PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE, ENGINEERING & ADVANCED COMPUTING (ICNEAC-2011)

A SVPWM FED BOOST FORWARD CONVERTER TO REGULATE BUS AND OUTPUT VOLTAGES WITH PFC
G. SRAVAN KUMAR,CHINTA NARENDRA KUMAR,CH.RAM BABU Sri vasavi Engineering college,pedatadepalli,Tadepalligudem, W.G Dt. (A.P.), India Department of Electrical & Electronics engineering Email:sravan357@gmail.com,chnk.eee@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
There are some existing single stage converters in which the bus and output voltages are not controlled, A SVPWM fed converter is achieved to control the intermediate voltage, output voltage may be regulated and the power factor correction may be achieved. The circuit is formed by integrating a boost PFC converter with a two switch clamped forward converter. There will be two MOSFET used in this proposed circuit, the transistor switching will be given with external triggering for high and low state. This will be done with SVPWM technique, since there will be separate conduction periods the current stress will be reduced. Since external triggering is done with SVPWM technique to the proposed converter. So the converter can achieve PFC correction, bus voltage and the output voltage may be regulated, The whole circuit can be designed by using MATLAB software and the expected results can be obtained. KEYWORDS: Power Factor Correction (PFC), Forward Converter, SVPWM technique

I. INTRODUCTION Unlike existing single-stage ac/dc converters with uncontrolled intermediate bus voltage[1]-[7], a new singlestage ac/dc converter achieving power factor correction (PFC), intermediate bus voltage regulation, and output voltage regulation is proposed. The single-power-stage circuit is formed by integrating a boost PFC converter with a two-switch-clamped forward converter. The current stress of the main power switches is reduced due to separated conduction period of the two source currents flowing through the power switch. A carrier based space vector PWM controller is proposed to achieve PFC and ensure independent bus voltage and output voltage regulation. Single stage power-factor-corrected (S2PFC) ac/dc converters, which combine a power factor correction (PFC) circuit and a dc/dc regulator circuit and share a common set of active power switches, have been introduced The aims are to reduce the converter size, control circuitry, and, thus, cost. Three critical problems are found in S2PFC converters[8]: 1) Extra current stress on the switch, as it has to handle currents from the line input voltage and the bus voltage simultaneously, hence lowering conversion efficiency; 2) High voltage stress on power semiconductor devices due to uncontrolled intermediate bus voltage; and 3) Voltage spike on the main switch caused by the leakage energy for transformer-isolated rear dc/dc stage. Therefore, the S2PFC approach is only attractive for low-power applications 1) The proposed S2PFC converter gives simultaneous PFC,bus voltage regulation, and fast output regulation, which are not possible in existing S2PFC converters. 2) No additional switches, such as a range switch, are

needed to implement universal input range applications. 3) The current stress of the two power switches is lower than that of the single-switch (or multiple-switch) S2PFC coverters II. PWM TECHNIQUE Three phase voltage-fed PWM inverters are recently showing growing popularity for multi-megawatt industrial drive applications. The main reasons for this popularity are easy sharing of large voltage between the series devices and the improvement of the harmonic quality at the output as compared to a two level inverter. In the lower end of power, GTO devices are being replaced by IGBTs because of their rapid evolution in voltage and current ratings and higher switching frequency. The Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation of a three level inverter provides the additional advantage of superior harmonic quality and larger under-modulation range that extends the modulation factor to 90.7% from the traditional value of 78.5% in Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation. The Carrier-Based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Technique It is desired that the ac output voltage vo = vaN follow a given waveform (e.g., sinusoidal) on a continuous basis by properly switching the power valves. The carrier-based PWM technique fulfils such a requirement as it defines the on and off states of the switches of one leg of a VSI by comparing a modulating signal vc (desired ac output voltage) and a triangular waveform v (carrier signal). In practice, when vc > v the switch S+ is on and the switch S- is off; similarly, when vc < v the switch S+ is off and the switch S- is on. Fig.1. shows the basic block of carrier based SVPWM technique.

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A. Circuit Description The proposed boostforward S2PFC converter is shown in Fig.2. It consists of an input inductor L1, a two-transistor clamped (S1 and S2) forward converter with transformer T1,and a storage capacitor CB. The boost inductor L1 is used to shape the input current for PFC and to feed CB. TransformerT1 with turns ratio of N:1 is used to transfer energy from CB to the output load at transistor turn-on period[9]-[10]. Bus capacitor CB serves as a storage element to absorb power imbalance between the input and the output and maintain the output voltage to be constant. Diodes D1 and D2 are used to recycle the leakage energy in T1 back to CB, provide a path for T1 reset, and clamp the drain-to-source voltages of S2 and S1 to bus voltage VB. D3is a bypass diode for charging of CB to provide the necessary housekeeping power at startup. Once VB rises above the peak input voltage, D3 is reverse biased. B. Circuit Operation To simplify the analysis of operation, it is assumed that all semiconductor devices are ideal. The capacitances of CB and Co are so large that the ripple voltage on them is negligible VB and Vo are constant dc voltage sources. The rectified input voltage |vin| is essentially constant within each switching cycle,as the switching frequency fs(= 1/Ts) is much higher than the line frequency. Finally, the boost inductor L1 works in DCM, where as the primary inductance of forward transformer Lp operates in continuous conduction mode[11]. The modes of operation are explained as follows. Mode 1 (T0 T1): Both switches S1 and S2 are closed. As the intermediate bus voltage VB is higher than the rectified input voltage |vin| at all times, the bridge diodes are reverse biased in this mode. Therefore, inductor L1 is not charged, and iL1 = 0.Capacitor CB is discharged through S2 Lp S1. Energy is being transferred to the output through T1. A voltage (VB/N Vo) is applied on Lo, and it is charged up linearly. This period is for regulation of Vo. Mode 2 (T1 T2): Mode 2 is initiated by turning off S2 while S1 remains in ON state. The parallel capacitance of S2 is charged up so that the drain-to-source voltage of S2, VDS2,rises toward VB until it is clamped by VB. Because Ip cannot sustain a sudden change of current direction, D1 is turned onto maintain the current flow in T1. The voltage applied across the primary winding of T1 is thus zero (assuming that D1has zero forward voltage drop). Namely, T1 is free wheeling within this interval, and the rate of change of ip is zero. The secondary winding of T1 is also at 0 V. Therefore, D4 is reverse biased, and D5 conducts to carry the discharge current of Lo. Mean while, a voltage |vin| is applied on L1, and it is charged up linearly. This period is for PFC and regulation of VB.In contrast to existing S2PFC converters, the

proposed converter has separate operation modes (modes 1 and 2) to separate currents from input line voltage and bus capacitor. This reduces current stress on the power switches. Mode 3 (T2 T3): Mode 3 begins when S1 is also turned off. The parallel capacitance of S1 is charged by ip. The drain to-source voltage of S1, vDS1, rises toward VB. When VDS1 rises slightly above VB, D2 is forward biased. VDS1 is clamped at VB, and vDS2 is reduced to VB |vin|. Diode D2 provides the path to maintain the discharge current of L1, and the energy in L1 is dumped to CB through Lp and D2. T1 is reset through the same path. Lo continues to discharge, and Co assists to sustain Vo. This period is for T1 reset and energy transfer to storage elements. c.control: Fg.1 shows the simplified schematic of the carrier based PWM control for the proposed converter.there are two switches in the circuit i.e S1 and S2.by switching on and off the both switches at various intervals the out put voltage and intermediate voltage can be controlled since SVPWM is fed to the both switches smooth switching takes place

FIG.1.Carrier Based Space Vector modulation for converter

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FIG.2. Proposed SVPWM converter

III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The new proposed converter has achieved bus voltage regulation,output voltage regulation and PFC at a time.fig3. Shows the input voltage Vin and filtered input current Iin is shown in fig 4 at 240V, fig 5 shows that the measured power factor is 0.96 and efficiency of the converter is above 86% Fig 5. Shows the waveforms of iD1 and Fig6. Shows switching wave forms of iL1 this shows that although the incoming supply is stopped there was no interruption in the flow of current in the circuit this reduces the current stress taking place on the switches.

FIG.4.filtered input current Iin at 240 V

FIG.5. Measured power factor and efficiency FIG.3. Input voltagw Vin at 240V

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currents passes through the switches at a time with in each switching period,so current stress on the power switches is reduced REFERENCES [1] D. M. Divan, G. Venkataramanan, and C. Chen, A unity powerfactor forward converter, in Conf. Rec. IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 1992,pp. 666672. [2] R. Redl, L. Balogh, and N. O. Sokal, A new family of single stage isolated power factor correctors with fast regulation of the output voltage,in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1994, pp. 11371144.. [3] M. Daniele, P. K. Jain, and G. Joos, A single-stage power-factor corrected AC/DC converter, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 14, no. 6,pp. 10461053, Nov. 1999. [4] D. M. Divan, G. Venkataramanan, and C. Chen, A unity power factor forward converter, in Conf. Rec. IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 1992,pp. 666672. [5] M. H. L. Chow, Y. S. Lee, and C. K. Tse, Singlestage single-switch isolated PFC regulator with unity power factor, fast transient response,and low-voltage stress, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 156163, Jan. 2000. [6] M. M. Jovanovic, D. M. C. Tsang, and C. Lee, Reduction of voltagestress in integrated high-quality rectifier-regulators by variable frequencycontrol, in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf., 1994, pp. 569 575.current shaping and fast output voltage regulation via reset winding,IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 125133, Feb. 2002. [7] O. Garcia, J. A. Cobos, P. Alou, R. Prieto, and J. current feedback, in Proc. IEEEAppl. Power Electron. Conf., 2005, pp. 270276. [9] J. L. Lin, W. K. Yao, and S. P. Yang, Analysis and design for a novel single-stage high power factor correction diagonal half-bridge forward ACDC converter, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 22742286, Oct. 2006. [10] D. D. C. Lu, D. K. W. Cheng, and Y. S. Lee, Single-stage ACDC power-factor-corrected voltage regulator with reduced intermediate bus voltage stress, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng.Elect. Power Appl., vol. 150, no. 5,pp. 506514, Sep. 2006. [11] D. D. C. Lu, D. K. W. Cheng, and Y. S. Lee, Reduction of current and voltage stresses in single-stage AC/DC power factor correction converters with reduced repeated power processing and inherent input current control, correction, IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 421430, May 2006.

FIG.5. Switching wave forms of ID1

FIG.5. Switching wave forms of IL1

IV. CONCLUSION This paper has presented a new S2PFC converter which is fed with SVPWM. Which is utilised for regulating bus and output voltages at the same time the main concept of the circuit is to construct the power circuit so that the current from ac mains and bus capacitor can be separately controlled even though the two power processing stages share the same power switches only one of the two