DATA COMMUNICATION OVER TELEPHONE LINES

INTRODUCTION The Serial I/O technique is used to send data over long distance through telephone lines. Telephone lines are designed to handle voice. Bandwidth of telephone lines ranges from 300 Hz to 3300 Hz. A calling computer also known as originator contacts a receiving computer through telephone number and communication link is established after control signals has been exchanged between computers and modems. Fig. Communication over Telephone lines using modems 1270 Hz Audio Signal 1070 Hz Microcomputer Parallel-to-serial converter Modem

1270 Hz Telephone lines 1070 Hz Microcomputer Serial-to-parallel converter Modem Telephone lines

STANDARDS IN SERIAL I/O: The serial I/O technique is used to interface terminals, printers and modems. These peripherals and computers are designed and manufactured by various manufacturers. When data are transmitted as voltage the commonly used standard is known as RS-232C. It is defined in reference to Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communication Equipment (DCE) as shown in fig(a)

TR

MC 1488 Transmit 2

RS232

MC 1489 2 Receive TT1

cable

Data Terminal Equipment DTE

13.4V 0.2v

9v +9v Receive 3 GND 7 3 7

-9v +9v Transmitter

+3.4v +0.2v

Data Communic ation Equipment DCE

GND MC1488

Signals Secondary Transmitted Data Se4condary Received Data Receiver Signal E4 Unassigned Secondary Request DCE Data Terminal Signal Quality Data Ring Indicator Data Signal Rate Selector (DTE/DCE Source) Transmit Signal Element Timing (DTE Source) Unassigned

14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Signals Protective Ground Received Data (RD-DTE Request to Send (RTS) DCE Clear to Send (CTS) DTE Data Send Ready (DSR) DTE Received Line Signal Detector Reserved for Data Set Testing Reserved for Data Set Transmission

23 24 25

10 11 12

Unassigned

Secondary Record Line Signal Detector Secondary Clear to Send

RS-232C: Fig(b) Shows RS-232C, 25-pin connector and its signals. The timing signals are divided into four groups. Data signals, control signals, timing signals and grounds.

(2) DTE Micro Computer (7)

Tx

Rx

(2) DCE (3) Modem (1)

DTE

(2)

Tx

Tx

(2) (3)

Micro Computer (3) Rx (7)

Rx

DTE (7)

(a)

(b)

Rig Rs-232C connections: DTE to DCE and DTE to DTE. The table of comparison of 3 standards is shown below. Pin No. 2 3 4 5

Signals Transmitted Data Received Data Request to send Clear to Send TxD TxD RTS CTS

Function Output Transmit Data from DTE to DCE Input DTE Receive Data from DCE General purpose output from DTE General input to DTE

Review of serial I/O concepts and approaches to implementation: In asynchronous Data Transmission steps are summarized as follows: 1. Inform receiver of beginning and end of transmission. 2. Convert parallel word into stream of serial bits. 3. Transmit 1 bit at a time.