Crop Insect Pest - Cash Crops - Pest of Sugarcane

Crop insect pest :: Cash Crops :: Pest of Sugarcane
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Crop Insect Pest: Cash crops:Pest of sugarcane

Insect pests of sugarcane
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Crop: Sugarcane S.N: Saccharum officinarum Family: Poaceae Pests
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Important pests Early shoot borer- Chilo infuscatellus Stem or internode borer: Chilo sacchariphagus indicus Top shoot borer, Scripophaga excerptalis Leafhopper, Pyrilla perpusilla Whitefly, Aleurolobus barodensis Cane mealy wing whitefly, Neomaskellia bergii Scale insect, Melanaspis glomerata Mealy bug, Kiritshenkella sacchari Wooly Aphid: Ceratovacuna lanigera ; C. Graminum Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, M.indosacchari Termite, Odontotermes obesus Root grub, Holotrichia consanguinea; H. serrata, 1. Early shoot borer- Chilo infuscatellus Symptoms of damage Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Identification Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Management
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Dead heart in 1-3 months old crop, which can be easily pulled out Rotten portion of the straw coloured dead heart emits an offensive odour Bore holes at the base just above the ground level
Bore holes
Side tiller formation
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Dead heart
Dead heart
Top Identification of the pest
Larva - Five dark violet stripes and dark brown head Adult - Pale greyish brown moth with white hind wings
Larva
Adult
Top
MANAGEMENT
Early planting during main season. Intercrop: Daincha low shoot borer incidence Trash mulching: 10 15 cm thickness on 3 days after planting Earthing up: 45 th Days After Planting (DAP). Remove and destroy dead hearts Spray Granulosis virus 106 107 twice on 35 and 50 days after planting (DAP) Tachinid parasite: Sturmiopsis inferens @ 125 gravid females from 30- 50 days of planting Whorl application: Sevidol 4G @ 12.5 kg or Lindane 10 G 12 kg + 37.5 kg of sand / ha Soil application: Carbofuran 3G @ 33 kg/ ha or chlorpyriphos @ 12.5kg/ ha Spray endosulfan 35 EC @ 1000 ml or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @1000 ml / ha or NSKE 5 % twice.
Top 2. Stem or internode borer: Chilo sacchariphagus indicus Symptoms of damage
Internodes constricted and shortened with a number bore holes and frass in the nodal region Affected tissues reddened
Top Damages of internode borer
Feeding injury Identification of the pest
Reddening of cane
Bore holes
Larva - four violet or pink stripes and light brown head
Larva
Adult - Pale brown with white hind wings
Adult
Top Management
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Collect and destroy the eggs periodically Detrash: 150 and 210 DAP Avoid use of excessive nitrogen fertilizers Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma chilonis @ 2.5 c.c / ha (6 releases from 4th month onwards at 15 days interval)
Top 3. Top shoot borer, Scripophaga excerptalis Symptoms of damage
Parallel rows of shot holes in the emerging leaves and Red tunnels in the midribs of leaves Dead heart in grown up canes which cannot be easily pulled Dead heart reddish brown in colour Bunchy top due to growth of side shoots
Top Damages of top Shoot Borer
Shot holes on leaves Identification of the pest
Bunch top
Dead heart
Larva - Smooth, white or cream coloured with a red coloured mid dorsal line Adult - White coloured moth. Female has buff coloured anal tuft in abdominal tips
Larva
Adult
Top
Management
Collect and destroy the egg masses Release Ichneumonid parasitoid: Isotima javensis @ 125 females / ha (prepupal parasitoid) [NOTE: fields showing more than 10 percent top borer infestation.]
Top 4. Leafhopper, Pyrilla perpusilla Symptoms of damage
Leaves become yellow Covered with black sooty mould Top leaves get dried up and lateral buds germinate
Top
Identification of the pest
Nymph - soft, pale brown dorsally and pale orange ventrally with two characteristic anal filaments Adult - Straw coloured, head pointing forward as a snout Adult
Top Management
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers Set up light trap Detrash: 150 and 210th DAP Release lepidopteran parasitoid: Epiricrania melanoleuca @8000 -10,000 cocoon /ha (or) 8 - 10 lacs egg/ha.
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Spray any one of the following on the 150th and 210th day (1000 l spray fluid): Malathion 50 EC 2000 ml Endosulfan 35 EC 2000 ml Monocrotophos 36 WSC 2000 ml
Top 5. Whitefly, Aleurolobus barodensis
Symptoms of damage
Yellowing of leaves turn pinkish latter Gradual drying and presence of sooty mould
Wilting of leaves
Nymph - Neonate pale yellow latter turn shiny black Adult - Pale yellow
Top 6. Cane mealy wing whitefly, Neomaskellia bergii Symptoms of damage
Black, grey or white dot like in appearance Infests under surface of leaves
Nymph - Brownish oval Adult - Black bands on wings

Top Management
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers Fenitrothion 50 EC @ 2 lit or moncrotohphos 36 SL @ 2 lit /ha
Top 7. Scale insect, Melanaspis glomerata
Symptoms of damage Dark encrustations on the internode
Top Identification of the pest Greyish black or brown circular scale Management
Select scale insect free setts Bunds free from weeds Avoid repeated ratoons Detrash as per schedule Drain excess water Avoid water stagnation Presoak the setts in 0.1% malathion solution Spray of the following insecticides(120/150 day after detrashing) Dimethoate 30 EC @ 2ml/lit of water methyl demeton 25 EC @ 2ml/lit of water
Top 8. Mealy bug, Kiritshenkella sacchari, Pink mealy bug: Sacchricoccus sacchari
Symptoms of damage
Pinkish, oval insects found beneath leaf sheath on the nodes White mealy coating Stunting of main cane and also attack roots
Top
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Identification of the Pest
Adult - Flattened, pinkish, oval with mealy coating
Top Management
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers Drain excess water. Spray malathion 50 EC@ 1 lit /ha.
Nymph - Third and fourth instar nymphs covered with white wooly secretion Adult - Apterous adults covered with white wooly secretion Ceratovacuna lanigera - Light green colour C. graminum - Light yellow in colour. Winged adult is black in colour
Top 9. Wooly Aphid: Ceratovacuna lanigera ; C. graminum Symptoms of damage
Nymph and adults suck the sap from leaves Honey dew excrete development of sooty mould fungus White chalk powder coating on the ground and leaves.
Top
Nymph - Third and fourth instar nymphs covered with white wooly secretion Adult - Apterous adults covered with white wooly secretion Ceratovacuna lanigera - Light green colour C. graminum - Light yellow in colour. Winged adult is black in colour
Management
Field release of biocontrol agents like Dipha aphidivora, Micromus and coccinellids Avoiding transportation of aphid infested leaves from one location to another. Avoiding use of infested cane for seed purpose. Ensuring that the insecticides treated leaves are not used as fodder. Spray any one of the following insecticides once or twice in affected patches: acephate 75SP @ 2gm/lit, chlorpyrifos 25EC @ 2ml/lit, monocrotophos 36WSC @ 2ml/lit, endosulfan 35EC @ 2ml/lit.
Top 10. Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, M.indosacchari
Symptoms of damage Yellowing of leaves, colonies of aphids in central leaf whorl presence of ants
Nymph - Yelow Adult - Purple

Top Management
Detrash as per schedule Drain excess water

11. Termite, Odontotermes obesus
Symptoms of damage Identification of the pest
Top
Cream coloured, tiny insects resembling ants with dark coloured head crop Management
Poor germination of setts ( After Planting) Characteristic semi- circular feeding marks on the leaves in the standing
Entire shoot dries up and can be pulled out easily Setts hollow inside and may be filled with soil Flood irrigate the furrows to avoid Cane collapsesthedisturbed the time of planting termite attack in if furrows at Rind filled with mud
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Sett treatment -
Dip the setts in imidacloprid 70 WS 0.1% or Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04 % for 5 min. Soil application - Apply lindane 1.3 D 125 kg/ha Spray application of Imidacloprid 200 SL at 250 ml in 250 l of water / ha
Top 12. Root grub, Holotrichia consanguinea; H. serrata, Leucopholis lepidophora Symptoms of damage
Yellowing and wilting of leaves Drying of crown Affected canes come off easily
Top Identification of the pest i) Holotrichia consanguinea; H. serrata,
Egg - White, almost round. Larva - Young grubs are translucent, whitish yellow in colour, fleshy C - shaped Adults - Dark brown beetle
ii) Leucopholis lepidophora
Larvae- creamy white with swollen dark last abdominal segment Adults Reddish brown beetle with dark tinge
Top Management
Set up light trap Provide adequate irrigation Crop rotation in endemic areas Collect and destroy the adult beetles present on neem, Ailanthus and Acacia Lindane 1.3 D @ 50 kg /ha near the root zone
Top
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Crop Insect Pest - Cash Crops - Pest of Sugarcane

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Crop insect pest :: Cash Crops :: Pest of Sugarcane