Post Graduate Experience in Design and Installation of Active and Passive Fire Supression System

POST GRADUATE EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF FIRE DETECTION AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
POST GRADUATE EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE SUPRESSION SYSTEM
BY MUSTAPHA MBURA
B.Eng. (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI BORNO
A REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF CORPORATE MEMBERSHIP OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS.
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CERTIFICATION I certify that this report is a true representation of the postgraduate experience of Mr. Mbura Mustapha.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE 1 CONTENTS PAGE ..2 CERTIFICATION 3 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ...4 CHAPTER TWO SUMMARY OF ACADEMIC RECORDS AND EXPERRIENCE 6 CHAPTER THREE DESIGN AND ISTALLATION FIRE SUPPRESSIOM SYSTEM CHAPTER FOUR LIFE AND FIRE SAFETY PLAN FOR OOPL .24 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION 42 LIST OF DRAWINGS .43 LIST OF ABBREVAITIONS . ....8
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION My postgraduate experience in the field of Engineering was dated shortly after the completion of National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). I was privileged to start my career at Qualitec Rolling Mill, located in Sango Ota Ogun State, where I was designated as a maintenance Engineer in charge of Four High rolling mill machine, Bailer machines and Blast furnace. Based on my experience in fire safety and my post graduate studies in Shipping Technology from the Maritime Academy of Nigeria Oron, I got an offer with SAFETY CONSULTANTS AND SOLUTIONS PROVIDER Gbagada, Lagos as a Design/Project engineer. My responsibilities include Engineering and Modular Design of Automatic Fire Suppressing System such as FM-200, CO2, Pyrogen, Novec and Inergen. Design and Supervising the installation and Mechanical Piping for Water Base Fire Suppression System: Fire hydrant system, hose reel system and sprinkler system, Site Survey and Site inspection report, building drawing indicating detection and alarm point with the use of AutoCAD, design of life safety system fire Zoning and Compartmentation.
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As a design and project engineer I was directly involved in the designing and execution of the following project, (1) Design and Installation of fire and life safety plan for evergreen apple hanger (2) Design and installation of FM-200 fire suppression system for the Control Room, Communication Room for Nigeria Gas Company Afam, Rivers State. (3) Design and installation of FM-200 fire suppression system for security document room at ACESS bank Oladele Olashore Annex. (3) Design of life safety plan for Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library, I was involved in Project Documentation which entails preparation of As-Built drawings, Operation and Maintenance (O&M) manual for all mechanical installations Presently I work for BOANERGES AND TEM LIMITED Lagos, as an Assistant Manager in charge of Security and Safety Installations under Security and Safety Management Department. My responsibility involves Site inspections, design, developing Bill of Quantities, support service for procurement department in awarding contract and supervision of contractors. Also engage contractors for after-sales service.
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CHAPTER TWO
SUMMARY OF ACADEMIC RECORDS, CERTIFICATIONS AND EXPERINCE
ACADEMIC RECORDS.
INSTITUTION Federal Government College Wukari, Taraba State University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri Borno State Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron Akwa Ibom State National Open University of Nigeria University of Liverpool
DURATION QUALIFICATION/YEAR 1990-1996 1998-2004 2007-2008 2008-2010 2009-2011 SSCE B.Eng.(Mechanical) PGD Shipping Technology M.Sc Information Technology M.Sc Project Management
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CERTIFICATIONS.
INSTITUTION National Examination Board In Occupational Safety and Health (NEBOSH) American Society of Industrial Security (ASIS) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) American Society of Safety Engineers
DURATION QUALIFICATION/YEAR 2011 2011 2011 2010 International General Certificate Professional Membership Professional Membership Professional Membership
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CHAPTER THREE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
3. INTRODUCTION Fire suppression system is an engineer system that sharply reduces the heat ratio of fire and preventing its re-growth by means of direct and sufficient spraying of water through the fire plume to the burning fuel surface. Fire suppression system is an active system that comprises of the following system: Automatic sprinkler system, Stand pipe system, clean agent fire suppression system, Portable fire extinguisher. In safety Consultants and Solutions Provider, i was opportune to be directly involved in the design and installation of the following fire detection and fire suppression system project.
Design and installation of fire detection, alarm and suppression systems as per NFPA 409 for LLOYDs accreditation for evergreen apple hanger, the largest hangar for servicing BOEING aircrafts in West Africa. Systems system include foam, sprinkler, FM-200, hydrant and hose reel.
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Design, Supply and installation of FM-200 automatic fire suppression system, & fire detection & alarm system for security document room at Access bank Oladele Olashore Annex Lagos
3.2
DESIGN OF A DETECTION, ALARM AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS AS PER NFPA 409 FOR LLOYDS ACCREDITATION FOR EVERGREEN APPLE AIRCRAFT
3.2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Hangar is purpose built facility located in the service zone on the airside at the MMA International Airport. The premise is a middle plot bounded by accessible motor Road to the front, airside to the back, Aero Contractors Hangars to the left side and empty plot of land the right. It is protected by high walls to the front and right side. The facility is a 4-storey structure, with three office wings to the front, left and right. The main aircraft hangar measures 2170.8m2 and is centrally to the back of the front offices and between the left and right wings. Two helicopter service areas measuring a total height of 11m, occupy the first two floors of the right office wing. Located at the top is a pent-house used for a bar/restaurant. It is estimated that the office space can accommodate an occupancy loading of 100-200 upon completion.
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Aircraft hangars present peculiar hazard with respect to evacuation in the case of a fire scenario. This is so because of the weight and limited mobility of the vessels thus reducing rapid evacuation. The design of this hangar building and fire safety components recognizes the need to minimize the possibility for a full-scale evacuation requiring removal of aircrafts. The construction type also takes into cognisance risk of collapse in case a fire. The compartment integrity included prevents the ingress of smoke and spread of fire to other areas. Horizontal evacuation of aircrafts combined with defend-in-place philosophy similar to that of hospitals has been greatly preferred in the designs. . 3.2.2 FIRE SYSTEM DESIGN AND INSTALATION Design and installation of fire system services at the evergreen hanger covers design, installation of both Mechanical and Electrical system, this project posed a great challenge on my career owing to the complexities of the design of this system. As design Engineer, I was saddle with the responsibility of providing a consultancy service that will meet the globally acceptable fire safety standard such as NFPA to meet Lloyd certification. The basic fundamental approach to fire and life safety design include the following. Construction type classification Occupancy classification. Active fire system Passive fire system
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(a) CONSTRUCTION TYPE CLASSIFICATTION First the layout, construction type, and architectural design concept was vetted for compliance and adequate consideration of the defend-in-place theory. This follows the total concept that hangars shall be designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to minimize the possibility of a fire emergency requiring the evacuation. SCSP findings proved that this criterion was met in the certified design drawings based on TYPE 1 442 Fire Resistive construction. This ensures structural integrity and appropriate resistance in case of a fire. (b) OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION The hanger was classified as Extra hazard occupancy (group two) based on the fact that combustibility of its content is very high, dust, combustible and flammable liquid present. There is rapid developing of fire with high rate of heat release, the classification serves as the bases for the whole design and was based on NFPA 101 Life and fire safety Code (c) ACTIVE FIRE SYSTEM This are the fire suppression system and are key to the success of the overall protection scheme, it is a build safety plan that are incorporated in the building, that prevent the spreading of fire within the building and also perfect the emergency escape procedure. The active fire system was design for the hanger based on these criteria Compartmentation Means of egress
Building management system COMPARTMENTATION Buildings are designed to prevent fire, heat, and smoke from spreading beyond locations of origination. Building elements such as fire walls, fire dampers, and fire doors, are designed to seal off one location from the next. This system is called compartmentalization. Compartmentalization increases the safety of evacuating building occupants because smoke and fire are not able to escape into exit passage ways. It was based on this bases that the a two hours fire rated door and wall was design for each enclosure was designed MEANS OF EGRESS Unobstructed and adequately marked means of egress was design to ensure safe emergency evacuation Exit doors the office door and hanger was design on the bases that they can readily opened from the egress side whenever the building is occupied. Locks, if provided, shall not require the use of a key, tool, or special knowledge or effort for operation from the inside of the building, unless permitted by NFPA 101 Life Safety Code Exit signs and Emergency lighting illumination levels was design in accordance with the Life Safety Code. Safety and escape route lighting is required to assist staff in the safe movement of patients and visitors to alternative locations and to support a full evacuation in the event of an emergency. The levels of illumination should be sufficient to allow the process of progressive horizontal evacuation, especially again on the 2nd floor where bed-ridden patients are housed
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BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM An efficient building management system which is a computer based control system was incorporated in the building system to control and monitor the building mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting ,power system and fire and security system. The provision of a two-way voice communication, PABX and general alarm system is incorporated in the design to facilitate early and orderly evacuation in the event of a fire. All compartments and exit parts are equipped with these devices manned centrally from a FCC. (c) THE ACTIVE FIRE SYSTEM The design was primarily based on passive protection methodologies in the prevention of fire hazards or the mitigation of its consequences, But on the fact that active fire system play a significant role by minimizing the impact of potential fire on occupants and valuable properties, However, additional layers of protection have been employed to provide a more robust and resilient system of safety by complementing these passive strategies with active protection systems. It was based on this criteria that the maintenance hangar for Evergreen Apple Nigeria Ltd was designed based on NFPA 101 to include integrated active system for fire protection and life safety that incorporates alarm and detection systems to provide early detection/ warning of emergency as well as fire suppression system which include manual and automated systems for the extinguishment of fire at incipient stage as depicted in the certified drawings. The alarm and detection systems are designed as per NFPA 72/ BS 5839 whilst the sprinkler and foam systems are designed in compliance with NFPA 13/16 and satisfy the requirement of NFPA 101 and 409.
Sprinkler coverage has been provided for the entire hangar floors of the Service Areas. Hose reel and portable extinguishers of appropriate types and sizes are strategically located around the building to provide rapid knockdown of incipient fires when the need arises. The hangar building has a combination of systems to detect fires, warn occupants, and automatically and manually aid fire control and extinguishment. A special mandate to the fire alarm requirements for hangars demands the installation of automated systems to actuate and suppress the fire during un-manned hours.
3.2.3 FIRE ALARM & DETECTION In accordance with NFPA 72, C-TEC Conventional Systems that automatically provides a general alarm, perform all the control functions the device requires and sound an alarm alerting all present was designed for the offices. The central panel, with 16 zones, is visibly located in the lobby area on the Ground floor and has a back-up battery for continuous availability in case of a power failure. This system is design. For proper systems management and servicing; an operational check list and maintenance plan is being developed to ensure reliability and availability in the future. The detectors are distributed throughout the office space and ceiling voids ensuring that they fall within the maximum spacing range. Quantities of detectors required are dependent on room size. For the main hangar area, detectors are tied to a suppression panel and can both alert and activate the foam monitor system that is divided into 4 zones (two within the main hangar and one in each helicopter service area. Manual call points, sounders and bells electrically connected to the
central panel are located at each emergency exit. The wiring used for the electrical connection is 1.5 mm fire rated cabling channel through PVC pipes mostly run in the ceiling voids. 3.2.4 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS For suppression, the following fire suppression system was designed External Hydrant System Hose Reel System Automated Closed Head Sprinkler System Low-Level, Low-expansion Foam Monitor System Portable extinguishing System 3.2.4.1 SPRINKLER & LOW LEVEL LOW EXPANSION FOAM The designed was based on The NFPA 409 mandates the installation of a closed head wet automatic sprinkler protection system in Group I hangars. For this project, has been adequately designed following NFPA 13. Listed quick response sprinklers are installed throughout the main aircraft hangar and the helicopter service areas. A supplementary foam monitor system have been designed for the main and helicopter service areas though the vessels handled here and UN-FUELED. Because these two systems represent the main protection systems within the Evergreen Hangar, below is the design basis: Hazard Specifications: Occupancy Hazard Protected
: Aircraft Hangar
Hazard Dimensions Single Fire Area of the Hangar Maximum Ceiling Height Design Standards: Applicable Standards Aircraft Hangar Classification : NFPA 409 : Group 1 Hangar (Height greater than 8.5m Refer chapter 4.1.1 of NFPA - 409) Fire Protection of Group II Aircraft Hangars: 1. Fire Protection system to be proposed for Group I Aircraft Hangars: Low Level Foam Oscillating Monitor system in accordance with 6.2.5 of NFPA 409 Water Hand Hose line system : Hand line water hose station shall be provided as per clause 6.2.9.4 of NFPA 409 2. Determination of closed head wet type sprinkler system: Maximum Area of Operation Design Density 409) Water Demand Hazard Area
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: 40 m x 54 m = 2160 Sq.m : 2160 Sq.m (< 3716 Sq.m) : 12 m
Primary Protection
: Closed Head wet pipe ceiling water
sprinkler
system as per clause 6.1.1(2) in accordance with 6.2.4 of NFPA 409 +
: 1394 Sq.m (Clause 6.2.4.5 of NFPA 409) : 6.9 Lpm/ Sq.m (Clause 6.2.4.5 of NFPA : 1394 Sq.m x 6.9 lpm/ sq.m = 9618.6 LPM -------- A : 40 m x 54 m = 3456 Sq.m
3. Determination of Low Level Oscillating Foam Monitor System:
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Design Density lpm (3745 gpm) No of Monitors proposed (5 Nos w/ 750 gpm capacity each) Hence total foam solution requirement: 5 no x750 gpm = 3750 gpm (14195 lpm) Water requirement for oscillating monitor system (less 3% Foam concentrate from above) = 14195 lpm x 0.97 = 13770 LPM ------- B 4. Determination of Foam Hand Line Hose System: NFPA 409 requires simultaneous operation of two 60 gpm (227 lpm) hose streams Foam water solution requirement = 227 Lpm x 2 Hose Station = 454 Lpm Water requirement for Hose Stream system (less 3% concentrate from above) = 454 x 0.97 = 441 LPM -------------- C 5. Determination of Fire Water Demand / Fire Water Pump sets required: Water Demand for ceiling Sprinkler System Water Demand for Oscillating Monitor System Water Demand for Hose Stream System AIRCRAFTS= A + B + C = 17416.05 LPM Add Hydraulic Imbalance 15 % = 17416.05 lpm x1.15 = 20028 LPM (5292 GPM)
: 4.1 lpm / Sq.m (Clause 7.4.2 of NFPA 409)
Foam water solution requirement: 3456 Sq.m x 4.1 lpm/ sq.m = 14170
= 3205.05 LPM = 13770 LPM = 441 LPM
Worst Case Total Demand applicable to HANGARS HOUSING FUEL
Because this hangar houses ONLY UN-FUEL VESSELS, thus minimal risk from large fuel spills thus limited likelihood of fast spread of fire; we recommended a performance based approach in the total flow rate calculations. Design Assumptions are as follows:
1. This Hangar services only UN-FUEL AIRCRAFTS. This greatly minimizes
the likelihood of a fire that spreads fast enough to engulf the hangar and activated both the sprinkler and the foam system at once.
2. The low-level, low expansion foam system is tied to an automatic activation
system by detectors mounted at about 6m above floor finish. Because this the case, any fire resulting from spillage which is not likely considering that these an un-fueled aircrafts, will have picked-up and suppressed by the foam monitor system before being able to melt the bulb and trigger the sprinkler system. Also, the monitors propose deliver 7500 gpm, oscillating 120 degrees at a distance of 75-100 m. Because the largest single area in the hangar id 40m X 54 m, two (2) monitors operating simultaneously can quickly and effectively extinguishing a low spreading fire.
3. Total flooding with the overhead sprinkler and the foam monitors will
increase operational down time within the Hangar area which in our opinion this will significantly increase the effectiveness of the system. THEREFORE: a. WATER TANK CALUCULATIONS
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Sprinkler @ 3205.05 LPM X 45 MINS = 144,228 liters

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Foam monitor @ 750 X 2 X 20 MINS = 15,000 Water Hose Reel @ 227LPM X 2 X 30 MINS =6810 166,037 litres
TOTAL VOLUME: A+B+C =
HYDRAULIC IN-BALANCE OF 15% = 24,906 litres
3.2.4.2.
HOSE REEL SYSTEMS & PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS:
Complementing the sprinkler and foam systems, are first response system like the hose reel and portable extinguishers. For this hangar, 3 hose reel cabinets with 30m hoses are placed within the main hangar. Each helicopter service area has a hose reel cabinet. In accordance with NFPA 10, properly sized CO2 and DCP portable fire extinguishers are equally strategically located especially at exits that are accessible to staff at all times along with the manual call points and sounders. Also an adequate number of portable fire extinguishers are located along the central circulation routes and in high risk areas. The portable extinguishers are placed along the exit parts for quick response. These include CO2 and DCP units. In the service areas, foam extinguishers are also placed by each hose reel cabinet. 3.2.4.3 FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM Also available for firefighting from the exterior is a hydrant 2-outlet Class 3 (1 .5 and 2.5 outlets) hydrant system designed to discharge 250gpm at a minimum residual pressure of 100 psi (6.9 bar) at the top most 2.5 hose connection. The hydrants heads are adequately located to the four corners of the hangar, centered along the perimeter fence and to the back on the perimeter fence adjacent to the
Oxygen room. A hydrant point and a fire hose reel cabinet is equally positioned in the central court yard by the perimeter fence. They are spaced not more than 90 meters and with a minimum of 6 meters from the structure. The supply pipes are 150mm diameters as required and there are not located at dead end. The design is as per NFPA 14. The generator area is equipped with portable extinguisher, CO2/DCP. The diesel tank has wheeled foam extinguishers. Labeling All equipment is visible marked to indicate that it has been inspected, tested, and commissioned in accordance to standards. A maintenance and training program in accordance with fire code requirements and accepted engineering practices is to be implemented. As project engineer for evergreen air craft apple hanger at marital international airport Ikeja, Lagos. I was involved in the following; - Installation and commission of detection and alarm system
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Re-design, piping and installation of automatic fire sprinkler system Installation and commission of foam monitor system Installation and commissioning of fire hydrant system Installation of Fire water pump: diesel, electrical and jockey pumps .
- Installation and commissioning of fire Hose reel system.

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- Installation and commissioning of Diesel storage and pumping system

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3.3 DESIGN, SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF FM-200 AUTOMATIC
FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM, & FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM FOR SECURITY DOCUMENT ROOM AT ACESS BANK OLADELE OLASHORE ANNEX LAGOS Based on the fact the enclosure is a security document room, FM- 200 fire suppression system is designed for this particular enclosure. Fm- 200 fire suppression (Heptafluoropropane CF3-CHF-CF3) system is clean, safe fire fighting agent for use in total flooding automatic extinguishing systems. FM-200 is rated as Zero Ozone Depletion (ODP), it is electrically non conductive, it is clean and leaves no residue 100% efficiency of FM-200 is by: 80% heat absorption & 20% direct chemical means. FM-200 is a clean, gaseous agent containing no particles or oily residues. It leaves no residue or oily deposits on delicate electronic equipment be removed from the protected space by ventilation It is thermally and chemically stable. FM-200 extinguishes by a chemical reaction with the combustion product without removing oxygen like CO2 and other inert agents. Exposure to FM-200 at the design concentration of 7.17%, and up to 9%, is not hazardous to health. Exposure to higher concentration is permissible for limited periods. Banks vaults, Libraries, Bookstores, Electronic room, Data Processing room, and Telephone room, Communication Centers, Transformer and Switch Rooms, Control Room, Test Laboratories, Flammable Liquid Stores are the examples of enclosures where Fm 200 is applicable. FM-200 works on the principle of Total Flooding. The room needs to be sealed adequately to maintain the gas, and prevent re-ignition. Cylinders need to
be in, or fairly close to the protected area. Doors and windows should be closed. Nitrogen used to super pressurize FM-200Portion of N2 mixes with FM-200 Remainder of N2 in vapor space above liquid to provide propulsion Design concentration (hazard material) Hazard volume Hazard altitude Hazard temperatures (min./max.) Cylinder location temperature: to be between 0C - 50C (32F - 120F) Other information as per the hazard survey FM-200 is effective on class A, B and C fires 3.3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION SCSP uses licensed HYGOOD FM-200 Soft ware for the design of FM200 fire suppression system, the soft ware is design in such a way that it has an acceptable system discharge time between 6-10 seconds and the soft ware automatically select the type of cylinder, volume of both the agent and the nitrogen gas. As design engineer in safety consultants and solutions provider I was fully involved in the use of the soft ware for the design of Fm 200 fire suppression system in security document room at access bank nationwide. A case study is the security document room located in Victoria Island, Lagos, it has the following parameter Enclosure Room Length 6.44m Width 4.85m
Height 2.7m Enclosure ceiling void Length 6.44 Width 4.85m Height 0.3m From the calculation, the following result was obtained: system discharge time of 7.0 seconds and 106 liters cylinders was automatically selected by the software. Detail of the pipe network, agent concentration, the quantity of required agent are shown in the consolidated report attached to this report (see appendix 4) As project engineer for this project. I was involved in the following; - Installation and commission of detection and alarm system - Installation and commission fire extinguishing system - Installation and commission automatic fire suppression - Training and handover of the system CHAPTER FOUR DESIGN OF LIFE AND FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR OLUSEGUN OBASANJO PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY 4. INTRODUCTION The library/museum situated on a hilltop within a recreational site in Abeokuta Ogun State. The main entrance is via the basement level to the front. It is a multi-occupancy building with departmental adjacency largely implemented in
the architectural designs. This is a great advantage as it largely facilitates fire safety design and fire safety management within the facility. The occupancy ranges from residential in the Pent House to Assembly in the Auditorium. The minimum occupancy loading should account for multiple activities within the facility and an estimated 3000 visitors per day to move from the admissions desk to auditorium, exhibit galleries, restrooms etc. The hazard levels also cover a wide range. A Mild Hazard classification is applicable to the Residential and Research Office space in the Pent House and Second Floor; A Medium Hazard level for the Library areas and Archives where huge stacks of combustible are stored; and a High Hazard level for document preparatory, reproduction, workshop and painting areas with chemicals, kitchen area in coffee shop and utility areas like generator houses and diesel storage areas. Large multipurpose public facilities present peculiar problems because of different hazard categorization and large occupancy loading in case of a fire scenario requiring evacuation, and valuable of irreplaceable assets to be PROTECTED AND PRESERVED. The design of every compartment in this facility and fire safety components should recognize the need to minimize the possibility for a full-scale evacuation and destruction to IRREPLACABLE COLLECTION ITEMS. Historically, about 70% of fires in libraries and museums are caused by arson. Because this project has greater exposure to such, the PFP must be greatly emphasised on to limit ignition sources while the AFP must be well implemented to ensure timely, adequate and reliable response when needed. The PFP through construction type must takes into cognisance risk of collapse in the event of a fire. The compartment integrity should include preventing the
ingress of smoke and spread of fire to other areas and limits the need for total evacuation. Collectibles and Exhibits can be greatly damaged by by-products of fire and the greater number of deaths from fire is via smoke inhalation. Quick evacuation of visitors with higher dependency (like elderly and handicapped) is therefore required. The fundamental goal of the building fire safety in line with the NFPA 101, 232, 909 are as follows: Life Safety: Provide an environment in which occupants are reasonably protected from death or injury from fire and similar perils via protection of occupants not intimate with the initial fire and improvement of the survivability of occupants intimate with the initial fire development Property Protection Collection Preservation: Provide a reasonable level of Protection
against damage or loss to collections from fire, products of combustion and fire suppression agents and activities. Building Preservation: Provide a reasonable level of protection against
damage or loss to the buildings, their unique characteristics, and their contents from fire, products of combustion and fire suppression agents and activities. Continuity of Operations: Provide a reasonable level of protection against disruption of facility operations
4.2 DESIGN OF LIFE AND FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR OLUSEGUN OBASANJO PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY, Safety consultants and solutions providers was employed as a safety consultants for the design fire and life safety plan for Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential library This project play a key challenge to my career as in engineer because he project cut across deferent engineering discipline like mechanical, civil, electrical, chemical engineering .The following are the basic design approach to the life and safety plan, this approach is similar to that in chapter 3, but this project is basically on consultancy. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. ACTIVE FIRE SYSTEM PASSIVE FIRE SYSTEM OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION This project is classified as light hazard occupancy because the combustibility of its content is very low
PASSIVE FIRE SYSTEM Structural considerations This is a fire resistive building (Construction Type I, 442) that adequately meets the structural requirement against collapse in case of a fire as defined in Clause 3.3.2 of NFPA 232.
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It is adequately distanced from adjacent buildings thus

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minimal fear of a spread of fire from one to the other. However, the exterior walls have large window and door openings which should preferable be constructed with fire rated material. Also, it must be properly secured against forced entry because this is a high risk location, well lit and have CCTV around the periphery to minimize and deter arson. Fire Zoning and Compartmentation Because this is such a large facility, zoning facilitates the orderly and timely evacuation; containment and extinguishing of fire when required. The proposed zoning is largely driven by occupancy, occupancy loading, and hazard level, activities within the area and exit parts provided for in the drawings. The following generic assumptions and design criteria have been incorporated into the design of the fire zones within the facility: The zoning incorporates both a detection zone as well as an alarm zone since it may be necessary to segregate the operation of the alarm system in different part of the building Fire zones did not transverse fire compartments but a fire zone may contain several fire compartments Search distance for each fire zone is less than 60m from all possible entrances The boundaries of alarm zones consists of fire resisting construction Enclosed stairways and lifts shafts are considered as separate detection zones
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Based on the afore-mentioned point, the following fire zones are defined for the OOPL facility:
1. PENT HOUSE ZONE(3RD FLOOR) 2. RESEARCH ZONE (2ND FLOOR)
3. AUDITORIUM ZONE
4. ADMINISTRATIVE / LIBRARY ZONE (1ST FLOOR)
5. EXHIBIT ZONE 6. RECEPTION ZONE For communication and consultations, each zone in building will be tied to a manned Fire Command Center (FCC) housing an addressable Fire Alarm Panel (FAP), where a two way communications and PABX control center are also located. Means of egress The facility is designed to ensure the requirement for effective means of egress is in place in accordance with the requirement of The Life Safety Code (NFPA 101). The use of passive design strategies and the design and installation of fire control systems are intended to ensure that occupants of the library would be able to make an orderly and timely egress should the need for evacuation arise due to an emergency. The designed means of egress is adequate to the expected occupancy load for each level of the building. Each level of the library has been designed to ensure performance at a minimum in compliance with the code with respect to:
The exit access The exit, and The exit discharge There is an alternative means of egress at each level of the library building with no level having less than 2 means of egress. Corridors, stairways, smoke stop lobby and fire fighting lobby are all constructed with the required fire-resistive materials and with walls and doors of the required rating. The Exit Access All corridors used as exit access have wall rating in excess of 1 hour resistance rating and are designed to provide a continuous, adequate clear width at all points along the access path. Exits accesses are made of non-combustible materials, have sufficient headroom and leads to no less than two exits. Exits Exits have been appropriately located with the pre-requisite separation distances and remote from one another. Exits are provided at all levels of the building made of non-combustible materials and enclosed to ensure their use as smoke stop lobby and fire fighting lobby and maintained at positive pressure to prevent smoke ingress. The exits within the building meet the requirement for a minimum of 2 hours fire resistance rating for buildings four or more storey since they are enclosed in concrete separation walls with fire rated door assembly. No utilities lines are located within the exit except for those as approved by the code and no gas pipeline runs through or along the exit.
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The Exit Discharge The exit discharge is in accordance with The Life Safety Code. There is ample space at ground level for exit discharge. 4.3 FIRE SYSTEM DESIGN AND INSTALATION The fire system design and installation is aimed at ensuring the minimization of the risks arising from a fire and by products combustion (heat and smoke). The systems are designed taking into cognizance the need to minimize arson, use of compartmentation to minimize fire and smoke spread and extensive use of clean agents and water-based fire suppression systems to protect people, the library, its collections and the environment. The design recommended a combination of fire safety systems to detect, warn occupants, and automatically and manually aid fire control and extinguishment. These systems will be designed by Systems trained and Certified Engineers using OEM software to ensure the required mandates of availability, reliability, adequacy and functionality are met. They will prevent an incipient fire developing into major fires which could result in devastating consequences. Due to the nature of the materials stored in the building great emphasis is placed on ensuring adequate passive protection whilst not negating the requirement for automatic and supervised fire detection, alarm and extinguishment systems. For this project the OEM used is Tyco and the Chemical Agent Manufacturers are DuPont and 3M respectively. 4.3.1 FIRE CONTROL
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Fire systems designed are necessary to ensure fire control so that any fire occurrence can be detected and extinguished at the incipient stage. The control involves a combination of detection/alarm and extinguishment of any resultant fire. For such a large, high occupancy volume enclosure housing critical assets, we have recommended the use of an analog addressable detection and alarm system centrally manned from the FCC. In all fire compartments located in the six fire zones, different suppression systems design to extinguish the fire are supervised by the detection and alarm system. Also for containment, the detection and alarm systems supervised door opening and closing into compartments, fire and smoke damper activation in case of an event. Three types of signal initiation are incorporated into the system design. These include: Manual fire alarm initiation Automatic detection Extinguishing system operation The zoning and compartmentation of the detection, alarm and suppression systems is as detailed Section 10 of this report. The alarm, detection and suppression zoning is also adopted for selective alarm warning to different parts of the building and for the purpose for expediting a phased evacuation if the need does arise. The suppression system zoning is to minimize cost especially in the event of a discharge and refill is required. The following criterion has driven the recommendation of systems for different compartments in the building:
Occupancy and Occupancy loading Safety to people in the enclosure Damage of exhibit and archived collectibles and documents from exposure to water based systems Structural Compartmentation The design of the detection, alarm and suppression will take into account coverage for the entire volume including ceiling voids and other concealed spaces. The systems are to be designed and installed to provide extinguishment of fire are a combination of clean gaseous agents with the exception of the water system in the Auditorium Compartment. Use water sprinklers have been limited to this area where damages resulting from use of such system would not result in irreplaceable loss. The following strategies have been deployed in the design of the fire systems to provide and effective facility-wide fire protection: Portable fire extinguishers rated for Class A fires are adequately distributed all around the facility irrespective of the existence of other extinguishment agents. Water sprinkler system with associated hose reel are designed and installed in the Auditorium compartment. Control rooms, electrical rooms as well as mechanical rooms are equipped with FM-200 extinction system (total flooding) Exhibition level and archives areas are covered by use of NOVEC extinguishment agents (total flooding). Painting Room with portable of fixed foam-water sprinkler system
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Generator and diesel areas with portable or fixed high expansion foam system 4.3.2 FIRE ALARM & DETECTION Detectors and alarm call points are all of the addressable types giving the advantage of easy identification of the location of any particular sensing device or call point which has been actuated. Unless where a special condition of the compartment dictates otherwise, smoke detectors are installed to provide early detection and warning of a fire situation. Smoke detectors are installed in the respective compartments as well as in air duct system in order to prevent the recirculation of toxic products of combustion. These detectors are located in the supply side of air-handling systems situated downstream of fans and filter units. Smoke detectors as designed are to be used in the control of smoke spread in compartments by initiating the operations of doors, dampers, pressurization of enclosed stairways, homing (recall and shutdown) of lifts systems and other equipments. The main supervisory fire alarm panel (FAP) is located in the Fire Command Centre (FCC) which is located at the basement level of the library. Alarm systems are designed as per NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code, with total coverage for all rooms, enclosures and other concealed spaces. Detection systems tied to special suppression agents also fulfill the requirement of NFPA 72. The alarm system is provided with independent source of adequate primary power supply as well as a secondary (standby) power source in accordance with NFPA 72 and in compliance with the requirement of NFPA 70 section 700. 4.3.3 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
For fire suppression, the following systems are available to provide comprehensive coverage in the event of a fire situation: Special gaseous suppression system; and Portable extinguishing System External Hydrant System Hose Reel System Automated Closed Head Sprinkler System (Recommended for some areas especially only where there is a large occupancy loading) Fixed or Portable Foam System Fire Suppression Systems Basement Level Portable Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers listed for Class A fire extinction are adequately distributed all over the entire basement level. Distribution is in accordance with NFPA 10 requirements and is as shown in the fire protection systems drawing. For all enclosures not captured for protection via clean agent systems, the portable systems serve the primary means of fire suppression. The areas are as listed below. Mechanical Room B16 Concourse B15 Loading Platform B24 Staff Changing B29 Staff Entrance B Dumb Waiter B31
Deposit B12 Wardrobe B08 Main Entrance Foyer Security Stair Areas VIP Garage B07 Presidential Entrance B06Link B23 Orientation Room B14 Crating / Uncrating B37 Maintenance Control B27 Workshop B32 The alarm and detection systems in this area tie directly to the main FAP located in the FCC. FM-200 Automatic Extinguishment System Manufacturer: DUPONT OEM: TYCO FM-200 waterless total flooding extinguishing system shall provide coverage against fire in certain areas of the basement level where it is desirable to provide a rapid knockdown of fire in order to minimize damage to critical equipments and reduce downtime arising . For this reason the following locations shall be protected by FM-200: Electrical Room B16 Control Room B26
Microfilm- Microfiche St B34 Storage library B33 Temporary Storage B36 Museum Archive- Height item E44 Museum Archive E45 Museum Archive- Small item E46 These individual compartments will have independent alarm and detection supervising the suppression system communicating to the FCC via a mimic and repeater panel. Fire Suppression Systems Exhibition level Portable Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers listed for Class A fire extinction are adequately distributed all over the entire basement level. Distribution is in accordance with NFPA 10 requirements and is as shown in the fire protection systems drawing. For all enclosures not captured for protection via clean agent systems, the portable systems serve the primary means of fire suppression. The areas are as listed below. Corridor E14 Coffee Shop Kitchen and Coffee Shop E32 & E31 ED Dep Manager E35 Link Main Conference Hall E30
Deposit E24 Stairs E25 Mechanical Room B17 Deposits E09 Stairs E06 Stage E41 Area Concourse E38 Right Wing Concourse E37 Back Stage E45 Wardrobe E12 The alarm and detection systems in this area tie directly to the main FAP located in the FCC. FM-200 Automatic Extinguishment System Manufacturer: DUPONT OEM: TYCO FM-200 waterless total flooding extinguishing system shall provide coverage against fire in certain areas of the basement level where it is desirable to provide a rapid knockdown of fire in order to minimize damage to critical equipments and reduce downtime arising . For this reason the following locations shall be protected by FM-200: Electrical Room E20
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These individual compartments will have independent alarm and detection supervising the suppression system communicating to the FCC via a mimic and repeater panel. NOVEC Automatic Extinguishment System MANUFACTURER: 3M OEM: TYCO NOVEC 1230 fire extinguishment system such is non-reactive with paper, canvas or other such materials, nor is it reactive with that which is printed, drawn, painted or written on such materials. Its low toxicity and wide margin of safety makes it an agent of choice for use of protection of archives, museum articles and other valuable materials stored in vaults. The following locations are protected by NOVEC fire protection fluid: Presidential Exhibition E27 Presidential Exhibition E28 Presidential Exhibition E29E23 Presidential Exhibition E03/10 First Lady Exhibition E05 First Lady Exhibition E04 These individual compartments will have independent alarm and detection supervising the suppression system communicating to the FCC via a mimic and repeater panel. 12.2.3 Fire Suppression Systems First Level
Portable Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers listed for Class A fire extinction are adequately distributed all over the entire basement level. Distribution is in accordance with NFPA 10 requirements and is as shown in the fire protection systems drawing. For all enclosures not captured for protection via clean agent systems, the portable systems serve as the primary means of fire suppression. The areas are as listed below. Concourse B15 Loading Platform B24 Staff Changing B29 Staff Entrance B Dumb Waiter B31 Deposit B12 Wardrobe B08 Main Entrance Foyer Security Stair Areas VIP Garage B07 Presidential Entrance B06Link B23 Orientation Room B14 Crating / Uncrating B37 Reproduction F45
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The alarm and detection systems in this area tie directly to the main FAP located in the FCC. FM-200 Automatic Extinguishment System Manufacturer: DUPONT OEM: TYCO FM-200 waterless total flooding extinguishing system shall provide coverage against fire in certain areas of the basement level where it is desirable to provide a rapid knockdown of fire in order to minimize damage to critical equipments and reduce downtime arising . For this reason the following locations shall be protected by FM-200: Electrical Room F15 Server Room F20 Book Archive F03 Document Archive F40 Special Document Archive F53 First Lady Archive F25 First lady Archive F21 These individual compartments will have independent alarm and detection supervising the suppression system communicating to the FCC via a mimic and repeater panel. Fire Suppression Systems Second Level
Portable Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers listed for Class A fire extinction are adequately distributed all over the entire basement level. Distribution is in accordance with NFPA 10 requirements and is as shown in the fire protection systems drawing. This provides the main fire suppression system in this zone with the exception of the Server Room. It is a mild hazard zone. FM-200 Automatic Extinguishment System Manufacturer: DUPONT OEM: TYCO FM-200 waterless total flooding extinguishing system shall provide coverage against fire in certain areas of the basement level where it is desirable to provide a rapid knockdown of fire in order to minimize damage to critical equipments and reduce downtime arising . For this reason the following locations shall be protected by FM-200: Server Room S38 Server Room S39 These individual compartments will have independent alarm and detection supervising the suppression system communicating to the FCC via a mimic and repeater panel. Fire Suppression Systems Penthouse Level Portable Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers listed for Class A fire extinction are adequately distributed all over the entire basement level. Distribution is in accordance with NFPA 10 requirements and is as shown in the fire protection systems drawing. The alarm and detection systems in this area tie directly to the main FAP located in the FCC. Fire Suppression Systems Auditorium Zone Portable Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers listed for Class A fire extinction are adequately distributed all over the entire basement level. Distribution is in accordance with NFPA 10 requirements and is as shown in the fire protection systems drawing. A closed head wet sprinkler system is recommended for this enclosure as per NFPA 13. It is distant from the Exhibition Center thus minimal chances of leakage through. Appropriate drainage can easily be achieved in this area for the structure provides a slant already. This thus minimizes fear of collection and leaks in to the archive areas in the basement. The alarm and detection systems in this area tie directly to the main FAP located in the FCC. EXTERNAL HYDRANT PROTECTION Also available for firefighting from the exterior is a hydrant 2-outlet Class 3 (1 .5 and 2.5 outlets) hydrant system designed to discharge 250gpm at a minimum residual pressure of 100 psi (6.9 bars) at the top most 2.5 hose connection. The hydrants heads will be adequately located around the library. They should be space
no more than 90 meters and with a minimum of 6 meters from the structure. The supply pipes are 150mm diameters as required and there are not located at dead end. The design is as per NFPA 14. GENERATOR AREA The generator area is equipped with portable extinguishers, FOAM/CO2/DCP. The diesel tank area will have wheeled foam extinguishers. Depending on the construction of the generator house and the size, there might be a need to construct a High Expansion Foam System according to NFPA 11. LABELLING All equipment is visible marked to indicate that it has been inspected, tested, and commissioned in accordance to standards. A maintenance and training program in accordance with fire code requirements and accepted engineering practices is to be implemented.
CHAPTER CONCLUSION Based on this report submitted to The Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE), it is my candid opinion that I have put in written some of my Professional experiences and contribution to engineering practice, since I graduated from the university about seven years ago. The practice years I have viewed as challenging and encouraging.
My diversification to design and knowledge of life safety plan, mechanical installations and services was the most challenging but fulfilling to me, though a hard nut to crack initially, with a can-do spirit and the help of God, I have surpassed my limitations. I sincerely hope that the ideas shared in this report would be a source of information to the society and the NSE institution.
MUSTAPHA MBURA
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Post Graduate Experience in Design and Installation of Active and Passive Fire Supression System

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Post Graduate Experience in Design and Installation of Active and Passive Fire Supression System

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POST GRADUATE EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF FIRE DETECTION AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI BORNO

CHAPTER THREE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

: 40 m x 54 m = 2160 Sq.m : 2160 Sq.m (< 3716 Sq.m) : 12 m

: Closed Head wet pipe ceiling water

system as per clause 6.1.1(2) in accordance with 6.2.4 of NFPA 409 +

3. Determination of Low Level Oscillating Foam Monitor System:

: 4.1 lpm / Sq.m (Clause 7.4.2 of NFPA 409)

= 3205.05 LPM = 13770 LPM = 441 LPM

Worst Case Total Demand applicable to HANGARS HOUSING FUEL

Sprinkler @ 3205.05 LPM X 45 MINS = 144,228 liters

TOTAL VOLUME: A+B+C =

HYDRAULIC IN-BALANCE OF 15% = 24,906 litres

HOSE REEL SYSTEMS & PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS:

- Installation and commissioning of fire Hose reel system.

- Installation and commissioning of Diesel storage and pumping system

It is adequately distanced from adjacent buildings thus

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