Standard

Volvo Group
Established

STD 181-0002
Version 2 Page

June 2007

1(12)

The English language version is the original and the reference in case of dispute.

Den engelska sprkversionen r originalversion och skall beropas i hndelse av tvist.

Fusion welding
Welding classes and requirements Steel, thickness 0,7 - 3 mm Aluminium, thickness 1 - 5 mm

Smltsvetsning
Svetsklasser och krav Stl, tjocklek 0,7 - 3 mm Aluminium, tjocklek 1 - 5 mm

Orientation
This version differs from version 1 in that section 6 Quality assurance has been added.

Orientering
Denna version skiljer sig frn version 1 genom att avsnitt 6 Kvalitetsuppfljning har lagts till.

Contents
1 2 Scope and field of application Symbolic representation of welds

Innehll
1 2 Omfattning och tillmpning Svetsbeteckningar

3 Welding classes 3.1 Additional designations 4 Requirements 4.1 Check length 5 Tables 5.1 Definitions 5.2 Tables 6 Quality assurance

3 Svetsklasser 3.1 Tillggsbeteckningar 4 Krav 4.1 Kontrollstrcka 5 Tabeller 5.1 Definitioner 5.2 Tabeller 6 Kvalitetsuppfljning

1 Scope and field of application

This standard is applicable to welding in steel with a thickness of 0,7 - 3 mm and for welding in aluminium with a thickness of 1 - 5 mm. Fusion welded joints conforming to this standard shall be classified in welding class D. One or more additional requirements as specified in section 3.1 may be added to the welding class. The standard is applicable when producing, testing and inspecting welded assemblies in steel or aluminium. NOTE! In design-engineering documentation, reference shall be made to STD 180-0001 if weld symbols and welding requirements in accordance with STD 181-0002 shall apply.

1 Omfattning och tillmpning

Denna standard r tillmpbar fr svetsning i stl med en tjocklek av 0,7 till 3 mm samt svetsning i aluminium med en tjocklek av 1 - 5 mm. Smltsvetsfrband enligt denna standard skall ges svetsklass D. Till svetsklassen kan anges ett eller flera tillggskrav enligt avsnitt 3.1. Standarden r tillmplig vid produktion, provning och kontroll av svetsade konstruktioner i stl eller aluminium. OBS! I konstruktionsteknisk dokumentation skall hnvisning gras till STD 180-0001 fr att svetsbeteckningar och svetskrav enligt STD 181-0002 skall glla.

2 Symbolic representation of welds

The structure of the symbolic representation of welds is described in STD 180-0001. Figure 1 gives an example of a symbolic representation of a fusion weld.

2 Svetsbeteckningar
Svetsbeteckningens uppbyggnad beskrivs i STD 180-0001. Figur 1 visar exempel p hur en smltsvetsbeteckning kan se ut.

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Standard
Volvo Group

STD 181-0002
Version

Page

Dimension referring to weld cross-section Mtt som avser svetsens tvrsnitt

Number of weld elements Antal delsvetsar Length of weld elements Delsvetslngd Spacing Delning

Arrow line Hnvisningsslinje

a1.5

5 x 20 (10)

135-D
Welding class Svetsklass

Reference line Referenslinje

Elementary symbol Grundsymbol

Welding process (see STD 180-0001) Svetsmetod (se STD 180-0001)

Fig. 1 Example of symbolic representation of fusion weld / Exempel p smltsvetsbeteckning

3 Welding classes and additional designations

To steel with a thickness of 0,7 - 3 mm and aluminium with a thickness of 1 - 5 mm welding class D applies together with any additional designation.

3 Svetsklasser och tillggsbeteckningar

Fr stl med tjocklek 0,7 - 3 mm samt aluminium med tjocklek 1 - 5 mm gller svetsklass D med eventuell tillggsbeteckning.

3.1 Additional designations

Additional requirements may be added to the requirements of the welding class. In this case, they shall be marked with the additional designation F, K, T, U or E. Before additional designations are specified, the producing unit or the manufacturing engineering department concerned should be consulted.

3.1 Tillggsbeteckningar
Till kraven i klassen kan ytterligare krav lggas, vilka i s fall skall anges med tillggsbeteckningen F, K, T, U eller E. Innan tillggsbeteckningar anges br producerande enhet eller berrd beredning kontaktas fr konsultation.

3.1.1

Additional designation F

3.1.1

Tillggsbeteckning F

Additional designation F shall be used when higher finish requirements are specified for the welded joint. This means that the weld shall be even and straight as far as practically and economically possible, be unbroken not have any surface pores, arc strikes, spatter, slag residues and other defects disturbing the appearance of the weld.

Tillggsbeteckning F anvnds nr hgre krav stlls p svetsfrbandets finish. Den innebr att svetsen skall vara jmn och rakt lagd s lngt det r praktiskt och ekonomiskt mjligt, ha ett obrutet utfrande vara fri frn ytporer, tndmrken, svetssprut, slaggrester och andra defekter som str svetsens utseende.

3.1.2 Additional designation K

Additional designation K shall be used when higher corrosion resistance requirements are specified for the welded joint. It means that

3.1.2 Tillggsbeteckning K
Tillggsbeteckning K anvnds nr hgre krav stlls p svetsfrbandets frmga att motst korrosion. Den innebr att

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Standard
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STD 181-0002
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surface discontinuities such as sharp undercuts, outer root defects, surface pores and cavities caused by shrinkage shall be evened out or removed arc strikes, spatter and slag residues shall be avoided and, if this is not possible, they shall be carefully removed layers of oxide which form due to heating when welding stainless steel shall be removed to the extent required.

ytdiskontinuiteter som skarpa smltdiken, yttre rotfel, ytporer och krymphligheter skall vara utjmnade eller avlgsnade tndmrken, svetssprut och slaggrester skall undvikas eller, om detta ej r mjligt, omsorgsfullt avlgsnas oxidskikt, som bildas p grund av uppvrmning vid svetsning av rostfria stl, skall avlgsnas i erforderlig omfattning.

3.1.3 Additional designation T

Additional designation T shall be used when sealing requirements are specified for the welded joint, i.e., the joint shall meet specified requirements as to pressure resistance, medium and maximum leakage.

3.1.3 Tillggsbeteckning T
Tillggsbeteckning T anvnds nr tthetskrav finns p svetsfrbandet d.v.s. frbandet skall uppfylla angivna krav avseende tryck, medium och maximalt lckage.

3.1.4 Additional designation U

Additional designation U shall be used when higher fatigue strength requirements are specified for the welded joint. It means that undercuts, weld reinforcements, root reinforcement, non-filled welds and root concavities shall have a smooth and even transition to the parent metal arc strikes and spatter shall be avoided and, if this is not possible, they shall be carefully removed NOTE - For discontinuity Nos. 101 and 202 special requirements apply, see tables 1 and 2.

3.1.4 Tillggsbeteckning U
Tillggsbeteckning U anvnds nr hgre krav stlls p svetsfrbandets utmattningshllfasthet. Den innebr att smltdike, svetsrge, rotvulst, ej utfylld svets och valv i rot skall ha en jmn vergng till grundmaterialet tndmrken och svetssprut skall undvikas eller omsorgsfullt avlgsnas ANM.: Fr diskontinuitet nr 101 och 202 gller srskilda krav, se tabell 1 och 2.

3.1.5 Additional designation E

Additional designation E shall be used when machining of the weld is required. It means that discontinuities in the transition between weld and parent metal shall be eliminated by subsequent machining (e.g. grinding or TIG treatment).

3.1.5 Tillggsbeteckning E
Tillggsbeteckning E anvnds nr krav p efterbearbetning av svetsen finns. Den innebr att diskontinuiteter i vergngen mellan svets och grundmaterial skall elimineras genom efterbearbetning (t.ex. genom slipning eller TIG-behandling).

4 Requirements
For each weld, the throat (a-dimension) and the weld depth (s-dimension) respectively shall meet the indication stated in the symbolic representation of weld. For definition of a-dimension and s-dimension, see STD 180-0002. To limit the total number of discontinuities and shape deviations, they must not exceed 0,4 x min. nominal thickness per evaluated cross section or check length. The requirements for welding class D are shown in the following three tables: Table 1 specifying outer discontinuities and shape deviations in butt joints

4 Krav
Fr varje enskild svets skall a-mtt och s-mtt uppfylla angivelse i svetsbeteckningen. Fr definition av a- och s-mtt se STD 180-0002.

Fr att begrnsa totala antalet diskontinuiteter och formavvikelser som kan uppst gller att de ej fr verstiga 0,4 x minsta nominella tjocklek per utvrderat tvrsnitt eller kontrollstrcka. Kraven fr svetsklass D framgr av fljande tre tabeller: Tabell 1 som anger yttre diskontinuiteter och formavvikelser vid stumsvetsfrband

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Standard
Volvo Group

STD 181-0002
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Table 2 specifying outer discontinuities and shape deviations in fillet, corner, lap and T-joints Table 3 specifying inner discontinuities in butt, fillet, corner, lap and T-joints.

Tabell 2 som anger yttre diskontinuiteter och formavvikelser vid kl-, hrn-, verlapps- och Tsvetsfrband Tabell 3 som anger inre diskontinuiteter vid stum-, kl-, hrn-, verlapps- och T-svetsfrband.

4.1 Check length

For discontinuities, the requirements specified in the tables refer to arbitrarily selected sections in the weld. For visual inspection of outer discontinuities, check lengths of 10 mm shall be evaluated.

4.1 Kontrollstrcka
Fr diskontinuiteter gller kraven i tabellerna godtyckligt valda snitt i svetsen. Vid okulr besiktning av yttre diskontinuiteter gller kontrollstrckor om 10 mm.

5 Tables
The numbering of the discontinuities comply with the numbering in STD 181-0001.

5 Tabeller
Numreringen av diskontinuiteter verensstmmer med numrering i STD 181-0001.

5.1 Definitions
h l t b

5.1 Definitioner

c d
Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Mttbeteckningarna i tabell 1 - 3 innebr: t = nominell godstjocklek hos grundmaterialet, se figur 2. I svetsfrband med olika godstjocklekar hos grundmaterialen, avses alltid den minsta nominella godstjockleken c = bredden hos svetsens rotvulst, se figur 2 b = rgens bredd, se figur 2 d = pordiameter, se figur 2 h = storlek (hjd eller bredd) hos diskontinuitet och formavvikelse, se figur 2 l= lngd hos diskontinuitet och formavvikelse, se figur 2

The dimensional designations in tables 1 - 3 mean: t = the nominal material thickness of the parent metal, see figure 2. In welded joints with different parent metal thickness, this always refers to the smallest nominal material thickness c = the width of the welds excessive penetration, see figure 1 b = the width of the convex, see figure 2 d = pore diameter, see figure 2 h = size (height or width) of discontinuity and shape deviation, see figure 2 l= length of discontinuity and shape deviation, see figure 2

a = the nominal dimension at the fillet weld, the height of the largest equilateral triangle, that can be contained between the fusion faces and the weld face. For definition, see STD 180-0002 s = the minimum force-transmitting portion of the weld. For definition, see STD 180-0002

a = nominellt a-mtt hos klsvetsen, hjden i den strsta likbenta triangel, som kan inskrivas mellan fogytorna och svetsens toppyta. Fr definition se STD 180-0002 s = den minsta kraftverfrande delen av svetsen. Fr definition se STD 180-0002

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Standard
Volvo Group

STD 181-0002
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= the angle between the plane of the parent metal surface and a plane tangential to the weld run surface at the toe of the weld, see figure 3.

= vinkeln mellan grundmaterialets plan och ett tangentplan till svetsstrngens yta vid fattningskanten, se figur 3.

5.2 Tables

5.2 Tabeller

Table 1 Outer discontinuities and shape deviations in butt joints Tabell 1 Yttre diskontinuiteter och formavvikelser vid stumsvetsfrband Type of discontinuity No. Welding class Welding class Nr Diskontinuitetstyp Svetsklass Svetsklass D Steel / Stl D Aluminium / Aluminium 1 Crack Not permitted Not permitted Spricka Tillts ej Tillts ej

Outer lack of fusion Yttre bindfel

Not permitted Tillts ej

Not permitted Tillts ej

Incomplete root penetration Ofullstndig genomsvetsning

Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

Local protrusion Lokal genomrinning

Permitted Tillts

Permitted Tillts

End crater ndkrater

Permitted, however, not with Permitted with maximum crack crater crack h 0,2s or 0,2a Tillts, dock ej med spricka Tillts med max kraterspricka h 0,2s eller 0,2a

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Standard
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STD 181-0002
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No. Nr 6

Type of discontinuity Diskontinuitetstyp Undercut Smltdike

Welding class Svetsklass D Steel / Stl Permitted if h 0,2t Tillts om h 0,2t

Welding class Svetsklass D Aluminium / Aluminium Permitted if h 0,2t Tillts om h 0,2t

Non-filled weld Ej utfylld svets

Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

Root concavity Valv i rot

Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

Surfaces pores Ytporer

Single pore extension 0,4t, Single pore extension 0,4t, however max. 2 however max. 2 pores/ pores/10 mm weld length. 10 mm weld length Maximum 10 % of the weld area may be filled with pores Enskild pors utstrckning 0,4t, dock max 2 porer/ 10 mm svetslngd. Max 10 % av svetsarean tillts vara fylld med porer Occasional arc strikes, Occasional arc strikes, however not with crack are however not with crack are permitted. Spatter which has permitted. Spatter which has stuck is permitted stuck is permitted Enskild pors utstrckning 0,4t, dock max 2 porer/ 10 mm svetslngd Enstaka tndmrken, dock ej med spricka, tillts. Fastsittande svetssprut tillts Enstaka tndmrken, dock ej med spricka, tillts. Fastsittande svetssprut tillts Permitted if h 1,5 + 0,15b Tillts om h 1,5 + 0,15b

10

Arc strikes and spatter Tndmrken och svetssprut

11

Excess weld metal Svetsrge

Permitted if h 1,5 + 0,15b Tillts om h 1,5 + 0,15b

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Standard
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STD 181-0002
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No. Nr 101*

Type of discontinuity Diskontinuitetstyp Incorrect weld toe Tvr fattningskant

Welding class Svetsklass D Steel / Stl

Welding class Svetsklass D Aluminium / Aluminium

For additional designation U, incorrect weld toe is permitted if 150 Vid tillggsbeteckning U tillts tvr fattningskant om 150

12

Excessive penetration Rotvulst

Permitted if h 1,5 + 0,3c Tillts om h 1,5 + 0,3c

Permitted if h 1,5 + 0,3c Tillts om h 1,5 + 0,3c

13

Edge displacement, onesided welding Kantfrskjutning, ensidessvetsning

Permitted if h 0,5t Tillts om h 0,5t

Permitted if h 0,5t Tillts om h 0,5t

* Number unique to this standard / Nummer unikt fr denna standard

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Standard
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STD 181-0002
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Table 2 Outer discontinuities and shape deviations in fillet, corner, T and lap joints Tabell 2 Yttre diskontinuiteter och formavvikelser vid kl-, hrn-, T- och verlappsfrband No. Nr 15 Type of discontinuity Diskontinuitetstyp Crack Spricka Welding class Svetsklass D Steel / Stl Not permitted Tillts ej Welding class Svetsklass D Aluminium / Aluminium Not permitted Tillts ej

16

Root defect Rotfel

Permitted Tillts

Permitted Tillts

17

End crater ndkrater

Permitted, however not with crack Tillts, dock ej med spricka

Permitted with maximum crater crack h 0,2s or 0,2a Tillts med max kraterspricka h 0,2s eller 0,2a

18

Arc strikes and spatter Tndmrken och svetssprut

Occasional arc strikes, however not with crack are permitted. Spatter which has stuck is permitted Enstaka tndmrken, dock ej med spricka, tillts. Fastsittande svetssprut tillts

Occasional arc strikes, however not with crack are permitted. Spatter which has stuck is permitted Enstaka tndmrken, dock ej med spricka, tillts. Fastsittande svetssprut tillts

19

Surface pores Ytporer

Single pore extension 0,4t, Single pore extension however max 2 pores/ 0,4t, however max 2 pores/10 mm weld length. 10 mm weld length Maximum 10 % of the weld area may be filled with Enskild pors utstrckning pores 0,4t, dock max 2 porer/ 10 mm svetslngd Enskild pors utstrckning 0,4t, dock max 2 porer/ 10 mm svetslngd. Max 10 % av svetsarean tillts vara fylld med porer

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Standard
Volvo Group

STD 181-0002
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No. Nr 20

Type of discontinuity Diskontinuitetstyp Undercut Smltdike

Welding class Svetsklass D Steel / Stl Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

Welding class Svetsklass D Aluminium / Aluminium Permitted if h 0,3t Tillts om h 0,3t

201*

Excess weld metal Svetsrge

Permitted if h 1,5 + 0,15b Tillts om h 1,5 + 0,15b

Permitted if h 1,5 + 0,15b Tillts om h 1,5 + 0,15b

202*

Incorrect weld toe Tvr fattningskant

For additional designation U, incorrect weld toe is permitted if 110 Vid tillggsbeteckning U tillts tvr fattningskant om 110

22

Throat deviation a-mttsavvikelse

Locally -0,2a Lokalt -0,2a

Locally -0,2a Lokalt -0,2a

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No. Nr 203*

Type of discontinuity Diskontinuitetstyp Weld depth deviation s-mttsavvikelse

Welding class Svetsklass D Steel / Stl Locally -0,2s Lokalt -0,2s

Welding class Svetsklass D Aluminium / Aluminium Locally -0,2s Lokalt -0,2s

204*

Minimum penetration P = penetration i = measuring length Min intrngning P = intrngning i = mtstrcka

0,1a for a measuring length of min a or 0,1s for a measuring length of min s Alternatively, depth of penetration >0,3s or >0,3a 0,1a fr en mtstrcka av min a eller 0,1s fr en mtstrcka av min s. Alternativt, intrngning >0,3s eller >0,3a

0,1a for a measuring length of min a or 0,1s for a measuring length of min s 0,1a fr en mtstrcka av min a eller 0,1s fr en mtstrcka av min s

* Number unique to this standard / Nummer unikt fr denna standard

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Standard
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STD 181-0002
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Table 3 Inner discontinuities and shape deviations in butt, fillet, corner, T and lap joints Tabell 3 Inre diskontinuiteter och formavvikelser vid stumsvets, kl-, hrn-, T- och verlappsfrband No. Nr 25 Type of discontinuity Diskontinuitetstyp Crack Spricka Welding class Svetsklass D Steel / Stl Inner crack with h 0,2t is permitted. Crack which reaches the surface or crack in the heataffected zone is not permitted Inre spricka med h 0,2t tillts. Spricka som nr ytan eller spricka i den vrmepverkade zonen (HAZ) tillts ej 26 Lack of fusion Bindfel h 0,2t, is permitted. Lack of fusion must not reach the surface h 0,2t tillts. Bindfel fr ej n ytan 28 Shrinkage cavity Krymphlighet Single shrinkage cavity 0,4t Enskild krymphlighet 0,4t Welding class Svetsklass D Aluminium / Aluminium Inner crack with h 0,2t is permitted. Crack which reaches the surface or crack in the heataffected zone is not permitted Inre spricka med h 0,2t tillts. Spricka som nr ytan eller spricka i den vrmepverkade zonen (HAZ) tillts ej h 0,2t, is permitted. Lack of fusion must not reach the surface h 0,2t tillts. Bindfel fr ej n ytan Single shrinkage cavity 0,4t. Maximum 10 % of the weld area may contain shrinkage cavities Enskild krymphlighet 0,4t. Max 10 % av svetsarean tillts innefatta krymphligheter Single pore extension 0,4t. Maximum 10 % of the welding area may be filled with pores Enskild pors utstrckning 0,4t. Max 10 % av svets arean tillts vara fylld med porer 31 Slag inclusion Slagginneslutning Single slag inclusion 0,4t Enskild slagginneslutning 0,4t Single slag inclusion 0,4t, however max. 2 per section Enskild slagginneslutning 0,4t, dock max 2 per snitt

29

Pores Porer

Single pore extension 0,4t Enskild pors utstrckning 0,4t

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STD 181-0002
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6 Quality assurance
For quality assurance, see STD 8610,03.

6 Kvalitetsuppfljning
Fr kvalitetsuppfljning se STD 8610,03.

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