Research Report for

John Lewis Company Guy s & St.Thomas NHS

By

Sujan Suntharalingam

This report is produced to fulfil assessment criteria of Edexcel Level 4 in

Organisations and Behaviour

2011

Contents

y Introduction y Organisational Structure: y Organisational Culture: y John Lewis Partnership Company overview: The Structure of John Lewis:The Culture of John Lewis:y Guys St.Thomas Hospital Company overview: The Structure of St.Thomas: The Culture of St.Thomas: y A brief comparison of Structure and Culture in each of the two companies y Impact of structure and culture on Performance

y Factors which influence individual behavior at work

y Conclusion

y Reference

Introduction In this assignment, we have to analyze the two profit and non profit companies. So John Lewis as profit making company and the guys and Thomas nhs is taken as non- profit making company for analysing. This is an analysis of structure and culture comparison of the both companies above and the advantages and disadvantages about the culture and structure of the both companies as well.

Organisational Structure: This is an arrangement in an organisation. The framework, in an organisation are arranging their inner-relationships like communications, allocates rules, regulations and tasks. Organisational structure is deciding the way of roles, authorities and tasks are controlled and maintained by the management levels of the information. We can draw the charts for maintain the structure of an organisation. The charts are demonstrating the organisational structures. This structure is depending on the objectives of the organisations. Also it depends on the organisations goals. We can divide the structure as many types like centralised and decentralised structures, tall and flat structures, matrix structures, functional, geographical structures and etc. decision making power is the main thing to manage the organisation in centralised structure. But in the decentralised structure, decision making is spread to all divisions and make the works easily. Types of structure
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Divisional structure Network structure Functional structure Matrix structure Team structure

Organisational Culture: Culture is the way we do things around here. There are problem solving, reaching the customers, treat the employees, resolving the conflicts and achieving the goals. Those are the patterns of the culture of individual behaviours. Culture is divided as the value of informal, norms of the organisations and the individual viewpoints. Culture is divided by Charles Handy as four types. There are y Power culture y Role culture y Task culture y Person culture

The power is spreading all the departments from the centre of the organisation in power culture. Power is controlled by procedures, roles, descriptions and authority definitions in role culture. Speed of customer response is important in the task culture. Individuals want to believe themselves in the person culture. These are the main types of organisational structure. Company over view John Lewis began in 1864 with the opening of the first shop in London's Oxford Street. 'Never Knowingly Undersold', their exclusive give your word to their customers that the price of any item they sell will always be as low as the lowest price in the neighbourhood, has been our slogan for over 75 years (John Lewis website). This is a private company. The Partnership's ultimate purpose is the happiness of all its members, through their valuable and satisfying employment in a successful business. Because the Partnership is owned in trust for its members, they share the responsibilities of ownership as well as its rewards profit, knowledge and power. Culture of John Lewis Partnership

John Lewis has now 32 stores in England, Scotland and Wales as a massive procession network. In John Lewis there are nearly 76500 staffs working permanently in the United Kingdom. We can find out the role culture as well in their partnership. They are sharing their plans and getting together to make a change to increase their further conditions. this John Lewis has a great value of people. So people are the important stuff to do their business. Their wishes and encourages are the good platform to achieve a better results in the organisations. Also they have a kind of relationship between the staffs of John Lewis. They are keeping a mutual understanding and a communal friendship with themselves. That is also being the best way of the basement for their business profession. Structure of John Lewis Partnership John Lewis is the private company with a partnership, not for the public entrance. But they are following supremacy scheme. Also John Lewis is working as a cooperative in their society. They are operating and controlling the company by an individual group for the communal profit. So it is a democratic organisation. In short, this company is a centralised company. The structure of the company was founded by the owner of John Lewis. This is very helpful to the manager to freedom from the stresses. Also it is supporting to achieve their long term goals as well. Partnership manner is the confident and satisfied business with the partners who are owned the company. John Lewiss democratic structure is depending on three governing authorities. Partnership owner is contributed to chair man, partnership council and the partnership board. In partnership, partners have to split their responsibilities for the business. Profit is depending on their fulfilment. Partnership relationship is based on their communal respect and politeness. Their profits are shared between the three authorities. Also John Lewis has a greater business partnership with Waitrose Company. This company can increase their brand

name with the John Lewis. Make more profits and keep up strongly their brand name in the business markets are the aims or the ambition of the Waitrose company. Waitrose is also a profit making company. This is a good team work to achieve goals and people energy also support them. So this is the good opportunity to Waitrose to join with the John Lewis and a fantastic delivering team and award winning customer services. (http://www.jlpjobs.com/jobs/waitrose-jobs.htm) The Organisation Model George Elton mayo said that the relationship between the workers and the supervisors in motivation possessions. As mayos suggestion, John Lewis partnership and the relationship are better. Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Company Over view Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation trust are the best teaching hospitals in London for long years. These both companies got together in 1993. They are having the most specialist doctors them self for all of the diseases like from cancer to childrens cares as well. They also having huge amount of employers within this country. Structure of Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Guys St Thomas hospital is decentralised structure. Also it is working as bureaucratic structure. It has confident level of consistency. This bureaucratic structure is easy to conduct their services. Because they are the larger range of the organisation. Within the company they are divided by task for every staff for doing individual jobs like marketing directory for marketing and advertising. Therefore guys and Thomas Company also based on functionally. So that is functional structure. This structural method makes easy to guide the company. In this case, task specialisation and the cooperation are shared by the individual groups. So that is not centralised. So the pressure of the head officers will be reduced. Culture of Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Guys St Thomas hospital is following the role culture. According to Handy (1976) the power of the company divides to persons position and they are controlled by procedures and authority definitions. Every person is assigned by a exacting role. The workers can easily manage their jobs and they should raise the output to the company. Brief Comparison of Structures Power culture Power culture is controlling by a single man or a few people. The suggestions are going from the centre of the company to the staffs. This type of culture looks like a spider net. It is reflecting the power of a family business. The decision making depends on few hands. So this group has a bureaucracy.

Role culture In role culture, people have been allocated as the authorities within the decided culture. So the power is coming from the people. The roll culture symbolise as the Greek temple. Decision making place as a top of the temple and the functional unites are situated as the pillars of the temple. Task culture Groups are assigned for solve the problem particularly. This is a matrix system. A group or team move towards the own market experiences with their skills and their specific individual features. This is a model for enterprise, which is growing fast in the external environment of the market places. In this culture the responsible for customers speed is very important. Also here are very short product life cycles. But budgeting, controlling work, achieving the plan of the competitive companies and organization of capital are very difficult to manage to the managers. Person culture In the person culture, all the staff who works in the organisation has to believe themselves. That is the important thing in person culture. Basically this is an organisational structure in a company which is always variable and it has not a assembled power or bureaucracy. Brief Comparison of Cultures Functional Structure This is the structure for employees, who are divided as groups and do their individual works for the company. For example: Marketing Department (Marketing function) Divisional Structure in Divisional Structure there are three categories as Product , Market and geographic.
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Product Structure: workers join themselves for a definite product Market Structure: workers join together for a defined market which related to the companys selling Geographic Structure: diverse continental for a same business.

Matrix Structure Functionally and product ways are divided by the matrix structure. It is complex of different organisational structure.

Impact of culture and structure Organization structure explains that standard basic actions for business and decision making with the employees. Culture is helping the organization to grow wealthy. In tall culture, that is very difficult to contact the lower level workers and top level officers. Also unior officers will be discouraged by the longer promotion levels. Managing of leadership also very

difficult. But in the flat culture, that is very easy to pass through messages and orders. Small number of employees enough to manage the organizations. Promotions will encourage the workers and they will work hard for the organization to get higher posts. Factors which influence individual behaviour at work People are dividing educationally, sexually, economic background, racially, age as young old, students, and pensioners. Everyone will think they are the better person in the society. Some kinds of people have any special skills which are related to the organization. If they have, they will get good opportunities. Their attitudes and cultural behaviors also influence individual behavior. Some people have good argument talents. They also will influence in to the business. Self management, signal interference, planning talents also will be influenced by the people who have those skills. Conclusion In conclusive, structure and culture are needed to hold an organization even that is profitable or not. The structure helps to run the company without difficulties. It gives the right way to reach their long term goal in a proper way. Culture is decorating the life and choose the talents which who has and make attraction for the organizations. If workers follow the cultures and structures, they can make income to company.

References
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Charles B. Handy (1976). Understanding organizations. London: Oxford University Press. pp185. William M., Robert J. , Jack R. (2010). Foundations of Business. http://www.John Lewispartnership.co.uk/ http://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/ http://www.jlpjobs.com/jobs/waitrose-jobs.htm

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