PROJECT ON ON-LINE TRADING

(Part of 45 days MBA training)

Name: RAJESH KUMAR SHARMA ROLL NO: 100062243125. Training duration:June 7, 2011 to July 21, 2011.

DECLARATION:

I, Rajesh kumar sharma(Roll No.100062243125), Student of Baba Banda Singh Bhadur Engineering College Fatehgarh Sahib hereby declare that I have completed the project named On-line Trading as a part of 45 days specialized institutional training at Delhi Stock Exchange (DSE). The information submitted is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

(RAJESH KUMAR SHARMA)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project work, I have received buttress and support from myriad quarters that need special mention. I, Rajesh kumar sharma, like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank Ms. Yasmin Rizwan, General Manager Listing(DSE) and Mr. Nitin Thani, Assistant Manager Listing (DSE) for their guidance and valuable suggestions without which this project could not have been successfully completed. I would even like to thank my family members and my friends for providing me the facilities required to complete this project and make it a great success. I will forever remain thankful to all these people for their overwhelming response and cooperation.

SYNOPSIS:
ONLINE TRADING 1. About trading and investors. 2. Introduction of Online Trading:

History Objective, merits and demerits Dematerialization and rematerialization.

3. Where trading is done : BSE and NSE 4. The Big two architectures 5. Top players in online trading 6. Depository System

About NSDL and CDSL Objectivity, Activity and benefit of Depository.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This project is about the latest trend in trading through online networking that is taking the Business World by storm. Online trading networking or networking on the net is becoming the easiest, fast, very focused and a most effective means of growing the chain of contract to help in climbing the success ladder with much ease. SCOPE This project study covers the different genres of networking, be the trading through online or more relaxed. METHODOLOGY This project provides a clear objective insight into the phenomenon of online trading. This project has been a primary data based project right since its conception. Beside a minuscule number of statistics and research data which was found online, all the inferences and conclusions have been made on the real time usage of networking websites. OBJECTIVE The objective of this project is to bring in focus the most innovative upcoming technology trading or investing. RECOMMENDATION Going through the traditional meet and greet routines for extending and enriching our networks can be quite perfunctory and ineffective. Online trading has held the helm of many ship on the brink of capsizing, many success story has been written on the pages of online trading networking. A budding entrepreneur needs networking more than anything els; his ship is then assured of smooth sailing even in the rough seas.

ABOUT TRADING INVESTORS:

Trading: A trading is process in which someone who buys and sells Financial Instruments such as stocks, bonds or derivatives. Traders are Professionals, casual investors or speculators in financial instruments traded in the stock market, commodity market and Derivative market, comprising of Stock Exchanges, derivative Exchanges and commodity exchanges. WHY TRADING IS DONE BY AN INVESTOR? Investor can deal with the stock exchange securities either for a genuine trading purpose or for the purpose of speculative trading. Genuine investors give/take delivery of shares with no intention to postpone the settlement to the next period. Their primary motive is to get long term gains. On the other hand Speculators do not give/take delivery of shares. They deal in the difference of purchase and sale prices. Their main intention is to carry forward the transactions and get short term gains due to price differences.

ONLINE TRADING
The net is used as a medium of trading in internet trading. Orders are communicated to the stock exchange through website. The SEBI committees on internet based securities trading services has allowed the net to be used as an Order Routing System (ORS) through registered stock brokers on behalf of their clients for execution of transaction. Under ORS the clients enters his requirements (security, quantity, price, buy/sell) in the brokers site. They are checked electronically against the clients account and
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routed electronically to the appropriate exchange for execution of the broker4. The client receives a confirmation on execution of the order. The customers portfolio and ledger accounts get updated to reflect the transaction. The user should have the user id and password to enter in the electronic ring. He should also have a demat account and bank account. The system permits only a registered client to log in using the user ID and password. Orders can be placed using place orders window of the website. Internet trading provides total transparency between the broker and an investor in the secondary market. In the open outcry system, only the broker knew the actually transacted price. Screen based trading provides more transparency. With online trading investors can see themselves the price at which the deal takes place. The time gap has narrowed at every stage of operation. Confirmation and execution of trade reaches the investor within the least possible time, mostly within 30 seconds.

The information technology has brought out revolutionary change in the operations of stock exchanges across the globe. The traditional method of trading was time consuming and inefficient. Further, it imposed limits on trading volumes and efficiency. To overcome those defects and to provide efficient and transparent services, the NSE has introduced the Nation wide On-line fully automated screen based trading system (SBTS). Now, the other stock exchanges have been forced to adopt SBTS and today India can feel proud on the fact that almost 100% take place by electronic order matching.

Under SBTS a member can punch into computer a number of securities and prices at which he would like to transact. It gets executed as soon as it finds the matching sale/buy order from the counter party. Thus, technology has helped in carrying the trading hall of exchanges to the premises of the brokers. NSE has carried the trading the internet and the hand held devices through WAP for the convenience of mobile investors.

Small Beginning:

Compared to the Western nation, online trading is still in infant stage in India. With trading turnover around Rs. 10 Crores per day from On-line trading compared to the combined gross turnover of around Rs. 9000 to 10000 crores handled by BSE and NSE together, ON-Line trading has a long way to go. With some ten dotcom players, such as icicidirect.com, investmart, 5paisa.com, Indiabulls, and a host of brokers such as kotaksteet, sharekhan, geojit securities and dutt stock, entering the Online ring promises exciting times ahead.

History of online trading:

The birth of online trading came with the debut of the Internet. Prior to this, everyone who traded placed their order through a broker who greatly influenced their purchase decisions. As a matter of fact, only large businesses had access to the web before 1979. Today, however, daily investments are made by individuals through the Internet as online trading continues to remain one of society's most popular ventures. Online trading began in the 1900s with the advent of the Internet. Where traders once had to physically call in their transactions, online trading opened a new

window of opportunity. Traders were able to place their transactions independent of an external broker. Online brokerage firms became the new way to conduct business. CompuServe came on the scene in 1969 as the first major online service company. By the mid-1980s, it was considered a giant in its field.

Objectives of internet trading:

1. Increase transparency in markets

2. Enhance market quality through improved liquidity, by increasing quote

continuity and market depth

3. Reduce settlement risk due to open trades, due to mismatches.

4. Provide management information systems(MIS)

5. Introduce flexibility in system, to handle growing volumes easily and to

support nationwide expansion of market activity.

6. Beside through internet trading three fundamental objectives of SEBI can

easily be achieved these are: investor protection; creation of fair and efficient market and reduction of systematic risks.

Two types of trading environments: merits & demerits

1. Traditionally stock trading is done through stock brokers, personally or through telephones. As number of people trading in stock market increase enormously in last few years, some issues like location constrains, busy phone lines, miss communication etc start growing in stock broker offices. Information technology (Stock Market Software) helps stock brokers in solving these problems with Online Stock Trading.

Online Stock Market Trading is an internet based stock trading facility. Investor can trade shares through a website without any manual intervention from Stock Broker. In this case these Online Stock Trading companies are stock broker for the investor. They are registered with one or more Stock Exchanges. Mostly Online Trading Websites in India trades in BSE and NSE. There are two different type of trading environments available for online equity trading.
1. Installable software based Stock Trading Terminals

These trading environment requires software to be installed on investors computer. This software is provided by the stock broker. This software requires high speed internet connection. These kind of trading terminals are used by high volume intra day equity traders.
Advantages:

Orders directly send to stock exchanges rather then stock broker. This makes order execution very fast. It provides almost each and every information which is required to a trader on a single screen including stock market charts, live data, alerts, stock market news etc.

Disadvantages:

Locations constrain - You cannot trade if you are not on the computer where you have installed trading terminal software. It requires high speed internet connection.

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These trading terminals are not easily available for low volume share traders.

2. Web (Internet) based trading application:

This kind of trading environment doesn't require any additional software installation. They are like other internet websites which investor can access from around the world through normal internet connection. Below are few advantages and disadvantages of Online Stock Market Trading:
Advantages of Online Stock Trading (Website based):

Real time stock trading without calling or visiting broker's office. Display real time market watch, historical datas, graphs etc. Investment in IPOs, Mutual Funds and Bonds. Check the trading history; demat account balance and bank account balance at any time. Provide online tools like market watch, graphs and recommendations to do analysis of stocks. Place offline orders for buying or selling stocks. Set alert to inform you certain activity on the stock through email or SMS. Customer service through Email or Chat. Secure transactions.
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Disadvantages of Online Stock Trading (Website based):

Website performance - sometime the website is too slow or not enough user friendly. Little long learning curve especially for people who dont know much about computer and internet. Brokerages are little high.

Dematerialization:

Dematerialization is the process in which the physical certificates of an investor are taken back by the company. The registrar destroys the shares and equivalent number of shares is credited in the electronic holdings of the investor. This is done at the request of the investor.
The Process

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1. Surrendering of certificate to DP for dematerialization.

2. NSDL (depository) is informed by the DP through electronic connectivity.

3. Original share certificates are submitted to the registrar by the DP. 4. The request for dematerialization from NSDL to the register. 5. The registrar credits an equivalent number of shares in the account and informs NSDL. 6. The NSDL updates its own account and the DP is informed. 7. The depository agent credits it in the account of the investor and the same is informed to the investor.

Rematerialisation:

Sometimes the investor may like to convert his electronic holdings back into physical share certificate. The process undertaken for this purpose is known as rematerialisation.
The Process

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1. Investor requests the DP for rematerialisation. 2. The DP informs this to NSDL. 3. NSDL intimates the Registrar. 4. The Registrar of the company prints certificates with new numbers and informs NSDL. 5. NSDL adjusts its account and passes on the details to the DP. 6. The certificates are despatched to the investor.
Where trading is done?

Trading is done in two stock exchanges. There are 22 stock exchanges situated in Delhi, Ahmadabad, Kolkata, Chennai etc. there are two major stock exchanges in India i.e. BSE and NSE.

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Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

Bombay Stock Exchange was established as "The Native Share & Stock Brokers' Association" in 1875. Among the twenty-two Stock Exchanges recognised by the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, it was the first one to be recognised and it is the only one that had the privilege of getting permanent recognition ab-initio. Over the years, BSE has facilitated in the development of the Indian corporates by providing them an efficient capital raising platform. The main aims and objectives of the BSE is to provide a market place for the purchase and sale of security evidencing the ownership of business property or of a public or business debt. It aims to promote, develop and maintain a well regulated market for dealing in securities and to safeguard the interest of members and the investing public having dealings on the Exchange. It helps industrial development of the country through efficient resource mobilization. To establish and promote honourable and just practices in securities transactions.

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In the present scenario BSE is the world's number 1 exchange in terms of the number of companies listed (over 4900)on it. It is the world's 5th most active in terms of number of transactions handled through its electronic trading system. BSE is the first Exchange in the country and second in the world to receive Information Security Management System Standard BS 7799-2-2002 certification for its BSE On-Line trading System (BOLT). BSE is the first exchange in India and the second in the world to obtain an ISO 9001:2000 certification. The BSE Index, SENSEX, is India's first and most popular Stock Market benchmark index. Exchange traded funds (ETF) on SENSEX, are listed on BSE and in Hong Kong. Futures and options on the index are also traded at BSE.

NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE (NSE)

The National Stock Exchange (NSE), located in Bombay, is India's first debt market. It was set up in 1993 to encourage stock exchange reform through system modernization and competition. It opened for trading in mid-1994.

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The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended promotion of a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FIs) to provide access to investors from all across the country on an equal footing. Based on these recommendations, NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company unlike other stock exchanges in the country. On its recognition as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 in April 1993, NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment commenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000. Over the following years NSE introduced various products and services such as introduction of internet trading, Exchange traded funds (ETF), stock derivatives and the first volatility index IndiaVIX, Interest Rate Futures and is continuing to do so to take care of the evolving needs.
THE 'BIG TWO' ARCHITECTURES

NSE and BSE, the 'big two' exchanges believe in updating and upgrading its technology systems to keep delivering according to commitments and promises made to its members, partners, and customers.

NSE architecture - NEAT

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NSE has deployed NIBIS (NSE's Internet Based Information System) for real-time dissemination of trading information over the Internet and NEAT a client-serverbased application to help its operations. NEAT stores all trading information in an in-memory database at the server end to achieve minimum response time and maximum system availability for users. The trading server software runs on a fault-tolerant STRATUS mainframe and the client software runs on Windows PCs. The telecommunications network uses the X.25 protocol and is the backbone of the automated trading system. Each trading member trades on the NSE with other members through a PC located in the trading member's office. The trading members on the Wholesale Debt Market segment are linked to the central computer at the NSE through dedicated 64 Kbps leased lines and VSAT terminals. These leased lines are multiplexed using dedicated 2 MB optical-fiber links. The WDM participants connect to the trading system through dial-up links. The exchange uses RISC-based Unix servers from Digital and HP for backoffice processing. Applications like Oracle 7 and SQL/Oracle Forms 4.5 front ends are used for the exchange functions.
BSE architecture BOLT

BSE has deployed an On-Line Trading system (BOLT) on March 14, 1995. It works on a Tandem S74016 platform running on 16 CPUs. The Tandem Himalaya S74016 machines act as the backend to more than 8000 Trader Workstations networked on Ethernet, VSAT and Managed Leased Data Network (MLDN). The systems claim to handle up to two million trades a day.

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BOLT has a two-tier architecture. The trader workstations are connected directly to the backend server which acts as a communication server and a Central Trading Engine (CTE). Other services like information dissemination, index computation, and position monitoring are also provided by the system. A transaction monitoring facility in the Tandem architecture helps keep data integrity through non-stop SQL. With the help of MTNL, BSE has setup a MLDN Network comprising 300 2 Mbps lines and 1500 64 Kbps lines which connect all regional stock exchanges and offices in Mumbai. Access to market related information through the trader workstations is essential for the market participants to act on real-time basis and take instantaneous decisions. BOLT has been interfaced with various information vendors like Bloomberg, Bridge, and Reuters. Market information is fed to news agencies in real time. The exchange plans to enhance the capabilities further to have an integrated two-way information flow.

TOP PLAYERS IN ONLINE TRADING

Type of Account

ICICIDirect offers 3 different online trading platforms to its customers:

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1. Share Trading Account Share Trading Account by ICICIDirect is primarily for buying and selling of stocks in BSE and NSE. This account allows Cash Trading, Margin Trading, MarginPLUS Trading, Spot Trading, Buy Today Sell Tomorrow and Call and Trade on phone. ICICIDirect.com website is the primary trading platform for this trading account. They also provide installable application terminal based application for high volume trader. 2. Wise Investment Account Along with stock trading and IPO investing in BSE and NSE, Wise Investment account also provide options to invest in Mutual Funds and Bonds online. Online Mutual funds investment allows investor to invest on-line in around 19 Mutual Fund companies. ICICI Direct offers various options while investing in Mutual Funds like Purchase Mutual Fund, Redemption and switch between different schemes, Systematic Investment plans, Systematic withdrawal plan and transferring existing Mutual Funds in to electronic mode. This account also provides facility to invest in Government of India Bonds and ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds. ICICIDirect.com website is the primary tool to invest in Mutual Funds, IPOs, Bonds and stock trading. 3. Active Trader Account

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Active Trader account gives more personalized investment options to the investors. It allows investor to use online and offline stock trading. It also provides with independent market expertise and support through a dedicated Relationship Manager from ICICI. Active Trader also provides commodity trading.

Sharekhan is online stock trading company of SSKI Group, provider of Indiabased investment banking and corporate finance service. ShareKhan is one of the largest stock broking houses in the country. S.S. Kantilal Ishwarlal Securities Limited (SSKI) has been among Indias leading broking houses for more than a century. Sharekhan's equity related services include trade execution on BSE, NSE, Derivatives, commodities, depository services, online trading and investment advice. Trading is available in BSE and NSE. Along with Sharekhan.com website, ShareKhan has around 510 offices (share shops) in 170 cities around the country. Share khan has one of the best state of art web portal providing fundamental and statistical information across equity, mutual funds and IPOs. You can surf across 5,500 companies for in-depth information, details about more than 1,500 mutual fund schemes and IPO data. You can also access other market related details such as board meetings, result announcements, FII transactions, buying/selling by mutual funds and much more.

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5paisa is Online Stock Trading Company of India Infoline Securities Private Ltd., Owner of popular business portal Indiainfoline.com. Besides high quality investment advice from an experienced research team, the site offers real time stock quotes, market news and multiple tools for technical analysis. Trading Terminals: 5Paisa offers 2 different online trading terminals to its customers: Investor Terminal (IT) Investor Terminal is 5Paisa's equity trading terminal for low volume trader. This is web based terminal and could access from anywhere. This product provides limited features in comparison of Trader Terminal, which is another product provided by 5Paisa. Trader Terminal (TT) Trader Terminal is design for high volume equity traders or day traders. Trader Terminal provides high volume trading with powerful interface and fast order execution.

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Incorporated in 1987, Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd is a well diversified financial services firm offering a range of financial products and services such as Wealth Management, Broking & Distribution, Commodity Broking, Portfolio Management Services, Institutional Equities, Private Equity, Investment Banking Services and Principal Strategies. Company have a diversified client base that includes retail customers (including High Net worth Individuals), mutual funds, foreign institutional investors, financial institutions and corporate clients. They are headquartered in Mumbai and as of September 30th, 2009, had a network spread over 576 cities and towns comprising 1,257 Business Locations operated by them. As at September 30th, 2009, company had 5,80,667 registered customers.

Incorporated in 1987, Geojit BNP Paribas (Geojit) is one of the major stock brokers based in India. Geojit is based in Kochi, Kerala and has the strong presence in Gulf.

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Geojit BNP Paribas is cash equity and derivatives broker with extensive experience in Portfolio Management Services and the distribution of financial products: mutual funds and life insurance. Geojit provides stock trading at NSE and BSE stock exchanges through a strong network of around 500 branches and its state of art online trading portal. Geojit BNP Paribas is a stock market listed company and its stock are traded at NSE (GEOJIT) and BSE (532285). Over the years the name of the company got changed from Geojit Securities Ltd. to Geojit Financial Services Ltd. (GFSL) and finally to Geojit BNP Paribas Financial Services LTD in April 2009.

DEPOSITORY SYSTEM

CENTAL DEPOSITORY SERVICES (INDIA) LIMITED A Depository facilitates holding of securities in the electronic form and enables securities transactions to be processed by book entry by a Depository Participant (DP), who as an agent of the depository, offers depository services to investors.
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According to SEBI guidelines, financial institutions, banks, custodians, stockbrokers, etc. are eligible to act as DPs. The investor who is known as beneficial owner (BO) has to open a demat account through any DP for dematerialization of his holdings and transferring securities. The balances in the investors account recorded and maintained with CDSL can be obtained through the DP. The DP is required to provide the investor, at regular intervals, a statement of account which gives the details of the securities holdings and transactions. The depository system has effectively eliminated paper-based certificates which were prone to be fake, forged, counterfeit resulting in bad deliveries. CDSL offers an efficient and instantaneous transfer of securities. CDSL was promoted by Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE) jointly with leading banks such as State Bank of India, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, HDFC Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, Union Bank of India and Centurion Bank. CDSL was set up with the objective of providing convenient, dependable and secure depository services at affordable cost to all market participants. Some of the important milestones of CDSL system are: CDSL received the certificate of commencement of business from SEBI in February, 1999. Honourable Union Finance Minister, Shri Yashwant Sinha flagged off the operations of CDSL on July 15, 1999. Settlement of trades in the demat mode through BOI Shareholding Limited, the clearing house of BSE, started in July 1999

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All leading stock exchanges like the National Stock Exchange, Calcutta Stock Exchange, Delhi Stock Exchange, The Stock Exchange, Ahmedabad, etc have established connectivity with CDSL As at the end of Dec 2007, over 5000 issuers have admitted their securities (equities, bonds, debentures, commercial papers), units of mutual funds, certificate of deposits etc. into the CDSL system

NATIONAL SECURITIES DEPOSITRY LIMITED (NSDL)

NSDL is an organization promoted by the Industrial Development Bank of India, the Unit Trust of India and the National Stock Exchange of India ltd., to provide electronic depository facilities for securities traded in the equity and debt market. The depositories ordinances promulgated by the Government of India in September 1995 enabled the setting up of multiple depository system. SEBI issued guidelines for depositories in May 1996. The bill was passed by the Parliament in July 1996. NSDL was registered by SEBI on June 7, 1996.

THE FUNCTIONING
NSDL performs the following functions through its various participants a. Enables surrender and withdrawal of securities to and from the depository.

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b. Maintains investors holdings in electronic form c. Effects settlement of securities traded on exchanges. d. Carries out settlements of trader that have not been done on the stock exchanges. NSDL (DP) Depository Participant can be a public financial institution, bank, custodian, registered stock broker or an NBFC subject to the approval of the depository company and the SEBI. Brokers and NBFCs are required to have a minimum net worth of Rs. 50 lakhs. DP has to pay a security deposit of Rs. 10 lakhs and an admission fee of Rs. 25000 to NSDL. The depository participants are likely to pass these charges to the investors. NSDL operates on two tier structures wherein it maintains accounts of its DP and the DP maintain the accounts of their clients. With the help of continuous electronic connectivity, reconciliation of all accounts is done on daily basis to balance the number of stocks issued and dematerialized. Initially, NSDL makes use of VSAT network of the NSE for communication as it is easier for the DPs who have leased lines with NSE to join. After ascertaining its requirement on the volume of trade, NSDL would set up its own network. At present, NSE only has the clearing corporation, the National Securities Clearing Corporation and it can participate in the functioning of NSDL. The SEBI has now made it mandatory for all stock exchanges to have a clearing corporation. The stock exchanges are setting up their own clearing corporation. OBJECTIVE OF DEPOSITORY: A depository helps the Capital Market to achieve the following objectives:
1. Reduce the time for transfer of securities 27

2. Avoid the risk of settlement of securities. 3. Enhance liquidity and efficiency 4. Reduce transaction cost for the investor 5. Create a system for central handling for all the securities

6. Promote the country competitiveness by complying with the global standards 7. Provide service infrastructure in capital market

ACTIVITIES OF DEPOSITORY: The main activities of Depositories as follows: 1. Accepting deposit of securities for custody
2. Making computerized book entry pledges of securities in its custody

3. Providing for withdrawal of securities 4. Undertaking corporate actions like distribution of dividend and interest 5. Redemption of security on maturity

BENEFITS OF DEPOSITORIES SERVICES: 1. A safe and convenient way to hold securities 2. Immediate transfer of securities 3. No stamp duty on transfer of securities

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4. Elimination of risks associated with physical securities like bad delivery,

theft, delays etc. 5. Reduction/elimination of paperwork involved in transfer of securities 6. Reduction in transaction cost. 7. No odd lot problem; each share comprises a lot 8. Nomination facility
9. Change in address recorded with DP gets registered with all the Companies

in which the investor holds the securities electronically eliminating the need to correspond with each one of them separately.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:

Financial market and services - E Gordan, K Natrajan

Financial Management Khan and Jain

WEBSITES:

www.cdslindia.com www.nsdl.co.in www.nseindia.com www.bseindia.com www.5paisa.com www.sharekhan.com www.geojitbnpparibas.com

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