`

A Paper on

ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSE

For

Emerson Cup 2011

Avesahemad S.N Husainy. Abhishek N Chhajed. Mahammadumar M Jamadar. Jahid B Momin. Yogesh R Satpute. (Final Year of Mechanical Engineering)

Under the Guidance Prof. S M Shaikh Prof. R H Yadav

Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engineering Jaysingpur 416101.
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WHY MY PROJECT DESERVE TO WIN THE EMERSON CUP-2011 COMPETITION

Our project deserves to win this competition because in our project we utilized the natural assets like waste water, grey water, human wastages, natural skylights, etc. Also we adopted following technique which make our home energy efficient. 1. Use of renewable energy for generation of electricity, water heating, cooking application. 2. Efficient use of water by rain water harvesting. 3. Reutilization of waste water (viz. Bathing, Washing Cloths, Washing Utensils, etc) and utilize it for Landscaping, Planting, growing trees, flushing in toilet, etc. 4. Use of Energy efficient appliances instead of ordinary appliances, use of 5-STAR labeling appliances like Refrigerators, Air-conditioner, etc. instead of 0-STAR labeling appliances. 5. Use of natural lighting by use of skylights. 6. Improves natural indoor air quality by use of Earth Air tunnel & Double glazed windows.
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The best thing in our project is we have saved waste water, because water is life. The main source of water is rain, but now a day rainfall is decreased because of deforestation for globalization and industrial development. This creates change in the environmental condition, and result in shortage of water. Hence we have concentrated more on Rain water harvesting & Reuse of Grey water for number of application as mentioned in detail in main project report. We are now entering an era where the universe is facing an additional problem like GLOBAL WARMING, because of maximum use of non-Renewable energy sources, green house effect and ozone layer depletion. Climatic change resulting from high concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere has emerged one of the most threatening environmental issues. The primary greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2), and in 21st century its concentration in environment has raised by 50%. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major byproduct in the manufacturing of the materials used for construction. Therefore we have to switch over in practicing the above mentioned renewable techniques to defend Environmental problems and protect our Planet.

By adopting green building strategies we can improves environmental and economic performance. Energy efficient building is the practice of creating healthier and efficient Environment worldwide.

Index
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Highlights Abstract Introduction of Building Solar Water Heating System Solar Cooker Alternate option for cooking (Bio-gas) Solar PV cell Earth air tunnel for better indoor air quality Use of Sky light Double Glazed Windows Rain water harvesting Landscaping Alternate option for landscaping(Wall and Roof/Floor Insulation) Grey water Recycling Energy Comparison E- Saving Program Page No. 7 9 11 14 16 17 19 21 22 25 27 28

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ENERY EFFICIENT HOUSE Abstract

Commercial buildings are one of the major consumers of energy and are the third largest consumers of energy, after industry and agriculture. Buildings annually consume more than 20% of electricity used in India. Although new technologies are constantly being developed to compliment current practices in creating energy efficient structure. The common objective is those energy efficient homes are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy, water and other resources. Reducing waste, pollution & environmental degradation. Protecting occupant health & improving its productivity. Energy efficient home brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce & ultimately eliminate the impact of buildings on the environment. It often emphasizes on taking advantage of renewable resources, for example using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, photovoltaic techniques, using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens and for reduction of rain water runoff, use of energy efficient appliances for house hold application. The aim of the energy efficient home is to minimize the demand of non renewable resources, maximize the utilization efficiency of these resources when in use and maximize the reuse, recycling and utilization of renewable resources. Energy efficiency in buildings can be achieved through a multipronged approach involving adoption of bioclimatic architectural principles responsive to the climate of the particular location; use of materials with low embodied energy; reduction of transportation energy; incorporation of efficient structural design; implementation
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of energy-efficient building systems; and effective utilization of renewable energy sources to power the building. The potential for energy savings is 40 50% in buildings, if energy efficiency measures are incorporated at the design stage. For existing buildings, the potential can be as high as 20-25% which can be achieved by implementing housekeeping and retrofitting measures.

Introduction of our Building.

Name of Building Location Climate Total Area Type of Building Occupancies

: ATHARVA : Sangli, Maharashtra. : Composite. : 2200 sq. ft : Residential Building. : 5 persons

An affordable design of energy efficient house.

The design of the home should be such that we can utilize maximum natural source of energy. The structure should be designed considering local climate, local materials, local people along with energy saving elements & appliances. We can make the home energy efficient by using following design modification and methods.

Solar Solutions: Solar energy is one of the many forms of renewable energy. Quite simply, solar energy or renewable energy comes to us from the Sun and we can harness it using solar panels in two ways; Solar Thermal (ST): Solar energy, when used for heating purposes, is called Solar Thermal or solar heating. Such heating applications include Solar water heating, cooking food (using solar cookers), etc. Solar Photovoltaic (PV): When used for generating electricity, it is called solar photovoltaic. This electricity generation is done using special cells (or rather, a large array of cells) called Photovoltaic cells that are made from semi-conductor materials.

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Solar Thermal (ST):

Solar water heating:

1. The benefits of solar water heating are numerous and considerable. First, youre going to save money on your electric bill. 2. Most likely, your water-heating electricity use will be cut by at least half.

3. So there is corresponding reduction in pollution. A 50 percent reduction in traditional (emitting) energy use means a 50 percent reduction in CO2 emissions. So installing a solar water heater we reduced our hot-water carbon footprint by half. Calculations: For 5 Persons

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Initial cost of solar water heater = 25000/- Rs Having 25 years life Total amount of expenditure = 25000+ 250002%25 = 37,500/Total cost/ day = (37,500)/ (25365) =4.10 Rs/day. 4.10 Gas Comparison: 1 cylinder for 2 month. Total cost/day = 407/60 = 6.78 Rs/day. Total Saving = 6.78-4.10 = 2.68 Rs/day. Saving in % = 40% saving.
Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & LPG for heating purpose.

Use of Solar Water Heater

4.1

Use of LPG

6.78

Cost in Rs/day
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Electricity Comparison: Geyser of 1500 watts used for 1.30 hrs. 1 no 1500 watts 1.30 hrs/day = 1,950WHr = 1.95 KWHr = 1.95 units. Rate/ unit = 3.75 Total cost = 1.95 3.75 =7.31 Rs/ day. Total Saving/day = 7.31-4.10 4.10 = 3.21 Rs/day. Saving in % = 45%

Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & Electricity for heating purpose.

Use of Solar Water Heater

4.1

Use of Electricity

7.31

Cost in Rs/day

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Solar cooker 1. It utilizes the available solar energy and uses it for cooking food. 2. It is highly energy efficient and as solar cooker does not consume any conventional fuel or electrical Energy, it saves fossil fuels, wood, electricity etc. which are otherwise required to cook the food.

Calculations: Cost of solar cooker: (For 5 person family) o Price of solar cooker = 7,200/- (Parabolic Type) o Price of solar cooker = 2,100/- (Conventional Type) o Total = 9,300/Having 25 year life. Total amount of expenditure = 9,300+2512%9,300 = 37,200/Total cost / day = (37,200) / (25365) = 4.07 Rs/day. LPG Gas:
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Cooking gas required = 1cylinder for 2 month. = 407 Rs / 60 days = 6.78 Rs/day. Total saving = 6.78 - 4.07 = 2.71 Rs/day. 71 Saving in percentage% = 40%

Comparison between Solar Cooker & LPG for cooking purpose.

Use of Solar Cooker

4.07

Use of LPG

6.78

Cost in Rs/day

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Alternate option for cooking: Utilization of Bio-gas: 1. Producing the Bio-gas from the human, animal, vegetable waste materials can serve an option for using LPG &etc for household application. 2. Biogas energy is fueled by burning methane produced by the decomposition of organic wastes. 3. It is widely use for cooking purpose in domestic regions. 4. Use of Bio-gas helps the house to become energy efficient.

5. It is a clean, easily controlled source of renewable energy. 6. It uses up methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. 7. It reduces pathogen (disease agent) levels in the waste. 8. The residue provides valuable organic fertilizer. 9. Simple to build and operate. Low maintenance requirements. 10. Can be efficiently used to run cooking, heating, gas lighting, absorption refrigerators and gas powered engines.
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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) 1. Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. 2. Solar Home Application System (SHAS) helps to meet the need of lighting and electricity for Radio, TV, for communication (internet, mobile phone).

3. From experience learned SHAS is more advantageous than candles, flashlights, kerosene lamp and car battery system.

Calculation: For 5 Persons using 5 tubes & 3 fans. Initial cost of PV generation = 33500+2512% 33500 = 1, 34, 000 Rs. Total cost/day = (134000)/ (36525) = 14.68 Rs/day

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Electricity consumption for above same system by using electricity.

5 tubes of 50watts each used for 10 hrs 5 no 50 watts 10hrs = 2500 WHr =2.5 KWHr. = 2.5 units. 3 Fan of 40watts each used for 15hrs watts 3 no 40watts 15hrs = 1800WHr = 1.8 KWHr. = 1.8 units. Total units = 4.3 units Rate / unit = 3.75 Rs = 3.754.3 = 16.12 Rs Total saving = 16.12-14.68 = 1.44 Rs/day. Saving in % = 9%

Comparision between Solar PV cell & Electricity for lighting purpose.

Use of Solar PV cell

14.68

Use of Electricity

16.12

13.5

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14.5

15 Cost in Rs/day

15.5

16

16.5

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Earth tunnel for better indoor air quality We have used Earth air tunnel for saving the load on the cooling appliances. Soil temperature, at a depth of about 12 feet or more, stays fairly constant throughout the year, and is approximately equal to the average annual ambient air temperature. The ground can, therefore, be used as a heat sink for cooling in the summer and as a heat source for heating in the winter.

1) A simple method of using this concept is to pass air through an underground air tunnel. The air thus cooled or heated can be used directly for the conditioned space or indirectly with air conditioners or heat pumps. 2) This system can maintain the temperature at 28 C inside the room. 3) Firstly the flow of air is stopped with the help of an obstacle (wind catcher). The obstacle is provided on the base ground. 4) An opening is provided in the ground i.e. tunnel through which the air has to pass inside the house or premises. 5) The trapped air moves inside the tunnel and as it moves further it gives the heat to the underground soil. 6) This causes the air entering the space to become cooler than the normal.
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Savings:

1. Low Energy: 1/3rd of the conventional AC systems power requirement. 2. Better indoor air quality. 3. 100% fresh air circulation in the home/premises. 4. Min of 28C can be maintained during peak summer.

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Use of Sky Light We have 2 set of windows located on the walls of the kitchen, hall & bedroom for natural light. Due to exact amount of skylight area provided, no lights are required in the day time. These skylights give enough brightness in the respective areas. Skylights provide up to 30% more natural light than vertical windows, and they can make a small space seem larger. The windows used for this purpose may be A double glazed: type for more efficiency. 1. Skylights can be installed in nearly any room in the house, and are particularly popular in kitchens and baths where natural light and ventilation is welcome and a window isn't always practical or possible.

2. In addition to filling your home with natural light and providing a source of passive natural ventilation, high-quality skylights are Energy Star qualified.

3. Dual pane, argon gas injected glass helps keep heat out in the summer and inside in the winter. The glass also filters ultraviolet sunlight that could fade furnishings inside the home.
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Double glazed windows We used all windows of double glazes type, in kitchen hall, bedrooms. It reduced the load on the cooling systems of the house i.e. air conditioners and coolers. Due to which saving in the electricity bill is seen. 1. Double glazed windows are simply two panes of glass with a space in between them. The space between the windows is very well insulated so that little or no air can leak between the panes of glass. 2. There is also often a desiccant between the panes to absorb stray moisture and to stop fog from forming. Windows can be clear or covered with a tinted or reflective coating

. Use of double glazed Window

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Double glazed Window Construction

3. Double glazed window panes have a great insulation property. They are actually two windows in one separated by thin layer of air. 4. They allow light to enter into the room like a normal windows, but stop heat to go in or out. The trapped air works as an insulator and you feel cool inside room. 5. Using double glaze windows saves you money on power consumption. Since your room can escape unwanted heat, you may avoid spending on air conditioner or air cooler. This is a big saving for life time. 6. You will find double glazing windows reducing energy usage, consumption and monthly fees throughout your life. 7. If you add up all these savings, you will see how your investment is paid back after some years.

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Argon Gas filled Double Glazed Units: 1. The introduction of gas into the cavity of a double glazed unit reduces the heat conductance between the panes, helping to keep more heat in during the winter and out in the summer. 2. As a result living and working conditions become more comfortable the whole year round. 3. Apart from its heat insulation properties, Argon is non-toxic, sunlight stable, non corrosive, colourless and odourless.

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Rain Water Harvesting: 1. Its a simple idea. Save water, use it later Save later. 2. People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for thousands of years, but the concept is now experiencing a revival in light of water scarcity problems that are caused by global climate disruption.

3. The rainwater that falls on the surface/ roof top is guided to bore wells or pits or new/ old/ abandoned wells through small diameter pipes to recharge the underground water which can be used later whenever required. 4. The collected water can then be used for watering lawns, washing cars, flushing the toilet or whatever else you can think of. Calculation: We have a flat terrace area of 100 sq.m. The average annual rainfall is 250mm, and then in one year, there will be rain water on the terrace floor to a height of 250mm. Area of the terrace = 100 sq.m sq.m. Height of the rainfall = 250mm (025 m) 0mm Volume of Rainfall = 1000.25 = 25cu.m.
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=25000 lit. Assuming that only 80% of the total rainfall is effectively harvest, Volume of water harvested = 250000.8 = 20,000 liters/year. A family of 5 utilizes about 60 gallons of water per day i.e. it uses 6,804 liters of water/month. Hence the harvested water is utilized for 3 months period for house hold use. Saving of Energy: To lift ground water, one meter rise in water level saves about 0.40 kWh of electricity.

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Landscaping:

1. Landscaping is an important element in altering the microclimate of a place. 2. Proper landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and heating up building surface. 3. It prevents reflected light carving heat into a building from the ground or other surface. 4. We have planted trees and plants on 300sq.ft area around the house. 5. The advantage that we get from it is that, the shades created by the trees and the effect of grass and shrubs reduce the air temperature adjoining the building and provide evaporative cooling. 6. The trees are grown more on the south and south west side to pull in southwest breeze for maximum utilization of wind. 7. This helps to keep better Indoor air quality.
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Alternate option for Landscaping: In case the area available for construction is surrounded by buildings and the flow of air or area for landscaping is not sufficient, then there is an optional method given below,

Wall & Roof/Floor insulation: 1. A well-insulated structure does not gain or lose heat as quickly as a poorlyinsulated one, so it is easier to maintain a comfortable temperature. 2. The retention of conditioned air lowers the demand on your heating and/or cooling systems. This reduces operating costs and extends the life of your heating and/or cooling system. 3. More than half the heat lost in a typical home escapes by the walls or the roof. 4. Insulating your home is the first step to help to reduce your energy costs and in most cases is an economically justified home improvement. Wall Insulation: A third of all heat lost in an un-insulated home is through the walls. Houses built after the 1920s have a high chance of containing cavity walls. This is where the external walls are made of two layers and have a gap in the middle. To insulate the wall we would fill the gap between the two layers.

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Roof/Floor Insulation: A quarter of your heat is lost through an un-insulated roof/floor. Insulating your roof/floor will reduce CO2 emissions: one of the biggest causes of climate change as less energy is being used.

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Grey Water Recycling Waste water from the toilets is called Black Water; waste water from all other uses like Kitchen, laundry, bathing, Wash basin etc is called as Grey Water. There are 5 occupants living in the house which create grey water and should be reused. On an average the grey water created by the house is 50 gallons/day which could be reused.

Processing & Utilization of Grey water for various applications.

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Water

Sources

Possible Uses Drinking, Cooking,

Fresh water

Ground & Surface Bathing, Cloth washing,

Bathing Toilet cleaning, irrigation, Floor washing etc No use in majority of the

Grey Water

Utensils Cleaning

Black Water

Toilet, Urinal

case and requires extensive treatment.

Description

Quantity of water

Grey water generation (LITRES/PERSON/DAY)

Bathing Washing of clothes Flushing of W.C Washing the floor Washing of utensils Cooking Drinking Total

12-18 8-12 5-10 2-5 3-5 5 5 40-60

12-18 8-12 3-5 23-35

The total grey water generation in the house = 35lit5persons =175 lit/day. After grey water treatment approximately we saved = 150-155 lit/day. We utilized this treated grey water for: 1. Landscaping: Gardening and planting. 2. Toilet flush water.
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ENERGY COMPARISON
ENERGY SR.NO APPLICATIONS NORMAL HOME EFFICIENT HOME % SAVING

WATER HEATING

6.78 Rs/day

4.10 Rs/day

40%

COOKING RAIN WATER

6.78 Rs/day -

4.07 Rs/day 20000 Liters/ year

40%

HARVESTING GREY WATER -

SAVING

175 Liters/ day SAVING

RECYCLING ELECTRICITY(Fans

& Tubes)

16.12 Rs/day 14.68 Rs/day

9% BETTER

NATURAL INDOOR AIR QUALITY

MINIMUM

MAXIMUM

INDDOR AIR QUALITY MORE

SKY LIGHT, DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW

LESS CONTROL

MORE CONTROL

NATURAL LIGHTING AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL

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E-SAVING PROGRAM
Lighting System 1. One of the best energy-saving devices is the light switch. Turn off lights when not required. 2. Fluorescent tube lights and CFLs convert electricity to visible light up to 5 times more efficiently than ordinary bulbs and thus save about 70% of electricity for the same lighting levels.

3. Use electronic chokes in place of conventional copper chokes.

Fans 1. Replace conventional regulators with electronic regulators for ceiling fans. 2. Install exhaust fans at a higher elevation than ceiling fans.

Room Air Conditioners: 1. Use ceiling or table fan as first line of defense against summer heat, for instance, cost Ceiling fans about 30 paisa an hour to operate - much less than air conditioners (Rs.10.00 per hour). 2. Use 5-star A.C. which is advance in good heat exchanging capacity rather than using 0star AC.
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3. Prefer air conditioners having automatic temperature cut off.

Computers: 1. Turn off your home office equipment when not in use. A computer that runs 24 hours a day, for instance, uses - more power than an energyefficient refrigerator. 2. If your computer must be left on, turn off the monitor; this device alone uses more than half the system's energy.

Washing machines: 1. Always wash only with full loads. 2. Use optimal quantity of water. 3. Prefer natural drying over electric dryers

Electronic Devices: 1. Do not switch on the power when TV and Audio Systems are not in use i.e. idle operation leads to an energy loss of 10 watts/device.

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