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yk*vduu@ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf

jynfpHkaumif;rGefaom
pD;yGm;a&;0ef;usif azmfaqmifa&;
Establishing

a more Favourable
Economic Environment for
Private Sector Development

OD;0if;atmif
Ou|
jynfaxmifpkorwj
wjrefrmEkdifiHukefonfrsm;ESifh
pufrIvufrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;csKyf

wifjyrnfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;
I.
II.
III.

IV.
V.

VI.

ed'gef;
yk*vduvkyfief;rsm;\tcef;u@
vuf&dSpD;yGm;a&;ywf0ef;usifwGif yk*vduu@ awGUMuHKae&aom
pdefac:rIrsm;
vuf&dSpD;yGm;a&;0ef;usifaumif;rGefatmif pOf;pm;oifhonfhtcsufrsm;
yk*vduu@ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf vdktyfaom pD;yGm;a&;
rl0g'rsm;tay:tMuHjyKcsuf
ed*Hk;

I. ed'gef;
 1988 ckESpf aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfudk pwifusifhoHk;onfhtcsdefrSpwif pD;yGm;a&;
u@wdkif;wGif aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf (Market Economic System) azmfaqmifEkdifa&;
twGuf OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifcJhonfh tcsufrsm;1) A[dkpD;yGm;a&;csKyfudkifrIavQmhcsjcif; (Decentralization economic control)?
2) aps;EIef;xdrf;csKyfrIrsm; y,fzsufjcif; (Abolishing Price Control)?
3)
4)
5)
6)


EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;cGifhjyKjcif; (Allowing Foreign Direct Investment)


yk*vdubPfrsm; vkyfaqmifcGifhjyKjcif;?
qefpyg;vkyfief;tm; vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&GufcGifhjyKjcif;?
tajccHtaqmufttHkqdkif&m zHGUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudkyHhyk;d jcif; (Improving Infrastructure)
1995 ckESpfrSpEkdifiHykdifvkyfief;rsm;tm; yk*vdutoGiful;ajymif;a&; (Privatization)
ukd pwifvkyfaqmifcJh&m yk*vdutoGiful;ajymif;a&;vkyfief;rsm;rSm t&Sdef&vmNyD
jzpfygonf/

II. yk*vduvkyfief;rsm;\tcef;u@
(u) GDP wGif yk*vduu@ yg0ifrItcsdK;tpm; (2009-2010)

(Source: MNPED)

* jynfwGif;tom;wifxkwfvkyfrIwefzkd;wGif yk*vduu@xkwv
f kyfrIrSm 91 %yg0ifygonf/

(c) jynfyukefoG,fa&;wGif yk*vduu@yg0ifrI tcsdK;tpm;

ukefoG,frIu@wGif yk*vduu@\yg0ifrI
(usyfoef;aygif;)
ydkUukef

ckepf
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010

EdkifiHydkif
18139.2
22258.6
23510.8
24446.9

%
60%
63%
63%
59%

yk*vduydkif
11886.9
13038.2
13517
16842.2

oGif;ukef
%
EdkifiHydkif
%
40% 6465.7 38%
37% 4970.9 27%
37% 10744.3 43%
41% 7531.6 33%

2010-2011 29690.1 60% 19416.7 40%

yk*vduydkif
10369.3
13448
14129.5
15305.8

pkpkaygif;ukeo
f G,frI
%
62%
73%
57%
67%

EdkifiHydkif
24604.9
27229.5
34255.1
31978.5

%
53%
51%
55%
50%

yk*vduydkif
22256.2
26486.2
27646.5
32148

%
47%
49%
45%
50%

9876.6 28% 25631.8 72% 39566.7 47% 45048.5 53%

Source: Selected Monthly Economic Indicators

* pkpkaygif;ukefoG,frItcsdK;= yk*vduu@ 53 ; 47 EdkifiHawmfykdifu@

Export Commodities in 2010-11

Import Commodities in 2010-11

Source: Selected Monthly Economic Indicators

(*) yk*vdupufrIvkyfief;rsm; (Private Industries)

(Source: MNPED)

 2009-2010 wGif XmetoDoD;wGif rSwfyHkwifxm;aom pm&if;t& EdkifiHydkif? or0g,rydkifESifh yk*vdu


pufHkpkpkaygif;rSm 116656 ckESihf pufrI (1)? pufrIBuD;MuyfwGif rSwfyHkwifxm;aom yk*vdupufrIvkyfief;
rsm;rSm 43791 ck&dSygonf/

III. vuf&dS pD;yGm;a&;ywf0ef;usifwGif

yk*vduu@awGUMuHKae&aom pdefac:rIrsm;
3-1. jynfwGif;vkyfief;rsm; ydkrdkzGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf&ef vdktyfaeonhftcsufrsm;
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/

ajrydkifqdkifrI (Land)
aiGa&;aMu;a&; (Financing)
vkyfom;tiftm; (Workforce)
tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm; (Infrastructure)
tcGeftaumufqdkif&m (Taxation)
yk*vduydkifqdkifcGifh (Private Property Right)

3-2. FDI rsm; 0ifa&mufrIwdk;wufap&ef vdktyfaeonhftcsufrsm;


1/ rl0g'ESifh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;

(Stable and consistent policy &

regulations)

2/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; (Supply of Information)


3/ tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm; (Infrastructure)
4/ aiGaMu;qkdif&m (Financing)
5/ tcGeftaumufqdkif&m qGJaqmifrIrufvHk;rsm; (Tax Incentive)
6/ tjcm;tcuftcJrsm; (Others)

IV. vuf&dSpD;yGm;a&;0ef;usifaumif;rGefatmif

pOf;pm;oifhonfh tcsufrsm;
4-1. rufckdpD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tajctaeEdIif;,SOfcsuf
Cambodia

Laos

Myanmar

Vietnam

Macroeconomic stability

3.26

2.80

2.60

2.94

Governance _ Crime, theft & disorder

3.32

3.55

3.48

3.45

Quality of policy formulation and implementation

3.39

3.44

2.97

3.31

Quality of government services

3.05

3.23

3.25

3.15

Quality of the legal system

3.09

3.52

3.27

3.25

Corruption control

2.68

2.89

2.88

2.94

Total Average

3.13

3.24

3.07

3.17

Macro Economy

Source: ERIA Survey 2009.

rSwfpk/ 1= tvGefnHh? 2= nHh? 3= oifh? 4= aumif;? 5= tvGefaumif;

4-2. vkyfief;pOfwpfavQmuf&dS tqifhqifhukefusp&dwfrsm;


avQmhcsa&;
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Factor

Thailand

Myanmar

Set up cost

Low

High

Operating cost
Logistics cost
Labor cost
Land price

Low
Low
High
High

High
High
Low
High

Services
Finance/Loan
Infrastructure

OSS available
Available
Good

Limited OSS
Limited
Poor

4-3. tajccHtaqmufttHkzGHUNzdK;a&; (Infrastructure)


1) vQyfppfrD;

(Electricity)

2) a&ESifh oef&Sif;a&;

(Water and Sanitation)

3) o,f,lydkUaqmifa&;
4) qufoG,fa&;

(Transportation)

(Communication)

5) pufrIZkefzGHUNzdK;a&;

(Development of Industrial Zone)

V. yk*vduu@ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf

vdktyfaom pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'rsm;tay:tMuHjyKcsuf
5-1. b@ma&;rl0g'
ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom tcGefpepfjzpfa&; (Better Tax Administration)
ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom tcGeftajcjzpfa&; (Broadening Tax Base)
&Sif;vif;vG,fulaom vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzpfa&; (Simplify Procedures)

5-1. b@ma&;rl0g' (tquf)


ukefacsmxuf ukefMurf;wGif ydkrdkaumufcHaeaom ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGefEIef;xm;rsm;
pOf

ukefMurf;

ukefacsm

tcGefEIef;
ukefMurf; ukefacsm

1 oHjym;

oHjzifhjyKvkyfxm;aoma&pnf^oHyHk;ESifh
owK&nfokwfxm;aomyHk;cGufrsm;/

20%

10%

2
3
4
5

cJwH
Avmpmtkyf
rD;acsmif;
bufx&D

20%
10%
20%
20%

0%
0%
10%
10%

qyfjymrIefYMurf;

20%

0%

aq;0g;trsdK;rsdK;

10%

0.5%

cJqef
pm&Guf
zefacsmif;
cJukefMurf;
"mwfqyfjym&nf^"mwfqyfjymrIefYESifh
6
acs;cRwfaq;rIefY/
aq;0g;oHk;"mwkukefMurf;
7
(Chemical)
Zpfjrpf/

/ OD;wifatmif? ]0ifaiGcGef? tjrwfcGef? ukefoG,fcGef? &wemcGef EIef;xm;rsm;}? 2002? &efukef/

* &Sif;vif;vG,fulNyD; yGifhvif;jrifomrI&Sdonfh tcGefpepfokdYa&muf&Sda&;twGuf tcGefxrf;aqmifcsifatmif


acwfESifhnDaom obm0usonfh EIef;xm;rsm;jzpfa&;? tcGefay;aqmifolrsm;twGuf rufvkH;? cHpm;cGifh
rsm;jzifh qGJaqmifEkdifa&;onf tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/

5-2. aiGaMu;rl0g' (twdk;EIef;? EdkifiHjcm;aiGvJEIe;f )

 EkdifiHjcm;aiGvJEIef;onf pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;tm;vkH;twGuf wkdufkduf?
oG,f0kdufqufpyfvsuf&Sd&m
EkdifiHjcm;aiGvJEIef;wpf&yfwnf;
jzpfa&;ESifh wnfNidrfa&;onf
EkdifiHhpD;yGm;a&;wGif ta&;BuD;qkH;
tcsufjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/

(Source: UMFCCI Business


Magazine, August Issue)

5-2. aiGaMu;rl0g' (tquf)


tm&SEdkifiHrsm;\ twdk;EIef;rsm;
acs;aiG twdk;EIef; bPftyfaiG
EdkifiHrsm;
(%)
twdk;EIef; (%)
puFmyl
5.4
0.4
rav;&Sm;
6.1
3.1
zdvpfydkif
8.8
4.5
blEdkif;
5.5
0.9
xdkif;
7.0
2.5
AD,uferf
15.8
12.7
wkwf
5.3
2.3
*syef
1.9
0.6
awmifudk&D;,m;
7.2
5.9
tif'dkeD;&Sm;
13.6
8.5
jrefrm
17.0
12.0

vuf&SdjrefrmEkdifiH&Sd bPfrsm;tm;vHk;\
twdk;EIef;rSm bPftyfaiG (Saving
Deposit) rSm 12 % ESifh acs;aiG
(Lending) rSm 17% jzpf&m tdrfeD;csif;
EkdifiHrsm; ESifhEIdif;,SOfygu
jrihfrm;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/

Zpfjrpf/ / http://www.tradingeconomics.com

5-3. ukefoG,fa&;rl0g' (ydkYukefjrifhwifa&;)


 Export Financing
- Agri-Trade Financing, Pre-shipment Financing

 Trade Promotion Removing Price Distortion

5-4. pufrIvufrIzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;rl0g'
 Enhancing Industrial Laws
 Strengthening SME Institutions (Higher business set up cost,
SME development fund, etc.,)
 Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment in Manufacturing Sector
(Stable and Consistent Policy and Procedure)
 Readiness for AFTA

5-5. 0ifaiGESifh tvkyftudkifrl0g'


 Human Resource Development Program (OJT, Refresher
Courses)
 Linkage between Education System and Employment
 Job Creation
 Minimum Wage Rate
 Capacity Building in Private and Public Sector

5-6. Administrative Measures


Anti corruption
Red tape
Resistant to change

VI. ed*Hk;
EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIonf ,if;EkdifiH&Sd yk*vdu
u@\ pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIay:wGif rsm;pGmrlwnfaejcif;/
yk*vduu@wkd;wufrIr&SdbJ EkdifiHzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrI&Ekdifrnfr[kwfjcif;/
EkdifiHpD;yGm;a&;ukd trsm;qkH;aqmif&Gufay;aeaom yk*vduu@
zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;twGuf vuf&Sdvkdtyfaeaom rufckdpD;yGm;a&;
tajctae aumif;rGefatmif azmfaqmifay;&ef txl;vkdtyfaejcif;/
toif;csKyftaejzifh wm0efodaom (Responsible) ? vlrIa&;wm0ef
(Corporate Social Responsibility) ausyGefaom yk*vduu@jzpf&ef
pnf;kH;OD;aqmifoGm;rnf jzpfouJhokdY EkdifiHawmfyikd f;rSvnf;
yk*vduu@\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd tjrefjznfhqnf;ay;Ekdif vkdtyfjcif;/
** yk*vd
vdupD;yGm;a&;u@jrSifhwifjcif;jzifh EdkifiHpD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufaprnf/**

aus;Zl;wifygw,f/

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