INR 6305: American Foreign Policy, Graduate Seminar Spring 2008 Ido Oren 320 Anderson Hall Phone:273-2393

E-mail: oren@polisci.ufl.edu Web page: http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/oren/ Office Hours: M, W, F 3:005:00 pm, or by appt. Course Description and Requirements The objective of the course is to introduce graduate students to various approaches to the analysis of foreign policy. Although the substantive focus of the readings is on U.S. foreign policy, most of the theoretical perspectives we will discuss are in principle applicable to other states. The course requirements include class participation, two reaction papers, and a final, take-home exam. Participation: You will be expected to have done all the weeks reading before each class, and to come to class prepared to discuss the readings in depth. Your active participation in class is very important; it will account for 20% of the final grade. Short Papers: You will be required to submit two papers in which you will review and critique a weeks assigned literature (or a significant aspect thereof). The essay should identify major common theme(s) and/or disputations in the assigned literature and evaluate the literatures strengths and/or limitations. It should have a coherent structure and should not read like a laundry list or a stream of consciousness. You may choose any two weeks during the term to submit your papers on (no later than the beginning of the class). The length of each paper should not exceed five double-spaced pages. Each one of the two papers will account for 20% of the final grade. Take-home Exam: The exam will consist of one essay question of the kind that may appear on the comprehensive PhD exam or the MA exam in International Relations. The exam will be handed out in class on Friday, April 18, and it will be due back on Monday, April 21, at 9:00 AM. This assignment will account for 40% of the final grade. Required Readings: Many of the assigned readings are journal articles that you will be able to easily download from JSTOR or other online data bases. Other readings consist of book chapters or sections; they will be placed in a box located in the graduate student lounge on the third floorplease check out, photocopy, and promptly return these readings to the box. Additionally, you should purchase the following four books, which we will read in their entirety, or read large sections ofthey are (or will be) available at Orange & Blue Textbooks, 309 NW 13th Street (across from Krispie Kreme): Christopher Layne, Peace of Illusions: Americas Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006). Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991). Patrick Thaddeus Jackson, Civilizing the Enemy: German Reconstruction and the Invention of the West (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006). Yuen Foong Khong, Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam Decisions of 1965 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).

At the beginning of each class session, I will briefly explain where you can find the readings assigned for the following week.

COURSE SCHEDULE January 11 Introduction No reading Major Interpretive TraditionsRealist, Liberal-Wilsonian, Open Door George F. Kennan, American Diplomacy, Expanded Edition (University of Chicago Press, 1979), 137 and 91103. Hans Morgenthau, In Defense of the National Interest: A Critical Examination of American Foreign Policy (New York: A. Knopf, 1952), 339. Melvin Leffler, The American Conception of National Security and the Beginning of the Cold War, 194548, American Historical Review 89, No. 2 (April 1984): 34681. Tony Smith, Americas Mission: The United States and the Worldwide Struggle for Democracy in the Twentieth Century (Princeton University Press, 1994), 335. Andrew Bacevich, American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy (Harvard University Press, 2002), 131. [A good synopsis of the views of historians Charles Beard and William Appleman Williams] Recent Realist Perspectives Fareed Zakaria, From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of Americas World Role (Princeton University Press, 1998), 343. Christopher Layne, Peace of Illusions, entire book. Realist/Statist Interpretations of Foreign Economic Policy Stephen Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978), part I. [85 pp.] David A. Lake, International Economic Structures and American Foreign Economic Policy, 18871934, World Politics 35/4 (July 1983): 51743. G. John Ikenberry et. al., Introduction: Approaches to Explaining American Foreign Economic Policy, International Organization, 42/1 (Winter 1988): 114. David A. Lake, The State and American Trade Strategy in the Pre-Hegemonic Era, International Organization, 42/1 (Winter 1988): 3358. Michael Mastanduno, Trade as a Strategic Weapon: American and Alliance Export Control Policy in the Early Postwar Period, International Organization, 42/1 (Winter 1988): 12150. Americas State Structure in a Comparative Perspective Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire, chaps. 12, 7. [115 pp.] Matthew Evangelista, Innovation and the Arms Race: How the United States and the Soviet Union Develop New Military Technologies (Cornell University Press, 1988), 182.

January 18

January 25

February 1

February 8

February 15

Domestic Politics Jeff Frieden, Sectoral Conflict and U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, 1914-1940, International Organization, 42/1 (Winter 1988): 5990. Peter Trubowitz, Sectionalism and American Foreign Policy: The Political Geography of Consensus and Conflict, International Studies Quarterly 36 (June 1992): 17390. Helen Milner, Resisting the Protectionist Temptation: Industry and the Making of Trade Policy in France and the United States During the 1970s, International Organization 41/4 (Autumn 1987): 63965. Peter A. Gourevitch, Breaking with Orthodoxy: The Politics of Economic Policy Responses to the Depression of the 1930s, International Organization 38/1 (Winter 1984): 95129. James Lindsay, Congress and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Policy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994): 175. Public Opinion and the Media Ole Holsti, Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippman Consensus, International Studies Quarterly 36 (December 1992): 43966. Robert Y. Shapiro and Benjamin Page, Foreign Policy and Public Opinion, in David Deese, ed., The New Politics of American Foreign Policy (New York: St. Martins Press, 1994), 21635. Lance Bennett, The Media and the Foreign Policy Process, in Deese, ed., The New Politics of American Foreign Policy, 16888. Richard Sobel, The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 347. Robert M. Entman, Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Policy (University of Chicago Press, 2004), 128 and 7694. Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), 135 and 16986. Capitalism and Class Thomas J. McCormick, Americas Half Century: United States Foreign Policy in the Cold War and After, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 1 71. Bruce Cumings, The American Century and the Third World, Diplomatic History 23/2 (Spring 1999): 35570. David N. Gibbs, The Political Economy of U.S. Intervention: Mines, Money, and U.S. Policy in the Congo Crisis (University of Chicago Press, 1991), 136 and 10344. Mark Rupert, Producing Hegemony: State/Society Relations and the Politics of Productivity in the United States, International Studies Quarterly 34/4 (December 1990): 42756. Fred Block Economic Instability and Military Strength: The Paradoxes of the 1950 Rearmament Decisions, Politics and Society 10/1 (1980): 3558.. Larry Jacobs and Benjamin Page, Who Influences U.S. Foreign Policy? American Political Science Review 99/1 (February 2005): 10723.

February 22

February 29

March 7

Social/Discursive Construction I Vendulka Kublkov, ed., Foreign Policy in a Constructed World (M.E. Sharpe, 2001). Read Introduction by V. Kublkov (pp. 3-11) and Foreign Policy Is What States Make of It: Social Construction and International Relations Theory by Steve Smith (3855). David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992), 187. Roxanne Doty, Foreign Policy as Social Construction: A Post-Positivist Analysis of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy in the Philippines, International Studies Quarterly 37/3 (1993): 297320. Jutta Weldes, The Cultural Production of Crises: U.S. Identity and Missiles in Cuba, in Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities, and the Production of Danger, ed. by Jutta Weldes et. al. (University of Minnesota Press, 1999), 3562. Wesley W. Widmaier, Mark Blyth, and Leonard Seabrooke, Exogenous Shocks or Endogenous Constructions? The Meanings of War and Crises, International Studies Quarterly 51/4 (December 2007): 74759. Wesley W. Widmaier, Constructing Foreign Policy Crises: Interpretive Leadership in the Cold War and War on Terrorism, International Studies Quarterly 51/4 (December 2007): 77994. Enjoy Spring Break! Social/Discursive Construction II Patrick T. Jackson, Civilizing the Enemy, entire book. No Class Bureaucratic Politics; Psychology Graham Allison, Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis, American Political Science Review 63/3 (September 1969): 689718. Robert Jervis, Hypotheses on Misperception, World Politics 20/3 (April 1968): 45479. Deborah Welch Larson, Origins of Containment: A Psychological Explanation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985), pp. 3-65. Jack Levy, Political Psychology and Foreign Policy, in the Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, ed. by David Sears, Leonie Huddy, and Robert Jervis (Oxford University Press, 2003), 25384. Valerie M. Hudson, Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations, Foreign Policy Analysis 1/1 (March 2005): 130. Rose McDermott, Risk-Taking in International Politics: Prospect Theory in American Foreign Policy (University of Michigan Press, 1998), 175. Bureaucratic Politics; Psychology: the case of the Vietnam War Khong, Analogies at War, chaps. 13, 56, 9 [155 pp.] Irving Janis, Groupthink, 2nd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982), chaps. 1, 5 [44 pp.] James C. Thomson, Jr., How Could Vietnam Happen? The Atlantic Monthly, April 1968

March 14 March 21

March 28 April 4

April 11

April 18

Debating Current U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East Take-home exam handed out Andrew J. Bacevich, The Real World War IV, The Wilson Quarterly, Winter 2005. Robert Vitalis, Americas Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), 129 and 26575. Michael Ignatieff, The Burden, NY Times Sunday Magazine, January 5, 2003. John Mearsheimer, Hans Morgenthau and the Iraq War: Realism vs. NeoConservatism, opendemocracy.com, posted May 19, 2005 (may be downloaded from Mearsheimers web page at http://johnmearsheimer.uchicago.edu). John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, The Israel Lobby, London Review of Books, vol. 28, no. 6 (2006). Thomas McCormick, American Hegemony and European Autonomy, 19892003: One Framework for Understanding the War in Iraq, in The New American Empire: A 21st Century Teach-In on U.S. Foreign Policy, ed. by Lloyd Gardner and Marilyn Young (New York: The New Press, 2005), 75112. Jack Snyder, Imperial Temptations, The National Interest, Vol. 71, Spring 2003.

Monday, April 21: Exam Due at 9:00 AM