganda........................................53.4
Burkina Faso ...............................53.3
South Africa ................................51.6
Cameroon ...................................51.4
Burundi........................................50.9
Rwanda .......................................50.6
Chad............................................48.9
Mali .............................................48.8
Nigeria.........................................48.1
Mozambique ...............................48.1
Angola .........................................47.6
Zambia ........................................46.3
Swaziland ....................................46.3
Zimbabwe ...................................45.4
Lesotho .......................................45.4
SOURCE: The World Bank, World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance Catalog (April 2011 edition); national sources
4.08
437
438
4.09
How would you assess the quality of primary schools in your country? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent among the best in the world] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
Finland....................................... 6.7
Belgium..................................... 6.4
Singapore .................................. 6.1
Switzerland ............................... 5.9
Barbados ................................... 5.8
Iceland....................................... 5.8
New Zealand............................. 5.7
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.7
Canada ...................................... 5.6
Australia .................................... 5.6
Ireland ....................................... 5.6
Qatar ......................................... 5.6
Lebanon .................................... 5.6
Netherlands............................... 5.5
Estonia ...................................... 5.4
Malta ......................................... 5.2
Cyprus....................................... 5.2
Sweden..................................... 5.1
Japan......................................... 5.1
Brunei Darussalam.................... 5.0
Malaysia .................................... 5.0
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.0
United Kingdom ........................ 5.0
United Arab Emirates................ 4.9
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.9
Austria....................................... 4.9
Denmark ................................... 4.9
France ....................................... 4.8
Costa Rica................................. 4.8
Luxembourg.............................. 4.7
China ......................................... 4.7
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.7
Slovenia..................................... 4.7
Lithuania.................................... 4.7
Bahrain ...................................... 4.6
Germany ................................... 4.6
United States ............................ 4.6
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.6
Gambia, The.............................. 4.5
Tunisia....................................... 4.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.5
Italy ........................................... 4.5
Croatia....................................... 4.5
Norway...................................... 4.4
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.4
Latvia......................................... 4.4
Poland ....................................... 4.4
Oman ........................................ 4.4
Albania ...................................... 4.4
Montenegro .............................. 4.4
Czech Republic ......................... 4.3
Ukraine...................................... 4.2
Hungary..................................... 4.1
Indonesia................................... 4.1
Slovak Republic......................... 4.1
Guyana ...................................... 4.1
Botswana .................................. 4.0
Russian Federation ................... 4.0
Rwanda ..................................... 4.0
Jordan ....................................... 4.0
Portugal..................................... 4.0
Romania .................................... 4.0
Mauritius ................................... 4.0
Israel ......................................... 3.9
Cape Verde ............................... 3.9
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.9
Kenya ........................................ 3.9
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.8
Suriname................................... 3.8
Moldova .................................... 3.7
Uruguay..................................... 3.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Japan.........................................100.0
Spain ...........................................99.8
Georgia........................................99.6
United Kingdom ..........................99.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................99.5
Canada3 ......................................99.5
New Zealand...............................99.5
Greece ........................................99.4
China9 .........................................99.4
Burundi........................................98.9
Korea, Rep. .................................98.8
Netherlands.................................98.7
Portugal.......................................98.7
Cyprus.........................................98.7
Norway........................................98.7
Uruguay.......................................98.6
Argentina7 ...................................98.5
Madagascar.................................98.5
France .........................................98.4
Belgium.......................................98.4
Italy .............................................98.4
Mexico ........................................98.1
Taiwan, China10 ......................... 98.0
Tunisia.........................................97.9
Germany .....................................97.6
Iceland.........................................97.6
Slovak Republic9 .........................97.4
Tajikistan .....................................97.3
Bahrain ........................................97.3
Belize ..........................................97.3
Ireland .........................................97.1
Israel ...........................................97.1
Ecuador .......................................97.0
Panama .......................................97.0
Slovenia.......................................97.0
Australia ......................................96.9
Austria7 .......................................96.9
Singapore9 ..................................96.8
Honduras.....................................96.6
Tanzania ......................................96.4
Finland.........................................96.0
Rwanda .......................................95.9
Bulgaria .......................................95.8
Luxembourg................................95.7
Indonesia.....................................95.3
Poland .........................................95.2
Guyana ........................................95.2
Guatemala...................................95.1
Sri Lanka .....................................95.0
Chile ............................................94.9
Denmark .....................................94.8
Turkey .........................................94.7
Benin...........................................94.7
Sweden.......................................94.6
Syria5 ..........................................94.5
Peru.............................................94.4
Estonia ........................................94.4
Serbia ..........................................94.2
Switzerland .................................94.2
Brazil ...........................................94.2
Malaysia ......................................94.1
El Salvador ..................................94.0
Mauritius .....................................94.0
Vietnam4 .....................................94.0
Algeria .........................................93.8
Egypt...........................................93.6
Barbados7 ...................................93.6
Hong Kong SAR ..........................93.5
Qatar ...........................................93.4
Brunei Darussalam......................92.9
Latvia9 .........................................92.8
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (accessed May 4, 2011); UNICEF ChildInfo.org Country Profiles; UN Millennium Development Indicators; The
1 1991
2 1996
3 2000
4 2001
5 2002
6 2003
7 2005
8 2006
9 2009
10 2010
4.10
439
Data Tables
Section V
Higher education and training
442
5.01
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Australia ....................................149.3
Netherlands...............................120.7
Spain .........................................119.9
Denmark ...................................118.6
New Zealand.............................118.5
Ireland .......................................115.0
France .......................................113.2
Norway......................................111.6
Finland.......................................110.3
Iceland.......................................110.1
Georgia8 ....................................108.5
Belgium.....................................108.3
Portugal.....................................103.7
Sweden.....................................103.5
Guyana8 ....................................103.4
Barbados5 .................................103.1
Singapore8 ................................103.0
Kazakhstan9 ..............................103.0
Greece7.....................................101.8
Germany ...................................101.7
Canada6 ....................................101.3
Japan.........................................100.9
Brazil .........................................100.8
Italy ...........................................100.5
Taiwan, China9..........................100.3
Malta .........................................100.3
Austria.......................................100.0
Poland .........................................99.6
Azerbaijan8 ..................................99.4
Estonia ........................................99.3
United Kingdom ..........................99.0
Lithuania......................................99.0
Montenegro8 ..............................98.4
Cyprus.........................................98.3
Brunei Darussalam8 ....................98.2
Latvia...........................................98.0
Hungary.......................................97.4
Korea, Rep. .................................97.2
Slovenia.......................................96.8
Saudi Arabia8 ..............................96.8
Bahrain8 ......................................96.4
Costa Rica8 .................................96.1
Switzerland .................................96.1
Luxembourg................................96.0
United Arab Emirates8 ................95.2
Czech Republic ...........................94.9
Colombia8 ...................................94.6
Ukraine8 ......................................94.5
Croatia.........................................94.3
United States ..............................94.1
South Africa8 ..............................93.9
Armenia8 .....................................93.1
Mongolia8 ...................................92.2
Slovak Republic...........................92.1
Tunisia.........................................91.8
Romania ......................................91.6
Serbia8 ........................................91.5
Oman8 ........................................91.3
Jamaica .......................................91.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina8............91.2
Chile ............................................90.4
Israel ...........................................90.0
Kuwait8 .......................................89.9
Mexico ........................................89.9
Peru.............................................89.1
Trinidad and Tobago....................88.8
Bulgaria .......................................88.6
Jordan .........................................88.2
Moldova8 ....................................88.1
Uruguay.......................................87.9
Mauritius8 ...................................87.2
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (accessed May 4, 2011); UNICEF ChildInfo.org Country Profiles; The World Bank, EdStats Database
(accessed July 8, 2011); national sources and The World Development Indicators 2009 (CD-Rom edition)
1 1991
2 2001
3 2002
4 2004
5 2005
6 2006
7 2007
8 2009
9 2010
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Malta ...........................................32.2
Algeria9 .......................................30.6
United Arab Emirates9 ................30.4
Philippines...................................28.7
Paraguay8....................................28.6
Egypt...........................................28.5
Syria9 ..........................................27.4
Mexico ........................................27.2
Oman9 ........................................26.4
Mauritius .....................................25.9
Georgia9 ......................................25.5
Costa Rica6 .................................25.3
El Salvador ..................................24.6
China9 .........................................24.5
Jamaica .......................................24.2
Indonesia9 ...................................23.5
Tajikistan9 ...................................19.8
Albania5.......................................19.3
Azerbaijan9 ..................................19.1
Kuwait5 .......................................18.9
Honduras.....................................18.7
Nicaragua4 ..................................18.0
Guatemala8 .................................17.7
Brunei Darussalam9 ....................17.1
Sri Lanka8 ...................................17.1
South Africa7 ..............................15.4
Timor-Leste9 ...............................15.2
Cape Verde9 ...............................14.9
India8...........................................13.5
Morocco9 ....................................12.9
Suriname3 ...................................12.3
Trinidad and Tobago6 ..................11.6
Guyana9 ......................................11.2
Belize9.........................................11.2
Qatar9 .........................................10.2
Yemen8 .......................................10.2
Nigeria6 .......................................10.1
Luxembourg7 ..............................10.0
Vietnam2 .......................................9.7
Cameroon9....................................9.0
Namibia .........................................8.9
Ghana9 ..........................................8.6
Cte dIvoire8................................8.4
Senegal9 .......................................8.0
Bangladesh9..................................7.9
Botswana7 ....................................7.6
Cambodia ......................................7.0
Pakistan9 .......................................6.4
Mali9 .............................................6.0
Benin7 ...........................................5.8
Nepal5 ...........................................5.6
Rwanda9 .......................................4.8
Gambia, The..................................4.6
Swaziland7 ....................................4.4
Uganda9 ........................................4.1
Kenya9 ..........................................4.1
Mauritania9 ...................................3.8
Lesotho7 .......................................3.6
Ethiopia .........................................3.6
Madagascar9 .................................3.6
Burkina Faso9 ...............................3.4
Zimbabwe7 ...................................3.0
Angola7 .........................................2.8
Burundi9 ........................................2.7
Zambia1.........................................2.4
Chad9 ............................................2.0
Mozambique6 ...............................1.5
Tanzania6 ......................................1.4
Malawi8.........................................0.5
Germany .......................................n/a
Haiti...............................................n/a
SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (accessed May 4, 2011); UNICEF ChildInfo.org Country Profiles; The World Bank, EdStats Database
(accessed July 8, 2011); national sources and The World Development Indicators 2009 (CD-Rom edition)
1 2000
2 2001
3 2002
4 2003
5 2004
6 2005
7 2006
8 2007
9 2009
10 2010
5.02
443
444
5.03
How well does the educational system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy? [1 = not well at all; 7 = very well] | 201011 weighted
average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
How would you assess the quality of math and science education in your countrys schools? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent among the best in the world] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
5.04
445
446
5.05
How would you assess the quality of management or business schools in your country? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent among the best in the world] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
Belgium..................................... 6.1
United Kingdom ........................ 6.0
Switzerland ............................... 6.0
Canada ...................................... 5.8
France ....................................... 5.7
Spain ......................................... 5.7
Qatar ......................................... 5.7
Singapore .................................. 5.6
Sweden..................................... 5.5
Netherlands............................... 5.5
Iceland....................................... 5.5
United States ............................ 5.4
South Africa .............................. 5.4
Chile .......................................... 5.4
Australia .................................... 5.4
Finland....................................... 5.3
Israel ......................................... 5.3
Lebanon .................................... 5.3
Denmark ................................... 5.2
Costa Rica................................. 5.2
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.2
Argentina................................... 5.1
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.1
New Zealand............................. 5.1
Portugal..................................... 5.1
Barbados ................................... 5.0
Malaysia .................................... 5.0
Norway...................................... 5.0
Ireland ....................................... 4.9
India .......................................... 4.9
Tunisia....................................... 4.9
Malta ......................................... 4.8
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.8
Austria....................................... 4.8
Italy ........................................... 4.8
Germany ................................... 4.8
Senegal ..................................... 4.8
United Arab Emirates................ 4.7
Gambia, The.............................. 4.7
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.7
Uruguay..................................... 4.7
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.7
Peru........................................... 4.7
Guatemala................................. 4.6
Montenegro .............................. 4.6
Kenya ........................................ 4.6
Cyprus....................................... 4.6
Estonia ...................................... 4.6
Mexico ...................................... 4.5
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.5
Morocco.................................... 4.5
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.5
Colombia ................................... 4.4
Slovenia..................................... 4.4
Philippines................................. 4.4
Benin......................................... 4.4
Japan......................................... 4.3
Luxembourg.............................. 4.3
China ......................................... 4.3
Bahrain ...................................... 4.3
Brazil ......................................... 4.3
Venezuela.................................. 4.3
Jamaica ..................................... 4.2
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.2
Cameroon ................................. 4.2
Lithuania.................................... 4.2
Latvia......................................... 4.2
Indonesia................................... 4.2
Albania ...................................... 4.2
Zimbabwe ................................. 4.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Ghana........................................ 4.1
Thailand..................................... 4.1
Guyana ...................................... 4.1
Suriname................................... 4.1
Zambia ...................................... 4.0
Hungary..................................... 4.0
Poland ....................................... 4.0
Pakistan..................................... 4.0
Nigeria....................................... 4.0
Malawi ...................................... 4.0
Czech Republic ......................... 4.0
Croatia....................................... 3.9
Rwanda ..................................... 3.9
Jordan ....................................... 3.9
Uganda...................................... 3.9
Mauritius ................................... 3.9
El Salvador ................................ 3.9
Dominican Republic .................. 3.9
Bangladesh ............................... 3.9
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.8
Romania .................................... 3.8
Ecuador ..................................... 3.8
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.7
Botswana .................................. 3.7
Cte dIvoire ............................. 3.7
Oman ........................................ 3.7
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.7
Kuwait ....................................... 3.7
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.7
Algeria ....................................... 3.7
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.7
Madagascar............................... 3.7
Greece ...................................... 3.7
Panama ..................................... 3.6
Slovak Republic......................... 3.6
Russian Federation ................... 3.6
Syria .......................................... 3.6
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.6
Turkey ....................................... 3.6
Nicaragua .................................. 3.6
Cambodia .................................. 3.5
Honduras................................... 3.5
Serbia ........................................ 3.5
Georgia...................................... 3.4
Ukraine...................................... 3.4
Tanzania .................................... 3.4
Mali ........................................... 3.4
Cape Verde ............................... 3.4
Belize ........................................ 3.4
Mozambique ............................. 3.3
Bolivia........................................ 3.3
Vietnam..................................... 3.3
Moldova .................................... 3.3
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.2
Nepal......................................... 3.2
Chad.......................................... 3.2
Tajikistan ................................... 3.2
Namibia ..................................... 3.1
Paraguay ................................... 3.1
Armenia..................................... 3.1
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.0
Egypt......................................... 3.0
Lesotho ..................................... 2.9
Mongolia ................................... 2.8
Haiti........................................... 2.7
Burundi...................................... 2.6
Swaziland .................................. 2.6
Mauritania ................................. 2.5
Yemen....................................... 2.4
Timor-Leste............................... 2.1
Angola ....................................... 1.8
MEAN: 4.2
How would you rate the level of access to the Internet in schools in your country? [1 = very limited; 7 = extensive] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
Iceland....................................... 6.6
Sweden..................................... 6.4
Estonia ...................................... 6.4
Finland....................................... 6.4
Netherlands............................... 6.3
Singapore .................................. 6.3
Qatar ......................................... 6.3
Denmark ................................... 6.2
Switzerland ............................... 6.2
Korea, Rep. ............................... 6.2
Uruguay..................................... 6.2
United Kingdom ........................ 6.1
Taiwan, China ........................... 6.1
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 6.1
Canada ...................................... 6.1
Malta ......................................... 6.0
Norway...................................... 5.9
Austria....................................... 5.9
Australia .................................... 5.9
Belgium..................................... 5.9
Czech Republic ......................... 5.8
Luxembourg.............................. 5.8
New Zealand............................. 5.8
United States ............................ 5.8
Slovenia..................................... 5.8
Portugal..................................... 5.7
Lithuania.................................... 5.7
China ......................................... 5.7
United Arab Emirates................ 5.7
Barbados ................................... 5.5
Hungary..................................... 5.4
Bahrain ...................................... 5.4
Israel ......................................... 5.3
Latvia......................................... 5.3
Slovak Republic......................... 5.3
Malaysia .................................... 5.2
Brunei Darussalam.................... 5.1
Cyprus....................................... 5.0
Japan......................................... 4.9
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.9
Germany ................................... 4.9
Vietnam..................................... 4.9
Croatia....................................... 4.8
Oman ........................................ 4.8
Chile .......................................... 4.8
Macedonia, FYR........................ 4.8
Bulgaria ..................................... 4.8
Poland ....................................... 4.7
Indonesia................................... 4.7
Spain ......................................... 4.6
France ....................................... 4.6
Jordan ....................................... 4.6
Tunisia....................................... 4.5
Thailand..................................... 4.5
Montenegro .............................. 4.5
Panama ..................................... 4.5
Albania ...................................... 4.4
Romania .................................... 4.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.4
Ireland ....................................... 4.3
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.3
Russian Federation ................... 4.3
Moldova .................................... 4.3
Turkey ....................................... 4.3
Kuwait ....................................... 4.2
Costa Rica................................. 4.2
Georgia...................................... 4.1
Colombia ................................... 4.1
Mongolia ................................... 4.1
Ukraine...................................... 4.1
Senegal ..................................... 4.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
5.06
447
448
5.07
In your country, to what extent are high-quality, specialized training services available? [1 = not available; 7 = widely available] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Cyprus....................................... 4.1
Peru........................................... 4.1
Thailand..................................... 4.1
Hungary..................................... 4.0
Mauritius ................................... 4.0
Russian Federation ................... 4.0
Cameroon ................................. 4.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.0
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.9
Zambia ...................................... 3.9
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.9
Egypt......................................... 3.9
El Salvador ................................ 3.9
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.8
Kuwait ....................................... 3.8
Montenegro .............................. 3.8
Ukraine...................................... 3.8
Greece ...................................... 3.8
Oman ........................................ 3.8
Honduras................................... 3.7
Dominican Republic .................. 3.7
Guyana ...................................... 3.6
Malawi ...................................... 3.6
Tajikistan ................................... 3.6
Cambodia .................................. 3.6
Ghana........................................ 3.6
Pakistan..................................... 3.5
Uganda...................................... 3.5
Albania ...................................... 3.5
Moldova .................................... 3.5
Ecuador ..................................... 3.5
Jamaica ..................................... 3.5
Mali ........................................... 3.4
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.4
Tanzania .................................... 3.4
Botswana .................................. 3.4
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.4
Rwanda ..................................... 3.4
Syria .......................................... 3.4
Bolivia........................................ 3.3
Romania .................................... 3.3
Serbia ........................................ 3.2
Armenia..................................... 3.2
Georgia...................................... 3.2
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.2
Venezuela.................................. 3.1
Paraguay ................................... 3.1
Vietnam..................................... 3.1
Nicaragua .................................. 3.1
Mozambique ............................. 3.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.0
Madagascar............................... 3.0
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.0
Algeria ....................................... 3.0
Cape Verde ............................... 3.0
Chad.......................................... 3.0
Namibia ..................................... 2.9
Suriname................................... 2.9
Nepal......................................... 2.9
Timor-Leste............................... 2.7
Lesotho ..................................... 2.7
Bangladesh ............................... 2.7
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.6
Mauritania ................................. 2.6
Belize ........................................ 2.6
Yemen....................................... 2.5
Swaziland .................................. 2.5
Haiti........................................... 2.3
Angola ....................................... 2.2
Mongolia ................................... 2.2
Burundi...................................... 2.2
MEAN: 4.1
To what extent do companies in your country invest in training and employee development? [1 = hardly at all; 7 = to a great extent] | 201011 weighted
average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Portugal..................................... 3.9
Uruguay..................................... 3.9
Morocco.................................... 3.9
Peru........................................... 3.9
Argentina................................... 3.9
El Salvador ................................ 3.9
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.9
Romania .................................... 3.8
Mexico ...................................... 3.8
Ghana........................................ 3.8
Russian Federation ................... 3.8
Slovenia..................................... 3.8
Colombia ................................... 3.7
Zambia ...................................... 3.7
Turkey ....................................... 3.7
Slovak Republic......................... 3.7
Lesotho ..................................... 3.7
Angola ....................................... 3.7
Spain ......................................... 3.7
Tanzania .................................... 3.6
Swaziland .................................. 3.6
Ecuador ..................................... 3.6
Venezuela.................................. 3.6
Cameroon ................................. 3.6
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.6
Cambodia .................................. 3.6
Lebanon .................................... 3.6
Dominican Republic .................. 3.6
Uganda...................................... 3.6
Paraguay ................................... 3.5
Kuwait ....................................... 3.5
Jordan ....................................... 3.5
Nicaragua .................................. 3.5
Armenia..................................... 3.5
Georgia...................................... 3.5
Vietnam..................................... 3.5
Tajikistan ................................... 3.5
Pakistan..................................... 3.5
Benin......................................... 3.4
Hungary..................................... 3.4
Senegal ..................................... 3.4
Bolivia........................................ 3.4
Greece ...................................... 3.4
Madagascar............................... 3.3
Cape Verde ............................... 3.3
Ukraine...................................... 3.3
Moldova .................................... 3.3
Mozambique ............................. 3.3
Italy ........................................... 3.3
Bangladesh ............................... 3.3
Mali ........................................... 3.3
Belize ........................................ 3.2
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.2
Croatia....................................... 3.2
Algeria ....................................... 3.1
Timor-Leste............................... 3.1
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.1
Chad.......................................... 3.1
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.1
Egypt......................................... 3.0
Serbia ........................................ 2.9
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 2.9
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.9
Yemen....................................... 2.9
Nepal......................................... 2.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 2.7
Burkina Faso ............................. 2.7
Burundi...................................... 2.6
Syria .......................................... 2.6
Mauritania ................................. 2.4
Haiti........................................... 2.3
MEAN: 4.0
5.08
449
Data Tables
Section VI
Goods market efficiency
452
6.01
How would you assess the intensity of competition in the local markets in your country? [1 = limited in most industries; 7 = intense in most industries] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.8
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.8
How would you characterize corporate activity in your country? [1 = dominated by a few business groups; 7 = spread among many firms] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
6.02
453
454
6.03
To what extent does anti-monopoly policy promote competition in your country? [1 = does not promote competition; 7 = effectively promotes competition] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.0
Sweden..................................... 5.8
Netherlands............................... 5.8
United Kingdom ........................ 5.5
Finland....................................... 5.5
Denmark ................................... 5.5
New Zealand............................. 5.4
South Africa .............................. 5.3
Bahrain ...................................... 5.3
Japan......................................... 5.2
France ....................................... 5.2
Singapore .................................. 5.2
Canada ...................................... 5.2
Austria....................................... 5.1
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.1
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.1
Norway...................................... 5.0
United States ............................ 5.0
Belgium..................................... 5.0
Chile .......................................... 4.9
Luxembourg.............................. 4.9
Switzerland ............................... 4.9
Australia .................................... 4.9
Germany ................................... 4.9
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.8
Malaysia .................................... 4.8
Ireland ....................................... 4.8
Qatar ......................................... 4.7
Tunisia....................................... 4.7
United Arab Emirates................ 4.6
Panama ..................................... 4.6
India .......................................... 4.6
Oman ........................................ 4.6
Turkey ....................................... 4.6
Brazil ......................................... 4.6
Iceland....................................... 4.6
Spain ......................................... 4.5
Malta ......................................... 4.5
Barbados ................................... 4.4
Israel ......................................... 4.4
Benin......................................... 4.4
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.4
Rwanda ..................................... 4.4
Estonia ...................................... 4.4
Cyprus....................................... 4.3
Mauritius ................................... 4.3
Zambia ...................................... 4.3
Czech Republic ......................... 4.3
China ......................................... 4.3
Poland ....................................... 4.3
Cameroon ................................. 4.3
Namibia ..................................... 4.3
Slovenia..................................... 4.3
Indonesia................................... 4.3
Nigeria....................................... 4.3
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.2
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.2
Costa Rica................................. 4.2
Portugal..................................... 4.2
Kenya ........................................ 4.2
Gambia, The.............................. 4.2
Ghana........................................ 4.1
Uganda...................................... 4.1
Peru........................................... 4.1
Jordan ....................................... 4.1
Malawi ...................................... 4.1
Slovak Republic......................... 4.1
Pakistan..................................... 4.1
Morocco.................................... 4.0
Jamaica ..................................... 4.0
Cambodia .................................. 4.0
Tanzania .................................... 4.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Latvia......................................... 4.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.0
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.0
Burkina Faso ............................. 4.0
Hungary..................................... 4.0
Thailand..................................... 3.9
Senegal ..................................... 3.9
Montenegro .............................. 3.9
Kuwait ....................................... 3.8
Colombia ................................... 3.8
Botswana .................................. 3.8
Greece ...................................... 3.8
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.8
Vietnam..................................... 3.8
Italy ........................................... 3.7
Albania ...................................... 3.7
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.7
Cape Verde ............................... 3.7
Syria .......................................... 3.7
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.7
Uruguay..................................... 3.7
Romania .................................... 3.7
Croatia....................................... 3.7
Tajikistan ................................... 3.6
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.6
Guyana ...................................... 3.6
Philippines................................. 3.6
Lithuania.................................... 3.6
Timor-Leste............................... 3.6
Honduras................................... 3.6
El Salvador ................................ 3.5
Mali ........................................... 3.5
Guatemala................................. 3.5
Bangladesh ............................... 3.5
Swaziland .................................. 3.5
Nepal......................................... 3.4
Cte dIvoire ............................. 3.4
Lesotho ..................................... 3.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.4
Russian Federation ................... 3.4
Mozambique ............................. 3.3
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.3
Algeria ....................................... 3.3
Bolivia........................................ 3.3
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.3
Ecuador ..................................... 3.3
Mongolia ................................... 3.3
Lebanon .................................... 3.3
Mexico ...................................... 3.2
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.2
Dominican Republic .................. 3.2
Moldova .................................... 3.2
Egypt......................................... 3.2
Argentina................................... 3.1
Mauritania ................................. 3.1
Nicaragua .................................. 3.1
Madagascar............................... 3.1
Chad.......................................... 3.1
Paraguay ................................... 3.0
Belize ........................................ 3.0
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.0
Suriname................................... 2.9
Burundi...................................... 2.9
Georgia...................................... 2.9
Ukraine...................................... 2.8
Serbia ........................................ 2.8
Armenia..................................... 2.8
Haiti........................................... 2.6
Venezuela.................................. 2.5
Yemen....................................... 2.5
Angola ....................................... 2.3
MEAN: 4.0
What impact does the level of taxes in your country have on incentives to work or invest? [1 = significantly limits incentives to work or invest; 7 = has no
impact on incentives to work or invest] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.4
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.4
Tanzania .................................... 3.4
Austria....................................... 3.4
Cape Verde ............................... 3.4
Mozambique ............................. 3.4
Guyana ...................................... 3.3
Uganda...................................... 3.3
Germany ................................... 3.3
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.3
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.3
Mexico ...................................... 3.3
Honduras................................... 3.3
Suriname................................... 3.3
Uruguay..................................... 3.3
Bolivia........................................ 3.3
Australia .................................... 3.3
Benin......................................... 3.2
Mauritania ................................. 3.2
Korea, Rep. ............................... 3.2
Cte dIvoire ............................. 3.2
Swaziland .................................. 3.2
United Kingdom ........................ 3.2
Lesotho ..................................... 3.2
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.2
Malawi ...................................... 3.2
Madagascar............................... 3.2
Jordan ....................................... 3.2
Morocco.................................... 3.2
Nicaragua .................................. 3.1
Japan......................................... 3.1
El Salvador ................................ 3.1
Puerto Rico ............................... 3.1
Finland....................................... 3.1
Russian Federation ................... 3.1
Poland ....................................... 3.1
Kenya ........................................ 3.0
Venezuela.................................. 3.0
Spain ......................................... 3.0
Latvia......................................... 3.0
Mali ........................................... 3.0
Sweden..................................... 3.0
Iceland....................................... 3.0
Senegal ..................................... 3.0
Cameroon ................................. 2.9
Haiti........................................... 2.9
Serbia ........................................ 2.9
Ecuador ..................................... 2.9
Colombia ................................... 2.9
Jamaica ..................................... 2.9
Turkey ....................................... 2.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 2.8
Lithuania.................................... 2.8
Dominican Republic .................. 2.8
France ....................................... 2.8
Chad.......................................... 2.8
Greece ...................................... 2.8
Slovenia..................................... 2.7
Denmark ................................... 2.7
Hungary..................................... 2.5
Belize ........................................ 2.5
Yemen....................................... 2.5
Portugal..................................... 2.5
Romania .................................... 2.5
Burundi...................................... 2.5
Belgium..................................... 2.3
Argentina................................... 2.3
Italy ........................................... 2.2
Croatia....................................... 2.2
Ukraine...................................... 2.2
Brazil ......................................... 2.1
MEAN: 3.6
6.04
455
456
6.05
This variable is a combination of profit tax (% of profits), labor tax and contribution (% of profits), and other taxes (% of profits) | 2010
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
18
19
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
29
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
46
48
49
50
51
51
53
53
53
56
57
58
59
60
61
61
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Timor-Leste...................................0.2
Namibia .........................................9.6
Macedonia, FYR..........................10.6
Qatar ...........................................11.3
United Arab Emirates..................14.1
Saudi Arabia ................................14.5
Bahrain ........................................15.0
Georgia........................................15.3
Kuwait .........................................15.5
Zambia ........................................16.1
Botswana ....................................19.5
Lesotho .......................................19.6
Luxembourg................................21.1
Oman ..........................................21.6
Cambodia ....................................22.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............23.0
Mongolia .....................................23.0
Cyprus.........................................23.2
Hong Kong SAR ..........................24.1
Mauritius .....................................24.1
Chile ............................................25.0
Malawi ........................................25.1
Singapore ....................................25.4
Ireland .........................................26.5
Montenegro ................................26.6
Iceland.........................................26.8
Suriname.....................................27.9
Bulgaria .......................................29.0
Canada ........................................29.2
Denmark .....................................29.2
Kazakhstan ..................................29.6
Brunei Darussalam......................29.8
Korea, Rep. .................................29.8
Switzerland .................................30.1
Lebanon ......................................30.2
South Africa ................................30.5
Moldova ......................................30.9
Ethiopia .......................................31.1
Jordan .........................................31.2
Rwanda .......................................31.3
Pakistan.......................................31.6
Israel ...........................................31.7
Nigeria.........................................32.2
Croatia.........................................32.5
Ghana..........................................32.7
Trinidad and Tobago....................33.1
Vietnam.......................................33.1
Belize ..........................................33.2
Malaysia ......................................33.7
Serbia ..........................................34.0
Mozambique ...............................34.3
New Zealand...............................34.3
Bangladesh .................................35.0
El Salvador ..................................35.0
Paraguay .....................................35.0
Ecuador .......................................35.3
Slovenia.......................................35.4
Uganda........................................35.7
Swaziland ....................................36.8
Cape Verde .................................37.1
Indonesia.....................................37.3
United Kingdom ..........................37.3
Thailand.......................................37.4
Madagascar.................................37.7
Nepal...........................................38.2
Latvia...........................................38.5
Lithuania......................................38.7
Guyana ........................................38.9
Haiti.............................................40.1
Peru.............................................40.2
Zimbabwe ...................................40.3
72
73
74
74
76
76
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
108
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
117
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Netherlands.................................40.5
Albania ........................................40.6
Armenia.......................................40.7
Dominican Republic ....................40.7
Azerbaijan....................................40.9
Guatemala...................................40.9
Norway........................................41.6
Morocco......................................41.7
Taiwan, China .............................41.9
Uruguay.......................................42.0
Poland .........................................42.3
Egypt...........................................42.6
Syria ............................................42.9
Portugal.......................................43.3
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................44.1
Cte dIvoire ...............................44.4
Turkey .........................................44.5
Finland.........................................44.6
Burkina Faso ...............................44.9
Romania ......................................44.9
Tanzania ......................................45.2
Philippines...................................45.8
Senegal .......................................46.0
Russian Federation .....................46.5
United States ..............................46.8
Greece ........................................47.2
Yemen.........................................47.8
Australia ......................................47.9
Germany .....................................48.2
Honduras.....................................48.3
Japan...........................................48.6
Slovak Republic...........................48.7
Czech Republic ...........................48.8
Cameroon ...................................49.1
Estonia ........................................49.6
Kenya ..........................................49.7
Jamaica .......................................50.1
Panama .......................................50.1
Mexico ........................................50.5
Mali .............................................52.2
Venezuela....................................52.6
Angola .........................................53.2
Hungary.......................................53.3
Sweden.......................................54.6
Costa Rica...................................55.0
Austria.........................................55.5
Ukraine........................................55.5
Spain ...........................................56.5
Belgium.......................................57.0
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................57.2
Tunisia.........................................62.8
Nicaragua ....................................63.2
India ............................................63.3
China ...........................................63.5
Sri Lanka .....................................64.7
Chad............................................65.4
France .........................................65.8
Benin...........................................66.0
Puerto Rico .................................67.7
Mauritania ...................................68.4
Italy .............................................68.6
Brazil ...........................................69.0
Algeria .........................................72.0
Colombia .....................................78.7
Bolivia..........................................80.0
Tajikistan .....................................86.0
Argentina...................................108.2
Burundi......................................153.4
Gambia, The..............................292.3
Barbados .......................................n/a
Malta .............................................n/a
SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2011: Making a Difference for Entrepreneurs
RANK
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Canada .............................................1
New Zealand....................................1
Australia ...........................................2
Kyrgyz Republic ...............................2
Madagascar......................................2
Rwanda ............................................2
Slovenia............................................2
Belgium............................................3
Finland..............................................3
Georgia.............................................3
Hong Kong SAR ...............................3
Macedonia, FYR...............................3
Singapore .........................................3
Sweden............................................3
Bulgaria ............................................4
Burkina Faso ....................................4
Denmark ..........................................4
Hungary............................................4
Ireland ..............................................4
Saudi Arabia .....................................4
Senegal ............................................4
Sri Lanka ..........................................4
Albania .............................................5
Estonia .............................................5
Ethiopia ............................................5
France ..............................................5
Iceland..............................................5
Israel ................................................5
Latvia................................................5
Lebanon ...........................................5
Mauritius ..........................................5
Norway.............................................5
Oman ...............................................5
Armenia............................................6
Azerbaijan.........................................6
Cameroon ........................................6
Croatia..............................................6
Cyprus..............................................6
Egypt................................................6
Iran, Islamic Rep. .............................6
Italy ..................................................6
Jamaica ............................................6
Kazakhstan .......................................6
Lithuania...........................................6
Luxembourg.....................................6
Mali ..................................................6
Mexico .............................................6
Morocco...........................................6
Netherlands......................................6
Nicaragua .........................................6
Panama ............................................6
Peru..................................................6
Poland ..............................................6
Portugal............................................6
Romania ...........................................6
Slovak Republic................................6
South Africa .....................................6
Switzerland ......................................6
Taiwan, China ..................................6
Turkey ..............................................6
United Kingdom ...............................6
United States ...................................6
Yemen..............................................6
Zambia .............................................6
Bahrain .............................................7
Bangladesh ......................................7
Benin................................................7
Ghana...............................................7
Lesotho ............................................7
Mongolia ..........................................7
Montenegro .....................................7
65
65
65
65
65
65
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
116
116
116
119
119
119
119
119
119
125
125
125
125
125
125
131
131
131
134
134
134
134
134
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Nepal................................................7
Paraguay ..........................................7
Puerto Rico ......................................7
Serbia ...............................................7
Syria .................................................7
Thailand............................................7
Angola ..............................................8
Austria..............................................8
Cape Verde ......................................8
Chile .................................................8
Dominican Republic .........................8
El Salvador .......................................8
Gambia, The.....................................8
Guyana .............................................8
Japan................................................8
Jordan ..............................................8
Korea, Rep. ......................................8
Moldova ...........................................8
Nigeria..............................................8
Qatar ................................................8
Tajikistan ..........................................8
United Arab Emirates.......................8
Belize ...............................................9
Cambodia .........................................9
Colombia ..........................................9
Czech Republic ................................9
Germany ..........................................9
Indonesia..........................................9
Malaysia ...........................................9
Mauritania ........................................9
Mozambique ....................................9
Russian Federation ..........................9
Trinidad and Tobago.........................9
Vietnam............................................9
Zimbabwe ........................................9
Botswana .......................................10
Cte dIvoire ..................................10
Malawi ...........................................10
Namibia ..........................................10
Pakistan..........................................10
Spain ..............................................10
Timor-Leste....................................10
Tunisia............................................10
Ukraine...........................................10
Burundi...........................................11
Kenya .............................................11
Uruguay..........................................11
Bosnia and Herzegovina ................12
Costa Rica......................................12
Guatemala......................................12
India ...............................................12
Swaziland .......................................12
Tanzania .........................................12
Chad...............................................13
Ecuador ..........................................13
Haiti................................................13
Honduras........................................13
Kuwait ............................................13
Suriname........................................13
Algeria ............................................14
Argentina........................................14
China ..............................................14
Bolivia.............................................15
Brazil ..............................................15
Brunei Darussalam.........................15
Greece ...........................................15
Philippines......................................15
Venezuela.......................................17
Uganda...........................................18
Barbados .......................................n/a
Malta .............................................n/a
SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2011: Making a Difference for Entrepreneurs
6.06
457
458
6.07
RANK
1
2
3
3
3
3
7
7
9
9
9
9
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
35
35
35
35
35
40
40
40
40
44
44
46
46
46
46
46
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
58
58
58
58
58
63
63
63
63
63
68
68
70
70
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
New Zealand....................................1
Australia ...........................................2
Georgia.............................................3
Macedonia, FYR...............................3
Rwanda ............................................3
Singapore .........................................3
Belgium............................................4
Hungary............................................4
Albania .............................................5
Canada .............................................5
Iceland..............................................5
Saudi Arabia .....................................5
Denmark ..........................................6
Hong Kong SAR ...............................6
Italy ..................................................6
Mauritius ..........................................6
Portugal............................................6
Slovenia............................................6
Turkey ..............................................6
United States ...................................6
Croatia..............................................7
Egypt................................................7
Estonia .............................................7
France ..............................................7
Madagascar......................................7
Norway.............................................7
Puerto Rico ......................................7
Azerbaijan.........................................8
Cyprus..............................................8
Iran, Islamic Rep. .............................8
Jamaica ............................................8
Mali ..................................................8
Netherlands......................................8
Senegal ............................................8
Bahrain .............................................9
Ethiopia ............................................9
Lebanon ...........................................9
Mexico .............................................9
Panama ............................................9
Kyrgyz Republic .............................10
Moldova .........................................10
Montenegro ...................................10
Romania .........................................10
Cape Verde ....................................11
Tunisia............................................11
Ghana.............................................12
Morocco.........................................12
Oman .............................................12
Qatar ..............................................12
Yemen............................................12
Ireland ............................................13
Jordan ............................................13
Mongolia ........................................13
Mozambique ..................................13
Serbia .............................................13
Syria ...............................................13
United Kingdom .............................13
Burkina Faso ..................................14
Colombia ........................................14
Finland............................................14
Honduras........................................14
Korea, Rep. ....................................14
Armenia..........................................15
Germany ........................................15
Sweden..........................................15
Taiwan, China ................................15
United Arab Emirates.....................15
Latvia..............................................16
Slovak Republic..............................16
El Salvador .....................................17
Malaysia .........................................17
72
72
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
81
81
83
84
84
84
87
88
89
90
91
91
91
91
95
96
96
98
98
100
100
100
103
103
103
106
107
108
108
108
111
112
112
114
114
116
116
118
119
119
121
121
123
124
125
125
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
136
138
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Bulgaria ..........................................18
Zambia ...........................................18
Bangladesh ....................................19
Cameroon ......................................19
Dominican Republic .......................19
Greece ...........................................19
Kazakhstan .....................................19
Luxembourg...................................19
Mauritania ......................................19
Czech Republic ..............................20
Switzerland ....................................20
Pakistan..........................................21
Chile ...............................................22
Lithuania.........................................22
South Africa ...................................22
Japan..............................................23
Algeria ............................................24
Uganda...........................................25
Argentina........................................26
Gambia, The...................................27
Peru................................................27
Tajikistan ........................................27
Ukraine...........................................27
Austria............................................28
India ...............................................29
Tanzania .........................................29
Guyana ...........................................30
Russian Federation ........................30
Benin..............................................31
Nepal..............................................31
Nigeria............................................31
Burundi...........................................32
Poland ............................................32
Thailand..........................................32
Kenya .............................................33
Israel ..............................................34
Kuwait ............................................35
Paraguay ........................................35
Sri Lanka ........................................35
Guatemala......................................37
China ..............................................38
Philippines......................................38
Malawi ...........................................39
Nicaragua .......................................39
Cte dIvoire ..................................40
Lesotho ..........................................40
Trinidad and Tobago.......................43
Belize .............................................44
Vietnam..........................................44
Indonesia........................................47
Spain ..............................................47
Bolivia.............................................50
Bosnia and Herzegovina ................55
Ecuador ..........................................56
Swaziland .......................................56
Costa Rica......................................60
Botswana .......................................61
Uruguay..........................................65
Namibia ..........................................66
Angola ............................................68
Chad...............................................75
Timor-Leste....................................83
Cambodia .......................................85
Zimbabwe ......................................90
Brunei Darussalam.......................105
Haiti..............................................105
Brazil ............................................120
Venezuela.....................................141
Suriname......................................694
Barbados .......................................n/a
Malta .............................................n/a
SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2011: Making a Difference for Entrepreneurs
How would you assess the agricultural policy in your country? [1 = excessively burdensome for the economy; 7 = balances the interests of taxpayers,
consumers, and producers] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
6.08
459
460
6.09
In your country, to what extent do tariff and non-tariff barriers limit the ability of imported goods to compete in the domestic market? [1 = strongly limit;
7 = do not limit] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
Trade tariffs
RANK
1
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
1 2006
2 2007
3 2008
VALUE
4 2009
6.10
461
462
6.11
How prevalent is foreign ownership of companies in your country? [1 = very rare; 7 = highly prevalent] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
Luxembourg.............................. 6.5
Singapore .................................. 6.2
United Kingdom ........................ 6.2
Slovak Republic......................... 6.1
Sweden..................................... 6.0
New Zealand............................. 6.0
Uruguay..................................... 5.9
Chile .......................................... 5.9
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.9
Australia .................................... 5.8
Panama ..................................... 5.8
France ....................................... 5.8
Bahrain ...................................... 5.7
Belgium..................................... 5.7
Ireland ....................................... 5.7
Switzerland ............................... 5.7
Zambia ...................................... 5.7
Canada ...................................... 5.7
Hungary..................................... 5.7
Botswana .................................. 5.6
Cte dIvoire ............................. 5.6
Costa Rica................................. 5.5
Mexico ...................................... 5.5
Netherlands............................... 5.5
Norway...................................... 5.4
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.4
Peru........................................... 5.4
Israel ......................................... 5.4
Uganda...................................... 5.3
Spain ......................................... 5.2
Barbados ................................... 5.2
Argentina................................... 5.2
South Africa .............................. 5.2
Cameroon ................................. 5.2
Denmark ................................... 5.2
El Salvador ................................ 5.2
Namibia ..................................... 5.2
Finland....................................... 5.2
Lesotho ..................................... 5.2
Dominican Republic .................. 5.2
Austria....................................... 5.1
United States ............................ 5.1
Estonia ...................................... 5.1
Mongolia ................................... 5.1
Malaysia .................................... 5.1
Germany ................................... 5.1
Honduras................................... 5.0
Qatar ......................................... 5.0
Gambia, The.............................. 5.0
Jamaica ..................................... 5.0
Ghana........................................ 5.0
Czech Republic ......................... 5.0
Swaziland .................................. 5.0
Senegal ..................................... 5.0
Mozambique ............................. 4.9
Guatemala................................. 4.9
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.9
United Arab Emirates................ 4.9
Morocco.................................... 4.8
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.8
Tunisia....................................... 4.8
Kenya ........................................ 4.8
Malta ......................................... 4.8
Malawi ...................................... 4.8
Montenegro .............................. 4.7
Latvia......................................... 4.7
Jordan ....................................... 4.7
Cape Verde ............................... 4.7
Thailand..................................... 4.7
Nigeria....................................... 4.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Philippines................................. 4.7
Rwanda ..................................... 4.6
Indonesia................................... 4.6
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.6
Oman ........................................ 4.6
Colombia ................................... 4.6
Benin......................................... 4.6
Brazil ......................................... 4.6
Albania ...................................... 4.6
Belize ........................................ 4.6
Cyprus....................................... 4.6
India .......................................... 4.5
Romania .................................... 4.5
Poland ....................................... 4.5
Angola ....................................... 4.5
Mauritius ................................... 4.5
Portugal..................................... 4.5
Zimbabwe ................................. 4.5
Lithuania.................................... 4.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.5
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.5
Nicaragua .................................. 4.5
Japan......................................... 4.5
Greece ...................................... 4.4
Cambodia .................................. 4.4
Paraguay ................................... 4.4
Turkey ....................................... 4.4
China ......................................... 4.4
Burkina Faso ............................. 4.3
Timor-Leste............................... 4.3
Lebanon .................................... 4.3
Croatia....................................... 4.3
Bulgaria ..................................... 4.3
Tanzania .................................... 4.3
Armenia..................................... 4.3
Azerbaijan.................................. 4.3
Italy ........................................... 4.2
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.2
Georgia...................................... 4.1
Kazakhstan ................................ 4.1
Egypt......................................... 4.1
Pakistan..................................... 4.1
Suriname................................... 4.0
Bangladesh ............................... 4.0
Serbia ........................................ 3.9
Vietnam..................................... 3.9
Moldova .................................... 3.9
Ecuador ..................................... 3.9
Guyana ...................................... 3.9
Mali ........................................... 3.8
Ukraine...................................... 3.8
Venezuela.................................. 3.8
Madagascar............................... 3.7
Algeria ....................................... 3.7
Slovenia..................................... 3.7
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.6
Bolivia........................................ 3.5
Russian Federation ................... 3.5
Tajikistan ................................... 3.5
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.4
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.3
Chad.......................................... 3.3
Iceland....................................... 3.2
Kuwait ....................................... 3.1
Nepal......................................... 3.0
Syria .......................................... 2.8
Haiti........................................... 2.8
Burundi...................................... 2.6
Mauritania ................................. 2.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 2.3
Yemen....................................... 2.0
MEAN: 4.7
To what extent do rules governing foreign direct investment (FDI) encourage or discourage it? [1 = strongly discourage FDI; 7 = strongly encourage FDI] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
6.12
463
464
6.13
How would you rate the level of efficiency of customs procedures (related to the entry and exit of merchandise) in your country? [1 = extremely inefficient;
7 = extremely efficient] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Croatia....................................... 4.1
Mali ........................................... 4.1
Mexico ...................................... 4.1
Egypt......................................... 4.1
Burkina Faso ............................. 4.0
Cameroon ................................. 4.0
Greece ...................................... 4.0
Italy ........................................... 4.0
Colombia ................................... 4.0
Honduras................................... 4.0
Thailand..................................... 3.9
Cte dIvoire ............................. 3.9
Paraguay ................................... 3.9
Indonesia................................... 3.9
El Salvador ................................ 3.9
Costa Rica................................. 3.9
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.8
India .......................................... 3.8
Malawi ...................................... 3.8
Cambodia .................................. 3.7
Jamaica ..................................... 3.7
Serbia ........................................ 3.7
Turkey ....................................... 3.7
Mozambique ............................. 3.7
Lesotho ..................................... 3.7
Benin......................................... 3.7
Pakistan..................................... 3.6
Tajikistan ................................... 3.6
Ghana........................................ 3.6
Tanzania .................................... 3.6
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.5
Ecuador ..................................... 3.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.5
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.5
Moldova .................................... 3.5
Guyana ...................................... 3.5
Lebanon .................................... 3.5
Nigeria....................................... 3.5
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.5
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.5
Vietnam..................................... 3.4
Timor-Leste............................... 3.4
Swaziland .................................. 3.4
Madagascar............................... 3.4
Nepal......................................... 3.4
Bangladesh ............................... 3.4
Suriname................................... 3.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.4
Kenya ........................................ 3.3
Romania .................................... 3.3
Mongolia ................................... 3.3
Cape Verde ............................... 3.2
Brazil ......................................... 3.1
Belize ........................................ 3.1
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.0
Nicaragua .................................. 3.0
Philippines................................. 3.0
Bolivia........................................ 3.0
Burundi...................................... 2.9
Yemen....................................... 2.9
Armenia..................................... 2.9
Syria .......................................... 2.9
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.8
Chad.......................................... 2.8
Ukraine...................................... 2.8
Russian Federation ................... 2.8
Algeria ....................................... 2.8
Argentina................................... 2.7
Angola ....................................... 2.7
Haiti........................................... 2.5
Venezuela.................................. 2.3
MEAN: 4.1
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Poland .........................................42.9
Costa Rica...................................42.7
Kenya ..........................................42.6
Tanzania ......................................42.6
Burundi2 ......................................42.3
Cte dIvoire2..............................41.3
Switzerland .................................41.0
Morocco......................................40.2
Nepal2 .........................................40.0
Germany .....................................39.9
Uganda........................................39.4
Gambia, The2 ..............................39.3
Ghana2 ........................................39.3
Mali2 ...........................................39.1
Portugal.......................................39.0
Croatia.........................................38.9
Ecuador .......................................38.8
Guatemala...................................38.7
Suriname.....................................38.6
Benin2 .........................................38.3
Finland.........................................38.0
Saudi Arabia2 ..............................37.9
Malawi ........................................37.6
Israel ...........................................36.9
Philippines...................................36.5
Trinidad and Tobago1 ..................36.3
Algeria2 .......................................36.1
Zambia2.......................................34.9
Dominican Republic ....................34.2
Brunei Darussalam2 ....................34.2
Chile ............................................34.0
Syria2 ..........................................33.5
Rwanda2 .....................................33.2
Bolivia..........................................32.9
Mexico ........................................32.1
United Kingdom ..........................31.8
South Africa ................................31.4
Canada ........................................31.2
Ethiopia2 .....................................30.6
Sri Lanka2 ...................................30.2
Bangladesh .................................30.2
Egypt...........................................30.0
Nigeria2 .......................................29.6
Kuwait2 .......................................28.9
Kazakhstan ..................................28.9
Italy .............................................28.8
Cameroon2..................................28.8
India ............................................28.6
Norway........................................28.4
France .........................................28.3
Spain ...........................................28.2
New Zealand...............................28.2
Burkina Faso2 .............................27.9
Turkey .........................................27.5
China ...........................................27.0
Pakistan.......................................25.3
Uruguay.......................................23.9
Peru.............................................23.4
Indonesia.....................................23.2
Greece ........................................23.1
Russian Federation .....................21.7
Iran, Islamic Rep.2 ......................21.1
Australia ......................................20.4
Azerbaijan....................................19.4
Argentina.....................................18.9
Venezuela....................................17.5
Colombia .....................................17.1
Qatar ...........................................17.0
United States ..............................15.9
Japan...........................................15.5
Brazil ...........................................12.0
SOURCE: World Trade Organization, Statistics Database: Time Series on International Trade (accessed July 4, 2011); Economist Intelligence Unit,
1 2008
2 2009
6.14
465
466
6.15
How well do companies in your country treat customers? [1 = generally treat their customers badly; 7 = are highly responsive to customers and customer
retention] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
Japan......................................... 6.4
Sweden..................................... 6.0
Switzerland ............................... 6.0
Austria....................................... 5.9
Belgium..................................... 5.7
Canada ...................................... 5.6
New Zealand............................. 5.6
Iceland....................................... 5.6
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.6
Denmark ................................... 5.6
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.5
Ireland ....................................... 5.5
Malaysia .................................... 5.5
Qatar ......................................... 5.5
Finland....................................... 5.5
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.4
Thailand..................................... 5.4
Germany ................................... 5.4
Singapore .................................. 5.4
Oman ........................................ 5.4
Luxembourg.............................. 5.3
Netherlands............................... 5.3
Albania ...................................... 5.3
United States ............................ 5.3
Australia .................................... 5.3
Bahrain ...................................... 5.3
Turkey ....................................... 5.3
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.3
Costa Rica................................. 5.2
Colombia ................................... 5.2
Norway...................................... 5.2
Estonia ...................................... 5.2
Lithuania.................................... 5.2
United Kingdom ........................ 5.1
Israel ......................................... 5.1
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.1
Peru........................................... 5.1
El Salvador ................................ 5.1
United Arab Emirates................ 5.0
Guatemala................................. 5.0
Sri Lanka ................................... 5.0
Mauritius ................................... 5.0
Tunisia....................................... 5.0
France ....................................... 5.0
Lebanon .................................... 5.0
Philippines................................. 4.9
Gambia, The.............................. 4.9
Chile .......................................... 4.9
Malawi ...................................... 4.9
Senegal ..................................... 4.9
Brazil ......................................... 4.9
Czech Republic ......................... 4.9
Poland ....................................... 4.8
Portugal..................................... 4.8
Mexico ...................................... 4.8
Italy ........................................... 4.8
Kuwait ....................................... 4.8
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.8
Slovenia..................................... 4.8
Kenya ........................................ 4.7
Morocco.................................... 4.7
Uruguay..................................... 4.7
India .......................................... 4.7
Jordan ....................................... 4.7
Cambodia .................................. 4.7
Cyprus....................................... 4.6
South Africa .............................. 4.6
Spain ......................................... 4.6
Malta ......................................... 4.6
Macedonia, FYR........................ 4.6
Belize ........................................ 4.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
Buyer sophistication
In your country, how do buyers make purchasing decisions? [1 = based solely on the lowest price; 7 = based on a sophisticated analysis of performance
attributes] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.5
Japan......................................... 5.3
Switzerland ............................... 5.2
Luxembourg.............................. 5.1
Sweden..................................... 4.9
China ......................................... 4.7
Denmark ................................... 4.7
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.6
Singapore .................................. 4.6
Finland....................................... 4.6
United Arab Emirates................ 4.6
Canada ...................................... 4.6
United States ............................ 4.6
United Kingdom ........................ 4.5
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.5
Netherlands............................... 4.5
Belgium..................................... 4.4
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.4
Qatar ......................................... 4.4
Malaysia .................................... 4.4
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.4
Germany ................................... 4.3
Norway...................................... 4.3
Bahrain ...................................... 4.3
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.3
New Zealand............................. 4.2
Austria....................................... 4.2
Ireland ....................................... 4.2
Lebanon .................................... 4.2
Australia .................................... 4.2
Chile .......................................... 4.2
South Africa .............................. 4.1
Italy ........................................... 4.1
Azerbaijan.................................. 4.1
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.1
Cyprus....................................... 4.1
Israel ......................................... 4.1
Barbados ................................... 3.9
France ....................................... 3.9
Cambodia .................................. 3.9
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.9
Thailand..................................... 3.8
India .......................................... 3.8
Costa Rica................................. 3.8
Spain ......................................... 3.8
Oman ........................................ 3.8
Iceland....................................... 3.8
Brazil ......................................... 3.7
Tunisia....................................... 3.7
Colombia ................................... 3.7
Malta ......................................... 3.7
Indonesia................................... 3.7
Montenegro .............................. 3.6
Czech Republic ......................... 3.6
Russian Federation ................... 3.6
Portugal..................................... 3.6
Philippines................................. 3.6
Mauritius ................................... 3.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.6
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.6
Uruguay..................................... 3.5
Peru........................................... 3.5
Guatemala................................. 3.5
Albania ...................................... 3.5
Pakistan..................................... 3.5
Panama ..................................... 3.5
Greece ...................................... 3.5
Honduras................................... 3.5
Poland ....................................... 3.5
Vietnam..................................... 3.5
Namibia ..................................... 3.5
Kuwait ....................................... 3.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Argentina................................... 3.5
Mexico ...................................... 3.4
Armenia..................................... 3.4
Latvia......................................... 3.4
Nigeria....................................... 3.4
Jamaica ..................................... 3.4
Kenya ........................................ 3.3
Tajikistan ................................... 3.3
Morocco.................................... 3.3
Jordan ....................................... 3.3
El Salvador ................................ 3.3
Romania .................................... 3.2
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.2
Estonia ...................................... 3.2
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.2
Ukraine...................................... 3.2
Ecuador ..................................... 3.2
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.2
Venezuela.................................. 3.2
Ghana........................................ 3.1
Gambia, The.............................. 3.1
Georgia...................................... 3.1
Bangladesh ............................... 3.1
Paraguay ................................... 3.1
Botswana .................................. 3.0
Turkey ....................................... 3.0
Mongolia ................................... 3.0
Slovenia..................................... 3.0
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.0
Cape Verde ............................... 3.0
Swaziland .................................. 3.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.0
Nicaragua .................................. 3.0
Suriname................................... 3.0
Moldova .................................... 3.0
Lithuania.................................... 2.9
Hungary..................................... 2.9
Bolivia........................................ 2.9
Zambia ...................................... 2.9
Tanzania .................................... 2.9
Rwanda ..................................... 2.8
Nepal......................................... 2.8
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.8
Benin......................................... 2.8
Croatia....................................... 2.8
Angola ....................................... 2.8
Syria .......................................... 2.8
Timor-Leste............................... 2.8
Malawi ...................................... 2.8
Lesotho ..................................... 2.7
Slovak Republic......................... 2.7
Macedonia, FYR........................ 2.7
Mozambique ............................. 2.7
Algeria ....................................... 2.7
Dominican Republic .................. 2.7
Guyana ...................................... 2.6
Belize ........................................ 2.6
Cameroon ................................. 2.6
Uganda...................................... 2.5
Yemen....................................... 2.5
Mali ........................................... 2.4
Egypt......................................... 2.3
Senegal ..................................... 2.3
Mauritania ................................. 2.3
Serbia ........................................ 2.2
Chad.......................................... 2.1
Haiti........................................... 2.0
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.0
Madagascar............................... 1.8
Burundi...................................... 1.8
Burkina Faso ............................. 1.8
MEAN: 3.5
6.16
467
Data Tables
Section VII
Labor market efficiency
470
7.01
How would you characterize labor-employer relations in your country? [1 = generally confrontational; 7 = generally cooperative] | 201011 weighted
average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.4
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.4
How are wages generally set in your country? [1 = by a centralized bargaining process; 7 = up to each individual company] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.9
Uganda...................................... 6.1
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 6.1
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 6.1
Bahrain ...................................... 6.1
United Arab Emirates................ 6.0
Estonia ...................................... 6.0
Singapore .................................. 6.0
Lithuania.................................... 6.0
Macedonia, FYR........................ 6.0
Qatar ......................................... 6.0
Burundi...................................... 5.9
Yemen....................................... 5.8
Brunei Darussalam.................... 5.8
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.8
Mongolia ................................... 5.8
Japan......................................... 5.8
United Kingdom ........................ 5.7
Switzerland ............................... 5.7
Lebanon .................................... 5.7
Azerbaijan.................................. 5.7
Vietnam..................................... 5.7
Kuwait ....................................... 5.7
El Salvador ................................ 5.7
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.6
Peru........................................... 5.6
New Zealand............................. 5.6
Malawi ...................................... 5.6
Malaysia .................................... 5.5
Chile .......................................... 5.5
Moldova .................................... 5.5
Kazakhstan ................................ 5.5
United States ............................ 5.5
Haiti........................................... 5.5
Georgia...................................... 5.5
Cte dIvoire ............................. 5.5
Jordan ....................................... 5.5
Canada ...................................... 5.5
Rwanda ..................................... 5.5
Benin......................................... 5.5
Oman ........................................ 5.4
Hungary..................................... 5.4
Nigeria....................................... 5.4
Armenia..................................... 5.4
Cape Verde ............................... 5.4
Dominican Republic .................. 5.4
Israel ......................................... 5.3
Poland ....................................... 5.3
Syria .......................................... 5.3
Belize ........................................ 5.3
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.3
Tajikistan ................................... 5.3
China ......................................... 5.3
Guatemala................................. 5.2
Turkey ....................................... 5.2
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 5.2
France ....................................... 5.2
India .......................................... 5.2
Ukraine...................................... 5.2
Latvia......................................... 5.2
Czech Republic ......................... 5.2
Ethiopia ..................................... 5.2
Bulgaria ..................................... 5.2
Serbia ........................................ 5.2
Burkina Faso ............................. 5.2
Bangladesh ............................... 5.2
Suriname................................... 5.2
Gambia, The.............................. 5.2
Colombia ................................... 5.2
Croatia....................................... 5.1
Egypt......................................... 5.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Madagascar............................... 5.1
Albania ...................................... 5.1
Mauritania ................................. 5.1
Paraguay ................................... 5.1
Guyana ...................................... 5.1
Slovak Republic......................... 5.1
Sri Lanka ................................... 5.1
Chad.......................................... 5.1
Panama ..................................... 5.0
Morocco.................................... 5.0
Kenya ........................................ 5.0
Russian Federation ................... 4.9
Jamaica ..................................... 4.9
Zambia ...................................... 4.9
Cambodia .................................. 4.9
Cameroon ................................. 4.9
Namibia ..................................... 4.9
Mexico ...................................... 4.8
Romania .................................... 4.8
Montenegro .............................. 4.8
Nicaragua .................................. 4.8
Angola ....................................... 4.8
Botswana .................................. 4.7
Thailand..................................... 4.7
Malta ......................................... 4.7
Lesotho ..................................... 4.7
Pakistan..................................... 4.7
Costa Rica................................. 4.6
Mali ........................................... 4.6
Barbados ................................... 4.6
Philippines................................. 4.5
Ghana........................................ 4.5
Honduras................................... 4.5
Senegal ..................................... 4.4
Swaziland .................................. 4.4
Mauritius ................................... 4.4
Cyprus....................................... 4.4
Timor-Leste............................... 4.3
Luxembourg.............................. 4.3
Portugal..................................... 4.3
Iceland....................................... 4.3
Indonesia................................... 4.3
Ecuador ..................................... 4.3
Brazil ......................................... 4.3
Australia .................................... 4.3
Bolivia........................................ 4.2
Nepal......................................... 4.2
Tunisia....................................... 4.2
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.2
Denmark ................................... 4.2
Tanzania .................................... 4.1
Ireland ....................................... 4.0
Mozambique ............................. 4.0
Algeria ....................................... 3.9
Slovenia..................................... 3.8
Venezuela.................................. 3.7
Spain ......................................... 3.6
Belgium..................................... 3.5
Norway...................................... 3.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.5
Netherlands............................... 3.5
Finland....................................... 3.3
Italy ........................................... 3.2
Greece ...................................... 3.1
Germany ................................... 3.1
Sweden..................................... 3.0
South Africa .............................. 3.0
Argentina................................... 2.7
Austria....................................... 2.6
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.5
Uruguay..................................... 2.3
MEAN: 4.9
7.02
471
472
7.03
Rigidity of employment
RANK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
27
27
29
29
29
29
29
29
35
35
35
38
39
39
39
39
39
44
44
44
44
48
48
50
50
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
61
61
63
63
63
63
63
68
68
68
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Australia ........................................0.0
Brunei Darussalam........................0.0
Hong Kong SAR ............................0.0
Kuwait ...........................................0.0
Singapore ......................................0.0
Uganda..........................................0.0
United States ................................0.0
Canada ..........................................4.0
Jamaica .........................................4.0
Belize ............................................7.0
Denmark .......................................7.0
Georgia..........................................7.0
New Zealand.................................7.0
Nigeria...........................................7.0
Rwanda .........................................7.0
Switzerland ...................................7.0
Trinidad and Tobago......................7.0
United Arab Emirates....................7.0
Azerbaijan....................................10.0
Bahrain ........................................10.0
Colombia .....................................10.0
Haiti.............................................10.0
Ireland .........................................10.0
Malaysia ......................................10.0
Swaziland ....................................10.0
United Kingdom ..........................10.0
Czech Republic ...........................11.0
Thailand.......................................11.0
Botswana ....................................13.0
Montenegro ................................13.0
Namibia .......................................13.0
Oman ..........................................13.0
Qatar ...........................................13.0
Saudi Arabia ................................13.0
Lesotho .......................................14.0
Macedonia, FYR..........................14.0
Puerto Rico .................................14.0
Japan...........................................16.0
Belgium.......................................17.0
Israel ...........................................17.0
Kazakhstan ..................................17.0
Kenya ..........................................17.0
Mongolia .....................................17.0
Chile ............................................18.0
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................18.0
Mauritius .....................................18.0
Uruguay.......................................18.0
Bulgaria .......................................19.0
Guyana ........................................19.0
Sri Lanka .....................................20.0
Syria ............................................20.0
Argentina.....................................21.0
Armenia.......................................21.0
Burkina Faso ...............................21.0
Dominican Republic ....................21.0
Iceland.........................................21.0
Malawi ........................................21.0
Suriname.....................................21.0
Vietnam.......................................21.0
Zambia ........................................21.0
Hungary.......................................22.0
Slovak Republic...........................22.0
Austria.........................................24.0
Cyprus.........................................24.0
El Salvador ..................................24.0
Jordan .........................................24.0
Yemen.........................................24.0
Albania ........................................25.0
Lebanon ......................................25.0
Poland .........................................25.0
Egypt...........................................27.0
71
71
71
75
75
75
75
79
79
81
82
82
82
85
86
86
86
86
90
90
90
93
94
94
94
94
94
94
100
100
100
100
104
104
104
104
108
108
108
108
112
112
114
114
114
117
118
118
118
118
118
123
123
125
125
127
128
129
129
131
131
131
134
135
136
137
137
139
140
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Gambia, The................................27.0
Ghana..........................................27.0
Nicaragua ....................................27.0
Bangladesh .................................28.0
Burundi........................................28.0
Ethiopia .......................................28.0
Guatemala...................................28.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................29.0
Philippines...................................29.0
India ............................................30.0
China ...........................................31.0
Mali .............................................31.0
Ukraine........................................31.0
Timor-Leste.................................32.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............33.0
Chad............................................33.0
Cte dIvoire ...............................33.0
Zimbabwe ...................................33.0
Serbia ..........................................35.0
South Africa ................................35.0
Turkey .........................................35.0
Cambodia ....................................36.0
Ecuador .......................................38.0
Italy .............................................38.0
Korea, Rep. .................................38.0
Lithuania......................................38.0
Russian Federation .....................38.0
Sweden.......................................38.0
Cameroon ...................................39.0
Costa Rica...................................39.0
Mauritania ...................................39.0
Peru.............................................39.0
Benin...........................................40.0
Indonesia.....................................40.0
Mozambique ...............................40.0
Tunisia.........................................40.0
Algeria .........................................41.0
Finland.........................................41.0
Mexico ........................................41.0
Moldova ......................................41.0
Germany .....................................42.0
Netherlands.................................42.0
Latvia...........................................43.0
Pakistan.......................................43.0
Portugal.......................................43.0
Norway........................................44.0
Brazil ...........................................46.0
Cape Verde .................................46.0
Nepal...........................................46.0
Romania ......................................46.0
Taiwan, China .............................46.0
Spain ...........................................49.0
Tajikistan .....................................49.0
Croatia.........................................50.0
Greece ........................................50.0
Estonia ........................................51.0
France .........................................52.0
Slovenia.......................................54.0
Tanzania ......................................54.0
Luxembourg................................56.0
Madagascar.................................56.0
Paraguay .....................................56.0
Honduras.....................................57.0
Senegal .......................................59.0
Morocco......................................60.0
Angola .........................................66.0
Panama .......................................66.0
Venezuela....................................69.0
Bolivia..........................................77.0
Barbados .......................................n/a
Malta .............................................n/a
SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2010: Reforming Through Difficult Times
How would you characterize the hiring and firing of workers in your country? [1 = impeded by regulations; 7 = flexibly determined by employers] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
7.04
473
474
7.05
Redundancy costs
RANK
1
1
1
1
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
15
16
16
16
19
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
40
40
42
42
42
42
46
46
46
46
50
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
59
59
61
62
62
62
65
65
65
65
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Denmark ..........................................0
New Zealand....................................0
Puerto Rico ......................................0
United States ...................................0
Austria..............................................2
Australia ...........................................4
Bahrain .............................................4
Brunei Darussalam...........................4
Georgia.............................................4
Japan................................................4
Jordan ..............................................4
Mauritius ..........................................4
Oman ...............................................4
Singapore .........................................4
Romania ...........................................8
Bulgaria ............................................9
Kazakhstan .......................................9
Mongolia ..........................................9
Hong Kong SAR .............................10
Italy ................................................11
Armenia..........................................13
Iceland............................................13
Norway...........................................13
Poland ............................................13
Switzerland ....................................13
Uganda...........................................13
Ukraine...........................................13
Belgium..........................................16
Algeria ............................................17
Haiti................................................17
Kyrgyz Republic .............................17
Latvia..............................................17
Lebanon .........................................17
Netherlands....................................17
Peru................................................17
Russian Federation ........................17
Timor-Leste....................................17
Tunisia............................................17
Yemen............................................17
Ireland ............................................18
Tanzania .........................................18
Azerbaijan.......................................22
Czech Republic ..............................22
Nicaragua .......................................22
United Kingdom .............................22
Belize .............................................24
Greece ...........................................24
Namibia ..........................................24
South Africa ...................................24
Serbia .............................................25
Burundi...........................................26
Finland............................................26
Gambia, The...................................26
Macedonia, FYR.............................26
Rwanda ..........................................26
Slovak Republic..............................26
Suriname........................................26
Sweden..........................................26
Canada ...........................................28
Montenegro ...................................28
Costa Rica......................................29
Lithuania.........................................30
Madagascar....................................30
Tajikistan ........................................30
Bosnia and Herzegovina ................31
Mali ................................................31
Mauritania ......................................31
Uruguay..........................................31
France ............................................32
Cameroon ......................................33
Burkina Faso ..................................34
72
72
74
74
76
76
78
79
79
81
82
82
84
85
85
87
88
89
89
91
92
93
93
93
93
97
98
99
100
101
102
102
104
105
106
106
108
108
110
111
112
112
114
115
115
115
118
118
118
118
118
123
124
124
124
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
135
137
138
139
139
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Estonia ...........................................35
Hungary..........................................35
Benin..............................................36
Chad...............................................36
Moldova .........................................37
Slovenia..........................................37
Senegal ..........................................38
Cambodia .......................................39
Croatia............................................39
Ethiopia ..........................................40
Lesotho ..........................................44
Panama ..........................................44
Brazil ..............................................46
Kenya .............................................47
Mexico ...........................................47
Cte dIvoire ..................................49
Nigeria............................................50
Chile ...............................................52
Luxembourg...................................52
Swaziland .......................................53
Thailand..........................................54
Albania ...........................................56
Guyana ...........................................56
India ...............................................56
Spain ..............................................56
Angola ............................................58
Colombia ........................................59
Jamaica ..........................................62
Cyprus............................................64
Trinidad and Tobago.......................67
Germany ........................................69
Qatar ..............................................69
Malaysia .........................................75
Kuwait ............................................78
Saudi Arabia ...................................80
Syria ...............................................80
Malawi ...........................................84
United Arab Emirates.....................84
Morocco.........................................85
El Salvador .....................................86
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...........................87
Vietnam..........................................87
Dominican Republic .......................88
Botswana .......................................90
Nepal..............................................90
Pakistan..........................................90
China ..............................................91
Israel ..............................................91
Korea, Rep. ....................................91
Philippines......................................91
Taiwan, China ................................91
Cape Verde ....................................93
Argentina........................................95
Honduras........................................95
Turkey ............................................95
Portugal..........................................97
Paraguay ........................................99
Guatemala....................................101
Bangladesh ..................................104
Indonesia......................................108
Egypt............................................132
Mozambique ................................134
Ecuador ........................................135
Ghana...........................................178
Zambia .........................................178
Sri Lanka ......................................217
Zimbabwe ....................................446
Bolivia............................. not possible
Venezuela....................... not possible
Barbados .......................................n/a
Malta .............................................n/a
SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2010: Reforming Through Difficult Times
To what extent is pay in your country related to productivity? [1 = not related to worker productivity; 7 = strongly related to worker productivity] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.9
7.06
475
476
7.07
In your country, who holds senior management positions? [1 = usually relatives or friends without regard to merit; 7 = mostly professional managers chosen
for merit and qualifications] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
Sweden..................................... 6.4
New Zealand............................. 6.3
Finland....................................... 6.2
Norway...................................... 6.2
Canada ...................................... 6.1
United Kingdom ........................ 6.0
Denmark ................................... 6.0
Netherlands............................... 6.0
Switzerland ............................... 6.0
Australia .................................... 6.0
Singapore .................................. 5.9
Ireland ....................................... 5.8
Germany ................................... 5.7
Belgium..................................... 5.6
Japan......................................... 5.5
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.5
United States ............................ 5.5
South Africa .............................. 5.5
Qatar ......................................... 5.5
Malaysia .................................... 5.5
Israel ......................................... 5.4
Iceland....................................... 5.3
Zimbabwe ................................. 5.3
Austria....................................... 5.2
Estonia ...................................... 5.2
Luxembourg.............................. 5.2
Chile .......................................... 5.2
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.2
France ....................................... 5.1
Bahrain ...................................... 5.1
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.1
Sri Lanka ................................... 5.0
Barbados ................................... 5.0
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.0
United Arab Emirates................ 4.9
Botswana .................................. 4.9
Rwanda ..................................... 4.9
Oman ........................................ 4.9
Brazil ......................................... 4.8
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.8
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.8
Gambia, The.............................. 4.8
Czech Republic ......................... 4.7
Ghana........................................ 4.7
Spain ......................................... 4.7
China ......................................... 4.7
Malawi ...................................... 4.6
Peru........................................... 4.6
Costa Rica................................. 4.6
Philippines................................. 4.6
Guyana ...................................... 4.5
Namibia ..................................... 4.5
India .......................................... 4.5
Tunisia....................................... 4.5
Zambia ...................................... 4.5
Lithuania.................................... 4.5
Jamaica ..................................... 4.4
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.4
Slovak Republic......................... 4.4
Mauritius ................................... 4.4
Malta ......................................... 4.4
Thailand..................................... 4.3
Hungary..................................... 4.3
Argentina................................... 4.3
Poland ....................................... 4.3
Nigeria....................................... 4.3
Guatemala................................. 4.3
Cameroon ................................. 4.3
Albania ...................................... 4.3
Indonesia................................... 4.3
Kenya ........................................ 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.3
Brain drain
Does your country retain and attract talented people? [1 = no, the best and brightest normally leave to pursue opportunities in other countries; 7 = yes,
there are many opportunities for talented people within the country] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.5
7.08
477
478
7.09
Ratio of female participation in the labor force (%) to male participation in the labor force (%) | 2009
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
69
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Burundi........................................1.04
Rwanda .......................................1.03
Ghana..........................................0.99
Mozambique ...............................0.99
Tanzania ......................................0.97
Madagascar.................................0.96
Finland.........................................0.96
Malawi ........................................0.96
Sweden.......................................0.94
Norway........................................0.94
Moldova ......................................0.92
Lesotho .......................................0.92
Botswana ....................................0.92
Vietnam.......................................0.92
Denmark .....................................0.92
Ethiopia .......................................0.91
Azerbaijan....................................0.91
Russian Federation .....................0.91
Kazakhstan ..................................0.91
Lithuania......................................0.91
Canada ........................................0.90
Iceland.........................................0.90
Barbados .....................................0.90
Estonia ........................................0.89
Slovenia.......................................0.88
Uganda........................................0.88
Mongolia .....................................0.88
Latvia...........................................0.88
Israel ...........................................0.88
Kenya ..........................................0.88
Benin...........................................0.88
Switzerland .................................0.88
Burkina Faso ...............................0.88
China ...........................................0.88
Cambodia ....................................0.87
Portugal.......................................0.87
France .........................................0.87
Netherlands.................................0.87
Germany .....................................0.87
Ukraine........................................0.86
Angola .........................................0.86
Bulgaria .......................................0.85
New Zealand...............................0.85
United States ..............................0.85
Australia ......................................0.85
Austria.........................................0.84
United Kingdom ..........................0.84
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............0.84
Namibia .......................................0.84
Gambia, The................................0.84
Armenia.......................................0.84
Croatia.........................................0.83
Thailand.......................................0.83
Belgium.......................................0.83
Chad............................................0.82
Zimbabwe ...................................0.81
Cyprus.........................................0.81
Poland .........................................0.81
Nepal...........................................0.81
Luxembourg................................0.80
Slovak Republic...........................0.80
Peru.............................................0.80
Hungary.......................................0.80
Brunei Darussalam......................0.80
Romania ......................................0.79
Jamaica .......................................0.79
Ireland .........................................0.78
Czech Republic ...........................0.78
Montenegro1 ..............................0.78
Serbia1 ........................................0.78
Uruguay.......................................0.77
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Bolivia..........................................0.77
Hong Kong SAR ..........................0.77
Spain ...........................................0.77
Georgia........................................0.76
South Africa ................................0.76
Zambia ........................................0.76
Brazil ...........................................0.75
Taiwan, China2............................0.75
Tajikistan .....................................0.75
Mauritania ...................................0.74
Singapore ....................................0.74
Trinidad and Tobago....................0.73
Japan...........................................0.73
Swaziland ....................................0.73
Senegal .......................................0.73
Albania ........................................0.73
Bangladesh .................................0.73
Korea, Rep. .................................0.73
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................0.72
Argentina.....................................0.71
Greece ........................................0.70
Italy .............................................0.70
Timor-Leste1 ...............................0.70
Haiti.............................................0.69
Macedonia, FYR..........................0.69
Cape Verde .................................0.69
Paraguay .....................................0.67
Cameroon ...................................0.66
Venezuela....................................0.66
Dominican Republic ....................0.65
Puerto Rico .................................0.64
Philippines...................................0.63
Cte dIvoire ...............................0.62
Panama .......................................0.62
Nicaragua ....................................0.61
El Salvador ..................................0.61
Indonesia.....................................0.61
Ecuador .......................................0.61
Belize ..........................................0.60
Chile ............................................0.60
Suriname.....................................0.59
Costa Rica...................................0.58
Malaysia ......................................0.57
Mauritius .....................................0.57
Mali .............................................0.57
Guyana ........................................0.57
Guatemala...................................0.56
Kuwait .........................................0.55
Mexico ........................................0.55
Qatar ...........................................0.55
Colombia .....................................0.55
Nigeria.........................................0.53
Honduras.....................................0.51
Malta ...........................................0.50
Sri Lanka .....................................0.47
Algeria .........................................0.47
United Arab Emirates..................0.46
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................0.44
India ............................................0.42
Bahrain ........................................0.39
Tunisia.........................................0.38
Turkey .........................................0.35
Morocco......................................0.34
Oman ..........................................0.34
Lebanon ......................................0.33
Jordan .........................................0.32
Egypt...........................................0.30
Yemen.........................................0.28
Saudi Arabia ................................0.27
Syria ............................................0.27
Pakistan.......................................0.26
SOURCE: International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labor Markets Net (accessed 4 May 2011); national sources
1 2008
2 2011
Data Tables
Section VIII
Financial market development
480
8.01
Does the financial sector in your country provide a wide variety of financial products and services to businesses? [1 = not at all; 7 = provides a wide variety]
| 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
To what extent does competition among providers of financial services in your country ensure the provision of financial services at affordable prices?
[1 = not at all; 7 = extremely well] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Lithuania.................................... 4.1
Slovenia..................................... 4.1
Vietnam..................................... 4.1
Nigeria....................................... 4.0
Egypt......................................... 4.0
Colombia ................................... 4.0
Uganda...................................... 4.0
Rwanda ..................................... 4.0
Senegal ..................................... 4.0
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.0
Zambia ...................................... 4.0
Namibia ..................................... 4.0
Bangladesh ............................... 4.0
Mexico ...................................... 3.9
Greece ...................................... 3.9
Botswana .................................. 3.9
Ghana........................................ 3.9
Benin......................................... 3.8
Guyana ...................................... 3.8
Hungary..................................... 3.8
Malawi ...................................... 3.8
Serbia ........................................ 3.8
Pakistan..................................... 3.8
Czech Republic ......................... 3.7
Georgia...................................... 3.7
Cape Verde ............................... 3.7
Jamaica ..................................... 3.7
Albania ...................................... 3.6
Tanzania .................................... 3.6
Ecuador ..................................... 3.6
Nepal......................................... 3.6
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.6
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.6
Croatia....................................... 3.6
Romania .................................... 3.6
Nicaragua .................................. 3.6
Tajikistan ................................... 3.6
Swaziland .................................. 3.5
Mozambique ............................. 3.5
Bolivia........................................ 3.5
Russian Federation ................... 3.5
Italy ........................................... 3.5
Syria .......................................... 3.5
Venezuela.................................. 3.5
Iceland....................................... 3.5
Mali ........................................... 3.4
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.4
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.4
Cte dIvoire ............................. 3.4
Argentina................................... 3.3
Mongolia ................................... 3.3
Ukraine...................................... 3.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.2
Cameroon ................................. 3.2
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.2
Moldova .................................... 3.2
Suriname................................... 3.2
Lesotho ..................................... 3.2
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.1
Belize ........................................ 3.1
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.0
Madagascar............................... 3.0
Mauritania ................................. 2.9
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.8
Chad.......................................... 2.8
Angola ....................................... 2.8
Burundi...................................... 2.8
Timor-Leste............................... 2.6
Haiti........................................... 2.6
Yemen....................................... 2.5
Algeria ....................................... 2.3
MEAN: 4.2
8.02
481
482
8.03
How easy is it to raise money by issuing shares on the stock market in your country? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.5
How easy is it to obtain a bank loan in your country with only a good business plan and no collateral? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] | 201011 weighted
average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 2.9
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Honduras................................... 2.7
Turkey ....................................... 2.7
Egypt......................................... 2.7
Uruguay..................................... 2.7
Uganda...................................... 2.7
Benin......................................... 2.7
Barbados ................................... 2.7
Georgia...................................... 2.7
Bangladesh ............................... 2.6
Latvia......................................... 2.6
Romania .................................... 2.6
Iceland....................................... 2.6
Croatia....................................... 2.6
Armenia..................................... 2.5
Nepal......................................... 2.5
Swaziland .................................. 2.5
Ecuador ..................................... 2.5
Vietnam..................................... 2.5
Tanzania .................................... 2.4
Russian Federation ................... 2.4
Mexico ...................................... 2.4
Hungary..................................... 2.4
Timor-Leste............................... 2.4
Algeria ....................................... 2.4
Macedonia, FYR........................ 2.4
Serbia ........................................ 2.4
Dominican Republic .................. 2.4
Spain ......................................... 2.4
Senegal ..................................... 2.4
Syria .......................................... 2.3
Chad.......................................... 2.3
Zambia ...................................... 2.3
Guyana ...................................... 2.3
Suriname................................... 2.3
Belize ........................................ 2.3
Slovenia..................................... 2.3
Venezuela.................................. 2.3
Moldova .................................... 2.3
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.2
Greece ...................................... 2.2
Italy ........................................... 2.2
Nicaragua .................................. 2.2
Lithuania.................................... 2.2
Cape Verde ............................... 2.2
Mali ........................................... 2.2
Malawi ...................................... 2.2
Lesotho ..................................... 2.1
Costa Rica................................. 2.1
Kazakhstan ................................ 2.1
Albania ...................................... 2.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 2.1
Cameroon ................................. 2.1
Jamaica ..................................... 2.1
Nigeria....................................... 2.1
Ghana........................................ 2.0
Korea, Rep. ............................... 2.0
Ukraine...................................... 2.0
Mozambique ............................. 2.0
Angola ....................................... 1.9
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 1.9
Ireland ....................................... 1.9
Ethiopia ..................................... 1.9
Argentina................................... 1.8
Mauritania ................................. 1.7
Mongolia ................................... 1.7
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 1.7
Cte dIvoire ............................. 1.6
Burkina Faso ............................. 1.6
Haiti........................................... 1.5
Burundi...................................... 1.3
Yemen....................................... 1.2
MEAN: 2.9
8.04
483
484
8.05
In your country, how easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to find venture capital? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 2.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Madagascar............................... 2.6
Portugal..................................... 2.6
Tanzania .................................... 2.6
Uruguay..................................... 2.5
Namibia ..................................... 2.5
Romania .................................... 2.5
Mexico ...................................... 2.5
Poland ....................................... 2.4
Honduras................................... 2.4
Chad.......................................... 2.4
Turkey ....................................... 2.4
Guyana ...................................... 2.4
Slovenia..................................... 2.4
Czech Republic ......................... 2.4
Timor-Leste............................... 2.3
Benin......................................... 2.3
Russian Federation ................... 2.3
El Salvador ................................ 2.3
Senegal ..................................... 2.3
Vietnam..................................... 2.3
Kazakhstan ................................ 2.3
Barbados ................................... 2.3
Bangladesh ............................... 2.3
Uganda...................................... 2.3
Ecuador ..................................... 2.2
Georgia...................................... 2.2
Italy ........................................... 2.2
Nepal......................................... 2.2
Korea, Rep. ............................... 2.2
Lithuania.................................... 2.2
Costa Rica................................. 2.2
Greece ...................................... 2.2
Nigeria....................................... 2.2
Cape Verde ............................... 2.2
Ireland ....................................... 2.2
Syria .......................................... 2.1
Croatia....................................... 2.1
Armenia..................................... 2.1
Algeria ....................................... 2.1
Nicaragua .................................. 2.1
Venezuela.................................. 2.1
Dominican Republic .................. 2.1
Ukraine...................................... 2.1
Zambia ...................................... 2.1
Cameroon ................................. 2.1
Hungary..................................... 2.1
Swaziland .................................. 2.1
Mali ........................................... 2.0
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.0
Serbia ........................................ 2.0
Mozambique ............................. 2.0
Ghana........................................ 2.0
Albania ...................................... 2.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 2.0
Moldova .................................... 1.9
Jamaica ..................................... 1.9
Suriname................................... 1.9
Argentina................................... 1.9
Lesotho ..................................... 1.9
Malawi ...................................... 1.8
Zimbabwe ................................. 1.8
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 1.8
Belize ........................................ 1.8
Mauritania ................................. 1.8
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 1.8
Mongolia ................................... 1.8
Burkina Faso ............................. 1.6
Cte dIvoire ............................. 1.5
Angola ....................................... 1.5
Haiti........................................... 1.4
Burundi...................................... 1.4
MEAN: 2.7
Soundness of banks
How would you assess the soundness of banks in your country? [1 = insolvent and may require a government bailout; 7 = generally healthy with sound
balance sheets] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Japan......................................... 5.2
Spain ......................................... 5.2
Kenya ........................................ 5.2
Hungary..................................... 5.2
Nicaragua .................................. 5.2
Gambia, The.............................. 5.1
Denmark ................................... 5.0
Mozambique ............................. 5.0
Qatar ......................................... 5.0
Lesotho ..................................... 5.0
Belize ........................................ 5.0
Macedonia, FYR........................ 5.0
Tunisia....................................... 5.0
Bangladesh ............................... 5.0
Lithuania.................................... 4.9
Germany ................................... 4.9
Rwanda ..................................... 4.8
Burkina Faso ............................. 4.8
United States ............................ 4.8
Ethiopia ..................................... 4.8
Cambodia .................................. 4.8
Pakistan..................................... 4.8
Belgium..................................... 4.7
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.7
Albania ...................................... 4.7
Madagascar............................... 4.7
Portugal..................................... 4.7
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.7
Ecuador ..................................... 4.7
Bulgaria ..................................... 4.7
Egypt......................................... 4.6
Cte dIvoire ............................. 4.6
Georgia...................................... 4.6
Cameroon ................................. 4.6
Greece ...................................... 4.6
Montenegro .............................. 4.6
Argentina................................... 4.6
Vietnam..................................... 4.5
Romania .................................... 4.5
United Kingdom ........................ 4.5
Indonesia................................... 4.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.5
Moldova .................................... 4.5
Latvia......................................... 4.5
Serbia ........................................ 4.4
Bolivia........................................ 4.4
Tajikistan ................................... 4.4
Angola ....................................... 4.4
Haiti........................................... 4.3
Tanzania .................................... 4.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.2
Nepal......................................... 4.2
Timor-Leste............................... 4.1
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 4.1
Venezuela.................................. 4.1
Slovenia..................................... 4.1
Mali ........................................... 4.1
Russian Federation ................... 4.0
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.9
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.9
Mauritania ................................. 3.8
Chad.......................................... 3.8
Mongolia ................................... 3.8
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.8
Nigeria....................................... 3.7
Yemen....................................... 3.7
Algeria ....................................... 3.6
Burundi...................................... 3.6
Iceland....................................... 3.3
Ukraine...................................... 2.8
Ireland ....................................... 1.4
MEAN: 5.1
8.06
485
486
8.07
How would you assess the regulation and supervision of securities exchanges in your country? [1 = ineffective; 7 = effective] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.2
Degree of legal protection of borrowers and lenders rights on a 010 (best) scale | 2010
RANK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
60
60
60
60
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
132
132
132
132
132
132
138
138
138
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Panama ............................................6
Spain ................................................6
Swaziland .........................................6
Zimbabwe ........................................6
Bosnia and Herzegovina ..................5
Colombia ..........................................5
Costa Rica........................................5
El Salvador .......................................5
Gambia, The.....................................5
Lithuania...........................................5
Mauritius ..........................................5
Mexico .............................................5
Saudi Arabia .....................................5
Slovenia............................................5
Suriname..........................................5
Sweden............................................5
Uruguay............................................5
Angola ..............................................4
Argentina..........................................4
Bahrain .............................................4
Chile .................................................4
Ethiopia ............................................4
Guyana .............................................4
Iran, Islamic Rep. .............................4
Jordan ..............................................4
Kazakhstan .......................................4
Kuwait ..............................................4
Oman ...............................................4
Sri Lanka ..........................................4
Taiwan, China ..................................4
Thailand............................................4
Turkey ..............................................4
United Arab Emirates.......................4
Algeria ..............................................3
Benin................................................3
Brazil ................................................3
Burkina Faso ....................................3
Cameroon ........................................3
Chad.................................................3
Cte dIvoire ....................................3
Dominican Republic .........................3
Ecuador ............................................3
Egypt................................................3
Greece .............................................3
Haiti..................................................3
Indonesia..........................................3
Italy ..................................................3
Lebanon ...........................................3
Mali ..................................................3
Mauritania ........................................3
Morocco...........................................3
Nicaragua .........................................3
Paraguay ..........................................3
Philippines........................................3
Portugal............................................3
Qatar ................................................3
Russian Federation ..........................3
Senegal ............................................3
Tajikistan ..........................................3
Tunisia..............................................3
Burundi.............................................2
Cape Verde ......................................2
Madagascar......................................2
Mozambique ....................................2
Venezuela.........................................2
Yemen..............................................2
Bolivia...............................................1
Syria .................................................1
Timor-Leste......................................1
Barbados .......................................n/a
Malta .............................................n/a
SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2011: Making a Difference for Entrepreneurs
8.08
487
Data Tables
Section IX
Technological readiness
490
9.01
To what extent are the latest technologies available in your country? [1 = not available; 7 = widely available] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.0
Sweden..................................... 6.9
Switzerland ............................... 6.7
Norway...................................... 6.6
Iceland....................................... 6.6
Finland....................................... 6.6
Netherlands............................... 6.5
United Kingdom ........................ 6.5
Belgium..................................... 6.5
Denmark ................................... 6.5
Austria....................................... 6.4
France ....................................... 6.4
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 6.4
Israel ......................................... 6.3
Canada ...................................... 6.3
Japan......................................... 6.3
Portugal..................................... 6.3
Singapore .................................. 6.3
United States ............................ 6.3
Luxembourg.............................. 6.3
Germany ................................... 6.2
Malta ......................................... 6.2
Bahrain ...................................... 6.1
Australia .................................... 6.1
Korea, Rep. ............................... 6.1
United Arab Emirates................ 6.1
Puerto Rico ............................... 6.1
Barbados ................................... 6.1
Panama ..................................... 6.0
New Zealand............................. 6.0
Chile .......................................... 6.0
Qatar ......................................... 6.0
Ireland ....................................... 5.9
Spain ......................................... 5.9
Estonia ...................................... 5.9
Malaysia .................................... 5.8
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.8
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.7
Lithuania.................................... 5.7
South Africa .............................. 5.7
Czech Republic ......................... 5.6
Cyprus....................................... 5.6
Jordan ....................................... 5.5
Hungary..................................... 5.5
Jamaica ..................................... 5.5
Oman ........................................ 5.5
Slovenia..................................... 5.5
India .......................................... 5.5
Guatemala................................. 5.5
Slovak Republic......................... 5.5
Senegal ..................................... 5.4
Croatia....................................... 5.4
Turkey ....................................... 5.4
Brazil ......................................... 5.4
Namibia ..................................... 5.4
Mauritius ................................... 5.4
Greece ...................................... 5.3
Tunisia....................................... 5.3
Kuwait ....................................... 5.2
Dominican Republic .................. 5.2
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 5.2
Mexico ...................................... 5.2
Philippines................................. 5.2
Sri Lanka ................................... 5.1
Peru........................................... 5.1
Morocco.................................... 5.1
Uruguay..................................... 5.1
Cape Verde ............................... 5.1
Costa Rica................................. 5.0
Latvia......................................... 5.0
Brunei Darussalam.................... 5.0
Italy ........................................... 5.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 5.0
To what extent do businesses in your country absorb new technology? [1 = not at all; 7 = aggressively absorb] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.8
Sweden..................................... 6.5
Iceland....................................... 6.3
Japan......................................... 6.3
Switzerland ............................... 6.2
Norway...................................... 6.1
Israel ......................................... 6.1
Qatar ......................................... 6.0
Korea, Rep. ............................... 6.0
Denmark ................................... 6.0
Singapore .................................. 6.0
Finland....................................... 6.0
Austria....................................... 5.9
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.9
Germany ................................... 5.9
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.9
United Arab Emirates................ 5.9
New Zealand............................. 5.9
United States ............................ 5.9
Australia .................................... 5.8
Bahrain ...................................... 5.7
Netherlands............................... 5.7
United Kingdom ........................ 5.7
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.7
Luxembourg.............................. 5.7
France ....................................... 5.6
Belgium..................................... 5.6
Portugal..................................... 5.6
Malaysia .................................... 5.6
Canada ...................................... 5.6
South Africa .............................. 5.5
Senegal ..................................... 5.5
Panama ..................................... 5.5
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.5
Malta ......................................... 5.5
Ireland ....................................... 5.5
Estonia ...................................... 5.5
Jordan ....................................... 5.4
Barbados ................................... 5.4
Kuwait ....................................... 5.4
Chile .......................................... 5.4
India .......................................... 5.3
Sri Lanka ................................... 5.2
Cyprus....................................... 5.2
Turkey ....................................... 5.2
Czech Republic ......................... 5.2
Spain ......................................... 5.2
Guatemala................................. 5.2
Brazil ......................................... 5.2
Oman ........................................ 5.2
Tunisia....................................... 5.1
Namibia ..................................... 5.1
Philippines................................. 5.1
Lithuania.................................... 5.0
Indonesia................................... 5.0
Costa Rica................................. 5.0
Mauritius ................................... 5.0
Dominican Republic .................. 5.0
Slovak Republic......................... 5.0
Hungary..................................... 4.9
Kenya ........................................ 4.9
China ......................................... 4.9
Peru........................................... 4.9
Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.9
Cape Verde ............................... 4.8
Cte dIvoire ............................. 4.8
Azerbaijan.................................. 4.8
Honduras................................... 4.8
Lebanon .................................... 4.8
Rwanda ..................................... 4.8
Syria .......................................... 4.8
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.8
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.8
9.02
491
492
9.03
To what extent does foreign direct investment (FDI) bring new technology into your country? [1 = not at all; 7 = FDI is a key source of new technology] |
201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.6
Internet users
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
25
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
44
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
53
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
70
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Iceland.........................................95.0
Norway........................................93.4
Netherlands.................................90.7
Luxembourg................................90.6
Sweden.......................................90.0
Denmark .....................................88.7
Finland.........................................86.9
United Kingdom ..........................85.0
Switzerland .................................83.9
Korea, Rep. .................................83.7
New Zealand...............................83.0
Germany .....................................81.9
Canada ........................................81.6
France .........................................80.1
Japan...........................................80.0
Slovak Republic...........................79.4
Belgium.......................................79.3
United States ..............................79.0
United Arab Emirates..................78.0
Australia ......................................76.0
Estonia ........................................74.1
Austria.........................................72.7
Taiwan, China .............................71.5
Barbados .....................................70.2
Singapore ....................................70.0
Slovenia.......................................70.0
Ireland .........................................69.9
Hong Kong SAR ..........................69.4
Qatar ...........................................69.0
Czech Republic ...........................68.8
Latvia...........................................68.4
Israel ...........................................67.2
Spain ...........................................66.5
Hungary.......................................65.3
Malta ...........................................63.0
Oman ..........................................62.6
Poland .........................................62.3
Lithuania......................................62.1
Croatia.........................................60.3
Malaysia ......................................55.3
Bahrain ........................................55.0
Italy .............................................53.7
Cyprus.........................................53.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............52.0
Montenegro ................................52.0
Macedonia, FYR..........................51.9
Portugal.......................................51.1
Brunei Darussalam......................50.0
Morocco......................................49.0
Trinidad and Tobago....................48.5
Bulgaria .......................................46.2
Puerto Rico .................................45.3
Albania ........................................45.0
Chile ............................................45.0
Greece ........................................44.4
Uruguay.......................................43.4
Russian Federation .....................43.0
Panama .......................................42.8
Saudi Arabia ................................41.0
Serbia ..........................................40.9
Brazil ...........................................40.7
Moldova ......................................40.0
Romania ......................................39.9
Turkey .........................................39.8
Dominican Republic ....................39.5
Kuwait .........................................38.3
Jordan .........................................38.0
Armenia.......................................37.0
Tunisia.........................................36.8
Colombia .....................................36.5
Costa Rica...................................36.5
72
73
74
75
75
77
78
79
79
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
96
98
99
100
101
102
103
103
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
114
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
137
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Argentina.....................................36.0
Azerbaijan....................................36.0
Venezuela....................................35.6
China ...........................................34.3
Peru.............................................34.3
Kazakhstan ..................................34.0
Suriname.....................................31.6
Lebanon ......................................31.0
Mexico ........................................31.0
Cape Verde .................................30.0
Guyana ........................................29.9
Nigeria.........................................28.4
Vietnam.......................................27.6
Georgia........................................27.0
Egypt...........................................26.7
Jamaica .......................................26.1
Philippines...................................25.0
Mauritius .....................................24.9
Ecuador .......................................24.0
Paraguay .....................................23.6
Ukraine........................................23.0
Thailand.......................................21.2
Kenya ..........................................21.0
Syria ............................................20.7
Bolivia..........................................20.0
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................20.0
Pakistan.......................................16.8
Senegal .......................................16.0
El Salvador ..................................15.0
Belize ..........................................14.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................13.0
Algeria .........................................12.5
Uganda........................................12.5
South Africa ................................12.3
Sri Lanka .....................................12.0
Tajikistan .....................................11.6
Zimbabwe ...................................11.5
Honduras.....................................11.1
Tanzania ......................................11.0
Yemen.........................................10.9
Guatemala...................................10.5
Mongolia .....................................10.2
Angola .........................................10.0
Nicaragua ....................................10.0
Gambia, The..................................9.2
Indonesia.......................................9.1
Ghana............................................8.6
Haiti...............................................8.4
Swaziland ......................................8.0
Rwanda .........................................7.7
India ..............................................7.5
Nepal.............................................6.8
Zambia ..........................................6.7
Namibia .........................................6.5
Botswana ......................................6.0
Mozambique .................................4.2
Cameroon .....................................4.0
Lesotho .........................................3.9
Bangladesh ...................................3.7
Benin.............................................3.1
Mauritania .....................................3.0
Mali ...............................................2.7
Cte dIvoire .................................2.6
Malawi ..........................................2.3
Burundi..........................................2.1
Chad..............................................1.7
Madagascar...................................1.7
Burkina Faso .................................1.4
Cambodia ......................................1.3
Ethiopia .........................................0.8
Timor-Leste...................................0.2
SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2011 (June 2011 edition)
9.04
493
494
9.05
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
Switzerland .................................38.2
Netherlands.................................38.0
Denmark .....................................37.4
Korea, Rep. .................................36.6
Iceland.........................................34.6
Norway........................................34.6
France .........................................33.9
Luxembourg................................32.8
Germany .....................................31.6
Sweden.......................................31.6
Belgium.......................................31.5
United Kingdom ..........................31.4
Hong Kong SAR ..........................30.2
Canada ........................................29.8
Finland.........................................29.1
Malta ...........................................27.5
Japan...........................................26.9
United States ..............................26.3
Israel ...........................................25.1
New Zealand...............................24.9
Singapore ....................................24.7
Slovenia.......................................24.4
Estonia ........................................24.3
Austria.........................................23.9
Australia ......................................23.2
Spain ...........................................23.0
Ireland .........................................22.8
Taiwan, China .............................22.7
Italy .............................................22.1
Lithuania......................................20.6
Barbados .....................................20.6
Greece ........................................19.8
Hungary.......................................19.6
Portugal.......................................19.4
Latvia...........................................19.3
Croatia.........................................18.3
Cyprus.........................................17.6
Slovak Republic...........................16.1
Puerto Rico .................................14.7
Bulgaria .......................................14.7
Czech Republic ...........................14.7
Romania ......................................14.0
Poland .........................................13.2
Macedonia, FYR..........................12.5
Bahrain ........................................12.2
Uruguay.......................................11.4
Russian Federation .....................11.0
Trinidad and Tobago....................10.8
United Arab Emirates..................10.5
Chile ............................................10.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............10.4
Mexico ........................................10.0
Turkey ...........................................9.8
Argentina.......................................9.6
China .............................................9.4
Qatar .............................................9.2
Serbia ............................................8.5
Montenegro ..................................8.3
Ukraine..........................................8.1
Panama .........................................7.8
Moldova ........................................7.5
Malaysia ........................................7.3
Brazil .............................................7.2
Mauritius .......................................6.3
Costa Rica.....................................6.2
Colombia .......................................5.7
Saudi Arabia ..................................5.5
Azerbaijan......................................5.4
Brunei Darussalam........................5.4
Venezuela......................................5.4
Kazakhstan ....................................5.3
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Georgia..........................................5.1
Lebanon ........................................4.7
Tunisia...........................................4.6
Jamaica .........................................4.3
Vietnam.........................................4.1
Thailand.........................................3.9
Dominican Republic ......................3.6
Albania ..........................................3.4
Jordan ...........................................3.2
Peru...............................................3.1
Cape Verde ...................................3.0
Suriname.......................................3.0
Belize ............................................2.9
El Salvador ....................................2.8
Armenia.........................................2.7
Algeria ...........................................2.5
Mongolia .......................................2.3
Oman ............................................1.9
Philippines.....................................1.8
Egypt.............................................1.8
Guatemala.....................................1.8
Kuwait ...........................................1.7
Guyana ..........................................1.6
Morocco........................................1.6
South Africa ..................................1.5
Ecuador .........................................1.4
Sri Lanka .......................................1.0
Honduras.......................................1.0
Bolivia............................................1.0
India ..............................................0.9
Nicaragua ......................................0.8
Indonesia.......................................0.8
Iran, Islamic Rep. ..........................0.7
Senegal .........................................0.6
Paraguay .......................................0.6
Botswana ......................................0.6
Namibia .........................................0.4
Nepal.............................................0.4
Yemen...........................................0.3
Syria ..............................................0.3
Pakistan.........................................0.3
Benin.............................................0.3
Kyrgyz Republic ............................0.3
Zimbabwe .....................................0.3
Cambodia ......................................0.3
Ghana............................................0.2
Mauritania .....................................0.2
Swaziland ......................................0.1
Angola ...........................................0.1
Burkina Faso .................................0.1
Zambia ..........................................0.1
Tajikistan .......................................0.1
Nigeria...........................................0.1
Mozambique .................................0.1
Uganda..........................................0.1
Bangladesh ...................................0.0
Cte dIvoire .................................0.0
Malawi ..........................................0.0
Rwanda .........................................0.0
Madagascar...................................0.0
Gambia, The..................................0.0
Lesotho .........................................0.0
Timor-Leste...................................0.0
Mali ...............................................0.0
Kenya ............................................0.0
Tanzania ........................................0.0
Cameroon .....................................0.0
Ethiopia .........................................0.0
Burundi..........................................0.0
Chad..............................................0.0
Haiti1 .............................................0.0
SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2011 (June 2011 edition)
1 2008
Internet bandwidth
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Armenia.........................................3.4
Oman ............................................3.1
Kazakhstan ....................................2.9
Peru...............................................2.9
Philippines.....................................2.7
Ukraine..........................................2.6
Mauritius .......................................2.6
Belize ............................................2.6
Jordan ...........................................2.4
Venezuela......................................2.4
Morocco........................................2.3
Thailand.........................................2.3
Mexico ..........................................2.3
Guyana ..........................................1.9
Egypt.............................................1.8
Ecuador .........................................1.7
Vietnam.........................................1.5
Dominican Republic ......................1.4
Algeria ...........................................1.0
Suriname.......................................1.0
Nicaragua ......................................0.9
Bolivia............................................0.9
China .............................................0.8
Paraguay .......................................0.8
Honduras.......................................0.7
Cape Verde ...................................0.6
Lebanon ........................................0.6
Kenya ............................................0.5
India ..............................................0.4
Pakistan.........................................0.4
Guatemala.....................................0.4
Iran, Islamic Rep. ..........................0.4
Sri Lanka .......................................0.4
Botswana ......................................0.4
Senegal .........................................0.4
Cambodia ......................................0.4
Indonesia.......................................0.3
Namibia .........................................0.3
Syria ..............................................0.3
El Salvador ....................................0.2
South Africa ..................................0.2
Cte dIvoire .................................0.2
Ghana............................................0.2
Rwanda .........................................0.2
Nepal.............................................0.1
Yemen...........................................0.1
Bangladesh ...................................0.1
Uganda..........................................0.1
Gambia, The..................................0.1
Madagascar...................................0.1
Mauritania .....................................0.1
Tanzania ........................................0.1
Benin.............................................0.1
Angola ...........................................0.1
Kyrgyz Republic ............................0.1
Mozambique .................................0.1
Mali ...............................................0.1
Burkina Faso .................................0.0
Swaziland ......................................0.0
Ethiopia .........................................0.0
Zambia ..........................................0.0
Tajikistan .......................................0.0
Zimbabwe .....................................0.0
Nigeria...........................................0.0
Cameroon .....................................0.0
Timor-Leste...................................0.0
Haiti...............................................0.0
Malawi ..........................................0.0
Lesotho .........................................0.0
Burundi..........................................0.0
Chad..............................................0.0
SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2011 (June 2011 edition)
9.06
495
Data Tables
Section X
Market size
498
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Croatia...........................................3.4
Puerto Rico ...................................3.4
Kenya ............................................3.4
Lebanon ........................................3.4
Yemen...........................................3.3
Tanzania ........................................3.3
Ghana............................................3.3
Oman ............................................3.3
Azerbaijan......................................3.2
Lithuania........................................3.2
Slovenia.........................................3.1
Costa Rica.....................................3.1
Panama .........................................3.1
El Salvador ....................................3.1
Uruguay.........................................3.0
Uganda..........................................3.0
Cameroon .....................................3.0
Bolivia............................................3.0
Nepal.............................................3.0
Jordan ...........................................3.0
Paraguay .......................................2.9
Honduras.......................................2.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina ...............2.9
Cambodia ......................................2.8
Cte dIvoire .................................2.8
Latvia.............................................2.8
Botswana ......................................2.8
Albania ..........................................2.7
Senegal .........................................2.7
Jamaica .........................................2.7
Georgia..........................................2.7
Mozambique .................................2.6
Madagascar...................................2.6
Cyprus...........................................2.6
Nicaragua ......................................2.6
Macedonia, FYR............................2.6
Estonia ..........................................2.5
Burkina Faso .................................2.5
Armenia.........................................2.5
Luxembourg..................................2.5
Chad..............................................2.5
Mauritius .......................................2.5
Zambia ..........................................2.4
Tajikistan .......................................2.4
Bahrain ..........................................2.4
Mali ...............................................2.4
Kyrgyz Republic ............................2.3
Haiti...............................................2.3
Trinidad and Tobago......................2.3
Namibia .........................................2.3
Benin.............................................2.3
Moldova ........................................2.3
Rwanda .........................................2.2
Malawi ..........................................2.2
Mongolia .......................................2.1
Brunei Darussalam........................2.1
Iceland...........................................2.0
Malta .............................................2.0
Montenegro ..................................1.9
Mauritania .....................................1.8
Timor-Leste...................................1.7
Swaziland ......................................1.7
Guyana ..........................................1.7
Barbados .......................................1.7
Zimbabwe .....................................1.7
Lesotho .........................................1.6
Burundi..........................................1.4
Gambia, The..................................1.4
Suriname.......................................1.3
Belize ............................................1.1
Cape Verde ...................................1.0
SOURCE: Authors calculation. For more details refer to the appendix to Chapter 1.1 of this Report.
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
China .............................................7.0
United States ................................6.7
Germany .......................................6.5
India ..............................................6.2
Korea, Rep. ...................................6.2
Hong Kong SAR ............................6.1
Japan.............................................6.1
Russian Federation .......................6.1
United Kingdom ............................6.0
Singapore ......................................6.0
Taiwan, China ...............................6.0
Netherlands...................................6.0
France ...........................................6.0
Mexico ..........................................5.9
Italy ...............................................5.9
Thailand.........................................5.8
Belgium.........................................5.8
Malaysia ........................................5.8
Canada ..........................................5.7
Spain .............................................5.7
Saudi Arabia ..................................5.7
Poland ...........................................5.6
Indonesia.......................................5.5
Brazil .............................................5.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ..........................5.4
Vietnam.........................................5.4
Czech Republic .............................5.4
Turkey ...........................................5.3
Australia ........................................5.3
Austria...........................................5.3
Ireland ...........................................5.3
United Arab Emirates....................5.3
Sweden.........................................5.2
Switzerland ...................................5.2
Hungary.........................................5.2
Ukraine..........................................5.2
Argentina.......................................5.1
South Africa ..................................5.1
Nigeria...........................................5.0
Philippines.....................................5.0
Egypt.............................................5.0
Norway..........................................4.9
Denmark .......................................4.9
Chile ..............................................4.9
Slovak Republic.............................4.9
Romania ........................................4.9
Kazakhstan ....................................4.8
Algeria ...........................................4.8
Israel .............................................4.8
Venezuela......................................4.8
Kuwait ...........................................4.8
Portugal.........................................4.8
Puerto Rico ...................................4.8
Finland...........................................4.7
Qatar .............................................4.7
Peru...............................................4.7
Colombia .......................................4.7
Luxembourg..................................4.7
Pakistan.........................................4.6
Greece ..........................................4.6
Angola ...........................................4.6
Bulgaria .........................................4.5
Bangladesh ...................................4.5
Azerbaijan......................................4.5
Tunisia...........................................4.5
Oman ............................................4.5
Morocco........................................4.4
Slovenia.........................................4.4
Lithuania........................................4.3
Ecuador .........................................4.3
Lebanon ........................................4.3
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
New Zealand.................................4.2
Syria ..............................................4.2
Croatia...........................................4.2
Bahrain ..........................................4.0
Sri Lanka .......................................4.0
Serbia ............................................3.9
Estonia ..........................................3.9
Costa Rica.....................................3.9
Dominican Republic ......................3.9
Trinidad and Tobago......................3.9
Cte dIvoire .................................3.9
Yemen...........................................3.9
Guatemala.....................................3.9
Ghana............................................3.9
Latvia.............................................3.8
Cambodia ......................................3.8
Bolivia............................................3.8
Kenya ............................................3.8
Brunei Darussalam........................3.8
Jordan ...........................................3.7
Tanzania ........................................3.7
Honduras.......................................3.7
Panama .........................................3.6
El Salvador ....................................3.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina ...............3.6
Paraguay .......................................3.5
Uruguay.........................................3.5
Cyprus...........................................3.5
Botswana ......................................3.5
Uganda..........................................3.5
Macedonia, FYR............................3.4
Cameroon .....................................3.4
Mauritius .......................................3.4
Ethiopia .........................................3.4
Malta .............................................3.3
Albania ..........................................3.3
Zambia ..........................................3.3
Chad..............................................3.3
Jamaica .........................................3.3
Iceland...........................................3.3
Nicaragua ......................................3.2
Mongolia .......................................3.2
Georgia..........................................3.2
Senegal .........................................3.2
Mozambique .................................3.2
Kyrgyz Republic ............................3.1
Namibia .........................................3.1
Mali ...............................................3.0
Moldova ........................................3.0
Nepal.............................................2.9
Madagascar...................................2.9
Zimbabwe .....................................2.9
Tajikistan .......................................2.8
Mauritania .....................................2.8
Swaziland ......................................2.8
Armenia.........................................2.8
Barbados .......................................2.8
Malawi ..........................................2.7
Benin.............................................2.7
Suriname.......................................2.7
Guyana ..........................................2.6
Montenegro ..................................2.6
Burkina Faso .................................2.6
Haiti...............................................2.4
Lesotho .........................................2.3
Belize ............................................2.2
Rwanda .........................................2.1
Cape Verde ...................................1.8
Gambia, The..................................1.6
Timor-Leste...................................1.4
Burundi..........................................1.0
SOURCE: Authors calculation. For more details refer to the appendix to Chapter 1.1 of this Report.
499
500
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Croatia.........................................78.1
Oman ..........................................75.8
Guatemala...................................70.2
Kenya ..........................................66.0
Puerto Rico .................................64.8
Yemen.........................................63.4
Ghana..........................................62.0
Lebanon ......................................59.4
Tanzania ......................................58.4
Lithuania......................................56.6
Slovenia.......................................56.6
Costa Rica...................................51.2
Uruguay.......................................48.0
Bolivia..........................................47.9
Panama .......................................44.4
Cameroon ...................................44.3
El Salvador ..................................43.6
Uganda........................................42.2
Luxembourg................................41.1
Cte dIvoire ...............................37.0
Nepal...........................................35.8
Jordan .........................................34.5
Honduras.....................................33.6
Paraguay .....................................33.3
Latvia...........................................32.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina .............30.3
Cambodia ....................................30.2
Bahrain ........................................29.7
Botswana ....................................28.5
Trinidad and Tobago....................26.1
Estonia ........................................24.7
Senegal .......................................23.9
Albania ........................................23.9
Jamaica .......................................23.7
Cyprus.........................................23.2
Georgia........................................22.4
Mozambique ...............................21.8
Brunei Darussalam......................20.4
Zambia ........................................20.0
Macedonia, FYR..........................20.0
Burkina Faso ...............................20.0
Madagascar.................................19.4
Mauritius .....................................18.1
Nicaragua ....................................17.7
Chad............................................17.4
Armenia.......................................16.9
Mali .............................................16.8
Tajikistan .....................................14.7
Namibia .......................................14.6
Benin...........................................14.0
Malawi ........................................13.0
Rwanda .......................................12.2
Kyrgyz Republic ..........................12.0
Iceland.........................................11.8
Haiti.............................................11.5
Mongolia .....................................11.0
Moldova ......................................11.0
Malta ...........................................10.4
Montenegro ..................................6.7
Mauritania .....................................6.7
Barbados .......................................6.2
Swaziland ......................................6.1
Zimbabwe .....................................5.5
Guyana ..........................................5.4
Suriname.......................................4.7
Gambia, The..................................3.5
Burundi..........................................3.4
Lesotho .........................................3.3
Timor-Leste...................................3.1
Belize ............................................2.7
Cape Verde ...................................1.9
SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2011 edition); national sources
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Zambia2.......................................35.6
Montenegro ................................35.4
Bolivia..........................................34.9
Nicaragua ....................................34.9
Algeria2 .......................................34.3
Philippines...................................33.8
Nigeria2 .......................................32.4
Paraguay .....................................32.4
Ecuador .......................................31.6
Portugal.......................................31.2
Albania ........................................31.1
Cape Verde .................................30.5
Russian Federation .....................30.3
Mexico ........................................30.3
China ...........................................29.7
Yemen2 .......................................29.2
Ghana2 ........................................29.1
Jamaica .......................................28.8
Canada ........................................28.8
New Zealand...............................28.7
Syria2 ..........................................28.6
Morocco......................................28.6
United Kingdom ..........................28.1
Mali2 ...........................................26.9
Iran, Islamic Rep.2 ......................26.9
South Africa ................................26.9
Mozambique2 .............................26.8
Italy .............................................26.5
Georgia........................................26.3
Spain ...........................................25.9
Peru.............................................25.8
Guatemala...................................25.8
France .........................................25.6
Tanzania ......................................25.4
Serbia ..........................................25.3
Panama .......................................25.2
El Salvador ..................................25.1
Indonesia.....................................24.7
Kenya ..........................................24.7
Senegal2 .....................................24.4
Uganda........................................24.0
Venezuela....................................23.2
Tajikistan2 ...................................23.1
Egypt...........................................23.0
Uruguay.......................................22.4
Malawi ........................................22.4
Dominican Republic ....................22.1
Sri Lanka2 ...................................22.0
Argentina.....................................21.9
India ............................................21.2
Australia ......................................21.1
Benin2 .........................................20.5
Cameroon2..................................20.4
Turkey .........................................19.8
Bangladesh .................................19.4
Madagascar2 ...............................19.1
Greece ........................................19.0
Armenia.......................................17.9
Japan...........................................16.6
Colombia .....................................15.4
Pakistan.......................................13.9
Haiti.............................................13.8
United States ..............................12.2
Gambia, The2 ..............................12.1
Burkina Faso2 .............................11.6
Brazil ...........................................11.1
Nepal2 .........................................10.6
Ethiopia2 .....................................10.2
Timor-Leste2 .................................9.9
Rwanda2 .......................................8.5
Burundi2 ........................................5.0
SOURCE: World Trade Organization, Statistics Database: Time Series on International Trade (accessed July 4, 2011); Economist Intelligence Unit,
1 2008
2 2009
501
Data Tables
Section XI
Business sophistication
504
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
Japan......................................... 6.4
Qatar ......................................... 5.9
Germany ................................... 5.9
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.9
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.8
Switzerland ............................... 5.7
Austria....................................... 5.7
Belgium..................................... 5.7
Netherlands............................... 5.6
Brazil ......................................... 5.6
Italy ........................................... 5.6
United States ............................ 5.5
United Kingdom ........................ 5.5
India .......................................... 5.5
Malaysia .................................... 5.5
Poland ....................................... 5.5
Spain ......................................... 5.4
Sweden..................................... 5.4
China ......................................... 5.4
United Arab Emirates................ 5.4
France ....................................... 5.4
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.3
Czech Republic ......................... 5.3
Thailand..................................... 5.3
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.3
Lebanon .................................... 5.3
Malta ......................................... 5.3
Tunisia....................................... 5.2
Sri Lanka ................................... 5.2
Canada ...................................... 5.2
Kuwait ....................................... 5.2
Vietnam..................................... 5.2
Turkey ....................................... 5.1
Mauritania ................................. 5.1
Guatemala................................. 5.1
Israel ......................................... 5.1
Denmark ................................... 5.1
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.1
Kenya ........................................ 5.1
Bahrain ...................................... 5.1
Morocco.................................... 5.1
Peru........................................... 5.0
Costa Rica................................. 5.0
Uganda...................................... 5.0
Lithuania.................................... 5.0
Australia .................................... 5.0
South Africa .............................. 5.0
Slovak Republic......................... 5.0
Yemen....................................... 5.0
Syria .......................................... 5.0
Panama ..................................... 5.0
Philippines................................. 5.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.9
Nigeria....................................... 4.9
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.9
Portugal..................................... 4.9
Indonesia................................... 4.9
New Zealand............................. 4.9
Oman ........................................ 4.9
Singapore .................................. 4.9
Norway...................................... 4.9
Chile .......................................... 4.9
Mexico ...................................... 4.8
Jordan ....................................... 4.8
Egypt......................................... 4.8
Colombia ................................... 4.8
El Salvador ................................ 4.8
Dominican Republic .................. 4.8
Greece ...................................... 4.8
Senegal ..................................... 4.8
Gambia, The.............................. 4.8
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.7
How would you assess the quality of local suppliers in your country? [1 = very poor; 7 = very good] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.5
505
506
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Uruguay..................................... 3.4
Malta ......................................... 3.4
Egypt......................................... 3.4
Jamaica ..................................... 3.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.3
El Salvador ................................ 3.3
Tunisia....................................... 3.3
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.3
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.3
Guyana ...................................... 3.3
Jordan ....................................... 3.3
Namibia ..................................... 3.3
Estonia ...................................... 3.3
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.3
Bolivia........................................ 3.3
Nepal......................................... 3.3
Croatia....................................... 3.2
Tanzania .................................... 3.2
Lebanon .................................... 3.2
Ecuador ..................................... 3.2
Russian Federation ................... 3.2
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.2
Latvia......................................... 3.1
Ghana........................................ 3.1
Mozambique ............................. 3.1
Syria .......................................... 3.1
Botswana .................................. 3.1
Hungary..................................... 3.1
Barbados ................................... 3.1
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.0
Georgia...................................... 3.0
Lesotho ..................................... 3.0
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.0
Timor-Leste............................... 3.0
Poland ....................................... 3.0
Nicaragua .................................. 2.9
Armenia..................................... 2.9
Swaziland .................................. 2.9
Mali ........................................... 2.9
Paraguay ................................... 2.9
Uganda...................................... 2.9
Senegal ..................................... 2.9
Lithuania.................................... 2.8
Greece ...................................... 2.8
Romania .................................... 2.8
Montenegro .............................. 2.8
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.8
Ukraine...................................... 2.7
Venezuela.................................. 2.7
Mongolia ................................... 2.7
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.6
Cameroon ................................. 2.6
Yemen....................................... 2.6
Belize ........................................ 2.5
Mauritania ................................. 2.5
Cape Verde ............................... 2.5
Serbia ........................................ 2.5
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.4
Albania ...................................... 2.4
Tajikistan ................................... 2.4
Moldova .................................... 2.4
Chad.......................................... 2.4
Haiti........................................... 2.4
Benin......................................... 2.4
Madagascar............................... 2.3
Algeria ....................................... 2.3
Suriname................................... 2.3
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.2
Angola ....................................... 2.1
Burkina Faso ............................. 2.0
Burundi...................................... 1.9
MEAN: 3.6
What is the nature of competitive advantage of your countrys companies in international markets based upon? [1 = low-cost or natural resources;
7 = unique products and processes] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
Japan......................................... 6.5
Switzerland ............................... 6.4
Denmark ................................... 6.2
Germany ................................... 6.1
United Kingdom ........................ 6.0
Finland....................................... 5.9
Italy ........................................... 5.9
Israel ......................................... 5.8
Belgium..................................... 5.8
Netherlands............................... 5.8
Sweden..................................... 5.8
Austria....................................... 5.8
Luxembourg.............................. 5.7
France ....................................... 5.6
Singapore .................................. 5.5
Ireland ....................................... 5.4
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.3
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.2
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.2
United States ............................ 5.2
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.1
Barbados ................................... 5.1
Qatar ......................................... 4.7
Cyprus....................................... 4.6
United Arab Emirates................ 4.5
Lebanon .................................... 4.5
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.5
Norway...................................... 4.4
Malaysia .................................... 4.3
Costa Rica................................. 4.3
Spain ......................................... 4.2
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.1
Malta ......................................... 4.1
Slovenia..................................... 4.0
Jamaica ..................................... 4.0
Azerbaijan.................................. 4.0
Iceland....................................... 4.0
Czech Republic ......................... 3.9
Bahrain ...................................... 3.9
Belize ........................................ 3.9
Indonesia................................... 3.9
Portugal..................................... 3.9
Latvia......................................... 3.9
Mauritius ................................... 3.8
China ......................................... 3.8
Oman ........................................ 3.7
Montenegro .............................. 3.7
New Zealand............................. 3.7
Croatia....................................... 3.7
Tunisia....................................... 3.7
Egypt......................................... 3.6
Panama ..................................... 3.6
Jordan ....................................... 3.6
Armenia..................................... 3.6
Rwanda ..................................... 3.6
Lithuania.................................... 3.6
Greece ...................................... 3.6
Estonia ...................................... 3.6
Kenya ........................................ 3.6
India .......................................... 3.5
Gambia, The.............................. 3.5
Cape Verde ............................... 3.5
Hungary..................................... 3.5
El Salvador ................................ 3.5
Nigeria....................................... 3.4
Cambodia .................................. 3.4
Australia .................................... 3.4
Kuwait ....................................... 3.4
Guyana ...................................... 3.4
Poland ....................................... 3.4
Canada ...................................... 3.4
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
507
508
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.7
Japan......................................... 6.3
Sweden..................................... 6.2
Switzerland ............................... 6.1
Germany ................................... 6.1
Austria....................................... 5.7
Netherlands............................... 5.6
Finland....................................... 5.6
France ....................................... 5.5
United Kingdom ........................ 5.4
Singapore .................................. 5.3
Italy ........................................... 5.3
Denmark ................................... 5.3
Israel ......................................... 5.2
United States ............................ 5.1
Ireland ....................................... 5.1
Belgium..................................... 5.0
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.0
United Arab Emirates................ 5.0
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.0
Luxembourg.............................. 5.0
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.9
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.9
Malaysia .................................... 4.8
Spain ......................................... 4.5
Tunisia....................................... 4.4
Mauritius ................................... 4.4
Qatar ......................................... 4.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.4
Indonesia................................... 4.4
Czech Republic ......................... 4.3
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.3
Costa Rica................................. 4.2
Lebanon .................................... 4.2
Norway...................................... 4.1
Malta ......................................... 4.1
Thailand..................................... 4.1
Lithuania.................................... 4.1
Iceland....................................... 4.1
Panama ..................................... 4.0
Mexico ...................................... 4.0
Canada ...................................... 4.0
India .......................................... 4.0
Azerbaijan.................................. 4.0
Portugal..................................... 4.0
China ......................................... 4.0
Cyprus....................................... 4.0
Kenya ........................................ 3.9
Bahrain ...................................... 3.9
Turkey ....................................... 3.8
Slovenia..................................... 3.8
Barbados ................................... 3.8
Brazil ......................................... 3.8
Senegal ..................................... 3.8
Poland ....................................... 3.8
Guatemala................................. 3.8
Hungary..................................... 3.8
Nigeria....................................... 3.7
Oman ........................................ 3.7
New Zealand............................. 3.7
Honduras................................... 3.7
Chile .......................................... 3.7
Colombia ................................... 3.7
Slovak Republic......................... 3.6
Benin......................................... 3.6
Estonia ...................................... 3.6
Jordan ....................................... 3.6
Philippines................................. 3.6
Egypt......................................... 3.6
Latvia......................................... 3.6
Uruguay..................................... 3.5
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.5
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Pakistan..................................... 3.5
Montenegro .............................. 3.5
Gambia, The.............................. 3.5
Australia .................................... 3.5
Ukraine...................................... 3.5
El Salvador ................................ 3.5
Cambodia .................................. 3.5
Morocco.................................... 3.4
Bangladesh ............................... 3.4
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.4
Ecuador ..................................... 3.3
Greece ...................................... 3.3
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.3
Rwanda ..................................... 3.3
Dominican Republic .................. 3.3
Georgia...................................... 3.3
Cameroon ................................. 3.3
Belize ........................................ 3.3
Argentina................................... 3.3
Peru........................................... 3.3
Moldova .................................... 3.3
Guyana ...................................... 3.3
Bolivia........................................ 3.2
Jamaica ..................................... 3.2
Kuwait ....................................... 3.2
Mauritania ................................. 3.2
Tanzania .................................... 3.1
Paraguay ................................... 3.1
South Africa .............................. 3.1
Vietnam..................................... 3.1
Croatia....................................... 3.1
Romania .................................... 3.1
Malawi ...................................... 3.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.1
Syria .......................................... 3.1
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.1
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.1
Nicaragua .................................. 3.1
Tajikistan ................................... 3.1
Zambia ...................................... 3.0
Ghana........................................ 3.0
Serbia ........................................ 3.0
Mali ........................................... 3.0
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.0
Uganda...................................... 3.0
Suriname................................... 2.9
Haiti........................................... 2.9
Timor-Leste............................... 2.9
Botswana .................................. 2.9
Armenia..................................... 2.9
Mongolia ................................... 2.9
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.8
Russian Federation ................... 2.8
Namibia ..................................... 2.8
Chad.......................................... 2.8
Lesotho ..................................... 2.8
Mozambique ............................. 2.8
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.8
Madagascar............................... 2.8
Albania ...................................... 2.7
Algeria ....................................... 2.7
Nepal......................................... 2.6
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.5
Burundi...................................... 2.5
Swaziland .................................. 2.5
Yemen....................................... 2.5
Cape Verde ............................... 2.4
Burkina Faso ............................. 2.3
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.3
Venezuela.................................. 2.2
Angola ....................................... 1.8
MEAN: 3.7
To what extent are international distribution and marketing from your country owned and controlled by domestic companies? [1 = not at all, they take place
through foreign companies; 7 = extensively, they are primarily owned and controlled by domestic companies] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.0
Japan......................................... 5.7
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.3
Austria....................................... 5.3
Germany ................................... 5.3
Iceland....................................... 5.3
Switzerland ............................... 5.3
Qatar ......................................... 5.1
Sweden..................................... 5.1
United States ............................ 5.1
Denmark ................................... 5.1
Lebanon .................................... 5.1
Malaysia .................................... 5.0
Israel ......................................... 5.0
Netherlands............................... 4.9
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.9
Finland....................................... 4.9
United Arab Emirates................ 4.9
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.8
France ....................................... 4.8
United Kingdom ........................ 4.8
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.8
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.7
Albania ...................................... 4.7
Mauritius ................................... 4.7
Norway...................................... 4.6
South Africa .............................. 4.6
Turkey ....................................... 4.6
Kuwait ....................................... 4.5
Brazil ......................................... 4.5
Bahrain ...................................... 4.5
Oman ........................................ 4.5
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.5
New Zealand............................. 4.4
Canada ...................................... 4.4
Tunisia....................................... 4.4
Lithuania.................................... 4.4
China ......................................... 4.4
Cyprus....................................... 4.4
Belgium..................................... 4.4
Slovenia..................................... 4.3
Chile .......................................... 4.3
Thailand..................................... 4.3
Indonesia................................... 4.3
Spain ......................................... 4.3
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.2
Guatemala................................. 4.2
Philippines................................. 4.2
Montenegro .............................. 4.2
Dominican Republic .................. 4.2
Italy ........................................... 4.2
India .......................................... 4.2
Syria .......................................... 4.2
Colombia ................................... 4.2
Australia .................................... 4.2
Singapore .................................. 4.2
Malta ......................................... 4.2
Barbados ................................... 4.2
Panama ..................................... 4.2
Peru........................................... 4.1
Luxembourg.............................. 4.1
Greece ...................................... 4.1
Guyana ...................................... 4.1
Jordan ....................................... 4.1
Costa Rica................................. 4.1
Nigeria....................................... 4.1
Kenya ........................................ 4.0
Uruguay..................................... 4.0
Honduras................................... 4.0
Portugal..................................... 4.0
Mexico ...................................... 4.0
Estonia ...................................... 4.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.0
509
510
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.8
Japan......................................... 6.5
Switzerland ............................... 6.4
Germany ................................... 6.3
Sweden..................................... 6.3
Finland....................................... 6.2
Netherlands............................... 6.0
Belgium..................................... 5.9
Austria....................................... 5.9
Denmark ................................... 5.8
Ireland ....................................... 5.7
Norway...................................... 5.7
Luxembourg.............................. 5.7
Singapore .................................. 5.6
France ....................................... 5.6
United States ............................ 5.6
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.6
United Kingdom ........................ 5.5
Israel ......................................... 5.5
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.5
Qatar ......................................... 5.4
Canada ...................................... 5.4
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.3
Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.2
Iceland....................................... 5.2
Australia .................................... 5.2
United Arab Emirates................ 5.1
Malaysia .................................... 4.9
Italy ........................................... 4.8
Brazil ......................................... 4.8
New Zealand............................. 4.7
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.6
Costa Rica................................. 4.6
Czech Republic ......................... 4.6
Chile .......................................... 4.5
Spain ......................................... 4.5
Malta ......................................... 4.4
Slovak Republic......................... 4.4
Turkey ....................................... 4.4
Portugal..................................... 4.4
Bahrain ...................................... 4.4
South Africa .............................. 4.3
Oman ........................................ 4.3
Estonia ...................................... 4.2
India .......................................... 4.2
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.1
Mexico ...................................... 4.1
Barbados ................................... 4.1
Slovenia..................................... 4.1
Mauritius ................................... 4.0
Albania ...................................... 4.0
Poland ....................................... 4.0
China ......................................... 4.0
Lithuania.................................... 3.9
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.9
Hungary..................................... 3.9
Indonesia................................... 3.9
Argentina................................... 3.9
Panama ..................................... 3.8
Tunisia....................................... 3.8
Kenya ........................................ 3.8
Thailand..................................... 3.8
Egypt......................................... 3.8
Jordan ....................................... 3.8
Greece ...................................... 3.7
Colombia ................................... 3.7
Guatemala................................. 3.7
Uruguay..................................... 3.7
Cyprus....................................... 3.7
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.7
Latvia......................................... 3.6
Peru........................................... 3.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Philippines................................. 3.6
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.5
Pakistan..................................... 3.5
Kuwait ....................................... 3.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.5
Morocco.................................... 3.5
Ukraine...................................... 3.5
Syria .......................................... 3.5
Nigeria....................................... 3.4
Lebanon .................................... 3.4
Montenegro .............................. 3.4
Senegal ..................................... 3.3
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.3
Croatia....................................... 3.3
Ecuador ..................................... 3.3
Armenia..................................... 3.3
Rwanda ..................................... 3.3
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.3
Jamaica ..................................... 3.3
Romania .................................... 3.3
Honduras................................... 3.2
Bolivia........................................ 3.2
Guyana ...................................... 3.2
Namibia ..................................... 3.2
Dominican Republic .................. 3.2
Tajikistan ................................... 3.2
Venezuela.................................. 3.2
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.2
Gambia, The.............................. 3.2
Botswana .................................. 3.2
Cambodia .................................. 3.2
Mongolia ................................... 3.2
Cameroon ................................. 3.2
El Salvador ................................ 3.1
Zambia ...................................... 3.1
Russian Federation ................... 3.1
Vietnam..................................... 3.0
Paraguay ................................... 3.0
Georgia...................................... 3.0
Benin......................................... 3.0
Suriname................................... 3.0
Cape Verde ............................... 3.0
Ghana........................................ 3.0
Bangladesh ............................... 2.9
Tanzania .................................... 2.9
Algeria ....................................... 2.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 2.9
Mozambique ............................. 2.9
Nicaragua .................................. 2.8
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.8
Moldova .................................... 2.8
Malawi ...................................... 2.8
Belize ........................................ 2.7
Angola ....................................... 2.6
Swaziland .................................. 2.6
Chad.......................................... 2.6
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.6
Serbia ........................................ 2.6
Uganda...................................... 2.5
Lesotho ..................................... 2.5
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.4
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.4
Madagascar............................... 2.4
Burkina Faso ............................. 2.4
Nepal......................................... 2.4
Mali ........................................... 2.3
Haiti........................................... 2.1
Mauritania ................................. 2.1
Burundi...................................... 2.1
Yemen....................................... 2.1
Timor-Leste............................... 2.1
MEAN: 3.8
In your country, to what extent do companies use sophisticated marketing tools and techniques? [1 = very little; 7 = extensively] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.1
Sweden..................................... 6.1
United Kingdom ........................ 6.0
United States ............................ 5.9
Netherlands............................... 5.9
Switzerland ............................... 5.8
Qatar ......................................... 5.7
Austria....................................... 5.7
France ....................................... 5.7
Japan......................................... 5.7
Germany ................................... 5.6
Canada ...................................... 5.6
Denmark ................................... 5.6
Belgium..................................... 5.5
Israel ......................................... 5.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.4
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 5.4
Singapore .................................. 5.3
Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.3
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.3
Luxembourg.............................. 5.3
Australia .................................... 5.3
Norway...................................... 5.2
Ireland ....................................... 5.2
United Arab Emirates................ 5.2
Brazil ......................................... 5.2
Finland....................................... 5.2
New Zealand............................. 5.1
Iceland....................................... 5.1
Malaysia .................................... 5.1
Chile .......................................... 5.0
South Africa .............................. 4.9
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.9
Albania ...................................... 4.9
Panama ..................................... 4.8
Czech Republic ......................... 4.7
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.7
Turkey ....................................... 4.7
Spain ......................................... 4.7
Portugal..................................... 4.6
Philippines................................. 4.6
Lebanon .................................... 4.6
Slovak Republic......................... 4.6
China ......................................... 4.5
Lithuania.................................... 4.5
Hungary..................................... 4.5
Barbados ................................... 4.5
Italy ........................................... 4.4
Thailand..................................... 4.4
Bahrain ...................................... 4.4
Costa Rica................................. 4.4
Guatemala................................. 4.4
Montenegro .............................. 4.3
Estonia ...................................... 4.3
Argentina................................... 4.3
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.3
Malta ......................................... 4.3
Cyprus....................................... 4.3
India .......................................... 4.2
Mexico ...................................... 4.2
Slovenia..................................... 4.2
Indonesia................................... 4.2
Kuwait ....................................... 4.2
Peru........................................... 4.2
Tunisia....................................... 4.2
Poland ....................................... 4.2
Mauritius ................................... 4.2
Greece ...................................... 4.2
Oman ........................................ 4.1
Kenya ........................................ 4.1
Latvia......................................... 4.1
Uruguay..................................... 4.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.1
511
512
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.7
Sweden..................................... 6.3
Denmark ................................... 6.0
Norway...................................... 5.8
Qatar ......................................... 5.7
Netherlands............................... 5.7
Switzerland ............................... 5.3
Finland....................................... 5.2
New Zealand............................. 5.2
Canada ...................................... 5.1
United States ............................ 5.1
Australia .................................... 5.0
Iceland....................................... 5.0
Belgium..................................... 5.0
Malaysia .................................... 4.9
Germany ................................... 4.8
United Kingdom ........................ 4.8
Israel ......................................... 4.7
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.7
Japan......................................... 4.7
Ireland ....................................... 4.6
Singapore .................................. 4.6
United Arab Emirates................ 4.5
Austria....................................... 4.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 4.4
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.4
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.4
Luxembourg.............................. 4.4
Bahrain ...................................... 4.4
Estonia ...................................... 4.4
Kuwait ....................................... 4.3
Yemen....................................... 4.3
South Africa .............................. 4.3
Philippines................................. 4.2
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.2
Costa Rica................................. 4.2
Oman ........................................ 4.1
Gambia, The.............................. 4.1
Brazil ......................................... 4.1
Barbados ................................... 4.0
Albania ...................................... 4.0
Malta ......................................... 4.0
India .......................................... 3.9
Panama ..................................... 3.9
Rwanda ..................................... 3.9
Czech Republic ......................... 3.9
Malawi ...................................... 3.9
Nigeria....................................... 3.9
Egypt......................................... 3.9
Colombia ................................... 3.9
Montenegro .............................. 3.9
Slovenia..................................... 3.9
Poland ....................................... 3.9
Honduras................................... 3.8
China ......................................... 3.8
France ....................................... 3.8
Indonesia................................... 3.8
Guatemala................................. 3.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.8
Cyprus....................................... 3.8
Lithuania.................................... 3.8
Mauritius ................................... 3.7
Zambia ...................................... 3.7
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.7
Chile .......................................... 3.7
Spain ......................................... 3.7
El Salvador ................................ 3.6
Peru........................................... 3.6
Argentina................................... 3.6
Mexico ...................................... 3.6
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.6
Latvia......................................... 3.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.7
Data Tables
Section XII
Innovation
514
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.2
Japan......................................... 5.8
Switzerland ............................... 5.8
Germany ................................... 5.7
Sweden..................................... 5.7
Finland....................................... 5.6
Israel ......................................... 5.3
United States ............................ 5.2
France ....................................... 5.1
Denmark ................................... 5.1
Netherlands............................... 5.0
Qatar ......................................... 5.0
Austria....................................... 4.8
United Kingdom ........................ 4.8
Belgium..................................... 4.7
Taiwan, China ........................... 4.7
Luxembourg.............................. 4.5
Norway...................................... 4.5
Iceland....................................... 4.4
Malaysia .................................... 4.3
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.3
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.3
Singapore .................................. 4.3
China ......................................... 4.2
Canada ...................................... 4.1
Czech Republic ......................... 4.0
Italy ........................................... 4.0
Australia .................................... 4.0
Slovenia..................................... 3.9
New Zealand............................. 3.8
Indonesia................................... 3.8
Brazil ......................................... 3.8
United Arab Emirates................ 3.8
Ireland ....................................... 3.8
Estonia ...................................... 3.7
India .......................................... 3.6
Spain ......................................... 3.5
Portugal..................................... 3.5
Russian Federation ................... 3.5
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 3.5
Costa Rica................................. 3.4
Hungary..................................... 3.4
Ukraine...................................... 3.4
Latvia......................................... 3.4
Tunisia....................................... 3.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 3.4
South Africa .............................. 3.4
Kenya ........................................ 3.3
Lithuania.................................... 3.3
Poland ....................................... 3.3
Sri Lanka ................................... 3.3
Pakistan..................................... 3.3
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.2
Montenegro .............................. 3.2
Nigeria....................................... 3.2
Tanzania .................................... 3.2
Thailand..................................... 3.2
Oman ........................................ 3.2
Vietnam..................................... 3.2
Colombia ................................... 3.2
Cyprus....................................... 3.2
Armenia..................................... 3.1
Gambia, The.............................. 3.1
Malta ......................................... 3.1
Croatia....................................... 3.1
Uruguay..................................... 3.0
Chile .......................................... 3.0
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.0
Tajikistan ................................... 3.0
Guatemala................................. 3.0
Bolivia........................................ 3.0
Turkey ....................................... 3.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.2
How would you assess the quality of scientific research institutions in your country? [1 = very poor; 7 = the best in their field internationally] | 201011
weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Ukraine...................................... 3.6
Malta ......................................... 3.6
Vietnam..................................... 3.5
Kuwait ....................................... 3.5
Gambia, The.............................. 3.5
Mauritius ................................... 3.5
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.4
Pakistan..................................... 3.4
Rwanda ..................................... 3.4
Botswana .................................. 3.4
Benin......................................... 3.4
Namibia ..................................... 3.4
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.3
Brunei Darussalam.................... 3.3
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.3
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.3
Cambodia .................................. 3.3
Turkey ....................................... 3.3
Greece ...................................... 3.3
Romania .................................... 3.2
Nigeria....................................... 3.2
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.2
Uganda...................................... 3.2
Cameroon ................................. 3.2
Morocco.................................... 3.2
Slovak Republic......................... 3.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.2
Tajikistan ................................... 3.2
Guyana ...................................... 3.1
Mozambique ............................. 3.1
Bahrain ...................................... 3.1
Guatemala................................. 3.1
Jordan ....................................... 3.0
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.0
Philippines................................. 3.0
Armenia..................................... 3.0
Bolivia........................................ 3.0
Peru........................................... 2.9
Mongolia ................................... 2.9
Honduras................................... 2.9
Venezuela.................................. 2.8
Egypt......................................... 2.8
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.8
Bangladesh ............................... 2.7
Madagascar............................... 2.7
Georgia...................................... 2.7
Chad.......................................... 2.7
Ecuador ..................................... 2.7
Suriname................................... 2.7
Kazakhstan ................................ 2.7
Moldova .................................... 2.7
Dominican Republic .................. 2.7
Cape Verde ............................... 2.6
Syria .......................................... 2.6
Algeria ....................................... 2.5
Lebanon .................................... 2.4
Belize ........................................ 2.4
Burundi...................................... 2.3
Lesotho ..................................... 2.3
Nicaragua .................................. 2.3
Mauritania ................................. 2.3
El Salvador ................................ 2.2
Albania ...................................... 2.2
Swaziland .................................. 2.2
Timor-Leste............................... 2.1
Nepal......................................... 2.1
Paraguay ................................... 2.1
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.0
Haiti........................................... 1.9
Yemen....................................... 1.7
Angola ....................................... 1.6
MEAN: 3.7
515
516
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.2
Japan......................................... 5.9
Sweden..................................... 5.8
Switzerland ............................... 5.8
Finland....................................... 5.7
Germany ................................... 5.5
United States ............................ 5.3
Denmark ................................... 5.1
Israel ......................................... 5.1
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.0
Singapore .................................. 4.9
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.8
United Kingdom ........................ 4.7
Malaysia .................................... 4.7
Netherlands............................... 4.7
France ....................................... 4.7
Luxembourg.............................. 4.6
Austria....................................... 4.6
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.4
Belgium..................................... 4.4
Qatar ......................................... 4.3
Ireland ....................................... 4.3
Norway...................................... 4.2
China ......................................... 4.2
United Arab Emirates................ 4.1
Canada ...................................... 4.1
Iceland....................................... 4.0
Australia .................................... 3.9
Czech Republic ......................... 3.9
Kenya ........................................ 3.8
Brazil ......................................... 3.8
Indonesia................................... 3.7
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 3.7
India .......................................... 3.7
Italy ........................................... 3.6
Costa Rica................................. 3.6
South Africa .............................. 3.6
Sri Lanka ................................... 3.5
New Zealand............................. 3.5
Slovenia..................................... 3.4
Estonia ...................................... 3.4
Portugal..................................... 3.4
Tunisia....................................... 3.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 3.4
Montenegro .............................. 3.3
Oman ........................................ 3.3
Nigeria....................................... 3.3
Spain ......................................... 3.3
Senegal ..................................... 3.3
Benin......................................... 3.3
Pakistan..................................... 3.2
Albania ...................................... 3.2
Vietnam..................................... 3.2
Cameroon ................................. 3.2
Chad.......................................... 3.2
Zambia ...................................... 3.2
Uruguay..................................... 3.2
Lithuania.................................... 3.2
Cyprus....................................... 3.1
Guyana ...................................... 3.1
Chile .......................................... 3.1
Russian Federation ................... 3.1
Turkey ....................................... 3.1
Guatemala................................. 3.1
Cambodia .................................. 3.1
Malawi ...................................... 3.1
Malta ......................................... 3.1
Latvia......................................... 3.1
Thailand..................................... 3.0
Panama ..................................... 3.0
Rwanda ..................................... 3.0
Croatia....................................... 3.0
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Argentina................................... 3.0
Tanzania .................................... 3.0
Botswana .................................. 3.0
Ukraine...................................... 3.0
Colombia ................................... 3.0
Gambia, The.............................. 3.0
Bolivia........................................ 3.0
Mexico ...................................... 3.0
Poland ....................................... 2.9
Hungary..................................... 2.9
Honduras................................... 2.9
Azerbaijan.................................. 2.9
Brunei Darussalam.................... 2.9
Philippines................................. 2.9
Tajikistan ................................... 2.9
Romania .................................... 2.9
Mauritius ................................... 2.8
Slovak Republic......................... 2.8
Mali ........................................... 2.8
Uganda...................................... 2.8
Mongolia ................................... 2.8
Namibia ..................................... 2.8
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 2.8
Ecuador ..................................... 2.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 2.8
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.8
Bulgaria ..................................... 2.7
Bahrain ...................................... 2.7
Barbados ................................... 2.7
Jamaica ..................................... 2.7
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 2.7
Burkina Faso ............................. 2.7
Morocco.................................... 2.7
Mozambique ............................. 2.7
Egypt......................................... 2.7
Kazakhstan ................................ 2.6
Jordan ....................................... 2.6
Macedonia, FYR........................ 2.6
Paraguay ................................... 2.6
Madagascar............................... 2.6
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.6
Lebanon .................................... 2.6
Lesotho ..................................... 2.6
Kuwait ....................................... 2.6
Suriname................................... 2.6
Armenia..................................... 2.6
Peru........................................... 2.6
Mauritania ................................. 2.5
Ghana........................................ 2.5
Venezuela.................................. 2.5
El Salvador ................................ 2.5
Nicaragua .................................. 2.5
Georgia...................................... 2.5
Dominican Republic .................. 2.5
Haiti........................................... 2.5
Nepal......................................... 2.4
Bangladesh ............................... 2.4
Greece ...................................... 2.4
Serbia ........................................ 2.4
Burundi...................................... 2.3
Swaziland .................................. 2.2
Ethiopia ..................................... 2.2
Angola ....................................... 2.2
Timor-Leste............................... 2.2
Syria .......................................... 2.1
Moldova .................................... 2.1
Cape Verde ............................... 2.0
Algeria ....................................... 2.0
Belize ........................................ 1.9
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 1.8
Yemen....................................... 1.6
MEAN: 3.2
To what extent do business and universities collaborate on research and development (R&D) in your country? [1 = do not collaborate at all; 7 = collaborate
extensively] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.7
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Uganda...................................... 3.5
Sri Lanka ................................... 3.5
Turkey ....................................... 3.5
Russian Federation ................... 3.5
Jamaica ..................................... 3.5
Croatia....................................... 3.5
Namibia ..................................... 3.5
Italy ........................................... 3.5
Venezuela.................................. 3.5
Serbia ........................................ 3.4
Vietnam..................................... 3.4
Philippines................................. 3.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.4
Honduras................................... 3.4
Cameroon ................................. 3.3
Bahrain ...................................... 3.3
Cambodia .................................. 3.3
Benin......................................... 3.3
Dominican Republic .................. 3.3
Mali ........................................... 3.3
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.3
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.2
Ecuador ..................................... 3.2
Ghana........................................ 3.2
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.2
Mongolia ................................... 3.2
Mauritius ................................... 3.2
Tajikistan ................................... 3.2
Madagascar............................... 3.2
Zimbabwe ................................. 3.2
Morocco.................................... 3.2
Peru........................................... 3.2
Slovak Republic......................... 3.2
Kuwait ....................................... 3.2
Azerbaijan.................................. 3.2
Bolivia........................................ 3.1
Nigeria....................................... 3.1
Cape Verde ............................... 3.1
Ethiopia ..................................... 3.1
Lebanon .................................... 3.1
El Salvador ................................ 3.1
Guyana ...................................... 3.1
Jordan ....................................... 3.1
Romania .................................... 3.0
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.0
Suriname................................... 3.0
Chad.......................................... 2.9
Kazakhstan ................................ 2.9
Greece ...................................... 2.9
Nicaragua .................................. 2.8
Lesotho ..................................... 2.8
Paraguay ................................... 2.8
Moldova .................................... 2.7
Armenia..................................... 2.7
Georgia...................................... 2.6
Bangladesh ............................... 2.6
Egypt......................................... 2.6
Nepal......................................... 2.6
Timor-Leste............................... 2.6
Swaziland .................................. 2.5
Belize ........................................ 2.5
Syria .......................................... 2.4
Mauritania ................................. 2.4
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.4
Algeria ....................................... 2.3
Burundi...................................... 2.3
Angola ....................................... 2.1
Albania ...................................... 2.1
Haiti........................................... 2.0
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.0
Yemen....................................... 1.5
MEAN: 3.7
517
518
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 3.6
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Thailand..................................... 3.6
Malawi ...................................... 3.6
Guyana ...................................... 3.5
Mexico ...................................... 3.5
Georgia...................................... 3.5
Bulgaria ..................................... 3.5
India .......................................... 3.5
Cameroon ................................. 3.5
Honduras................................... 3.5
Czech Republic ......................... 3.5
Ireland ....................................... 3.4
Ecuador ..................................... 3.4
Slovenia..................................... 3.4
Spain ......................................... 3.4
Angola ....................................... 3.4
Latvia......................................... 3.4
Burkina Faso ............................. 3.4
Mongolia ................................... 3.4
Hungary..................................... 3.4
Pakistan..................................... 3.4
Serbia ........................................ 3.4
Kazakhstan ................................ 3.4
Dominican Republic .................. 3.3
Ghana........................................ 3.3
Lithuania.................................... 3.3
Kuwait ....................................... 3.3
Peru........................................... 3.3
Russian Federation ................... 3.3
Poland ....................................... 3.3
Madagascar............................... 3.3
Jamaica ..................................... 3.3
South Africa .............................. 3.3
Egypt......................................... 3.3
Nigeria....................................... 3.2
Timor-Leste............................... 3.2
Bolivia........................................ 3.2
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.2
Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.1
Romania .................................... 3.1
Ukraine...................................... 3.1
Greece ...................................... 3.0
Italy ........................................... 3.0
Chad.......................................... 3.0
Syria .......................................... 3.0
Bangladesh ............................... 3.0
Guatemala................................. 3.0
El Salvador ................................ 2.9
Suriname................................... 2.9
Cte dIvoire ............................. 2.9
Croatia....................................... 2.9
Lesotho ..................................... 2.8
Armenia..................................... 2.8
Belize ........................................ 2.8
Philippines................................. 2.8
Argentina................................... 2.8
Paraguay ................................... 2.8
Slovak Republic......................... 2.8
Zimbabwe ................................. 2.7
Mauritania ................................. 2.7
Moldova .................................... 2.6
Nepal......................................... 2.6
Nicaragua .................................. 2.6
Swaziland .................................. 2.5
Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.4
Algeria ....................................... 2.4
Haiti........................................... 2.4
Venezuela.................................. 2.4
Burundi...................................... 2.3
Lebanon .................................... 2.3
Yemen....................................... 1.9
MEAN: 3.6
To what extent are scientists and engineers available in your country? [1 = not at all; 7 = widely available] | 201011 weighted average
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.1
Finland....................................... 6.0
Japan......................................... 5.8
Sweden..................................... 5.6
United States ............................ 5.5
Taiwan, China ........................... 5.5
Iceland....................................... 5.4
Canada ...................................... 5.4
Tunisia....................................... 5.4
Puerto Rico ............................... 5.4
Israel ......................................... 5.3
France ....................................... 5.3
Singapore .................................. 5.3
Belgium..................................... 5.2
United Kingdom ........................ 5.1
Switzerland ............................... 5.1
Greece ...................................... 5.0
Netherlands............................... 5.0
United Arab Emirates................ 4.9
Ireland ....................................... 4.9
Jordan ....................................... 4.9
India .......................................... 4.9
Malaysia .................................... 4.9
Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.9
Qatar ......................................... 4.9
Denmark ................................... 4.9
Saudi Arabia .............................. 4.9
Austria....................................... 4.9
Norway...................................... 4.7
Chile .......................................... 4.7
Lebanon .................................... 4.6
Spain ......................................... 4.6
Costa Rica................................. 4.6
China ......................................... 4.6
Sri Lanka ................................... 4.6
Turkey ....................................... 4.5
Morocco.................................... 4.5
Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 4.5
Hungary..................................... 4.5
Portugal..................................... 4.5
Egypt......................................... 4.5
Germany ................................... 4.5
Czech Republic ......................... 4.5
Hong Kong SAR ........................ 4.5
Algeria ....................................... 4.4
Indonesia................................... 4.4
Madagascar............................... 4.4
Cyprus....................................... 4.4
Cte dIvoire ............................. 4.4
Thailand..................................... 4.3
Cameroon ................................. 4.3
Ukraine...................................... 4.3
Italy ........................................... 4.3
Azerbaijan.................................. 4.3
Benin......................................... 4.3
Bahrain ...................................... 4.3
Senegal ..................................... 4.2
Lithuania.................................... 4.2
Barbados ................................... 4.2
Romania .................................... 4.2
Australia .................................... 4.2
Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.2
Estonia ...................................... 4.2
Syria .......................................... 4.1
Kenya ........................................ 4.1
Kuwait ....................................... 4.1
Vietnam..................................... 4.1
Poland ....................................... 4.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.1
New Zealand............................. 4.1
Montenegro .............................. 4.1
Nigeria....................................... 4.1
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
MEAN: 4.1
519
520
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
RANK
72
73
74
75
76
77
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
COUNTRY/ECONOMY
VALUE
Cameroon .....................................0.2
Tunisia...........................................0.2
Egypt.............................................0.2
Paraguay .......................................0.2
Colombia .......................................0.1
Dominican Republic ......................0.1
Sri Lanka .......................................0.1
Iran, Islamic Rep. ..........................0.1
Guatemala.....................................0.1
Kazakhstan ....................................0.1
Ghana............................................0.0
Peru...............................................0.0
Morocco........................................0.0
Algeria ...........................................0.0
Indonesia.......................................0.0
Kenya ............................................0.0
Vietnam.........................................0.0
Pakistan.........................................0.0
Albania ..........................................0.0
Angola ...........................................0.0
Azerbaijan......................................0.0
Bangladesh ...................................0.0
Belize ............................................0.0
Benin.............................................0.0
Bolivia............................................0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina ...............0.0
Botswana ......................................0.0
Brunei Darussalam........................0.0
Burkina Faso .................................0.0
Burundi..........................................0.0
Cambodia ......................................0.0
Cape Verde ...................................0.0
Chad..............................................0.0
Cte dIvoire .................................0.0
Ecuador .........................................0.0
El Salvador ....................................0.0
Ethiopia .........................................0.0
Gambia, The..................................0.0
Guyana ..........................................0.0
Haiti...............................................0.0
Honduras.......................................0.0
Jordan ...........................................0.0
Kyrgyz Republic ............................0.0
Lesotho .........................................0.0
Macedonia, FYR............................0.0
Madagascar...................................0.0
Malawi ..........................................0.0
Mali ...............................................0.0
Mauritania .....................................0.0
Mauritius .......................................0.0
Moldova ........................................0.0
Mongolia .......................................0.0
Montenegro ..................................0.0
Mozambique .................................0.0
Namibia .........................................0.0
Nepal.............................................0.0
Nicaragua ......................................0.0
Nigeria...........................................0.0
Qatar .............................................0.0
Rwanda .........................................0.0
Senegal .........................................0.0
Suriname.......................................0.0
Swaziland ......................................0.0
Syria ..............................................0.0
Tajikistan .......................................0.0
Tanzania ........................................0.0
Timor-Leste...................................0.0
Uganda..........................................0.0
Yemen...........................................0.0
Zambia ..........................................0.0
Zimbabwe .....................................0.0
SOURCE: United States Patent and Trademark Office; United Nations Fund for Population
0.02 Population
Total population in millions | 2010
Sources: United Nations Population Fund, State of World
Population 2010; national sources
Section I: Institutions
1.21 Strength of investor protection
Strength of Investor Protection Index on a 010 (best) scale
| 2010
This variable is a combination of the Extent of disclosure index
(transparency of transactions), the Extent of director liability
index (liability for self-dealing), and the Ease of shareholder
suit index (shareholders ability to sue officers and directors for
misconduct).
Source: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing
Business 2011: Making a Difference for Entrepreneurs
521
3.03 Inflation
Annual percent change in consumer price index (year
average) | 2010
Annual percent change in year average consumer price index
Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook
Database (April 2011 edition); national sources
522
523
524
Beat Bilbao-Osorio
Beat Bilbao-Osorio is Associate Director and Economist
with the Centre for Global Competitiveness and
Performance at the World Economic Forum. In this capacity, he carries out research on national competitiveness
issues with a special focus on Latin America and Iberia. In
addition, he analyzes the role of innovation and information and communication technologies in fostering competitiveness, and is co-editor of The Global Information
Technology Report. Prior to joining the Forum, Dr BilbaoOsorio worked at the Directorate-General for Research &
Innovation of the European Commission, where he was
responsible for economic analysis on European Innovation
Policy; at the Directorates of Science, Technology and
Industry, and Education of the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) on innovationrelated topics; and at the International Trade Centre
(UNCTAD/WTO) on international trade competitiveness
analysis. His main research fields are innovation, skills,
ICT, and economic development, where he has published extensively. Dr Bilbao-Osorio holds a degree in
Economics from the Universidad Comercial de Deusto
(Spain), a Master in European Studies from the Universit
Catholique de Louvain (Belgium), and a PhD in Economic
Geography from the London School of Economic and
Political Science (UK).
Jennifer Blanke
Jennifer Blanke is Senior Director, Lead Economist, and
Head of the Centre for Global Competitiveness and
Performance at the World Economic Forum. Since joining the team in 2002, she has written and lectured extensively on issues related to national competitiveness and
has edited a number of competitiveness reports, with
a particular regional focus on Western Europe and subSaharan Africa. From 1998 to 2002, she was Senior
Programme Manager responsible for developing the business, management, and technology sections of the World
Economic Forums Annual Meeting in Davos. Before joining the Forum, Dr Blanke worked for a number of years
as a management consultant for Eurogroup, Mazars
Group in Paris, France, where she specialized in banking
and financial market organizations. Dr Blanke obtained a
Master of International Affairs from Columbia University
and an MA and a PhD in International Economics from
the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva).
Ciara Browne
Ciara Browne is Associate Director with the Centre for
Global Competitiveness and Performance at the World
Economic Forum, where her responsibilities include
managing the network of Partner Institutes worldwide
and coordinating the Executive Opinion Survey process. Ms Browne is also involved in the production of
the The Global Competitiveness Report and the Centres
other benchmarking studies. She works closely with the
Forums media team in conveying the findings of the
various competitiveness reports to the media and the
public. Before joining the Forum, she served for several
years with the International Organization for Migration,
where she worked for a mass claims processing program. She has a BA (Hons) degree from the University of
Manchester (UK).
Roberto Crotti
Roberto Crotti is a Junior Quantitative Economist with the
Centre for Global Competitiveness and Performance at
the World Economic Forum. His responsibilities include
the computation of a range of indexes as well as data
analysis for various projects and studies. His main areas
of expertise are quantitative research, forecasting, macroeconomics, and public economics. Prior to joining the
Forum, he worked as an Analyst in the private consulting
and forecasting sector. Mr Crotti holds an undergraduate
degree in Economics / Economic Policy from Universit
Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, Italy, and an MA in
Economics from Boston University in the United States.
525
526
Brindusa Fidanza
Brindusa Fidanza is Associate Director of Environmental
Initiatives at the World Economic Forum. She engages
business, governments, and experts in developing tailormade project and programmatic approaches to catalyzing
private capital into low-carbon infrastructure in developing
countries through the Green Growth Partnership initiative. She is a regular contributor to low-carbon and green
growth reports, and facilitates private-sector input into the
Clean Energy Ministerial process and the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. Most recently, she led the Critical Mass initiative for scaling up lowcarbon infrastructure financing for developing countries
and was a facilitator of the Task Force on Low-Carbon
Prosperity, which reported on building blocks of the lowcarbon economy to the UK G-20 presidency in 2009.
Before joining the Forum, Ms Fidanza worked in corporate
affairs with RJ Reynolds International on governmental
capacity building with the Centre for Applied Studies in
International Negotiations, and on trade and environment
issues with the UN Economic Commission for Europe.
She holds an MA in International Relations from the
Graduate Institute of International Relations (Geneva) and
an MA in Global Ecology and Sustainable Development
from the Graduate Institute of Development Studies
(Geneva). She is a 2011 graduate of the Global Leadership
Programme of the World Economic Forum.
Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz
Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz is Director and Senior
Economist with the Centre for Global Competitiveness
and Performance at the World Economic Forum, where
she researches and writes on issues of national competitiveness, especially those related to the Arab world,
Eastern Europe, and international trade. She is lead author or editor of a number of regional and topical reports
and papers, including The Global Enabling Trade Report.
Previously she oversaw the economic modeling for some
of the Forums scenario projects and was charged with
developing the economics section of the program for
the World Economic Forums Annual Meeting in Davos.
Before joining the Centre for Global Competitiveness
and Performance, Dr Drzeniek Hanouz worked for several years with the International Trade Centre in Geneva,
where she was in charge of relations with Central and
Eastern European countries. Dr Drzeniek Hanouz received
a Diploma in Economics from the University of Mnster
and holds a PhD in International Economics from the
University of Bochum, both in Germany.
Thierry Geiger
Thierry Geiger is Economist and Associate Director with
the Centre for Global Competitiveness and Performance
and an alumnus of the Global Leadership Fellow
Programme at the World Economic Forum. His responsibilities include the development and computation of a
wide range of composite indicators as well as analysis for
regional and topical projects. His areas of expertise are
benchmarking, applied economics, data visualization, and
international trade, while his geographical focus is Asia.
He is a co-author of The Global Competitiveness Report,
The Global Information Technology Report, and The Global
Enabling Trade Report. He is the lead author of the recently released Indonesia Competitiveness Report 2011. A
Swiss national, Mr Geiger holds a BA in Economics from
the University of Geneva with a specialization in monetary and financial economics, and an MA in Economics
from the University of British Columbia. Prior to joining
the Forum, he worked for the World Trade Organization
and Caterpillar Inc. He is Co-Founder of Procab Studio, a
Geneva-based IT company.
Xavier Sala-i-Martin
Xavier Sala-i-Martin is a Professor in the Department of
Economics at Columbia University. He was previously
Associate Professor at the Department of Economics
at Yale University and a Visiting Professor at Universitat
Pompeum Fabra. His research interests include economic
growth, macroeconomics, public finance and social security, health and population economics, monetary economics, poverty, inequality, estimation of the world distribution of income, and measuring competitiveness. He is a
consultant on growth and competitiveness for a number
of countries, international institutions, and corporations.
Professor Sala-i-Martin is a Research Associate at the
National Bureau of Economic Research. He earned his
MA and PhD, both in Economics, from Harvard University.
He collaborates closely with the World Economic Forum
in his capacity as Chief Advisor to the Centre for Global
Competitiveness and Performance.
Acknowledgments
The World Economic Forum would like to thank the Africa Commission and
FedEx for their invaluable support of this Report.
Report
The Africa Commission was launched by the Prime Minister of Denmark in 2008 to help Africa
benefit more from globalization. The Commission consisted of Heads of State and governments,
politicians, experts, and representatives from international and regional organizations as
well as the business community, civil society and the academic world. The majority of the
Commissioners were from Africa, which reflected the Commissions overriding commitment to
ensure African ownership of its recommendations and initiatives.
The Africa Commission presented its findings in the report Realising the Potential of Africas
Youth, which was published in May 2009. Drawing on existing analyses and best practices, the
Africa Commission presented specific policy recommendations and launched five international
initiatives aimed at creating jobs for young men and women in Africa through private sectorled
growth and improved competitiveness of African economies. Special emphasis was given to
creating decent jobs, fostering entrepreneurship, and providing greater opportunities through
education, skills development and access to finance
For further information about the Africa Commission, visit www.africacommission.um.dk.
FedEx continues to support the World Economic Forums annual Global Competitiveness
Report by providing reliable global distribution services. In addition, we support the World
Economic Forums dedication to improving the state of the world by engaging leaders in
regulatory, industry, and economic cooperation.
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527
The Global Competitiveness Report series has evolved over the last three decades into the
worlds most respected assessment of national competitiveness. This years Report comes
out amid multiple challenges to the global economy and a continuing shift in the balance
of economic activity away from advanced economies and toward emerging markets.
Policymakers are struggling to find ways to manage the present economic challenges while
preparing their economies to perform well in an increasingly complex global landscape.
The present context makes it more important than ever for countries to put into place the
fundamentals underpinning growth and development. The Global Competitiveness Report
20112012 contributes to this process by providing a detailed analysis of the productive
potential of nations worldwide. The Report offers policymakers, business executives, and
academics, as well as the public at large, valuable insights into the policies, institutions, and
factors that enable robust economic development and long-term prosperity.
Produced in collaboration with leading academics and a global network of Partner Institutes,
The Global Competitiveness Report 20112012 offers users a unique dataset on a broad
array of competitiveness indicators for a record number of 142 economies. The data
used in the Report are obtained from leading international sources as well as from the
World Economic Forums annual Executive Opinion Survey, a distinctive source that
captures the perceptions of several thousand business leaders on topics related to national
competitiveness.
The Report presents the rankings of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), developed
by Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martin and introduced in 2005. The GCI is based on 12 pillars of
competitiveness, providing a comprehensive picture of the competitiveness landscape in
countries around the world at different stages of economic development. The Report also
contains detailed profiles highlighting competitive strengths and weaknesses for each of the
142 economies featured, as well as an extensive section of data tables displaying relative
rankings for more than 100 variables.
The Report also features discussions on selected regions and topics. These include an
analysis of the effects of debt crises on competitiveness, a review of the innovation
challenge for Latin America, and competitiveness trends and prospects for sub-Saharan
Africa. An important addition to this years Report is a chapter describing the World
Economic Forums preliminary work aimed at integrating the concept of economic, social,
and environmental sustainability more fully into its competitiveness research.