Kar Handbook 2005 Chapter4

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A Handbook of Karnataka
Chapter IV
AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Agriculture provides the main economic support to the State. The importance
Karnataka had given to agriculture is indicated by the statement of famous Kannada poet Sarvajnya who says that meti vidye (agricultural science) is superior to koti vidye (millions of other sciences). The same poet further states that together with meti (agricultural implement), rati (spinning wheel) must also turn without stop. This shows that Karnataka had its peasants, especially women, also engaged in spinning as a part time vocation. This has been testified to by many records including travellers like Buchanan (1800) who says that a full-time worker engaged in spinning earned as much as a farm labourer. But Industrial Revolution in England and the tariff policy in Britain resulted in India being reduced to an agricultural country by ruining its weaving industry and other crafts. Consequently those engaged in those crafts had to fall back on agriculture, depending on the limited land available. In historical times, Karnataka was famous for its rice, ragi and jowar crops and rice was a major export from its coastal ports. Spices like pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger etc., were also grown in plenty, some of them being wild crops. Literary and epigraphical sources speak of its rich rice fields and plantations of coconut, areca and plantains. Ibn Batuta, in 1347, says that the coastal area had very rich rice fields and in their centre were houses surrounded by a garden of flower plants and fruit trees. These dominions are well cultivated and very fertile says Domingo Paes who visited Vijayanagara Empire during the first part of the 16th century. This land has plenty of rice and Indian corn, grains, beans, and other kinds of crops which are not sown in our parts; also infinity of cotton. Of the grains there is a great quantity because besides being used as food for men, it is also used for horses, since there is no other kind of barley, and this Country has also much wheat, and that good, Paes adds. The Portuguese introduced maize, tobacco, groundnut, potato, chillies and tomato from the New World and Karnataka could get the knowledge of these new crops early due to its proximity to Goa, and further Goan Christian farmers migrated to Karnataka in good number, especially to the coastal and Malnad area. Buchanan held in 1800 that the rice grounds here were more neatly cultivated than in Malabar. The British introduced long fibred American cotton in India and especially in Bombay Karnataka. The Cotton Boom of the American Civil War days (1860s) gave an unprecedented fillip to cotton cultivation. Coffee plantations were raised on a large scale by the British during the 19th century. Though the rulers of Karnataka paid much attention to irrigation, especially
Agriculture and Allied activities
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tanks, irrigated area did not exceed five percent before the major irrigation works were taken up in our own times. Agriculture at present is the main source of food for the population and fodder for the cattle besides the source of livelihood for nearly 65 per cent of the population. Agricultural holdings, farm implements, irrigation works and livestock represent the largest fixed capital in the State. About 69 per cent of total population live in rural areas in the State as against 73.9 per cent in the Country. About 38.5 per cent of total population were main workers as against 34.2 per cent in the Country. Among main workers 34.2 per cent were cultivators, 2.9 per cent were agricultural labourers and 3.6 per cent were engaged in livestock, forestry, fishing, plantations and allied activities. In Karnataka, the work participation rate of female (29.3) is higher than in the Country (22.7) as a whole. But this rate is higher in Andhra Pradesh (34.8), Tamil Nadu (30.9) and Maharashtra (33). In Karnataka, the cropped area is recorded survey-number wise in Rights, Tenancy and Crop Inspection (RTC) by the Village Accountants. During 199798 Provisional Report, out of the total reporting area of 190.49 lakh ha, 61.4 per cent was the gross cropped area which included net area sown and area sown more than once. Net area sown was 52.89 per cent, Fallow land accounted for 10.86 per cent. Area under forests formed 16.1 per cent. Land not available for cultivation constituted 10.95 per cent. Other uncultivated land excluding fallows was 9.22 per cent. The net sown area was 107.4 lakh ha in the State as against 1,358.8 lakh ha in the Country. Area available for crop growth in the State was 7.9 per cent of the reporting area for the country. Category - wise Land use in the State is outlined for selected years in the following table Land Utilisation in Karnataka - 1955-56 to 1997-98 in OOO ha.
1955-56 1960-61 1 1. Forest 2. Land put to non-agril.use 3. 4. 5. Barren and uncultivable and Cultivable waste Permanent pastures and other grazing land 2 2,707.0 (14.6) 853.4 (4.6) 844.0 (4.5) 620.5 .(3.3) 1,744.1 (9.4) 3 2,708.8 (14.4) 811.6 (4.3) 922.8 (4.9) 656.2 (3.5) 1,739.0 (9.3) 197O-7I 4 2,89.4 (15.26) 937.0 (4.95) 839.2 (4.43) 615.2 (3.25) 1,619.1 (8.55) 1980-81 1990-91 5 3,033.1 (15.29) 1,066.5 (5.60) 844.3 (4.43) 502.4 (2.64) 1,345.7 (7.06) 6 3,074 (16.14) 1,188.7 (6.24) 798.6 (4.19) 446.2 (2.34) 1,097.8 (5.76) 1997-98 7 3,063 (16.14) 1,284 (6.26) 801 (4.21) 439 (2.34) 1,005 (5.76)
104 1 6. 7. 8. 9. 2 Land under Misc. tree crops & groves Current fallows Other fallow land Net area sown 3 373.9 (2.0) 699.1 (3.6) 665.5 (3.6) (54.4) 10. Total cropped area 11. Total Geographical area a) village papers b) professional 19,188.0 19,190.1 19,134.5 4 366.4 (2.0) 834.6 (4.4) 513.1 (2-7) [54.5) 5 310.9 811.1 (4.27) 672.1 (3.55) 10,248.1 (54.1) 10,886.7 18,942.9
A Handbook of Karnataka 6 342.9 ; 1,458.7 (7.66) 557.9 (2.93) (51.96) 7 316.7 (1.66) 1,289.7 (6.77) 457.3 (2.40) (54.49) 313 (1.66) 1,671 (5.17) 399 (2.26) 10,075 (56.22) 11,696 190.50 (100) 19,179.1
(1.64) (1.80)
10,065.1 10,228.4 10.397.6 10,587.7 18,542.6 18,980.1
9,898.6 10,380.7 10,660.0 11,759.0 19,049.8 19,049.8 (100) (100) 19,179.1 19,179.1
Source: Directorate of Economic and Statistics.
The State income from Agriculture (average of 1986-89) at current prices was Rs. 4,745 crores as against Rs. 82,191 crores for the Country. The proportion of income originating from agriculture is 35% as compared to 30 per cent in the Country. The per ha average value added amounts to Rs. 4,014 for the State and Rs. 4,646 for the Country. The per capita (rural) income from Agriculture was Rs. 1,797 for the State and Rs. 1,564 for the Country. Agricultural Census Agricultural Census is a quinquenial census conducted once in five years since its inception in 1970-71. So far seven Agricultural Census have been conducted, the latest being 2000-01.The year 1995-96 was declared as Land Records Year. In this census, the number and size of operational holdings were collected both for male and female operational holders separately for the first time. The total number of operational holdings as per 1995-96 Agricultural census is 62.21 lakhs and the total area of operational holdings is found to be 121.09 lakh ha. The number and area operated by male is 53.19 lakhs with 105.51 lakh ha while in case of female, the number of operational holdings is 8.94 with 14.13 lakh ha area operated. The average size of operational holdings for the current census is found out to be 1.95 ha. The average size of operational holdings held by female operational holders was 1.58 ha. Which is comparatively less when compared to 2.00 ha of average size holdings held by male operational holdings. The number of operational holdings under Scheduled Caste group has increased to 7.26 lakhs in 1995-96 and the area operated has increased to 10.38 lakh ha. Under Scheduled Tribe group also the number of operational holdings increased to 3.34 lakhs and the area of operational holdings to 6.61 lakh ha.
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The number of operational holdings under individual type has increased to 61.29 lakhs where as the number of operational holdings under joint and institutional types have decreased by 5.7 per cent and 10 per cent respectively. The area of operational holdings has decreased to 118.49 lakh ha in case of individual type, while under joint type; it has been reduced to 2.14 lakh ha. In case of Institutional type, it has decreased to 0.46 lakh ha. The trends in the distribution of number and area of operational holdings and the average size of the operational holdings since 1970-71 Agricultural Census is given here.
KARNATAKA STATE AGRICULTURAL CENSUS I Trends in Number of Operational Holdings according to major size classes (Number in 000') Size Class Marginal Small Semi Medium Medium Large Total 1970-71 1976-77 1081 840 788 623 219 3551 1274 888 818 632 199 3811 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 1489 1057 918 662 183 4309 1792 1293 1035 646 153 4919 2262 1586 1163 636 129 5776 2610 1707 1204 594 106 6221 2000-01 3252 1909 1259 569 90 7079
II Trends in Area of Operational Holdings according to major size classes (Area in 000' hectares) Size Class Marginal Small Semi Medium Medium Large Total 1970-71 1976-77 549 1221 2205 3792 3601 11368 638 1319 2288 3858 3254 11357 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 733 1543 2572 4018 2880 11746 866 1888 2880 3881 2364 11879 1072 2308 3200 3770 1971 12321 1248 2480 3298 3490 1593 12109 2000-01 1492 2742 3429 3317 1327 12307
III Trends in Average Size of Operational Holdings according to major size classes (Area in Hectares) Size Class Marginal Small Semi Medium Medium Large Total 1970-71 1976-77 0.51 1.46 2.8 6.09 16.43 3.2 0.5 1.49 2.8 6.11 16.35 2.98 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 0.49 1.46 2.8 6.07 15.69 2.73 0.48 1.46 2.8 6.01 15.45 2.41 0.47 1.46 2.75 5.93 15.28 2.13 0.48 1.45 2.74 5.88 15.02 1.95 2000-01 0.46 1.44 2.72 5.83 14.74 1.74
Source: Agricultural Census 2000-01 issued by Directorate of Economics & Statistics. Marginal Holdings: Below 1 hect., Small Holdings: 1 to 2 hects., Semi-medium Holdings: 2 to 4 hects. Medium Holdings: 4 to 10 hects., Large Holdings: 10 hects. and above.
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Agriculture in the State is mainly dependent on rainfall as more than 70 to 75 per cent of area depends wholly or partially on rainfall for crop production. The rainfall is not evenly distributed across the area as well as over time, and this gives rise to low productivity in rain fed agriculture. South-West (June to September) and North-East (October to December) monsoons are the important sources of rains. South-West Monsoon constitutes nearly 71 per cent of annual rainfall. During 1998, season-wise normal and actual rainfall in mm is as follows: South West monsoon - 846.6; 1173, North-East monsoon - 199.5; 233, Cold Weather period (January to February)-4.8; nil, and Hot Weather period (March to May)-137.7; 70. As regards the distribution of net area sown under rainfall regions in the State, 66.3 per cent of the area is distributed under low rainfall region and 24.3 per cent of area under medium rainfall region. The different soils in the State have distinct, varying morphological and physico-chemical properties that have an influence on the unique status of the soils. The extent of coverage of different types of soils is as follows: 1) Shallow black soils (1.3%), 2) Medium Black soils (20.34%), 3) Deep black soils (10.25%), 4) Red sandy soils (29.27%), 5) Mixed red and black soils (11.82%), 6) Red loamy soils (15.14%), 7) Laterite soils and laterite gravely soils (9.3%) and Coastal alluvial soils (2.58%). Cropping Pattern In Karnataka cropped area is recorded survey number-wise in RTC (Record of Rights, Tenancy and Crop Inspection) by Village Accountant and consolidated at village, at taluk and district levels. Major crops grown are grouped as cereals, pulses, oilseeds and cash crops. Out of 1, 16, 96,181 hectares of total gross cropped area during 1997-98, 45.99% of the area was under cereals, 14.38% under pulses, 20.28% under oilseeds and 6.93% under cotton and sugarcane crops. The remaining 8.5% of the area was under other crops. Area under cereals has decreased from 62, 73,000 hectares during 196061 to 53, 78,618 hectares during 1997-98. During the same period, area under pulses increased from 13, 06,000 to 16, 81,587 hectares. The area under oilseeds registered an increase of 11, 25,000 hectares from 12, 47,000 to 23, 71,986 hectares. The total (gross) cropped area had been increased from 1, 05, 88,000 to 1, 16, 96,181 hectares. Paddy, jowar, ragi, maize, bajra and wheat are the cereal crops grown in the State. Ragi, Paddy and jowar occupy about 80% of the area under cereals. Cereal crops are largely grown in Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gulbarga, Raichur, Koppal, Belgaum, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Bellary, Chitradurga, Davangere, Mysore and Chamarajnagar districts. Red gram and Bengal gram are the major pulse crops which occupy about 4.5% of the area under pulses. Pulses are largely grown in Gulbarga, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Bidar, Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri
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districts. Groundnut and sunflower are the important oilseed crops which occupy about 80% of the area under oilseeds. Oilseeds are largely grown in Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gulbarga, Raichur, Koppal, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Chitradurga, Davanagere and Tumkur districts. Cotton Is predominantly grown in Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Raichur, Koppal, Bellary and Belgaum districts which occupy about 75% of the area under the crop. Sugarcane is largely grown in Belgaum, Mandya, Bijapur and Bagalkot districts. Paddy is one of the major cereal crops of the State. It is predominantly grown in Shimoga, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada, Raichur, Koppal, Mysore, Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. It was grown in 13.53 lakh ha during 1997-98. Area under this crop increased from 8.78 (1955-56) to 13.53 lakh ha (1997-98). It is cultivated in all the three seasons i.e. Jowar (76.2%), rabi (3.98%) and summer (19.82%). About 9.33 lakh ha of paddy area was under irrigation and 80.2% of area under paddy was sown with high yielding varieties. The yield in kg per hectare under irrigated conditions is 4,286 and un-irrigated condition is about 2,546. Jowar is another major cereal crop grown largely in northern districts. Gulbarga, Raichur, Koppal, Belgaum, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Bellary, Davanagere and Bidar districts account for nearly 90% of the area under the crop^ About 18.97 lakh ha of area was under this crop during 1997-98. About 79.1% of the area under this crop was grown in rabi season alone. Only 1.43 lakh hectares of this area was irrigated. About 37.1% of the area under this crop was sown with hybrid varieties. The yield obtained from the irrigated crop is 1,898 kg/ha while the yield got under un-irrigated crop is only 610 kg/ha. Ragi is largely grown in southern districts of the State. Predominant ragi growing districts are Bangalore Rural, Tumkur, Hassan, Chitradurga, Mysore, Chamarajnagar, Kolar and Mandya. About 17.45% of the area under cereals was shared by ragi crop. About 9.39 lakh ha of area was under this crop during 1997-98. About six per cent of area was irrigated. About 97% of area was sown with high-yielding varieties. The average yield per ha from rain fed crop is 13.6 quintals. Maize and bajra occupied 5.61 and 3.02 lakh ha respectively during 199798. These two crops together account for 16% of area under cereals. These two crops are largely grown in northern districts of the State. Wheat, another important food crop, is grown in the rabi season. It is also largely grown in northern districts of the State. About 2.51 lakh ha of area was under this crop during 1997-98. Red gram (tur) is one of the major pulse crop grown in the Kharif season in the State. Gulbarga, Raichur, Koppal and Bidar districts accounted for 70% of the area under this crop in the State. It is mainly grown in rain fed areas. About 4.22 lakh ha of area was under this crop during 1997-98. About 25% of area under pulses was covered by Red gram crop.
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Area under Principal Crops

(Thousand hectares) Crops I. Food grains (a+b) a) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) b) 8) 9) Cereals and millets Rice Jowar Ragi Bajra Maize Small Millets Wheat Pulses Tur Bengal gram 1996-97 7372 5595 1359 1999 1035 417 446 92 248 1777 445 348 318 149 321 196 2606 1285 114 23 881 303 660 282 70 201 291 1997-98 7060 5379 1353 1897 939 302 561 75 251 1682 422 337 255 147 342 179 2372 1040 115 21 929 267 502 309 71 196 302 1998-99 7416 5596 1427 1850 1031 417 512 90 269 1820 475 355 327 143 324 195 2437 1230 115 27 833 232 636 339 84 170 310 1999-00 7666 5745 1450 2024 916 422 606 66 261 1920 508 319 393 130 356 214 1982 1120 106 26 494 237 546 373 75 177 321 2000-01 7804 5757 1483 1782 1023 462 669 71 266 2047 583 369 451 146 295 203 1894 1063 98 30 478 225 552 417 71 173 336
10) Green gram 11) Black gram 12) Horse gram 13) Other pulses II Oil Seeds 14) Groundnut 15) Sesamum 16) Castor 17) Sunflower 18) Other oilseeds III Other crops 19) Cotton 20) Sugarcane 21) Tobacco 22) Chillies (dry) 23) Coconut
Note: Totals may not tally due to rounding off of figures. Source: Statistical Outline of Karnataka 2000-01, DES NO. 76/ 2004, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, 2004.
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Production of Principal Crops (Thousand tonnes)

Crops I. Food grains (a + b) a) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) b) 8) 9) Cereals and millets Rice Jowar Ragi Bajra Maize Small Millets Wheat Pulses Tur Bengal gram 1996-97 9213 8491 3212 1898 1495 270 1385 41 190 722 229 194 60 36 151 52 1755 1147 44 25 362 177 1009 23374 57 161 14979 1997-98 8037 7540 3213 1254 1273 133 1511 38 119 497 99 115 36 35 163 49 1139 707 36 18 258 120 634 28999 62 157 15504 1998-99 9997 9250 3657 1643 1734 283 1671 42 219 747 221 202 68 51 153 52 1671 1192 47 23 264 145 977 34771 59 146 16115 1999-2000 9859 9011 3717 1791 1402 252 1603 28 218 848 290 175 134 43 155 51 1193 769 52 20 201 151 665 37567 45 157 16718 2000-2001 10960 10004 3847 15 47 1835 342 2136 47 250 956 264 239 185 56 157 55 1545 1081 40 39 231 154 855 42923 52 151 17624
10) Green gram 11) Black gram 12) Horse gram 13) Other pulses II Oil Seeds 14) Groundnut 15) Sesamum 16) Castor 17) Sunflower 18) Other oilseeds III Other crops 19) Cotton 20) Sugarcane 21) Tobacco 22) Chillies (dry) 23) Coconut
Note: Totals may not tally due to rounding off of figures. 1. Production of Groundnut in terms of nuts in shells. 2. Production of Cotton in terms of bales of lint of 170 kg each. 3. Production of Coconut in lakh nuts. Source: Statistical Outline of Karnataka 2000-01, DES NO. 76/ 2004, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, 2004.
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Yield per Hectare of Principal Crops (in kg per hectare)

Crops I. Food grains (a + b) a) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) b) 7) 8) 9) Cereals and millets Rice Jowar Ragi Bajra Maize Wheat Pulses Tur Bengal gram Green gram II Oil Seeds 11) Groundnut 12) Sesamum 13) Castor 14) Sunflower III Other crops 15) Cotton(lint) 16) Sugarcane(in tons) 17) Tobacco 18) Chillies (dry) 19) Coconut(nos) 274 87 854 803 5192 226 99 925 802 5179 275 108 742 860 5244 218 106 622 890 5258 277 108 778 873 5298 940 411 1159 432 715 333 906 293 1020 426 898 333 722 515 812 428 1070 432 1347 509 541 587 200 257 246 359 149 249 490 600 219 373 600 578 360 446 476 682 432 403 2488 1000 1520 683 3272 807 2499 696 1428 463 2833 498 2698 935 1771 715 3434 859 2699 931 1611 628 2783 877 2730 914 1889 778 3361 988 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001
10) Black gram
Bengal gram is one of the important pulse crop grown in the rabi season. Gulbarga, Bidar, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Dharwad, Gadag, Haven and Belgaum districts accounted for 86% of area under this crop in the State. About 3.37 lakh ha of area was under this crop during 1997-98. About 20% of the area under pulses was covered by this crop. Groundnut is an important crop of the State largely grown in Tumkur, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Gulbarga, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Raichur, Koppal, Bagalkot and Bijapur districts. These districts accounted for 69% of the area under this crop. About 10.4 lakh ha was under this crop during 1997-98. About 43.86% of the area under oilseeds was covered by groundnut and only 22.85% of area under this crop was irrigated. Sesamum is another oilseed crop of the State grown in the Kharif season in rain fed condition only. Gulbarga, Bidar, Koppal and Raichur accounted
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for 58% of area under this crop. About 1.15 lakh ha was under this crop during 1997-98 and it formed 4.96% of the area under oilseeds. Sunflower is an important oilseed crop grown in Bijapur, Bagalkot, Raichur, Koppal, Gulbarga, Bellary, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Davanagere and Chitradurga districts. These districts accounted for 84% of the area under this crop. This crop was grown in 9.29 lakh ha during 1997-98 and about 19.3% of the area under this crop was irrigated. About 39.4% of the area under oilseeds was covered by this crop. Safflower is another important oilseed crop grown in the rabi season in rain fed areas. Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gulbarga, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Belgaum, Koppal and Raichur districts accounted for 91% of the area under this crop. The share of the area under the crop to oilseeds was 5.54%. Sugarcane is an important commercial crop mostly grown in irrigated areas in the State. Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Mandya and Bidar districts accounted for 74.8% of the area during 1997-98. Belgaum district alone covered 45.5% of the area under this crop. Cotton is an important fibre crop of the State. Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Bellary, Belgaum, Koppal and Raichur districts accounted for 81.9% of area under the crop. About 5.02 lakh ha of area under this crop during 1997-98. Soil Conservation: The main objective of soil conservation activity is to arrest the runoff of rain water and there by conserve soil and moisture. It is estimated that 85 lakh ha. of land require soil conservation measures. Soil conservation works include land shaping, contour bunding, bench terracing etc. The area covered under soil conservation measures as at the end of March 1999 was 46.55 lakh ha. The Centrally sponsored soil conservation scheme in the catchments of the River Valley Projects viz, (1) Tungabhadra 2} Nizamsagar and 3) Nagarjunasagar are in operation. Seeds: The State Agricultural Universities are basically responsible for the production and supply of breeder seeds of different crops. In all, there were 73 seed farms in the State. The foundation seeds produced in the departmental farms were being handed over to the Karnataka State Seed Corporation for processing and further multiplication. The role of the private seed industry has been well recognised and they have been provided with all the facilities. Many multi-national Companies are also engaged in seed production. There are two seed testing laboratories, one at Hebbal and another at Dharwad. About 3.64 lakh quintals of certified seeds were distributed during 1998-99. There is one more seed testing laboratory at Lalbagh, Bangalore under the control of the Horticulture department. Manures and Fertilizers: Due to the high cost of chemical fertilizers, the development and use of organic manures assumes great importance. Biofertilizers like Rhizobium, Blue green algae, Azatobacter and Azospirillum are
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being popularised among farming community. Steps are being taken to improve production of rural compost by educating the rural folk to prepare it on scientific lines. Local bodies are engaged in the preparation of urban compost. The consumption of fertilizers which was just 3,960 tonnes of nutrients during 1956-57 has reached a record 11.49 lakh tonnes during 1998-99 in the State. The per hectare consumption of chemical fertilizers is 68 kg which is still lower than the neighbouring Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu States. The Karnataka Fertilizer Concessional Price Scheme implemented from 1992-93, makes provision for the supply of super phosphate, diammonium phosphate, muriate of potash and complex fertilizers at concessional price, Plant Protection: The department of Agriculture has taken a number of steps to popularise plant protection measures such as supplying plant protection equipments and chemicals at subsidised rates. An area of 63 lakh ha was covered under plant protection measures during 1997-98, and about 3000 tonnes of technical grade material was used for plant protection. Programmes of Agricultural Development: The Department of Agriculture has been chalking out various programmes and policies for the development of Agriculture. The department is implementing the thrust programmes in selected districts to increase production of major crops like Integrated programme of Rice Development, Special Food grains Production Programme for maize, ragi, jowar and bajra, oilseeds production programme, National Pulse Development Programme etc., Besides the new programmes like Bhooguna, Hanithene and Krishi Prashasthi have been implemented to motivate and to encourage the farmers for adopting improved agricultural practices and to increase the production and productivity. Under National Watershed Development Programme in selected 86 taluks for popularising dry farming, soil and water conservation schemes are being implemented. Danida assisted project for training farm women and farm youth especially to teach the skills required in the farm operations were being focussed. Under Special Component Plan, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe farmers were provided with inputs, implements, plant protection equipments, bullock and bullock carts etc. Crop Insurance: Comprehensive Crop Insurance scheme is in operation since 1985 in all the taluks. The scheme is operated through the General Insurance Corporation (GIC) of India. The coverage in respect of crops insured in the State is shared between GIC and the State Government in the ratio of 2:1. During 1997-98, 3.25 lakh farmers in an area of 5.70 lakh ha insured the crops for a sum of Rs. 18,545 lakhs. About 1,986 lakh rupees were paid as claims to 1.16 lakh farmers. IRRIGATION The ancient rulers of Karnataka undertook construction of a large number of tanks and paid maximum attention to irrigation. (See Chapter II on history). But in later period Vijaynagar rulers did put up a dam across the Cauvery in
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1347 near Talakadu, impounded the waters of Kumudvati rivulet to create Masur Magada (which is over 400 acres in area), dug many canals from the Tungabhadra near the capital and tapped maximum quantity of water for irrigation from rivers. We hear of a hydraulic engineer (Jalasutradhari) in one of their records. The Mysore ruler Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyars Bangaradoddi Canal (17th century) drawn from the Cauvery is famous. Chikkadevaraya raised Chunchanakatte dam, a brick work during the same century. Excavating tanks or their repair was held as a meritorious duty. So wide and systematic was the tank network all over, that one of the Commissioners of Mysore, Bowring says the following of it : As the country is generally undulating, and intersected by numerous valleys threaded by natural water courses, it occurred to the natives many centuries ago, to dam up the supply thus furnished, in order to irrigate their fields in the dry season, and in this way, as population increased additional land was brought under the plough, a chain of such tanks was formed, gradually increasing in size and capacity as the line was prolonged. He further adds. In many instances, advantage has been taken of the gorges in hills to throw up colossal embankments, which have withstood with fair success, the floods of centuries. The arrangement was a chain of tanks, in a single catchments area. Every reservoir in the chain received surplus water from the one at the upper level, and thus there was no wastage to point out. During the pre-independence era, the British and Mysore State Government took up some notable irrigation works such as Krishnarajasagar, Sagarakatte Dam, Dhudpal veir near Gokak, Vanivilas Sagar, Marconahalli and Anjanapur. The Ultimate irrigational potential in the State at present has been estimated at 55 lakh ha. Which forms 51.4 per cent of net sown area? This would comprise of 35 lakh ha. under major and medium irrigation projects, 10 lakh ha. under minor irrigation using surface waters and remaining 10 lakh ha. from ground water sources. As per the master plans prepared by the State, the ultimate utilisation in Krishna basin is likely to be 1,156 tmc. and the States use in the Cauvery basin is likely to be 408.62 tmc. The Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal award has resulted in an allocation of 22.37 tmc for its project in the State. The State has presently formulated projects for utilising a total quantum of 103.31 tmc in Palar, Pennar (North and South) and west flowing rivers. The utilisations committed (for irrigation only) of various river basins upto the end of March 2000 is 1,179.47 tmc comprising the following: a)Krishna basin - 712.06 tmc; b) Cauvery basin - 392.87 tmc; c) Godavari basin - 22.37 tmc and other basins - 52.17 tmc. The cumulative irrigation potential under major, medium and minor irrigation (surface water) is anticipated to go upto 29.36 lakh ha. during 2000-2001.
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The projects, both major and medium which have been completed have contributed for the creation of an irrigation potential of 4.64 lakh ha. Irrigated Area in Karnataka
Unit: Area in Hectares. Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Canals Tanks Wells Tube/Bore Wells Lift Irrigation * Other Sources * Total Source 1998-99 Net 254965 478818 449674 98215 258178 Gross 292031 588245 589870 121785 284821 952021 1244000 1999-2000 Net 245493 477413 481604 91486 258055 Gross 273964 570270 617387 121753 292485 993618 1286534 2000-2001 Net 260896 478822 539149 94680 302695 Gross 303837 573164 680734 119710 339078 966481 1254141 2001-2002 Net Gross 903472 1147057 243407 275786 479659 543164 574249 714886 92747 109419 271374 298669
2491871 3120752 2547669
3162393 2642723 3270664 2564908 3088981
* Includes temporary irrigation also. Source: Annual Seasonal and Crop Report of DE&S. Bangalore
As against the potential, the net area irrigated during 1997-98 was 23.63 lakh ha. Net area irrigated by canal was the highest with 38.24% of the total irrigated, followed by wells (19.05%), tanks (10.14%), tube wells (17.39%), other sources (10.51%) and lift irrigation (4.7%). About six lakh ha. of land was irrigated more than once bringing the gross area irrigated to 28 lakh ha. Net area irrigated for the country as a whole was 32% of net area sown in 1989-90. In Karnataka, the percentage of net area irrigated to net area sown which was 21.2 during 1991-92 has increased to 23.5 during 1997-98. The Percentage of net area irrigated to net area sown for the state of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh are 48 and 38 respectively. The cumulative potential created under minor irrigation from surface water upto 1997-98 was 9.38 lakh ha. All irrigation works having an atchkat of 2,000 ha. are classified as minor irrigation works. The Karnataka Tank Irrigation Project with the World Bank assistance is being implemented from 1981-82. An amount of Rs. 155 crores is spent upto November 1993 and 73 tank irrigation projects were completed creating a potential of 23,310 ha. Minor irrigation works are also taken up under Ganga Kalyana Scheme, Special Component Plan, Tribal Sub-plan etc., There were about 40,411 minor irrigation works benefiting an atchkat of 8.68 lakh ha. which comprises of 36,555 tanks with an atchkat of 6.59 lakh ha and 4.29 lift irrigation schemes with an atchkat of 88.367 ha and 3,427 other minor irrigation works with an atchkat of 1, 20,588 ha. National Water Management Project in Karnataka aims at improvement of the existing canal system served by reservoirs for increasing the productivity and farm income. The project is estimated to cost Rs. 74 crores. The expenditure
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Incurred upto end of March 1993 was Rs. 47 crores. The Command Area Development programme is intended to tackle the problem of non-utilisation of irrigation potential created and to reduce the gap between potential created and potential utilised. During 1998-99, the area brought under field irrigation channels was 10,530 ha; the area brought under on-farm development works was 17,630 ha and about 8,230 ha was covered under warabandi system. The total investment upto end of March 2000 on Irrigation in the State is Rs 14,267 crores comprising of Rs. 13,399 on major and medium irrigation and Rs. 868 crores on minor irrigation (using surface waters). This does not include the investment on irrigation prior to plan period i.e., prior to 1951. Upto the end of March 2000 a total irrigation potential of 36,22,921 ha (including 9,08,563 ha of potential from ground waters) is created, bringing the percentage of potential created to net sown area to 33.85%. This comprises of a) 4,53,054 ha under 8 major and 32 medium completed projects, b) 12,88,717 ha under 19 major and 21 medium ongoing projects bringing the total potential under major and medium projects to 17,41,771 ha, c) 9,39,566 ha under completed minor projects using surface waters, d) 33,021 ha under 13,743 small tanks having less than 4 ha ayacut (now with Zilla Parishat) and e) 9,08,563 ha under irrigation from ground water resources. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has sanctioned a loan assistance of Rs. 106.98 crores during 1995-96 for completing six medium irrigation projects viz Votehole, Lower Mullamari, Amarja, Chulkinala, Maskinala and Manchanabele under Rural infrastructure Development fund (RIDF-1) upto end of March 2000 Rs. 193.06 crores has been utilised. NABARD has sanctioned a loan assistance of Rs. 50 crores for one major irrigation project viz Bennithora during 1996-97 inder RIDF-II. The State has constituted Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Limited (KNNL) under the Companys Act 1956 with a view to expedite 10 projects under Krishna basin by mobilising additional resources required for the project. The ten projects coming under this Nigam are Malaprabha, Ghataprabha III, Upper Tunga Project, Bhima Lift Irrigation Scheme, Harinala, Markandeya, Singatalur, Hippargi Barrage project, Gandharinala project and Tunga lift Irrigation Scheme. This Nigam has raised Rs 475.32 crores through private issues of bonds/debentures upto March 2000. The National Hydrology project is taken up with the world bank assistance, since 1996-97. It envisages setting up of reliable and well designed net work in the state for collection of Hydrological and Meteorological data for surface as well as ground water both quality and quantity aspects. The implementation period of this project is six years. The expenditure incurred upto the end of March 2000 is Rs. 5.58 crores. The state has constituted Krishna Bhagya Jala Nigam Limited during 1994 under the Companys Act of 1956 with a view to expedite the works of Upper
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Krishna Project and to complete it early by mobilising additional resources required for the project. The Nigam has raised Rs. 2,629.59 crores and spent Rs 3,496.78 crores upto the end of March 2000. The Water and Land Management Institute (WALMI) is functioning at Dharwad since May 1986 and is conducting training programmes for officers of Irrigation and Agriculture Department and the farmers. Govt. of India has launched the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit programme (ABIP) during the year 1996-97 for the purpose of early completion of some of the ongoing irrigation projects which have been lingering due to shortage of funds for the last several years. Govt. of India has released Rs. 61.25 crores during 1996-97 and Rs. 87.50 crores during 1997-98. The amount has been spent on five on-going projects viz. UKP Stage-1, Malaprabha, Hirehalla, Ghataprabha III and Karanja. During 1999-2000, the above five projects were continued under AIBP and an expenditure of Rs 160.47 crores was incurred. Minor irrigation covers both surface and ground water schemes. All irrigation works having an individual atchkat upto 2000 ha are classified as minor irrigation works. District wise details of Minor irrigation tanks in Karnataka are given here. District-wise details of Minor irrigation tanks in Karnataka
District Tanks under T.D.B < 4 ha. 3 98 435 441 1,489 8 76 2,303 557 2 224 2,502 1,122 434 13 88 39 0 Tanks under Z.P 4 - 40 ha 4 395 890 1,200 2.461 133 255 3,414 565 87 692 2,933 1,624 679 129 443 101 20 Tanks under M.I >40ha 5 67 206 381 336 166 89 327 99 64 50 174 122 33 2 4 61 44 Total tanks No. of Wells (1975) 7 7,674 25,782 33,427 48,919 12,812 4,219 1,077 2,650 5,497 5,961 1,826 1,737 65 14,565 15,273 5,885 5,071
1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
2 Bangalore Bangalore Rural Turnkur Kolar Chitradurga Davanagere Shimoga Mysore Chamarajnagar Mandya Hassan Chikmagalur Kodagu Dakshina Kannada Udupi Bellary Koppal
6 560 1,513 2,022 4,286 307 420 6,044 1,221 153 966 5,609 2,868 1,146 144 535 201 64
Agriculture and Allied activities 1 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 2 Raichur Gulbarga Bidar Bagalkot Bijapur Gadag Dharwad Haveri Uttara Kannada Belgaum 3 332 76 0 0 0 0 408 721 2,258 117 4 223 311 15 0 0 4 496 1,139 932 490 5 53 134 80 49 92 23 107 262 87 210 6 608 521 95 49 92 27 1,011 2,122 3,277 817
117 7 4,849 13,429 11,309 10,913 27,487 4,038 754 4,567 18,905 43,264
Medium Irrigation Projects Under the Control of Minor Irrigation

Name of the Project District Year of completion 3 1980 1946 1963 1961 1958 1964 1936 1970 1940 1957 Cost in Rs. lakhs 4 28 35 40 34 43 116 21 60 35 21 Atchkat (in ha) 5 405 2,076 2,005 1,924 648 2,955 6,736 850 4,560 405
1 I 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) B. 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) South Zone Gundamgere, DoddabllapurTq Kanva, Channapatna Tq Gayathri, Hiriyur Tq Narayanapura Challakere Tq Sangenahalli, JagalurTq Ambligola, ShikaripurTq Anjanapur, ShikaripurTq Mangala, Kunigal Tq Marconahalli, Kunigal Tq Sonnaikanahalli Kunigal Tq North Zone Areshankar Basavana Bagewadi Tq Kalaskop, Bagalkot Tq Nagathana, Bijapur Tq Ramenahalli, Sindagi Tq Chitwadgi, Kushtagi Tq Dharma, Mundagod Tq
2 Bangalore (R) Bangalore (R) Chitradurga Chitradurga Davanagere Shimoga Shimoga Tumkur Tumkur Tumkur
Bijapur Bagalkot Bijapur Bijapur Koppal Uttara Kannada
1957 1960 1961 1958 1971 1964
22 25 15 42 41 133
1,255 1,143 650 1,943 890 5,668
The recurring droughts during the last decade has resulted in an unprecedented spurt in the ground water usage from just about 2,000 M.cum
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in 1980-81 to 3600 M.cum in 1990-91 in irrigated sector. Likewise the number of drinking water bore wells increased from about 50,000 in 1981 to 1.58 lakhs by 1998. This extra-ordinary growth has resulted in steep decline of water table in several parts of the State. So the systematic study of the status of ground water, its occurrence, behaviour and remedial measures to be adopted is being undertaken by the Ground Water Cell of Mines & Geology Department. Flood Control and Sea Erosion: Karnataka has a coastline of about 300 km. with narrow beaches. Due to high wave action of sea, the coastline is being eroded. Erosion along the beaches causes loss of valuable coconut plantations and property. Anti-erosion works have been taken up in Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada districts since 1979-80. Sea walls were constructed with 200 Kgs armour stones in two layers of coconut leaf mat. Permanent measures have been evolved with nylon synthetic filter cloth mesh with flat slopes and 1,360 Kg stones are laid in two layers. It has been identified that about 73 km of sea coast are subjected to sea erosion. A Master Plan to protect these vulnerable reaches at a cost of Rs. 145 crores has been sent to Govt. of India for clearance. An expert committee has been formed to examine designs and suggest works to be taken up along identified reaches of the sea coast. The committee has suggested two designs with individual armour stones weighing 560 and 570 kgs which are now being adopted. A project report for priority reaches for Rs. 40 crores was cleared by the Beach Erosion Board. Completed Major and Medium irrigation projects
Project Basin Year of completion 1 A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Major Projects Cauvery Anicut Channels Krishnarajasagar Nugu Ghataprapha I & II Tunga Anicut Vani Vilas Sagar Vijaynagar Channels Total (1) Krishna Basin (2) Cauvery Basin Major Projects Total B. 1. Medium Projects Ambligola Krishna 1964 1.40 2,955 Cauvery Cauvery Cauvery Krishna Krishna Krishna Krishna 1900 1944 1959 1980 1956 1908 1600 57.70 61.20 7.7 32.45 11.50 8.2 12.05 86.70 126.60 213.30 77,172 79,312 10,526 1,39,383 8.704 9,190 12,210 2,06,991 1,67,010 3,74,001 2 3 Utilisation in tmc 4 Irrigation in ha 5
Agriculture and Allied activities 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Anjanapur Areshankar Bachanki Bhadra Anicut Byramangala Chandrampalli Chikkahole Chithwadgi Dharma Gayathri Gokak Canal Gundal Hagari Bommanahalli Hathikoni Hebbala Jambadahalla Kalaskop Kanakanala Kanva Kolchi Weir Mangala Marconahalli Nagathana Nallur Amanlkere Narayanapur NarihaUa Rajolibanda Bamanahalli Soudagar Suvamavathy Teetha Total (a) Krishna basin (b) Cauvery basin (c) West flowing (d) Palar Medium Projects Total Major and Medium Projects 2 Krishna Krishna West-flowing Krishna Cauvery Krishna Cauvery Krishna Krishna Krishna Krishna Cauvery Krishna Krishna Cauvery Krishna Krishna Krishna Cauvery Krishna Cauvery Cauvery Krishna Cauvery Krishna Krishna Krishna Krishna Krishna Cauvery Palar 3 1936 1957 1974 1923 1945 1972 1969 1971 1964 1963 1897 1980 1978 1973 1972 1968 1960 1975 1946 1953 1970 1941 1961 1987 1961 1979 1960 1958 1987 1984 1987 4 2.50 0.38 0.52 3.10 1.00 1.90 0.70 0.26 2.20 0.45 1.40 1.40 2.00 0.50 0.40 0.70 0.33 0.40 1.20 0.53 0.60 4.00 0.08 0.40 0.60 0.90 1.20 0.44 0.26 3.60 0.36 21.53 13.20 0.52 0.36 35.61 248.91
119 5 6,736 1,255 1,776 4,466 1,619 5,223 1,650 891 5,668 2,305 5,757 4,048 2,966 2,145 1,214 1,538 1,143 2,064 2,076 1,275 850 4,560 650 1,300 1,624 1,512 2,380 1,943 1,417 2,833 1,214 59,913 20,150 1,776 1,214 79,053 4,53,054
Source : Irrigation in Karnataka, 1999-2000, Irrigation Department, Government of Karnataka.
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Financial and potential progress of on-going Major and Medium Irrigation Projects
Financial (Rs. in crores) SI. No. 1 A I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. II. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Name of the Project Latest cost 3 Expenditure upto March 2000 4 Potential (in ha) Ultimate potential 5 Potentioal created upto March 2000 6
2 Krishna Basin Major projects Upper Krishna I & II Hippargi Ghataprabha III Malaprabha Bennithora Bhadra Tungabhadra LBC Tungabhadra RB HLC Dudhganga Markandeya Ramthal lift Bhima flow Bhima Lift Upper Tunga II Singatlur Total Major Medium Projects Amarja Lower Mullamari Hirehalla Maskinala F.C. to Ranikere Gandhorinala Itagi Sasalwad Upper Mullamari Basapur Hodirayanahalla Kagna Harinala
9,066.21 524.21 871.00 703.71 195.42 170 319.09 79.48 110.00 134.53 114.05 185.18 153.00 832.46 123.00 13,581.34 97.50 115.00 120.81 38.50 9.49 153.00 12.15 19.92 14.02 11.87 51.91 30.60 14,256.11
5,329.84 37.75 425.13 559.96 164.15 167.43 259.30 50.29 12.57 21.32 . 0.49 5.00 39.40 19.06 7,091.69 89.74 101.77 112.90 32.78 9.49 26.16 0.53 19.65 1.05 0.47 . 19.38 7.505.61
6,22,020 59,690 1,78,064 2,18,191 20,236 1,05,570 2,44,381 80,910 19,668 32.375 22,260 42.170 24.282 94,700 20.241 17,84,758 8,903 9,713 8,103 2,833 3,328 8,094 5,700 3,279 2,276 7,689 4,370 18,48,866
3,07,181 48,487 1,76,074 8,302 1,05,570 2,44,199 70,439 9,60,252 6,639 2,611 283 . 3,279 9,73,064
Total Medium
Agriculture and Allied activities 1 B. I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. II. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Cauvery Basin Major Project KRS Modernisation Harangi Hemavati Kabini D. Devaraj Urs Canal Yagachi Total Major Medium Projects Manchanabele Votehole Arkavati Chiklihole Iggalur Kamasamudra Hutchnakoplu Uduthorehalla Taraka Nanjapur Total Medium Total Cauvery Basin C. Godavari Basin I. 1. 2. D. Major Karanja Chulkinala 340.00 65.70 93.21 252.17 59.21 35,614 4,047 2,752 67.50 47.50 106.50 17.35 70.00 18.00 19.80 144.01 51.00 28.40 570.15 4,407.85 66.31 40.29 57.26 17.14 44.29 16.28 10.89 102.55 26.66 2.15 383.82 3,058.12 3,845 7,487 6,232 1,184 4,047 3,104 2,300 6,273 7,090 4,050 45.612 5,26,597 390.00 373.00 2,100.00 480.00 255.00 239.79 3.837.70 248.14 292.72 1,431.49 356.24 230.28 115.43 2.674.30 2,125 53.538 2,83,596 87,900 32,376 21,450 4.80.985 2 3 4
121 5
42,682 1,89,194 41,083 395 1,995 2.75,349 1,288 7,487 526 3,369 800 7,090 20.560 2,95,909
15,580 4,047 -
II. Medium 3. Manjara Lift Other Basins I. Major 1. Varahi II. Medium. 2. Mahadayi Total Major Total Medium Grand Total 180.76 17,881.54 1,518.89 19,400.43 10,039.44 856.95 10,896.39 21,37,059 1,16,519 12,51,181 33,372 122.50 21.28 15,702 -
24,33,578 12,84,553
Source Irrigation in Karnataka, 1999-2000, Irrigation Department, Government of Kamataka.
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HORTICULTURE Karnataka is a pioneer a State in horticultural development in the Country. Raibag (Bag!) in Belgaum District was famous for its orchards in historical times. Hukeri supplied flowers to Adilshahi Court. Lalbagh was raised at Bangalore by Haider Ali. As early as during the 7th century we hear of a guild of florists (Malekaras) at Badami. Agro-climatic conditions are favourable in the State for taking up of horticultural development activities. As a result, an increasing trend in recent years both in respect of area as also in the production is being witnessed. The department of horticulture provides equipments and technical guidance and supplies plant protection chemicals and improved varieties of seeds and imparts training to the persons engaged in horticultural activities. It is estimated that about 11.5 per cent of the total net cultivable area is occupied by horticultural crops. The importance of horticultural crops is recognised in dry land development, for developing green belts, in protecting the eco-system and improving the environmental conditions. Farmers are switching over to horticultural crops as they involve less labour and also withstand drought conditions. The Oil Palm project is being planned for implementation in five command areas. Priority has been given for drip irrigation. The department is maintaining 398 horticultural farms and nurseries spread all over the State covering an area of 7,076 ha. These farms and nurseries are serving as centres for demonstration of improved practices and propagation. The Area under important horticultural crops in Karnataka
Lakh ha Crop 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fruits Coconut Spices Vegetables Cashew Flowers 1997-98 3.15 4.94 5.61 2.59 0.67 0.20 1998-99 3.25 5.14 5.87 2.65 0.68 0.20
The Horticultural Producers Co-operative Marketing and Processing Society Ltd (HOPCOMS) were established in 1959 for organised marketing of fruits and vegetables in the co-operative sector. There are 15 district level co-operative societies and 25 commodity societies with a membership of 9,800 handling 100 tonnes of horticultural produce per day. Coffee Karnataka is the foremost coffee producing State in India. Coffee is said to have been introduced into Karnataka by Baba Budan, a Muslim saint in
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about 1670 A.D. from Ethiopia. The majority of coffee plantation is in Chikmagalur, Hassan and Kodagu districts and some in the Biligirirangana hills of Mysore district. The two principal species of coffee that are grown include Arabica and Robusta. There is now a growing interest to raise coffee in the Western Ghat region further in other districts like Shimoga, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada. The total area under coffee In Karnataka is about 1.26 lakh ha comprising 79,899 ha under Arabica and 46,464 ha under Robusta, The average yield per ha. of bearing area of Arabica and Robusta coffee in the State (Kg/ha) is 640 and 799 respectively. The number of coffee estates was 28,713 as per census of coffee estates in 1972-75. The same rose to 39,074 by 1999-2000. The details of planted area and production of coffee in Karnataka 1999-2000
District Area in hectares Arabica Chikmagalur Kodagu Hassan Mysore & others Total 57,730 25,887 25,640 800 1, 10,057 Robusta 23,088 53,980 5,005 0 Total 80,818 79,867 30,645 800 1,00,100 10.9OO 2,09,100 Production In MT Arabica 45,800* 32,300* 22,000 Robusta 31,900 71,600 5,500 Total 77,700 10,390 27,500
82,073 1,92,130
* including Mysore and other districts.
Table showing the pattern of the number of coffee holdings

Small holdings 0-2 ha 2-4 ha 4- 10 ha 27,109 6,580 4,160 Large holdings 10-20 ha 20-40 ha 40-60 ha 60-80 ha 80- 100 ha Above 100 ha Total 1,020 445 150 87 46 107 1,855
Total
37,849
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Livestock rearing plays a very vital role in rural economy in supplementing family income from agriculture and also providing employment. Farmers are dependent on animal husbandry activities to utilise agricultural by-products and crop residues to convert them into animal products with good returns. The Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas In historical times donated cows in thousands (gosahasra) and the gosasa stones are found in hundreds to commemorate this act. These cows were donated to villagers all over their empire to encourage animal husbandry. There was benne chavadi, a
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department to collect ghee at the Mysore Court. Haider Ali made efforts to promote Amritmahal bullock breed which were excellent draught animals. As per 1997 Livestock Census, the livestock and poultry population in the State is 285.52 lakhs and 187.55 lakhs respectively. The number of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and pigs were 10,248 4,126, 7,443, 4,452 and 347 thousands respectively. (See Page No. 22 & 23 for details). The spread of Veterinary services has resulted in the improvement of animal health. The State had a network of 3,638 Veterinary Institutions, comprising of 244 veterinary hospitals, 803 veterinary dispensaries, 2,018 primary veterinary centres, 400 artificial insemination centres and 73 mobile veterinary clinics during 1998-99. There were 6,577 attacks of various diseases resulting in 1,296 deaths. Vaccinations against outbreaks of various diseases were given to about-215 lakh animals. A total of 22 lakh artificial inseminations were done and 2.68 lakh calves were born. Cattle development is carried out mainly through artificial insemination technique. Frozen semen technology has been adopted. There are about 2,054 veterinary institutions providing artificial insemination facility to animals. Indigenous breeds such as Hallikar, Amritmahal, Khillari, Krishna Valley and Deoni are being improved by selective breeding. Livestock Farms There are eleven livestock farms under the control of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, of which some are composite in nature. Composite livestock farms are engaged in production of superior germ plasm, fodder seeds and imparting training to farmers. The details of livestock farms are given here. (1) State Livestock Breeding and Training Centre, Hesaraghatta - Jercy cattle breeding, bull-calf production, frozen semen production, farmers training, fodder and fodder seed production. (2) Livestock Breeding Farm, Hesaraghatta - Cross breeding and bull calf production, fodder development, Pig and Rabbit rearing. (3) Jercy Cattle Breeding Station, Kudige, Kodagu District - Jercy Cattle Breeding, bull- calf production, farmers training, fodder development and pig development. (4) Livestock Breeding farm, Koila, Dakshina Kannada District - Cross breed calf production, Surti buffalo production, fodder development, pig production and farmers training. (5) Hallikar Cattle Breeding Station, Kunikenahalli, Tumkur District - Hallikar Cattle Breeding, bull-calf production and distribution and fodder development.
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Livestock Census (Provisional Figures) 1997

District Bangalore Bangalore Rural Chitradurga Davanagere Kolar Shimoga Tumkur Bangalore Dvn. Belgaum Bijapur Bagalkot Dharwad Gadag Haveri Uttara Kannada Belgaum Dvn. Bellary Bidar Gulbarga Raichur Koppal Gulbarga Dvn. Chikmagalur Dakshina Kannada Udupi Hassan Kodagu Mandya Mysore Chamarajnagar Mysore Dvn. State Cattle 1,82,266 4,69,679 3,15,243 3,74,005 5,26,639 5,79,165 5,78,305 Buffaloes 25,711 92,855 1,64,498 2,17,038 1,47,359 2,08,003 2,59,622 Sheep 1,19,627 3,35,607 7,55,757 2,33,409 7,18,858 18,041 8,74,598 Goats 39,686 1,82,436 2,22,849 1,18,751 1,58,646 80,463 3,64,627 Pigs 6,881 6,000 7,463 4,212 29,609 3,030 19,836 77,031 30,457 29,242 19,092 5,435 5,650 2,822 2,356 95,054 19,895 12,195 24,561 10,430 8,739 75,820 11,403 18,266 1,634 9,179 42,198 11,418 3,145 1,645 98,888 3,46,793 Rabbit 1,110 495 166 352 713 529 1,343 Dogs 1,21,992 70,899 54,926 52,181 1,29,177 1,04,949 1,41,451
30.43.302 11,15,086 30,55,897 11,67,458 5,12,634 2,53,705 2,63,124 2,15,480 1,63,716 3,45,411 3,23,628 3,69,464 2,76,704 8,15,651 3,21,181 3,33,727 6,51.564 1,53,056 1,95,946 81,667 84,904 1,21,386 1,13,129 1,77,487 1,49,508 2,08,453 1,18,299 1,24,659 9,04,870 2,54,674 3,41,307 46,199 1,64,111 2,80,874 1,948 3,45,186 68,789 4,47,496 3,24,520 2,19,392 4,37,424 3,58,141 2,54,825 69,531 1,21,038 1,33,125 14,973 1,82,564 1,19,937 5,69,654 2,12,719 1,53,583
4,708 6,75,575 409 17 69 93 82 64 217 82 203 28 212 54 1,12,626 61,618 42,771 34,856 28,384 42,599 83,074 46,776 28,517 84,381 39,280 45,429
20.77.698 14,01,652 19,93,983 13,89,065
951 4,05,928
21.16,727 7,78,406 14,05,383 12,30,457 3,62,764 3,44,192 3,78,442 6,15,161 1,37,510 3,40,950 5,59,492 2,72,184 1,11,663 57,134 74,582 2,03,646 43,291 2,12,979 87,282 40,881 74,747 200 134 2,02,423 830 3,67,392 2,24,134 1,17,785 98,329 20,566 5,021 1,11,018 6,940 2,41,476 1,37,780 98,329
579 2,44,383 505 599 125 659 442 272 449 196 63,563 1,71,839 1,39,581 82,866 57,330 51,932 65,365 25,911
30,10,695 8,31,458 9,87,735 6,64,905 102,48,422 41,26,602 74,42,998 44,51,885
3,247 6,58,387 9,484 19,34,273
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Livestock Census (Provisional Figures) 1997

District Other Live stock Total Live Stock (OOOs) Bangalore Bangalore Rural Chitradurga Davanagere Kolar Shimoga Tumkur Bangalore Division Belgaum Bijapur Bagalkot Dharwad Gadag Haveri Uttara Kannada Belgaum Division Bellary Bidar Gulbarga Raichur Koppal Gulbarga Division Chikmagalur Dakshina Kannada Udupi Hassan Kodagu Mandya Mysore Chamarajnagar Mysore Division State 526 931 5,223 629 1,027 488 8,801 17,625 8,135 2,330 1,009 332 847 597 66 13,316 1,384 2,377 2,922 396 819 7.898 354 8 1,329 48 475 324 276 2,814 41,653 498 1,159 1,526 1,001 1,712 1,013 2,249 9,157 2,658 1,113 1,118 454 569 927 539 7,378 1,143 650 2,153 1,027 886 5,860 669 613 560 1,226 289 1,227 1,078 557 6.258 28,652 Total Poultry (OOOs) 1,402 1,284 305 317 1,023 857 876 6,065 918 422 365 309 186 362 555 3,118 1,287 539 735 257 668 3,486 353 1,159 994 760 333 1,078 1,253 186 6.116 18,786 4.231 19.380 77.314 86 95 15 202 51 191 259 97 226 495 447 827 363 627 1,150 314 1,386 152 144 2,470 830 4,672 3,012 1,970 123 123 166 182 32 1,138 600 385 309 571 3,125 1,364 3,367 3,034 2,141 479 124 99 87 53 88 88 760 282 378 433 236 694 415 4,064 2,002 1,87.6 2,071 1,772 1,352 167 Milk (OOOs) Tonnes 215 267 94 136 373 172 226 Egg (lakhs) 2,142 3,160 635 734 795 774 490 Meat (tonnes) 16,471 4,990 3,220 1,857 5,239 955 3,609
Production Production Production
Source : Annual Report 1999-2000 Department of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Services
127
(6) Amritmahal Cattle Breeding Station, Ajjampur, Chikmagalur District Amritmahal cattle Breeding, bull-calf production and distribution, Rabbit production and distribution and fodder development (7) Khillar Cattle Breeding Station, Bankapur, Haven District - Khillar Cattle Breeding, fodder development, bull-calf production and distribution. Rabbit production and distribution. (8) Jercy Cattle Breeding and Training centre, Dharwad UAS Campus - Jercy Cattle Breeding, bull-calf production, farmers training, fodder development and frozen semen production. (9) Buffaloes Breeding Farm, Tegur, Dharwad District - Surthi Buffalo breeding, bull-calf production and distribution, fodder production. (10)Livestock Breeding and Training Centre, Munirabad, Raichur District Jercy Cattle Breeding, fodder development, farmers training, frozen semen production and distribution. (11)Livestock Breeding and Training Centre, Karikuppi, Bellary District - Cross Breed bull-calf production, fodder production, fodder development and farmers training. There are six sheep breeding farms functioning in the State. The largest farm is located at Challakere where crossbred rams are produced. Deccani and Bandur breeds of sheep are crossed with Corrie dale and Rambulet rams. The six Sheep Breeding farms which were under the department at Dhangur, Challakere, Ulavarthy, Guttal, Anagawadi, and Suttatti have been transferred to the Sheep and Wool Development Board. Under the Central Wool development Board six carpet weaving centres are established at Kengeri, Kolar, Mulbagal, Ranebennur, Haveri and Ghataprabha. Under Zilla Pachayat control, seven Sheep and Wool Development Schemes at Malavalli, Nagamangala, Channarayapatna, Hosadurga, Hospet, Bijapur and Yadgir are functioning. Ten Sheep Breeders Associations are also functioning at Nagamangala, Krishnarajpet, Mysore, Channarayapatna, Ramanagaram, Tumkur, Doddaballapur, Kolar, Chitradurga and Ranebennur. There are 32 poultry institutions in the State the details of which are as follows: 1. The State Poultry Breeding and Training Centre at Hesaraghatta, Bangalore; 2. Three Regional Poultry Breeding and Training Centres at Malavalli, Gangavathi and Haveri ; 3. Eight District Poultry Rearing and Training centres at Gulbarga, Davanagere, Kudige, Bidar, Bijapur, Gundlupet, Mangalore and Kolar; 4. Thirteen Poultry Rearing centres at Tumkur, Shimoga, Raichur, Kumta, Kundapur, Chikmagalur, Ponnampet, Hassan, Ramanagaram, Tirumakudal Narasipur, Holenarsipura, Koila and Kurikuppe; 5. Five Intensive Poultry and Egg Marketing Centres at Bangalore, Mysore, Dharwad, Belgaum and Gulbarga are merged with Karnataka Cooperative Poultry Federation; 6. One Livestock
128
and Poultry Feeds Quality control wing at Bangalore and 7. One Registration and Hatcheries wing in Bangalore. Karnataka is the first State in the Country to bring Karnataka Poultry and Livestock Feed {Regulation of Manufacture and Sale) Order, 1987 under section-3 of Essential Commodities Act, 1955. This was given effect from 7th March 1988. All feed manufacturers and dealers should obtain the License for manufacture of feed for sale and distribution of Poultry and Livestock feeds. The quality feed should be as per standards specified by the Licensing Authority as per the advice of the expert committee. Karnataka Co-operative Poultry Federation at Bangalore is functioning since 1995. The five Intensive Poultry and Egg marketing centres have been transferred to this federation. During March 1988, 18 primary co-operative societies were sanctioned Rs 116.21 lakhs as share capital loan from the National Co-operative Development Corporation (NCDC). 44 primary co-operative societies are functioning under the control of the federation. The Swine breeding policy aims at usage of exotic breeds of pigs like Landrace and Yorkshire. There are three pig breeding stations functioning in the State for the development of piggery activities at Hessaraghatta in Bangalore District, Kudige in Kodagu District and Koila in Dakshina Kannada District. The demand for rabbit meat is mounting and to meet this demand, the department has started 9 rabbit breeding centres at Hessaraghatta, Ajjampur, Habbanaghatti, Sirsi, Kotekar, Kalasa, Bangarpet, Kudige and Bankapur. Foreign breeds from America and Russia are also introduced. These centres produce and supply rabbits to the interested rabbit rearing farmers. Fodder development programme is being implemented to meet the demand for feed and fodder. Intensive fodder cultivation has been taken up in all the livestock farms. These farms produce and supply root slips and fodder seeds to the needy farmers at nominal prices. During 1999-2000, 80 lakhs of root slips, 400 quintals of fodder seeds and 9,100 minikits were supplied to the farmers. The department is also implementing the Socio-economic programmes such as Special Component Plan, Tribal sub-plan and special livestock breeding programme for the upliftment of weaker sections of society. Dairy Development Dairy development activities under Operation Flood programme pertain to providing guaranteed and remunerative market to the rural milk producers and supply of hygienic milk and milk products to the Urban consumers. Karnataka Co-operative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (KMF) has been designated as implementing agency for Operation Flood Project. Financial assistance for capital investments in the district Milk Unions flows from National Dairy Development Board. The main objective of KMF is the co-ordination of various phases in production of milk and milk products like procurement,
129
processing, marketing and distribution. The technical input is provided by KMF through milk unions to the farmers of Dairy Co-operative societies. During the year 1993-94, 205 new dairy co-operative societies have been established and 45,353 farmers have been enrolled, thus bringing the total organised dairy co-operative societies and numbers enrolled to 6,611 and 12, 31,782 respectively. The production of milk (estimated) in the State during 1992-93 was 29.1 lakh tonnes. The total milk procured during 1992-93 was 4.01 lakh tonnes. Karnatakas per capita milk production was only 62.6 kgs as compared to 66.9 kg for the country as a whole. During the year 1998-99, 387 new dairy co-operative societies were established. The daily milk procurement was 20.4 lakh kg and the estimated milk production in the state was 42.31 lakh tonnes. The details of milk procured by Dairies are given here. Milk Procured by Dairies
( in thousand tonnes)
No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Location of the Dairy a)Bangalore Dairy b) Mother Dairy, Bangalore Mysore Mandya Product Dairy (Gejjalagere) Kudige (Kodagu)} Hassan Tumkur Dharwad Belgaum Gulbarga Shimoga Mangalore Bijapur Raichur Bellary Kolar Total 12 133 512 13 133 538 14 144 576 14 170 659 13 181 690 26 23 20 17 9 28 15 7 31 27 22 18 10 32 18 6 34 26 24 18 7 37 24 7 38 30 22 21 7 42 28 7 38 31 22 19 7 44 33 7 144 35 43 148 35 45 155 35 51 181 41 58 195 45 55 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01
Karnataka CO-Operative Milk Producers Federation Limited Source: Statistical Outline of Karnataka 2000-01, DES NO. 76/ 2004, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, 2004.
There are 13 Milk Unions, 15 Dairies, two product dairies, 3 cattle feed plants, one bull breeding farm, one frozen semen bank, 4 diagnostic laboratories, 3 liquid nitrogen plants and 4 training centres in the State during 1998-99.
130
Veterinary Institutions
(in Numbers) No. Category 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Veterinary Hospitals Veterinary Dispensaries Primary Veterinary Centres (Rural Veterinary Dispensaries) Veterinary Aid centres Mobile Veterinary Clinics Artificial Insemination Centres Total 2018 0 173 400 3638 2018 0 173 400 3638 2018 0 173 400 3638 1855 0 173 399 3773 1855 0 173 400 3774 1996-97 244 803 1997-98 244 803 1998-99 244 803 1999-00 2000-01 294 1052 294 1052
Source: Statistical Outline of Karnataka 2000-01, DES NO. 76/ 2004 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, 2004.
FISHERIES The State is having rich resources for fisheries development. About 27,000 sq km of continental shelf all along the 300 km coastal line and about 4.57 lakh ha. of inland water spread area offer immense scope for fisheries development. Apart from this, there are 8,000 ha of brackish water area available for the development of Shrimp Fisheries. Inland fishery resources consist of 4.15 lakh ha of tanks and ponds and 2.16 lakh ha of reservoir. In addition, it has 6,000 km of river length. Presently an area of 7,000 sq.km of continental shelf is being exploited by small mechanised boats. States mechanised fishing fleet has 2,471 shrimp trawlers, 327 purse-seiners and 1,639 mechanised gillnet units, including 11,500 traditional boats intensively operating in the inshore waters. The marine fish catches fluctuated between 1.2 to 2 lakh tonnes. Fisheries play an important role in the economy of the coastal districts of the State. Nearly 96,000 fishermen are engaged in fishing in the coastal districts. Less than half of the existing inland fishery potential is being utilised for fish production, mainly on account of shortage offish seed. Fish seed production during 1998-99 was around 140 million fry and average inland fish production was around 60,000 tonnes, Inland fish production 1,18,419 tonnes (199798) and marine fish production 1,60,627 tonnes (1997-98). Some of the Jilla Panchayats have taken up Inland Fisheries seriously as in Bangalore Rural district. Out of 8,000 ha of brackish water sources, about 4,200 ha are identified as suitable for prawn farming, about 2,500 ha of khar land and 1,000 ha of salt pans can be utilised for raising prawns. Brackish water Fish Farmers Development Agency with Central Government assistance has been established at Karwar during 1987 for the up gradation of technology for prawn and fish
131
farming. Eighteen fish farms, which were transferred to Karnataka Inland Fisheries Development Corporation to manage the seed farms on commercial lines and increase production, have been taken over by the department due to the closure of Corporation during 1990-91. Since 1982, and Integrated Fisheries Development project is in operation at Tadri, Uttara Kannada district, in collaboration with DANIDA. Among infrastructure development programmes, there are four fishing harbours viz., Karwar, Honavar, Tadri and Malpe and the Mangalore harbour is under construction. There are 24 fish landing centres in the State. The NCDC supported Reservoir Fisheries Development Project has been taken up for implementation in Mysore district, through the newly established Karnataka Inland Fisheries Federation. The Centrally-sponsored Fish Farmers Development Agencies are functioning in eight districts. The Department of Fisheries is implementing beneficiary oriented programmes like the National Seed Production Programme, Fisherman Welfare Scheme, Group Insurance Scheme, Tribal sub-plan, Special Component Plan, Distress Relief Fund etc, The Department is imparting training to rural youths in fishery activities at Krishnarajasagar and Bethamangala training centres. Export offish was of the order of 10,551 and 1,947 tonnes during 199798 and 1998-99 respectively. During 1991-92 among different States, Karnataka ranked seventh with six per cent of total fish catch in the Country. Development of Fisheries in the State
Particulars 1. Mechanised boats i) purse seines 357 3,040 2,666 107 484 2,241 2,742 1.90 3,11 360 3,385 2,506 67 492 3,299 3,837 1.61 2.79 1997-98 1998-99
ii) gill netters ill) shrimp trawlers iv) others 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Purse seine nets Capacity of ice plants in tons per day Capacity of storage Marine Fish production lakh tons Inland fish production lakh tons
132
Marine Fish Catch (Quantity in Hundred M.T and Value in Lakh Rupees)
No. Category Fish Catch 1 Prawns a) Quantity b) Value 2 Mackerals a) Quantity b) Value 3 Squids a) Quantity b) Value 4 Pomfrets a) Quantity b) Value 5 Seer Fish a) Quantity b) Value 6 Others a) Quantity b) Value 7 Total ( 1 to 6) a) Quantity b) Value 2228 23825 1833 23643 1606 21009 1657 23684 1779 24799 1515 10259 1423 11039 1165 9041 1237 10124 1472 11755 35 1707 33 1707 30 1401 29 1542 29 1629 54 2407 37 1963 23 1253 23 1375 26 1996 53 1701 74 2269 51 1630 92 3804 74 2530 506 4513 267 2972 290 5171 207 3014 116 2302 65 3238 65 3693 47 2513 69 3825 61 4587 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01
Fishing Industry 1. 2. 3. Fishing Yards (Nos) Fishing Nets (Nos) Fishing Boats (Nos) a) Mechanised b) Non-mechanised Fisheries Department Source: Statistical Outline of Karnataka 2000-01, DES NO. 76/ 2004, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, 2004. 6061 10600 6170 10583 6360 10600 6821 19088 7395 19006 28 25798 28 25859 28 27100 31 38710 31 38975
133
Fish Production ( in tonnes)

Year 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Directorate of Fisheries Source: Economic Survey 2003-2004, Government of Karnataka, Planning and Statistics Department, Bangalore, February 2004. Marine 180843 174193 174522 173750 217637 222779 190019 160627 165653 177907 128416 180161 Inland 64343 65704 74632 70287 87354 101654 120542 118419 126646 127468 121196 86262 Total 245186 239897 249154 244037 304991 324433 310561 279046 292299 305375 249612 266423
134
Classification of Total Geographical Area in Karnataka - 2001-02

(Area in Hectares) Classification of Area Total Geographical Forest Area Uncultivated Land Not Available for Cultivation Land put Barren & Cultivable Permanent Trees and to non Uncultivable Waste Pasture Groves Agri.uses Land 4 28832 91776 58084 69067 68603 22006 31284 24506 42639 51243 59805 38972 5 24810 4885 35663 44342 53477 19127 29059 21434 28322 25403 59084 20533 6 2035 4338 5806 12761 24839 19264 5502 7637 21510 21615 32791 9231 7 3429 5175 30623 24807 5472 13964 9575 22750 97761 88740 19350 19538 8 212 7617 21845 1201 3564 10720 1306 4741 21467 11317 32403 5048 Fallow Land Current Fallow Other Fallow Total Net Area Cropped sown Area Area sown more than once 13 38961 6673 37147 141627 67503 78587 81012
District
1 Bagalkote Bangalore (Urban) Bangalore (Rural) Belgaum Bellary Bidar Bijapur Chamarajanagar Chickmagalur Chitradurga Dakshina Kannada Davanagere
2 658877 217410 585431 1344382 813196 541765 1053471 569901 722075 770702 477149 597597
3 81046 3303 81268 190424 97017 27707 1977 275610 200485 73719 128476 89918
9 72428 15656 36772 266008 95293 29793 292158 35050 21386 49946 6451 39639
10 9966 2827 20328 7299 7025 26982 5685 24909 6041 26145 5091 9267
11 436119 81833 295042 728473 457906 372202 676925 153264 282464 422574 133698 365451
12 475080 88506 332189 870100 525409 450789 757937 203681 304264 489849 162238 436052
50417 21800 67275 28540 70601
1 Dharwad Gadag Gulbarga Hassan Haveri Kodagu Kolar Koppal Mandya Mysore Raichur Shimoga Tumkur Udupi Uttara Kannada Karnataka State
2 427329 465715 1610208 662602 485156 410775 779467 552495 498244 676382 835843 847784 1064755 356446 1024679 19049836
3 35235 32614 69089 58164 47454 134597 70324 29451 24765 62851 18167 276855 45177 99569 814718
4 21521 10237 67690 77989 31567 23691 73935 38870 60816 66934 20563 88213 83596 38616 34156
5 3985 11628 63122 30359 5793 31010 63172 16627 21551 45812 20084 13372 67539 11670 16237 788100
6 2669 1010 11802 16117 2989 11915 12540 2568 41955 21460 10712 17139 62642 33067 7356 423270
7 3571 2592 37409 33358 12395 17804 98928 14675 38188 55256 19816 165829 84922 10678 19446 956051
8 162 227 1792 6312 1919 32148 13491 210 3174 6866 13680 27096 20141 48591 4592 301842
9 20028 6718 170436 43497 31348 8578 87115 68925 37708 15945 164298 13450 86103 4202 9424 1728355
10 8762 7899
11 331396 392790
12 480267 442433
13 148871 49643 171812 43580 89420 1512 21472 76281 39281 103806 84271 28134 52476 27647 9909 1638258
20210 1168658 1340470 26369 5266 3921 9403 21199 23011 10315 46430 32734 39896 8415 10140 370437 346425 147111 350559 359970 247076 390943 522093 213096 574739 101638 108610 414017 435845 148623 372031 436251 286357 494749 606364 241230 627215 129285 118519
3069980 1325211
425535 10031492 11669750
Source: Annual Season and Crop Report 2001-02. DE&S.
135
136
District-wise Size Class-wise Number and Area of Operational Holdings according to Agriclutural Census 2000-2001 Unit : Holdings : Nos. Area : hects. Marginal District (below 1ha.) Number 1 Bagalkote Bangalore Urban Bangalore Rural Belgaum Bellary Bijapur Bidar Chamrajnagar Chitradurga Chikmagalur Dharwad Dakshin Kannada Davangere 2 49910 51316 191609 195868 80506 32498 53011 105851 82816 106163 22000 119330 106864 Area 3 29574 22949 87330 94563 42213 20854 31424 49263 46044 51736 13324 47170 55928 Number 4 64101 18005 65000 137896 66629 96910 87409 49609 77745 50697 38684 33039 73211 Area 5 95422 25255 91440 198301 97704 145852 125554 70021 112278 71518 57331 46330 103406 Small (1-2 ha.) Semi - Medium (2-4 ha.) Number 6 54090 9946 33241 102602 53485 99016 54818 19912 58415 26154 35017 14471 44353 Area 7 149722 26748 89324 281880 148399 270455 147052 52463 156950 70051 97333 39107 118965 Medium (4-10 ha.) Number 8 28532 3578 10992 53484 31076 61609 18983 4580 28965 10453 21780 5168 17267 Area 9 167071 20317 61415 312734 182845 370791 110412 25092 169187 60293 130593 29381 97719 Large (More than 10 ha.) Number 10 4262 411 1181 7858 5044 12221 2744 364 5466 2168 3684 599 2052 Area 11 60306 6481 17273 118199 72327 171984 36943 5450 82919 50371 51408 10457 28157 Number 12 200895 83256 302023 Area 13 502095 101750 346782 TOTAL
497708 1005677 236740 302254 216965 180316 253407 195635 121165 172607 243747 543488 979936 451385 202289
567378 303969 349989 172445 404175
1 Gadag Gulbarga Hassan Haveri Koppal Kolar Kodagu Mandya Mysore Raichur Shimoga Tumkur Uttar Kannada Udupi Total Category-wise Percentage
2 21830 112331 288279 57982 50077 234618 27088 391353 237060 74040 100070 203464 115714 140280 3251928
3 13689 66574 119167 32328 29789 108846 13498 135152 102917 44402 53597 96733 38637 44651
4 49777 191271 96314 71430 67309 91822 15932 71475 88763 93540 51518 107342 29329 24446
5 74466 281868 134317 103176 98114 128318 22141 98142 123754 136210 72119 153319 41137 34373 2741866
6 43240 158492 38623 46264 53891 43574 13214 24869 34971 73836 24226 71288 14730 12722 1259460
7 119584 435718 102810 124921 147073 117766 36579 65505 92605 202878 65217 195055 39775 34715 3428650
8 23226 73758 11362 16494 22804 15232 8330 4512 8826 37688 8906 32248 4645 4829 569327
9 137868 435001 63435 94225 132128 85854 49272 23961 48152 221184 50273 184964 25586 27519 3317272
10 3873 12956 1481 1910 3190 1806 2201 229 713 6126 1204 4831 328 568 89470
11 52974 180220 30399 27147 44031 27553 47333 3623 12332 84794 17552 71931 4404 10708
12 141946
13 398581
548808 1399381 436059 194080 197271 387052 66765 492438 370333 285230 185924 419173 164746 182845 450128 381797 451135 468337 168823 326383 379760 689468 258758 702002 149539 151966
1492352 1909203
1327276 7079388 12307416
45.94
12.13
26.97
22.28
17.79
27.86
8.04
26.95
1.26
10.78
100
100
137
138
District-wise Size Class-wise Number and Area of Operational Holdings according to Agriclutural Census 2000-2001 Area in Hectares Canals District 1
Bagalkote Bangalore (Urban) Bangalore (Rural) Belgaum Bellary Bidar Bijapur Chamarajanagar Chickmagalur Chitradurga Dakshina Kannada Davanagere Dharwad
Tanks Net Gross 3

57492 0 8427 96914 84301 81 0 14298 4914 8349 0 82523 10932
Wells Gross 5
693 3249
Tube/Borewells Net 7
25589 1469 12083 75238 11290 31676 93475 17799 1191 1791 25772 4654 241
Lift Irrigation(*) Other Sources (*) Gross Net 11

427 0 714 34156 13450 219 0 800 112 0 810 8296 0
Total Gross Net 15
Gross 2
57492 0 9134 96914 118072 81 0 14298 7385 8502 0 126710 12752
Net 4
Gross 8
47047 12286 30479 69285 41485 12681 14159 21254 7260 69445 4046 47947 11716
Net 9
39656 8207 24761 61947 32573 11959 13664 18461 5528 56240 4006 40652 9244
Gross 12
61540 0 108 79361 10278 1588 31289 0 6998 0 42892 730 8814
Net 13
6
28865 1557 14019 82950 17077 33104 98076 18572 1688 2417 27234 4798 341
10
427 0 714 41345 18639 224 0 800 112 0 849 10712 0
14
693 3471 18459 4002 5398 1059 5101 6204 9319 4987 1201 5839 412
58681 196064 182538 0 108 17314 72913 12925 61477
15384 4002 4438 1039 5101 5804 6983 4120 1183 4552 412
66348 373857 338605 7176 210949 153228 1558 48737 46532
30863 148625 143103 0 6355 0 40546 61128 32762 85351 76222 57162
25083 70500 72317
650 196736 141327 7494 34035 28323
Canals District 1
Gadag Gulbarga Hassan Haveri Kodagu Kolar Koppal Mandya Mysore Raichur Shimoga Tumkur Udupi Uttara Kannada Karnataka State
Tanks Net Gross 3

17662
Wells Gross 5
962 4007 28007 8049 122 17349 994 7591 10512 3249 53484 43392 2273 6456 243407
Tube/Borewells Net 7
3939 29670 2228 5219 7 16629 31761 10524 17427 20961 3406 16518 13722 5380 479659
Lift Irrigation(*) Other Sources (*) Gross Net 11

5311 234 102 15064 21 0 2731 468 500 5693 2410 0 843 386 92747
Gross 2
17662 141109 30230 0 3336 0 67254 107627 109258 150607 62733 5781 0 120 1147057
Net 4
Gross 8
20590 7436 22332 35846 0 73480 48130 4496 1100 2340 12737 96182 338 789 714886
Net 9
20260 5718 16633 28970 0 58192 24404 3353 675 1774 8811 77589 334 638 574249
Gross 12
2255 6044 5028 1750 441 0 136 1220 0 51 10683 0 18151 9312 298669
Net 13
2091
Total Net Gross 14

51073
6
4288 36050 3264 6428 7 20863 40105 13197 23830 22513 3904 18170 14467 5380 543164
10
5311 319 139 15558 21 0 2731 584 540 6591 2545 0 872 386 109419
15
50225
967 5471 30792 8327 122 19292 994 8879 15895 3841 57175 49000 2381 6505 275786
117660 28629 0 2415 0 34434 88241 97064 97492 46573 4951 0 120 903472
5518 196429 162807 4997 1573 435 91785 67909 3927 80596 58875 3000 92170 94460
0 113635 136 159350
956 136003 111133 0 150623 126178 30 185943 129199 8837 149777 123521 0 169133 142450 17859 9163 271374 36209 22492 3088981 35031 22143 2564908
(*) = includes Temporary Irrigation also
139
140
District-wise Number of Canals, Reservoirs, Tanks, Pumpsets, Wells and Lift Irrigation in Karnataka State Year: 2001-2002 Tanks District Canals Reservoirs Ayacut Ayacut of of 40 Ha. Less than TOTAL Electrical or more 40 Ha. 1 Bagalkote Bangalore (Urban) Bangalore (Rural) Belgaum Bellary Bidar Bijapur Chamarajanagar Chickmagalur Chitradurga Dakshina Kannada Davanagere Dharwad Gadag 2 2 0 6 9 13 2 0 8 2 3 0 4 2 1 3 0 0 3 4 3 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 4 29 71 184 135 38 42 55 77 92 168 2 52 74 19 5 15 581 1379 753 111 43 0 141 2159 137 909 359 1160 12 6 44 652 1563 888 149 85 55 218 2251 305 911 411 1234 31 7 61863 26732 91913 157135 36107 44616 63065 36336 29610 52074 48249 43490 11215 15713 Diesel Tube/ Other TOTAL Borewells wells for irrigation purpose 9 62800 26831 93187 159691 36230 44616 64222 36627 31052 52179 58858 43667 11487 15784 10 7642 25984 56244 17255 4378 6711 3329 20343 2040 19317 3002 19218 3720 3513 11 14879 7596 31099 57347 8329 20219 40582 12395 2467 12366 29783 6508 1113 5367 Pumpsets Well Lift irrigation
8 937 99 1274 2556 123 0 1157 291 1442 105 10609 177 272 71
12 19 0 467 2590 1186 6 12 4 23 107 504 1024 253 15
Tanks District Canals Reservoirs Ayacut Ayacut of of 40 Ha. Less than TOTAL Electrical or more 40 Ha.
Pumpsets
Well Tube/ Other TOTAL Borewells wells for irrigation purpose 9 40590 41317 29877 4113 126119 26350 25824 20641 19166 29059 130023 47897 31225 1309432 10 870 38202 16251 0 34940 4645 1501 645 532 9667 61973 342 263 362527 11 26623 3003 6007 123 59608 9568 10128 15351 10529 7547 50809 20888 5986 476220
Lift irrigation
Diesel
1 Gulbarga Hassan Haveri Kodagu Kolar Koppal Mandya Mysore Raichur Shimoga Tumkur Udupi Uttara Kannada State:
2 10 11 1 3 0 2 20 33 1 11 5 0 4 153
3 5 3 0 2 0 1 1 4 0 4 4 0 4 45
4 117 154 193 23 274 21 160 54 40 365 426 90 81 3036
5 304 5912 1601 1438 3024 33 469 935 257 5852 1216 123 2290 31213
6 421 6066 1794 1461 3298 54 629 989 297 6217 1642 213 2371
7 39304 40961 29805 3795 125362 26248 24873 20295 18866 26050 128289 42019 28462
8 1286 356 72 318 757 102 951 346 300 3009 1734 5878 2763 36985
12 38 39 155 9 0 21 174 27 542 2286 7 393 12 9913
34249 1272447
Source: Annual Season and Crop Report of 2001-02 of Directorate of Economics & Statistics.
141

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102

AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES

Agriculture and Allied activities

10,065.1 10,228.4 10.397.6 10,587.7 18,542.6 18,980.1

Source: Directorate of Economic and Statistics.

Agriculture and Allied activities

Agriculture and Allied activities

Area under Principal Crops

Agriculture and Allied activities

Production of Principal Crops (Thousand tonnes)

Yield per Hectare of Principal Crops (in kg per hectare)

10) Black gram

Agriculture and Allied activities

Agriculture and Allied activities

2491871 3120752 2547669

3162393 2642723 3270664 2564908 3088981

Agriculture and Allied activities

1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Medium Irrigation Projects Under the Control of Minor Irrigation

Bijapur Bagalkot Bijapur Bijapur Koppal Uttara Kannada

1957 1960 1961 1958 1971 1964

1,255 1,143 650 1,943 890 5,668

Source : Irrigation in Karnataka, 1999-2000, Irrigation Department, Government of Karnataka.

Source Irrigation in Karnataka, 1999-2000, Irrigation Department, Government of Kamataka.

Agriculture and Allied activities

* including Mysore and other districts.

Table showing the pattern of the number of coffee holdings

Agriculture and Allied activities

Livestock Census (Provisional Figures) 1997

20.77.698 14,01,652 19,93,983 13,89,065

30,10,695 8,31,458 9,87,735 6,64,905 102,48,422 41,26,602 74,42,998 44,51,885

3,247 6,58,387 9,484 19,34,273

Livestock Census (Provisional Figures) 1997

Production Production Production

Agriculture and Allied activities

Agriculture and Allied activities

Agriculture and Allied activities

Agriculture and Allied activities

Fish Production ( in tonnes)

Classification of Total Geographical Area in Karnataka - 2001-02

50417 21800 67275 28540 70601

Agriculture and Allied activities

425535 10031492 11669750

Source: Annual Season and Crop Report 2001-02. DE&S.

567378 303969 349989 172445 404175

Agriculture and Allied activities

1327276 7079388 12307416

Tanks Net Gross 3

Lift Irrigation(*) Other Sources (*) Gross Net 11

Total Gross Net 15

58681 196064 182538 0 108 17314 72913 12925 61477

66348 373857 338605 7176 210949 153228 1558 48737 46532

25083 70500 72317

650 196736 141327 7494 34035 28323

Agriculture and Allied activities

Tanks Net Gross 3

Lift Irrigation(*) Other Sources (*) Gross Net 11

Total Net Gross 14

0 113635 136 159350

(*) = includes Temporary Irrigation also

12 19 0 467 2590 1186 6 12 4 23 107 504 1024 253 15

Agriculture and Allied activities

4 117 154 193 23 274 21 160 54 40 365 426 90 81 3036

Lift Irrigation() Other Sources () Gross Net 11

Lift Irrigation() Other Sources () Gross Net 11