NCCI PN 001a - Stud Strength

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting (GB) Discuss me ...
NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB
Localized resource for UK
NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting

This NCCI gives rules for determining design resistance values for 19 mm headed shear studs on beams with transverse trapezoidal decking. The design values are based on values given in BS EN 1994-1-1, modified by a factor that has been derived from the analysis of experimental investigations involving beam tests and push tests.
Contents
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General Resistance values Example Commentary References
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1.
General
The design shear resistance of headed stud connectors used with profiled decking spanning perpendicular to the beam is given by BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.4.2 as that of a solid slab PRd multiplied by a reduction factor kt. The factor takes account of the geometry of the stud, the geometry of the decking, and the number of studs per trough; it was derived using an extensive body of evidence from push tests carried out over a long period of time and covering a wide range of parameters. Two equations are given in BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.3.1 for the resistance of a stud in a solid slab: for a failure governed by shearing of the steel (Equation (6.18)); and for a shear failure of the concrete (Equation (6.19)). The resistance PRd is the lesser of these two values. The expressions for design values of shear resistance in a solid slab in BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.3.1 include division by the partial factor V. The UK National Annex (clause NA.2.4) adopts the recommended value of V = 1.25 unless stud resistances given in noncontradictory complementary information would justify the use of an alternative value. Current practice, using modern trapezoidal decks, is to provide only a single layer of mesh and the position of that mesh does not comply with the requirement in BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.5.1 that there should be a clear distance of at least 30 mm above it and below the underside of the head of the stud. However, although not explicitly stated in BS EN 1994-1-1, it is believed that that detailing requirement should only be applied to solid slabs. (Indeed, its reference to lower reinforcement is meaningless for a composite slab, which usually has only a single layer of mesh.) Recently, beam tests and push tests have been carried out using these modern trapezoidal decks and a single layer of mesh reinforcement. Design values were determined for 19 mm diameter headed stud connectors with an as-welded height not less than 95 mm. As a result of the experimental work, modification factors which can be applied to the design resistance values given by BS EN 1994-1-1 have been derived for this situation; the modification factors may be applied to the values given by BS EN 1994-1-1 as an alternative to the modification of V that is permitted by the UK NA. The modified design values of resistance, determined using V = 1.25 give good agreement with values derived from testing.
2.
Resistance values
The design shear resistance of headed stud connectors in trapezoidal decking with ribs transverse to the beam may be calculated in accordance with BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.4.2, provided that the resistance value given by BS EN 1994-1-1, Equation (6.19) (i.e. the resistance of the concrete) is modified by use of a factor kmod given in Table 2.1. For these modified design resistances, the detailing does not need to comply with BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.5.1, The modification factor kmod may be applied when the following conditions are satisfied:
The height of the trapezoidal decking, as defined below, is not less than 35 mm nor
greater than 80 mm
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The height of the trapezoidal profile may be calculated excluding any small re-entrant
stiffener to the crest of the profile, provided that the width of the crest of the profile is not less than 110 mm and the stiffener does not exceed 15 mm in height and 55 mm in width.
The mean width of the troughs of the decking is not less than 100 mm The number of stud connectors in one rib at a beam intersection is not more than 2 The nominal diameter of the studs is 19 mm with an as welded height of at least
95 mm.
The ultimate strength of the studs fu should not be taken as greater than 450 N/mm The as welded height of the studs is at least 35 mm greater than the height of the
2
trapezoidal profile, as defined above

The nominal thickness of the trapezoidal profile sheeting is not less than 0.9 mm (bare
metal thickness 0.86 mm).

Where there is a single stud connector per trough, it should be placed in the central
position. If this is not possible, studs should be placed in the favourable position*. The resistance of studs in the favourable position may be assumed to be the same as that in the central position.
Where there are two studs per trough, they should both be placed in the central
position, or in the favourable position. Where this is not practical the studs may be staggered, one either side of the central position. The resistance of a pair of staggered studs may be assumed to be the equivalent of two central studs.
Table 2.1 Factor to apply to solid slab design shear resistance values derived from BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.3.1 Equation (6.19) using V = 1.25
Position of mesh1 Above the heads of the studs At least 10 mm below the heads of the studs Above the heads of the studs At least 10 mm below the heads of the studs kmod 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9
Number of studs per trough 1 1 2 2
Notes: 1 Positioning the mesh below the heads may have practical implications.
As defined by SCI advisory desk note AD 040, a favourable location is where the zone of concrete in compression in front of the stud is larger than that behind the stud. Page 3 of 7
3.
Example
For a 95 19 mm headed stud shear connector with fu = 450 N/mm through-deck welded into a 0.9 mm gauge transverse trapezoidal deck for which kt = kt,max, with a slab of C25/30 concrete and mesh above the heads of the studs: The resistance of a stud in a solid slab is given by BS EN 1994-1-1 as follows: Equation (6.18) gives: PRd
0.8 f u d 2 4
0.8 450 19 2 4 = 81.7 kN 1.25 0.29 1.0 19 2 25 31103 = = 73.7 kN 1.25
Equation (6.19) gives: PRd
0.29 d 2
f ck Ecm
For situations where this NCCI applies, the value given by Equation (6.19) should be multiplied by the appropriate kmod value from Table 2.1. Case (1): A single stud per trough, with the mesh positioned above the heads of the studs.
kmod = 1.0 and the resistance given by Equation (6.19) is modified, as follows. PRd = 73.7 x 1.0 = 73.7 kN The design resistance is then calculated using the minimum value from Equation 6.18 (81.7 kN) and the modified value from Equation 6.19 (73.7 kN), multiplied by kt. For a single stud per trough, kt = kt,max = 0.85 and thus the design resistance per stud in profiled steel sheeting is: PRd = 73.7 0.85 = 62.6 kN per stud Case (2) A pair of studs per trough, with the mesh positioned above the heads of the studs. kmod = 0.7 and the resistance given by Equation (6.19) is modified, as follows. PRd = 73.7 x 0.7 = 51.6 kN The design resistance is then calculated using the minimum from Equation (6.18) (81.7 kN) and the modified value from Equation (6.19) (51.6 kN), multiplied by kt. For a pair of studs per trough, kt = kt,max = 0.7 and thus the design resistance per stud in profiled steel sheeting is: PRd = 51.6 0.7 = 36.1 kN per stud
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4.
Commentary
It can be seen from Table 2.1 that placing mesh below the heads of a pair of studs gives a greater resistance. However, should the mesh be placed at this height in the slab, then additional (higher) mesh is likely to be needed to control cracking and/or to ensure adequate fire performance of the slab. Using the lower resistance value (i.e. that for mesh above the studs) would cover the risk of the mesh being placed at a different height on site from that assumed by the designer. It is interesting to consider what the factors given in Table 2.1 imply in terms of the group effect of shear studs. Using values for mesh above the studs as an example, they mean the combined resistance of two studs will only be marginally higher than that of one stud. The irrelevance of the number of studs per trough in terms of total resistance seems reasonable because the expected failure mode concerns a surface of concrete passing over the heads of the studs the number of studs enveloped by the failure surface has a relatively small influence on the area of the failure surface and hence the strength associated with this failure surface. This NCCI is intended for use with modern trapezoidal decking. In such situations, the general detailing rules given in BS EN 1994-1-1 must be complied with but the detailing rules in BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.5.1 do not need to be satisfied. The experimental evidence shows that adequate stud resistance and ductility can also be achieved with mesh at minimum cover, which is common practice in UK construction. Placing the mesh reinforcement below the head of the stud might enhance the stud resistance but might not be adequate for crack control. The research on which this guidance is based was conducted on test specimens that had studs in a favourable position in the ribs of the steel profile. For many decks, locating the studs in the centre of the ribs is not possible. In such circumstances, the studs should be placed in a favourable location. When using this NCCI the guidance on stud positioning given by BS EN 1994-1-1, 6.6.5.8(3) should be ignored. The factors given in Table 2.1 are the result of an extensive test programme that included both beam tests and push tests. The push tests were based on the standard BS EN 1994-1-1 recommendations except that a lateral load was applied to the concrete slabs. This load was intended to mimic the loading that would be present in a real beam situation. Its value was calibrated by comparison between push tests and load-slip curves that were determined by back analysis of the beam tests. The most significant impact of the presence of lateral load is to substantially increase the ductility of the shear connection so that the results of push tests are better aligned with the levels of ductility witnessed in beam tests.
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5.
1.
References
Hicks, S.J. Strength and ductility of headed stud connectors welded in modern profiled steel sheeting, The Structural Engineer, 15 May 2007. Simms, W.I. & Smith, A.L. Performance of headed stud shear connectors in profiled steel sheeting, Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Steel Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures, ASCCS, 2009. Smith, A.L. & Couchman, G.H. Strength and ductility of headed stud shear connectors in profiled steel sheeting, (submitted for publication in JCSR, 2009) Smith, A.L. & Couchman, G.H. Extended minimum degree of shear connection rules for high-ductility shear connectors, (In preparation, for submission to JCSR in 2010). AD 040, Positioning of shear connectors, Steel Construction Today, V3(3), June 1989
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Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE NCCI - Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting
Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Graham Couchman Andy Smith Ian Simms David Iles Graham Couchman Company The Steel Construction Institute The Steel Construction Institute The Steel Construction Institute The Steel Construction Institute Date 23/10/09
Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by:
12/01/10 13/1/10 27/1/10
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NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting (GB) Discuss me ...

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB

Localized resource for UK

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting

General Resistance values Example Commentary References

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB

trapezoidal profile, as defined above

metal thickness 0.86 mm).

Number of studs per trough 1 1 2 2

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB

0.8 450 19 2 4 = 81.7 kN 1.25 0.29 1.0 19 2 25 31103 = = 73.7 kN 1.25

Equation (6.19) gives: PRd

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB

NCCI: Resistance of headed stud shear connectors in transverse sheeting PN001a-GB

12/01/10 13/1/10 27/1/10

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