VIII.

THEORETICAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Sigmund Freud Psychosexual theory Oral Stage (Birth -1 year Old) ID is Dominant: Immediate Gratification -Breastfed -Given attention -Ignorance of Infant Erick Ericksons psychosocial theory Devt stages Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth - 1 year Old) ID is Dominant: Immediate Gratification

Child is given enough attention

Child is usually ignored

-Security Formation -Trust Formation

ID is too satisfied

Poor devt of ID

Child is secured Trust formation Too much trust Balance: Positive result Optimism Inner goodness, trust in one self, optimistic

Child is fearful

Fixation: (Passive/Aggressive) Delayed gratification is learned

Mistrust formation

Pleasure achieved by smoking, drinking and things are put in mouth.

Too Dependent/ Immaturity

Insecurity and poor adaptation to environment

Badness, mistrust of self, pessimistic

Sigmund Freud Psychosexual theory Anal Stage (2 3 yrs. Old) Control of anal sphincter for toilet training

Erick Ericksons psychosocial theory Devt stages Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2 3 yrs. Old) Children try to discover things on their own

Poor toilet training Poor self control Expulsive: -Untidy -Disorganized

Strict toilet training

Supportive parents

Overprotecting/ Neglecting parents Doubtful personality

Balance: Discipline and character development

Too much self control Fixation Retentive: - Orderly neat - Rigid - Compulsive

Formation of higher self-esteem SelfControl/Autonomy

Balance: Ego development

Shame and Doubt

Too much selfcontrol

Poor self-esteem

Compulsive

Too dependent

Sigmund Freud Psychosexual theory Phallic Stage (4 5 yrs. Old) Genital Concentration for gratification Unconscious desire of the opposite sex parent

Erick Ericksons psychosocial theory Devt stages Initiative vs. Guilt (4 5 yrs. Old) Motor and Mental abilities of child greatly expands

Overprotection from parents

Freedom is given

Sexual identification is developed

Inability to distinguish sexuality Development of selfpity Conflict between ID and EGO Guilt is formed Initiative is gained Curiosity is fulfilled

Repression and Identification is balanced

Fixation Super Ego development Balance: Development of sense of Purpose and Direction Too much initiative

Negative outcome: -Malevolent -Dishonest -Low self-esteem

Negative Outcome: Cruelty and Selfconsciousness

Sigmund Freud Psychosexual theory Latency Stage (6 11 yrs. Old) Sexual Drive is diverted to socially acceptable outlets

Erick Ericksons psychosocial theory Devt stages Industry vs. Inferiority (6 11 yrs. Old) Curiosity of children motivates them to discover things

Repressed Libido

Childs Attention is channeled into games and activities that require most of their energy

Inability of Ego to divert sexual drive into energy consuming activities

Rewards are given for childs effort

Children are not praised and efforts are ignored

Confidence build-up Fixation (Rare) Industry Balance: Proficiency

Doubt of self abilities

Inferiority

Personality enhanced

Sexual drive is unfulfilled

Excess industry Poor environmental adaptation: Apathy

Poor intelligence development

Sigmund Freud Psychosexual theory Genital Stage (12 18 yrs. Old) Basic task is independence from parents

Erick Ericksons psychosocial theory Devt stages Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 18 yrs. Old) Teenagers should be futureoriented and curiosity drives them for exploration Unable to gain responsibility development and useful behavior

Psychosexual development is resolved

Phallic stage fixation

Able to gain responsibility development and useful behavior

Ego is wellformed

Difficulty in coping

Confidence Balance: Positive outcome Dependability and Fidelity

Self-esteem suffers Role confusion occurs Inability to figure out role in the society

Social Gratification

Identity is formed

Responsibility identification in relationships

Faithful and responsible

Poor environment adaptation: Aloof and Apathetic

Erick Ericksons psychosocial theory Devt stages Intimacy vs. Isolation (19 40 yrs. Old) Commitments made outside family boundaries

Ability to reach out and make relationships deeper

Parents doesnt allow children to have intimate relationships Shallow and short relationship Withdrawn with other people

Intimacy

Relationships doesnt last and breaks easily

Too much intimacy Isolation Restrictive behavior and promiscuity Too much Loneliness

Maladaptive behavior: Loose behavior

Balance: Positive outcome Love and Belongingness