Dan Smoot Report 1963 Vol IX

THE
1983
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME IX 1963
Title Issue
The Fourteenth Amendment 1
Free China_! 2
Kefauver Medicine 3
Urban Renewal And A Soviet America
Part I 4
Urban Renewal And A Soviet America
Part II 5
How To Lose Friends 6
Alliance For Progress - - Part I 7
Alliance For Progress - - Part II 8
Deficit Financing Part I 9
Deficit Financing Part II 10
Kennedy's Tax Plan 11
Repeal The T ax And Stop The Plunder 12
United Nations 13
The Tragedy Of U. S. Membership
In The United Nations 14
United Nations In Africa 15
Wheat Referendum, 1963 16
The Story Of Laos 17
Date Page
Jan. 7 1
Jan. 14 9
Jan. 21 17
Jan. 28 25
Feb. 4 33
Feb. 11 41
Feb. 18 49
Feb. 25 57
Mar. 4 65
Mar. 11 73
Mar. 18 81
Mar. 25 89
Apr. 1 97
Apr. 8 105
Apr. 15 113
Apr. 22 121
Apr. 29 129
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Issue Date Page
Disar:a:ent Part I 18 May 6 137
Disar:a:ent Part II 19 May 13 145
Dis a r:a: ent Part III 20 May 20 153
First Roll Calls, 1963 21 May 27 161
Planned Dictatorship 22 Jun. 3 169
Truth Will Out 23 Jun. 10 177
Political Action For 1964 24 Jun. 17 185
Washington: The Model City 25 Jun. 24 193
Ci vii Rights Act Of 1963 26 Jui. 1 201
The A:erican Tragedy 27 Jui. 8 209
More Equal Than Equal 28 Jui. 15 217
The Edifice Of Liberty 29 Jui. 22 225
Confiscating The Land 30 Jui. 29 233
The Test Ban Treaty
31 Aug. 5 241
The Power Grid Sche:e
32 Aug. 12 249
A New Attack On The C onnall y
Reservation
33 Aug. 19 257
Second Roll Calls, 1963 34 Aug. 26 265
Stop Withholding
35 Sept. 2 273
Third Roll Calls. 1963 36 Sept. 9 281
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Issue Date Page
Darkness Is Descending On The Land 37 Sept. 16 289
Reorganizing For Stalemate 38 Sept. 23 297
McNamara's Commissars 39 Sept. 30 305
Whistling Past The Graveyard Of
Experience 40 Oct. 7 313
Trading With The Enemy 41 Oct. 14 321
Foreign Aid Is Killing America 42 Oct. 21 329
Lawless Government 43 Oct. 28 337
Mr. Stevenson Goes To Dallas 44 Nov. 4 345
Does The U. S. Oppose Communist
World Conquest? 45 Nov. 11 353
How Did Socialism Grow In The U. S. ? 46 Nov. 18 361
Socializing America 47 Nov. 25 369
The Assassination 48 Dec. 2 377
A Stranger In Their Midst 49 Dec. 9 385
The Hope Of The World
50 Dec. 16 393
The Idle Wind
51 Dec. 23 401
Fourth Roll Calls 52 Dec. 30 409
THE
III Smoot /epo,t
Vol. 9, No. 1 ( Broadcast 386)
January 7, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
he Fourteenth Amendment( l l to the Constitution of the United States ( proclaimed
ratifed in 1 8 6 8 ) was never legally adopted. Yet, this illegal appendage to our organic law
is the basis for contemporary court decisions and governmental practices which are shatter
ing the foundations of our free society.
Congress should resubmit the Fourteenth Amendment for legal ratifcation, or rejection.
I do not think we can restore the American constitutional Republic until the people compel
their Congress to take such action. Hence, in this Report, I ofer a brief review of the
incredible history of the Fourteenth Amendment, with examples of dangerous doctrines
and practices which have resulted.
Uut frst, one needs to understand the legal methods of amending the Constitution.
These methods are clearly specifed in Article V of our original Constitution, as adopted in
1 78 9. (
2
) The President and the federal courts have no role in the amendment process.
Congress has only a ministerial role. Congress may propose an Amendment on its own
initiative ( two-thirds of both houses desiring) . Congress must call a convention for pro
posing Amendments if two-thirds of all states demand such action. And Congress may
select one of two constitutionally prescribed methods by which the people in the individual
states can act on a proposed constitutional Amendment : Congress can require that the
people act through their state legislatures ; or Congress can require that the people act through
constitutional conventions. But Congress has no other authority in the Amendment process.
The power to amend the Constitution resides, exclusively, in the people of states in the
union who have an absolute right to reject, or accept, a proposed amendment, without
any kind of coercion from any branch or agency of the federal government.
THE DAN SMOOT REPORT, a magazine published every wek by The Dan Smoot Report, Inc., mailing
address P. O. Box 9538, lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 1-2303 ( Ofce Address
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2% sales tax on all orders originating in Texas for Texas delivery.
Copyright by Dan Smoot, 1963. Second class mail privilege authorized at Dallas, Texas.
No reproductions permitted.
Page 1
It is important to keep these facts in mind
while reviewing the history of the Fourteenth
Amendment.
History of the 14th
hroughout the War Between the States
( 1 8 6 1 - 1 8 6 5 ) , President Lincoln maintained
that the American union was indivisible ; that
the war was being fought, not to abolish slav
ery, but to suppress rebellion which threatened
to dismember the union; and that, once the
rebellion was suppressed, the union of all states
would exist exactly as before the hostilities.
On December 8 , 1 8. 6 3 , Lincoln formally
emphasized this doctrine by issuing a procla
mation, promising amnesty ( forgiveness ) to
people in the confederate states who would
swear an oath of allegiance to the Constitu
tion and to the union, and promise to obey
laws and proclamations abolishing slavery. At
that time, Charles Sumner of Massachusetts
( radical leader in the Senate) and Thaddeus
Stevens of Pennsylvania ( radical leader in the
House) wanted Lincoln to consider the south
ern states as territories or alien lands outside
the union, so that they could be treated as
conq uered provinces if the north won the
war. (3 )
Lincoln carefully refused to do this. Inas
much as the north won the war, Lincoln's
point was proven: the southern states never did
secede from the union: they merely tried to.
The day hostilities ended, therefore, the
southern states were constitutionally entitled
to their full representations and rights in the
national Congress. The federal government
could not legally lay down conditions for
"readmitting" the southern states, because,
according to the doctrine of Lincoln and the
decision of war, they had never left the union.
Ln January 3 1 , 1 8 6 5 , Congress submitted,
for approval of the states, a resolution propos
ing the 1 3 th Amendment to abolish slavery.
The proposal was submitted to four confed
erate states which already had post-war gov-
ernments recognized by Lincoln: Arkansas,
Virginia, Tennessee, and Louisiana.
On March 4, 1 8 6 5 , Congress adjourned
without having recognized the Lincoln
approved government of Louisiana.
On April 9, 1 8 6 5 , General Robert E. Lee
surrendered at Appomattox. President Lincoln
expressed gratitude that the "rebellion" had
come to an end at a time when Congress was
not in session to cause trouble, and said:
((If we are wise and discreet
,
we shall
reanimate the states and get their govern
ments in successful operation with order pre
vailing and the Union reestablished before
Congress comes together in December.
,
,
( 3)
Ln April 14, 1 8 6 5 , Lincoln was assassi
nated ; but, on May 2 9 , his successor
Andrew Johnson -issued a proclamation of
amnesty patterned on Lincoln's proclamation
of December, 1 8 6 3 . On the same day, Johnson
also issued a proclamation to carry out Lin
coln's plan of reconstruction. Johnson's proc
lamation set up a provisional government for
North Carolina, appointing a governor to call
a convention chosen by the people of the state
for the purpose of establishing a permanent
state government. The persons qualifed to
vote for delegates to this convention were those
who had been qualifed to vote prior to the
Civil War -and who had taken the required
oath of amnesty. (3)
By July 1 3 , 1 8 6 5 , President Johnson had
applied this "Lincoln formula" for reconstruc
tion to all remaining states in the confederacy.
Before Congress convened in December, 1 8 6 5 ,
all confederate states ( except Texas, which
delayed until the spring of 1 8 66) had thus
established legitimate governments. And, as
states, all ( except Mississippi and Texas ) had
ratified the 1 3 th Amendment, abolishing
slavery. (4)
When Congress convened in December,
1 8 6 5 , the radicals in control refused, however,
to seat Representatives and Senators from the
confederate states.
Thus, the Congress which convened in
Page 2
1
December, 1 8 6 5 , was an illegal Congress,
because it denied representation from states
constitutionally entitled to representation.
Ln April 9, 1 8 66, the illegal Congress
enacted the Civil Rights Bill ( over President
Johnson's veto) . To place this measure beyond
the danger of overthrow by the courts, or by
a subsequent, legal Congress, the radical Con
gress incorporated the essential provisions of
the Civil Rights Bill in a Resolution proposing
the Fourteenth Amendment. ( 5 )
The Resolution proposing the Fourteenth
Amendmen t passed the Senate on June 8 , 1 8 66,
by a vote of 3 3 to 1 1 , with 5 Senators not
voting. On June 1 3 , 1 8 66, the House took a
fnal vote on the Resolution: 1 2 0 representa
tives for the proposal, 3 2 opposed, and 3 2 not
voting.
This vote in the House did not meet the
constitutional requirement that a Resolution
proposing a constitutional amendment must
be approved by two-thirds of both Houses.
There were 1 8 4 Representatives in the illegal
Congress on June 1 3 , 1 8 66. (6) Two-thirds of
that number would have been 1 2 3 . Only 1 2 0
voted for the Resolution proposing the Four
teenth Amendment.
Nonetheless, the leadership of Congress
arbitrarily declared the Resolution enacted.
Congress submitted the Fourteenth Amend
ment proposal to all states for ratifcation
including the confederate states which had
been denied representation.
ennessee was the only confederate state
which voluntarily rati fied the Fourteenth
Amendment
.
The other ten confederate states
( Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Loui
siana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Caro
lina, Texas, and Virginia ) rejected it. Four
states outside the old confederacy also rejected
the Amendment : California, Delaware, Ken
tucky, and Maryland. Iowa did not ratify the
Fourteenth Amendment until April 3 , 1 8 68 ;
and Massachusetts did not ratify until March
2 0, 1 8 67.
Thus, by the frst of March, 1 8 67, only 2 1
of the then 3 7 states said to be in the union
had ratifed the proposed Fourteenth Amend
ment. (7) At least 2 8 states had to ratify, to meet
the constitutional requirement that amend
ments must be approved by three-fourths of
all states.
5o, on March 2 , 1 8 67, Congress passed the
Reconstruction Act, abolishing the govern
ments in the ten confederate states which had
rejected the Fourteenth Amendment. The Act
placed these ten states under military dictator
ship, requiring the commanding generals to
prepare the rolls of voters for conventions to
formulate governments acceptable to Congress.
Everyone who had served in the confederate
armed forces was denied the right to vote or
hold ofce -despite the presidential procla
mation of amnesty. Virtually the only persons
permitted to vote or to hold ofce were negroes,
southern scalawags, and carpetbaggers from
the north and from foreign countries. (3,4,
6) The
Reconstruction Act provided that when the
legislatures of these "reconstruction" govern
ments ratifed the Fourteenth Amendment,
the states would be admitted to the union
although the Constitution clearly provides
that only states already in the union can act on
Amendments, and gives Congress no authority
to coerce action on Amendments.
(
2
)
Iongress denied the southern states any
j udicial relief, by intimidating the Supreme
Court into silence -threatening to abolish
the Court's appellate jurisdiction, or to abolish
the Court itself, by constitutional amendment.
When Mississippi attempted to secure a
court injunction to prevent the President from
enforcing the unconstitutional Reconstruction
Act ( and when Georgia asked for an injunc
tion to keep Army ofcers from enforcing the
Act ) the Supreme Court refused to hear the
cases. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase said that
even if the Court heard the cases and granted
the i nj unctions, it could not enforce its
decrees. (8)
Page 3
resident Johnson called the Reconstruc
tion Act a bill of attainder against nine mil
lion people at once. ,,(8)
During debates in the Senate, over passage
of the Act, Senator Doolittle of Wisconsin,
condemning the radicals for what they were
doing, said:
HThe people of the South have rejected the
constitutional amendment [the 14th] , and
therefore we will march upon them and force
them to adopt it at the point of the bayonet,
and establish military power over them until
they do adopt it.
,,
(
8)
That is precisely what. happened: Army
bayonets escorted illiterate negroes and white
carpetbaggers to the polls, keeping most south
ern whites away. In Louisiana, an Army gen
eral even presided over the state legislature
which ratifed" the Fourteenth Amendment.
Uy July 20, 1 8 68 , Iowa and Massachusetts
had completed their ratifcations of the Four
teenth Amendment, and the legislatures of 6
"reconstructed" confederate states ( Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina,
South Carolina) had ratifed. These 8 new rati
fcations, plus the 2 1 which had been com
pleted before March, 1 8 67, made a total of 29
state ratifcations by July 20, 1 8 68 . But legis
lators of 2 northern states had changed their
minds.
Their sense of decency outraged by the
whole monstrous procedure, the legislators of
New Jersey ( on March 24, 1 8 6 8 ) and of Ohio
( on January 1 5 , 1 8 68 ) withdrew their for
mer ratifcations, and rejected the Fourteenth
Amendment.
Hence, there were still not enough ratifca
tions to adopt the Amendment. There had to
be 2 8 . There were only 27.
Ln July 20, 1 8 68 , Secretary of State Wil
liam H. Seward proclaimed that three-fourths
of the s tates had rati fied the Fourteenth
Amendment if the legislatures which rati
fed in the six confederate states were authen
tically organized, and if New Jersey and Ohio
were not allowed to rej ect the Amendment.
The radical Congress did not like Secretary
Seward's equivocation about legality.
On July 2 1 , 1 8 68 , Congress passed a j oint
resolution declaring the Fourteenth Amend
ment a valid part of the Constitution and
directing Seward to proclaim it as such. On
J ul y 2 8 , 1 8 68 , Secretary Seward certifed,
without reservation, that the Amendment was
a part of the Constitution. (3,5)
Stretchi ng the Amendment
reeuom of the slave race was, ostensibly,
the exclusive purpose of the framers of the
Fourteenth Amendment. Yet, as soon as the
Amendment was declared adopted, eforts were
made to use it as a weapon to destroy states
rights. Groups and individuals, who did not
like certain local or state laws, brought cases
into the federal courts, claiming that the Four
teenth Amendment gave the federal govern
ment authority to supervise the activities of
state and local governments.
In 1 8 7 3 , the Supreme Court heard the frst
case testing this doctrine, and held that the
Fourteenth Amendment did not authorize
federal intervention in state and local afairs.
The Court said that the real purpose of those
who made a claim of such federal authority
under the Fourteenth Amendment, "was to
centralize in the hands of the federal govern
ment powers hitherto exercised by the states. "
o foster s uch intentions , the Court
declared, would be
(\ 6 6 to constitute this Court a perpetual
censor upon all legislation of the States B q
with authority to nullify such as it did not
approve &
((The efect of so great a departure from
the structure and spirit of our institutions is
to fetter and degrade the State governments
by subjecting them to the control of Con
gress, in the exercise of powers, heretofore
universally conceded to them, of the most
ordinary and fundamental character.
HWe are convinced that no such results
'ere intended by the Congress, nor by the
legislatures which ratifed this Fourteenth
Amendment.
,,
( 5)
Page 4
hose who wanted to transform our fed
eral system into a centralized system ( by trans
ferring all rights of the states to the. central
government in Washington) kept badgering
the Supreme Court for a decision that the
Fourteenth Amendment did authorize the
federal government to regulate and supervise
state laws. The position of the Court on this
point began to weaken at the turn of the cen
tury; and, by the 1 9 3 0's, the Court had begun
to assume j urisdiction, under the Fourteenth
Amendment, to act as "censor upon . . . legis
lation of the states.
,
,(9)
But it was not until after Eisenhower
appointed Earl Warren Chief Justice, that the
Court began to assume power, under the Four
teenth Amendment, to do anything desired by
a majority of the nine justices.
1n the school segregation decision (Brown
versus Board of Education) which the \Varren
Court handed down on May 1 7, 1 9 5 4, Chief
Justice Warren said the Court had tried to
determine what the nation's legislators had in
mind in 1 8 6 6- 1 8 6 8 when the Fourteenth
Amendment was proposed and decl ared
rati fied -but had found the evidence
inconelusive.
Warren explained why the Court was on
uncertain ground in using the Fourteenth
Amendment as authority for a decision con
cerning public schools
.
He said:
((An additional reason for the inconclusive
nature of the Amendment's history, with
respect to segregated schools
,
is the status of
public education at that time. In the South,
the movement toward free common schools,
supported by general taxation, had not yet
taken hold . . . .
( (Even in the North
,
the conditions of pub
lic education did not approximate those exist
ing today . . . . compulsory school attendance
was virtually unknown.
HAs a consequence, it is not surprising that
there should be so little in the history of
the Fourteenth Amendment relating to its
intended efect on public education.
,,
(
1
O
)
In other words, the Fourteenth Amendment
did not have, and was not intended to have,
anything whatever to do with the question of
public schools.
his means -if we have constitutional
government-that neither the Supreme Court
nor any other agency of the federal govern
ment has a legal right to do anything about
public schools. The meaning of constitutional
government is that the government must be
bound by the contract -the Constitution
which created the government. If Supreme
Court j ustices ( or any other public ofcials ) ,
who are sworn to uphold the Constitution, can
change it at will by adding to its meaning, or
by reinterpretation, then we have no Consti
tution at all.
It does not matter that the ofcials may have
a good purpose in mind. It does not matter,
even if an overwhelming majority of the peo
ple may approve of what the ofcials are trying
to accomplish by changing the Constitution.
The Constitution is meaningless if the agents
who are hired to implement it and who are
solemnly bound to uphold, and stay within the
limits of, all its provisions, can change it to
suit themselves.
If the people want the agents of government
to do something which the contract of govern
ment does not authorize, then the people
should change the contract ( amend the Con
stitution by due process) in order to give of
cialdom the additional power and responsibility
which the people want it to have.
To let ofcialdom change the contract, is to
open the foodgates to unrestrained, unconsti
tutional, tyrannical government.
he Warren Court refused, however, to
be bound by the Constitution. Chief Justice
Warren said:
ttIn approaching this problem, we cannot
turn the clock back to 1868 [when the Four
teenth Amendment was proclaimed ratifed] .
. . . We must consider public education in the
light of its full development and its pres
ent place in American life throughout the
Nation. "
Warren concluded that segregation of white
and colored children in public schools has a
Page 5
detrimental efect upon the colored children,
saying the conclusion "is amply supported by
modern authority.
,
,
(
1
0)
In a footnote, Warren cited the modern
authorities whom he was relying on. He did
not cite any authorities on the Constitution,
or legal experts, or court decisions, or j udicial
precedents. He cited books written by racial
agitators : ( 1 ) K. B. Clark, a negro who was
hired by the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People and whose
evidence in the segregation cases was subse
quently proven false; ( 2 ) Theodore Brameld,
whose record in the House Committee on
Un-American Activities shows membership in
at least 1 0 communist organizations ; ( 3 ) E.
Franklin Frazier, who has 1 8 citations for con
nection with communist causes ; ( 4) Gunnar
Myrdal, a Swedish socialist who has served the
communist cause for many years and who ( in
the very book that Warren cited) has expressed
utter contempt for the Constitution of the
United States.
( l l )
o the old, false doctrine that the Four
teenth Amendment authorized the federal
courts to interfere with state and local laws,
the Supreme Court, in the Brown versus Board
of Education decision, added the doctrine that
the Fourteenth Amendment empowered the
Supreme Court to revise the Constitution itself
-for any purpose and on any authority which
the Court itself may proclaim.
Admitting that the Fourteenth Amendment
originally had no efect on the operation of
public schools, and citing pro-communist agi
tators as "authority" for concluding that the
Amendment should now be interpreted to have
such efect, Chief Justice Warren decided that
segregation in public schools violates the
"equal protection" clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment.
Wrong Breeds Wrong
he Court began immediately to use the
Brown versus Board of Education decision as
a precedent for other similar decisions. Upon
the illegal decision of May 1 7, 1 9 5 4, the Court
has erected an edifce of illegal decisions
an edifce which has become a legal Tower of
Babel. The "law of the land" has become what
ever a capricious Court claims it to be. We are
at the mercy of a j udicial oligarchy which,
today, can say that the Constitution and the
laws mean one thing, but tomorrow can
reverse itself and decide that they mean some
thing else.
Recent Court decisions ( if permitted to
stand) will shatter the foundations of our free
society.
Lonsider, for example, the James Monroe
Case. James Monroe, a negro, claimed that
Chicago police had violated his rights by
searching his home without a warrant. Illinois
law provides individuals with adequate oppor
tunity for relief if their rights are so abused.
But Monroe did not bring suit against Chicago
police in state courts. He brought action
directly in federal court.
On February 20, 1 9 6 1 , the Supreme Court,
in the Monroe Case, held that the Fourteenth
Amendment does give individuals the right
thus to by-pass state laws and state courts. It
was an 8 -to- 1 decision. The dissenter was J us
tice Frankfurter, who said the efect of the
Monroe Decision was to convert the United
States Constitution into a,
((law to regulate the quotidian [daily] busi
ness of every trafc policeman
,
every regis
trar of elections, every city inspector or inves
tigator, every clerk in every municipal licens
ing bureau in this country.
,,
(
12
)
1n Baker versus Carr ( March 26, 1 96 2 ) ,
the Supreme Court decided, in efect, that the
Fourteenth Amendment gives federal courts
j urisdiction to supervise the actions of state
legislatures in the apportionment and district
ing of states for purposes of state and local
elections. The Baker versus Carr decision
involved the apportionment and districting
laws of the State of Tennessee; but approxi
mately 2 6 other states were involved in similar
suits, or expected to be shortly. (
1
3
)
The Constitution makes no grant of power
to any branch of the federal government to
Page 6
interfere in any way with such matters. When
the federal government can make decisions
governing the composition and representation
of state legislatures, state governments become
branches and tools of the central authority.
The American system -a constitutional fed
eration of separate states -is destroyed.
Ln June 2 5 , 1 962, the Supreme Court
handed down the New York School Prayer
Case decision (Engel versus Vitale) , holding
that classroom recitation of an ofcial prayer
violated the "establishment clause" of the First
Amendment, as "reinforced by provisions of
the Fourteenth Amendment. "
In efect, the Court used the Fourteenth
Amendment to reverse the meaning of the
First Amendment. Whereas, the First Amend
ment prohibits the federal government from
interfering with the free exercise of religion,
the Supreme Court used the First Amendment
( as reinforced by the Fourteenth) as authority
to outlaw the free exercise of religion.
(
1
4)
What Can We Do?
he destructive efect of these Supreme
Court decisions ( and of other similar decisions
handed down since May 1 7, 1 9 5 4) will grow
and multiply.
The Constitution ( Article 3 , Section 2,
Clause 2) gives Congress complete authority
to limit, regulate, or even abolish the appellate
j urisdiction of the Supreme Court. (14) Congress
could, therefore, prohibit the Court from
accepting appeals in cases involving matters
which, by the clear terms of our Constitution,
are beyond federal j urisdiction.
(
15
)
The public should strive to elect a Congress
with the courage to take such action. But even
if this were done, we would still have the legal
chaos which illegal Supreme Court decisions
have already caused.
Eisenhower's invasion of Arkansas with
military force in 1 9 5 7, and Kennedy's occupa
tion of the city of Oxford, Mississippi, are
fruits of the Supreme Court's decision of May
1 7, 1 9 5 4. A frightful number of public school
systems in the United States have already elim-
inated all recognition of God in the classrooms,
as a result of the Supreme Court's New York
Prayer Case Decision.
The most fundamental of states rights
the right of representative government free of
outside interference and domination -has
already been abrogated in Tennessee by the
1 962 Baker versus Carr decision, and is threat
ened in 2 6 other states.
%i si nterpret a ti on of the Fourteenth
Amendment ( which is not a valid part of our
Constitution) has caused such legal confusion
as to render our system of constitutional law
almost meaningless -even if the courts were
restrained from further misinterpretations.
(
1
6
)
Obviously, we need to eliminate the Four
teenth Amendment and all the fruits of it : get
rid of the Amendment and nullify all court
decisions, executive actions, administrative
regulations, and laws based on it.
How? Technically, Congress, by simple leg
islative enactment, could proclaim the Amend
ment invalid and could declare null and void
all ofcial acts and decisions based on it. But
this would be dangerous procedure. It could
set a precedent which Congress might try to
use in eliminating a valid amendment to the
Constitution -thus creating even greater
confusion.
Moreover, spurious constitutional doctrine,
which the Fourteenth Amendment has already
inspired, renders infeasible the remedy of sim
ple legislative enactment. There is no possibil
ity that the present Supreme Court -basing
its usurpations of power on the Fourteenth
Amendment -would uphold a congressional
act abolishing the Amendment.
Congress could enact a Resolution proposing
repeal of the Fourteenth Amendment ; but this
would be tacit recognition that the Amend
ment is now legal.
The only proper and feasible remedy appears
to be a Resolution by Congress re-sub11itling
the Fourteenth Amendment to all state legis
latures for proper ratifcation or rejection.
In other words, this vital question should
be resolved not by some branch or agency of
Page 7
government, but by the people themselves,
acting through their state legislatures by due
constitutional process. If the people want the
Fourteenth Amendment and all that it has pro
duced, they could persuade three-fourths of
the state legislatures to ratify it legally.
I believe, however, that the people would
tell their state legislators to reject it. Large
numbers of Americans are coming to realize
that, unless the Fourteenth Amendment and
all its progeny are abolished, we will not ( no
matter what else we may do) restore constitu
tional government in the United States.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Here is the full text of the Fourteenth Amendment:
SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized In the United
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immu
nities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any
person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor
deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of
the laws.
( 2 )
( 3 )
(4)
( 5 )
( 6)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
and bounties for services i n suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall
not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall
assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred i n aid of insurrection
Or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or
emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims
shall be held iIlegal and void.
SECTION 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appro
pnate legislation, the provisions of this article.
Here is the current full text of Article V of the Constitution:
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shalI deem it
necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution or on the
Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the seerai States
shaIl call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in eithe:
Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Con
stitution, when ratifed by the Legislatures of three fourths of the
several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one
or the other Mode of Ratifcation may be proposed by the Congress;
ProVIded that [, "- *] no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived
of it's Sufrage in the Senate.
The Encyclopaedia Britamlica, Fourteenth Edition, Vol. 22, pp. 8 1 0 H.
Andrelll lohmoll: A Study II Courage, by Lloyd Paul Stryker, The
MacMillan Company, New York, 1 929, Chapter XXVI
The COllstitution of the United States of America: Analysis and
Interpretation: AmlotatiollS of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court
Of The Ulited States To jutle 30, 1952, Legislative Reference Service
of the Library of Congress, Senate Document No. 1 70 Government
Printing Ofce, 1 95 3 , pp. 61 4- 5,749-59,966-78
'
A Brochure 01 The 14th Amelldment, written and published by John
B. Mason, 3 57 East Wood, Raymondville, Texas, 1 95 6
The Fourteellth AmCldmellt To The COllstitutioll Of The U11ited
States, A Study, written and published by Walter E. Long, P. O. Box
1, Austin, Texas, 1 960
"The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment," by Walter J.
Suthon, Jr., Tulalle Law ReView, Vol. XVIII New Orleans Louisiana
December, 1 953, pp. 22-44
'
, ,
See Senate Document No. 1 70, cited in Note 5 , especialIy Pages 5 65
and 75 7. For brief history of the "constitutional revolution" which
has occurred in this century, see this Report, tt$upreme Court's
Prayer Decision," Parts I, II, III, and IV, especialIy Part III, dated
July 3 0, 1 962.
SECTION 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the
several States according to their respective numbers, counting the
whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed.
But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors
for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives
in Congress, the Executive and Judicial ofcers of a State, or the mem
bers of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabit
ants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the
United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in
rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be
reduced i n the proportion which the number of such male citizens
shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of
age in such State.
( 1 0 ) Segregatiol1 In The Public Schools: OpiniOll Of The Supreme Court
Of The Ulited States, Senate Document No. 1 25 , Government Print
ing Ofce, 1 95 4
SECTION 3 . No person shall be a Senator or Representative in
Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, Or hold any ofce,
civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who,
having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an
ofcer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature,
or as an executive or judicial ofcer of any State, to support the
Constitution of tht United States, shall have engaged in insurrection
or rebeIlion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies
t hereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House,
remove such disability.
SECTION 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States,
authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions
( 1 1 )
( 1 2 )
( 1 3 )
( 1 4)
(15)
( 1 6 )
WHO I S DAN
Senator James O. Eastland (Democrat, Mississippi ) , Chairman of
Senate Judiciary Committee and Internal Security Subcommittee,
speeches in COl/gressiollal Record, May 26, 1 95 5 , and September
26, 1 962
Editorial in The Durham Morllillg Herald, February 23, 1 961
COllgressiollal Quarterly Weekly Report, March 3 0, 1 962, pp. 496-9
For a detailed discussion of the New York Prayer Case decision and
of constitutional questions involved, see the four issues of this Report
mentioned in Footnote 9.
David Lawrence, "How to Reverse Court's Segregation Decision,"
San Francisco Call-Bulletill, September 1 9, 1 95 7
See also David Lawrence Editorials, U.S. NellS i World Report,
"Which 'Constitution'?", September 13, 1957, p. 128; "There Is No
'Fourteenth Amendment'!", September 27, 1 95 7, pp. 1 39- 1 40; "Ille
gality Breeds Illegality," October 4, 1 95 7, pp. 1 43-4; "Illegality
Breeds Illegality," October 8, 1962, pp. 1 23 -4; "Lawlessness," October
22, 1 962, pp. 107- 8
S MOOT ?
Dan Smoot was born in Missouri. Reared in Texas, he attended SMU in Dallas, taking BA and MA degrees
from that university in 1938 and 1940.
In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in the feld of American Civilization.
In 1942, he took leave of absence from Harvard in order to join the FBI. At the close of the war, he stayed
in the FBI, rather than return to Harvard.
He worked as an FBI Agent in all parts of the nation, handling all kinds of assignments. But for three and
half years, he worked exclusively on communist investigations in the industrial midwest. For two years following
that, he was on FBI headquarters staf in Washington, as an Administrative Assistant to
J
. Edgar Hoover.
After nine and a half years in the FBI, Smoot resigned to help start the Facts Forum movement in Dallas.
As the radio and television commentator for Facts Forum, Smoot, for almost four years spoke to a national audience
giving both sides of great controversial issues.
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his own independent program, in order to give only one side -the
side that uses fundamental American principles as a yardstick for measuring all important issues.
If you believe that Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for those who want to think and talk and write on
the side of freedom, you can help immensely by subscribing, and encouraging others to subscribe, to The Dan
Smoot Report.
Page 8
/
M
1(1 Smoot le,or'
Vol. 9, No. 2 Broadcast 388 January 1 4, 1963 Dallas
,
Texas
DAN SMOOT
FREE CHINA!
Ln October 1 6, 1 962, a Chinese communist invasion force of at least 1 0 0, 000 soldiers
struck at India's northeastern frontier. The Indians revealed themselves totally unprepared,
despite the fact that the communists had been concentrating troops and making border raids
in the high Himalayans for more than three years. Indian military equipment was old,
inadequate, and in short supply; and troop morale seemed non-existent. The communists met
virtually no resistance as they poured through mountain passes along a 1 400 mile front,
conquering thousands of square miles of Indian territory, moving,into position to threaten
the heartland of Indian agricultural, mineral, and industrial production.
On October 2 6, 1 9 62, Nehru proclaimed a state of national emergency and asked for
help. Nehru, an old friend of Khrushchev and an admirer of the Soviet Union, expected help
from that quarter ; but the Soviet Union announced that it lines up on the side of Red
China. ,,
(
l) The United States, however -whom Nehru has consistently criticized and
opposed on major international issues -responded immediately to Nehru's plea.
Ln December 9, 1 962 , W. Averell Harriman ( Assistant Secretary of State) said ( on
an ABC television program -Issues and Answers") that the Chinese invasion of India
is intensifying a growing split between communist Russia and communist China. When
asked whether the United States could do anything in the Indian afair to widen the split
Harriman said:
((I don't think we're clever enough to do that sort of thing."
And Harriman added that the United States would be foolish to say or do anything at this
point, which might tend to drive Moscow and Peking closer together. ( 2)
On December 1 0, 1 9 62, an Associated Press story from Washington(3 ) said the United
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 1-2303 ( Ofce Address
class mail $12.50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14.50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues: 1
copy for 25; 6 for $1.00; 50 for $5. 50; 100 for $10.00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 9
States had already rushed 1 5 million dollars
in emergency aid to India and was contemplat
ing
.
a one-billion-dollar military aid program,
whIch could last for years.
Si nister Paral l el s
hy are we giving this military aid to
India ? Because India is a friend? No. Ever
since India became a nation in 1 947, her gov
ernment has been far friendlier to the Soviet
Union than to us -despite our continuous,
massive economic aid to India.
Because we feel that our aid will widen the
alleged split between Soviet communists and
Chinese communists ? Obviously not. Harri
man's admission that the Kennedy Adminis
tration is not clever enough for that kind of
maneuver indicates that this is not the pur
pos e. Moreover , "the Sovi et Uni on ha s
announced that it lines up on the side of Red
China" in the Indian afair. ( 1 ) Will not our aid
to India, therefore, tend to close the alleged
rift between the Soviet and Chinese commu
nists ? How can we square this with the warn
ing of Harriman, and other top ofcials, that
the United States must not do or say anything
which might tend to close the rift?
Are we giving military aid to India, because
we really think this is an efective way to fght
communism in Asia? If our aid to India is based
on the expectation that India will make an
efective efort against communism, the expec
tation is quite ludicrous, as the whole history
of the Indian nation proves.
In a letter formally notifying the Indian
Ambassador in Washington of our willingness
to help, the State Department said that the
United States "is prepared to furnish assistance
to the Government of India for the purpose
of defense against the outright Chinese aggres
sion directed from Pekin
g
.
,,
(4)
here, then, is the purpose of our military
aid to India. Earlier in 1 962 , we forced the
pro-western government of Laos to surrender
to communism. Now we rush aid to help the
pro-communist government of India defend
itself against communism.
There is something odd here -and a great
deal that is disturbingly reminiscent of the
Korean si tua tion in 1 9 5 O.
êither India nor any other Asian nation
can be defended against communism, unless
the source and center of communist power in
Asia is destroyed, in China.
In the Korean war, American bombing of
enemy supply dumps and troop-concentration
centers across the Yalu River would have de
stroyed communist military power in Korea,
with little or no loss in American lives. Our
government would not permit our men thus
to defend themselves ; (5) but it was willing to
sacrifce the lives of some 5 3 , 000 Americans
to fght communists in Korea. (6)
With regard to India, our government
appears to have the same attitude. The State
Department's formal announcement of aid to
India makes it clear that the Kennedy Admin
istration entertains no thought of supporting
any efort against the heart of the octopus,
but will support inefective eforts against ten
tacles of the octopus. We will do nothing
against the center of communist power in
China; but we will help India defend itself
against "outright Chinese aggression, " in India.
This will give the Chinese communists fur
ther training and experience in combatting
American equipment and tactics, j ust as Korea
di d. And when we f ai l to achi eve our
announced objective in India -as we failed
in Korea -the Chinese communists can again
boast -as they did at the conclusion of the
Korean tragedy -that America is a paper
tiger which can roar but cannot fght.
Another sinister parallel is the Administra
tion's apparent attitude toward Chiang Kai
shek -who is, and has been for years, the key
to destroying communist power in Asia. There
Page 10
is abundant evidence that Chiang is willing,
ready, and able to end the communist threat
to all of Asia -by launching an invasion of
the mainl and and touching of shattering
revolt against the communists. But the Ameri
can government will not permit him to do
so. It was the same in Korea.
The Tragi c Story
he tragic story of China in the postwar
period, 1 94 5 -49, has been documented and
told many times. (7) Step by step, the American
State Department ( forcing Chiang Kai-shek
to stop fghting for "negotiations" when he
had communists on the run) helped negotiate
Chiang Kai-shek of the continent of Asia, and
into retreat and disgrace at Formosa.
Yet, even in the darkest hours, during the
frst year on Formosa, Chiang remained a seri
ous menace to the communists. Occupying
Formosa and all the ofshore islands between
Formosa and the mainland, Chiang practically
controlled shipping in the Formosa Strait.
Moreover, his presence on Formosa -just
ninety miles from the mainland -kept vast
numbers of communist soldiers tied down on
the coast, awaiting a dreadfully-feared inva
SIon.
Leneral James A. Van Fleet tells a story
about old Syngman Rhee, standing at the docks
weeping as he watched the frst boatload of
American boys land in South Korea, in 1 9 5 0.
He said America should not send her sons to
die in Asia's war. All that Syngman Rhee
wanted was material help from America -to
ofset what the communists were getting from
the Soviets. ( 5 )
Chiang Kai-shek also felt that Asians should
fght Asia's war. Chiang had the best-trained
and most experienced fghting force in Asia,
and he volunteered to send it to help South
Korea -either by fghting in Korea or by
striking at the heart of the trouble on the
Chinese mainland.
Truman refused Chiang's ofer of troops.
He also sent the American Seventh Fleet into
Chinese waters to neutralize Formosa -to
keep Chiang Kai-shek from trying to invade
the Chinese mainland while the war was going
on in Korea. (5) Of course, Truman also ordered
the Seventh Fleet to keep the communists from
invading Formosa ; but that was meaningless,
because the reds had no navy. Chiang Kai-shek
did have a navy of sorts -the one that got
him to Formosa in the frst place.
ithin a matter of weeks after our Sev
enth Fleet had thus neutralized the Formosa
Strait, the communists pulled some 2 5 0, 000
of their best soldiers out of defensive positions
on the China coast and sent them into battle
against Americans in Korea.
In doing so, however, the communists were
not daring to challenge American military
might. Through their espionage coverage in
the United Nations and in western capitals,
the communists had been assured that the
United Nations would not permit the United
States to strike back at communist China.
Our senior military commanders in Korea
-Generals MacArthur, Clark, Stratemeyer,
Van Fleet, Almond, Admiral Joy -have testi
fed that we could have won the Korean war
and destroyed communist power in Asia, with
out precipitating a general war and with fewer
casualties than it cost us to lose. (5 ) The com
munists won, however, with the same weapon
of "negotiation" which they had used against
Chiang in China.
Time and again in Korea, when American
forces had sustained heavy losses to beat back
a communist ofensive and have the reds at the
point of annihilation, we would stop our men
in order to have truce talks -just as George
Marshall had forced Chiang to do in China
fve years before. Each time, the communists
would use the truce talks as a cover for bring
ing up fresh forces and supplies for a surpnse
ofensive.
Page 1 1
bepublican politicians in the campaign of
1 9 5 2 promised to stop this betrayal of Ameri
can fghting men and to conclude the Korean
war honorably. As it turned out, the Eisen
hower Republican's notion of honor was to
accept armistice terms dictated by the com
munists, ( 5 ) who have been openly violating
their own armistice agreements since the day
they were signed -in mid July, 1 9 5 3 .
The Korean war infated Chinese communist
prestige throughout the world, and enabled
the communists to give their armies combat
training and build them into a menacing mili
tary force.
1n the winter of 1 9 5 4, the reds opened a
heavy artillery ofensive against Chiang's of
shore islands -threatening to take Formosa,
the Pescadores ( a group of islands near For
mosa) and all other nationalist-held islands
between Formosa and the mainland.
In January, 1 9 5 5 , President Eisenhower,
supported by a congressional resolution, prom
ised to use armed force if necessary to defend
Formosa; but, at the same time, he put pressure
on Chiang to abandon the Tachens group of
ofshore islands. There was abundant indica
tion in 1 9 5 5 that the Eisenhower Administra
tion was willing to make a deal with the com
munists -to let them have Chiang's impor
tant islands of Matsu and Quemoy, in return
for a communist promise to leave Formosa
and the Pescadores alone. (8) No such deal was
consummated, however, and the Formosan
crisis simmered and disappeared from world
notice -with the communists havipg gained
a few ofshore islands in the T achens group,
but Chiang still holding the key islands.
In the late summer of 1 9 5 8 , the crisis fared
again. Communists heavily shelled the ofshore
islands and threatened to take Quemoy and
Matsu Isl ands. This ti me, the Eisenhower
Administration was openly eager for Chiang
to abandon all ofshore islands, in return for a
communist promise to leave Formosa and the
Pescadores alone. Chiang fatly refused. The
communists were unable to accomplish any
thing by their own means ; and so, the For
mosan crisis of 1 9 5 8 simmered down and
trailed of again.
The Strong and the Weak
he communists' inability to keep their
boast about taking Quemoy and Matsu; and
the calm, gallant stand of Chiang's armed
forces and people were a severe blow to the
prestige and morale of the 'communists, a tre
mendous boost for free China.
In a speech to the National Assembly of the
Republic of China, on February 20, 1 9 60 ,
Chiang Kai-shek said:
We have in our hands the assurance of
victory. Once the hour strikes B and once
our armed forces and revolutionary uprisings'
on the mainland come together in a giant
pincer movement, we shall be able to win as
naturally as flood waters fowing down hill
form a big stream B B
HThe Chinese communists B are acting not
only as the jackal of Soviet Russia in bringing
harm to our people on the mainland, but
are also the root of all troubles of the world
today . . . . It has become clearer than ever that
only after we have recovered the Chinese
mainland . . . can communist totalitarianism
be uprooted in the East. And only thus can
world peace and the freedom . . . of mankind
be re-established B
However, we c annot ask any of the
friendly countries i n the free world to pro
vide us with military forces in our efort to
recover our own territory B B B I have always
been of the view that the defeat of the Chinese
communists and the deliverance of our main
land compatriots are a responsibility which
we alone should assume B B B
HThe hatred of people on the mainland
for the communists, the factional struggle
within the communist party, the severity of
the . . . purges . . . . all these facts indicate that
the Chinese communist regime has been shaken
to its very foundation and is heading toward
a total collapse . . . .
Page 12
((In terms of population and size of terri
tory, our task of national recovery would
seem to be that of the few against the many.
But . . . in terms of the loyalty of the people
and the morale of the armed forces, it is a case
of the strong against the weak. "(9)
Lhiang also warned the free world against
policies of fear and appeasement, saying:
((Some of the [ free-worl d] nations B B B
regard our holy mission of recovering the
mainland . . . as an act that will touch of
another world war. Their fear of the com
munists and their appeasing policy will even
tually plunge . . . mankind into the abyss of
a disastrous war. Herein lies the greatest dan
ger for the free world today.
,,
(9)
Present Situation
he November 1 9, 1 962, issue of U. S.
News & World Report published an article
entitled With Mao Attacking India -Time
to Unleash Chiang? " The article says Chiang
Kai-shek feels that the time has come ; and he
has his invasion force ready; but the United
States is dead set against his attacking the
mainland.
n a column published by The Wanderer,
on November 29, 1 9 62 , Dr. Robert Morris
speculated that communist China's attack on
India had an immediate two-fold purpose : ( 1 )
to dispel the growing image of red China as
a power about to collapse because of internal
economic troubles ; and ( 2 ) by this show of
force, to manipulate the United States into
a deal comparable to the one Kennedy made
with Khrushchev concerning Cuba : that is,
American acceptance of, and guarantee of
protection for, communist conquests already
made, in return for communist promises not
to be aggressive any more.
Dr. Morris recommended unleashing Chiang
Kai-shek at once. He said:
((We should allow Chiang Kai-shek to com
mence preparations to return to his homeland.
This would . . . . be making an army of fve
hundred thousand well-equipped troops, with
an air force, available to help India almost
immediately. It would take years to build up
such an outside force. And this force would
be operating behind the lines of battle on the
mainland and amidst the very vulnerable
Chinese communists B B 0 It would tend to nar
row the conflict by pitting Chinese against
Chinese.
HIt is hard to believe the reasoning that
aiding Indians will not run the risk of (esca
lating' the world struggle whereas aiding Free
Chinese ( with a claim of sovereignty to
China) will. There is a good possibility that
the Chinese people will welcome Chiang,
whereas they could, only with difculty, wel
come Nehru and the Indians. "
Lhao Fu, a security ofcer in the Chinese
communist Embassy at Stockholm, defected
and sought American political asylum. He was
brought to the United States in early Novem
ber, 1 9 62. On November 29, 1 962, Chao Fu
testifed ( through an interpreter) before the
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. Chao
Fu told of a recent document, issued by com
munist China's Foreign Minister, revealing that
the Chinese communists fear an invasion by
Chiang Kai-shek's forces. Chao Fu, a 27 -year
old former peasant from northeastern China,
said:
((Outstanding in my memory was the fear
expressed that if Chiang Kai-shek's troops
a ttacked at the same time as other enemies
like India, the Chinese communists would be
in a very critical situation . . . .
((I have left behind a wife and child who
may be tortured and killed as a result of my
escape. I have done this in the hope that I
may be able to help my people by telling the
world of the suferings they endure under
the communists.
((In my part of China, we seldom sufered
famine or disaster. We were poor peasants,
but were never hungry. Now, for 1 0 years,
my family has not been able to kill a single
pig. Conditions are even worse elsewhere. In
the desolate areas, there are great labor camps,
some of them with 1 5 0
,
000 prisoners in one
camp alone, where the people live worse than
animals. "( l O)
Page 13
n a new year's day speech ( January 1 ,
1 9 6 3 ) , Chiang Kai-shek told the free Chinese
to be "ready for actual combat duty at any
moment. " He urged the communist-enslaved
Chinese on the mainland,
tt . . . to give cover to underground move
ments, to support uprisings, to take the lead
in staging strikes on the farms, in factories
and in classrooms, to wreck communist com
munications lines, to set fre to communist
military stockpiles, and to respond to any mili
tary action against the communists whether
it is in the air, at sea, or on the ground. "
Warning the free world against the false
hope that there is a split between communist
Russia and communist China, Chiang said the
confict between Khrushchev and Mao T se
tung is merely a personal struggle for power :
ttIt does not portend any schism between
the Soviet Union and the Peiping regime, nor
does it represent a split between the two
Marxist-Leninist partners, who are still like
Siamese twins.
ttThis life-and-death struggle between
Khrushchev and Mao will surely end in Mao's
liquidation and surrender, for this is the
jungle law of communism . . . . Khrushchev.
. . . then will be able to & B use one quarter of
the world's population as his unlimited capital
to launch a global war. If the free world
should regard the personal conflict between
the two as a split in the communist bloc, and
take comfort in the hope that it may weaken
. . . international communism in its attempt
to communize the world . . . this will be the
most dangerous wishful thinking there is."
Chiang explained that the Chinese commu
nis t invasion of India is evidence not of
s trength but of weaknes s -of "i nt ernal
crises" goading the communists into "external
aggression. " He said:
ttThe Chinese communist regime . . . is the
most ferocious and bellicose [of all communist
regimes] B & a foe that the free world must
destroy. Tactically, however, it is . . . rotten
from the inside, the most isolated and the
weakest."
To all the people of China, free and com
munist enslaved, Chiang Kai-shek said, on the
frst day of 1 96 3 :
t tWe cannot aford to let such a fateful
opportunity slip from our grip . . . . Today Mao
Tse-tung and his gang, beset with internal
and external troubles, are doomed. Our people
as a whole, soldiers and civilians alike, includ
ing the ready-to-defect communist soldiers
and cadres, already have moved into positions
ready to close in on the communists from all
sides. Now is the time for all of us to efect
national recovery
. .
.
.
,,
( 1 1 )
The Ti me Is Now
uring the Korean war, we had a sturdy
ally in Syngman Rhee's South Korea. Rhee is
gone now -to the obvious delight of appeas
ers in the American State" Department ; and
now, though South Korea is still living on
American aid, it is doubtful whether that
country would be an asset to us, if we should
get ourselves involved in another far eastern
war with communism.
Chiang Kai-shek is the only strong anti
communist leader left in Asia. He has fought
communists longer than any other man alive.
Those who know him well say he is a devout
Christian and a great leader -his life dedi
cated to one purpose : rescuing his homeland
from the communists. He was 7 5 , on October
3 1 , 1 9 62. Although he is still vigorous, it is
obvious that his time is running out. If he is
held in check until it is too late for him to
accomplish his great purpose, it may then be
too late for China and all the rest of Asia.
he free Chinese on Formosa have been
living and building on the hope that they
will be permitted to move against the mainland
when the time is ripe. It is inconceivable that
the time will ever be riper than now. Since
Chiang retreated to Formosa, our aid to his
government has averaged about 270 million
dollars a year : 1 0 0 million in economic aid
( chiefy in the form of surplus agricultural
commodities ) ; and 1 70 million in military aid
( much of it equipment which United States
Defense Department ofcials consider obsoles
cent ) .
(12)
Page 1 4
Does it make sense for us to go on support
ing the free Chinese as American wards, while
prohibiting them from fghting the enemy we
are protecting them against? Ultimately, inev
itably, total war or total surrender will be the
outcome of such a policy.
5ome military authorities say that Formosa
is vital to our defenses. This is true if, by our
defenses, we mean the defense of Asia. If we
are going to continue shouldering the respon
sibility of defending Asia, fghting her wars
with our soldiers, we must anticipate that Asia
will become a limitless graveyard for our sons.
If that is the policy which we are determined
to continue, we should hold on to every base
and every piece of real estate we have anywhere
in the Pacifc, and acquIre some more -at
whatever the cost.
But why must we continue that policy?
Neither the military security nor the economic
prosperity of the American nation requires us
to defend any part of Asia ; and our govern
ment has no right to spend our money or the
lives of our sons for such purpose. Bankruptcy
and death await us if we do not disengage our-
W
selves from involvement in the political and
military afairs of the rest of the world, and
look to our own national defense.
Yet, our involvement with regard to China
has been sealed by the blood of 5 3 , 000 Ameri
cans who died at the hands of communists in
Korea, and by the demands of our national
honor. It is, at least, doubtful that China would
ever have been enslaved by communism, or
that the Korean war would ever have occurred,
if it had not been for communist-appeasement
policies which the American State Department
has followed since Roosevelt's frst wartime
conference with Stalin.
The current afair in India gives us an excel
lent -and, possibly our last -opportunity
to disengage ourselves in Asia, with honor.
f we would gather the military stores and
civilian supplies which we are now scattering
all over the far east ( to nations which will
never use them to fght communism) and
divert these supplies to Chiang Kai-shek, giv
ing him our blessing to move with his own
men in his own way to do the best he can to
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rescue his homeland, we most probably would
start an explosive disintegration of communist
power in Asia.
What if Chiang failed?
One thing we can be sure of: if there are
not enough Asians willing and able to fght for
their own freedom, with us giving the where
withal to fght, then Asia cannot be saved.
We had better fnd that out now, before we
blunder into another war that our sons will
have to fght.
he one remaining strong, determined
anti-communist leader in Asia says he wants
to fght. Why not let him?
Or is our post-war program of "strengthen
ing the free world to resist communism" a
frightful lie, intended only to hobble America,
and to destroy anti-communist countries like
Katanga ?
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FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) U.S. News ( Yorld Report, November 1 2 , 1 962, p. 62
(2) UPI Column by Stewart Hensley, Dallas Ti1les Herald, December
1 0, 1 962
( 3 ) Dallas Times Herald, December- 1 0, 1 962
( 4) State Department Press Release No. 679, November 1 4, 1 962
( 5 ) The Koreall War alld Related Matters, Report, Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee, Government Printing Ofce, 1 9 5 5
( 6 ) Statistics on American casualties i n Korea are widely disputed. Even
ofcial U.S. Government fgures are contradictory. The fgure of
53 ,000 American deaths in Korea was supplied by the late Alfred
Kohlberg.
( 7) America's Retreat from Victory, Joseph R. McCarthy, Devin-Adair
Company, New York, 1 9 5 1 ; The Cbilla Story, Freda Utley, Henry
Regnery Company, Chicago, 1 95 1 ; 'edemeyer Reports!, General
Albert C. Wedemeyer, Henry Holt & Company, New York, 1 9 5 8 ,
pp. 2 48 I.
(8) Speeches of Senators Joseph R. McCarthy and William E. Jenner,
United States Senate, May 9, 1 95 5
( 9) Chinese News Service press release, February 20, 1 960
( 1 0) "Red China Said to Fear Invasion, Revolt," Chicago Tribulle Press
Service story, Dallas Momill8 Nells, November 30, 1 962
( 1 1 ) Chinese News Service press release, January 1, 1 963
( 1 2 ) Article by Charles J. Murphy, Life, October 6, 1 961
WHO I S DAN S MOOT ?
of Doctor of Philosophy i n the feld of American Civilization.
He worked as an FBI Agent in all parts of the nation, handling all kinds of assignments. But for three and a
that, he was on FBI headquarters staf in Washington, as an Administrative Assistant to J. Edgar Hoover.
After nine and a half years in the FBI, Smoot resigned to help start the Facts Forum movement in Ddlas.
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his own i ndependent program, in order to give only one side -the
Smoot Report.
Page 16
M
1t1 Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 3 ( Broadcast 387 ) January 21 , 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
KE FAUVE R ME DI CI NE
he June 4, 1 962, issue of this Report -"King-Anderson Medicine" -reviewed the
plan to socialize the practice of medicine in the United States. This issue reviews the plan to
socialize the drug industry.
Background
Ln June 3 0, 1 9 0 6, President Theodore Roosevelt signed into law the Pure Food and Drug
Act -intended not to give the federal government authority to set standards for, and
exercise control over the drug industry, but merely to eliminate from interstate commerce
unwholesome foods and drugs. The Act established federal controls over the manufacture
of foods and drugs, only in federal territories and districts. ( I ) In short, the men who wrote and
sponsored the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1 90 6 recognized the constitutional limitations on
the powers of the federal government.
The socialist upheaval symbolized by Franklin D. Roosevelt brought a diferent breed of
men to the Congress of the United States.
In 1 9 3 3 ( the frst year of F. D. Roosevelt's Administration) , Senator Royal S. Copeland
( Democrat, New York) introduced a Bill which ignored constitutional restraints and
proposed to give an administrative agency of the federal government unconstitutional
authority to establish and enforce standards of identity and quality for foods, drugs, and
cosmetics produced anywhere in the United States. Congress rej ected the Copeland Bill
in 1 9 3 3 .
(
1
)
Within fve years, however, New Deal socialists had gained control of Congress. On
June 2 5 , 1 9 3 8 , Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act -which was virtually identical with the Copeland Bill rejected by Congress in 1 9 3 3 .
THE DAN SMOOT REPORT, a magazine published every week by The Dan Smoot Report, Inc., mailing
class mail $12.50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14. 50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues : 1
Page 17
Kefauver's I nvesti gation
Ln November 1 7, 1 9 5 8 , the American
Druggist ( a reputable professional j ournal )
warned that "a full scale inquiry into pricing
practices of the pharmaceutical industry is
planned in 1 9 5 9 by the Senate Antitrust Sub
committee. "
In the September 5 , 1 9 5 9, issue of Saturday
Review, John Lear ( Science Editor of the
Review) demanded a congressional investiga
tion of drug marketing, alleging that "rich and
powerful corporations" are "suddenly pos
sessed of the results of new scientifc research
discoveries but inexperienced in the delicate
ethics of physician-patient relationships. " Mr.
Lear recommended Medical Letter (a publica
tion for doctors ) as a competent authority in
the feld of drug marketing. At that time ( Sep
tember, 1 9 5 9 ) Arthur Kallett ( identifed as
a communist in 1 944 by the Special Com
mittee on Un-American Activities( 2 was
Managing Director of Medical Letter.
Ln December 7, 1 9 5 9, The Senate Judi
ciary Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee
( under the Chairmanship of Estes Kefauver -
Democrat, Tennessee) began public hearings
into the United States drug industry.
When the Kefauver subcommittee hearings
were televised ( December, 1 9 5 9 ) , the subcom
mittee presented Dr. Louis Lasagna as a major
witness against the drug industry. Dr. Lasagna
was a member of the Advisory Board of the
Medical Letter ( of which Arthur Kallett was
Managing Director) . In 1 942, Dr. Lasagna
served as Special Medical Advisor for Con
sumers Union, a communist front ( until
1 9 5 4 ( 3 founded by Arthur Kallett.
Dr. John M. Blair acted as chief economist
of the Kefauver subcommittee staf. Dr. Blair
is the author of Seeds of Destruction, a book
published in 1 9 3 8 , which claimed that private
capitalism is doomed, because it contains fun
damental weaknesses which are the seeds of
its own destruction. (4)
On February 8 , 1 960, Senator John Marshall
Butler ( Republican, Maryland) said:
( ( In reviewing all of the hearings and
reports by the Kefauver] Subcommittee, I
fail to fnd one iota of evidence that it has
made any serious attempt to perfect the anti
trust laws. Instead, its direction has been dom
inated by the economic theories of its chief
economist, Dr. John M. Blair.
,
) (
4)
Senator Butler quoted Dr. J. D. Glover ( of
Harvard University) as saying that Dr. Blair's
discussions were marked by pettifoggery and
eforts not to analyze the facts, but to handle
the data in such a way as to <make a case'
against big business.
,,
(
4)
The Drug I ndustry Act
Ln April 1 2, 1 9 6 1 , Senator Kefauver
introduced Senate Bill 1 5 5 2 which, he said,
was designed to efect lower drug prices by
infusing competition into the monopolistic"
drug industry. The Bill :
-Required federal licensing of all drug
manufacturers by the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare; to get a license, a
company must show that its pl ant meets
standards established by the Secretary;
-Required the Secretary of HEW to
establish generic names for new drugs, and
to change, at will, generic names of existing
drugs ;
-Required that the generic name of a
drug be as prominently displayed as the trade
name, in labeling and advertising;
-Empowered HEW' s Food and Drug
Administration to check drugs for efcacy as
well as safety;
-Amended the patent laws to provide that
only during the frst three years of a 17 -year
patent would the patent holder have exclu
sive rights to manufacture and sell its dis
covery. During the remaining 14 years, the
patent holder would be required to sell its
patented discovery to other licensed drug
frms ;
-Amended the patent laws to provide that
drug modifcations would be patented only
Page 18
if HEW determined the change signifcantly
enhanced the therapeutic efect;
-Made illegal the alloting and restricting
of patents by private agreement among pri
vate frms. ( 5)
Ln July 5 , 1 9 6 1 , Dr. Hugh H. Hussey,
Jr. , of the American Medical Association, said
that the medical and pharmaceutical profes
sions were better qualifed than government
employees to determine generic names and
efectiveness of drugs.
On December 7, 1 9 6 1 , Mr. Eugene N. Bees
ley, Chairman of the Board of the Pharma
ceutical Manufacturers Association; said the
Kefauver Bill would virtually destroy the
patent system, with respect to medicine.
On December 8 , 1 9 6 1 , Dr. Vannevar Bush,
Chairman of the Board of Merck and Com
pany, Inc. , said the patent provisions would
cause a reduction of drug research.
Dr. Theodore Klumpp, President of Win
throp Laboratories, said the Bill would cause
drug companies to eliminate expensive original
research, by encouraging them simply to copy
the products of other frms.
Ln April 1 0, 1 962, President Kennedy
urged favorable Senate action on the Kefauver
Bill. (6)
On July 1 9, 1 962, the Senate Judiciary
Committee reported the Kefauver Bill favor
ably, having reduced its scope in only one
maj or area: the Judi ci ary Committee had
removed provisions to amend the patent laws. (6)
he timing of the bureaucracy is often
brilliant. Note that the general, stated purpose
of the Kefauver Bill, when it was introduced
in April, 1 9 6 1 , was to protect the pocketbooks
of the people, not their health. But, in the
summer of 1 96 2 -about the time the Senate
Judiciary Committee reported the Kefauver
Bill -the nation's newspapers and magazines
were featuring stories about thalidomide, a
German-made tranquilizing drug which alleg
edly had caused malformation of many Euro
pean babies.
The case of a pregnant Arizona woman,
who had taken thalidomide which her hus
band had bought in London, made front-page
headlines for several days.
On August 1 , 1 9 62, President Kennedy, at
his press conference, announced that, because
of the thalidomide disaster, " he was recom
mending a 2 5 percent increase in the Food and
Drug Administration staf. The President said :
HIt is clear that to prevent even more ser
ious disasters from occurring in this country
in the future, additional legislative safeguards
are necessary.
,,
(7)
For a pregnant woman to discover that she
is bearing a malformed baby is, unquestion
ably, regrettable ; but for the President of the
United States to allude to it as a national dis
aster is a bit extreme. Moreover, since the drug
which caused the sad afair was made in Ger
many and sold in England, it is difcult to see
how an increase in the American bureaucracy
can do anything about the situation.
Ln August 2 3 , 1 9 62, the Senate unani
mousl y ( by a roll-call vote of 78 to 0 ) passed
Kefauver's Drug Industry Act. (8)
On September 27, 1 962, the House passed
a version of the same Bill. Diferences between
Senate Bill and House Bill were resolved in
conference ; and, on October 1 0, 1 962, Presi
dent Kennedy signed the Act into law. (9)
Consequences
here is no grant of power in our Con
stitution for the federal government to license
drug manufacturers, to set standards of pro
duction, or to dictate the naming of drugs.
Yet
,
the Drug Industry Act gives the Secretary
of Health, Education, and Welfare almost lim
itless power to control the drug industry in
Page 19
the United States. Under this law, the Secre
tary and his agents can:
-Invade the privacy of individuals and
business frms, to seize and examine papers,
records, and procedures, without warrants
or any other due process of law -in violation
of provisions of the Fourth Amendment ;
-Write their own laws ( that is, promul
gate regulations which have the force of law)
without even consulting or notifying the
elected members of Congress who, under the
Constitution, have the exclusive power to
make federal laws ;
-Administer and enforce their own laws,
investigate alleged violations, and prescribe
punish men t;
-Destroy any drug-manufacturing busi
ness frm that the Secretary does not like
( under the pretense that the frm is not meet
ing the standards which the Secretary sets ) ;
-Reward private frms that the Secretary
likes ( by giving their products the blessings of
the Department) ;
-Name new drugs, and re- name ol d
ones.
(9)
All of this was done for the purpose of
reducing drug prices. In the rigged and slanted
Kefauver Drug Industry Hearings, and in all
the propaganda which followed, there was no
proof of any specifc instance of harm to the
health of the people resulting from the absence
of the kind of governmental controls which
the Drug Industry Act provides.
Except for the President's ridiculous refer
ence to the thalidomide disaster" in his
August 1 press conference, there was little
efort to make a case for the Drug Industry
Act as being necessary to protect the public
from harmful drugs. The case for the Act
rested on Kefauver's claim that the law was
necessary to protect the public from high prices
charged by the "monopolistic" drug industry.
But note the following paragraph from an
article entitled The Truth About Drug
Prices, " i n the March 2 1 , 1 960, issue of U. S.
News & World Report:
The Kefauver Subcommittee made head
lines, early in its investigation by noting that
there were price markups of as much as 7
,
000
per cent between the cost of some drugs and
the price the buyer paid at the retail store.
These fgures, however, were based on the
cost of the raw materials and did not take
into account the normal business expense of
developing, manufacturing or marketing the
products . . . . wholesale prices of drugs as
measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
advanced 3 per cent between 1 948 and 1 9 5 8
at a time when wholesale prices of all indus

trial products went up 22 per cent. "
Jhere is truth in Kefauver's contention
that drug companies could charge less and still
make a reasonable proft. But only competition
in a free market -producers trying to sell,
and consumers making free choice about what
product they will buy -can sensibly set prices
and profts. When government gets a monopo
listic stranglehold on the drug industry, prices
are more likely to go up than down. Quality
and progress will inevitably decline.
When a governmental agency can make or
break a company ( by giving or withholding
its blessing) we will have drug companies
directing their primary efort not toward
research and development intended to outpace
competitors, but toward currying favor with
the all-powerful bureaucracy. We will have
in the drug industry, the same situation we
now have in the agricultural industry: waste,
stupidity, graft, corruption -a vast breeding
ground for promoters like Billie Sol Estes.
Indeed, the behavior of some leaders in the
drug industry in 1 9 62 indicate that they may
have been anticipating deals with the ruling
bureaucracy.
How else can you account for the fact that
many leaders of the drug industry in 1 9 62
kept a stony silence about the Drug Industry
Act while it was being debated in Congress
as if indiferent, or afraid to speak a word in
defense of their own?
Kefauver said he wanted to "infuse" com
petition into the drug industry; but Kefauver's
Page 20
Bill can eliminate most of the meaningful com
petition that did exist. When the full efect
of the Kefauver law is felt, the drug industry
in the United States will be in the hands of
a few maj or favorites of the Washington
bureaucracy. None will be struggling to out
pace the others, in research or in price-reduc
tion -because all will be operating exactly
alike, under "standards" set by the Secretary
of HEW.
Kefauver is right in saying that advertis
ing gives most of the drug business to the big
frms, because only large frms can aford the
expensive nationwide advertising and promo
tion programs which create mass sales ; but
there is nothing illegal or unethical or harmful
about this condition.
The national advertising by drug companies
no doubt creates more market than it cap
tures : that is, while advertising does make mas
sive sales for drugs of specifc brand names, it
also creates wider demand for products of the
same general type -thus bringing a gratui
tous beneft to small producers who cannot
advertise their own brands nationally.
The fact that small companies do not sell
as much as large companies, does not mean that
the small companies are oppressed or illegally
handicapped, or even damaged. Small com
panies, in competition with a score of big com
panies who get most of the national business,
are much better of than they would be if all
big drug companies were broken up into
a multitude of little ones, because then there
would be no big ones to pioneer in expensive
research or to conduct great advertising pro
grams which stimulate sales for products of
the whole industry.
Kefauver is right in saying that the expen
sive advertising of the drug industry is added
to the cost of drugs and is, thus, charged to
consumers. That is true of all advertising. But
Kefauver reveals profound ignorance of Amer
ican business when he implies that advertising
unnecessarily inflates the cost of consumer
goods.
Communists and socialists generally regard
advertising as a parasitic and wasteful activity
which increases the cost of consumer goods
without giving consumers commensurate bene
fts. The fact is that advertising is one of the
major reasons for the miracle of American
production: by creating mass markets for a
product, it makes the economy of mass pro
duction possible, thus drastically reducing the
cost of consumer goods.
If, for example, there were no mass market
for drugs ( which advertising has created) , all
drugs would be made in shops too small to
use the money-saving techniques of mass pro
duction. And the price of all drugs ( though
not "burdened" with advertising costs ) would
be much higher than now.
The Drug Industry Act requires drug com
panies, in advertising and labeling, to feature
prominently the generic name of drugs.
For example, Miltown ( produced by Wal
lace Laboratories ) and Equanil ( Wyety Lab
oratories ) are the trade names of a tranquil
izing drug whose generic name is meprobamate.
There could be smal l companies making
meproba mate under a t rade name qui te
unknown to the general public.
A general intent of the law is to encourage
doctors to use the generic name instead of the
trade name in prescribing such drugs. This
would help small companies making drugs
under little known trade names. But the end
result could be considerable damage to the
industry at large, and to the public.
A company could spend millions of dollars
on research to produce a new drug; but, when
it is ready to market, the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare could assign
the new drug a generic name which all com
panies could use. If all doctors used the generic
name in writing prescriptions, pharmacists
could buy the new drug from the company
Page 2 1
ofering the best price. This could very well
be a company which had no research costs at
all in the drug. Thus, the company develop
ing the new drug could sufer -and be dis
couraged from investing in further costly
research.
Mass I mmunization
Ln January 1 1 , 1 962,
the President, in his
State of the Union Message, said:
To take advantage of modern vaccination
achievements, I am proposing a mass immuni
zation program, aimed at the virtual elimina
tion of such ancient enemies of our children
as polio, diphtheria, whooping cough and
tetanus.
,,
(
l O
)
Congress obliged with an Act ( HR 1 0 5 4 1 ,
signed into law on October 2 3 , 1 96 2 ) , pro
viding 3 6 million tax dollars for the U. S. Sur
geon General to use in a massive program of
vaccinating Americans ( with government
purchased serums ) . The Constitution does not
authorize agents of the federal government to
practice medicine on the people.
Admi ni strative Law and
Hea I th Foods
Ln June 1 9, 1 962, the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare made one
more dangerous addition to the unconstitu
tional body of "administrative laws" -fed
eral regulations which are not enacted as laws
by our elected representatives but are merely
proclaimed as laws by appointed bureaucrats.
In essence, this HEW regulation prohibits
the makers of products generally known as
"health foods, " "vitamins, " and "dietary sup
plements" from putting on their labels any
nutrients not "recognized by competent
authorities as essential and of signifcant die
tary-supplement value in human nutrition. "
The regulation lists 1 2 vitamins and min
erals which the "competent authorities" con
sider essential.
( 1 1 )
The "competent authorities" are, of course,
bureaucrats in the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare.
The science of nutri tion is sti ll in i ts
infancy. New discoveries may at any time
expand the number of vitamins and nutrients
considered necessary to good health. But, under
this ukase of the Department of Health, Edu
cation, and Welfare, no progress in the devel
opment of heal t h foods and vi t ami ns i s
encouraged, except as authorized by the fed
eral bureaucrats. In fact, the new regulation
is so vague and broad that the clerks in Wash
ington could outlaw many health food prod
ucts already on the market.
Energetic enforcement of this regulation
would halt progress in this feld. There simply
can be no progress when the creative and pro
ductive eforts of men are controlled by
bureaucrats whose decisions can be infuenced
by politics, by personal laziness, and by per
sonal inclination to stay perpetually in well
worn ruts that are safe and easy.
F'reedom versus Soci al ism
T here must be controls on an industry
which vitally afects the health and welfare of
the whole people; but when government con
trols, it makes matters worse, because it gives
the power of decision to politicians and bureau
crats who cannot have as keen a sense of per
sonal responsibility as industry leaders must
have.
If the head of a drug frm makes a wrong
decision about the production, labeling, or
marketing of a drug, he could incur lawsuits,
and loss of reputation that might bankrupt his
frm and destroy something that he spent a
lifetime in building. If a Washington bureau
crat makes the same mistake, there is a good
possibility that the whole bureaucracy will, in
the interest of protecting itself, congeal and
conspire to hide the error. If the mistake can-
Page 22
not be hidden, the most that usually happens
to the bureaucrat is an ofcial reprimand which
may delay his next pay raise. In extreme cases,
he may be fred.
The only safe and efective control over
industry is the control of rigorous competition
in an economic system free of governmental
harassment and regulations. Competition for
the dollars of the .buying public compels pri
vate industry to strive relentlessly for better
products and lower prices. Bureaucratic and
political controls stife initiative and remove
incentive for progress -resulting, inevitably,
in shoddy products and higher prices.
Look at the record. Because it has been freer
than the drug industry anywhere else in the
world ( despite confscatory taxation and the
restrictions of the unconstitutional Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1 9 3 8 ) the
American drug industry has produced more
new drugs than the drug industries of all other
countries of the world put together.
( 1 2)
In the Soviet Union, the drug industry is in
precisely the status that liberals are preparing
for the American industry: it is totally con
trolled by government. And the drug industry
in the Soviet Union has not developed one new
drug product of consequence in 43 years of
total governmental control.
( 1 2)
Approximately two-thirds of all new drugs
prescribed by British doctors, since socialized
medicine came to England, were developed
by American drug companies. Prior to the
"nationalization" of medical care in England,
the English made outstanding contributions
in the felds of biochemistry and physiology,
generally, and in the development of "miracle
drugs" particularly ( penicillin, for example) .
Drug Control and Fl uoridation
Lne danger of the drug-control laws is
related to the senseless drive for fluoridation
of public water systems.
Mental - control drugs have already been
developed -drugs which increase the suscep
tibility of the mind to suggestions ; drugs which
pacify and make human beings tractable and
amenable to discipline. ( 1 3)
If power-hungry men who rule the nation
politically have the power to determine what
drugs the people should have, how those drugs
shall be named and labeled, and how they shall
be distributed and administered; and can even
have certain drugs administered to the whole
population by force, through use of public
water systems as a medium -who can fail to
foresee the potential consequences ? A party or
a clique could keep the public docile and main
tain themselves in power perpetually -by
ordering the right kind of dosage of the right
kind of drugs.
Drugs and Dishonesty
êws accounts of the Cuban prisoner
exchange deal at Chri s t mas t ime, 1 9 6 2 ,
revealed that it was Robert F. Kennedy, Attor
ney General, who "persuaded" American drug
companies to contribute the drugs, which con
stituted a substantial portion of the 5 3 million
dollars in ransom to Castro for release of pris
oners whom President Kennedy had betrayed
into Castro's hands at the Bay of Pigs in 1 9 6 1
( Robert Kennedy referred to this betrayal as
a "mistake" which his brother had made. ) .
(
1 4)
Robert Kennedy's persuasion included assur
ance that the drug companies would get tax
deductions for the drugs they contributed to
the cause of communism -deductions big
enough, in many cases, to pay much of the cost
of the drugs contributed.
( 1 5)
Yet, President Kennedy and Robert F. Ken
nedy emphatically deny that the U. S. govern
ment had anything to do with the Cuban
exchange deal.
Page 23
What to Do
The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1 9 06 went
as far as the federal government can legally go
to regulate Commerce" in the food and drug
industries ; and that Act is all that is necessary:
it gives the public as much efective legal pro
tection as possible against the movement of
unwholesome food and drugs in interstate
commerce.
The public should put enough pressure on
Congress to repeal the unconstitutional and
harmful laws in this feld -specifcally the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of
1 9 3 8 ; the Drug Industry Act of 1 962 ; and
the 1 9 62 law authorizing" the President's
Mass Immunization Program.
But the only way to prevent such legisla
tion from being enacted again, is to repeal the
income tax amendment and thus deny Wash
ington plunderers the unlimited tax revenues
which fnance the drive to socialize every seg
ment of our economy.
T he quickest way for the public to efect
repeal of the income tax is to support legisla-
tion ( like HR 1 1 492, introduced last year by
U. S. Representative Bruce Alger) to eliminate
the withholding tax.
Once withholding is eliminated, the Ameri
can people will come to an abrupt realization
of the crushing tax burden they are carrying.
The income tax would be repealed shortly
thereafter.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) The Encyclopedia America11a, Vol. XI, 1 96 1 , p. 82
( 2 ) House Re.ort 13 I I , Special Committee on UnAmerican Activities,
United States House of Representatives, Government Printing Ofce,
March 29, 1 944, p. 1 5 3
( 3 ) Consumers Union was cited as a communist front i n 1 944 (see
Fotnote 2 ) . This communist front citation was removed in 1 95 4
by the House Committee on Un-American Activities after reorgan
ization of Consumers Union; see Annual Report for 1 95 3 , House
Committee on Un-American Activities, Government Printing Ofce,
1 954.
( 4) U.S.A., April 8, 1 960, pp. 1 I.
( 5 ) , Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 1 961 , p. 291
(6) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, Jul y 27, 1 962, pp. 1 25 7 i.
( 7) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, August 3 , 1 962, p. 1 3 1 0
( 8 ) Congressiollal Qnarterl" \eekly Report, August 24, 1 962, p. 1 395
(9) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, October 1 2 , 1 962, pp.
1 899 f.
( 1 0 ) Congressional Quarterly WeeMy Report, January 1 2 , 1 962, p. 5 5
( 1 1 ) Federal Register, June 20, 1 962, p. 5 8 1 7
( 1 2) "Prescription Drug Industry Story," boklet, Baxter Laboratories,
Inc. , 1 961
( 1 3 ) "Scientist Finds Drug To Alter Substances Controlling Emotions;
Swede Suggests Chemical Could be Used in Mental Illness Or to
Control Minds of Men," article, Wall Street Joumal, 1 960
( 1 4) The Dallas MOTl/ing News, December 2 5 , 1 962, p. 1
( 1 5 ) U.S. News & World Report, December 3 1 , 1 962, p. 3 2
Smoot Report.
Page 24
M
I(I Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 4 ( Broadcast 389) January 28, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
URBAN RENEWAL AND A SOVI ET AMERI CA
PART I
1n 1 93 2, Toward Soviet America was published. { l ) It was written by William Z. Foster,
then national chairman of the communist party in the United States. In the book, Foster says :
CCNaturally, American Socialist industry will be operated upon the basis of a planned
economy q q q
c CA Socialist society without a planned economy is unthinkable, even as it is unthinkable
that a capitalist society should work on the basis of scientifc planning B B
cCThe [American] Soviet government will initiate at once a vast housing program. All
houses and other buildings will be socialized . . . . A great drive will be made to demolish
the present collection of miserable shacks and tenements and build homes ft for the
workers to live in. "(2)
Since this book was written in 1 9 3 2, the federal government has instituted many pro
grams which are completing Foster's schemes for a Soviet America. Federally fnanced
urban renewal is among the most vicious of these programs.
Authority for Urban Renewal
Uasic authority" for the federal government to fnance urban renewal is in Title I of
the Housing Act of 1 949 ( approved July 1 5 , 1 949 ) , which provides for federal aid in
slum clearance and redevelopment. The Housing Act of 1 9 5 4 ( approved August 2 , 1 9 5 4)
broadened the provisions of Title I, to include not only slum clearance but slum prevention.
The 1 9 5 4 Housing Act authorized federal aid for the rehabilitation of blighted and dete
riorating areas, the apparent purpose being to rejuvenate deteriorating areas before they
become slums.
All federal housing laws and all federal laws providing federal fnancing for housing
6441 Gaston Avenue) . Subscription rates: $10.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
class mail $12. 50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14.50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues : 1
Page 25
( including the FHA) are, of course, unconsti
tutional, because our Constitution makes no
grant of power for the federal government to
engage in such activity.
Even under the unconstitutional Housing
Act, however, the urban renewal program, as
we now know it, was not possible, because
urban renewal involves not only activities of
the federal government, but also elimination
of private property rights, at state and local
levels, in violation of the most ancient and
important concepts of human freedom.
About three months after the Housing Act
of 1 9 5 4 became law, a Supreme Court decision
opened the way for such elimination of private
property rights -which was necessary before
the urban renewal program could really get
under way. The decision involved an urban
renewal case in Washington, D. C.
Supreme Court Di ctum
\nder a 1 9 45 law providing for housing
and redevelopment in the District of Colum
bia, federal housing agencies selected an area
of Southwest Washington for urban renewal.
Some property in the area was run -down and
over-crowded. Some consisted of small business
establishments and modest, but respectable,
homes. The federal agencies condemned all
property, however, because even the clean and
respectable places were not as pretty as the
government ofcials wanted.
Owners of a small department store brought
suit in federal court to enjoin the condemna.
tion of their property. They contended that
their property was not a slum and that it was
not residential ; that their property was not
being taken for public use but was being
seized for resale to private purchasers for pri
vate development; and that the Fifth Amend
ment protected them from such seizure.
he case went to a three-judge Federal Dis
trict Court, which said:
HWe have the problem of the area which is
not a slum but which is out-of-date, called by
the Government blighted or deteriorated . . . .
t tWe are of opinion that the Congress, in
legislating for the District of Columbia, has
no power to authorize the seizure by eminent
domain of property for the sole purpose of
redeveloping the area according to its, or its
agents', judgment of what a well-developed,
well-balanced neighborhood would be . . . .
((The Government says that it has deter
mined that project area B in the case at bar is
an appropriate area for redevelopment, that
slums exist in that area, and that therefore it
may seize the title to all the land in the area
and, having replanned it, sell it to private per
sons for the building of row houses, apartment
houses, commercial establishments, etc. In
essence the claim is that if slums exist the
Government may seize, redevelop, and sell all
the property in any area it may select . . . . This
amounts to a claim on the part of the author
ities for unreviewable power to seize and sell
whole sections of the city.
HIt [project area B] covers about ffteen
square city blocks. It lies within a census tract
in which slum conditions are said to exist B
Its western boundary is an irregular line
which runs around lots, encompasses some
establishments along a street and excludes
others on the same side of the same street . . . . It
excludes certain properties, and under it, cer
tain other properties would be sold back to the
presen t owners or be retained by them. The
key to the [urban renewal] plan . . . is the
opinion of the Government authorities that
residential neighborhoods should be (well
balanced. ' . . .
HIn sum the purpose of the plan . . . is to
create a pleasant neighborhood . . . . The Gov
ernment is to determine what conditions are
pleasant . . . .
HOf course, the plan as pictured in the pro
spectus is attractive & & & It would be difcult
to think of a village, town or city in the United
States which a group of artists, architects and
builders could not improve vastly if they could
tear down the whole community and rebuild
the whole of it. But as yet the courts have not
come to call such pleasant accomplishments a
public purpose which validates Government
seizure of private property. The claim of
Government power for such purposes runs
squarely into the right of the individual to
own property and to use it as he pleases. Absent
impingement upon rights of others, and absent
public use of compelling public necessity for
the property, the individual's right is superior
to all rights of the Government and is impreg-
Page 26
nable to the eforts of Government to seize it.
. . . One man's land cannot be seized by the
Government and sold to another man merely
in order that the purchaser may build upon it
a better house or a house which better meets
the government's idea of what is appropriate
or well-designed. "(3)
The Supreme Court heard the case on
appeal ; and, on November 22, 1 9 5 4, the Court
( William O. Douglas writing the opinion)
said, in essence, that Congress, in the District
of Columbia, has unlimited authority to deter
mine what the public good is and unlimited
power to use any means whatever to achieve
that good. The Court said that state legislatures
have the same power over all communities in
their states. ( 3)
Urban renewal , as mass madness on a
national scale, was about ready to begin -but
not entirely ready.
Zoni ng Laws
Lity governments, before they can get tax
money from the federal treasury for urban
renewal projects, need zoning laws(4) "with
teeth in them" -that is, laws which give city
ofcials power to control the use of private real
estate : to determine which neighborhoods shall
be residential, what kind of houses are permit
ted, how they must be located on lots, how the
yards may be fenced; which neighborhoods
may have churches and apartment houses,
which ones may not ; which neighborhoods may
have business establishments, and what kind.
Unless city governments have zoning laws
giving them such power over private property
owners, they cannot design a "Workable Pro
gram" for an urban renewal project. "W ork
able Program" is a phrase of the Washington
bureaucracy. It means, an urban renewal proj
ect pleasing to federal housing ofcials.
Lven such powerful zoning laws do not,
however, give city governments all the power
they need for participation in urban renewal,
because, as stated before, urban renewal
involves elimination of private rights in real
estate. With zoning laws, city governments
can limit a man's freedom to use his property,
but they cannot take his property away from
him.
State Urban Renewal Laws
The November 2 2 , 1 9 5 4, Supreme Court
decision said that state legislatures could seize
private property at will, for any purpose which
the legislators claimed to be good. So, another
step was necessary in the removal of roadblocks
to a really massive, national urban renewal
program: state governments must pass on to
city governments limitless power to confscate
private property. That is, each state legislature
must pass an urban renewal law, "authorizing"
city governments to seize private real estate in
areas designated for urban renewal projects.
Emi nent Domai n
In any civilized society, there will arise
occasions when an individual owns property
that government needs for a public use that is
necessary to the welfare of the whole people.
Eminent Domain is the power of government
to force individuals, on such occasions, to sell
the property, at a fair price, to the govern
ment, for the necessary public use.
This is not a constitutionally granted power,
but is, rather, a power implicit in the formation
of government. In the American system, emi
nent domain should be exercised only by state
and local governments, except in time of
actual, congressionally -declared war.
It is in the nature of human beings that men
in governing positions try to govern: they try
to use their power to make the governed people
do what is considered good for them. When
schemes for promoting general welfare fail to
accomplish all that was promised, governing
ofcials instinctively say the failure resulted
from too little power in their hands : their pro
grams would have succeeded if they had had
Page 27
more power. So, they reach for the power they
say they need for the successful promotion of
general welfare.
There always has been this confict between
government and the people who are governed
-no matter what kind of government it is :
all governments are always reaching for more
power so that they can do to and for the people
what government thinks good for the people.
In a nation where people love freedom;
where they know the truth, that all govern
ments will become tyrannical if permitted;
where they consider the rights of individuals
as sacred; and where they have the character
to fght for the freedom they cherish -people
will habitually resist every act of government
that is an encroachment upon the sacred rights
of individuals. They will resist so consistently
and noisily that, in every instance, government
will have to prove its case before violating citi
zens' rights : government will have to prove
that the public need" is so great and self-evi
dent that all reasonable men concede the neces
sity, in this one instance, of sacrifcing indi
vidual rights for the good of the whole people.
hen government reaches for more power
in order to do things for the public good, "
there are always special interests and individu
als who stand to proft from the proposed gov
ernmental activity. These j oin the politicians
in propagandizing the urgent public need"
that is to be served. Their propaganda is rein
forced by legions of dreamers who imagine that
political and economic power concentrated in
the hands of governmental ofcials can wipe
out all human ugliness and create heaven on
earth. This combination of forces is frequently
powerful enough to make any individual resist
ance of illegitimate governmental power look
like the action of a crackpot or scoundrel.
Since the beginning of our national life,
therefore, there have been abuses of eminent
domain. But, for many years, each abuse was
an isolated case, which could not be used as a
precedent, or authority, " for other abuses.
Indeed, public resistance to governmental
action which encroached upon individual
rights was, for a long time, so wholesomely
habitual in the United States that state and
local governments generally had extreme dif
culty in exercising eminent domain even when
the public use to be served seemed obviously
necessary.
In short, America was a nation where the
awesome power of eminent domain was held
in reasonable check by a people who knew that
the right to be secure in the ownership and use
of private property is essential to the life of a
free man; who knew that, without the right
to own and use property, a man has no means
of providing the necessities of life, except as
the governing power permits him -who knew
that a government which can take your prop
erty can take your life.
The Bi g Job to Do
or urban renewal, a city government
seizes one man's property; uses tax money to
enhance its value; and then sells it to another
man, for considerably less than was given to
the man from whom it was confscated. The
buyer can then get tax money to develop the
property for his own private, proftable use,
provided only that he build something the of
cial planners like.
The man from whom the property was
seized may be grievously hurt ; the man who
bought it a reduced price, to redevelop, with
tax money, for his own use, profts greatly;
and his profts are made possible, in part, by
taxes imposed on the man forced to sell in the
frst place. But no matter ; and no matter
whether the fnished project pleases the people
who live and work in it -and whose taxes
help pay for it : this is urban renewal.
If it was traditionally difcult for city gov
ernments to seize an occasional piece of private
property for necessary public use, even when
the public need was obvious and urgent, how
could Americans ever be led to accept urban
renewal ? Urban renewal requires seizures of
all private property in large areas ( at whatever
the cost in tax money) and causes the uproot-
Page 28
ing of entire commulltles of families and
established businesses ( at whatever the cost in
heart break and fi nanci al l os s for thos e
uprooted) for no public need at all -unless
one considers it a public need to tear down and
rebuild whole sections of a city in order to
please public planning ofcials !
How could Americans be persuaded to toler
ate such a program, and pay for it with their
tax money?
I t took a lot of doing. This was a propa
ganda bombardment j ob which required the
heaviest artillery. And that is what was used.
The invisible government did the job with
professional thoroughness.
The I nvisi bl e Government
he invisible government i s a group of
powerful, widely respected, and, for the most
part, very wealthy individuals who support,
work through, and control a bewildering net
wor k of tax -exempt organiza tions. The primary
sources of revenue for all the organizations
are the big tax-exempt foundations -mainly
Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Ford -though all
are also fnanced, to some degree, by business
frms which proft from the governmental pol
icies which the network fosters.
The controlling center of this network is the
Council on Foreign Relations, whose key mem
bers hold memberships in related and subsidiary
organizations, and occupy influential positions
in government, in foundations, in educational
institutions, in the communications industry,
in fnance.
These individuals form an elite group who
set the policies of the federal government ; and,
through a vast, interlocking combine of edu
cational and opinion-forming agencies, they
infuence or control the propaganda which per
suades Congress and the public to accept the
policies.
his is the team which undertook the job
of bombarding the nation with enough propa
ganda to sell" urban renewal.
In the summer of 1 9 5 4, Congress enacted
the necessary law ( Housing Act of 1 9 5 4 ) to
provide tax money for urban renewal out of
the national treasury. In November, 1 9 5 4, the
Supreme Court handed down a decision which
would give all urban renewal laws and direc
tives the odor of legal sanctity.
The invisible government assumed the j ob
of selling urban renewal to local and state gov
ernments, and to the people.
Lity governments without strong zoning
laws had to be persuaded to adopt them. This
was relatively easy. A group of tax-exempt
organizations had already been working on the
zoning-law problem for a long time. The
American Committee for International Munic
ipal Cooperation; the American Municipal
Association; the American Society for Public
Administration; the American Society of Plan
ning Ofcials ; the International City Managers'
Association; the Municipal Finance Ofcers
Association; the National Association of Hous
ing and Redevelopment Ofcials ; the Public
Administration Service -all these organiza
tions are housed at 1 3 1 3 East 60th Street,
Chicago, in a Chicago University building
fnanced with Rockefeller Foundation money.
Most of them have the same sources of income
that the Council on Foreign Relations has.
Many of them have, among their boards of
directors and trustees, men who occupy similar
positions in the CFR or in related organizations.
There are few city governments in the land
which are not under strong infuence from one
or more of these organizations -virtually all
of which are sympathetic to the idea that mod
ern cities must have strong zoning laws.
5tate legislatures had to be persuaded to
pass urban renewal laws, authorizing cities to
seize private property for urban renewal proj
ects. This could be done largely as a by-product
of the big efort needed to convince the people
that urban renewal is not only good and proper,
but also necessary and inevitable.
In May, 1 9 5 7, the Committee for Eco
nomic Development ( one of the most influen-
Page 29
tial tax-exempt organizations in the Council
on Foreign Relations network) set up its Area
Redevelopment Committee -which quickly
became both a fountainhead and control center
for a mammoth nationwide propaganda drive
for urban renewal.
In 1 9 5 7, the CED had programs "to improve
the teaching of economics in the public schools
. . . operating in 3 9 states. " The CED's College
Community Research Centers had "projects in
progress" in 3 3 institutions of higher learning.
Twenty institutions of higher learning were
participating in the CED's "College Program, "
to develop training i n economics for prospec
ti ve teachers. The CED was operat i ng
"summer workshops" t o provide training in
economics for thousands of school teachers
throughout the nation. The CED was operat
ing high school community projects in the
teaching and understanding of modern eco
nomics ; and it was operating a "Cooperating
School Program, " to demonstrate the teaching
of economics, in 20 public school systems from
California to Rhode Island.
The Committee for Economic Development
set up "CED Associates" -groups of young
businessmen, under the guidance of college
professors and of key CED or CFR members
-in cities throughout the nation. The "CED
Associates" were supposed to bring to their
communities a better understanding of mod
ern economics. They, like the school and col
lege programs of CED, were excellent vehicles
for the dissemination of "area redevelop
ment" ( that is, urban renewal ) propaganda.
Information in press handouts and pam
phlets issued by the CED's Information Divi
sion customarily reach ( according to CED's
ofcial boast) more than 1 9 million people.
These are j ust a few of the organized activ
ities of one of the multitude of "private" agen-
cies which went into high gear to sell urban
renewal to the public in 1 9 5 7.
ACTION -American Council to Improve
Our Neighborhoods -was also set up, with
national headquarters in New York City. This
group sponsors neighborhood meetings where
city planning experts tell local CItIzens how
they can take Action to prevent their cities
from deteriorating and their neighborhoods
from becoming slums ; and the organization
distributes well-prepared pamphlets showing
how Action has been, and can be, taken. The
Action insistently emphasized is, of course,
federally fnanced urban renewal.
Of the 6 6 persons on the ACTION Board
of Directors, a controlling majority are :
known members of the Council on Foreign
Relations -such as Philip L. Graham and
Stanley Marcus ;
known members of important CFR afli
ates -such as, Sidney Weinberg of the Busi
ness Council ;
union bosses like Harry C. Bates, Ben
Fischer, Joseph D. Keenan, Jacob S. Potofsky,
Walter Reuther;
bureaucrats in charge of various ((Housing
Authorities," including Dr. Robert Weaver,
Kennedy's present Housing Administrator
whose appointment was challenged in the Sen
ate because of Dr. Weaver's alleged commu
nist front record;
((liberal" politicians dedicated to the total
socialist revolution -such as, Joseph S. Clark,
Jr., U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania;
ofcials of construction and real estate frms
which can make mammoth profts on urban
renewal projects and who are also ((liberal" in
their support of all governmental controls and
subsidies, the tools for converting capitalism
into socialism -such as, William Zeckendorf;
representatives of organizations also ((lib
eral" in the sense indicated above -such as,
Philip M. Klutznick of B'nai B'rith, and Mrs.
Kathryn H. Stone of the League of Women
Voters.
The Advertising Council, another tax
exempt organization in the invisible govern
ment network, features free "public service"
announcements on radio and television net
works, touting the work of ACTIONY)
Mere i s a partial list of business organiza
tions particularly active in supporting urban
renewal :
Allegheny Conference on Community
Development ( Pittsburgh)
Allied Stores Corp.
Aluminum Co. of America
Page 30
Atlantic & Pacifc Tea Co.
Bessemer Securities Corp.
Cabot, Cabot & Forbes ( Boston)
Connecticut Bank & Trust Co.
Crown Zellerbach Corp.
Draper & Kramer, Inc. ( Chicago)
General Electric Co.
Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce
Hartford National Bank
Hecht Department Store
( Washington, D. C. )
Henry J. Kaiser Co.
Hilton Hotels, Inc.
Holiday Inns
Hotel Corp. of America
James W. Rouse & Co.
J. C. Penney & Co.
John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co.
Julius Garfnckel Department Store
(Washington, D. C. )
Macy's Department Store
Marriott Motor Hotels
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.
Mutual Beneft Life Insurance Co.
National Gypsum Co.
N ew York Life Insurance Co.
Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co.
Portland Cement Association ( Chicago)
Prudential Insurance Co. of America
Public Service Electric & Gas Co. ( Newark)
Raymoud Rebsamen ( Little Rock)
Republic Steel Corp.
Reynolds Aluminum
Safeway Stores, Inc.
Sears, Roebuck & Co.
Sheraton Corp. of America
Sou thern New England Telephone Co.
Time, Inc.
Travelers Insurance Cos.
Turner Construction Co. ( New York)
Woodward & Lothrop Department Store
( Washington, D. C. )
(
6
)
And Then the Moon?
In May, 1 9 5 7, when the invisible govern
ment's Committee for Economic Development
created the Area Redevelopment Committee,
urban renewal was in its infancy.
By the end of the Eisenhower Administra
tion, urban renewal had become a major
national movement which was engaged in
wholesale destructi on of pri vate property
rights, and opening rich veins of public money
for graft, corruption, and political vote-buy
ing. Houston, Texas, appeared to be the only
major city left in the United States without
zoning laws ; and only fve states in the union
-Idaho, Louisiana, South Carolina, Utah,
and Wyoming -had refused to pass the nec
essary laws "authorizing" confscation of pri
vate property for private use in urban renewal
projects. (7)
Yet, in his frst "housing" message to Con
gress ( March 9, 1 9 6 1 ) , President Kennedy said
the urban renewal program must be expanded.
The Housing Act of 1 9 6 1 did expand
urban renewal activities in the United States ;
and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1 9 6 1
expanded them abroad. United States taxpay
ers are now paying for urban renewal in for
eign lands ; and ambitious schemes are afoot to
provide urban renewal for the world.
Toward Sovi et Ameri ca
To promote urban renewal from a state of
infancy in 1 9 5 7, to what it is now, took, as I
said earlier, a lot of doing. All the credit for
this accomplishment cannot be given to the
tax-exempt organizations and business frms
and labor unions, interlocked with or manipu
lated by the Council on Foreign Relations.
Agencies of the federal government have
also been busy, with tax money, pouring out
tons of propaganda to sell urban renewal.
One of the most attractive selling pieces
for urban renewal was published in March,
1 9 5 8 , by the Housing and Home Finance
Agency in Washington. It is an expensive
looking 1 2-page pamphlet entitled "Aids to
Your Community -Programs of the Hous
ing and Home Finance Agency. "
The pamphlet is an advertising brochure,
simply worded and simply illustrated ( for the
unsophisticated ofcials in provincial cities, no
doubt ) , telling city fathers exactly how to
go about getting federal money for urban
Page 3 1
renewal -from the initial cost of making sur
veys to decide that a project is needed, to the
fnal costs of providing public housing for per
sons evicted from the project area and of lend
ing money to the private real estate dealers
who "develop" the area ( for their own proft ) .
F rom the pamphlet :
Through its regional ofces, the Housing
and Home Finance Agency provides a sort of
one-stop service station for communities to use
these aids B B
When city fathers work up to the state
of transforming a rundown, blighted area
through the process of urban renewal, a
helping hand is available from the federal
governmen t."
ôtice how much more efectively Ameri
can bureaucrats can sell the socialist idea than
communists can manage to do.
Communist William Z. Foster demands, in
harsh and bitter tone, that the building indus
try be socialized so that the miserable shacks"
of capitalism can be torn down and replaced
with public housing ft for workers. , , (
2
)
The Housing bureaucrats talk afectionately
and gently about city fathers transforming
blighted areas. Yet communist Foster and the
Housing bureaucrats are talking about the
same thing: socializing the building industry
in the United States, as one step toward the
ultimate goal of a socialist America ( Foster
called it a Soviet America, which means the
same) .
Part I I
êxt week, I will present more about the
plans for worldwide urban renewal, and look
further into the rationale and activities of
urban renewal in the United States.
FOOTNOTES
(
1
) Republished i n 1
96
1
, with a Foreword by the Chairman of the House
Committee on Un-American Activities, and with chapter notes by
Maurice Ries: Elgin Publications, Box 1 Z. Balboa Island, California,
price $4. 75
(2) Toward Soviet America, William Z. Foster (see Footnote
1
for details ) ,
pp.
2
90,
2
8
1
( 3 ) Congressional Record, March
1
7,
1
95 9, pp. 3 907 I.
( 4) "HHFA Aids to Communities In Area Redevelopment," boklet by
the Housing and Home Finance Agency, Washington
2
5 , D.C., August,
1
962, p. 7
(
5 ) For further details regarding the activities of the CED, ACTION, and
other groups afliated with the Council On Foreign Relations, see the
book Invisible Government by Dan Smoot.
( 6) Congressional Record, October 3, 1 96
2
, pp.
2
089
1
i.
(7) Congressiollal Record, October 5,
1
962, p.
2 1 2
3
2
In 1941, he joine the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow i n English, doing graduate work for the degree
If you believe that Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for those who want to think and talk and write On
Smoot Report.
Page 32
M
1
11 Smoot Report ..
Vol. 9, No. 5 ( Broadcast 390) February 4, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
URBAN RENEWAL AND A SOVI ET AMERI CA
PART I I
\rban renewal is a federally fnanced program of city planning which requires city
governments to seize homes and other private property ( not just slums, but all property in
whole sections ) . After the property is cleared of all buildings ( at taxpayers' expense) it is
resold ( at below the cost of acquisition) to private interests for developments that the city
planners consider desirable.
The whole program is, of course, unconstitutional, because the Tenth Amendment clearly
prohibits the federal government from engaging in activities not authorized by the Con
stitution. Nothing in the Constitution authorizes the federal government to engage in
housing activities, money-lending, slum clearance, or city planning.
An American's home is supposed to be his castle. A substantial portion of the Constitu
tion is devoted to the specifc aim of protecting citizens in their right to own property and
to be secure in the ownership and use of it.
Urban Renewal ignores all of those constitutional protections. If you happen to live in a
pleasant, well-kept residential neighborhood, which city planners think should be wiped
out and rebuilt, the city government can condemn the whole neighborhood and convert
it into a public park, or sell it to some out-of-town developer who promises to put up
buildings which the ofcial planners will like.
How Urban Renewal Works
hen city planners decide that they would like to tear down everything in a whole
section of the city and redesign it to suit their taste, they can get tax money out of the federal
treasury for the scheme, but they must observe certain formalities.
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 12303 ( Ofce Address
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Page 33
First of all, the planners must present the
federal Urban Renewal Administration plans
for a Workable Program. This is a phrase of
the Washington bureaucracy, meaning an
urban renewal project which meets all specif
cations of the federal agencies, and is pleasing
in the sight of the agency ofcials.
This could be a big hurdle. How can lesser
planners in back-country cities draw up some
thing to satisfy the Great Planners in Wash
ington? Where will they get the money for
working out their plans ? The Urban Renewal
Administration will advance funds to pay for
surveys and planning work necessary to draw
up the Workable Program. Some of the federal
advances for this initial survey-and-planning
job run into hundreds of thousands of dollars.
The advance is part of the gross amount that
the city fathers can get for their proj ect.
After the Workable Program has been pre
sented to Washington ofcials and approved,
the city government gets tax money from the
federal treasury to buy all property in the
project area. If any citizens refuse to sell, the
city government condemns their property and
forces them to sell.
The wholesale evictions of people from an
urban renewal area often leave many families
without a place to live, and business frms with
out a place of business. The city government
can get, from the federal treasury, $ 1 00. 00 to
pay the moving expenses of each displaced
person, and $ 2 5 00. 00 for the moving expenses
of each displaced business frm.
If there is no housing available for persons
evicted from an urban renewal area, the city
can get tax money from the national treasury
to build "low-rent" public housing. It is called
"low-rent, " because the persons living in it do
not pay much rent. The federal government
provides an annual subsidy to operate low
rent" public housing projects. The projects
could accurately be called very high rent"
housing, if the rent which tenants pay were
added to the rent" which all taxpayers pay on
each public housing proj ect -in the form of
federal subsidies to meet the cost of operation.
A business frm evicted from an urban
renewal project can usually get loans through
some federal agency to acquire new quarters
elsewhere.
Once human beings are removed from an
urban renewal proj ect, the city uses U. S. tax
money to demolish and remove everything else
-leaving the project area naked and ready for
a fresh start.
The city sells the entire project area to pri
vate developers who promise to build in com
pliance with specifcations of the Workable
Program. Often, the area is sold in one piece to
one buyer. This generally means that only big
real estate operators or syndicates can buy. It
follows that many ( if not most) major urban
renewal projects are developed by big frms or
syndicates which specialize in buying and
developing "urban renewed" land.
T he private frms which buy the cleared
urban renewal project land can get U. S. tax
money, from federal lending agencies, to do
the developing. But the land and the develop
ments are theirs to be used for their private
proft, under certain provisos. Here are con
trols imposed on private developers of urban
renewal proj ects :
( 1 ) They must build something that con
forms with the planners' dreams as revealed
in the Workable Programs.
( 2 ) They must abide by whatever federal
requirements may be made under the terms
of Section 1 06 ( c) ( 7 ) of the Housing Act of
1 949, as Amended, which provides that the
Urban Renewal Administrator: C C notwith
standing the provisions of any other law, may
. . . include in any contract or instrument
made pursuant to this title such other cove
nants, conditions, or provisions . . . as he may
deem necessary."
( 3 ) They must comply with Section 1 09
( a) of the federal housing law, which con
tains the Davis-Bacon Act provision that the
Secretary of Labor has absolute power to set
wage scales for all work connected with a fed
erally-fnanced urban renewal project. This
is a law which union bosses lobbied through
Congress. Its purpose is to force private con
tractors ( when using federal tax money) to
Page 34
hire union labor, or, at least, to pay whatever
wages union bosses want paid -regardless of
local conditions and wage-scales.
( 4) Pri vate devel opers of federal l y
fnanced urban renewal projects must comply
with President Kennedy's ukase about Hno
racial discrimination. "
(
l )
Apart from these political restrictions, the
private developers who buy land confscated
from other private owners in an urban renewal
area, and develop the land with federal tax
money, enjoy ownership of the development.
Urban Renewal Land Deal s
The major burden to taxpayers, i n an urban
renewal proj ect, is the net cost of acquiring and
clearing the land.
Urban renewal generally involves land close
to downtown, where congestion and commer
cial and industrial development have pushed
real estate prices to great heights. The cost of
acquiring such land -and of removing the
structures on it -is said to be too great for
private developers. This means that the proj ect
is economically unsound, and must be subsi
dized by taxpayers. The federal government,
therefore, bears most of the net cost of land
acquisition and clearance ( usually, two-thirds ;
bu often more ) .
Net cost is the amount the city government
loses on urban renewal real estate deals. The
city buys real estate at high prices ; spends a
great deal to have the land cleared ; and then
sells the land to private developers for a low
pnce.
A few statistics will serve to indicate just
how heavy a burden this urban renewal net
cost" is, on taxpayers :
In Baltimore, land for urban renewal was
acquired for $ 1 ,444, 1 5 5 . 00. After it was
cleared and ready for re-development, it was
sold to private developers for $ 3 00, 000. 00 -
a net loss to U. S. taxpayers of $ 1 , 1 44, 1 5 5 . 00.
In Jersey City, land acquired for urban
renewal cost $ 3 ,966, 78 5 . 00. After it was
cleared, it was sold for $ 8 5 0, 000. 00 -a net
loss to U. S. taxpayers of $ 3 , 1 1 6, 78 5 . 00.
In New York City, land for 1 0 urban
renewal projects, which cost $ 8 2 , 1 99,479. 00,
was sold to private buyers for $ 2 5 , 6 5 2, 1 07. 00
-a net loss to U. S. taxpayers of $ 5 6, 547, -
3 72. 00.
In Philadelphia, land for 2 urban renewal
projects cost $ 1 , 5 1 4, 994. 00, but was resold
for $ 2 76, 074. 00-a net loss of $ 1 , 23 8, 920. 00.
he net loss to taxpayers on urban renewal
land deals in these particular projects, in four
cities, was 62 million, 47 thousand, 2 3 2 dol
lars ( $ 62, 047, 2 3 2. 0 0 ) .
These statistics do not, by any means, reveal
the total net loss to taxpayers on the land deals
involved. The statistics do not include the
enormous cost of clearing the land, before it
was resold for redevelopment -or the cost of
legal fees involved in condemnation proceed
ings ; and so on.
The statistics cited above are from a letter
which the Urban Renewal Administration
wrote to United States Representative Bruce
Alger on May 1 , 1 9 5 6 ; hence, they reflect
urban renewal activities during the infancy of
the urban renewal program.
Just the Begi nni ng
\rban renewal with federal tax money
was p.ovided for in the National Housing Act
of 1 949, and enlarged in scope by the Housing
Act of 1 9 5 4. It was sanctioned by a Supreme
Court decision in 1 9 5 4 ; but it did not become
a vigorously promoted nationwide program
until 1 9 5 7, when the invisible government
network initiated an all-out propaganda drive
to sell the urban renewal idea to the nation -
as discussed in this Report, last week.
Uy the time President Eisenhower left ofce,
urban renewal had become a major national
movement. But President Kennedy said the
program had to be expanded. In his frst hous
ing message, March 9 , 1 9 6 1 , President Kennedy
said:
ttUrban renewal programs to date have
been too narrow to cope efectively with the
basic problems facing older cities. We must
do more than concern ourselves with bad
housing -we must reshape our cities into
Page 35
efective nerve centers for expanding metro
politan areas. Our urban renewal eforts must
be substantially reoriented from slum clear
ance and slum prevention into positive pro
grams for economic and social regeneration . . . .
This program, if it is to be truly efective,
must help local communities go beyond the
project-by-project approach. I have instructed
the Administrator of the Housing and Home
Finance Agency to work with the local ofcials
in every area to foster this broader approach,
in which individual projects will be developed
within the framework of an over-all com
munity program, a program which clearly
identifes the city's long term renewal needs
and opportunities and the changing shape of
the city . . . .
HLocal communities must be able to count
on adequate and continuing support through
a long-term Federal commitment. I therefore
recommend to the Congress that new authori
zations totaling $ 2 , 5 00, 000, 000. 00 over a
4-year period be made available for urban
renewal programs . . . . , , (
2
)
Congress gave the President more than he
asked. The Housing Act of 1 9 6 1 ( signed into
law on June 3 0, 1 96 1 ) will cost U. S. taxpay
ers more than 9 billion dollars. (3
)
Urban Renewal for the Worl d
The 9-billion-dollar housing and urban
renewal programs authorized in the Housing
Act of 1 9 6 1 were for the United States only.
In the Foreign Assistance Act of 1 9 6 1 , Con
gress expanded our urban renewal and housing
for foreign countries -to be paid for by
United States taxpayers.
But even bigger programs are being planned.
On February 2 5 , 1 962, The New York Times
reported:
An international group of housing experts
has advised governments to set up federal
agencies for housing and urban afairs . . . .
The ten [United Nations] specialists, who
have spent the last two weeks appraising
world housing needs proposed that in each
country a central ministry should help formu
late urban development.
It was suggested that such an agency con
cern itself with such problems as transporta
tion, location of industry, water supply, land
use, health, and recreation. Appropriate local
machinery also was recommended.
The group said further that one way of
aiding housing developments would be to
establish a United Nations fund or pool of
equipment and technical services. Member
states under a General Assembly resolution
would be invited to supply funds, equipment,
materials and services for pilot projects in low
cost housing.
Another indirect help would be to have
the United Nations increase the supply of
international funds for housing and urban
development. This would be done through a
fund providing mortgage insurance for invest
men t in housing in developing countries of
Asia, Africa and Latin America.
By 1 96 5 , it was estimated, 24, 000, 000
dwellings will be needed annually to house the
rising population in the developing area . . . .
The United Nations assesses the United
States for almost one-third of all UN admin
istrative costs. But UN aid programs ( such as
the proposed housing and urban renewal pro
grams ) are fnanced by voluntary contribu
tions from member nations. Most of the volun
tary contributions come from the United
States. Most other UN members which con
tribute to UN aid programs get more than
enough direct aid from the United States to
ofset their UN contributions. So, whatever
the UN may do, in the way of urban renewal
and housing for the world, will be paid for, in
large part, by U. S. taxpayers.
The United States is also planning enlarged
foreign urban renewal and housing programs,
on its own. On October 4, 1 962, Senator John
J. Sparkman ( Democrat, Al abama ) tol d
Congress :
HI wan t to bring to the a tten tion of the
Senate plans that the subcommittee . . . has to
study our Government's programs of assisting
foreign underdeveloped countries in housing
and urban development activities. Although
we already have several programs started, I
feel there is a great deal more that can be
don'e . . . .
In order to explore this more fully, during
the recess period, papers will be solicited from
specialists in the feld of international housing
and planning on a variety of subjects such as
Page 36
urban planning, development of new con
struction materials, improved building tech
niques, home fnancing, self-help housing
techniques, cooperative housing, slum clear
ance, and savings and loan and other thrift
systems. , , (4)
Metropol itan Government
In his housing message to Congress, on
March 9, 1 9 6 1 , President Kennedy complained
that urban renewal programs had been too nar
row. He meant narrow, not only in volume,
but in purpose. The President said:
((The city and its suburbs are interdepend
en t parts of a single community, bound
together by the web of transportation and
other public facilities and by common eco
nomic interests. Bold programs in individual
jurisdictions are no longer enough. Increas
ingly, community development must be a
cooperative venture toward the common goals
of the metropolitan region as a whole.
((This requires the establishment of an
efective and comprehensive planning process
in each metropolitan area embracing all major
activities, both public and private, which
shape the community . . . . I recommend there
fore the enactment of an extended and
improved program of Federal aid to urban
and metropolitan planning. "( 2
)
he President's dialectics are an argument
for the necessity of metropolitan government
which would destroy the whole fabric of gov
ernment and social organization in the United
States.
The planners have a vision of a new kind of
America. The old federation of states, held
together in union by a federal government of
carefully limited powers, will be gradually
changed into a nation governed by a central
ized absolutism in Washington.
For administrative purposes, this new Amer
ica will be divided, geographically, into urban
rural ( or metropolitan) areas, which sprawl
across forgotten and meaningless state bound
ary lines. Each metropolitan area will be man
aged by an appointed expert.
In this new America, there will no longer be
troublesome resistance to local taxes for local
improvements, because there will not be any
such taxation. All taxes will be levied by the
central government in Washington, and then
distributed to the metropolitan managers.
This method of taxation will give additional
strength to the central government, because it
will make the metropolitan governing bodies
answerable, not to the local people governed,
but to the s upreme pol i t i cal power i n
Washington.
ederally fnanced urban renewal is an
important ( perhaps the most important ) part
of an overall drive for such metropolitan gov
ernment in America. The Metropolitan Amer
ica thus emerging is strikingly similar to the
Soviet America which communist William Z.
Foster predicted and demanded, i n his book,
Toward Soviet America, published in 1 9 3 2 .
Communist Mani festo
ederally fnanced urban renewal is also
helping to fulfll the demands of another com
munist far more important than William Z.
Foster. In 1 8 48 , Karl Marx wrote The Com
munist Manifesto. He outlined a 1 0 -point
program for eliminating capitalism and estab
lishing communism. Here is Point 9 in the
Manifesto:
( (Combination of agriculture with manu
facturing industries ; gradual abolition of the
distinction between town and country, by a
more equable distribution of population over
the country.
, ,
( 5 )
Iompare this point in The Communist
Manifesto with a proposal formally made by
former United States Representative Thomas
F. Johnson ( new frontier Democrat from
Maryland, now under indictment for conspir
acy and conflict of interest ) . Mr. Johnson is
so enamored of urban renewal that he wants
the federal government to undertake a pro
gram of rural renewal. Here is how the Tulsa
Tribune described a Bill, introduced by Rep
resentative Johnson, to create a federal rural
renewal commission:
Page 37
((This commission would be charged with
( 1) encouraging an (orderly diminution' in
the number of farmers ; ( 2 ) halting the exo
dus of rural folks to the already-overcrowded
cities ; ( 3 ) repairing, rebuilding or replacing
homes, business buildings and other property
which have deteriorated because of depressed
rural conditions.
((Additionally, the commission would con
sider requiring part of each defense contract
to be undertaken in rural areas, so our defense
plants wouldn't all be wiped out in a nuclear
attack.
, ,
(6)
Cri me and Del i nquency
%any Americans think of urban renewal
as slum clearance. They believe that govern
ment can eliminate slums, and that elimination
of slums will virtually abolish crime and j uve
nile delinquency.
Although most of them do not realize it,
Americans who have this viewpoint have
accepted a central proposition in the dialectical
materialism of communism: namely, that peo
ple are animals, shaped and controlled by their
material environment.
The truth is that siums do not breed crime
and j uvenile delinquency. It is the other way
around. People make slums. Slums do not make
people. If you tore down all old houses in
America ; replaced them with luxury homes
and apartments; gave those luxury dwellings
to criminals, j uvenile delinquents, bums, and
improvident, lazy ne'er-do-wells ; and provided
the occupants with l avish pensions -the
places would soon be slums.
Billions of tax dollars have been spent on
public housing and federal urban renewal in
America. In support of every one of the thou
sands of such projects, the same argument was
used: eliminate the slums and you will elimi
nate the causes of crime and juvenile delin
quency. Put up something that looks good and
the people will be good.
Uut the public housing projects of America
have not eliminated any crime or j uvenile
delinquency. On the contrary, many have
become concentration centers for criminals
and j uvenile delinquents.
The March 2 0, 1 9 5 4, issue of The Provi
dence C R. 1. ) Journal, quoted Judge Francis
J. McCabe of the Rhode Island Juvenile Court
as saymg:
((Slums don't make delinquency. Delin
quent people make slums. Public housing
projects don't wipe out juvenile and adult
delinquency by eliminating slums. Delin
quents are more plentiful in the projects,
because they move into the projects from
scattered areas and thereby become more
concentrated."
n recent years, magazines and newspapers
have featured many well-documented stories
about expensive publ i c- housing projects
quickly becoming smelly tenements, with gar
bage and human ofal littering the grounds and
hallways, and the ravages of vandalism and
bestial behavior visible in broken windows,
defaced walls, sagging stair rails, damaged
fxtures.
Government can make slum dwellers move
elsewhere, but government cannot remake peo
ple. Hence, no matter how much power it
usurps or how much tax money it spends, gov
ernment cannot eliminate slums.
Legal Action Agai nst
II
Sl umsll
\nder the guise of slum-clearance, our tax
money is fnancing a frightful amount of snob
bery which injures many people. I have person
ally known low-income neighborhoods which
were charming living areas. I knew one in par
ticular that was occupied by colored people.
Practically everyone in the neighborhood
owned his own home. They were small,
wooden-frame houses ; but they were clean and
attractive. Their principal virtue was that the
people who owned them and lived in them and
cared for them, loved them.
The people were proud of their neighbor
hood, which produced relatively little crime
or delinquency; and they were astonished and
hurt when the City Planning Commission, sup
ported by federal housing authorities, declared
their area blighted. " Their homes and busi-
Page 38
nesses were confscated, and the neighborhood
became a public housing proj ect. The original
home owners were not project-dwellers by
nature. They went elsewhere. The project flled
with tenants who quickly converted it into an
eyesore and a concentration center for human
flotsam and jetsam.
Lity governments have adequate, legal
power to do something efective about a slum,
if, by slum, one means inhabited buildings
which sanitation experts can prove to be inju
rious to public health; or which capable engi
neers can prove to be dangerous to the general
public.
The city can order owners to make mini
mum improvements necessary to public safety.
If owners refuse, the city can have the work
done and add the cost to the owners' tax bills.
If the owners will not pay, the city can sell the
places at public auction.
One astonishing argument made for tax
fnanced slum clearance and urban renewal is
that wealthy people own much of the slum
property; that they pay a very low tax on the
property; and that city services which their
slum properties require ( police and fre protec
tion, principally) are much greater than the
services required on good properties in good
neighborhoods, where tax rates must be higher
in order to make up for the low tax on slums.
DAN SMOOT,
Dallas 14, Texas
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If all of this is so, why give the owners of
slum property the special privilege of low
taxes ? If they get more city services than other
property owners, why not make them pay more
taxes ? People could not then aford to own rent
property which is dangerous to the public.
They would either improve the property to
make it comply with minimum requirements
of public safety, or they would sell it -to
escape the high taxes.
These legal procedures would not eliminate
all buildings that liberal planners-of-other
people's-lives do not like ; but they would elim
inate most places that are a menace to public
safety; and they would leave Americans secure
in their God-given right to own property.
Greed and Cyni cism
Lreed and cynicism have helped urban
renewal to become a national disgrace.
Many individuals support federally-fnanced
urban renewal, knowing it is unconstitutional
and wrong, because they think there is no way
to stop it :
If you cannot whiP them, join them. We
cannot stop urban renewal, so why deny our
city its share of federal money? Taxpayers in
our city are helping pay for urban renewal in
rival cities. Let's get some federal urban renewal
money ourselves, so that taxpayers in those
years ) < months ) to THE DAN
PRINT NAME
STREET ADDRESS
CIT, ZONE AND STATE
Page 39
other cities will have to help pay f01' somethi11 g
we are getting. This is one way to get some of
our federal tax money back.
It Can Be Stopped
%any Americans are, however, resIstmg
urban renewal ; and, in some communities they
have managed to stop it. Their basic technique
is simple : they use whatever means they can
fnd to educate others in the real meaning and
implications of urban renewal.
I am pleased to say that this Report has
played a part in successful fghts against urban
renewal. Individuals and organizations distrib
ute, as widely as possible in their community,
issues of the Report ( and of other publica
tions ) dealing with urban renewal. They run
newspaper ads and sponsor meetings and broad
casts. In communities where this kind of edu
cational job is adequately done, the people can
stop federally-fnanced urban renewal .
In some communities, such educated public
interest has forced city governments, before
requesting federal urban renewal funds, to put
the question to voters, in a referendum. Among
the cities where urban renewal has been
defeated by referendum vote are E1 Dorado,
Arkansas ; Fontana, Fresno, San Bernardino,
San Luis Obispo, Soledad, and Stockton in
California ; Indianapolis, Indiana ; Des Moines,
Iowa ; Kalamazoo, Michigan ; Cape Girardeau,
Missouri ; Amarillo and San Antonio in Texas.
In some commulltIes, an aroused public
interest causes city ofcials to stop plans for
federal urban renewal projects without sub
mitting the issue to voters. In Dallas, for exam
ple, public opposition to urban renewal caused
the city government to abandon plans for a
project, after a federal grant for the initial
survey had already been authorized.
On October 5 , 1 962, United States Repre
sentative Bruce Alger ( Republican, Texas )
inserted a thirty-eight page document in the
Congressional Record, l isting some of the cities
where urban renewal has been defeated, and
telling how the defeats were accomplished.
ederally-fnanced urban renewal can be
defeated at the local level, by hard-working
citizens who care. But the only way to end the
whole program ( and to make similar opera
tions forever impossible ) is to repeal the income
tax amendment.
Take the surplus tax money away from
the Washington plunderers : and most of the
harmful programs of government would cease,
because there would not be enough tax money
to pay for them.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Executive Order 1 1 063 ; Equal Opportunity In Housing," Federal
Register, November 24, 1 962, p. 1 1 5 27
( 2 ) COllgressiollal Qllarteriy \'Ieekl) Report, March 1 0, 1 961 , p. 403
( 3 ) COllgressiOllal Quarterly \'eekiy Report, June 3 0, 1 96 1 , p. 1 1 60
( 4) COllgressiollal Record, October 4, 1 962, p. 20949
( 5 ) COII/ II/ullist Mallifesto by Karl Marx, Gateway Edition, 1 9 54, p. 37
( 6) Huma" Events, September 29, 1962, p. 73 7
from that university in 1 938 and 1 940.
half years, he worked exclusively on communist investigations in the indus:rial midwest. For two years following
that, he was on FBI headquarters staf in WashingtOn, as an Admi nistrative Assistant to J. Edgar Hoover.
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his own independent program, in order to give only one side the
If you believe that Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for those who want to think and talk and write LW
Smoot Report.
Page 40
M
1tl Smoot le,o,t
Vol. 9, No. 6 ( Broadcast 391 ) February 1 1 , 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
HOW TO L OS E FRI E NDS
1n a press conference on January 24, 1 96 3 , President Kennedy said:
( (The Communist apparatus controls more than one billion people, and it daily con
fronts Europe and the United States with hundreds of missiles, scores of divisions, and the
purposes of domination. The reality of power is that the resources essential to defense
against this danger are concentrated overwhelmingly in the nations of the Atlantic Alli
ance. In unity, this Alliance has ample strength to hold back the expansion of Com
munism B B B Acting alone, neither the United States nor Europe could be certain of success
and survival."
ess than two weeks later, these stories were making headlines throughout the world:
( (In a world that seems suddenly to be coming unglued, President Kennedy faces the
prospect of having to make some agonizing decisions in the next few weeks . . . . Kennedy
will very likely have to decide soon whether it is necessary to undertake measures of
reprisal because of De Gaulle's open break with the allies over the future economic, polit
ical, and military organization of the Atlantic Alliance" -John M. Hightower, Associated
Press dispatch from Washington, February 4, 1 96 3 ;
((Almost everyone agrees that U. S. intervention in the Canadian nuclear debate not
only created the most serious rift between the two countries in modern times, but vir
tually assured that anti-Americanism would become a prime issue in the next general
election" -Max Harrelson, Associated Press dispatch from Ottawa, February 3 , 1 963 .
(
1 )
Mere, once again, is dramatic proof of the tragic stupidity of American foreign policy.
Since the end of World War II, the political leaders of America have assumed that America
has enough strength to carry the world on her back, but that she does not have enough
strength to stand alone.
6441 Gaston Avenue ) . Subscription rates : $10.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
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Page 41
Assuming that we can no longer defend our
own nation, our leaders have spent staggering
sums of tax money to build a "free world alli
ance" which is, and always will be, as weak as
the weakest member in the alliance. The secur
ity of the American nation is dependent on
the whims, ambitions, and greed of foreign
politicians who, far from being answerable to
American taxpayers, increase their own power
by denouncing the United States.
urthermore, our eforts to ai d other
nations and to make them strong members of
our "free world alliance" have caused almost
universal hatred and resentment of America
even among nations which were traditionally
our best and closest friends : witness, Canada.
We alienated the Netherlands by forcing
them to surrender their East Indian posses
sions -which became the pro-communist ( if
not outright communist) nation of Indonesia.
More recently ( 1 9 62 ) , we deepened the inj ury
by our part in forcing the Netherlands to sur
render New Guinea to Indonesia.
Australi a is disturbed and angry at us
because of this New Guinea deal.
Our State Department has primary respon
sibility for converting Cuba from a friendly
nation into an enemy nation. In forcing the
downfall of Truj illo in the Dominican Repub
lic, we eliminated the last strong friend we
had in the Caribbean area.
The alienation of France now seems com
plete ; and, in West Germany, the growing
resentment of American intervention in inter
nal afairs threatens to eliminate that nation
from the ranks of nations "friendly" to the
United States.
Cambodia resents us because of the arms
we give to Thailand; and Thailand resents us
because of arms we give to Cambodia. Pakistan
resents us because of the aid we give to India ;
and India resents us because of the aid we give
to Pakistan.
t is the same all over the world. Foreign
governments accept our military aid, not to
help "defend the free world against commu
nism" but to support their own tyranny over
their own people and to strengthen themselves
against their neighbors, who are also accepting
our military aid as members of our "free world
1 1 '
"
a lance.
Our military aid to foreign nations not only
puts us in the ridiculous position of engaging
in an armaments race with ourselves : it puts all
of our " allies" into an armaments race with
each other, with us fnancing both sides.
e have alienated Portugal by our United
Nations s tand wi th regard to Portuguese
Angola in Africa ; and we have alienated South
Africa by backing the United Nations Reso
lution condemning South African policy on
the race question.
The das t ar dl y Uni ted Nat i ons rape of
Katanga -which we have fnanced and sup
ported without stint -has not only elimi
nated Katanga as a friend of America but must
have caused hatred of us throughout Africa.
United Nations forces bombed hospitals,
homes , i ndus t ri al pl a nt s, a nd s chool s i n
Ka t anga. Uni t ed Na ti ons t roops ( whi c h
included uncivilized Ghurkas from India and
savage tribesmen from Ethiopia) committed
indescribable atrocities against women, chil
dren, missionaries, doctors, and other civilians
in Katanga. Meanwhile, Congolese troops
drawing their pay at the expense of American
taxpayers -roamed the country in lawless,
drunken bands, raping, killing, and pillaging. (
2
)
Lne aspect of our "United Nations policy"
in the Congo, not reported in the American
press, has been revealed by South Afri can
newspapers.
The January 6, 1 9 6 3 , edition of the Johan
nesburg Sunday Times printed an interview
with Mr. E. M. Schollij , a South African who
served for a year in the Katangese military
intelligence before he was captured and later
released by United Nations troops.
Schollij reported that the United Nations
forces in the Congo -ofcers, troops and of
cials -are taking part in large-scale rack
eteering and blackmarketing in everything
from Katangese gold to the four sent over by
UNESCO.
Page 42
Of the 1 , 2 0 0 tons of four sent by UNESCO
fortnightly for the starving Congolese, nearly
all is sold by United Nations ofcials to Indian
traders, Schollij stated; and he added that even
United Nations doctors participated in the
racketeering, selling medical supplies sent from
abroad to combat the wide-spread disease in
the Congo.
At a Goma airfeld ( in the Kivu province) ,
Mr. Schollij saw a cargo of stolen Katangese
gold which was flown in by Air Congo. He
said:
((The new (owners' of the gold were four
Indian ofcers of the United Nations forces, a
captain of the Malayan contingent and his ser
geant-major."
Peru
n Peru, there is hurt and bewilderment on
the part of intelligent, middle-class Peruvians
at our failure to give full recognition to the
new anti-communist dictatorship which has
seized power there. I was in Lima in the middle
of January, 1 96 3 . I talked to prominent Peru
vian professional and businessmen, and others.
Uniformly, they expressed fear about the social
and political conditions there.
The heavy population of indigent and igno
rant indians and mixed-breeds hangs like an
albatross upon the neck of the nation. They
will not work, although there is plenty of work
available. Squatting in slums, in a land richly
endowed with fertile soil and fabulous natural
resources, they seem impervious to education
or even to acceptance of rudimentary infor
mation about sanitation and decent living.
Yet, they have the vote and are easily
inflamed by the agitation of communists and
venal politicians who go among them in elec
tion years denouncing American capitalists
and exploiters, while giving them handouts of
food and drink, often purchased with Ameri
can aid money.
he educated middle-class people I talked
to in Lima welcomed the anti-communist dic
tatorship which put more than 8 00 commu
nist agitators in j ail and suspended the farcical
elections. " They frankly admit that Peru is
not yet ready for the kind of democratic
society we have in the United States. They say
that a strong, benefcent dictatorship is neces
sary for stability and safety in their nation
and will be for many years to come.
They know that we Americans despise dic
tatorships of all kinds. They admire us for
that ; and they envy us because we have already
reached the level of social and political devel
opment which enables us to maintain a free
society; but it bewilders them because we can
not understand that their problems are difer
ent. And our inconsistency hurts them. They
see us give full recognition, and aid, to com
munist dictatorships, and cannot understand
why we scorn their dictatorship which is pro
American and anti-communist.
These people do not really want aid from
us. They want friendship and tolerant under
standing of their eforts to work out their
unique national problems in their own way.
We give the aid, which obviously does more
harm than good; and, with our diplomacy, we
insist on meddling in their dangerously explo
sive domestic afairs.
Argenti na
uring the week of January 24, 1 9 6 3 , the
Foreign Minister of Argentina was in the
United States. Asked to comment on Argen
tina-United States relations, President Ken
nedy, during his January 24 press conference,
said:
( (The relationship has been good . . . . There
is an International Monetary Fund group
down there in Argentina now considering the
Ar gen ti ne' s economi c problems. We are
watching that very closely, and we are ana
lyzing when that study is completed what we
can most usefully do to be of assistance to the
Argentine."
Just fve days before President Kennedy
made that evaluation, I interviewed an ofcial
of the United States Embassy in Buenos Aires.
After letting me know that he would deny
anything I said if I identifed him or quoted
him directly, he said that Argentina is pres-
Page 43
ently making gestures of friendship toward
America "because the Argentines are greedy. "
He said the Argentines will play up to anyone
whom they think they can get something
from; and, at present, they think their best
prospect of getting something for nothing is
by a show of friendship for the United States.
arrived in Buenos Aires by airplane from
Santiago, Chile. Shortly after take-of in San
tiago, we crossed the crest of the mighty
Andes ; and for two hours after that, traveling
at j et speed, I stared down at the magnifcent
Argentine pampas -the vast treeless plains
that stretch from the Andes to the River Plate.
Viewed from an airplane 3 0, 000 feet high,
the pampas look very much like the plains
country of West Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona. But our plains country is arid, and
the topsoil thin. In the Argentine pampas, the
rich topsoil is eight feet thick, and rainfall is
abundant. And we are giving them aid! Why?
Buenos Aires is at the mouth of the River
Plate. The marvelous delta complex of that
river includes literally thousands of islands,
so rich in alluvial soil, so abundantly watered
by nature, and so bathed with tropical sun
shine that they ( alone -without the great
pampas ) could produce enough food to feed
not only all of Buenos Aires, but all of Argen
tina. And we are giving them aid! Why?
asked the U. S. embassy ofcial in Buenos
Aires why. I asked the same question of resi
dent American businessmen, of American mis
sionaries, of Argentine businessmen, and of
miscellaneous Argentines whom I was able to
interview. From all, I got the same story: the
Argentines do not want to work. They seem
to have no patriotism. They are, for the most
part, a well-educated, sophisticated, very cos
mopolitan people of European ext raction
( mostly Spanish and Italian) who look upon
the Argentine as a splendid place for pleasure
and plunder.
Labor unions -set up by Peron, with spe
cial l aws and governmental favoritism that put
union bosses above the law ( even more dan
gerously than our own federal laws put the
Walter Reuthers and the James Hofas above
the law) -dominate the economy of Argen
tina.
The labor union rationale -that the objec
tive of life is to get the most that you can with
the least amount of efort -seems to have
become the attitude of the nation. And this
attitude keeps the Argentine from getting pre
cisely what it needs -an infux of private,
foreign capital to develop the rich natural
resources.
he Kaiser Corporation does have a tre
mendous industrial operation in Argentina,
made possible by American law designed to
encourage the investment of American capital
in foreign lands -largely at the expense of
American taxpayers and American produc
tivity. And what is the Argentine attitude
toward Kaiser?
Here is a story, distributed by Copley News
Service from Buenos Aires, and published by
The Dallas Morning News on February 4,
1 9 6 3 :
HThe confscation of the Kaiser automobile
factory by vengeful workers has deal t a
crushing setback to Argentina's hopes for
increased private investments from the United
States.
cCThe workers, led by accused communists,
took over the Kaiser plant at Cordoba this
month after the company had announced
plans to close the production line for 1 2 days
because of declining sales. Ten thousand
workers would have been laid of.
cCThe workers took 3 0 0 company ofcials
as hostages, forced them to keep assembly lines
operating, then put them in a paint shed and
threatened to set it afre if Kaiser's top execu
tives did not cancel the shutdown.
cc CWith all those lives at stake, we had to do
what the workers asked,' said a Kaiser execu
tive.
CCSince the seizure, which police made little
efort to block, Kaiser ofcials have been nego
tiating with workers' representatives. An
easing in the workers' demands is reported
and a shutdown may be permitted to give
Kaiser time to sell a backlog of 3 , 000 cars.
cCDespite the talks, the damage has been
done. U. S. frms are alarmed about their 7 5 0-
million-dollar investment here and potential
investors are steering away."
Page 44
Ln my way home from South America,
I traveled part of the way with the represent
ative of another maj or American corporation
which had been doing business in Argentina.
The company had shut down its operations,
closed its warehouses, and ordered key Ameri
can personnel back to the states -because of
the impossibility of doing business in the
Argentine. The corporation's representative
said to me :
cCThere is a great need and a great demand
for our products ; but the Argentines whom
we sell to don't want to pay for what they
get ; and the Argentines whom we hire don't
want to work -even though we provide bet
ter working conditions and give much better
wages than they can get from any Argentine
frm."
5ince 1 946, the United States has given
Argentina approximately 1 billion, 2 7 million,
3 00 thousand dollars in economic, military,
and nonmutual security aid.
(
3)
Brazi l
Mere is an article from the October 1 9,
1 962, issue of The World, a weekly newsmaga
zine published in Washington, D. C. :
c C The Uni ted S tates Embas s y i n Ri o de
Janeiro had hardly announced Brazil's receipt
of more than half a billion dollars in grants
and loans under the Alliance [for Progress]
program than President Kennedy was sub
jected to a hostile blast from communist and
nationalist organs . . . .
c C Since May, 1 9 6 1 , the U.S. Embassy in Rio
noted, $ 6 3 6. 5 million in grants and loans have
been made to Brazil under the Alliance for
Progress program, with another $ 5 8. 3 million
made available by the Inter-American Devel
opment Bank. Among the commi tments
recently was a $43 million wheat agreement.
CCOne of the developments causing unfa
vorable reaction to the Alliance program is the
expropriation of the International Telephone
and Tel egraph Corporat ion pl ant i n Ri o
Grande Do SuI, Brazil. "
eonel Brizola ( the Governor of Rio
Grande Do Sui ) , who seized these American
properties, is openly pro-communist. Many
well-informed persons believe him to be a com
munist. The telephone properties he seized
were valued at eight million dollars ( in an
appraisal made j ointly in 1 9 60 by Brizola him
self and by agents of the company) . When
seizing the properties, Brizola ofered the com
pany an indemnity of four hundred thousand
dollars.
This caused a furore in Washington. Con
gress tacked a rider on the 1 962 foreign aid
bill, prohibiting aid to any country which
expropriates United States property without
j ust and prompt indemnity. This meant that
no more foreign aid money could go to Brazil
until a settlement was made.
In elections held in late 1 962, Brizola's party
was defeated in Rio Grande Do SuI ; and the
federal Brazilian government moved in to set
tle the dispute with IT&T -so that Brazil
could continue to get aid from the United
States.
Ln January 9, 1 963 , the State Department
announced that the United States was making
a special "loan" of 3 0 million dollars to the
government of Brazil. It was obvious that this
"loan" was made so that the Brazilian gov
ernment could settle with IT&T -and have
some left over.
On January 1 9 , 1 963 , the Brazilian Foreign
Ministry in Rio announced the "settlement"
with International Telephone and Telegraph
Company. Under the agreement, the govern
ment bank of Brazil will make a two million,
700 thousand dollar loan to the IT&T manu
facturing subsidiary in Brazil -Standard
Electrica Sociedade Anonima, pending fnal
state court valuation of the seized properties.
When the evaluation is decided, the loan will
become partial, or total, indemnifcation. The
IT&T cannot take the money out of Brazil,
however. Its Brazilian subsidiary must invest
the money in Brazil, for the development of
an electronic industry.
ive days after this deal was announced,
I arrived in Brazil for an eight-day visit. Bra
zilians whom I talked to about it were cyni
cally amused.
Confscation of private American property
in Brazil is now good business, with enormous
Page 45
profts guaranteed. The Brazilian government
can seize American property. The American
government will then give the Brazilian gov
ernment ( the gift disguised as a "loan") more
than three times as much as it needs to make
compensation. When compensation is made,
the American frm cannot bring its money
back to the States, but must reinvest it in
Brazil -where it can be confscated again.
One well-informed Brazilian told me that
Brazilian politicians were deeply disturbed
when the U. S
.
Congress cut of aid to Brazil,
pending settlement of the IT&T deal. I asked
him why. He said :
Brazilian politicians use your Alliance for
Progress money for their own progress.' They
go into the squatters camps and put on big
barbecues and parties with your money, and
then make speeches denouncing the United
States. That's the way they get the votes to
keep themselves in power, so that they can get
more of your money. I know you are happy
to hear how your tax money is being used
in Brazil."
\nited States aid to Brazil since 1 946 totals
approximately 3 billion, 1 9 3 million, 400
thousand dollars. ( 3)
Cuba
n his January 24, 1 96 3 , press conference,
President Kennedy was asked whether there
was "any truth" to the reports of a "Soviet
military buildup in Cuba. "
The President replied:
No, we have been conducting continued
surveillance. The best information we have
is that one ship has arrived since the October
crisis, which may have arms on it . . . . But
there has not been a military buildup B B B
There is no evidence that the ship carried any
ofensive weapons . . . .
There is no influx of military equipment,
other than the ship; and, as I say, our scrutiny
of Cuba is daily."
was in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the day the Pres
ident made that reassuring statement about
Cuba. The next day, my guide -a Brazilian
of Italian extraction, an ebullient, voluble lit
tle man who seemed to like Americans a great
deal -showed me the news story, and trans

lated portions of it from the Portuguese. He
watched me with dismay, as I registered no
reaction.
"You Americans are hard to understand,"
he said.
"Why?" I asked him.
"Why do you think Khrushchev has re
moved all those missiles from Cuba? " he asked.
"He promised our President, " I explained.
"Have your people actually seen any of the
missiles Khrushchev says he removed? " he
asked.
"No, " I explained. "Our blockade of Cuba
was very polite. We did not board any ships
or inspect any cargo. We j ust took the commu
nists' word for what they hauled in and out
of Cuba. "
"Have the communists ever told you the
truth? " he asked.
"N " I 'd 0, sal .
He shrugged helplessly, and we rejoined our
group for a gay ride to Santos.
he frst newspaper I read, upon my return
to the States, had a front-page headline saying :
( (Cuba Buildup Danger Cited."
The story was a United Press International
dispatch from Washington, published in the
February 4, 1 9 6 3 , issue of The Dallas Times
Herald. One paragraph in the story said:
Edwin M. Martin, assistant secretary of
state for inter-American afairs, said Sunday
ni ght it is possi bl e that Sovi et mi l i tary
strength i n Cuba is 1 0 times what it was
before the missile crisis last October."
T he Dallas Morning News of February 4,
1 96 3 , had a story by Robert E. Baskin, who
said:
The full story is not yet in on Cuba. But
enough information has been disclosed in the
past few days to awaken real alarm over Rus
sian intentions on the island B B B
There is no question that a sizeable force
of Rus s i an troops are i n Cu ba. [Sen a tor
Strom] Thurmond describes this force as the
equivalent of a Soviet air army, with full
army, navy, and air force complements B
The State Department estimates the Rus
sian force at half of the Thurmond fgure B B B
about division strength, the department says.
( (This is enough of an admission to cause a
reappraisal of our Cuban policy. One division,
wi th supporting arms, is a poten t mili tary force.
Page 46
The Russian troop presence virtually fore
closes any future American or American
sponsored invasion of Cuba, since invasion
opponents could well argue that Soviet
involvement would be inevitable in the mili
tary action and could trigger all-out war.
Hit would seem that Soviet Premier Nikita
S. Khrushchev has again won a round of one
upmanship over the United States."
he UPI dispatch from Washington, pub
lished February 4, 1 96 3 , also said :
The Administration was expected to issue
an order today or Tuesday barring U. S. Gov
ernment cargoes to shipowners whose vessels
have traded with Cuba since January 1 . 4 . 4
Britain, Norway, and Greece are among coun
tries whose ships have sailed to Cuba. "
n view of the fact that we have shipped
tons of medical supplies and other strategic
items to Cuba by air, in ransom for the Cubans
whom we betrayed into Cuban prisons by our
Bay of Pigs operation in 1 96 1 , our allies may
wonder at our "cracking down" on their ship
ping; but they are probably already as bewil
dered by our government's behavior and of
cial statements as my Sao Paulo guide is.
What Shoul d We Do?
America is surely headed for disaster if we
do not reverse our foreign policy: stop all for
eign aid programs, stop meddling in the afairs
of other nations, and concentrate on building
our own national defenses and re-establishing
a free economy in the United States.
If we had not given one penny in foreign
aid to any nation since the end of W orId War
II, America would today still be the most
admired, respected, and beloved nation on
earth.
If the staggering quantities of money, which
have been confscated from Americans for aid
to other nations, had been left in the hands of
the Americans who earned the money, our
economy today would be so strong -so free
of inflation and of the crushing burdens of
federal debt and federal taxation -that there
could be no question about our survival and
continued growth as the most prosperous and
productive nation in history.
f only 5 % of the money which we have
spent on aid to, and defense of, foreign nations,
had been spent on genuine national defense,
we would today be impregnable against any
possible assaults -military or economic
from any power or combination of powers
on earth.
Congressional Fund
by Mabeth E. Smoot
becently, a valued friend and customer
took us to task for our inept" advertising
methods : he said we do hot know the frst
thing about selling" the Report.
He cited our stif-necked attitude about
free enterprise. While expressing admiration
for our spirit of independence, he maintained
that we lose badly needed support because we
never ask for it -thus leaving the impression
that our organization is fnanced from some
unknown source not available to others.
To embellish his point, our critic mentioned
a prosperous patriot who, each year, sends sub
stantial contributions to a number of patriotic
organizations and publ i cations . When we
admitted that we have never been among the
recipients, he was almost jubilant. You see! "
he said, I happen to know that he admires
your work more than that of others ; but he is
a busy man; and when he fnally remembers
your possible need, he has already made his
annual contributions to the others who are not
too proud to ask! "
We reminded our friend: a theme often
repeated in this Report is an expression of the
Editor's conviction that government serves
the people best when it leaves them alone to
the greatest degree possible. This was the theme
of the Decl aration of Independence. This
leave us alone" theme was more than a con
viction expressed in the Constitution and Bill
of Rights : it was a direct order !
Dedication to this principle of freedom has
influenced the Report beyond its editorial pol
icy: it is an important principle in our busi
ness policy as well. Since we believe in free
enterprise, it follows that we should practice
it. We want customers, not patrons. It is im-
Page 47
portant to us that our product IS purchased
for its value.
Uut our friend made a point : where,
indeed, should we draw the line between pro
fessional advertising and soliciting? In our pre
occupation with independence, have we closed
the door to those who would like to give us
business in their own way? While one customer
can hardly read eleven copies of each Report,
he might like to make ten subscriptions avail
able, for us to distribute, to students, schools,
libraries. Have we, as our friend implies, left
the impression that we consider such contribu
tions unacceptable?
Should we also have labored the need for dis
tribution of important books ( such as our
annual Bound Volume, The Hope of the
World, The Invisible Govermnent, and Amer
ica's Promise) to students and schools ?
ossibly we have failed to repeat the obvi
ous : the future of our country will remain in
jeopardy until the fundamentals of freedom
have been learned again by an active maj ority
of the American people.
The job of helping to restore our constitu
tional Republic is enormous and exhausting,
and victory is uncertain. But the fght for free
dom has always been costly. Once, in our then
backward land, ffty-six men pledged their
lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to
the cause of liberty . Today, are there ffty -six
among us who would do as much?
5elf -sacrifce is not a virtue we claim, and
this Report is not published in martyrdom. It
is published because its Editor thinks it needs
to be published, and because he enjoys the job.
We do badly need your continued voluntary
support, and we shall probably continue doing
an inept job of telling you so. But once each
year, we do remind you of a responsibility and
fnancial load which we originally assumed
because many of you thought it was impor
tant : that is, the expense of keeping all national
Representatives and Senators on our perma
nent subscription list.
Some of you make annual contributions to
our Congressional Fund ( not tax-exempt, by
the way) which was established so that you,
who think all Representatives and Senators
should receive this Report, can help bear the
cost.
Again this year we will welcome your con
tribution to this Fund. But we wish to reassure
those of you ( and we know there are many)
who are already doing as much as you can with
limited funds : the weekly mailing of each
Report will be made, during 1 9 6 3 , to every
member of the national Congress, because we
know that this service is important.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) On January 3 0, 1 963 , while the Canadian Parliament was engaged
i n heated debate over the question of nuclear weapons for Canadian
defense, our State Department issued a statement denouncing the
position taken by John G. Dicfenbaker, head of the Conservative Party
and Prime Minister of Canada (State Department Press Release Num
ber 5 9 ) . Dicfenbaker is opposed to accepting American nuclear
weapons for Canadian military forces. Canadians were stunned at
this arrogant intervention, by the United States, i n a domestic
Canadian poiitical debat .
( 2) "The Congo Crisis and the Need for Conciliation," speech by Senator
Thomas J. Dodd, COllgressiollal Record, August 3, 1 962, pp. 1 45 28-
1 4 546
( 3 ) COllgressiollal Record, August 6, 1 962, pp. A5998, A5 999
WHO I S DAN
S MOOT ?
Smoot Report.
Page 48
M
1
t1 Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 7 ( Broadcast 392 ) February 1 8, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
AL L I ANCE FOR PROGRE SS - PART I
Alliance for Progress -the current program of United States aid to Latin American
nations -was initiated by Eisenhower ; but it has become the major feature of President
Kennedy's foreign policy.
The President claims that Alliance for Progress is intended to save Latin America from
communism. Actually, the program is using American tax money to fnance, and force
upon Latin American countries, a communist-socialist revolution.
Kennedy has never given any precise estimate of what he expects to spend on Alliance
for Progress ; but general estimates are that the program will cost United States taxpayers
2 billion dollars in the frst ten years. (
1
)
Ori gi ns
he ongms of the Alliance for Progress program are al mos t as uns avory as i t s
consequences.
On July 1 3 , 1 960, Fernando Berckemeyer ( Peruvian Ambassador to the United States )
and Roy R. Rubottom
,
Jr. ( then Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Afairs )
discussed in Washington a suggestion by the Peruvian government that foreign ministers
of all 2 1 American republics meet to discuss the Soviet threat in the Americas.
A committee composed of representatives from seven Central and South American nations
went to work on the Peruvian suggestion. The committee's biggest job was deciding upon
an agenda and a meeting place that would be acceptable to Castro of Cuba ! On July 26,
1 960, the committee announced it had solved this major problem: the foreign ministers'
conference of the Organization of American States could meet at San Jose, Costa Rica ;
and it would consider as its frst order of business, not communist control of Cuba or
6441 Gaston Avenue ) . Subscription rates; $10.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
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Page 49
communist infltration of Latin America, but
charges against General Rafael Trujillo of the
Dominican Republic. The government of
Venezuela had accused Trujillo of plotting to
assassinate Romulo Betancourt, President of
Venezuela.
Ln August 1 6, 1 960, foreign ministers
representing 2 1 American nations, began their
conference at San Jose.
Christian Herter, Eisenhower's Secretary of
State, took the lead in getting the Organiza
tion of American States to take action against
the Dominican Republic.
On August 2 0, 1 9 6 0 , t he Conference
adopted a formal resolution recommending
that all other American nations break diplo
matic relations with the Dominican Republic
and impose severe economic sanctions against
her.
Ln August 2 2, 1 960, Christian Herter
initiated the second stage of the OAS meeting
at San Jose, Costa Rica, by presenting a United
States bill of particulars against Cuba.
On August 2 3 , 1 960, Julio Cesar Turbay
Ayala ( Colombian foreign minister) answered
Herter's charges against Castro. Turbay reaf
frmed his faith in the principles of Castro's
"revolution" and denied that Castro was actu
ally a communist. ' Turbay reviewed, "with
interest, " Castro's charges against the United
States - and deplored the Uni t ed S t at es '
"sugar restrictions" against Cuba ( that is, our
cutting of the sugar subsidy) .
On August 29, 1 960, the foreign ministers
proclaimed the "Declaration of San Jose, "
written by Turbay of Colombia, in which the
members of the Organization of American
States pledged themselves to "democratic prin
ciples"; to the rejection of totalitarian regimes
of "the right or left "; to non-intervention in
each others' afairs ; and to support of the
Organization of American States. The declara
tion did not even mention Cuba.
Thus the San Jose Conference of the Organ
ization of American States -originally pro
posed by Peru for the purpose of discussing
the Soviet threat in Cuba -achieved the
destruction of Trujillo, America's only strong
anti-communist friend in the Caribbean area ;
but did not even scold Castro.
Christian Herter came home from San Jose,
boasting that the United States had achieved
a great diplomatic triumph!
he "frst stage" of the OAS Conference
of 1 960 was completed at San Jose on August
2 0, when the delegates voted to isolate Trujillo
of the Dominican Republic. The "second
stage" was completed on August 29, when
the Declaration of San JOS was adopted.
The "third stage" of the Conference was
conducted not at San Jose, Costa Rica, but at
Bogota, Colombia. The "third stage, " begin
ning on September 6, 1 9 6 0, was a meeting of
the "economic" ministers of the American
republics. This Bogota stage of the OAS Con
ference was, simply, our State Department's
pay-of to the Central and South American
republics for what they had done at San Jose.
ouglas Dillon ( then Eisenhower's Under
Secretary of State) went to the Bogota Con
ference with an Eisenhower promise of 5 00
million dollars of American tax money to be
given Latin American nations.
Dillon began his speech to the Conference
by paying tribute to the role which Turbay
of Colombia had played at the San Jose Con
ference. Remember, Turbay wrote the Decla
ration of San Jose, which turned out to be a
victory for international communism. Turbay
had praised the principles of Castro's revolu
tion; he had viewed, "with interest, " Castro's
charges against the United States ; and he had
denounced the United States' "sugar restric
tions" against Castro.
Before Dillon went to Bogota, the whole
world knew that Eisenhower was sending him
with a promise of 5 0 0 million dollars in aid
to Latin America. But there had been grum
bling throughout Latin America that this was
not enough. Castro was demanding that the
United States inaugurate a 3 billion dollar
aid program to Latin America. Brazil, and
Page 50
most other Latin American nations, were sup
porting the general tenor of Castro's demands,
though the fgures they named were somewhat
less extravagant.
It looked as if our Latin American friends
might not graciously accept Eisenhower's ofer
of 5 00 million dollars.
ouglas Dillon was prepared. He made it
clear that the 5 00 million dollars which he
had come to ofer was a mere drop in the
bucket -j ust a beginning. All of this was to
be used only for "social development. " He
promised bigger and more respectable United
States aid to all of Latin America to continue
"economic development" in that region.
"Social development, " apparently, means
schools, housing, hos pi t al s -t hat s ort of
thing -to be built with money taken away
from Uni ted St a tes taxpayers. Economic
development" seems to mean the continuation
of building, with United States tax money,
roads, harbors, industrial plants ( to compete
with our own, of course) , public buildings,
and so on.
ouglas Dillon won another smashing
"diplomatic victory" for the United States at
Bogota : the Latin American republics agreed
to accept our ofer of 5 00 million dollars for
"social development, " and our promise of bil
lions for "economic development"!
On September 1 3 , 1 9 60, the economic min
isters of the American republics signed the
"Act of Bogota, " "authorizing" a massive pro
gram of United States aid to Latin American
countries.
n his frst inaugural address ( January 20,
1 96 1 ) President Kennedy gave this new aid
to-Latin-America program its current name :
Alliance for Progress. President Kennedy said :
To our sister republics south of our
border, we ofer a special pledge -to convert
our good words in to good deeds -in a new
alliance for progress -to assist free men and
free governments in casting of the chains of
poverty."
/
I

/ Revol utionary Purpose
L. March 1 3 , 1 9 6 1 , speaking to Latin
American diplomats, and members of the U. S.
Congress, President Kennedy said:
I have called on all the people of the
Hemisphere to join in a new Alliance for
Progress B B I have this evening signed a
request to the Congress for $ 5 00 million as a
frst step in fulflling the Act of Bogota. This
is the frst large-scale inter-American efort
-instituted by my predecessor, President
Eisenhower -to attack the social barriers
which block economic progress . . . .
((This political freedom must be accom
panied by social change. For unless necessary
social reforms, including land and tax
reforms, are freely made . . . then our alliance,
our revolution, our dream, and our freedom
will fail & B . " (2)
n his formal message to Congress ( March
1 4, 1 96 1 ) asking for the 5 0 0 million dollars to
initiate the "Alliance for Progress" ( as "auth
orized" by the Act of Bogota) President Ken
nedy again stressed the revolutionary purpose
of this program. Acknowledging that "revo
lutionary new social institutions and patterns
cannot be designed overnight, " President Ken
nedy implied that we must nonetheless begin at
once a crash program to overturn the existing
way of life in Latin America -giving our
aid not on the basis of need, but "on the dem
onstrated readiness of each government to
make the institutional improvements" which
we reqUlre.
This theme of total revolution in Latin
America, fnanced and enforced by United
States tax money under the label of "Alliance
for Progress," was re-emphasized at a Special
Meeting of the Inter-American Economic and
Social Council ( held at Punta del Este, Uru
guay) on August 1 6, 1 9 6 1 . In the formal
declaration issued by the delegates at this meet
ing, the Latin American nations receiving
American aid pledged themselves :
To encourage . . . programs of integral
agrarian reform . . . .
((To assure to workers fair wages and satis
factory working conditions ;
Page 51
T 0 establish efective systems of labor
m
agement relations and procedures . . . .

To reform tax laws, demanding more
fro

those who have most, punishing tax
evasIOn severely, and redistributing the
national income . . . . "(3)
The Revol utionists
Ln November 6, 1 9 6 1 , President Kennedy
announced appointment of Teodoro Moscoso
as Regional Administrator for Latin America
in the new Agency For International Develop
ment -that is, as head of the Alliance for
Progress program. Moscoso
'
is a Puerto Rican
socialist, an early protege of Rexford Guy
Tugwell, the "braintruster" whom Franklin
D. Roosevelt made Governor of Puerto Rico.
Moscoso is also an intimate friend of Romulo
Betancourt, President of Venezuela, who is a
communist.
To understand the grim truth -that Alli
ance for Progress is a crash program with
American tax money to tear Latin America
apart and then reorganize it according to the
communist plan for a "marxist" land -one
needs a little background information on some
of the principal actors in this revolutionary
drama. At present, two of the principals are
Teodoro Moscoso, Kennedy's Chief of the Alli
ance for Progress program; and Romulo Bet
ancourt, communist President of Venezuela.
Former United States Representative John
Rousselot ( Republican, California) did a great
deal of research on Betancourt, and put the
results of his labors into the Congressional
Record: September 2 3 , 1 9 6 1 , pp. 1 9674 f. ;
February 26, 1 9 62, pp. 2703 f. ; July 1 1 ,
1 962 , pp. 1 22 8 8 f.
U. S. Representative William C. Cramer
( Republican, Florida) put into the Congres
sional Record of October 1 3 , 1 9 62 ( pp.
A7702- 3 ) , and February 7, 1 9 6 3 ( pp. 1 8 70
f. ) , more revealing information about Betan
court.
ere, in brief, is the Betancourt story:
As a young man, Betancourt worked openly
as a functionary of the communist interna-
tional in Venezuela. For this communist activ
ity, he was exiled from his homeland in 1 92 8 .
During exile, Betancourt went to Costa Rica
where, with Manuel Mora, he founded the
communist party of Costa Rica and was, for
fve y
ars ( 1 9 3 0- 1 9 3 5 ) head of that party.

W orkmg openly for a communist revolution
throughout Latin America, Betancourt dis
covered that communism could not thus be
sold to the people. It would have to be imposed
upon them by deception. Betancourt devised
hoax. He would "renounce" his membership
m the communist party and return to Vene
uela as an "anti-communist, " and work to

I
pose communism on his homeland by calling

hIS program "anti-communist. "
He did return to Venezuela, gathered his
old communist cr oni es around hi m, and
launch
.
ed his new communist program of
deceptIOn. He had made the mistake, however,
of explaining his scheme in letters to commu
nist friends. These letters fell into the hands
of Venezuelan authorities ; and Betancourt was
again ordered into exile. He evaded this ban
ishment and went underground. For 9 years
he remained in hiding. During that time, he
organized a powerful communist front dis
guised as a political party, which he called
Accion Democratica ( "Democratic Action") .
In 1 94 5 , a military j unta overthrew the
legal government of Venezuela, and turned
to Betancourt for leadership. Be t ancourt
became president of the junta. Using the estab
lished political machinery of Accion Demo
cratica, and appointing communist henchmen
to key posts in government, Betancourt ruled
Venezuela for three years.
His rule was so corrupt and tyrannical that,
on November 24, 1 948 , an uprising of military
ofcers, led by Marcos Perez Jimenez, over
threw Betancourt and his stooges ; and Betan
court again went into exile.
or over nine years, Betancourt remained
in exile. He spent much of that time in New
York City, where he became the darling of
the ultra-liberal, anti-anti-communist crowd
Page 52
of socialist intellectuals -a hero to the lead
ing liberals of the Eisenhower, and later of the
Kenned y, administration.
In 1 9 5 6, Betancourt's communist connec
tions became so obj ectionable that he was
arrested in New York City ( on information
supplied by the FBI ) , was expelled from the
United States, and denied readmittance. He
was, however, permitted to live in Puerto Rico.
Here, he became an intimate of Munoz-Marin,
socialist governor of Puerto Rico, and of T eo
doro Moscoso. (4)
eftist groups in Venezuela ( widely
believed to have been directed and encouraged
by Betancourt's new friends in the American
State Department ) overthrew Marcos Perez
Jimenez in January, 1 9 5 8 . About June, 1 9 5 8 ,
Betancourt returned to Venezuela, revived his
Accion Democratica, and ran for President.
Again with the undercover support of the
American State Department ( which included
widely circulated rumors, in Venezuela, that
if Betancourt's party won the election, Vene
zuela would receive mammoth amounts of aid
from the United States ) , Betancourt was
elected.
Jimenez ( who had given Venezuela the best
government and had brought the nation to
the highest level of prosperity in its history)
was exiled. He sought asylum in the United
States. Betancourt wants him returned to Ven
ezuela so that he can be executed. He has fled
outrageous charges against Jimenez, who is
now in a Miami jail awaiting extradition. The
American State Department and the powerful
leftwing propaganda forces in the United
States ( including, for example, such respec
ted" organs as The Christian Science Monitor)
have for months been conducting a massive
hate - campaign against Jimenez, preparing
public opinion for denying him asylum so that
he can be turned over to Betancourt for liqui
dation.
In 1 9 6 1 , the law frm of Dean Acheson
( who is a Special Adviser to President Ken
nedy) received $ 1 8 0, 000 from Betancourt's
government as a fee for representing Vene-
zuela in the extradition proceedings against
Jimenez. (4)
Al l i ance Showpi ece
%eanwhile, Betancourt's regime in Vene
zuela has become a cesspool of corruption and
tyranny. Despite Venezuela's enormous nat
ural riches ( and despite the hundreds of mil
lions of dollars which Betancourt has obtained
from the United States ) , grinding poverty,
economic chaos, and wild disorder reign in
Venezuela.
The reported "communist" sabotage in Ven
ezuela, and Betancourt's alleged "crack-down"
on communists, are merely part of a hoax
to j ustify Betancourt's seizure of absolute
power, and to help the Kennedy Administra
tion j ustify more aid.
Communist Betancourt's Venezuela is the
land which the Kennedy Administration points
to as the "showpiece of the Alliance for Prog
ress. " ( 5 )
5hortly after Kennedy was inaugurated in
January, 1 96 1 , he appointed Teodoro Moscoso
( Betancourt's old friend) to be Ambassador
to Venezuela. In November, 1 9 6 1 , Kennedy
promoted Moscoso to the post of Chief of the
Alliance for Progress. In December, 1 9 6 1 ,
when it became apparent that Betancourt,
despite his support from Washington, was in
deep trouble in Venezuela, President and Mrs.
Kennedy made a hastily planned visit to him,
to help shore up his sagging regime. Here is an
account of this disgraceful episode in Ameri
can history, in the words of U. S. Representa
tive John Rousselot ( Congressional Record,
February 2 6, 1 9 62, p. 2703 ) :
President Kennedy's trip to Venezuela
was what was needed to bolster Betancourt's
sinking Accion Democratica government. To
the eternal humiliation of the American peo
ple
,
President Kennedy permitted himself to
be used in this desperate Betancourt personal
political maneuver. He permitted himself to
be paraded through the streets of Caracas to
impress upon the discontented Venezuelan
populace that the United States is backing
Betancourt. Before he departed
,
he was per-
Page 53
suaded to deliver a sertes of speeches, obvi
ously prepared for him by his collectivist
aides, hailing the alleged progress of Vene
zuela under Betancourt and pledging gener
ous American loans. "
%r. Rousselot's words do not adequately
portray the shameful behavior of the American
President while visiting communist Betan
court.
President and Mrs. Kennedy arrived in
Venezuela on December 1 6, 1 9 6 1 . In his wel
coming speech, Betancourt ( while praising
Kennedy personally) insulted the United
States with open arrogance. Betancourt praised
Kennedy as a United States President who is
rectifying a long period of ignorance and lack
of comprehension [in the United States] . "
Betancourt denounced the arrogant belief
[in the United States] that the friendship . . .
[of Latin America] was guaranteed to the
United States by the self-appointed rulers and
their courts of small oligarchies. " Betancourt
criticized the bad habits of bureaucratic rou
tine" in the United States, which had slowed
down the fow of United States aid to Latin
America, and demanded speed in satisfying"
the economic, social and cultural under-devel
opment of Latin America.
President Kennedy answered these insults to
the United States by saying:
( ( Your distinguished President Romulo
Betancourt, is demonstrating the capacity of
free men to realize their aspirations without
sacrifcing liberty or dignity.
((He has re-established democratic govern
ment after a decade of dictatorship -and he
has carried forward a solid and responsible
program of economic progress . . . .
((I come [to Venezuela] to take counsel
with your leaders . . . to witness the magnif
cent example of vital democracy which is
being carried forward in Venezuela . . . . "
In another speech at La Morita, on Decem
ber 1 7, President Kennedy said:
( (Here in Venezuela the meaning of the new
Alianza para el Progreso is being demon
strated, for you have made a tradition and
transition from depressive dictatorship into
a free life for the people of this country to
progressive democratic rule under the grant
of the great democratic statesman of the
Western Hemisphere -your distinguished
President Romulo Betancourt . . . .
((Today eighty-six families will receive
their titles to their own homes under a pro
gram which has already settled 3 8, 000 fam
ilies on 3 , 8 00, 000 acres of land.
( (This is your program -the program of
your progressive far-seeing Government
and the people of my country will share in
this program by making available more loans
to build rural homes and more credits to
fnance your crops.
((This program is at the heart of the
Alianza para el Progreso.
,,
(6)
Agrari an Reforms
t is rumored i n Venezuela that farmers who
want to get a piece of land under Betancourt's
agrarian reform" must kick back 1 0 % of
the value to Betancourt' s poli ti cal party
( Accion Democratica) . But even i f we ignore
the graft ( at our expense) what do we fnd,
on close examination, in the agrarian reform"
which President Kennedy praises extrava
gantly, and which he says i s the heart of our
Alliance for Progress program for all of Latin
America? Here is what U. S. Representative
Rousselot found:
((The United States is the greatest example
that could be cited of a nation which has
enriched itself through a constructive agra
rian program. Our program was inaugurated
with the Homestead Act after the Civil War.
((Through this Act, vast stretches of rich
virgin land in the West were brought into
cultivation. The Act did not propose to take
over the productive farms already in opera
tion in New York, Pennsylvania, and Vir
ginia, and cut them up into small uneconomic
holdings. . . . Instead, it directed the new
farmers to uncultivated land on the frontier,
which increased rather than decreased the
Nation's crop production.
((Does Betancourt propose to do this in
Venezuela with the aid of the agrarian reform
millions which President Kennedy promised
him? No indeed. Venezuela has enormous
stretches of uncultivated and good govern
ment-owned land in the provinces of Sucre,
Monaga, Ansoategui, and Bolivar. They are
served by convenient transportation facilities.
Page 54
For the more distant future, it has the empire
sweep of the vast area beyond the Orinoco.
Did Betancourt propose an agrarian plan,
like that of the United States, which would
open up this abundant government-owned
land through an orderly, wealth-producing
program? He did not.
Instead, he launched a program to buy up
land already in successful cultivation and cut
it up into small, uneconomic plots. These plots
were mostly near Caracas where they could
be used as showcase exhibits for credulous
visitors. President Kennedy was taken to one
of these cut-up farms and induced to make a
speech enthusiastically hailing the Betancourt
land program, and promising far-reaching
aid. "(7)
he "agrarian" and other "social" reforms
which our socialist planners are devising, and
fnancing with our money, throughout Latin
America, have sinister aspects.
A Mexican businessman, deeply disturbed
about our Alliance for Progress program, sent
me the following account of what is hap
pemng:
In many Latin American countries the
vast majority of the land areas taken away
from the large land owners is reportedly
divided up among peons or poor rural peas
ants. This sounds lovely to the people who
read it and especially attractive to the Ameri
can people who through their government
DAN SMOOT,
P. O. Box 95 38, Lakewood Station
Dallas 1 4, Texas
and government banks fnance with loans and
grants these so-called agrarian reforms which
appear to give the land to the peasants.
HHowever almost the exact reverse is the
case. Most of the land taken away from the
large land owners is not given to the peons
or peasants, but the ownership is kept by the
governmen ts and only assigned year by year
to the peons. Thereby the former landowner
is replaced by a much bigger landowner
whose local representative is a political
appointee who is able to assign a small piece
of land each year to each peon or refuse it to
him or change him to another piece as he ( the
political appointee) sees ft.
HThe result is, in practice, that the peon
has lost his old patron, who in many cases was
a humane sort of person, and generally lived
on the property at least a part of the year,
and whose ear could be reached by the peon,
as those who have lived in Latin America in
the past can testify. In exchange he has a new
patron who is a faceless, cold, impersonal'
government ofce represented by a frequently
changing political appointee who has no direct
interest in the productivity of the soil and
frequently is principally interested in enrich
ing himself while he holds on to his insecure
job.
The peon does not own any land, he has
no feeling of ownership, does not know how
long he may be permitted to work the same
plot and hence can have no interest in improv
ing the land, and does feel totally dependent
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Page 55
on the whim of the politicians, which is just
what the communists desire and in this way
attain. All the land belongs to the govern
ment.
( (The same is true of most of the govern
ment housing schemes. The houses are not sold
to the people but are ren ted to them. All the
houses belong to the government and this
added to the government control of transpor
tation, telegraphs, movies and the press, is
perfect preparation for the establishment of
the totalitarian state or Communism. Gov
ernment intervention is creeping forward all
the time, and the money which the Alliance
for Progress gives to these leftist governments
only speeds up the march down to Socialism
and eventually Communism.
((American citizens should give as much
importance to stopping the socialistic policies
of the Alliance for Progress as they do to
impeding socialistic legislation in their own
country. United States tax-payers have
already spent many hundreds of millions of
dollars on the Alliance for Progress, in pro
moting policies which are absolutely against
the best interests of the Latin American coun
tries concerned, against their economic and
political freedom, and against the best inter
ests of the United States into the bargain. "
Part I I
N ext week, we will gIve more details on
Alliance for Progress.
Bound Vol ume
he frst, and only, printing of Bound Vol
ume VIn of this Report ( containing the 5 3
issues for 1 962, with table of contents and
extensive index) is of the press. All pre-pub
lication orders have been flled; and we can
now fll all orders within three days after
receipt -as long as the limited supply lasts.
Price : $ 1 0. 00, postage prepaid within the
United States, on a frst-come, frst-paid basis.
We regret to announce that this is the last
Bound Volume which we will be able to ofer
at this price. Bound Volume IX ( for 1 9 6 3 ,
to be available early in 1 964) will cost $ 1 3 . 00.
e have sold out of all Bound Volumes
for the years 1 9 5 5 through 1 96 1 j but we still
have a few copies of the 1 9 6 1 index ( for those
who keep their Reports in binders ) : price,
$ 1 . 5 O. We also have a separate index for the
1 962 Reports, at the same price $ 1 . 5 O.
FOOTNOTES
( I ) The New York Times Magazille, Decemher 1 7, 1 961
( 2 ) "President Kennedy Speaks On The Alliance For Progress," a booklet
published recently by the Agency for International Development, U. S.
Dept. of State
( 3 ) Department of State Publication No. 572, August 1 6, 1 961
(4) Congressional Record, February 7, 1 963, p. 1 87 1 , remarks of William
C. Cramer
( 5 ) Congressiollal Record, Octoher 1 3 , 1 962, pp. A7702-3 , remarks of
William C. Cramer
( 6) The New York Times, Decemher 1 7, 1 961 , p. 37
( 7) CongressiOlal Record, February 26, 1 962, pp. 2706 i.
WHO I S D AN S MOOT ?
In 1 941, he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for the degree
Smoot Report.
Page 56
M
111 Smoot Re,ort
Vol. 9, No. 8 ( Broadcast 393 ) February 25, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
AL L I ANCE FOR PROGRES S - PART I I
n 1 9 5 0, an American dollar was worth 1 8 . 3 Brazilian cruzeiros. By January, 1 962
( despite infation of U. S. currency) , the dollar would buy 3 5 0 cruzeiros.
In January, 1 9 6 3 ( shortly after the United States had granted Brazil another "special"
loan of 3 0 million dollars to "help stabilize the currency") , I visited Brazil. The night I
arrived, an American dollar would buy 600 cruzeiros. My guide advised me not to exchange
any money that night, however, because, he said, I would probably get a better rate of
exchange the next day. I did. The next morning, I bought 6 5 0 cruzeiros for one American
dollar. When I left Brazil eight days later, the rate was fuctuating between 7 5 0 and 8 00
cruzeiros to one American dollar.
During my stay in Brazil, I interviewed numerous people ( middle-class Brazilians, resident
Americans, an ofcial of the United States Information Agency, and so on) . All of them
cited the building of Brasilia as the primary reason for the inflation.
Government Extravagance
Urasilia is the new capital of Brazil, located in the wilds of Goias, on the Brazilian high
lands, about 600 miles inland from Rio de Janeiro, the former capital. Construction on the
city was begun in 1 9 5 7, during the administration of President Juscelino Kubitschek. There
were no inhabitants in the region and no roads to it. Construction steel and most of the heavy
machinery were brought in from the United States. Highways were built through hundreds
of miles of uninhabited country to the major coastal cities of Brazil. And Brasilia was
dedicated as the new national capital in 1 9 60.
I examined the city of Brasilia, closely and carefully, in January, 1 9 6 3 , when i t was less
than six years old. Decay and dilapidation have already set in. It is probably the world's fore
most contemporary monument to the folly of a politically motivated, socialistically planned
economy.
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Page 57
L
scar Niemeyer -Brazilian architect
who helped design the United Nations build
ing in New York -designed all buildings in
Brasilia. Photographed from a distance, they
make striking postcards and fne illustrations
for an article in National Geographic; but,
examined at close range, as places where people
are supposed to live and work, they are ugly.
Niemeyer himself apparently shares my opin
ion. He does not live among the modernistic
oddities which he designed for other people to
occupy: he built for himself an old-fashioned
Brazilian colonial outside the city. The futur
istic buildings, of spectacular design, reveal
inferior construction. Most are still empty and
unfnished. Some apartment houses that are
occupied, already show signs of becoming
slums.
Most of the people in the federal district of
Brasilia still live in the construction-camp
slums that formed when workers were frst
brought in six years ago. The costly highways
running to the coastal cities are, like the wide
avenues of Brasilia, empty of trafc.
resident Kubitschek, a leftwing socialist,
practically bankrupted his nation to build this
preposterous monument to himself. The politi
cal argument for his folly was that, by placing
the national capital inland, the government
would spur migration from the crowded
coastal cities to the vacant interior, where the
climate is good, and fertile soil is abundant.
The scheme has failed miserably. Brasilia is
a modernistic ghost town, where no one wants
to live. Brazilians prefer the feshpots of Rio.
Without exception, every Brazilian I talked
to about Brasilia called it a white elephant. Yet
the nation is now stuck with it. Although there
is a vast quantity of unfnished construction
in the city, there is little construction work
presently being done. I doubt that it will ever
be fnished; and the cost of maintaining it as
is, for a national capital, is quite enough to
overburden the Brazilian economy.
t is impossible to say how much Brazilian
tax money and how much American tax
money went into the construction of Brasilia.
During the six years of its existence, we have
given the Brazilian government more than
enough to pay for the whole thing; but it is
obvious that all of our foreign aid money was
not diverted into this gigantic fasco. Our
money has been spread around a bit, to under
write the activities of other leftwing Brazilian
politicians, to line their pockets, and to
encourage harmful extravagances on the part
of government, and reckless spending on the
part of the people.
Private Extravagance
Aided and encouraged by a foreign govern
ment to spend money it does not have, the
Brazilian government feeds the fre of infation
which is consuming the nation. Some of the
consequences are obvious, despite thick layers
of propaganda, which misrepresent them to
the world. Look, for example, at Sao Paulo,
largest city in Brazil, generally called the Chi
cago of South America, and frequently rhap
sodized as a place which "inspires awe," a
"very model of modern municipal grandeur, a
vision of the 2 1 st century.
, ,
(
l )
In fact, Sao Paulo is a grim, and dangerous,
monument to reckless economic activity arti
fcially stimulated by a socialistic government.
From the downtown hotel room I occupied in
Sao Paulo, I could count upward of 5 0 unfn
ished skyscrapers. A casual glance at such evi
dence of boom and bustle does inspire awe.
But a closer look inspires something else.
Work has obviously been abandoned on
most of these unfnished buildings. Some of
them have been "under construction" for
more than ten years ; and shabby masonry is
already crumbling in many buildings which
may never be fnished and used. No structural
steel is used in any of these new skyscrapers.
They are built of reinforced concrete columns.
The walls are made of a soft, cheap-looking
locally-made brick, poorly laid by unskilled
hands. The brick is covered with plaster, and
the whole building ( those, that is, which have
Page 58
reached this stage of completion") is faced
over with a brilliant Brazilian tile which gives
an appearance of solidity and beauty.
No one knows whether such buildings could
stand a moderate earth-tremor, or even a wind
of hurricane proportions. An American engi
neer, who works in Sao Paulo, expressed to me
the fear that one good shock would leave Sao
Paulo a vast heap of broken concrete and shat
tered masonry. As to that, no one can def
nitely say; but the economic, social, and politi
cal consequences of such construction activity
-throwing up, in reckless profusion, costly
buildings which are abandoned, to decay and
rui n before they are ever fni shed -a re
obvious.
5ome of the unfnished buildings of Sao
Paulo were built with government money"
-that is, American tax money, given to the
Brazilian government as foreign aid, and then
lent to private speculators. But, apparently,
most of the buildings were privately fnanced.
Why would individuals put their money
into such construction, much of which is never
fnished? Having lost confdence in their cur
rency, they were trying to put it into real
estate, something of permanent value. They
could get enough money to start a building,
from private syndicates which charged inter
est rates ranging as high as 48 % per year. But
often, before completion, interest and further
currency-depreciation had consumed all work
ing capital -and no more was available.
As Brazi I Goes . . .
Lccupying about half of the land area of
South America, Brazil dominates the conti
nent. As Brazil goes, so may go the rest of
Latin America. And Brazil, in the hands of
pro-communist politicians, whose policies are
being fnanced by American tax money
through Alliance for Progress , i s headed
straight for communism.
A look at recent Brazilian political history
should make this clear.
rom 1 93 4 to 1 94 5 , Getulio Vargas ruled
Brazil as a dictator, his administrative system
patterned after the corporate state system of
fascist Italy. During his reign, he set up the
Brazilian Labor Party, which continued to
dominate Brazilian politics even after Vargas
was overthrown by the Army in 1 94 5 .
Vargas returned to the Presidency in 1 9 5 0,
having won in the elections by an overwhelm
i ng maj ori t y. I n the name of economi c
nationalism, he socialized the Brazilian petro
leum industry and extended government con
trol over all other industries -even to the
extent of limiting the amount of proft which
foreign corporations could withdraw from
Brazil.
Nonetheless, the United States Government
set up, with Vargas, a j oint commission for
economic development in Brazil, and sup
ported his schemes. Fear that Vargas ( with
United States aid) was restoring his dictator
ship, caused criticism which grew until, in
August, 1 9 5 4, Vargas' palace guard attempted
to assassinate him. Vargas committed suicide
on August 24, 1 9 5 4.
Llections for a new President were held the
following year, 1 9 5 5 . Two of Vargas' fol
lowers -Juscelino Kubi tschek and Joao
Goulart ( who had been Secretary of Labor
under Vargas ) won the ofces of President and
Vice President.
Kubitschek and Goulart were inaugurated
in January, 1 9 5 6. During the elections of
1 9 5 5 , they had been formally supported by
communists. After their inauguration, they
"repudiated" the communists, and announced
a policy of friendly co-operation with the
United States. (2) This, of course, opened the
sluice gates for a flood of American tax-dollars
which enabled Kubitschek to start the building
of Brasilia -and to initiate other policies
which sped the chaotic depreciation of Bra
zilian currency.
\nder the Brazilian Constitution, Kubits
chek could not succeed himself as President.
In the elections of 1 960, J anio Quadros was
Page 59
elected President. Joao Goulart was re-elected
Vice President. They were inaugurated in
January, 1 9 6 1 .
Quadros proclaimed a neutralist foreign
policy. He resumed diplomatic relations with
the communist regimes of Albania, Bulgaria,
Hungary, Rumania ; he expressed support for
the original aspirations" of the Cuban revo
lution of Castro; he exchanged trade missions
with communist China and the Soviet Union
-and sent fnancial envoys to the United
States.
Quadros stirred up a storm of protest in
Brazil by publicly decorating Che" Guevara,
Castro's communist minister of fnance. The
storm never died; and on August 2 5 , 1 9 6 1 -
having been in ofce less than seven months -
President Quadros abruptly resigned and left
the country.
he ofce of President fell to Vice Presi
dent Goulart, who was on his way back to
Brazil from a visit to communist China.
Goulart's record of leftwing activities
of working with and through communists and
their sympathizers -aroused the fears of
many Brazilians, including the military, who
opposed his succession to the Presidency.
Before Goulart was permitted to become
President, the Brazilian Congress adopted a
constitutional amendment which set up a par
liamentary form of government, transferring
principal executive authority from the Presi
dent to a Council of Ministers. (3 )
When fnally inaugurated as President,
Goulart surrounded himself with pro-com
munist assistants, proclaimed his devotion to
the neutralist" foreign policy of Quadros -
and then made a state visit to the United
States. In Washington, he spoke to a j oint ses
sion of Congress, scolding the American legis
lators for giving so little money to Brazil, and
demanding a new and immediate gift of
another 5 00 million dollars.
(
4)
beturning to Brazil with almost groveling
assurances, from the Kennedy Administration,
of increased Alliance for Progress aid, Presi
dent Goulart, thus elevated in prestige, took
immediate steps toward eliminating the parlia
mentary system so that he could become a
virtual dictator.
His communist and pro-communist under
lings, working through the Brazilian Labor
Party and the unions, incited a series of riots
and strikes throughout the nation. ( 5 ) The
res ul ti ng chaos and economi c s t agna ti on
created a demand ( planted and nourished, of
course, by Goulart's henchmen) for elimina
tion of the cumbersome parliamentary system,
and for restoration of a strong presidency"
which could do something" in the crisis.
The Brazilian congress resisted, but eventu
ally decided that the issue must be put to the
people in a national plebiscite, to be held on
January 6, 1 9 6 3 .
Goulart played his trump card j ust a short
time before the voting occurred. In December,
1 9 62, he proclaimed a law" ordering all busi
ness frms operating in Brazil to pay an extra
month's salary to all workers.
This fne bonus, for which Goulart got
credit, did the job it was supposed to do:
Goulart won by a fve-to-one margin in the
national plebiscite of January 6, 1 96 3 . All
obstacles against Goulart becoming an elected
pro-communist dictator -with promises of
American Alliance for Progress tax dollars to
back him -are now removed.
talked to responsible Brazilians, and to
resident American businessmen, about the
December bonus which Goulart ordered all
business frms to pay. How could the frms
stand such a blow? Simple ! American frms
( many of which are operating under guaran
tees-against-loss from the American govern
ment ) paid the bonus and took the loss, which
would in due course be passed on to American
taxpayers.
Brazilian frms which could not stand to
pay the bonus were permitted to go urder
if their management was not friendly to the
Goulart regime, or if the administration
Page 60
wanted to gain control of their properties.
Brazilian frms friendly to the Goulart admin
istration were given federal tax rebates large
enough to cover the enforced bonus payments.
The resultant loss to the Brazilian national
treasury was covered by Alliance for Progress
money from the United States, and by more
worthless printing-press Brazilian currency.
Al l iance for Pol iticians
American aid money enabled Kubitschek
to build Brasilia, for the purpose of spurring
Brazilians to migrate inland; and American aid
money has helped guarantee the failure of the
migration scheme.
With American aid money, Brazilian poli
ticians periodically feed and entertain the lazy
and illiterate thousands who crowd into the
squatters camps of Rio and other large coastal
cities. If they moved to the interior, they
would have to work -and they would miss
all the free fun.
With American aid money, the Brazilian
government also caters to the urban vote by
subsidizing certai n food costs for certain
groups of city voters. Some low-rent Alliance
for Progress housing ( owned and controlled
by the Brazilian government ) has already been
completed in the big coastal cities ; and vast
quantities more are promised. Why should
easy-going Brazilians give up the reality and
prospects of such easy, American-subsidized
living, to face the rigors of work and self
support in the undeveloped interior?
An article entitled U. S. Betting on Mexico
-But There's Trouble Ahead, " in the Febru
ary 2 5 , 1 96 3 , issue of U. S. News f World
Report, reveals that the same sort of thing is
happening in Mexico. Indeed, it is happening
all over Latin America.
Onl y Leftwi ngers
Jhe only Latin American politicians which
the Kennedy Administration will support with
our Alliance for Progress tax dollars are the
leftwingers -socialists and pro-communists.
Note, for example, this signifcant item from
the front page of the December 1 7, 1 962, issue
of The N nus, an English-language newspaper
published in Mexico City:
!!President Jorge Alessandri of Chile today
wound up a week-long visit to the United
States, which he is confdent helped dispel
impressions that his government is too con
servative to lead in the drive to bring eco
nomic and social reform to Latin America.
!!Chile and Colombia have been singled out
by the Kennedy Administration for large
scale aid under the Alliance for Progress."
Jhese leftwing politicians use American
money to create socialistic enterprises, thus
destroying private enterprise. Note, for exam
ple, these passages from the U. S. News f
World Report article on Mexico, mentioned
above :
Mexican businessmen and foreign inves
tors are concerned . . . over steady and increas
ing inroads by the Government into industry
and manufacturing . . . . a gradual expansion
of Government ownership of a vast network
of businesses . . . . [ ranges] from railroads,
electric power, petroleum and natural gas,
steel mills, and airlines to automobile produc
tion and drug manufacture.
!!As a result, a new class of public ofcials
has developed in Mexico. These are the direc
tors and administrators of the Government
run industries. They have all the prestige and
power of business ownership, plus the power
of Government -all without risk of their
own money.
!!T 0 this new type of managers and admin
istrators, it seems perfectly normal that the
Government continues to expand its partici
pation in the economy and to regulate that
which it does not own. The result has been
a marked increase in Government control of
business through legislation, decrees, import
controls, and licenses. "
American tax money is fnancing this com
munizing of Mexico -and an even greater
program is being planned. Note these passages
from the same U. S
.
News f Worid Report
article :
Page 61
Mexico, it now appears, is to be built up
as a show place of the Alliance for Progress in
Latin America.
Plans for injections of huge sums -up to
3 billion dollars -into the Mexican economy
are under study here by ofcials of the U. S.
sponsored Alliance and the World Bank . . . . "
Resul ts
And what are the results of these injections
of huge amounts of American tax money,
through the hands of leftwing politicians, into
the economy of Mexico? From the U. S. News
f World Report article on Mexico:
( ( Private businessmen, alarmed by this
trend [toward government ownership and
control of business] have reacted by spurning
new investments in Mexico and turning to less
vulnerable investments abroad. Flight of
capital from Mexico in 1 9 6 1 , mainly due to
concern over this factor, is conservatively
estimated at 1 5 0 millions. "
rivate capital in Latin America is the only
hope for gradual transformation of agrarian,
semi-feudalistic societies ( through an orderly
process of growth) to the point where the
people can understand, sustain, and perpetuate
modern industrialism.
Our Alliance for Progress money is rapidly
driving out all of the private capital and
encouraging governments to spend money they
do not have. As we pour our tax money in,
private investors pull theirs out and stash it
away in Swiss banks, or invest it in European
industry. At the same time, our aid money is
fnancing the destruction of governmental
systems and social arrangements which are the
only protection against wild disorder and
bloody violence.
And when blood runs in the streets, we will
get the blame, because we are so closely identi
fed with the policies producing the disorder.
One by one, the Latin American nations ( with
Brazil, perhaps, in the vanguard) Iay turn to
outright communist dictatorships as the only
"1 d d " way to restore aw an or er.
They Know What They Are Doi ng
t cannot accurately be said that our gov
ernmental leaders do not understand what is
happening in Latin America. In the latter part
of 1 9 6 1 , Senator Mike Mansfeld ( New Fron
tier Democrat from Montana, who is Senate
Majority Leader) spent a few days in Brazil as
a member of a Senate Study Mission. On Janu
ary 2 2 , 1 9 62, he reported his observations on
Brazil to the Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations. Here are extracts from Senator
Mansfeld's report : (6)
Inflation . . . discourages personal savings
and impairs long-term investment in produc
tive enterprise. It has pushed interest rates up
to 3 and 4 percent a month. A great deal of
capital has been diverted into speculative, if
spectacular, real estate construction and
other enterprises with low social value . . . .
Hit is impossible to form an estimate of the
amount of indigenous capital that has fed the
country and is now held in Europe and the
United States. Nevertheless, in informed cir
cles in Brazil, the belief is general that the
amount is very great. At the same time,
foreign capital is showing hesitancy in fow
ing into Brazil. . . . It is not unreasonable to
suppose that the hesitancy is likely to grow if
fnancial chaos continues to threaten in Brazil
and if the recent indications of political hos
tility to foreign business persist . . . . Within
Brazil, moreover, credit has flowed very
loosely, encouraging speculation and proft
eering. At the same time, there have been
large defcits in the Government budgets,
year after year
HFor the most part, the . . . poor have
poured into and around the cities from rural
areas, in the hope of fnding living conditions
which might be superior to those in the impov
erished countryside & & &
The northeast contains 2 5 million inhabi
tants, more than a third of Brazil's popula
tion. It is a region of immense stretches of
empty lands, forests, and a few vast agricul
tural estates, and innumerable subsistence
farms . . . . The region has characteristics
which are similar to those in impoverished
agricultural sectors of the Mediterranean
coun tries . . . and in some underdeveloped
regions of Asia. Per capita income is in the
Page 62
neighborhood of $ 1 00 a year . . . . Infant
mortality rates are high and average life
expectancies short. Illiteracy is wide-spread.
There is very limited availability of modern
medical care and other social services. B
( (The planning agency for the development
of the northeast . . . is known in Brazil as
Sudene. . . . The Sudene concept. . . . will
involve vast outlays of funds, Brazilian and
foreign B B B
( ( Nei ther techni cal s hortcomi ngs nor
fnancing, however, may be the major ques
tion mark as to the feasibility of the Sudene
plan. The more fundamental difculty may
lie in Brazilian society. B B "
here, Senator Mansfeld puts his fnger
on one fatal flaw in all of our aid programs to
underdeveloped countries. A nation of people
who are incapable of producing a complex,
modern industrial society are quite incapable
of maintaining one. They have had enough
contact with modern society to yearn for its
material benefts ; but, in this yearning, they
are like small children who wish for a high
powered automobile to do with as they please.
Outside eforts ( such as we are making) to
give the underdeveloped peoples an industrial
economy ( before they have gone through
generations of slow self-development that is
necessary to produce one) will be harmful to
DAN SMOOT,
Dallas 1 4, Texas
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them and to others, j ust as giving the child an
automobile would be.
5enator Mansfeld touches on some of the
dangers involved in our aid programs to Brazil
( and, similarly, to other Latin American coun
tries ) . He says :
((This nation's policies with respect to
Brazil tread a very delicate line, particularly
as they pertain to the Alliance for Progress.
B B What is not yet clear is whether aid can,
in fact, contribute to evolutionary change.
On the contrary, there is a strong presump
tion in present circumstances that signifcant
assistance will not do much more than pro
long and intensify the present unsatisfactory
situation.
((Moreover, such assistance will link us very
closely with that situation, and if it then col
lapses, all of our interests are likely to be more
adversely afected than would otherwise have
been the case."
Yet, Senator Mansfeld continues among the
foremost in supporting Kennedy' s massive
Alliance for Progress aid program.
What Shoul d Be Done?
I do not know -and, obviously, no one
else knows -how to solve these critical prob-
years ) ( == months ) to THE DAN
PRINT NAME
STREET ADDRESS
Page 63
lems in South America. Our government has
no constitutional right to try to solve them.
We should, therefore, compel the Congress of
the United States to stop the Alliance for
Progress program abruptly
.
Would not all the Latin American nations
then turn to communism? Perhaps. But now
we are speeding their march toward com
munism with our aid.
f we pauperized the United States by giv
ing all of our wealth to the cause of promoting
a prosperous, stable Latin America, we would
still fail ; and, by our efort, we would hurt the
people of Latin America more than we would
help them.
Even if the Latin American people were
capable of absorbing and using constructively
the help we give them, there is not enough
wealth in the United States to raise a nation
like Brazil to the level of educational, scien
tifc, cul tural , commerci al , and industrial
development that prevailed in Czechoslovakia
in 1 948 . But even if our aid could uplift Brazil
to that extent -would that keep the com
munists from taking over, as they took over
the advanced and highly developed nation of
Czechoslovakia?
he fact is that the disease of communism
does not breed in the bellies of men.
Statistics
irect u. s. aid to Alliance for Progress
countries from 1 946 to August, 1 962, is as
follows : (7)
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
San Salvador
Uruguay
Venezuela
TOTAL
$ 1 , 027, 3 00, 000
2 8 6,400, 000
3 , 1 93 ,400, 00 0
904, 700, 000
5 76, 1 0 0, 000
1 3 6, 700, 000
9,400, 000
1 3 9, 000, 000
2 07,900, 000
1 27, 700, 000
54, 3 00, 000
1 , 246, 5 0 0, 000
98, 400, 00 0
1 2 1 , 1 00, 000
68, 600, 000
6 3 0, 600, 000
2 3 ,400, 000
1 2 0,400, 000
3 3 3 , 600, 000
$9, 3 05 , 5 00, 000
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Giant Brazil," National Geographic, September, 1 962, D. 306
( 2) Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 4, D. 4 5 1 c
( 3 ) This Changing World: For Commanders: Armed Forces 1,/or1lation
alld Education, published by the Department of Defense, Vol. . No. 8,
1 November 1 961
( 4) Newsletter of United States Representative Richard H. Pof (Republi
can, Virginia) , dated April 1 6, 1 962
(5) "Toward a Soviet Brazil," by Robert Morris, The WI,derer, January
1 7, 1 963
( 6) Brazil and United States Policies: Report 0/ Smator Mike Mansfeld to
the Foreign RelatiollS Committee, United States Senate, U. S. Govern
ment Printing Ofce, February, 1 962
( 7) "Our Crazy Foreign Giveaway Program; Extension of Remarks of
Hon. Alvin E. O'Konski of Wisconsin," Congressi01al Record, August
6, 1 962, DD. A5998, A5 999
Smoot Report.
Page 64
M
1
11 Smoot leport
Vol. 9, No. 9 ( Broadcast 394) March 4, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
DE FI CI T FI NANC I NG- PART I
Ln January 1 7, 1 96 3 , President Kennedy submitted his budget message, saying that he
was recommending spending increases only i n defense, space exploration, and interest on
the national debt -but that he was reducing all other programs. Yet his message recom
mended enormous increases in the programs he said he was reducing.
In his "Tax Reduction and Reform" message of January 24, 1 96 3 , the President ham
mered the theme that the reductions and the reforms were inescapably tied together -that
Congress must not approve reductions, without also approving reforms.
But on February 2 5 , 1 9 6 3 , the President revealed that he is interested only in politically
popular tax-reduction. He said:
HWhatever is necessary to get that bill, I would support."
t is easy to see these obvious departures from truth in the President's budget-and-tax
proposals. It is easy to see that quality of being a spoiled child, which is Kennedy's hall
mark: he will do anything to get what he wants.
But we need some background to understand the "new principle" contained in the
President's 1 964 budget message -the principle of the planned defcit.
Roosevel t Years
Ln July 3 0, 1 9 3 2, Franklin D. Roosevelt said :
HRevenues must cover expenditures by one means or another. Any government, like
any family, can, for a year, spend a little more than it earns. But you know and I know
that a continuation of that habit means the poor house." (1)
n every year of Roosevelt's administration, the federal government spent a great deal
more than it collected in taxes. Here are the federal defcits for the 9 peacetime fscal years
of Franklin D. Roosevelt :
Page 65
1 9 3 3
1 9 3 4
1 9 3 5
1 9 3 6
1 9 3 7
1 9 3 8
1 9 3 9
1 940
1 941
Total
$ 2, 602, 000, 000
3 , 63 0, 000, 000
2, 79 1 , 000, 000
4, 42 5 , 000, 000
2, 777, 000, 000
1 , 1 77, 000, 000
3 , 8 62, 000, 000
3 , 9 1 8, 000, 000
6, 1 5 9, 000, 000
$ 3 1 , 3 41 , 000, 000(
2)
ône of Roos evel t ' s defi ci t s were
"planned, " however. Throughout, he main
t ai ned the pret ens e t hat he expect e d, or
wanted, a balanced budget.
Roos evel t ' s peaceti me defcit spending
proved that government cannot spend a
nation into prosperity. The spending ( with the
consequent governmental controls and med
dling in the economy, and governmental favor
itism to certain groups at the expense of other
groups) was ostensibly intended to get the
nation out of depression ( which had been
caused by governmental spending, meddling,
and favoritism during and following World
War I) . Yet, the depression did not abate
until our war economy began at the end of
the 1 9 3 0's.
American liberals have ignored this obvious
lesson. Every President since Roosevelt has
i ncreased the federal debt, spending more
money than the government had, borrowing
from future generations, on the presumption
that government spending would make the
nation prosper.
Post War Years
ollowing World War II, President Tru
man ( unable to spend as much as he desired
on domestic programs ) initiated the program
of giving our wealth away to foreign nations,
under the pretext of fghting communism.
The more foreign aid we gave to fght com
munism, the faster communism grew -feed
ing on the aid we were giving.
This fact became so apparent that liberal
leaders ( whi l e never admi tting the fac t )
began to alter the pretext for foreign aid.
Into the foreign aid arguments there came
the theme that giving aid was no drain on our
economy -it was a stimulant which was good
for our economy. Moreover, it was saving us
money on defense, because i t is cheaper to
subsidize foreign armies to defend the world
than it would be to defend the world with our
own troops ! This argument ignores the consti
tutional truth that the American government
has no right or responsibility to defend the
rest of the world, either with American troops
or with subsidized foreign troops. It ignores
the fact that our aid to build the defenses of
the free world actually weakens those defenses,
because recipient nations, instead of looking to
their own defenses, tend to put their money
into civilian spending, letting us carry most of
the load for world-wide defense.
he American public could not forever be
persuaded to accept this "defense" argument
for foreign aid. Hence, there was another
subtle alteration of argument : we are giving
aid to other nations to make them prosperous
enough to be good customers ; we cannot
remain prosperous if they do not buy from us ;
and they cannot buy from us unless we help
them become prosperous. This is like saying
that a neighborhood groceryman must give
away money so that people in the neighbor
hood will have money to buy his groceries. The
argument also ignores the fact that the real
prosperity of America never was dependent on
foreign trade, but resulted primarily from our
great domestic market.
his foreign aid argument also wore thin.
The European nations ( given aid so that they
could recover and become prosperous cus
tomers ) did recover.
European ( and Japanese) industries are
largely free of the crushing weight of taxation
imposed on American industries. They are free
of the excessive labor costs which the favor
tism of federal law and policy help monopo
listic unions in the United States to impose on
American industry. European ( and Japanese)
industries can obtain American raw materials
Page 66
( cotton, for example) at prices considerably
below what American industries have to pay,
because the American government subsidizes
the cost for the foreign industries, and taxes
Americans to help pay for the subsidy.
European ( and Japanese) industries have
new plants and facilities, built with tax money
taken, in part, from American industries
which cannot aford to modernize their own
plants ; and foreign industries have been given,
without charge, techniques and special knowl
edge which American industry had developed
at great cost, by trial and error, through the
years.
ith such advantages, Western European
nations receiving our aid did indeed become
prosperous ; but they did not, as promised in
the foreign aid arguments, become better cus
tomers for American goods. They found that
they could buy goods cheaper elsewhere,
because American goods were so burdened
with tax-and-Iabor costs that they were priced
above the world market. So, the nations which
we helped to prosperity ( and are still helping,
despite their prosperity) increased their trade
with each other, and started capturing not
only America's traditional foreign markets,
but also started making serious inroads into
the American domestic market.
Jhis condition became so apparent and so
appalling that another alteration in the foreign
aid argument became necessary. We are still
aiding the advanced and prosperous nations,
disguising the aid, for the most part, as
"defense" or "mutual security" spending. We
are still paying for much of the military
defense of the prosperous nations ; but we have
de-emphasized "economic" aid to them.
Now, we are emphasizing economic aid to
underdeveloped countries. The primary argu
ments for our aid to the underdeveloped
nations are ( 1 ) that our aid helps to secure
foreign sources of critical materials which
America needs not only for prosperity but for
survi val ; and ( 2 ) that our aid will help the
underdeveloped nations to economic, political,
and social stability and thus forestall their
turning to communism.
These arguments ignore the fact that the
United States could- produce, within conti
nental boundaries, the materials necessary in
modern industry; and they ignore the fact that
our aid, far from creating stability in the
underdeveloped lands, is creating economic,
political, and social chaos -and is actually
fnancing the growth of socialism, which is a
prerequisite preparation for communist con
quest in the underdeveloped countries.
American Prosperity
hus, the program of defcit spending to
make the country prosperous has grown and
developed since Roosevelt initiated the pro
gram as national policy in 1 9 3 3 We did not
become prosperous during the frst eight years
of the program.
For about one year prior to our entry into
World War II, we did enjoy national pros
perity, which resulted not so much because of
spending by our own government, but because
of artifcial stimulation of American trade
abroad.
There was enormous economic activity in
the United States during the four years of our
participation in World War II, but it is not
accurate to say that we were nationally pros
perous during that period. A civilian popula
tion unable to obtain luxury goods and severely
restricted in its consumption of essential goods
can hardly be called prosperous, regardless of
how busy it is or of how much money is
circulating.
Lur real national prosperity began in
1 946, after World War II. This prosperity,
however, did not result from the spending of
our federal government : it developed in spite
of governmental spending.
In spite of governmental harassment and
excessive taxation, American industry and
American working men ( with incredible inge-
Page 67
nuity and vigor) moved, after World War II,
to supply the stored up demands of the Ameri
can domestic market. The population expan
sion which followed World War II expanded
the domestic market. The American economy,
despite everything the socialist planners in
Washington could contrive to do, had ten years
of fabulous growth.
Decl i ne Sets I n
And then the reckoning! I n the latter
1 9 5 0's, our economic growth began to slow
down. Even the American economy could not
continue running at great speed, while carry
ing the enormous, ever-increasing burdens
imposed on it by government. The marvelous
American economy began to stagger under the
load.
What staggered it most was the penetration,
by American subsidized foreign industries, of
our domestic market -the source of, and the
key to, American prosperity.
Foreign producers, using production facili
ties and skills which our government had given
them, began underselling Americans not only
in world markets, but in the American market.
For the frst time in modern history, foreign
producers of basic commodities like coal could
undersell American producers in the American
market
.
Ceramics plants and pottery factories
in West Virginia went bankrupt because of
foreign competition. Carpetmaking factories
and textile mills in New England either went
bankrupt or moved to southern states where
right-to-work laws give workers and employ
ers some protection against union bosses.
Americans were even importing barbed wire
( a commodity invented by Americans and, for
a long time, produced almost exclusively in
America) .
Uy 1 9 5 8 , conditions had become so bad
that politicians ( whose programs had caused
the conditions ) grew shrill in demanding that
something be done ; but not one of them sug
gested stopping the governmental programs
doing the damage. They suggested that we
accelerate the harmful programs, but that we
compensate the people and the areas thus
harmed by giving them handouts from the
federal t reas ury -handout s for ur ban
renewal, public works, unemployment com
pensation, manpower retraining, school build
ing, road construction, and so on.
Fl ight of Gol d
A signifcant result of this relative decline
in the American economy ( decline, that is, in
comparison with the growth of competing
foreign economies ) is the flight of our gold
reserve to foreign nations -and the deprecia
tion of American currency throughout the
world. This is another condition which Roose
velt laid the basis for in the 1 9 3 0's.
In May, 1 9 3 3 , Congress passed the Agricul
tural Adj ustment Act, authorizing the Presi
dent, among other things, to reduce the weight
of the gold dollar which contained 2 5 . 8 grains
of gold.
The announced purpose was to raise prices.
If government could reduce the gold content,
it could issue more dollars -which would not
be worth as much as the old dollars. Hence, a
merchant who had been charging $ 2. 00 for a
pair of shoes would have to charge more,
because the dollars he accepted in exchange for
the shoes had less purchasing power. The prices
of all other commodities, and of labor, would
have to go up accordingly and for the same
reason. This would require the circulation of
more money.
êw Deal economists said this increased
circulation of money would stimulate our
economy. Yet, they knew that people would
not willingly accept the cheapened currency;
so they used the force of law. In the Agricul
tural Adjustment Act of 1 9 3 3 , which author
ized the President to cheapen the dollar, there
was a provision that all coins and currencies of
the United States had to be accepted as legal
tender, dollar for dollar. "
This meant that, if someone owed you 5 0
dollars, each of which had the value of 2 5 . 8
grains of gold, and he ofered to pay you back
Page 68
with dollars that were not worth that much
you had to accept.
Uut government was still tied to the gold
standard. There still had to be some fxed
relation between the amount of gold reserve
the government had and the amount of cur
rency it could issue.
On January 3 0, 1 9 3 4, Congress abolished
gold coinage and our standard gold dollar. It
became illegal for Americans even to possess
gold coins, much less try to use them. The
President promptly reduced the weight of the
gold dollar from 2 5 . 8 grains to 1 5 . 24 grains -
a reduction of 40 per cent in our standard of
value.
This meant that Roosevelt, by one stroke,
had confscated 40% of the savings and invest
ments of every person in the land. A man who
had struggled and saved and denied himself for
thirty years to lay aside $ 1 0, 000 for his old-age
retirement found that those dollars -in terms
of what they would now buy for him -were
worth only $ 6000.
Government could do this to its own citi
zens, because it could put them in prison if they
resisted. But it could not do it to foreigners. So,
ever since 1 93 4, the United States government
pays its obligations to its own citizens in what
ever kind of currency it wants to issue, but
foreigners can demand gold in exchange for the
American dollars they hold.
A good history of this operation can be
found in Infation in the United States, a little
book written by Paul Bakewell, Jr. , and pub
lished in 1 9 5 8 by The Caxton Printers, Ltd. ,
Caldwell, Idaho. Price : $ 1 . 00.
Lovernment took possession of the nation's
gold and stored it at Fort Knox, and fxed its
price at 3 5 dollars an ounce. The government
sells the gold to industrial and medical users.
It exchanges it for American currency which
foreigners hold, when they demand exchange.
And the government is required by l aw to keep
in this gold reserve an amount equal in value
( at $ 3 5 . 00 an ounce) to 2 5 % of issued Federal
Reserve currency. At present, this means that
the law requires approximately 1 2 billion
dollars to be held in our gold reserve as backing
for our currency.
or many years, the special privilege of
foreigners -to exchange their dollar holdings
for gold -seemed to make little diference.
Our economy was the strongest in the world.
The American dollar was considered as good as
gold, everywhere. Foreigners who got Ameri
can dollars did not care to exchange them for
gold, because, aware of the great strength of
the American economy, they had as much
confdence in American dollars as they had in
gold.
But when foreigners begin to lose confdence
in the American economy, they begin to lose
confdence in our dollar. At that point, they
are careful not to accumulate many American
dollars. They present their American paper
currency to the U. S. Treasury and demand
gold in exchange.
here do foreigners get American cur
rency in the frst place? From our govern
ment's aid and spending and lending programs
abroad; from private American purchases
overseas ; from domestic American purchasing
of foreign goods ; and from American capital
investments abroad.
By these means, we have been pouring vast
quantities of American currency into foreign
hands for many years. American spending
abroad is, of course, ofset by American selling
abroad. Foreigners buy American goods, and
spend their money in America.
The diference between this two-way flow
of money is called our international balance of
payments. If we spend more abroad than we
sell, we have an unfavorable balance of pay
ments situation: foreigners build up a surplus
of American dollars, which they can exchange
for the gold in our gold reserve. When such a
condition persists for any length of time, we
have a flight of our gold reserve to foreign
lands.
Page 69
If foreigners can get enough surplus Ameri
can currency to demand all of the gold in our
reserve, and do demand it, America will then
have a worthless currency, because it will have
no backing. Foreigners will no longer accept
American money because there will be no gold
behind it. Wild inflation, with all its terrible
consequences, will begin at that point.
Uy the mid- 1 9 5 0's, astute foreign investors
noticed the relative decline in the overbur
dened American economy. Foreign industries
were overtaking American industries in pro
ductivity and sales. The diference between the
strained American economy and the economies
of nations we were aiding began to level of
fast. Other nations were outpacing us in eco
nomic growth; some were on the verge of sur
passing us in actual economic strength.
The foreign investors ( previously content to
keep their American dollars and their holdings
of other American securities ) began selling
them, and taking gold out of the U. S. reserve.
By 1 9 5 8 , this flight of the American gold
reserve had become so alarming and conspic
uous that mention of it began to appear in
fnancial columns of the nation's press
though governmental ofcials never acknowl
edged the condition.
On September 2 3 , 1 9 5 8 , Sam Dawson,
fnancial columnist for the Associated Press,
mentioned the sharp drop in Amrecia's gold
reserve ; but he expressed optimism. He said
the flight of our gold had stopped and that we
still had a 2 1 billion dollar reserve which, he
said, was enough to meet all foreign claims and
to back our currency.
%r. Dawson was a bad prophet. Since
1 9 5 8 , an additional 6 billion, 8 02 million, 484
thousand, 8 79 dollars ( $ 6, 8 02,484, 8 79. 00)
worth of our gold reserve has passed into for
eign hands.
On January 9, 1 96 3 , our total gold reserve
was 1 5 billion, 978 million, 1 1 3 thousand, 68 5
dollars ( $ 1 5 , 978 , 1 1 3 , 68 5 . 00 ) .
Law requires that 1 2 billion of the gold
reserve be kept as backing for American cur-
rency. This left, on January 9, 1 96 3 , approxi
mately 4 billion dollars in our gold reserve to
meet all foreign claims. On that date, estimated
foreign claims on our gold reserve ( which
could be presented as demands at any moment )
t ot al ed 2 1 bi l l i on, 6 0 0 mi l l i on dol l ars
( $ 2 1 , 600, 000, 000. 0 0 ) .
(
3)
n other words, America, at the beginning
of 1 96 3 , was already at the mercy of foreign
investors and foreign governments. We did not
actually own any of the gold reserve at Fort
Knox. Foreigners had more than 2 1 billion
dollars worth of claims against the 4 billion
dollars of reserve which we held to meet their
claims ; and their claims against our gold were
increasing at the rate of 900 million dollars a
year.
If these foreigners should suddenly sell the'ir
American holdings and demand payment in
gold ( as a result of some development which
caused them to lose faith completely in the
American economy) we would be bankrupt.
The resulting panic would be more terrible
than anything the world has ever seen.
With the great, colorful bubble of "pros
perity" punctured, America, almost overnight,
could become an impoverished land of closed
factories, unemployment, and worthless cur
rency; and it lies within the power of foreigners
to do the puncturing.
Jhat was the precarious condition of the
economy of the United States on January 1 7,
1 96 3 , when President Kennedy submitted the
most stupefying budget in the history of the
world -a budget which, if adopted, could
precipitate the fnal rush on our gold reserve.
Khrushchev Is Wai ti ng
Ln January 1 7, 1 96 3 , U. S. Representative
Clarence Cannon, Chairman of the House
Appropriations Committee, stood in the House
to comment on President Kennedy's budget
message. Representative Cannon, a Democrat
from Missouri, is a new-fair dealer with an old
and earned reputation as a liberal spender of
public money, a man who on many occasions
Page 70
has extended himself to defend the legend of
the late great spender Franklin D. Roosevelt ;
a man who says he has the "highest afection
and the warmest regard" for President Ken
nedy. Yet Cannon dramatically revealed that
Kennedy was distorting fact when alleging, in
his budget message, that non-defense spending
is being held back. Cannon said:
ttl have listened to messages from Presidents
here in the House for 40 years, but in all that
time I have never seen or heard a budget mes
sage like this one, and neither have you; nor
has anyone else.
t tThis budget is the recordbreaker . . . . It
proposes to spend $9 8, 8 02, 000, 000. That tops
the peak of World War II spending by $ 5 00, -
000, 000 when the sky was the limit and sur
vival the sole object.
uOnly once before -in fscal 1 9 5 9 -has
the budget in peacetime ex c e e d e d the
$ 1 1 ,902, 000, 000 defcit shown in this budget.
And impressions to the contrary, more than
$ 6, 600, 000, 000 of that tentative defcit fgure
cannot be ascribed to loss through tax cuts or
revIsIons or nat i on a 1 defense spending
increases. Nor will rising space and interest
expenditures account for it. Nondefense
spending beyond available revenues is heavily
involved B B B
uThe defcit estimate of $ 1 1 , 902, 000, 000
for 1 964, following as i t does an $ 8, 8 1 1 , 000, -
000 defcit i n the current year, and a $ 6, 3 78, -
000, 000 defcit i n fscal 1 962, would add to
the staggering sum of $ 27, 09 1 ,0 00, 000 of
DAN SMOOT,
Dallas 1 4, Texas
SMOOT REPORT. I enclose $ ..... .
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
$10 for 1 year
$ 6 for six months
$12.50, frst class mail
for 1 year
$14.50, air mail
for 1 year
including Canada
red-ink spending in 3 years. And that follows
defcits of $2 1 ,9 5 3 , 000, 000 in the previous 8
years for the shocking total of $49, 044, 000, -
000 since the war ended in Korea.
uAh, but you say we have had to defend
the country . . . . Let me cite a few fgures
taken from the budgets.
uThis 1 964 budget proposes spending of
$4,49 1 million above 1 9 6 3 -and $ 2, 062
million of the increase is for other than
national defense, a 5 -percent increase.
ttThis 1 964 budget proposes spending of
$ 1 7, 2 8 7 million above 1 9 6 1 -and $9, 348
million of the increase i s for other than
national defense, a 2 7 -percent increase.
ttThis 1 964 budget proposes spending of
$ 3 1 , 2 65 million above the year following
Korea, fscal year 1 9 5 4 -and $ 2 2, 8 1 8 million
of the increase is for other than national
defense, an increase of I l l -percent for non
defense, as contrasted with 1 8 -percent
increase for national defense items B B
ult is beyond dispute that we have been
spending more and more and more for non
defense things and loading the cost onto
future generations . . . .
ttWith these ever-increasing defcits and
debts and decline in the value of the dollar,
who is to say that European bankers, holding
more claims against our shrunken and dwindl
ing gold supply, will not resume their
demands of the last 5 years when $ 6, 8 02, 000, -
000 in gold left Fort Knox? Since we convened
here on the foor a year ago, our gold supply
has dropped $ 9 1 0, 000, 000.
years ) < . months ) to THE DAN
PRINT NAME
STREET ADDRESS
Page 7 1
((Since we convened here a year ago, the
purchasing power of the dollar fell to a new
low. Savings
,
pensions, life insurance, bonds
will buy less.
((Since we convened here a year ago, the
cost-of-living price index hit a new high 6
times & &
((Khrushchev is waiting . . . .
((Our Government -any government
. . . cannot spend and continue to spend more
than they take in without inviting disaster . . . .
((It is the ever-rising nondefense items that
have unbalanced the budgets of the last 1 0
years & & &
((And in the budget today, with its hun
dreds of requests for increased appropriations
-at a cost beyond what they can expect to
take in -there are no reassuring signs of any
disposition to reverse the trend . . . .
((And no provision for unforseen national
emergencies & & &
((How long will foreign bankers defer cash
ing in more of our dollars for gold as they
watch us pile up more and more debt? . . .
((I include pertinent data on our dwindling
gold supply. We have lost nearly $ 7, 000, 000, -
000 of our reserves since January 1 9 5 8 .
HOur supply is now just below $ 1 6, 000, -
0 00, 000. .
((All but $4, 2 00, 000, 000 is earmarked as
backing for our money supply on a 2 5 -percent
basis.
HThere are possible foreign claims out
standing of $ 2 1 , 600, 000, 000.
((That leaves a potential shortage . . . of
$ 1 7,400, 00 0, 000 after allowing for the 2 5 -
percent backing.
((If we insist on further cheapening our dol
lar it would, manifestly, be absurd to delude
ourselves into thinking foreign nations would
sit idly by holding our dollars and securities
when all they have to do is demand gold & & &
cCUndoubtedly the people would demand
that we practice some restraint if they were
but harshly aware of what they are paying
Uncle Sam each week or each month in income
taxes. The withholding tax system was
devised to accelerate and facilitate collection
of revenues to help fnance World War II. And
while it undoubtedly still serves to facilitate
collections it sedates the people. It is painless.
It mitigates the consciousness of tax burden.
It caters to the illusion that money in Wash
ington is free for the asking. That the Treas
ury is a bottomless resource with a boundless
supply of dollars. I am not so certain but that
revision of the system would be decidedly .in
the public interest. The people would demand
an accounting if they were fully and pain
fully conscious of the tax bite, if periodically
they had to draw a check or money order in
favor of Uncl e Sam and mai l it t o
Washington.
,,
(3
)
Next Week
We will discuss the "new principle" involved
in the President's Planned Defcit.
FOOTNOTES
( I ) American Sla11l(ard, October, 1 962
( 2 ) "Summary of Federal Fiscal Operations," Facts and Figures on
Covent",ent Finance ( Copyright: Tax Foundation, Inc. , I 96 I ) , 1 960-
1 961 edition, p. 75
(3) "The President's Budget and Message," speech by U.S. Representative
Clarence Cannon ( Democrat, Missouri ) , Congressional Record, January
1 7, 1 963, pp. 5 0 8 i.
WHO I S DA N S MOO T ?
Smoot Report.
Page 72
M
ItI Smoot le,o,t
Vol. 9, No. 10 ( Broadcast 395 ) March 1 1 , 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
DE FI CI T FI NANC I NG- PART I I
As pointed out last week, the American economy enj oyed a decade of prosperity,
beginning in 1 946, not because of governmental policies, but in spite of them.
Through the corrupt and inequitable income tax, the federal government piled an enor
mous burden on our economy, draining of our production and the money of our workers
for gifts to foreign governments and for spending programs at home -programs intended
to buy public support for the politicians in power and to place the federal government in
control of all economic activity.
Lur overburdened economy could not forever carry the load. Confscatory federal taxes
and the costly harassments of federal controls, plus federal favoritism to monopolistic
unionism, added such excessive costs to business operations in the United States, that Amer
ican industry could not compete with foreign industries. Moreover, money taken away
from Americans was given to foreigners to build their industries, reduce their taxes, and
pay for their defense.
By the mid- 1 9 5 0's, our economy had begun to stagger under the load. Foreign competi
tors, enriched and subsidized at our expense, were capturing our markets, both domestic
and foreign.
European nations began to outpace us in economic growth, and many were on the verge
of surpassing us in actual strength. Foreign governments and bankers, losing confdence
in our money and our economy, started liquidating their American holdings, taking, in
exchange, the gold from our monetary reserve. Many American industries ( unable to
operate proftably in the United States ) were closing and moving abroad, encouraged to do
so by the policies of our own government.
Page 73
Forward to Disaster
Uy the end of the 1 9 5 0's, America was
already at the mercy of foreign governments
and bankers. They held claims on more than
all the gold we had in our monetary reserve.
We were on the edge of becoming a nation of
worthless currency, closed factories, and mass
unemployment.
But, instead of retrenching, our govern
ent kept increasing the reckless spending.

EIsenhower proposed the biggest peacetime
budgets on record and ( in 1 9 5 9 ) ran the big
gest peacetime defcit in history.
foreign policy, our government kept
pourmg out our wealth to other nations
while engaging in an international begging
operation that should have brought shame to
every American. Eisenhower's emissaries went
to the nations of western Europe, which had
grown prosperous on our money, begging them
to help us carry the burden of their own
national defense; begging them to help us
carry the burden of aid to underdeveloped
nations ; begging them to buy more American
goods ; begging them to stop exchanging their
American holdings for the gold in our mone
ta"y reserve.
For the most part, the European nations
responded by lecturing us on how to handle
our afairs.
ith the inauguration of Kennedy, mat
ters grew much worse. Kennedy enlarged all
the disastrous spending programs.
But before Kennedy had been in ofce six
months, governmental ofcials had to face the
grim truth that the monstrous income tax
system of the United States had already passed
the point of diminishing returns. Kennedy
insisted on spending more money, but realized
that he could not get the money through
additional taxation.
The federal income tax had become a heavy
penalty on those who worked hard and ef
ciently. More brains and energy were going
into tax-avoidance activities than into eforts
at production and expansion. With the federal
government taking more of the profts of busi
ness than employees, management, and stock
holders could keep, there was little possibility
for accumulation of private capital for expan
sion and creation of new jobs -and little
incentive.
I n Search of Somethi ng New
etermined to increase spending, but
unable to get additional revenues through tax
ation, the Kennedy administration sought for
a way to take money away from Americans
without their realizing that it was being taken.
Defcit fnancing was the answer : borrow from
future generations in order to provide benefts
for the present, voting generation. A few may
worry about the fate of their nation. A few
may feel ashamed that they are getting some
thing that their children's children will have
to pay for; but not many. Besides, the public
does not understand economics anyway. If too
many people reveal scruples about stealing
from their grandchildren, Keynesian econo
mists in the administration and in the univer
sities and in the newspaper world ( reinforced
by learned economists from abroad) can
explain that we need not worry about a
national debt, because we merely owe it to
ourselves -can prove in fact that a big
national debt is good for our economy!
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, and
Dwight D. Eisenhower all spent more than
they had to spend. All, consistently, ran huge
defcits and piled up the national debt. In fact,
federal spending has been kept within the
limits of income only six years out of the past
3 3 years.
But neither Roosevelt, Truman, nor Eisen
hower revealed quite the cynical contempt
for the American people that Kennedy has
revealed. Defcit fnancing actually became
national policy in the frst administration of
Franklin D
.
Roosevelt, but it was never pre
sented or admitted as such. Roosevelt, T ru
man, and Eisenhower always pretended that
Page 74
they believed in, wanted, and were striving
for a balanced budget.
For political advantage, Kennedy himself
has pretended respect for the idea that gov
ernment must live within its means. Yet, while
paying lip service to the traditional American
respect for sound fscal operations -and dis
honestl y concealing from the people the true
state of afairs -Kennedy and his advisers and
supporters gradually spread the propaganda
that defcit fnancing is good for the country.
The propaganda was sweetened with repeated
promises of tax reduction.
ôte a few salient facts.
In June, 1 96 1 , Douglas Dillon, Kennedy's
Secretary of the Treasury, speaking to the
National Press Club, said that the $ 3 . 7 billion
defcit forecast for the 1 9 6 1 - 62 fscal year was
not only "inevitable, " but "appropriate, " and
that it raised no threat of "classic infation.
, ,
(1
)
In October, 1 9 6 1 , when the regular "mid
year" review of the federal government's fscal
operations was released to the press, it became
generally known that the government would
run a defcit of 6 billion, 3 00 million dollars
in budgeted expenditures ( spend that much
more than it collected in taxes ) during Ken
nedy's frst full fscal year -which began
July 1 , 1 9 6 1 .
In his January, 1 62, budget message to
Congress, President Kennedy said there would
be a budget surplus of 463 million dollars for
the next fscal year ( beginning J ul y 1 , 1 9 62 ) .
During the 1 962 elections, New Frontier
political candidates acknowledged the defcit
in Kennedy's frst fscal year, with implications
that the defcit was a kind of carryover of
conditions from the Eisenhower administra
tion. They talked about the 1 2 billion, 8 00
million dollar defcit which the Eisenhower
administra tion ran in the 1 9 5 9 fscal year. And
they pointed to the promised surplus of 463
million dollars in Kennedy's second fscal year
-all of this being their proof that the New
Frontier was leading the nation to solvency.
The regular "midyear" review of the gov
ernment's fscal operations was not released to
the public in the late summer or early fall of
1 962 ( as is established custom) . The review
was not released until after the elections in
November -because the review revealed that
Kennedy's promised surplus" of 463 million
dollars was a fction and that the government
was actually running another defcit -7 bil
lion, 8 00 million dollars for Kennedy's second
fscal year ( which began July 1 , 1 96 2 ) . (
2
)
Kennedy/s Mythol ogy
hus, during the 1 962 election year, Ken
nedy concealed from the public the facts about
the huge defcit he was running, while New
Frontier politicians sought votes by promising
balanced budgets and sound fscal operations.
At the same time, however, propaganda for
defcit fnancing as accepted national policy was
cleverly seeping into the public consciousness.
In a report released on June 7, 1 962, the
Bank for International Settlements, Basle,
Switzerland, said "the United States will risk
continuing to have a rate of growth well below
that of Europe, East and West, " unless the
United States government stimulates the
American economy by increasing federal
spending, or by reducing taxes. The bank
recommended both measures -that i s, i t
urged the U. S. government to enlarge its
annual budget defcits.
The bank report recognized that increased
defcit fnancing would also stimulate the
fight of America's gold reserve to foreign
lands. It suggested a raising of interest rates
in the United States as a means of encour
aging foreigners to keep their United States
investments.
(
3)
On June 1 1 , 1 962, President Kennedy made
a commencement speech at Yale, saying:
((T 00 often we hold fast to cliches of our
forebears . . . . Mythology distracts us every-
where . . . .
((The myth persists that Federal defcits
create inflation, and budget surpluses prevent
it . . . . But honest assessment plainly requires
a more sophisticated view . . . .
((There are myths also about our public
debt. It is widely supposed that this debt is
Page 75
growing at a dangerously rapid rate q & q [But]
debts [public and private] are neither good
nor bad in and of themselves. Borrowing can
lead to overextension and collapse -but it
can also lead to expansion and strength . . . .
{{Last week . . . . the Bank for International
Settlements in Basle, Switzerland & & repre
senting the central bankers of Europe, sug
gested that the United States should follow
a flexible budget policy as in Europe, with
defcits when the economy is down, and a
high monetary policy on interest rates, as in
Europe, in order to control inflation and pro
tect gold B B
uThe example of Western Europe shows
that . . . government . . . can coordinate the
elements of a national economy and bring
about growth and prosperity.
,,
(
4)
Speaking at the Loeb Award Luncheon in
New York, at about the same time President
Kennedy spoke at Yale, David E. Bell, Ken
nedy's Director of the Budget, said:
HThere is a real danger that the attempt
to achieve a budget balance too soon may itself
contribute to bringing the recovery to a halt
below full employment . . . .
{{There are positive benefts from a federal
defcit in a recession."( 5)
n a front-page article of the business sec
tion of The New York Times of July 9, 1 962,
Edwin L. Dale, Jr. , reported from Paris that
practically all European treasury ofcials and
ofcials of European central banks were urging
the United States to stimulate the American
economy by more defcit spending.
From the December 1 9, 1 962, issue of EEC
( The European Common Market Newsletter) :
{The 2 0-nation Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development sharply criti
cized the U. S. in a report for not having
purposely enlarged its budget defcit in recent
years . . . .
The report listed the slow process of
budget formation in the U. S.
,
the lack of
power of the Executive branch to take action
on taxes or spending by itself, and fears that
expansionary budget action might worsen the
defcit in the U. S. balance of international
payments. "
AFL-CIO Outl i nes the Pl an
Maving been told by foreign bankers and
international organizations what to do, the
economists" who set policy for the Kennedy
administration made fnal preparations. The
January, 1 96 3 , issue of The American Fed
erationist ( ofcial monthly magazine of the
AFL-CIO) presented an article entitled The
Positive Role of Fiscal Policy. " This article
( which was actually published in December,
1 962 ) outlined in detail the planned defcit
and tax reduction that Kennedy would pro
pose in his special messages to Congress in
January, 1 9 6 3 . From The American Federa
tionis t article:
Other countries use their fscal policies
the combined efects of government taxing
and spending -as a means of maintaining
rapid economic growth. Unfortunately, fscal
policy in the United States has not been used
in a rational and fexible manner as a key
element in the Nation's economic policies."
The AFL-CIO economist failed to point out
that those other countries" have been receiv
ing aid from the United States for more than
1 5 years. He also failed to point out that the
one foreign country which has made the most
miraculous recovery and has the most vigorous
economy -West Germany -has rejected
defcit fnancing. Here, for example, is an item
from the December 1 2, 1 962, issue of EEC
( The European Common Market Newsletter)
which the AFL-CIO economist ignored:
{Rejection of defcit spending by the Ger
man government as a means of spurring eco
nomic growth was voiced by Dr. Hermann
Abs, managing director of the Deutsche Bank
of Frankfurt. In direct contradiction of the
advice given by the Organization for Eco
nomic Co-operation and Development, Dr.
Abs said that in Germany, Defcit spending,
if applied during the period from 1 9 5 0 to
1 960, would have prevented the economy
from growing as it did. ' He asserted that there
have usually been Federal surpluses in the
last decade [when German economy enjoyed
Hphenomenal" growth] . . . .
HHe cited a brief period of more liberal
policies when the government lowered inter
est rates
,
revalued the mark
,
and sharply
Page 76
increased government spending. The result,
he said, was a slowing of the growth rate. "
he article in the AFL-CIO magazine
( outlining tax and budget proposals which
President Kennedy made a month later) said:
Too many Americans still think of Federal
taxing and spending in terms of the America
of the 1 8 0 0 ' s . . . . That America, which
required a minimum of Federal action, has
disappeared along with the bufalo."
That America, to which the union econo
mist refers, was an under-developed, thinly
populated, agrarian society spread along the
Atlantic Coast. The people of That America,
and their heirs early in the next century, per
formed the stupendous task of conquering,
settling, and developing the American wilder
ness, with a minimum of federal action. "
Today, AFL-CIO economists are among the
foremost in wailing that Americans ( now in a
vast country that is settled, developed, popu
lous, industrialized and prosperous ) cannot
even build a schoolhouse without federal aid.
Despite the federal billions spent every year
on federal aid programs, the AFL-CIO econo
mist says :
((The pressing needs of a growing, urban
population for direct Federal programs as
well as Federal grants-in-aid to the States
and local governments -for such programs
as education, health, housing, urban rede
velopment, and improved transportation
facilities in metropolitan areas -require
additional federal expenditures for civilian
purposes. "
he AFL-CIO economist repeats the oft
repeated argument that we should not fret
about the national debt because we owe it to
ourselves -and then explains why a federal
defcit is good:
((Defcits in the federal government's fscal
operations have an expansionary impact on
the economy -they add to sales, production
and employment.
((The economy's needs for a rapid rise in
efective demand for goods and services should
be met in 1 9 6 3 by a decisive change in fscal
policy . . . . But to rely on increased govern
ment expenditures to boost economic activities
in 1 96 3 would be impractical, since federal
outlays would not be raised sufciently and
rapidly enough. The practical alternative,
therefore, is a substantial and immediate tax
cut of about $ 1 0 billion while federal expen
ditures continue to increase . . . .
A tax reduction of that size would add
as much as $ 2 0 billion to $ 2 5 billion to
national production as the increased funds
spread through the economy. It could create
over 1 million jobs B q &
(Low and middle-income families spend all
or almost all their incomes. They spend addi
tional incomes rapidly. There would be a fast
and substantial boost of consumer sales from
such a tax cut. "
The Bl uepri nt for Sui cide
n his Budget proposal on January 1 7,
1 96 3 , and in his tax proposals on January 24,
1 96 3 , President Kennedy presented the fscal
program which had been outlined by the AFL
CIO: a net tax reduction of 1 0 billion dollars,
and a planned defcit of 1 1 . 9 billion dollars.
This was the frst formally "planned defcit"
in American history.
. Yet, the President's political efort to dis
guise the signifcance of his radical proposal
led him into the most dishonest and patently
ridiculous budget presentation ever made.
Presenting the most extravagant budget in
the history of the world ( larger, by far, than
the biggest budget proposed by Franklin D.
Roosevelt even during the dark days of World
War II, when there was absolutely no limit to
expenditures ) , President Kennedy said:
((This budget presents a fnancial plan for
the efcient and frugal conduct of the public
business. "
he administrative budget operations of
the federal government for fscal 1 964, as out
lined in the President's budget message, would
require tax collections totalling 8 6 billion, 900
million dollars ; expenditures, totalling 98 bil
lion, 8 00 million dollars. The cash operations
of the government, as outlined by the Presi
dent, would require tax collections totalling
1 1 2 billion, 200 million dollars ; expenditures,
totalling 1 2 2 billion, 5 00 million dollars.
Page 77
What do such fgures mean?
The total tax collections of the federal gov
ernment for the frst 1 5 1 years of its existence
( that is, from 1 78 9 through 1 940, a period
which included the cost of our War for Inde
pendence, the War of 1 8 1 2, the Mexican War,
the Civil War, innumerable Indian wars, the
Spanish-American War, \Vorld War I, and
eight years of F. D. Roosevelt spending during
the Great Depression) were 1 2 1 billion, 3 8 7
million dollars. (6) In one peacetime year, Ken
nedy proposes to take away from the people
( in direct taxes and in borrowing) more than
was taken in 1 5 1 years by all Presidents from
George Washington through the second
administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. And
Kennedy called his proposals "frugal" and
"efcient. "
retending respect for economy in the
handling of tax money, President Kennedy,
in his budget message, said:
((I have felt obliged to limit severely my
1 9 64 expenditure proposals. In national
defense and space programs . . . I have pro
posed expenditure increases. Fixed interest
charges on the debt will also rise. But total
1 964 expenditures for all other programs in
the administrative budget . . . have been . . .
reduced. "
United States Representative Clarence Can
non ( Democrat from Missouri, Chairman of
the House Appropriations Committee, a liberal
spender himself and an admirer of President
Kennedy, as pointed out in this Report last
week) made an angry speech to the House,
revealing that the President's statement about
reducing non-defense expenditures was a
deliberate misrepresentation of fact. Indeed,
as Cannon showed, more than half of Ken
nedy's planned defcit results from non-essen
tial, non-defense spending.
ennedy proposed increases in practically
all the programs he said he was reducing, and
he urged initiation of new unconstitutional,
unnecessary spending programs.
United States Representative Richard L.
Roudebush ( Republican, Indiana) , i n a report
to constituents dated January 2 1 , 1 96 3 , listed
a few of the new and increased expenditures
recommended in a budget message which said
that such expenditures were being reduced:
a 1 billion dollar increase in foreign aid; a
5 0 0 million dollar increase in federal welfare
programs ; a 3 9 1 million dollar increase in
federal spending on highways ; a 1 6 5 million
dollar increase in federal aid to education;
a 43 million dollar increase for the Depart
men t of Justice; a 54 million dollar increase
for the Department of State; a 5 7 million dol
lar increase for the Department of Interior;
70 million dollars for Cuban refugees ; 60
million dollars to establish a domestic ((peace
corps"; and a request for 3 6,492 new federal
employees -in addition to the 1 5 0, 000 new
employees already added to the federal pay
tolls by the New Frontier.
In his budget message, President Kennedy
said that the government had run defcits
totalling 24 billion, 3 00 million dollars
during the past 5 fscal years when ofcialdom
had estimated surpluses totalling 8 billion dol
lars. The President conceded that he and his
predecessor, in fve years, had spent 3 2 billion,
3 00 million dollars more than they had
ofcially estimated in their budgets ; yet he
expressed confdence that his "planned defcit"
of 1 1 . 9 billion for 1 964 is a frm fgure which
will not be exceeded.
United States Representative August E.
Johansen ( Republican, Michigan) calculates
that if President Kennedy's budget estimate
for 1 964 is as far wrong as his 1 962 and 1 963
budget estimates were, we will have a defcit
of 2 0 billion dollars for 1 9 64. (
7)
In his special message on Tax Reduction
and Reform, January 24, 1 9 6 3 , President
Kennedy said:
((Our present income tax rate structure
now holds back consumer demand, initiative,
and investment . . . . The largest single barrier
to full employment of our manpower and
resources and to a higher rate of economic
growth is the unrealistically heavy drag of
Federal income taxes on private purchasing
power, initiative and incentive . . . . Our tax
system still siphons out of the private economy
Page 78
too large a share of personal and business pur
chasing power and reduces the incentive for
risk, investment and efort . . . . The present
tax code contains . . . provisions . . . which
. . . artifcially distort the use of resources,
inhibit the mobility and formation of capital,
add complexities and inequities which under
mine the morale of the taxpayer, and make
tax avoidance rather than market factors a
prime consideration in too many economic
decisions . . . .
Tax reduction is urgently needed to spur
the growth of our economy."
Maving thus said things about our vicious
income tax system, which people like me have
been saying for years, President Kennedy urged
a program which would make matters worse.
Kennedy's specifc tax proposals would do
the opposite of what he promised. They would
further discourage private investment and
expansion ; and they would create more
demand for federal spending
"
nd meddling in
every facet of American life.
Taken together, Kennedy's budget and tax
proposals for the 1 9 64 fscal year strike hard
at the great American middle class, which is
the backbone of our society. They complicate
the evils of our income tax system, rather than
relieve them; they are, as Senator John ].
DAN SMOOT,
Dallas 1 4, Texas
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Williams called them, "the height of political
hypocrisy. " They are, as Senator Frank J.
Lausche called them, "a boatload of dyna
mite, " threatening "disaster" to the country .
They constitute, as Senator Hugh Scott said,
a "misleading, superintellectual, scramble-egg
head theory" of governmental fnance. They
refect, as U. S. Representative O. Clark Fisher
said, "a basic lack of faith in the American
system. " And they are, as U. S. Representative
Bruce Alger called them, a blueprint for the
fscal suicide of the United States.
êxt week, we will examine, in further
detail, the President's tax proposals -and
make a tax proposal of our own.
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FOOTNOTES
( I ) "Dillon's Treasury: His Tolerance of Defcit Spending Surprises The
Financial Community," by Arthur Krock, The New York Times,
June 2 5 , 1 961
( 2 ) "Politics No Doubt: Why the Delay on Notice of Big Budget Def
cit ? " by David Lawrence, syndicated by New York Herald Tribune,
Inc.
( 3 ) "U. S. Urged To Rely On Defcit Budget: International Bank Advises
To Add Jobs -Asks Rise In Interest," by Edwin L. Dale, Jr. , The
New York Times, June 8, 1 962
( 4) The Ne,,, York Times, June 1 2, 1 962
( 5 ) Editorial, Shreveport /o1tY1lal, June 2 1 , 1 962
(6) 1 962 Federal Budget In Brief, Bureau of the Budget, Government
Printing Ofce, 1 9 6 1 , O. 5 4
( 7) U. S. Representative August E. Johansen ( Republican, Michigan)
press release, January 1 8 , 1 963
Smoot Report.
Page 80
M
Iti Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 1 1 ( Broadcast 396) March 1 8, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
KE NNE DY' S TAX PLAN
Ln January 24, 1 9 6 3 , President Kennedy delivered to Congress his Special Message on
Tax Reduction and Reform, proposing tax reductions totaling 1 3 . 6 billion dollars. He pro
posed reforms" which would, in efect, raise taxes by about 3 . 3 billion dollars -leaving
a net recommended tax reduction of about 1 0. 3 billion dollars.
The stated purpose of the tax reductions is to stimulate our economy by spurring consumer
buying, which would result in business expansion, and the creation of new jobs. Yet, the
primary tax reduction recommended would do relatively little to cause business expansion
and creation of new j obs. Of the 1 3 . 6 billion total tax reductions, 1 1 billion would go to
individuals, mostly in low income brackets.
People in low income brackets spend their money on consumer goods, investing relatively
little in business enterprise. Corporations and individuals with above-average incomes are
the ones who invest capital in business and industry.
Labor Union Logic
As pointed out in this Report last week, the President's tax and budget proposals were
virtually identical with proposals made a month before in the AFL-CIO magazine, The
American Federationist.
The AFL-CIO theory is that business fails to expand because consumers do not have
enough money to buy, and that the way to stimulate business expansion is to see that
consumers have more money to spend. If you give tax reductions for upper-middle and high
income taxpayers, they may refuse to spend the tax savings thus given them. But if you
give tax reductions to "low and middle-income" taxpayers, they will quickly spend their
total tax savings -which will mean an immediate increase in consumer purchasing. The
address P. O. Box 9538, lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 1 -2303 ( Ofce Address
class mail $1 2. 50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14. 50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues : 1
Page 81
AFL-CIO economist estimates that a 1 0 bil
lion dollar tax reduction given to "low and
middle-income" taxpayers would add 2 0 or
2 5 billion dollars to national production.
If this theory were followed to its logical
conclusion, it would lead to abolition of all
income tax on "low and middle-income" tax
payers. If we assume that "low and middle
income" taxpayers are those who earn $ 1 0, 000
a year or less, we fnd that this group ( based
on ofcial estimates ) ( I ) pays 5 1 % of all federal
income taxes on individuals.
In the 1 962- 1 963 fscal year, these "low
and middle-income" Americans paid about
2 5 billion, 1 43 million dollars(2) in federal
income tax ( in addition to the estimated 6 bil
lion dollars taken out of their paychecks for
social security( 3 ) .
If a tax reduction of 1 0 billion dollars for
this "low and middle-income" group would
create at least 2 0 billion dollars more produc
tion, then a tax reduction of 2 5 billion, 1 43
million dollars should create a t least 5 0 billion,
2 8 6 million dollars more production.
he AFL-CIO economists do not, how
ever, follow the logic of their own theory;
and neither does the President, whose tax and
budget proposals merely parrot the labor union
theorists. For some reason which seems mystic
( since no efort has been made to explain it ) ,
a tax reduction of ten billion dollars ( no more,
no less ) is the magic formula for stimulating
business expansion.
Another faw in the logic of the Kennedy
AFL-CIO ten-billion dollar tax-reduction
proposal is that its benefcial results would be
largely ofset by increased payroll taxes for
social security, which the Kennedy-AFL-CIO
medical care proposals would require.
The Tri ckl e Up Theory
he Kennedy-labor union "trickle-up"
theory concerning business expansion is inter-
esting. The President would give ttlow and
middle-income" taxpayers a reduction of
about 1 0 billion dollars ( that is, if we ignore
the fact that he will take away much of this
tax reduction by increasing their payroll taxes
for social security) for the purpose of increas
ing consumer buying. The purpose of increas
ing consumer buying is to increase business
profts. The purpose of increasing business
profts is to give businessmen more money for
investment in business expansion.
To logical persons, this seems devious and
complicated. If you want businessmen to have
more money for investment in expansion, why
not relieve them, directly, of confscatory tax
ation which has been piled on them as an
"
.
"
.
1 9 5 0 ' emergency, war-tIme tax ever SInce .
resident Kennedy and his AFL-CIO econ
omists prefer the complicated approach. The
AFL-CIO economist ( in The American Feder
ationist article, outlining tax proposals which
President Kennedy made a month later ) says :
Tax cuts for . . . corporations would have
much smaller and much slower results.
Business is holding back from a considerable
increase in outlays for new plants and
machines, not because of a lack of funds but
due to the considerable amount of idle pro
ductive capacity that already exists."
A.one businessman, I ( whose labor pro
duces more revenue for the federal government
than it produces for me) would like to explain
to the AFL-CIO economist, and to President
Kennedy, that neither I nor any other busi
nessman I have ever known has ever held back
on spending money to expand or improve our
production facilities because other business
men had idle facilities. I hold back on spending
money to enlarge the operations of my Dan
Smoot Report publishing business, because
government takes so much money away from
me in taxes that I do not have the money
to spend.
Page 82
Corporate Taxes
aking 5 2 % of a corporation's profts,
the United States government harasses and
hamstrings business considerably more than
the fascist ( which means socialist, j ust as
communist does -fascism and communism
being somewhat diferent approaches toward
the total socialist state) regimes of Mussolini
and Hitler ever did. The highest tax that
Mussolini ever levied on corporations was
40%. The highest that Hitler levied was
44%. (4)
As pointed out i n this Report last week,
President Kennedy's plan to reduce taxes while
increasing spending in order to have a planned
defcit" was actually conceived by Euro
pean economists and bankers ( the details
worked out by AFL-CIO economists in the
United States, and the plan fnally presented
to Congress by the President) . But the Pres
ident and his advisers ignored the experience
of West Germany -which has enjoyed the
most phenomenal business and industrial
growth in modern history. The West Germans
attribute much of their spectacular growth to
American foreign aid -but a great deal of
it is attributable to their own governmental
policies : of rejecting defcit fnancing; of keep
ing governmental expenditures to a minimum;
of reducing governmental controls over busi
ness and industry; of substantial tax reduc
tions and concessions to industries in order
to leave them enough of their earned profts
for re-investment in expansion. (5)
President Kennedy himself ( in his State of
the Union Message on January 1 4, 1 9 6 3 ) said
that the corporate tax rate of 5 2 %,
H gives the Government today a majority
interest in profts.
,,
(6)
In his Special Message on Tax Reduction
and Reform, on January 24, 1 96 3 , President
Kennedy referred to the 5 2 % corporate tax
as giving the federal government
(( . . . the role as a senior partner in
business profts."
(7)
n his tax proposals, the President does
recommend a reduction of about 2 . 6 billion
dollars in corporate taxes ( reducing taxes on
corporation profts from 5 2 % to the pre
Korean level of 47 %) . Note that the Presi
dent says he wants tax-reduction for imme
diate stimulation of business expansion. Yet,
his proposed reduction on corporate taxes
would not go into efect until 1 9 6 5 . (
7) More
over, the President recommends an immediate
speed-up in the payment of corporation taxes
-which would require a doubling up in
corporate tax payments in such a way that
it would be fve years before corporations
would have as much left for expansion, after
federal income taxes, as they now have. (8)
The Recoupi ng Reforms
he reason for the speed-up" in corpo
rate tax payments is to regain a portion of the
income the government would lose by the
proposed 1 3 . 6 billion dollars in total tax re
ductions -in order to get net tax reduction
down to the magic ten billion dollar fgure.
Another portion of income lost through
tax reduction would be regained by the Presi
dent's proposal to eliminate credit and exclu
sion" provisions with regard to income from
dividends.
ividend income ( income which individ
uals get from their investment in stocks of
business frms ) is subject to double taxation. A
corporation pays the federal government a
5 2 % tax on profts. After that tax is paid,
some of the remaining profts ( if any) are
distributed to people who own the business
-that is, to stockholders. Stockholders then
pay a personal income tax on their share of
the corporation profts.
To give partial ( and minor) relief from this
double-taxation, the income tax laws now
exclude from taxation the frst $ 5 0. 00 that a
stockholder gets in dividend income. In addi
tion to excluding from federal taxation the
Page 83
frst $ 5 0. 00 in dividend income, present law
allows a credit against federal taxes of 4%
of dividend income above $ 5 0. 00. The Presi
dent's plan would eliminate these dividend
exclusions and credits ; and this, of course,
would further discourage private investment
in business expansion -thus doing the oppo
site of what the President claims he wants to
accomplish with his tax proposals.
Lne of the President's proposed tax
reforms would be a maj or blow to the Ameri
can oil industry, and would directly support
a sinister operation of the Soviet Union.
As is widely known, the Soviet Union has
been using oil as a political-economic weapon
throughout the world. Oil exploration and
production are, of course, governmental oper
ations in Russia.
So, not controlled by the inexorable law of
proft and loss that controls private operations,
the Soviets have been dumping oil on the world
market -selling it below cost, in order to
capture American foreign oil markets and to
make oil-importing nations dependent on
Soviet supply.
The efect of one Kennedy tax proposal
would dovetail with this Soviet oil operation,
by virtually eliminating many American oil
companies from foreign operations.
At present, American business frms oper
ating both in the United States and in foreign
lands can take their foreign losses, if any,
from their domestic profts, if any, thus reduc
ing their tax payments to the United States
government. This is one indirect means by
which our tax laws encourage, if not subsi
dize, American private investments in foreign
countries. The efect is, no doubt, detrimental
to the United States, at a time when we need
growth of American industry in America
not in foreign lands.
President Kennedy does not, however, pro
pose to change this situation with regard to
any industry except oil. He proposes to limit
the "tax-ofset" which oil companies can take
when they have losses in their foreign opera
tions. The President's discrimination against
the oil industry is even more emphatic in
another of his tax proposals which would com
pletely eliminate "tax-ofset" which American
oil companies take on their foreign develop
ment operations. This provision would not
seriously afect one or two American major
oil companies which already have developed
foreign oil properties ; but it would practically
prohibit new American oil frms from engag
ing in foreign oil development activities.
The alleged reason for this "tax reform"
with regard to foreign operations of American
oil frms is ( like the speed-up" in corporate
tax payments ) to regain a portion of tax
revenue to be lost by tax reductions.
Jhe major tax increase to ofset loss from
tax reductions, however, is to be achieved by
restricting individual deductions for local and
state taxes, interest payments, and charitable
contributions. Although presented as "tax
reform, " this proposal, according to Douglas
Dillon ( Kennedy's Secretary of the Treasury)
is not a reform" at all, but a tax increase ( a
revenue raiser") , necessary if tax reductions
in other areas are to be made.
(9)
As mentioned before, the President pro
posed tax reductions totaling 1 3 . 6 billion dol
lars, but proposed tax increases ( which he
called "reforms") to recoup 3 . 3 billion dollars
-in order to bring net tax reduction close to
1 0 billion dollars. The deduction limitation
would raise 2 . 3 billion of the 3 . 3 billion to be
"recouped. " This is the most sinister portion
of the President's tax plan.
Jhe President's proposed tax-rate reduc
tion would give some benefts to the great
American middle class and to upper-income
taxpayers ; but his deductions-limitation pro
posal would eliminate most of the benefts.
And it would do far more than that : it would
strike a severe blow at America's middle-class
economic and social system.
Page 84
American homeowners are subjected to
heavy taxation not imposed on citizens who
own no real estate. It is real estate owners who
generally pay most city and county taxes that
fnance schools, police, fre departments, street
building and maintenance, and so on.
Moreover, homeowners ( with the deepest
roots and heaviest investments in their com
munity) are the ones who, with their gifts,
support churches, charities, and other local
programs of public benefaction.
\nder present law, individuals can deduct
from their income, for federal tax purposes,
the state and local taxes they pay, the legiti
mate contributions they make, and the interest
they pay on their home mortgages and on other
mortgages and loans.
Kennedy's tax proposal would limit such
itemized deductions to 5 % of adjusted gross
income -and also place further limitations on
the amount an individual can deduct for med
ical expenses.
The proposal would discourage home own
ership and private support of churches and
of charitable and educational institutions. It
would thus create a demand for more federal
public housing, more federal welfare programs,
more federal aid to education. The penalties
against persons who pay their own medical
bills would, probably, increase public support
for Kennedy's plans for socialized medicine.
here are other Kennedy tax proposals
which seem designed specifcally to penalize
private eforts to provide fnancial security for
individuals, and, thus, to stimulate demand
for governmental programs. One example:
At present, employees pay no income tax
on the value of, or benefts from, group term
life insurance which is given to them by em
ployers. Kennedy proposes to make them pay
tax on such insurance, as if it were income.
Space prohibits an item-by-item analysis of
all objectionable proposals in the President's
tax plan. I have mentioned only a few.
Heads He Wi ns, Tai ls We Lose
In his Tax Reduction and Reform Message,
the President emphasized that "the entire tax
revision program should be promptly enacted
as a single comprehensive bill, " that "Tax
reduction and structural reform should be
considered and enacted as a single integrated
program. " As United States Representative
Frank J. Becker said, the President sent his
tax proposals to Congress,
(( . . . with a fat warning that he must have
an all-or-nothing package of tax cuts and
tax reforms.
,,
(4)
On February 6, 1 9 6 3 , Douglas Dillon ( Ken
nedy's Secretary of the Treasury) , testifying
before the House Ways and Means Committee
on Kennedy's tax proposals, said that unless
the tax-cut tax-reform proposal was adopted
in a package, he would recommend a Presi
dential veto. (4)
On February 2 5 , 1 9 6 3 , the President told
the American Bankers Association he would
be satisfed with a tax cut alone.
There have been many guesses about the
President's change of mind. My guess is that
he did not change his mind.
ennedy's record indicates that his edu
cation at the feet of the British socialist leader,
Harold Laski, went deep -convinced him of
the virtue of socialism. Hence, Kennedy wants
to fnish the conversion of America into a
total socialist state. To achieve this, he must
eliminate ( or cripple) the great American
middle class, which is the backbone of our
system of private capitalism.
There are many ways o do this : increase
governmental business and industrial opera
tions in competition with ' private citizens ;
harass private business with controls and regu
lations ; burden it with taxation; support
monopolistic unionism's stranglehold on pri
vate business ; and so on.
A more subtle way to eliminate the Ameri
can middle class, and thus destroy our system
of private capitalism, is to subvert our money
Page 85
economy. This can be done by defcit fnancing
( the government spending more than it takes
in) , with consequent inflation and flight of
our monetary reserve to foreign nations, until
our money is worthless. At that point, the last
remnant of America as a free-enterprise, cap
italistic nation will be gone.
bennedy's tax plan in 1 96 3 will take us
in the direction Kennedy desires -with or
without , his proposed reforms. If Congress
approves the reforms, it will weaken the
great American middle class through tax har
assment and discrimination. If Congress ap
proves the reductions without the reforms, it
will increase the defcit -which means fur
ther speed toward elimination of the middle
class by destruction of our money economy.
By presenting his tax plan as he did ( giving
Congress repeated warnings against tampering
with it) , Kennedy leaves himself an alibi if
disastrous consequences become too readily
apparent : Congress is at fault for not doing
exactly what he originally asked. If, on the
other hand, Congress should give the President
exactly what he asked, he would have what
he wants : a double-edged attack on the Ameri
can middle class -harassing them with tax
discrimination, while, at the same time, inflat
ing their currency toward the goal of worth
lessness.
The only way for Kennedy to lose is for
Congress to reject his entire tax plan and to
enact one of its own.
A Proposal
Longress should take steps to abolish the
federal income tax system.
That is the tax proposal I would make.
Next week, I shall give details.
Betancourt, Ji menez,
Drew Pearson, and the Monitor
In the February 1 8 , 1 9 6 3 , issue of this
Report -Alliance For Progress -Part I"
-I gave a brief of information which shows
that Romulo Betancourt, President of Vene
zuela, is a communist, and that his present
"anti-communist" posture is a hoax.
On February 1 9, 1 96 3 , Betancourt arrived
in the United States for a visit. President Ken
nedy heaped public praise on him as a great
statesman, and the liberal press of America
( generally, the same publications which were
idolizing Castro four years ago) hailed Betan
court as a foe of communism, and a great good
friend of the United States.
Anyone interested in the truth about Betan
court should examine the evidence which fve
United States Representatives have put in the
Congressional Record.
( 1 0)
These men give detailed, documented infor
mation about Betancourt's communism, and
about his corrupt and tyrannical regime.
On the other hand, liberal adulation of Bet
ancourt presents broad generalities. A great
deal of it is patently dishonest.
or example, Drew Pearson, in his syndi
cated column ( published in Detroit Free Press,
and elsewhere, February 2 3 , 1 963 ) took up
the cudgels for Betancourt -denouncing the
few of us who criticized Betancourt as "John
Birchites" and "Dan Smoot right-wingers. "
Pearson said:
(( [Betancourt] wants continued exports of
Venezuelan oil to the United States. This may
be one fact behind Dan Smoot's bitter attacks
against Betancourt, for Smoot, who operates
from Dallas, receives fnancial contributions
from the Texas oil crowd."
rew Pearson is a liar. The purpose of his
lie, in this instance, is to discredit what I said
about Betancourt, by implying that I am a ,
hired propagandist for Texas oil men.
I receive no fnancial contributions from
Texas oil men. The only people who support
me are my customers -individuals who buy
my publication, and business frms which
commercially sponsor my broadcasts for
advertising purposes. I have no oil company
sponsors -although I wish I did have some.
Page 86
Inasmuch as The Dan Smoot Report has sub
scribers in all 5 0 states and in a dozen or
more foreign countries, it is likely that a few
oil men do subscribe -in the same way that
they subscribe to the papers which carry Drew
Pearson's column. If so, I wish they would
help me get subscriptions from other oil men,
because I welcome all I can get.
n my Report of February 1 8 , 1 9 6 3 , I
also commented on Marcos Perez Jimenez,
who led a military uprising against Betan
court's frst regime in Venezuela, in 1 948 ,
and who ruled Venezuela until Betancourt's
return to power in 1 9 5 8 . I said:
((Jimenez (who had given Venezuela the
best government and had brought the nation
to the highest level of prosperity in its history)
was exiled. He sought asylum in the United
States. Betancourt wants him returned to
Venezuela so that he can be executed. He has
fled outrageous charges against Jimenez, who
is now in a Miami j ail awaiting extradition.
The American State Department and the
powerful leftwing propaganda forces in the
United States ( including, for example, such
(respected' organs as The Christian Science
Monitor) have for months been conducting a
massive hate-campaign against Jimenez, pre
paring public opinion for denying him asylum
so that he can be turned over to, Betancourt
for liquidation.
((In 1 9 6 1 , the law frm of Dean Acheson
( who is a Special Adviser to President Ken
nedy) received $ 1 8 0, 000 from Betancourt's
government as a fee for representing Vene
zuela in the extradition proceedings against
Jimenez.
((Meanwhile, Betancourt's regime in Vene
zuela has become a cesspool of corruption and
tyranny. Despite Venezuela's enormous nat
ural riches ( and despite the hundreds of mil
lions of dollars which Betancourt has obtained
from the United States ) , grinding poverty,
economic chaos, and wild disorder reign In
Venezuela.
( ( The reported ( communist' sabotage in
Venezuela, and Betancourt's alleged (crack
down' on communists
,
are merely part of a
hoax-to justify Betancourt's seizure of abso
lute power, and to help the Kennedy Admin
istration j ustify more aid. "
As a result of my mention of The Christian
Science Monitor, I received a letter from Mr.
Erwin D. Canham, Editor of the Monitor,
saymg:
( ( The name of Perez Jimenez has only
appeared in our columns once between May 2,
1 960 and the date of your report, and then
it was in the account of a press conference
held in Venezuela. The May 2, 1 960 mention
was in a piece of Associated Press copy from
Venezuela in which one reference to Mr.
Jimenez was incidental, and the other favor
able to him.
((We would appreciate a correction in the
(Dan Smoot Report.' "
%y specifc mention of the Monitor ( in
my Report of February 1 8 , 1 9 6 3 ) was
prompted by a letter, dated January 24, 1 9 6 3 ,
on the letterhead of The Christian Science
Monitor, written by Erwin D. Canham, in
his capacity as editor. In this letter Mr.
Canham said:
( (Let me add a word further about your
observation that Betancourt is a (communist
sympathizer.' I had the opportunity yesterday
in New York to talk with a top ranking
businessman who is thoroughly informed
about Central American afairs. He recounted
to me in detail the ways in which the com
munists attack Betancourt and are trying to
destroy him. Indeed, in this business leader's
view there are (few more ferce opponents of
communism in Latin America than President
Betancourt. '
HI happen to know on additional unim
peachable authority that the communists are
doing their utmost to destroy Betancourt.
He is certainly not one of our (communist
enemies.'
((I t seems to me we make a tragic mistake
when we equate communism with the many
more liberal leaders in Latin America who
have virtually the only chance of stemming
communist tides or in defending corrupt lead
ers guilty of such crimes as Perez Jimenez."
ôte that Mr. Canham's evidence con
cerning Betancourt's being an opponent of
communism is unspecifed, and it comes from
an unnamed New York businessman. His
evidence that communists dislike Betancourt
Page 87
is also unspecifed and also comes from this

unnamed source and from one other unnamed
unimpeachable authority. "
Mr. Canham's conclusion that Betancourt
is certainly not one of our communist enemies
apparently is based on this unspecifed infor
mation from two unnamed sources.
erez Jimenez is still in a Miami j ail ( and
is being denied a writ of habeas corpus, in
violation of the Constitution of the United
States ) . He has never been brought to trial
for the crimes which communist Betancourt
alleges against him. Note, however, that Mr.
Canham of The Christian Science Monitor
asserts ( without even mentioning evidence)
that Jimenez is "guilty of such crimes. "
In this connection, i t i s interesting to note
that, in 1 9 5 4, President Eisenhower welcomed
Perez Jimenez to this country as a visitor of
state. On November 1 2 , 1 9 5 4, President
Eisenhower decorated Jimenez with the Order
of Merit, acclaiming Jimenez as a ruler who
had shown an outstanding spint of mutual
aid and friendship for the United States. "
FOOTNOTES
( I ) "Preliminary Report on Individual Income Tax Returns for 1 95 6, "
press release of the Internal Revenue Service, August 28, 1 9 5 8
( 2) Estimates based on "Text of President Kennedy's Jan. 1 8 Budget
Message," Cogressiollal Quarterly Weekly Report, January 19,
1962, p. 74
( 3 ) Estimates based on article i n U.S. News & World Report, January
29, 1962, p. 3 6
(4) Congressional Record, March 4 , 1 963, remarks of U.S. Representative
Frank J. Becker (Republican, New York) , pp. 3 2 1 3 f.
( 5 ) EEC, The European Common Market Newsletter, December 1 2 ,
1 962, p. 2 46 ; and Congressional Record, March 4, 1 96 3 , remarks
of U.S. Representative Thomas B. Curtis ( Republican, Missouri) ,
pp. AI 1 3 0 f.
( 6) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, January 1 8 , 1 963, p. 5 9
( 7) Cotgressional Quarterly Weekly Report, January 2 5 , 1 963, p. 92
( 8 ) COtgressional Record, January 28, 1 963 , remarks of U. S. Repre
sentative J. Arthur Younger (Republican, California) , p. A3 1 1
( 9) "Administration Tax Proposal Hearings Open," Congressional Quar
terly Weekly Report, February 1 5 , 1 963, p. 1 97
( 1 0) Remarks of former United States Representative John Rousselot
( Republican, California) i n the Cotgressional Record of September
23 , 1 961 (pp. 1 9674 I. ) , February 26, 1962 (pp. 2703 I. ) , and
July 1 1 , 1 962 (pp. 1 228 8 I.) ; the remarks of United States Repre
sentative William C. Cramer ( Republican, Florida) in the Cotgres
siollal Record of October 1 3 , 1962 (pp. A7702 I. ) , and February 7,
1 963 (pp. 1870 I.) ; the remarks of United States Representative
Henry C. Schadeberg (Republican, Wisconsin) in the Congressiotal
Record of February 1 8 , 1 963 (pp. 2 3 3 5 I. ) ; the remarks of United
States Representative John M. Ashbrook (Republican, Ohio) in the
COtgressiotal Record of February 21 , 1 963 (pp. 2 548 I. ) ; and the
remarks of United States Representative R. Walter Riehlman ( Repub
lican, New York) in the COt gressiOtal Record of February 2 5 , 1 963
(pp. 281 0 f.)
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i n the FBI, rather than return to Harvard.
After nine and a half years in the FBI, Smoot resigned to help start the Facts Forum mOvement in Dallas.
the side of freedom, you cn help immensly by subscribing, and encouraging others to subscribe, to The Dan
Smoot Report.
Page 88
M
Ifi Smoot Report.t
Vol. 9, No. 1 2 ( Broadcast 397 ) March 25, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
RE PE AL TH E TAX AND STOP TH E PL U NDE R
A current, growing rebellion against the federal income tax system refects something deeper than mere resentment
against paying taxes. A deepening mood of despair, which could become rage, is settling upon Americans who know and
care -and who watch helplessly while Washington ofcialdom plundll' the people to fnance programs that are destroying
the great Republic.
resident Kennedy's tax and budget proposals for fscal year 1 964 evoked sharp criticism
in Congress, even among liberal Democrats who admire the President. ( 1 ) Conservatives
bluntly called the proposals a plan for disaster.
Ln March 4, 1 96 3 , United States Representative Frank J. Becker ( Republican, New
York) made a speech in the House, condemning the President's budget and tax proposals
as "unprincipled" and "immoral. " He was challenged by United States Representative
Byron G. Rogers ( Democrat, Colorado) to specify what to cut out of the President's
budget. Mr. Becker said:
HOh
,
I would cut out a lot of foreign aid. I would cut out a lot of agriculture. I would
cut out this $ 5 billion for federal aid to education. I would cut out a lot of things the
people do not want and which they could get along better without. "
Rogers asked whether Becker would eliminate subsidies to airlines. Becker dodged the
question; and the debate sank into a meaningless exchange about Eisenhower spending
versus Kennedy spending.
\nited States Representative James A. Haley ( Deocrat, Florida) suggested:
You can cut the budget which has been submitted to this Congress by 2 0 percent
,
and you will not interrupt any essential function of government
,
if we will get the govern
ment out of the people's hair and let them get back to doing the things that made this
country a great nation . . . and we will not have the Congress messing into these things
about which it does not know anything. The people will take care of them.
,,
(2)
Thus encouraged, Representative Becker said:
If we would . . . get out of local afairs such as urban afairs and this mass trans
portation business
,
and let the localities do it
,
we would cut our Federal spending by
copy for 25; 6 for $1.00; 50 for $5. 50; 100 for $10.00 -each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 89
$ 1 0 billion . . . . There are billions -$ 1 0,
$ 1 5 , $ 2 0 billion by which this budget can
be cut.'
,
(3)
United States Representative Roman C.
Pucinski ( Democr a t , I l l i noi s ) challenged
Becker to specify where he would cut 2 0 bil
lion dollars from the budget. (3)
Again, the debate sank to a partisan discus
sion on the respective merits of Republicans
and Democrats.
\nited States Representative M. G. Snyder
( Republican, Kentucky) elevated the con
troversy by listing typical expenditures which
have appeared in federal budgets and which,
he suggested, the people could do without. Mr.
Snyder mentioned projects conducted by the
National Institutes of Health, with tax money
appropriated by Congress, such as :
((Studies of Silent Thinking," which cost
$ 2 5 , 5 6 5 ;
((Behavior and physiological concomitants
of dreaming," $ 2 0, 700;
((The social role of aging wild ungulate,"
$ 8, 2 05 ;
((The ontogeny of English phrase struc
ture," $2, 1 00 ;
((A stereotactic atlas of the beagle brain, "
$9, 775 ;
( ( Emergent leadership among the New
Guinea Tolai," $ 1 , 2 5 1 ;
A s ui ci dal referral demons tra ti on , "
$ 1 00, 2 1 5 ;
((Longitudinal growth studies on anomalies
of the head, " $ 2 3 , 7 1 2 ;
((Appointment breaki ng i n a pedi atri c
clinic, " $ 1 8, 00 0 ;
((Initiation and support of a colony of ba
boons," $ 6 1 , 98 5 .
%r. Snyder listed enough such projects to
total 6 5 6 thousand, 429 dollars.
He also mentioned a grant of 1 million,
2 5 0 thousand dollars of tax money for a six
year study of the afectional relationship of an
infant monkey and its mother. He told about
a National Science Foundation grant of 78
thousand dollars for a study of turtles ; of a
National Aeronautics and Space Administra
tion contract for 8 0 thousand, 700 dollars to
fnance research on dolphin talk; of a Depart-
ment of Agriculture safari of two and a half
years into the Kingdom of Nepal, in search of
ornamental plants ; of the Peace Corps spend
ing one million dollars to fnance some Peace
Corps men making an evaluation of other
Peace Corps men.
Representative Snyder told Congress that
negro men in Kenya, Africa, are using Ameri
can foreign aid money to buy more wives for
themselves. (4)
Lverything Mr. Snyder listed, however,
would not total 1 billion dollars. The President
recommended expenditures, for the 1 964 fscal
year, totaling 9 8 billion, 8 00 million, estimat
ing revenues at 8 6 billion, 9 0 0 million, leaving
an estimated defcit of 1 1 billion, 9 0 0 million.
Where could we make signifcant reductions
in that budget without harming the country?
National Defense
or the 1 9 64 fscal year, the President rec
ommended expenditures for National Defense
totaling 5 5 billion, 4 3 3 million dollars. How
can this irreducible" item be reduced?
No one knows what is in the federal budget,
because no one ever really reads it. The budget
is compiled by thousands of employees, repre
senting hundreds of agencies. Each agency
requests the maximum it would like to spend,
and generally adds an across-the-board per
centage increase to that -anticipating across
the-board reduction by Congress.
This practice enables Representatives and
Senators to vote for drastic reductions" in
the budget ( thus making for themselves a
record as careful guardians of public money) .
The wide publicity about how Congress
slashed" the budget gives the public a com
fortable feeling that Congress is still in con
trol, guaranteeing frugal use of tax revenues.
And the bureaucrats get all they expected
anyway.
It sounds like a wicked system; but, actu
ally, no other system is possible, in the handling
of a budget that hovers around 1 00 billion dol-
Page 90
lars a year and provides for everything imagin
able in every corner of the earth-from study
ing monkeys in Africa to shooting at the moon
from Florida.
The total budget looks like the telephone
directory of a major American city. It is over
a thousand large-pages long ( in fne print )
and weighs upward of fve pounds. No one
does ( or could) read and comprehend the
whole thing.
Bureaucrats who compile the budget are
familiar with their particular section. They
spend a whole year on charts, fgures, and
statements, designed to convince congressional
committees that all mankind would sufer
from any reduction in their requests.
The most that any member of Congress can
do, in approving appropriations to implement
the budget, is to select some particular pro
gram of special interest to him. For the rest,
he must guess, take budget requests at face
value, or trade with other members of Con
gress who have other special interests : you vote
with me on foreign aid, and I'll vote with you
on the farm program; and so on.
his explanation of the obvious about the
budget system is by way of saying that no one
person ( not even in the Defense Department
and the Budget Bureau) knows what is buried
in the President's request of 5 5 billion, 43 3
million dollars for National Defense. All we
know for sure is that any member of Congress
who votes to reduce the President's request
for National Defense can be branded by ad
ministration propaganda as a demagogue who
endangers the security of his nation.
In searching for ways to reduce defense
expenditures, therefore, we cannot examine
every item in the budget ; but we can use the
inexorable logic of facts.
In March, 1 9 5 0, General Omar Bradley
( then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staf)
said to a Senate committee :
((Yes, thirteen billion dollars a year is suf
fcient to provide for the security of the
United States. If I recommended as much as
thirty billion a year for the Armed Forces,
I ought to be dismissed as Chief of Staf."( 5 )
If 1 3 billion dollars for national defense was
enough in 1 9 5 0, why is 5 5 billion, 43 3 mil
lion necessary now? Has our enemy ( interna
tional communism) gained so much strength
that it now costs more than four times as
much to defend the country as it cost 1 3
years ago? During those 1 3 years, we have
given away in foreign aid approximately 1 0 5
billion dollars. (6)
The argument for foreign aid undergoes
periodic alterations. (7) Yet, the unrelenting
refrain in all arguments for American foreign
aid is that it is vital to the defense of the United
States, because ( in one way or another) it
weakens international communism.
Since 1 9 5 0, we have "strengthened" our
"national defense" and "weakened" commu
nism by giving away 1 0 5 billion dollars in for
eign aid; yet, the President now claims that
defense costs more than four times as much as
before that 1 0 5 billion was given away.
Our foreign aid programs have done great
damage to our national defense -and should
be stopped abruptly.
he President's 5 5 billion, 43 3 million dol
lar defense budget is not really for national
defense ; it is for defense of the entire world
outside the communist empire ( the so-called
"free world") . Our government has no con
stitutional authority to defend the world.
Moreover, the quadrupling of our defense bud
get in 1 3 years indicates a fundamental fallacy.
In spending for "free world" defenses we
actually weaken those defenses, because we
thus encourage other nations to neglect their
own defense and depend on us -and we, of
course, cannot fnance adequate defense for
the whole free world. "
Jhe only military threat which the United
States need fear is aggressive action with super
weapons from some communist nation. We
have not adequately prepared ourselves against
this danger.
Page 91
We cannot defend the world for 1 3 billion
dollars a year ; but, despite inflation of our
money since 1 9 5 0, we could defend our home
land for that much -which Omar Bradley
specifed in 1 9 5 0 as adequate for defense
( which, even then, included defense of most
of the world) .
e should, therefore, reduce the Presi
dent's National Defense budget to no more
than 1 3 billion -a reduction of 42 billion,
4 3 3 million.
If the President should then fail to spend our
tax money on real defense of the American
nation, he should be impeached and removed
from ofce.
Veterans
Another budget item considered "irreduci
ble" is the 5 billion, 484 million dollars which
the President requested for "Veterans Bene
fts and Services. "
Our government has an obligation to de
pendent families of persons killed in the service
of the country, and to those whose injuries in
capacitated them for productive lives. But does
the government have an obligation to every
dependent of every man who ever got into the
armed forces or who served overseas in time
of war ? Everyone's life is interrupted and dis
turbed in time of war. Must we, therefore, put
the whole nation on free medical care and
pensions?
We are headed toward a disastrous condi
tion prevalent in ancient Rome during the lat
ter days of its decline : when soldiers and vet
erans became such powerful groups that they
could empty the public treasury with their
demands for bonuses and benefts. Today, there
are so many "non-service" connected disability
veterans making demands on veterans hospitals
that many war-service veterans who deserve
hospitalization say they cannot get it. We have
given veterans benefts to thousands of boys
in college who were never in battle -or even
in the armed forces during time of war. We
have provided dependents' medical care for
thousands of families of ex-soldiers whose ser
vice does not j ustify such benefts.
e could decrease the President's request
for Veterans Benefts by at least 3 billion dol
lars, while increasing benefts for the genuinely
deserving -if we would stop benefts to mil
lions of people now receiving what they should
not get.
Science and Research
Another "irreducible" item i n the Presi
dent's budget is 4 billion, 200 million dollars
for "Space Research and Technology. " Con
gress and the public do not know what is
involved here, and cannot fnd out.
Government expenditures for "research"
and "science" are scattered throughout the
budget. Wherever found, they represent great
danger to the freedom and welfare of our
natIOn.
n 1 946, the Atomic Energy Commission
and the Ofce of Naval Research were estab
lished. In 1 9 5 0, the National Science Founda
tion was created, as the frst "general purpose"
federal science agency. In 1 9 5 2, the Army set
up a Chief of Research and Development. The
Air Force has a Deputy Chief of Staf for
Development. President Eisenhower created
the ofce of Special Assistant for Science. He
also formed a Science Advisory Committee. In
1 9 5 9, a Federal Council on Science and Tech
nology was organized.
By June 3 0, 1 9 6 1 , the federal government
was fnancing, and controlling, 60 per cent
of all basic scientifc research and development
in the United States. (8)
Lommenti ng on thi s s i t uati on, Bas i l
O'Connor, President of The National Founda
tion ( a privately endowed organization) , in
a speech to an international symposium of
medical scientists at La Jolla, California, on
January 1 6, 1 96 3 , said:
ttGovernment-supported science has become
a fscal giant that surpasses even our agricul-
Page 92
tural price supports. This has been accom
panied by a relative decline in the contri
butions from other, private sources . . . .
((Scientists fnd themselves harassed and
frustrated by developments which actually
inhibit scientifc progress. This has led many
scientists to see real dangers in the fact that
they can no longer rely for support on a vari
ety of private institutions, and must turn
more and more to the dominant federal agen
cies. For science has traditionally maintained
its independence by relying on diverse sources
of support. But current trends clearly point
to heavier and heavier dependence on one
source: the Federal Government . . . .
((The Federal Government's role in medical
research and training has grown prodigiously
in recent years . . . . In 1 947, the Federal Gov
ernment paid for about one-third of the
nation's medical research. Today, it pays for
one-half ; tomorrow, it will pay for two
thirds, if current trends continue.
((The National Institutes of Health are
among the few federal agencies which regu
larly receive more than the Administration
has asked for on their behalf from Congress.
((Since 1 9 5 3 , Congressional appropriations
for NIH have averaged about 2 5 percent
above Administration requests, and 3 3 percent
above the previous year's fgure. For fscal
1 962, for example, President Kennedy asked
for 5 8 3 million dollars for NIH, which was 34
million dollars more than the previous year's
appropriation. The House upped this to 641
million dollars, the Senate topped that with
8 3 5 million dollars, and the compromise fnally
adopted was 73 8 million dollars . . . .
((The result of this (force-feeding' . . . is
that the National Institutes of Health receive
more money for medical research than can
be used soundly. I do not believe that the
colleges and universities can proftably spend
the amounts being a warded to them by NIH
in the life sciences . . . .
((Indeed . . . the National Institutes of
Health have more than once had to (beat the
bushes' to fnd researchers willing to accept
huge amounts, so that the money would not
revert to general funds at the end of the
fscal year . . . .
((In . . . American science in generaL . . .
the plethora of funds actually constitutes a
positive threat to excellence . . . . In the past
. . . both thought and money were hard to
come by. Now money is plentiful, but thought
is still scarce. The result is a tendency to
spend rather than think . . . .
((As a result of massive research grants,
the universities are becoming fnancially de
pendent on the Federal Government . . . . I
think you would be hard put to fnd a frst
rate graduate department of physics or chem
istry in our entire system of higher education
which could maintain its present standing,
personnel, facilities, and even student body,
without federal income and federal stipends.
((What university could maintain its free
dom of action if the Federal Government
threatened to withdraw support of such mag
nitude? Can the representatives of such an
institution be expected to take a detached
view of the advisability of federal support
of research? ,
,
(
9)
hus, as Mr. O'Connor indicates in that
last sentence, too much federal money encour
ages a bad situation to perpetuate itself.
Mr. O'Connor's anxiety about federal dom
ination of scientifc research is summed up in
these words :
((The danger here is more serious than a
waste of money . . . . I can see the gradual
extension of political control over research.
There are signs of this already . . . .
((I dread the prospect of reaching a point
when the vast majority of scientists will be
indebted to the Federal Government for their
education and for their opportunities for
research, when our universities will be so
dependent on government subvention that
they will have lost their autonomy, and when
the forced-feeding of excessive research funds
will have seriously weakened the scientifc
professions by encouraging waste . . . and a
misguided emphasis on quantity instead of
quality."
Nonetheless, Mr. O'Connor says :
((The problems I have described cannot be
solved by a rollback of federal support of sci
entifc research -that is out of the question. "
hat is the question. Whereas Mr. O'Con
nor recommends nothing more than improved
handling of federal subsidies to science and
research, I recommend cutting them out : they
pose a grim threat to our free society.
A 1 3 billion dollar national defense budget
would provide all funds needed for national
defense research.
Page 93
Total Expenditure Reducti ons
otal expenditures i n the President's bud
get are lumped together as 1 3 separate items,
such as "National Defense, " "Natural Resour-
" "C d T
.
" "G ces, ommerce an ransportatlOn, en-
eral Government, " and so on. The names given
these items, and the breakdowns shown, do
not disclose many unconstitutional subsidy
programs that are, doubtless, included.
A review of this sketchy budget presenta
tion discloses, however, the following amounts
which could be deducted from the President's
recommended expenditures ( it being probable
that many other deductions could be made) :
National Defense $42,43 3 , 000, 000. 00
Veterans Benefts 3 , 000, 000, 000. 00
Space Research and
Technology
Military Assistance
foreign aid
Economic Assistance
foreign aid
Foreign information
and exchange
Farm subsidies, and
related programs
Land & Water resources
Mineral resources
Aviation subsidy
Water Transportation
subsidy
Advancement of business
Area redevelopment
Regulation of Business
Housing & Community
Development
Health
,
Labor & Welfare
Education
TOTAL
4, 200, 000, 000. 00
1 ,45 0, 000, 000. 00
2, 1 1 7, 000, 000. 00
2 3 7, 000, 000. 00
5 , 28 1 , 000, 000. 00
1 , 75 0, 000, 000
.
00
1 07, 000, 000. 00
8 8 5 , 000, 000. 00
677, 000, 000. 00
6 1 7, 000, 000. 00
5 2 1 , 000, 000. 00
94,000, 000. 00
276, 000, 000. 00
5 , 5 97,000
,
0 00. 00
1 , 5 3 7, 000, 000. 00
$ 70
,
779
,
000
,
000. 00
Lutting 70 billion, 779 million dollars
from the President's proposed Administrative
Budget of 98 billion, 8 0 0 million would leave
a budget of 2 8 billion, 02 1 million dollars
which could be further reduced if all remain
ing unconstitutional, and harmful, spending
were cut out. It would, moreover, be auto
matically reduced by elimination of all pro
grams I have suggested eliminating, because
much of the overhead involved in running
those programs is buried in the "General Gov
ernment" item of the budget, and elsewhere.
But, in order to deal with round fgures, let
us assume a peacetime budget, for fscal 1 9 64,
of 3 0 billion dollars ( which is more than three
times as large as the largest peacetime budget
of Franklin D. Roosevelt) yO) A thirty billion
dollar budget for next year would be more
than adequate to fnance all constitutional
functions of the Federal Government -and
could provide better government and better
national defense than Kennedy's 9 8 . 8 billion
dollar budget would provide.
Tax Reductions
President Kennedy originally estimated bud
geted receipts of the federal government for
the present fscal year ( ending June 3 0, 1 96 3 )
at, roughly, 9 3 billion dollars, to come from
the following sources.
personal income taxes 49 billion, 3 00
million dollars ;
corpora tion income taxes 2 6 billion, 600
million;
federal sales taxes 1 0 billion;
federal gift and death taxes 2 billion,
3 00 million;
customs payments on foreign goods 1
billion, 3 0 0 million;
miscellaneous revenues 4 billion, 200
million.
( 1 1 )
If, i n the 1 9 64 fscal year, we had 93 billion
dollars of revenue, and a thirty billion dollar
budget, we would have a 6 3 billion dollar
surplus.
So, we should reduce taxes, from present
rates, by 60 billion dollars -leaving a surplus
of 3 billion dollars in fscal 1 964 to be applied
on the national debt.
The President and his AFL-CIO economists
say that a tax reduction of 1 0 billion dollars
would increase national production by at least
2 0 billion dollarsY2
)
A tax reduction of 60
billion should, then, increase national produc
tion by at least 1 2 0 billion dollars. How about
that, for stimulating our economy?
here should the 60 billion dollar tax
reduction be made ?
Page 94
We should abolish all federal income tax
on corporations because this is a hidden tax
on the total population -the most vicious
kind of taxation. A portion of the cost of cor
poration taxes must be passed on to customers
in the sales price of products. Hence, corpora
tion taxes place the heaviest burden on low
income people -who do most of the consumer
buying and can least aford the tax-padded
pnces.
Until, and unless, we adopt an equitable fed
eral sales tax, we should abolish all budgeted
federal sales taxes ( that is, "excise" taxes on
telephone bills, airplane tickets, automobiles,
and so on) . Present federal sales taxes are dis
criminatory -levied on some commodities
and services, not on others. (
1
3)
We should abolish federal gift and death
taxes, and reduce federal tax on personal
incomes by 2 1 billion, 1 00 million dollars ( a
reduction of more than 4 0 % from present
rates ) .
Finally, Congress should repeal the with
holding law, which ( in violation of the Con-
stitution) compels employers to work for
nothing, collecting and remitting income
taxes imposed on employees. The withholding
law shifts resentment of taxes away from gov
ernment and on to employers, and it conceals
from the people the burden of taxation. (
1
3)
Abol ish The Whole System
A 40% reduction in personal income tax
rates, combined with abolition of federal sales
taxes and of all federal income tax on corpora
tions, would stimulate the American economy
to fabulous production. By the end of 1 9 64,
individuals ( even with a 40% reduction in tax
rates ) would probably be paying more federal
income taxes than now, because of increased
incomes. Then, without a withholding system
to conceal their tax burden, the people would
demand outright repeal of the Sixteenth
( Income Tax) Amendment.
Imagine how our economy would soar if,
instead of reducing personal income taxes
40 %, we eliminated them altogether. Remem-
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Dallas 1 4, Texas
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Page 95
ber that we had better national defense during
the 1 24 years before we had a federal income
tax system than we have ever had since. Cus
toms duties and a small federal excise tax equit
ably distributed ( on all commodities and ser
vices alike) would produce all revenue needed
to run the government, and pay of the national
debt.
( 1 3)
The income tax system i s too rotten, too
corrupt, too inequitable ever to be reformed.
It must be abolished.
he present Congress will not adopt the
kind of tax and budget program I recommend;
but if the public could persuade Congress to
do nothing more than repeal the withholding
law, an irresistible demand for repeal of the
Income Tax Amendment would soon follow.
The people would not carry the crushing bur
den, if they realized what they are paying
and understood how their tax money is being
used for purposes harmful to their country.
In 1 962, United States Representative Bruce
Alger ( Republican, Texas ) introduced a Bill
to repeal the withholding law.
(
1 3) The Bill died
with the 87th Congress, because it did not
receive enough public support. Mr. Alger re
introduced the Bill, as HR 73 9, in the present
session. It deserves massive public support. We
will never efect repeal of the Income Tax
Amendmen t un til we have frst aroused and
educated the total population, by repealing the
withholding law.
What Can I Do?
You can do your best to spread the word,
until there are enough concerned Americans
to elect the kind of Congress we need. Specif
cally, you can help create public and congres
sional support for Bruce Alger's Bill ( HR 7 3 9 )
to repeal the withholding law.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Khrushchev is \aiting," remarks of U. S. Representative Clarence
Cannon ( Democrat, Missouri ) , published in this Reporl, March 4,
1 963 , pp. 70 ft.
( 2) Congressional Record, March 4, 1 96 3 , p. 3 2 1 9
( 3 ) COllgressiollal Record, March 4 , 1 963 , DD. 3 220, 3 2 2 1
( 4) Remarks of U. S. Representative M. G. Snyder (Republican, Ken
tucky) , COllgressiollal Record, March 4, 1 963 , pp. 3 23 7 ft.
( 5 ) Tbe People's Pollage, by Garet Garrett, The Caxton Printers, Ltd.,
Caldwell, Idaho, 1 95 3 , p. 1 43
( 6) Estimated from information in Extension of Remarks by U. S.
Representative Alvin E. O'Konski ( Republican, Wisconsin) , COllgres
siol1al Record, August 6, 1 962, pp. A5 998 ff. ; and, Historical Statistics
of the United Stales, Colouial Times to 1 95 7, U. S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1 9 5 7, pp. 7 1 9, 72 5
( 7) "Post \'ar Years," this Report, March 4, 1 963 , D. 66
( 8 ) Review of Dala 0H Research alld Development, National Science
Foundation, August, 1 960; and IIIl 'eslillg III Scil'lllifc Progress, 1 96 1 -
1 970, National Science Foundation, 1 96 /
( 9 ) Scimce alld Goverll 1llent; the Perilous Partnership, b y Basil O'Connor,
January, 1 963 , distributed by The ational Foundation, 800 Second
Avenue, New Yok 1 7, New York
( 1 0 ) Hislorical Sialislics of Ibe Vllild Siales, Colollial Tillles 10 1 95 7,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1 95 7, p. 7 1 1
( I I ) COllgressional Q1Iarterly Weekly Report, January 1 9, 1 962, pp. 7 4 ff.
( 1 2) "Labor Union Logic," this Report, March 1 8, 1 963 , DD. 81 ff.
( 1 3 ) "Withholding Tax," a four"Dart series in this Report, April 3 0 , 1 962,
t o May 2 1 , 1 962 ; al s o "Khrushchev i s Waiting," remarks of U. S.
Representative Clarence Cannon (Demorat, Missouri) , published i n
thi s Report, March 4, 1 963 , D. 72
WHO I S DA N S MOOT ?
In 1 941, he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for the degree
11 1942, he took leave of absence from Harvard in order to join the FBI. At the close of the war, he stayed
Smoot Report.
Page 96
M
Ifi Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 1 3 ( Broadcast 398 ) April 1, 1 963 Dallas
,
Texas
DAN SMOOT
U NI T E D NAT I ONS
UNSF
In 1 9 5 3 , the United Nations General Assembly voted to create a Special United Nations
Fund for Economic Development ( SUNFED) ; but the proposal lagged, without much
action or publicity
,
until 1 9 5 6 and 1 9 5 7
,
when the American public learned that SUNFED
supporters were urging a program that would cost 5 billion dollars a year, with the United
States paying 7 0 ro of the total. Hans W. Singer, a Briton, who made the prospectus for
SUNFED said:
c cIt will be a heavy burden on American taxpayers, but you will just have to manage
that. You'll get accustomed to paying the taxes.
, ,
(
l
)
Public and congressional reaction in the United States forced the State Department to
oppose the SUNFED scheme. Paul G. Hofman was a member of the U. S. delegation which,
as Mr. Hofman says, had the burden of discouraging the creation of SUNFED.
, ,
(2)
But Mr. Hofman ( a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, who, in the past, was
instrumental in creating some of the most efective afliates of the Council, such as the
Committee for Economic Development ) took the initiative ( on behalf of the United States
government) in proposing a substitute for SUNFED. The substitute was called United
Nations Special Fund ( UNSF) .
hereas SUNFED would have made loans, UNSF makes outright gifts. Mr. Hofman
says :
CCSUNFED . . . [would have been] a capital lending organization. The Special Fund . . .
is an entirely diferent kind of organization. Instead of making loans, it makes grants to
low-income countries to undertake projects aimed at making development investment
in those countries either feasible or more efective.
, ,
(
2)
class mail $12. 50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14. 50 a year. Reprints of specific issues : 1
Page 97
The General Assembly of the United
Nations approved Paul Hofman's idea. UNSF
-United Nations Special Fund -was cre
ated, and began operations on January 1 , 1 9 5 9.
Paul G. Hofman is Managing Director. The
governing body of UN SF is called "Governing
Council of the Special Fund. " It is composed
of representatives from 1 8 nations -9 from
"economically less developed" nations ; 9 from
"more industrial nations.
,
,
(
3)
he Special Fund is fnanced by "volun
tary" contributions from member nations of
the United Nations. The United States annu
ally contributes 40 % of the grand total. Gov
ernments in the receiving countries must raise
a portion of the total cost of the projects.
During the frst four years of operations
( January, 1 9 5 9 to January, 1 96 3 ) , the Special
Fund approved 2 8 6 projects in 74 countries
and territories. The total estimated cost of all
2 8 6 projects was 5 8 8 million, 784 thousand,
7 1 6 dollars ( $ 5 8 8 , 78 4, 7 1 6. 00 ) . Of that total
amount, the nations receiving the aid had
pledged to spend 3 3 8 million, 1 5 8 thousand,
9 1 6 dollars ( $ 3 3 8 , 1 5 8 ,9 1 6. 0 0 ) to help them
selves. The UN Special Fund had pledged the
remainder, 2 5 0 million, 62 5 thousand, 8 0 0
dollars ( $ 2 5 0 , 6 2 5 , 8 0 0 . 0 0 ) of which, the
United States pledged 1 0 0 million, 400 thou
sand dollars ( $ 1 0 0,400, 000. 00 ) .
Practically all nations which have pledged
contributions to the UN Special Fund, and
practically all receiving nations which have
pledged to match the UN Fund grants, have
received more than enough direct aid from the
United States to meet their pledges.
Thus, if we consider our direct contri
butions to the Special Fund, and our aid to
practically all other nations giving to, and
receiving from, the Fund, we fnd that we are
fnancing the Special Fund almost 1 00 ro .
uring the four-year period when the
United States made, to the United Nations
Special Fund, direct contributions totaling
1 0 0 million, 400 thousand dollars, all commu-
nist countries ( including, of course, the Soviet
Union) pledged a total of 8 million, 2 2 8 thou
sand, 2 2 5 dollars ( $ 8 , 2 2 8 , 2 2 5 . 0 0 ) .
During that four-year period, communist
nations received from the United Nations
S pe c i a l Fund c o nt r i b ut i ons t o t a l i ng
$ 1 0, 8 46, 5 00. 00 ( 1 0 million, 8 4 6 thousand,
5 00 dollars ) .
(
4)
In Yugoslavia, one project being fnanced
by the UN Special Fund is for a nuclear
research and training center ( supposedly
restricted to research concerning agricultural
matters) . ( 5 )
Among the 74 nations receiving aid from
the UN Special Fund there are, in addition to
communist countries, many which cannot yet
be characterized as communist nations but
which are in the grip of communists, or pro
communists , or socialists who detest the
American constitutional system. For example,
Burma has received $4, 1 9 3 , 000. 00 ; Brazil,
$4, 9 6 5 , 200. 00 ; India, $ 1 7, 3 9 1 , 5 0 0. 00 ; Indo
nesia, $ 1 , 5 48 , 3 0 0 . 0 0 ; Laos, $ 5 8 3 ,900. 00 ;
Venezuela, $4,78 0, 3 00. 00.
Israel, which is providing training for th
armed forces of the communist dictator of
Ghana, has received $ 2, 643 , 200. 00 from the
UN Special Fund. (
6
)
In short, the United Nations Special Fund
is another means by which American taxpay
ers are being forced to subsidize socialist and
communist dictators all over the world.
The situation was not brought to public
attention in the United States, however, until
the early part of 1 9 6 3 , when the press reported
that the Special Fund had approved an aid
gralt to Cuba.
In May, 1 9 6 1 , Paul Hofman and the Gov
erning Council of the United Nations Special
Fund approved a grant to fnance expansion of
the Central Agricultural Experimental Station
in Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. The total cost
of the project was estimated at 3 million dol
lars - 1 million, 1 5 7 thousand, 600 dollars
to be given by the Special Fund, the remainder
Page 98
to be raised by Castro's government. The
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organ
ization ( FAO) was chosen as the "administer-
" mg agency.
I reported on this UN grant to Castro in the
May 1 5 , 1 9 6 1 , issue of this Report and in my
book The Invisible Government, which was
published in June, 1 962 although, in both,
I inaccurately called the UN Special Fund
SUNFED.
It was late in 1 962 ( after our "blockade"
of Cuba ) before Castro would let representa
tives of the UN "administering" agency
( FAO) enter Cuba to sign agreements that
were necessary before the aid could be given.
In January, 1 96 3 , United States representa
tives in the United Nations formally objected
to the Special Fund grant to Cuba, pointing
out that 40 50 of it would come from United
States taxpayers. (7)
On February 1 3 , 1 9 6 3 , Paul G. Hofman
announced that the United Nations Special
Fund was going ahead with the gift to Castro,
despite vigorous objections from the United
States. Saying he had been under pressure not
to make the grant to Castro, Hofman said he
would resign before yielding to such pressure.
Hofman promised, however, that the UN
Special Fund would spend no American money
on the Cuban project ! (B) He did not explain
how this miracle would be accomplished, since
40 % of every dollar the Fund spends, any
where for any purpose, is contributed directly
by the United States.
The United Nations Special Fund is by no
means the only UN organization giving our
tax money to communist countries. During
the 1 9 6 1 - 62 fscal year, the United Nations
Expanded Program of Technical Assistance
gave Cuba $44 5 , 8 8 3 for 1 projects. The
United States pays for 40 50 of this UN out
ft's expenditures. (9)
In November, 1 962, the UN Technical
Assistance Committee of the Economic and
Social Council approved 1 1 proj ects for Cuba
for the 1 963 -64 fscal year. Nine of these 1 1
projects will cost $ 1 , 03 3 , 0 8 0. 00. Cost of the
.
b ' d
( 1 0)
other 2 projects has not yet een estImate .
The UN initiated the Volta River project
in communist Ghana. The United States has
promised to pay 5 2 70 of the total cost. This
project alone will take more than 3 60 million
.
d 11
( 1 1 )
Amencan tax 0 ars.
United Nati ons Fish Story
Longress and the American press generally
ignored the UN Special Fund grant to Castro
in 1 96 1 , when the grant was frst approved;
but in 1 96 3 , Cuba was a sore subject. The
thought that money, taken away from Amer
ican taxpayers, was being given to Castro,
rankled.
Urged on by outraged constituents, many
United States Representatives and Senators
began to question the wisdom of our member
ship in United Nations Organizations which
can use our tax money to subsidize our sworn
enemies, in open defance of our protests.
uring February and March, 1 9 6 3 ,
United States Representative Durward G. Hall
( Republican, Missouri ) made a searching
investigation into the costs and operations of
the United Nations Special Fund. In one
speech to the House, Mr. Hall pointed out that,
although the United States pays most of the
Fund's bills, the United States is one country
which never receives a penny from the outft.
Thereupon, various United Nations ofcials
assured Mr. Hall that the United States has
received aid from the United Nations. Mr.
Hall asked for details. He was told that the
UN had sent a Chinese expert to teach Ameri
can rice farmers how to grow fsh in rice
paddies.
The sum of the Chinese expert's advice to
American farmers, as best Mr. Hall could
determine, is the following:
HIn their wild state, they ( the fsh in the
rice paddies ) only spawn when they are
happy. Our problem is how to make them
happy in captivity. We might have to feed
them special vitamins, make sure they get
their calories and even give them hormone
injections to make them more peppy."
Page 99
%r. Hall could not, however, fnd out
where, or when, this UN Special Fund aid
project to the United States was conducted.
The UN Information Center in Washington
told him the rice-fsh project was in Kansas -
which has no rice paddies. The New York
Ofce of the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization told him the project was in
Arkansas. Mr. Hall found in a book written
by Paul G. Hofman a statement that the rice
fsh project was in Louisiana. Mr. Hall wrote
Hofman to fnd out where in Louisiana, and
to get other details. In reply, Mr. Hofman
merely admitted that he had made a "regret
table mistake" in his book. But he did not tell
Mr. Hall what the mistake was, or where the
rice-fsh proj ect was.
From remarks by ofcials of the American
government and from odds and ends of infor
mation supplied by various UN ofcials, Mr.
Hall concluded that some Chinese expert had
come to the United States to tell our rice farm
ers to keep their fsh happy and that the United
States Government had paid for the expert's
services directly; but Mr. Hall never deter
mined when the Chinaman came, where he
went, whom he advised, or how much we paid
h
" ( 1 2)
1m.
UNESCO/s Sovi et Propaganda
Ln February 1 4, 1 96 3 , American news
papers which carried stories about the UN
Special Fund's gift of American tax money to
Castro, also carried stories about a booklet
published by UNESCO ( United Nations Edu
cational, Scientifc, and Cultural Organiza
tion) almost a year before.
The 1 06-page booklet is entitled Equality
of Rights Between Races and Nationalities in
the USSR. It was written by two Soviet
nationals ( 1. P. Tsamarian and S. L. Ronin) .
It was published by UNESCO in March, 1 962.
The book i s pure Soviet propaganda, denounc
ing "race discrimination" in the United States
and "colonialist oppression" in the western
world generally, while praising Soviet "race
relations" as one of the major social triumphs
of the twentieth century. It speaks of the
"immense progress . . . in all economic and cul
tural felds" in communist China, since China
"freed itself from colonial domination, over
threw the reactionary regime, and established
the rule of the people. "
Mere are a few other quotations from the
UNESCO booklet :
HOnly the revolution of October 1 9 1 7,
which . . . instituted the Soviet system, ena
bled the peoples of Russia to achieve genuine
equality of rights and freedom of develop
ment . . . . It was the Communist Party which
showed the peoples of Russia the true way to
free themselves from social and national
oppression . . . .
(( The Soviet Union is a brotherhood of free
and equal peoples
,
comprising 15 sovereign
Soviet Republics in voluntary association on
a footing of complete equality. Under the
Constitution of the U.S.S.R., each of these
Republics retains the right to secede from the
union. Each of them embodies the collective
will of its people and can decide its own
future in entire freedom.
,,
(
1
3
)
he United States paid 3 2. 02 70 of the
total cost of publishing this UNESCO pam
phlet and giving it world-wide distribution
a great deal more than the Soviet Union paid.
The fact that American taxpayers are pay
ing for United Nations publications to dis
tribute such infamous lies in support of world
communism -coming to public attention
simultaneously with facts about the United
Nations giving our tax money to Cuba
aroused considerable ire. Members of Congress
and representatives of the press demanded a
statement from our State Department. An
ofcial of the State Department said that, on
April 2 5 , 1 962, the Department had "pro
tested vigorously" ( with viggah? ) .4)
UN Lies About the Congo
Ln March 2 1 , 1 96 3 , United Nations of
cials in the Congo admitted that the United
Nations had been lying about its operations in
Page 100
the Congo.
While decent people all over the earth were
appalled at the United Nations war to subject
the province of Jatanga to the rule of the
communist-controlled Congolese government,
not very many were aware that other prov
inces of the former Belgian Congo were also
trying to exercise self-determination, in order
to escape domination by the central govern
ment. One such province was South Jasai.
Longolese and United Nations armies used
the same savage tactics to suppress South Jasai
that they used in Jatanga. Mission stations and
hospitals were ransacked and pillaged. Eye
witnesses told of United Nations-supported
Congolese troops pouring gasoline on huts, set
ting them afre, and shooting down all who
tried to escape. Whole villages and towns were
destroyed. More than 1 00, 000 South Jasaians,
who escaped the guns and bayonets of United
Nations and Congolese troops, fed into the
brush, to sufer famine.
(
1 5 )
Thus, United States tax money was used by
the United Nations to suppress rebellion in the
province of South Jasai in the Congo.
For two months, while this frightful opera
tion was afoot, United Nations ofcials denied
that any unusual action was taking place in
South Jasai. Then, on March 2 1 , 1 96 3 , United
Press International dispatched a news story
from Leopoldville, with the following opening
paragraph:
HThe United Nations, after constantly
denying it for two months, fnally admitted
Thursday it had crushed an active rebellion
against the Congolese government in South
Kasai province.
, ,
( 1 5)
Dangers of Our UN Membershi p
he "bad" publicity which the United
Nations received in America during the
months of February and March, 1 9 6 3 , pro
vided no new information for Americans who
have studied UN operations from the begin
ning. These Americans who know and care
have realized since 1 94 5 that American mem-
bership in the United Nations would not only
bring disgrace upon our nation but would
eventually lead to the destruction of our free
and independent Republic.
Our membership in the United Nations
became ofcial on J ul y 2 8 , 1 94 5 , when the
United States Senate ratifed the United
Nations Charter. Only two Senators voted
against ratifcation: William Langer of North
Dakota, and Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota.
Senator Hiram Johnson of California was on
his death bed and could not vote against ratif
cation, but he went on record against it.
anger is now dead; but the American
people should read again the words that he
spoke on July 2 8 , 1 94 5 , when he voted against
ratifcation of the United Nations Charter.
Senator Langer said:
Practically all members of this body have
indicated that they will vote for the charter.
Under my oath . . . and under my conscience,
I cannot so vote. If I did I would feel that I
was betraying the hundreds of thousands who
have died in this war for the United States,
and the hundreds of thousands who have sac
rifced their loved ones and their treasure.
. . . I feel from the bottom of my heart that
the adoption of the charter -and, make sure,
we are going to implement it -will mean
perpetuating war. I feel that it will mean the
enslavement of millions of people from Poland
to India, from Korea to Java, as well as people
in many other places on this earth.
HMr. President, I feel that the adoption of
the charter will be one step more toward com
pulsory and military conscription, and all
that which goes with war.
In my opinion, the charter is not at all
similar to the Constitution of the United
States which was adopted by the Original
Colonies . . . .
I believe it is fraught with danger to
the American people, and to American
in s ti tu tions. . . .
I cannot, I will not, God helping me, vote
for a measure which I believe to be unlawful
under our Constitution, a measure which, in
my opinion, betrays the very people who sent
us to the Senate as their representatives.
, ,
( 16)
Senator Langer spoke broadly about the
dangers of our membership in the United
Page 101
Nations. One specifc danger is that the United
Nations provides the cover of diplomatic
immunity for communist spies, saboteurs, and
secret police agents sent into the United States.
Communist agents, attached to UN delega
tions from communist countries, enter and
leave the United States at will. They serve as
couriers for the communist world-wide espi
onage network. They bring in tons of propa
ganda material. They direct espionage and
sabotage activities in the United States.
he case of 2 1 Russian seamen in 1 9 5 6
proved that the Soviet secret police, under
cover of UN diplomatic representation, actu
ally operate inside the United States, terroriz
ing refugees who have sought asylum here,
contemptuously defying American laws and
American law-enforcement agencies.
A group of Russian seamen who had been
given asylum in America were working and
living in New York and New Jersey. Soviet
secret police, with UN credentials, went into
their homes, beat them into submission, kid
napped them, and forced them to return to
Russia. American law enforcement agencies
knew what was happening. In fact, they stood
by and watched but did nothing, because the
Soviet secret police would not permit them
to do anything -in New York City, mind
you. (
1
7
)
UN Peace Record
5
ince the UN was established to save suc
ceeding generations from the scourge of war,"
and to guarantee self-determination for all
people, one of the bloodiest wars in history has
been fought.
Communists have conquered China, Tibet,
Laos, Cuba, Ghana, British Guiana, and a
whole tier of Eastern European states from the
Baltic to the Adriatic -not to mention Indo
nesia and a score of new African nations con
trolled by communist sympathizers -and
have murdered millions of people in the
process.
The United Nations has not even protested
against these communist conquests.
\N idolators still talk about the Korean
war as a UN police action which stopped the
spread of communism. Actually, the UN
police action in Korea did more for the spread
of communism than anything else has ever
done.
American and South Korean soldiers did
virtually all the fghting, and the United States
bore practically 1 00 % of the cost. The UN
acted merely to hamstring American opera
tions so that our soldiers sent into battle to die,
could not use their best weapons to destroy the
enemy. The Korean war was the worst disaster
in American history: it cost us the lives of over
5 0, 000 American soldiers ; it built Red China
into a menacing military power; it lost us the
respect of all of Asia ; and it ended, on enemy
terms, as the frst war America ever lost
primarily because of the United Nations.
UN
II
ldea I
II
n some quarters, it does no good to recite
the UN's failures. UN supporters will say,
Well, you can't expect perfection. The UN
means well, and we must keep trying. "
As long as we keep trying to do anything in
the United Nations, we are headed for ruin
because the UN is an international socialist
conspiracy whose aim is to produce a socialist
one-world. The best way to prove this is to
examine the United Nations Bill of Rights. "
Ln June 2 1 , 1 946, the Economic and
Social Council of the United Nations estab
lished a UN Commission on Human Rights.
The task of this Commission was to write the
UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights
-to elaborate upon the ideals and objectives
broadly outlined in Chapter IX of the UN
Charter.
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, America's repre
sentative on the Commission, was the frst
chairman. One of Mrs. Roosevelt's successors
as chairman of the UN Human Rights Com-
Page 102
mission was an internationally famous social
ist
,
Dr. Charles Malik
,
of Lebanon.
Writing later of his experience in the UN
Human Rights Commission
,
Dr. Malik can
didly admitted that the activities of that Com
mission "responded for the most part more to
Soviet than to Western promptings. "
The Human Rights Commission completed
the UN Universal Declaration of Human
Rights in 1 948 ; and on December 1 0, 1 948 ,
the General Assembly of the United Nations
unanimously adopted the Declaration as a
statement of United Nations ideals.
hese same ideals can be found in the Con
stitution of the Soviet Union:
Article 23 of the United Nations Declara
tion of Human Rights: Everyone has the right
to work . . . and to equal pay for equal work.
Article 1 1 8 of the Constitution of the Soviet
Union: Citizens of the USSR have the right to
work . . . and payment for their work in
accordance with its quantity and quality.
Article 23 of the UN Declaration of
Human Rights: Everyone has the right to
form and to join trade unions. Article 1 2 6,
Constitution of the Soviet Union: Citizens of
the USSR are insured the right to unite . . . in
trade unions.
Article 24 of the United Nations Declara
tion of Human Rights: Everyone has the right
to rest and leisure. Article 1 1 9, Constitution
of the Soviet Union: Citizens of the USSR
have the right to rest and leisure.
Article 22 of UN Declaration: Everyone
. . . has the right to social security. Article 1 20
of the Constitution of the USSR has the same
provision.
Article 2 6 of the UN Declaration of
Human Rights: Everyone has the right to
education. Article 1 2 0 of the Soviet Constitu
tion: Citizens of the USSR have the right to
education.
Article 2 5 of the UN Declaration of
Human Rights: Motherhood and childhood
are entitled to special care and assistance. All
children, whether born in or out of wedlock,
shall enjoy the same social protection. Article
1 22 of the Soviet Constitution has a similar
provision.
he United Nations-Soviet ideal ( that all
powerful government should provide rights
and benefts for the people) is the exact oppo-
DAN SMOOT,
Dallas 14, Texas
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Page 103
site of the American ideal that men get their
rights from God, not from government ; that
government can give the people nothing it has
not frst taken away; that man, if he is to be
free, must restrict government to a very lim
ited and negative role.
What To Do
e cannot restore the eternal principles
and ideals of government which made the
United States the envy of the earth, as long as
we stay in the United Nations and subscribe
to its totalitarian principles.
On October 7, 1 9 6 1 , the People's World
( West Coast newspaper of the communist
party) published an editorial entitled Save
the UN, " saying:
((The UN commands a great reservoir of
su pport in our country. This support should
now be made vocal.
((People should write President Kennedy,
telling him -
((Do not withdraw from UN.
((Restore UN to the Grand Design of
Franklin Roosevelt -the design for peaceful
coexistence. "
American withdrawal from the United
Nations would be a severe blow to the world
wide communist movement, and a tremendous
boost to the cause of freedom.
Surely, the events so widely publicized in
February and March, 1 96 3 , will lead the
American people to support the eforts of two
of the best men in the United States Congress :
Representatives Bruce Alger and James B. Utt,
both of whom introduced Bills on January 9,
1 96 3 , to get the United States out of the
United Nations ( Alger Bill, HR 2 63 ; Utt Bill,
HR 427) .
( 1 8)
FOOTNOTES
( I ) Chicago Daily Tribune, October 29, 1 9 5 6, p. 1 - 20
( 2) Letter of Paul G. Halman to Dan Smoot, November 26, 1 962
( 3 ) The Priorities 0/ Progress: The Ulli/ed Natiolls SPecial Fltlld 1 96 1 ,
published b y the United Nations, New York
(4) Statistical tables on costs and operations of the United Nations Special
Fund in the COllgressiollal Record, February 2 1 , 1 963 , pp. 2 5 5 3 I. ;
February 2 8 , 1 96 3 , pp. 3 072 I. ; March 1 9, 1 963 , pp. 43 24 I.
( 5 ) Remarks of U. S. Representative Durward G. Hall ( Republican,
Missouri ) , COllgressiollal Record, February 2 5 , 1 963 , pp. 28 08 I.
( 6 ) "New Helpmate for New Nations," by Albert Q. Maisel, The
Rotariall, November, 1 96 1 , pp. 1 60 I. ; "Israel Builds Friendship in
Africa," by Robert Hewett, Miulleapolis Star, September . 7b
( 7) "U. S. Fights U.N. Grant For Castro," Dallas Times Herald, January
9, 1 963 , p. 1 4-A
( 8 ) "U. S. Protest Fai ls To Deter U. N. Aid Project For Cubans," The
Dallas Morning News, February 14, 1 963 , Section I, p. 2
( 9) Remarks of U.S. Representative Durward G. Hall, COllgressiollal
Record, February 2 1 , 1 963 , pp. 2 5 5 2 I.
( 1 0 ) Remarks of U. S. Representative Durward G. Hall, COllgressiollal
Record, March 6, 1 963 , pp. 3 3 5 7 I.
( I I ) The Dallas Mornillg News, March 9, 1 963 , Section I, p. 6
( 1 2 ) "A United Nations Fish Story," remarks of U. S. Representative
Durward G. Hal l, COllgressiolll1 Record, March 1 8, 1 963 , pp. 4 1 78 I.
( 1 3 ) "Communists Use United Nations To Promote Their Cause," Exten
sion of Remarks of U. S. Representative John M. Ashbrook ( Repub
lican, Ohio) , COlIgressi01lal Record, March 2 1 , 1 963 , p. AI 604
( 1 4) "U. N. Booklet Hails Red 'Brotherhood,' ' ' The Dallas Moming News,
February 1 4, 1 96 3 , Section I, p. 2
( 1 5 ) "U. N. Admits Halting Rebellion In Congo," The Dallas Momill/
News, March 22, 1 963 , Section I, D. 3
( 1 6) Remarks of U.S. Senator William Langer, COllgressiollal Record, July
2 S , 1 9 5 8 , p. 1 3 946
( 1 7) Chicago Daily Trib7llle, May 4, 1 9 5 6, pp. 1 , 1 0
( I S ) Congr.ssiollal Quarterly Weekly Report, March 22, 1 963 , pp. 3 5 9 I.
.
Smoot Report.
Page 104
M
Ifi Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 14 ( Broadcast 399 ) April 8, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
THE TRAGEDY OF u. S. MEMBERSHI P I N THE
UNITED NATI ONS
ell-informed constitutionalist Americans know that the United Nations Charter is a
multi-nation treaty which, if obeyed by all parties to it, would require member nations to
cooperate in socializing their national economies and then to merge into a unifed world-wide
socialist system. (
1
) Creation of a world socialist system is the objective of communism. Thus,
as created, the United Nations and all its specialized agencies are designed to serve the cause
of communism.
In many specifc ways, the United Nations has promoted the interests of the Soviet Union.
The United Nations and its specialized agencies provide diplomatic immunity to, and a
cover for, Soviet secret police, spies, saboteurs, and propagandists to enter, and travel in, the
United States. (
2
)
Uut the UN's primary service to the Soviet Union and its primary disservice to the United
States have resulted from the weakness and folly ( and/or treachery) of our own leaders.
Having been brainwashed with the notion that, in the interests of world peace, all nations
must be controlled by decisions of an international congress, United States ofcialdom has
slavishly subjected itself to the designs of the United Nations, although no other government
in the world does so.
The result is that we, the greatest nation on earth, have no national policy. We try to
handle the foreign afairs of our nation through United Nations agencies whose bills we pay,
but in which we have one lone vote -a vote on a par with that of any little African nation
of semi-savages or of a Soviet puppet state like Outer Mongolia.
Shift in the Bal ance of Power
he United States directly pays 3 2 . 02 % of administrative costs of the United Nations
and of all its specialized agencies. Our share of the cost of United Nations special activities
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 12303 ( Ofce Address
Page 105
( the UN war in the Congo, for example)
amounts to more than half of the total ; and
our voluntary contributions toward fnancing
te pr
grams of the specialized agencies ( for

eIgn aId programs of the United Nations
Special Fund, for example) range upward of
40% of the total.
If we consider that practically all nations
( except the Soviet Union) which contribute
anything at all to fnancing UN operations
get more than enough direct aid from the
United States to ofset their contributions -
it is accurate to say that upward of 9 0 % of
all United Nations costs come, eventually, out
of the paychecks of American taxpayers.
Yet, a primitive African nation, containing
fewer people than the smallest American state,
has the same voting strength in the UN that
we have.
It was during the Eisenhower administra
tion ( when 4 1 new nations were added to UN
membership) that the balance of power in the
UN shifted to Afri can- Asian-neutralist
nations -most of which have displayed deep
animosity toward the United States, sympathy
for the Soviet Union.
A few events in recent years will illustrate.
In December, 1 9 5 8 , the United Nations
General Assembly voted on a resolution to
criticize the Soviet Union for brutal suppres
sion of freedom in Hungary. Yugoslavia voted
with nine other communist nations against the
resolution. Fifteen nations -some considered
as our western allies, " and all on the receiving
end of American foreign aid -refused to
vote, thus refusing to support the United
States and refusing to criticize the Soviet
Union. The ffteen: Afghanistan, Ceylon,
Ethiopia, Finland, Ghana, Greece, India, Indo
nesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Saudi
Arabia, Sudan, United Arab Republic. ( 3)
In a press conference one week before this
UN vote, President Eisenhower had said that
our foreign aid is in our own interest because
it
p
roduces a stron
g
union between 1 and the
nations receiving it.
In December 4, 1 9 5 8 , Dr. Charles H.
Malik, of Lebanon, then President of the
United Nations General Assembly, in a public
speech at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New
York City, said that the number of countries
voting against the United States proposals in
the UN is increasing -and that the nations
opposing us are scattered all over the world. (4)
Carlos P. Romulo, Philippine Ambassador
to the United States, on the same occasion, said
the underdeveloped" nations are losing
respect for the West, particularly for the
United States. He said that the uncom
mitted" people of Asia and Africa are
impressed by the fact that after only ffteen
years of world leadership, the United States is
losing to the Soviet Union. (4)
he Security Council of the United
Nations is composed of fve permanent mem
bers ( United States, Soviet Union, Nationalist
China, England, France) and six non-perma
nent members. The non-permanent members
are elected for two-year terms by the UN
General Assembly.
The UN Charter says that, in electing these
non-permanent members, due regard" should
be specially paid, in the frst instance, to the
contribution of Members of the United
Nations to the maintenance of international
peace. "
The biggest war which the United Nations
has fought, allegedly in the interest of peace, "
was in Korea. The only UN member which
gave the United States and South Korea any
appreciable help in that tragedy was Turkey.
All communist nations were, in efect if not
formally, at war with the UN during the
Korean confict.
In 1 9 5 9, the UN General Assembly had the
j ob of electing a non-permanent member to
the Security Council, as a replacement for
Japan whose two-year term ended that year.
The United States proposed and supported
Turkey, because of Turkey's "record in the
United Nations. " The Afro-Asian" bloc,
supported by Latin American nations, j oined
Page 106
communist nations to support communist
Poland instead of Turkey; and the nomination
of Turkey was defeated.
Here the UN General Assembly rej ected the
nation which had supported a UN war, and
supported a communist nation which had been
the enemy in that war ! The "explanation" was
rather well summed up in a New York Times
news article, October 1 3 , 1 9 5 9 :
( (Many delegates believe that Premier
Khrushchev's talks with President Eisenhower
have reduced international tension and are
therefore unwilling to take action that the
Soviet Union would interpret as a resumption
of the cold war. "
In September, 1 9 6 1 , 22 of the Afro-Asian
nations and 2 communist nations ( Cuba and
Yugoslavia) met in a "neutralist" conference
at Belgrade. They expressed approval of Soviet
foreign policy and condemned United States
policies. They even blamed the United States
because the Soviets had resumed testing of
nuclear weapons. ( 5 ) Those 24 nations had, at
that time, received more than 6 billion dollars
in aid from the United States, practically noth
ing from the Soviet Union; and they have
received great quantities of American aid since
September, 1 9 6 1 .
(6)
Li beral I nsani ty
Ln July 26, 1 9 6 1 , Sir Abubakar Tafawa
Balewa, Prime Minister of Nigeria, spoke in
Washington to the United States House of
Representatives. Balewa demanded that the
United Nations be strengthened
to make it
i mpos s i bl e for any nati on to i gnore i ts
authority.
, ,
(7)
Balewa's speech to a bored House of Repre
sentatives was treated as an unimportant
event ; but, in a way, it was among the most
important public pronouncements made dur
ing the year 1 9 6 1 . The prime minister of one
of the backward African nations which now
control United Nations policies, told our Con
gress that his United Nations should now be
given the power to enforce its decisions on us.
It would not be a welcome or pleasant sight
-but would at least be understandable -if
the underdeveloped nations of Africa played
the toady to us, fawning and wheedling to get
our money and support.
But the incredible fact is that we, the great
est nation in history, play the toady to them.
Any representative from any new African
nation ( whose population may consist of a few
hundred thousand cannibals and stone-age
tribal groups, whose economy has been sup
ported by our aid, and whose culture consists
largely of decorations carved or burned on the
faces of children) can threaten the United
States and make demands on us ; and we fear
fully comply, lest the dark people of the earth
think ill of us.
he liberal leaders of America have become
quite insane about the question of race. They
appear to have a sense of shame about being
white people. At home, they will tear up the
Constitution and undermine the liberties of
the whole nation in order to support some
cause sponsored by a pro-communist negro
organization. Abroad, they will take any
insult, and sacrifce the most vital interests of
their own country, to serve the under
developed colored people. "
The only nation i n Africa which we con
sistently vote against in the United Nations is
the only white Christian nation on that
unhappy continent -the Republic of South
Africa, an outpost of white civilization
hemmed in by about 1 5 million blacks, most
of them living in a state of semi-savagery. We
insult and condemn the white South Africans,
and support the blacks.
Aware of this psychosis -this suicidal
tendency -on the part of our liberal" polit
ical leaders, let's take a look at the present
balance of power in the United Nations.
The United Nations now has 1 1 0 members.
They are listed below in the broad categories
generally used to designate basic political
1 " bl ' "

a Ignment : western oc natIOns ; com-
munist bloc ; " "Afro-Asian bloc ; " "Latin
American bloc. " The year of admission to UN
membership is indicated in parentheses.
Page 107
Western Bloc Nations (2 5 in number)
Australia ( 1945 )
Japan ( 1 95 6 )
Austria ( 1 9 5 5 ) Luxembourg ( 1 945 )
Belgium ( 1945 ) Netherlands ( 1945 )
Canada ( 1945 ) New Zealand ( 1 945 )
China ( Nationalist) ( 1 945 ) Norway ( 1 945)
Denmark ( 1 945 ) Portugal ( 1 9 5 5 )
Finland ( 19 5 5 ) Repu blic of Sou th Africa
France ( 1 945 ) ( 1 945 )
Greece ( 1 945 ) Spain ( 1 9 5 5 )
Iceland ( 1946) Sweden ( 1 946 )
Ireland ( 1 95 5 ) Turkey ( 1 945 )
Israel ( 1 949 ) United Kingdom ( 1945 )
Italy ( 1 9 5 5 ) United States ( 1 945 )
Communist Bloc Nations (1 2 in number)
Albania ( 1 95 5 ) Outer Mongolia ( 1 9 6 1 )
Bulgaria ( 1 9 5 5 ) Poland ( 1 945 )
Byelorussian S.S.R. ( 1 945 ) Romania ( 1 9 5 5 )
Cuba ( 1 945 ) Ukrainian S.S.R. ( 1945 )
Czechoslovakia ( 1 945 ) U.S.S.R. ( 1 945 )
Hungary ( 1 9 5 5 ) Yugoslavia ( 1 945 )
Afro-Asian Bloc Nations ( 52 in number)
Afghanistan ( 1 946)
Algeria ( 1 962)
Burma ( 1 948)
Burundi ( 1 962)
Cambodia ( 1 9 5 5 )
Cameroun ( 1 960)
Central African Republic
( 1 960)
Ceylon ( 1 9 5 5 )
Chad ( 1960)
Congo (Brazzaville)
( 1 960)
Congo (Leopoldville)
( 1 960)
Cyprus ( 1 960)
Dahomey ( 1 960)
Ethiopia ( 1 945 )
Gabon ( 1 960)
Ghana ( 1 95 7)
Guinea ( 1 95 8 )
India ( 1 945 )
Indonesia ( 1 95 0)
Iran ( 1 945 )
Iraq ( 1 945 )
Ivory Coast ( 1 96 0 )
Jordan ( 1 95 5 )
Laos ( 1 9 5 5 )
Lebanon ( 1 945 )
Liberia ( 1 945 )
Libya ( 1 9 5 5 )
Malaya ( 1 95 7)
Mali ( 1 960)
Mauritania ( 1 96 1 )
Morocco ( 1 95 6)
Nepal ( 1 9 5 5 )
Niger l( 1 960)
Nigeria ( 1 960)
Pakistan ( 1 947)
Philippines ( 1 945 )
Republic of Malagasy
( 1 960)
Rwanda ( 1 962)
Saudi Arabia ( 1 945 )
Senegal ( 1 96 0)
Sierra Leone ( 19 6 1 )
Somali Republic ( 196 0 )
Sudan ( 1 95 6 )
Syria ( 1 945 )
Tanganyika ( 1 96 1 )
Thailand ( 1 946)
Togo ( 1 960)
Tunisia ( 195 6)
Uganda ( 1 962)
United Arab Republic
( 1 945 )
Upper Volta ( 1 960)
Yemen ( 1 947 )
Latin American Bloc Nations (21 in number)
Argentina ( 1 945 ) Haiti ( 1 945 )
Bolivia ( 1 945 ) Honduras ( 1 945 )
Brazil ( 1 945 ) Jamaica ( 1 962 )
Chile ( 1 945 ) Mexico ( 1 945 )
Colombia ( 1 945 ) Nicaragua ( 1945 )
Costa Rica ( 1 945 ) Panama ( 1 945 )
Dominican Republic Paraguay ( 1 945 )
( 1 945 ) Peru ( 1 945 )
Ecuador ( 1 945 ) Trinidad-Tobago ( 1 962)
El Salvador ( 1 945 ) Uruguay ( 1 945 )
Guatemala ( 1945 ) Venezuela ( 1 945 )
Lven this broad and inadequate grouping
reveals a disastrous balance of power in the
United Nations :
Afro-Asian Bloc nations
Western Bloc nations
Latin American Bloc
Communist Bloc nations
5 2
2 5
2 1
1 2
The "communist bloc" is truly a "bloc" -
controlled by the Soviet Union ( with an occa
sional straying by Yugoslavia, to keep alive
the fction of Yugoslavian independence and,
thus, to keep American money flowing to this
communist satellite) . The communist bloc
alone can outvote us 1 2 to 1 .
The Afro-Asian Bloc is not so totally con
trolled as the communist bloc; but it sticks
together as a unit on most signifcant issues
and i t generally supports the Soviet Union.
The Afro-Asian nations are seldom, if ever, on
the side of the United States in an issue of
maj or importance -unless the United States
and the Soviet Union are on the same side.
Of the 5 2 nations i the Afro-Asian bloc,
at least 5 can correctly be called communist
nations, since they are controlled by com
munists or by men like Sukarno of Indonesia
who is, for all practical purposes, a communist :
Algeria, Congo ( Leopoldville) , Ghana, Indo
nesia, Laos.
All Afro-Asian nations are, like Burma and
India, socialist nations whose political ideolo
gies are basically inimical to America consti
tutional ideals ; and most of them have revealed
a deep hostility toward the United States.
Of the 2 1 Latin American nations, at least
fve are in the hands of communists or pro
communists : Bolivia, Brazi l, Dominican
Republic, Uruguay, Venezuela. Kennedy's
Alliance for Prqgress program is preparing all
of Latin America for communism.
ook particularly at the 2 5 "western bloc"
nations. These are our "staunch allies" in the
United Nations :
Australia is ofended by our part in forcing
the Netherlands to surrender New Guinea to
Page 108
Indonesia. Belgians are ofended by our part
in forcing them out of the Congo and in con
demning them when they tried to return to
restore order. Canada is ofended by recent
State Department meddling in Canadian
domestic politics. Finland is under the thumb
of the Soviet Union. France is deeply ofended
by our support of communist movements
which have dismembered the French empire.
Greece, for years, has been moving toward
the position of communism in international
disputes, and supports the Soviet Union as
often as she supports the United States in
United Nations decisions. Iceland is pro
communist, strongly anti -United States.
Israel, a socialist nation which has received
vast sums of money from the United States,
is providing training for the armies of the
communist dictator of Ghana. Italy contains
the biggest communist party outside the
Soviet Union and is currently engaged in a
program of nationalizing ( that is, communiz
ing) major industries. The Netherlands has
been grievously hurt by United States stands
in the United Nations, forcing her to give up
East Indian possessions -which became the
pro-communist nation of Indonesia; and by
our part in forcing her to surrender New
Guinea to Indonesia. Portugal is deeply
ofended by our support of communist terror
ist campaigns against Portuguese possessions
in Africa. South Africans are ofended by our
consistent United Nations stand against their
nation.
Lf our 24 "staunch allies" in the "western
bloc" of the United Nations, how many would
support us on any critically dangerous issue?
I doubt that more than three would, and I
would be reluctant to guess which ones might
be among the three. On the other hand, the
communist bloc and the Afro-Asian bloc con
stitute a positive voting majority in the United
Nations. They can, and will, outvote us on any
issue of real importance -if we should take a
position harmful to communism.
UN Racism
he United Nations -a "peace" organi
zation -is propagating race wars and race
hatreds. Its activities are fostering the racist
concept of colored supremacy, infaming prim
itive colored peoples to savage hatred of white
men, encouraging and supporting them in
atrocities which are not merely indescribable,
but loathsome to contemplate.
Communists supply the leadership for hor
rible uprisings and mass carnage in Africa, and
the Soviets support the leaders as native
patriots. The United Nations praises and aids
the butchery under the pretense that it is a
wholesome expression of yearning for national
i ndependence. Uni t ed St a tes ofci al dom
fnances the UN -communist operation with
our money and gives it the moral support of
our nation.
ouching on this condition, United States
Senator John Tower ( Republican, Texas ) in
a speech to the Senate on February 6, 1 96 3 ,
said:
((Nowadays, the Afro-Asian bloc, which
controls the world organization, sufers from
color blindness. The UN, whose prestige is
falling steadily, sees only the things the Afro
Asian bloc wants it to see.
,,
(8)
r. Max Yergan ( prominent American
negro scholar) touched on the same condition
in an article published in The Reader's Digest,
November, 1 9 6 1 . Dr. Yergan said:
((In its anxiety to outbid every communist
show of ( anti-colonial' zeal -as applied to
colonies of other than the communist brand
-the United States has tied itself in a fan
tastic policy knot.
( ( Angola today is in danger of being
engulfed in a chaos worse than the Congo's
with communists even better situated to
exploit such a calamity for their own colonial
purposes. Yet, unwittingly, as if in a sleep
wal ki ng trance, the Uni ted States has
followed-the-Ieader behind the Soviet Union
in promoting the tragedy . . . .
( (That the United States . . . [follows] the
Soviet lead defes ordinary understanding. It
can be regarded only as a thoughtless reflex
action, conditioned by eagerness to prove that
America is as ( anticolonial' as the next nation.
The purpose, our spokesmen explain . . . [is]
to improve the image of America among
'etnerging nations' and -in their friendship.
((Washington cannot even pretend that it
has put principle above expediency; its actions
Page 109
have been too transparently bids for Afro
Asian popularity B B B
As an American and a Negro, my sympa
thies have always been with African aspira
tions for freedom. But I am increasingly
appalled by the kind of demagoguery, largely
manipulated by Moscow and Peiping, that
delivers African populations to chaos and
communi sm in the name of nati onal
sovereign ty.
The United States, in siding almost auto
matically with the extremists, has made itself
the captive of Red propaganda . . . .
America . . . . has avoided pressing for
liberation of captive countries from Soviet
imperialism, while trotting behind Moscow in
demands for instant liberation of Western
holdings in Africa . . . . This strange policy, far
from curbing communist infltration in
Africa, has merely speeded up the opera
tion . . . .
The United States . . . . has aligned itself
with communists, anti-white racists, witch
doctors, and the reversion to cannibalism. "
What To Do
r. Yergan was writing specifcally about
African Angola, where conditions are even
more horrible than in the Congo -worse,
even, than conditions in Kenya a few years
ago during the Mau Mau reign of terror.
In Angola, the United States ( through the
United Nations ) is supporting, with money
and influence, cannibalistic savagery almost
beyond the comprehension of civilized men.
Our honor as a nation has already been so
deeply stained by Kennedy-supported United
Nations policies in Angola that the blot will
remain forever.
Next week, I will give details on this situa
tion. Sufce it here to say that our only hope
for a return to decency with regard to policy
in Africa is by withdrawing the United States
from membership in the United Nations.
Lven if we had an administration in Wash
in
g
ton detennined to pursue a sane and honor
able policy, it would fail. The Afro-Asian and
communist blocs in the United Nations are
infexibly fxed on the present course ; and they
can outvote us 64 to 1 , even while we pay
the bills.
By getting out of the UN and refusing to
pay its bills, we would render a great service
to Africa : neither the communists nor the
Afro-Asian nations would, or could, pay for
the UN operations now dragging Africa
backward to cannibalism, under communist
control.
The Water Moccasi n Bites
Reprinted by permission from The Richmond News Leader
of March 7, 1 963 .
Venom spreads slowly. The Federal Govern
ment should not be surprised at the public's
uneasy reaction to the Army's war games at
Savannah . . . conducted under the code name
of Water Moccasin III. The Administration's
openly cynical manipulation of the Cuban
crisis was but a small prick; the truly frighten
ing efect . . . is a massive loss of confdence in
our national leaders. In the past week, thou
sands of Americans have been half-convinced
of a treacherous betrayal of the citizens of
Georgia.
In a strangely unreported story, many
Southern Congressmen have been swamped
with outraged inquiries about Exercise Water
Moccasin IlL . e . Were UN psychological
warfare specialists and anti-guerrilla troops
really whetting their weapons on American
guinea pigs ?
The facts, it has fnally developed; are these :
U. S. Army graduates of the Ft. Bragg Special
Warfare School are fnishing their training
with a grand maneuver in an eight-county
area near Ft. Stewart, Georgia. The ofcial
version is that the civilians in the area are
being asked to lease land rights to the Army
and to participate in the realism by hiding
guerrillas in their homes, organizing escape
routes, and transporting them past ambush.
Senators Russell, Stennis, and Thurmond, all
of the Armed Services Committee, have been
satisfed that the maneuvers are routine.
Page 1 10
But that having been said, it must also be
admitted that the alarming hypothesis of the
concerned citizens had much to recommend it.
As reports spread like the flu bug, there were
many distortions ; but even the barest picture
was j ustly alarming:
1 ) Georgia's geography. Next to Florida,
Georgia is the closest State to Cuba on the
Atlantic coast. Now, UN Secretary General
U Thant has proposed neutralist control posts
in the Caribbean and in the U. S. to guard
Cuba against American invasion. We have
already proved in the Congo that we will
sacrifce our own interests to maintain the
fction of UN peacemaking; was a secret deal
for a base in Georgia to be the solution of the
Cuban impasse? The stories of Afro-Asian
personnel in Cuban training schools, and the
announcement that "Soviet" troops were leav
ing Cuba were simultaneous with the projected
arrival of student guerrillas in Georgia. Who
was the U. S. training, anyway? Wild thoughts,
these; not wild to those who had seen troops
dig up lawns in Oxford, Mississippi.
2) T he mishandling of the announcement.
The Defense Department allotted only a fort
night or so to explain this complex maneuver
to the public. "Foreigners May Observe War
Maneuvers in March," said a matter-of-fact
announcement in the Savannah Evening Press
of February 1 3 . A couple of days later it was
"foreign Allied nations" participating as stu
dents. Were these the UN troops ? The frst
Army news release said 3 ,0 00 men; later it
was 1 , 000, then 6 0 0 ; similar maneuvers in
June are reported to involve 7, 000. Secretary
McN amara denied that African troops would
participate ; the latest ofcial dispatch lists 1 6
NATO, CENTO, and SEA TO nations,
including Liberia. It also lists the unreassuring
presence of ofcers from Indonesia.
When Army representatives moved into the
area, they did little to quiet the growing storm.
Farmers were accosted with vague permits
granting "the Government the right to enter
as often as desired" during the maneuver
period. The signer also agreed that "the Gov
ernment shall have the right to patrol and
police the lands. " Some residents have sworn
out afdavits that they were threatened into
signing; some who stood fast and did not sign
ha ve erected "No T respassing" signs in fve
languages.
3 ) The past history of rrw
ar games. " When
civilians, as well as their property, are "volun
tarily" comandeered as grist for the training
mill, not all goes according to the announced
plan. Out of the fles come newspaper accounts
of similar maneuvers in which troops decided
to play for keeps when local public ofcials did
not choose to go along with the "mock" war.
Culver City, California, 1 9 5 1 ; Des Moines,
Iowa, 1 9 5 6 ; Lampasas, Texas, 1 9 5 8 ; Danville,
Virginia, 1 9 5 9. Exercise Long Horn, Opera
tion Bilko and such dramatic code names can
ot mask the indignities sufered by sherifs

and mayors dragged of kicking, to a stockade
for uncooperative citizens" ( said United
Press ) , or the smirking Marine sergeant who
shut down radio, TV, waterworks, power
plant, and telephone company "without tell
ing the generals, feeling they wouldn't have
let us go ahead" ( said Associated Press ) . Some
times the city fathers submitted by design;
but the kicking was not always part of the
scenano.
Just why American civilians should be
taught how to surrender their cities is not
explained. The Savannah operation will use
the local radio stations to encourage civilians
to take sides in the maneuvers, so as "to make
Water Moccasin III a realistic copy of present
day Communist wars of liberation. " Thus the
point of the training seems twofold: to defeat
the enemy and to capture the population
psychologically. No wonder eyebrows are
raised: Here is the Special Warfare School's
Counterinsurgency Department at work
training foreign nationals -and they are
trying out their new techniques on Americans.
If the Americans don' t respond properly, per
haps more efective techniques can be devised.
Well, yesterday and today the students have
been paratrooping into the Georgia swamps
and infltrating the coast ; the "betrayal"
feared by the j ittery natives is no more than
Page 1 1 1
another blunder by military strategists who
think of civilians as a tolerable nuisance. The
truly frightening thing is that various decep
tions of the Kennedy Administration have
made such a disturbing betrayal hypothesis
perfectly reasonable. Cuba, the Congo, the
roughshod Polaris poli cy, the Common
Market, the suicidal test ban treaty, have all
been decided with international interests para
mount. The Administration has forfeited the
people's trust and that poison seeps down
through the body politic.
Corrections
On Page 8 5 of the March 1 8, 1 963 , issue of
this Report, I said: ( (Kennedy's tax proposal
would limit . . . itemized deductions to 5 <o of
adjusted gross income."
That was an error: the typesetter omitted
a phrase. The sentence should have said,
(( . . . limit . . . itemized deductions to every
thing above 500 of adjusted gross income."
In the March 4, 1 9 6 3 , issue of this Report,
I said:
( ( Foreign producers, using production
facilities and skills which our government had
given them, began underselling Americans
not only in world markets, but in the Ameri
can market."
That statement is, in every way, correct;
and i t is the central theme of the article in
which it appeared. Following that statement,
however, I mentioned coal as a commodity
which foreign producers can sell in the United
States at prices below those of American pro
ducers. I was wrong about coal. Because of
efciency of operations and mechanization,
American bituminous coal producers
despite high wages, heavy federal taxes, and
American subsidies to foreign coal-producing
nations -can still undersell most foreign
producers in the United States and in most
foreign markets as well.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "United Nations," this Report, April 1, 1963
( 2 ) "The Episode of the Russian Seamen," Report of the U. S.
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee of the Judiciary
Committee, May 24, 1956
( 3 ) "UN. Attacks Russia Again Over Hungary, But Censure
Vote Is Reduced," by William Fulton, Chicago Daily Tri
bune, December 1 3, 1958, pp. 1, 2
( 4 ) "Leaders Say U.S. Is Losing Prestige," by Homar Bigart, The
New York Times, December 5, 1958, pp. 1, 6
( 5 ) "Text of Declaration of Belgrade," The New York Times,
September 7, 1961, p. 8
( 6) "When 'Neutrals' Get Together," U.s. News & World
Report, September 1 1, 1961, pp. 74 f.
( 7 ) Congressional Record, July 26, 1961 , pp. 12488 f.
( 8 ) Remarks of U.S. Senator John G. Tower ( Republican
Texas ) , Congressional Record, February 6, 1963, p. 1814
'
If you believe that Dan S.oot is providing efective tools for those who want to think and talk and write on
Smoot Report.
Page 1 1 2
M
1t1 Smoot leport
Vol. 9, No. 1 5 ( Broadcast 400) April 1 5 , 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
UNITED NATIONS I N AFRI CA
Lommunist activity in Africa is largely propagandistic, since Africans have little ex
perience with organizational work or with political parties. Some trained communists
operate in target territories ; and some communist front organizations are used; but there
are few communist parties as such. Those that exist reach only a limited number of intel
lectuals.
The frst objective of communism in Africa is to inflame Africans with hatred of
Europeans until all Europeans are exterminated or driven out. Out of the ensuing chaos
and bloody disorder, communists will attempt to gain control with puppet dictators who
are African natives.
Race Hatreds and Strange Motives
he communist campaign of race hatred in Africa ( which really began in the late
1 9 5 0's ) has been supported by the United States and by the United Nations. It is easy to
understand UN support for this communist program, because, since the late 1 9 5 0's, the
UN has been controlled by the Afro-Asian and communist blocs.
American motives, however, are hard to defne. There is a plausible theory that hidden
communists are still in the State Department ( possibly, men who came in years ago with
Alger Hiss, or were brought in by him) .
A more generally accepted theory is the one discussed in this Report last week: namely,
that our liberal leaders have developed a psychopathic sensitivity about the questions of
"race" and "colonialism. " In an efort to show that the United States is not "anti-colored, "
and that it is opposed to "colonialism," our liberal political leaders have followed a sense
less policy of supporting any colored agitator who announces himself a leader for national
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 1 2303 ( Ofce Address
Page 1 1 3
independence in Africa. Despite the horrible
consequences for the mass of Africans them
selves , we support African extremists and
murderers, at the expense of European colonial
powers which are supposed to be our maj or
allies.
%uch of the European colonialism
which our State Department joins the com
munists in condemning intemperately -has
done a great deal of good for Africa. European
colonialism eliminated the age-old practice of
slavery in Africa ; and slavery is returning, as
Europeans withdraw. (
1
) European colonialism
opened Africa to Christian missionary work.
European colonialism brought the frst and
only light of civilization to most of Dark
Africa; and it was preparing African popula
tions -with all the speed humanly possible -
for genuine independence as orderly nations
of civilized people.
On the other hand, Soviet colonialism in
Asia ( even more extensive than European
colonialism in Africa) has been characterized
by mass murder -planned elimination of
whole races, ethnic groups, and economic
cl as s es . I n s ome of the Sovi et - c onquered
nations of Asia, the mass murder of native
populations was supplemented by mass banish
ment -nat i ve popul ati ons moved out t o
Siberia or scattered elsewhere throughout the
Soviet empire, being replaced by Russian
nationals, forced to move into the conquered
lands.
(
1)
It is, to say the least, strange that our liberal
policy makers, who violently condemn the
relatively benign European colonialism, never
say a word about barbaric Soviet colonialism. ( 1 )
hatever the motives, it seems apparent
that American State Department policy with
regard to Africa has been profoundly infu
enced, if not formulated, by the invisible
government.
The invisible government is a group of
powerful , reputablee and. for the most part,
wealthy individuals who work through a
bewildering network of tax-exempt organiza-
tions -the controlling center of which is the
Council on Foreign Relations.
(
2
)
The Council on Foreign Relations afliate"
which seems most deeply involved in the Afri
can tragedy is the American Committee on
Africa ( 8 0 1 Second Avenue, New York 1 7,
New York) . Like most other organizations in
the great cabal which I call the invisible gov
ernment, the American Committee on Africa
has no direct, or formal, connection with the
Council on Foreign Relations. Its "afliation"
with the CFR can be shown by interlocking
directorship: key ofcials of the ACOA are
also members or ofcials in the Council on
Foreign Relations or in other organizations
interlocked with the Council.
John Gunther ( Honorary Chairman of the
ACOA) is a member of the CFR. The Rev
erend Donald Harrington ( Chairman of the
Executive Board of ACOA) is a member of
the United World Federalists. Bishop James A.
Pike is Vice Chairman of ACOA. The follow
ing members of the CFR were listed ( on a
1 96 1 letterhead of the ACOA) as members
of the ACOA National Committee : Dr.
Henry Seidel Canby ( now deceased) , Gardner
Cowles, Lewis S. Gannett, Senator Hubert H.
Humphrey, Dr. Robert L. Johnson, Dr. Rein
hold Niebuhr, Dr. Frederick D. Patterson, Dr.
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. , Edwin F. Stanton,
Dr. William E. Stevenson.
und-raising letters ( in my fle ) of the
American Committee on Africa present the
exact Soviet line with regard to butchery and
carnage in Africa : excusing Africans who
committed the atrocities, putting blame on
whites. One communist leader in Africa ( who
ordered the butchery of innocent people and
later boasted about it ) openly claims support
from the American Committee on Africa. (3 )
Pl anni ng The Ki l l
t is interesting to note that the American
Committee on Africa was organized just
be/ore the Soviets formally initiated their
campaign of race-hatred in Africa. In 1 9 5 4,
the Soviets sent Daniel Semenovich Solod ( a
Page 1 14
Deput y Head of the Sovi e t Mi ni s t ry for
Foreign Afairs ) as Ambassador to Egypt, with
the j ob of establishing the Soviet Embassy in
Cairo as the center for communist agitation
in the Middle East and North Africa. (
1
) Ameri
can Committee on Africa, Inc. was set up in
New York j ust a few months before Solod
arrived in Cairo.
. In 1 9 5 4, Hol den Robert o ( communi s t
leader of African terrorists who boasts of
support from the American Committee on
Africa) was sent to Leopoldville, in the then
Belgian Congo, to organize a communist front
known as Union of the Peoples of Angola
( UP A) . Roberto's mission was to help create
unrest in the African territories of Portugal.
Born in Portuguese Angola, Roberto was
educated at a mission school in the Belgian
Congo. He j oined the Belgian communist
party in the Congo. Later, he left Africa, and
worked closely with communists in Europe,
particularly in France and England.(4)
In December, 1 9 5 8 , at Accra, in Ghana,
communists held a conference on Africa.
Soviet Russian and communist Chinese dele
gations were in control ; but groups from
India, the United States, and other non
African countries also attended. The violence
( which later drenched vast portions of Africa
in blood) was planned at this Accra Con
ference.
(5)
In 1 9 5 9 , Clemente da Cruz and Pinto de
Andrade ( two Angola Africans who, like
Roberto, had received extensive training in
European communist circles and in the Soviet
Union) were sent back to Africa to help
organize the communist campaigns against
Portuguese territories. Da Cruz and de And
rade made their headquarters in Conakry,
Guinea.
Early in 1 960, Daniel Semenovich Solod
( who had established the Soviet embassy in
Cairo as a center for African agitation) was
sent to Conakry to concentrate communist
activity on West and Central Africa. Working
through Roberto in Leopoldville and da Cruz
and de Andrade in Conakry, Salad efected the
organization of several cells of militant com-
munists among African Angolans living II
Guinea, the Congo, and elsewhere.
n September, 1 960, Chinese communist
radio stations, and communist stations in
Czechoslovakia and Rumania, began beaming
inflammatory radio broadcasts to Portuguese
territories in Africa.
In October, 1 960, a band of terrorist guer
rillas went into training, under communist
instructors and propagandists, at Thysville in
the Congo -about halfway between Leo
poldville and the Angola border. The terrorists
were called an "Army of Liberation. " Their
mission was to rape, murder, and pillage in
Portuguese Angola until all white people and
their African friends were exterminated.
Holden Roberto was commander of this
< tAr
, ,
(6) my.
Ameeting of communist leaders from all
over the world was held in Moscow in N ovem
ber, 1 960, ending December 1 . The commu
nists decided, among other things, that the
next stage of their ofensive in Africa was to
be the liberation" of Angola and Guinea from
Portuguese rule.
On December 3 , 1 960, Holden Roberto's
UP A issued, from Leopoldville, a message for
Portuguese Angola, which read in part :
((Long live U.P.A. Long live Nikita Khrush
chev. Long live Angola B B B Prepare your
arms. We are about to open fre. We have
no fear. Russia will provide weapons and
Lumumba will help us. Let us kill the whites.
Lumumba has given the authority.
,,
(6)
UN Supports The Communists
n December, 1 960, the United Nations
adopted a resolution urging "immediate steps"
to grant full independence to all African
colonial areas, "without any conditions or res
ervations. " This UN demand for instant with
drawal of European colonial powers from
African territories ( where, in most cases, the
remaining Africans would be totally unable
to maintain law and order ) was, simply, a
delland for illplellentation of the COlllunist
scheme for chaos and carnage. The United
Page 1 1 5
States abstained from voting on this UN reso
lution. (5 )
On February 4, 1 9 6 1 , several hundred per
sons, calling themselves Angola nationalists,
attacked a Portuguese police station in Luanda,
capital city of Angola. Losses were heavy on
both sides. During funeral services for some
of the victims, violence flared again.
Communist propaganda throughout the
world denounced the incident as Portuguese
brutality against innocent natives who merely
wanted independence. The propaganda was
echoed in United Nations councils in New
York.
On February 1 5 , 1 96 1 , the UN representa
tive from Liberia ( supported by the USSR,
Egypt, and Ceylon) referred to the violence
in Angola and demanded that the UN do
something. On February 2 0, 1 9 6 1 , Liberia
formally moved that the UN Security Council
take action in Angola. The Portuguese repre
sentative pointed out that Angola has been
Portuguese territory for more than 400 years
and is now a part of metropolitan Portugal and
that, therefore, the UN, under its own charter,
has no authority to intervene in such an
internal afair of a member nation. (7)
As a result of the Liberian motion, a UN
subcommittee was set up to "study" condi
tions in Angola.
The Ki l l
Ln March 1 0 , 1 9 6 1 , Holden Roberto's
UP A ordered a general strike in Northern
Angola, to begin on March 1 5 . Roberto also
moved his army of terrorists to the Congolese
border, and scattered it along a 400-mile front,
in position to invade Angola on March 1 5 .
The general strike and invasion were timed
to coincide with action by the United Nations
Security Council in New Y or k, which had
scheduled, for March 1 5 , a vote on a resolu
tion criticizing Portugal for her policy in
Angola.
All went according to the communist plan.
The general strike hit Portuguese Angola on
March 1 5 . That night, the UN Security Coun
cil in New York voted on the resolution. The
United States j oined the USSR in supporting
the resolution -which failed, however, to
carry. Almost simultaneously with this UN
action, Roberto sent his terrorists across the
frontier into Angola, where they raped and
pillaged, murdering Africans and Portuguese,
men, women, and children, indiscriminately. (
6
)
Lommenting on the reign of terror which
began March 1 5 , 1 9 6 1 , American Brigadier
General Frank L. Howley ( after a visit to the
area) said:
(8)
C CIt all adds up to a picture of primitive,
hideous terror . . . a picture replete with
gruesome episodes of fetishist body-chopping,
ritual cannibalism, and tribal hatred by men
often under the excitement of drugs or
incited by witch doctors.
c CThe savagery then unleashed is still rag
ing today. Though its primary targets are
whites and mulattoes, the vast majority of
the murdered and maimed have been black
Africans.
cAbroad, the violence has been portrayed
as a Cnationalist revolt' -the aim, cinde
pendence from Portugal.' On the very day
the terrorists, directed by absentee organizers,
began to swarm across the Congo frontier
and out of the bush, Ambassador Adlai
Stevenson, at the United Nations, was quoting
Thomas Jeferson on clife, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness' in behalf of the crebels.'
HBut, having visited the areas of worst vio
lence, having talked with eyewitnesses of all
colors, I want to attest that the bloodletting
billed by propaganda as a nationalist uprising
is nothing of the sort. Instead, it is an explo
sion of tribalism and fetishism among people
who have no inkling of what independence,
nationhood, and the other concepts advanced
in their name, mean."
Leneral Howley told of seeing a nine-year
old colored girl in a hospital at Luanda, weeks
after the incident, still in wordless shock: the
child had been forced to j oin in eating the
fesh of her murdered mother on the day that
Roberto's terrorists struck her village.
He told of a 2 8 -year-old white man who
heard his wife scream in the kitchen. Rushing
to her aid, the husband found her already dead
with black savages chopping of her arms and
legs and head.
Page 1 16
The general told about an incident in the
l i t t l e vi l l age of Damba , where vi l l agers
( mostly black, but a few whites and mixed
bloods ) fled to a Catholic church for protec
tion when Roberto's savages arrived. Carrying
a crucifx, the priest went outside, speaking
kindly to the attackers, trying to calm them.
The savages cut him down and chopped his
body into small pieces "so that even God
couldn' t put him together again" -and then
broke into the church to slaughter every man,
woman, and child.
As grim souvenirs of his investigation in
Angola, General Howley brought home some
of the clubs used in such raids on defenseless
villages. Scratched on the clubs in crude let
ters are the words "Kill, Kill " and "UP A," for
Holden Roberto's communist front outft in
Leopoldville.
Lyewitnesses in Angola told General How
ley how the raids ( still going on) are generally
organized.
In a typical operation, a few heavily armed
bandits, accompanied by witch doctors, burst
into a village far back in the bush, and line
up all villagers at gun point. They demand that
the village men accompany them on raids of
white towns and plantations, promising them
women to rape and rich loot. If such promises
do not bring enough recruits, the witch doctors
go to work, casting spells, administering nar
cotics, promising eternal life for the spirits
of all who go on the raids. If this fails, the
bandits shoot a few men, women, and children
to intimidate the rest into submission and par
ticipation.
hese are the "liberation activities" in
Portuguese Angola which were planned by
communist intellectuals from all over the
world at Accra, Ghana, in 1 9 5 8 ; which have
been defended by the American Committee
on Africa ; which have been upheld by the
U ni ted Nations as a, na tionalist uprising; and
which Adlai Stevenson has spoken of, sym
pathetical l y, as the actions of i dealistic
"rebels, " seeking independence for their
country so that they can enjoy life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness.
On The Morni ng of March l S
About 2 0 0 Europeans and 3 00 innocent
Africans were sl aughtered in Portuguese
Angola on March 1 5 , 1 9 6 1 . Here are incidents
related in a booklet issued by the Portuguese
American Committee on Foreign Afairs, 2 0
Pemberton Square, Boston, Massachusetts :
On the morning of March 1 5 the Pri
mavera plantation near Sao Salvador was
attacked and all the European personnel were
slaughtered. The only survivor was Snra.
Reis, the wife of the owner who, after being
repeatedly raped, was left for dead. Four
white women and fve children from the
nearby village of Mabinda managed to escape
to the woods where they huddled together
in a group whilst two of their menfolk went
to Sao Salvador for help. When they returned
they found that the tiny group had been dis
covered by the terrorists, the women had been
violated and hideously mutilated and the
children had been hacked to pieces and their
remains hung from the branches of trees.
Some of the bodies were found with their
stomachs cut open and their abdominal cavi
ties stufed with grass and bits of wood, which
had been set alight.
On the morning of March 1 5 the small
village of Buela . . . was attacked and the
local administrator and his wife were tied to
boards, then sliced methodically into pieces.
All the other members of the village, except
the wife of the guard, were also slaughtered,
including a businessman Snr. Fernandes, who
had frst to watch his wife, a negress, being
raped and then obscenely mutilated despite
her advanced state of pregnancy. Her stom
ach had been cut open and the unborn child
pulled out and beheaded.
On the morning of March 1 5 a group of
some 400 terrorists attacked the experimental
farm at M'Bridge . . . . [An] African boy, Joao,
ran to . . . get some ammunition, but he was
caught . . . and beheaded and castrated . . . .
The white, mulatto and negro women
were dragged out of their houses together
with their children. In front of the mothers,
the terrorists then proceeded to cut of the legs
and arms of the children and then started to
Page 1 17
play a grotesque game of football with the
twitching bodies. The women and girls were
then led away, stripped, raped and cut up.
Many of them were killed by stufng large
branches of trees into their vaginas
On the morning of March 1 5 the town of
Quitexe was attacked and 2 5 Europeans and
many Africans were savagely killed. The men
were castrated. . . . Most of the children
appear to have died from hemorrhages due to
the fact that their eyes had been gouged out.
On the morning of March 1 5 in the village
of Luvo near the Congolese frontier . . . . the
owner of the local saw mill, together with his
wife, two small sons, and several others, met
their death in a particularly horrible way.
They were tied to planks of wood and then
fed into the saw. We sawed them lengthwise,'
one of the terrorists admitted to a journalist
from Le Monde afterwards . . . .
HOn the morning of March 1 5 nearly all
the farms in the N ambuagango area were
attacked. Mario Albuquerque, the owner of
one of them, relates the following story. It
was before sunrise and I was still in bed
whilst my wife was in the kitchen preparing
breakfast. I suddenly heard her scream and
fall and then a band of armed terrorists
entered the bedroom, overpowered me and
tied me to the bed. They then caught hold of
my 3 year old son, cut of his legs and arms in
front of me, and placed them over my face as
I lay helpless. They then set fre to the house. I
was rescued by my 1 2 year old godchild, a
little African boy, who helped me to hide in
the woods nearby. He himself was caught by
the terrorists, and I can still hear him scream
ing to me to run away, as he was cut down. ' "
ortuguese authorities reacted with maxi
mum force to suppress the bestiality brought
into Angola by alien invaders.
Communist and African delegates in the
United Nations accused Portugal of brutality
and mass murder. On April 1 0, 1 9 6 1 , the UN
General As s embl y adopted the res ol ut i on
( which had failed of passage i n the Security
Council on March 1 5 ) demanding that Port
ugal grant immediate independence to her
African territories. Again, the United States
voted with the USSR in support of this resolu
tion.
(
7)
L June 9, 1 9 6 1 , the UN Security Council
adopted a resolution, introduced by Afro
Asian bloc nations, demanding that Portugal
desist forthwith from repressive measures" in
Angola. The United States voted with the
USSR in support of this resolution. (7)
Dr. Max Yergan, American negro scholar,
made an extensive trip through Angola to
investigate the situation. Commenting on the
June 9 UN resolution, Dr. Yergan said: ( S )
HThe extraordinary fact about the June
9 resolution was its conspicuous failure to
summon the other party to the violence
the supposed Angolan nationalists -likewise
to des i s t. The overs i ght was es peci al l y
remarkable, because they, not the Portuguese,
had initiated the confict.
HFurthermore, a UN subcommittee, set up
to investigate conditions in Angola, had not
yet reported. The censure of Portugal, there
fore, amounted to a verdict of guilty, without
trial-. . . a form of lynch law.
What might have been a calming UN
move for peace was thus transformed into a
one-sided condemnation of Portugal and, by
inference, approval of the savage anti-Portu
guese violence. In efect, the victim was being
reproved for defending itself and asked to
cease interfering with the terror directed
against its citizens and their property."
UN Guns and Canni bal Spears
hen issuing his frst general instructions
for the invasion of Angola, to "kill the whites,"
Holden Roberto promised that Russia would
provide weapons for the terrorists. (6)
The Russians did not keep their promise.
The terrorist army that Roberto sent into
Angola was equipped with spears, home-made
knives, clubs, and old flintlocks. Some of the
groups had modern guns and feld radios
which they had obtained, not from Russia, but
from United Nations troops in the Congo and
from Congolese Army troops. Since the UN
operation in the Congo, and the Congolese
Army, were ( and are) fnanced largely by the
United States, American taxpayers should
think about what our membership in the
United Nations means : it means that we
Page 1 18
fnanced the communist directed bestia
1
ity in
Portuguese Angola.
boberto complained to his communist
masters about their failure to furnish guns ;
and he got results. By early May, Soviet and
Polish ships were bringing guns and other sup
plies to the port of T akoradi in Ghana, whence
they were transported overland through
Ghana, Dahomey, Cameroun, and into the
Congo, Roberto's base of operation.
Since the latter part of May, 1 9 6 1 ,
Roberto's savages in Angola have been well
equipped with modern automatic weapons and
two-way radios, mostly of Czechoslovakian
make.
UN Friendshi p For The Butchers
Uy the end of summer, 1 9 6 1 , the com
munist operation in Angola had settled down
to a protracted war of terror and attrition;
and the leaders could be detached for occa
sional duties elsewhere.
For example, the communist hierarchy sent
Holden Roberto to the conference of "neu
tralist" nations which convened at Belgrade,
Yugoslavia, on September 1 , 1 96 1 . The pur
pose of the conference was to give public sup-
h 1 f h S
.
U ' (9)
port to t e po ICles 0 t e OVlet mono
Roberto was fown to the Belgrade con
ference in a United Nations plane, made avail
able by UN ofcials in the Congo. (6)
From Belgrade, Roberto went to London
for visits with old friends. Since then, both he
and Pinto de Andrade have visited the United
St a tes . (6) Our St a te Depa rt ment , whi ch
approved the visits of these two communist
mass-murderers, would not permit a visit by
Moise Tshombe, Christian, anti-communist
President of Katanga.
The Horror To Come
ortuguese Angola is on the West ( Atlan
tic ) coast of Africa, j ust south of the Congo.
Portuguese Mozambique is on the East ( Indian
Ocean) Coast of Africa -directly east of
Angola. Between these two Portuguese terri
tories, are North and South Rhodesia
British dependencies which are already in tur
moil because of prolonged agitation of the
colonial" and race" questions. Southern
Rhodesia contains a substantial number of
white Europeans ; and it adjoins, on the south,
the Republic of South Africa, the only white"
nation on the continent.
The communist program is obvious. Agita
tion and terrorism in Portuguese territories
will continue until the United Nations can be
induced to move in, with American money,
and drive the Portuguese out. If the UN takes
over the communists' war for them, the com
munists will instantly start denouncing the
war, as they have been doing in the Congo.
The purpose of this curious communist tech
nique is two-fold: ( 1 ) to help the United
States government justify, to the American
people, support of the UN operation as being
anti-communist" ; and ( 2 ) to infame the
local population against the UN -supported
pro-communist regime so that, when the UN
mission is accomplished and the UN -supported
regime takes over, the Soviets can then throw
it out and replace it with new puppets.
This is classic Soviet operational technique.
The Soviets generally liquidate native traitors
who help them conquer a nation. They sup
port native communists, pro-communists and
"liberals" in taking over a country. Once the
take-over is complete, the native stooges are
eliminated -the Soviets' machiavellian rea
soning being that, if the Soviets were able to
subvert the former loyalty of the native
stooges, someone else may later subvert their
loyalty to the Soviets.
ith the Portuguese eliminated, and
Angola and Mozambique frmly in communist
hands, the Rhodesias will fall almost auto
matically. The Republic of South Africa, the
last remaining outpost of civilization and the
richest looting prize of all, will be the fnal
goal in Africa.
Three million whites in the Republic of
South Africa will be cut of and surrounded
Page 1 19
by communist-dominated territories, where
millions of blacks will be under constant
incitement to bestial lust and savage hate.
What To Do
ortuguese territories are the key to con
trol of all of central and south Africa not
already in the hands of bandits and commu
nists. The United States has no business sup
porting a war in Africa for Portugal, or any
other colonial power. Neither do we have any
business fnancing the present communist
United Nations operations against Portugal, as
we are doing.
We should , however, give moral and
diplomatic support to the Portuguese in their
eforts to defend their people and their terri
tories.
e cannot change UN policies. As long
as we stay in the UN, we will be supporting
bestiality in Africa. UN operations would col
lapse without our support ; and communists
could hot fnance their African operations as
well as they are now being fnanced with our
tax-money through the UN.
It follows that we could best help ourselves,
and Africa, by getting out of the UN and
refusing to pay its bills.
Legislation introduced by Representatives
James B. Utt and Bruce Alger, calling for
American withdrawal from the UN, now
pending in the House, deserves vigorous sup
port.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Africa's Red Harvest, by Pieter Lessing, The John Day Co., New
York, 1 962
( 2) The Invisible Govemment, by Dan Smot, The Dan Smoot Report,
Inc., Dallas, Texas, June. 1 962
( 3 ) Africa's Red Harvest, pp. 17, 23
( 4) Africa's Red Harvest, pp. 1 5 - 1 6
( 5 ) "The Strange American Policy," by Dr. Max Yergan, The Reader's
DIgest, November, 1 96 1 , pp. I J 5 t.
( 6) Africa's Red Harvest, pp. 1 1 -24
( 7) U. S. Participation in the UN: Report of the President to the Con
gress for the Year 1 961 , State Department Publication 741 3, August
2, 1 962, pp. 47 i.
( 8 ) "Behind the Terror in African Angola: Reversion to Savagery," by
Bng. Gen. Frank L. Howley, The Reader's Digest, November, 1 961 ,
pp. 1 3 0 i.
( 9) "Text of the Declaration of Belgrade," The New York Times,
September 7. 1 961 , p. 8 ; "When 'Neutrals' get Together," U. S. News
f World Report, September I I , 1 961 , pp. 74 i.
Dan Smoot was born in Missouri. Reared in Texas, he attended SM in Dallas, taking BA and MA degrees
side that uss fundamental American principles as a yardstick for measuring all important issues.
Smoot Report.
Page 120
M
1Il1moot Report
Vol. 9, No. 1 6 ( Broadcast 401 ) April 22, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
WHEAT R E FE R E NDUM, V d
he Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1 9 3 8 ( as amended) provides for referendum voting
among farmers. The Department of Agriculture proposes a crop control program, and
farmers with an established record of producing that crop vote to accept or reject. If two
thirds of those voting "approve, " the program goes into efect; and all farmers are bound
by it, under heavy penalties for violations of the administrative regulations.
This referendum principle violates a basic premise of American constitutional government
-namely, that the rule of the majority is limited by inalienable rights of individuals. The
farmers who vote no in a referendum are not left alone to till their own land in their own
way. The full force of the federal government ( backed by the guns of federal police agents )
compels them to surrender their constitutional rights in compliance with the "will" of the
voting majority. Thus, a "democracy" works. America was founded as a Republic. In a
Republic, law and the Constitution prevail, not the current whim of a majority.
The referendum provisior -on its face -is discriminatory, class legislation, alien to
American principles of law.
A Department of Agriculture referendum gives one class of Americans ( farmers ) the
privilege of voting, for themselves, subsidies that are to be paid by all taxpayers. Truckdrivers,
businessmen, doctors, lawyers, elevator operators -the majority of American taxpayers who
live in cities -do not have a vote in a referendum which determines whether their tax money
shall be taken to pay subsidies for certain groups of farmers.
A Department of Agriculture referendum is by no means a free election, even among
farmers The Department, with thousands of employees, and with billions of tax dollars to
dispense, uses its vast resources and limitless power to campaign for the kind of vote ofcialdom
6441 Gaston Avenue) . Subscription rates: $10. 00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
copy for 25; 6 for $1.00; 50 for $5. 50; 1 00 for $10.00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 121
wants, threatening farmers with disaster if
they vote wrong; promising rich rewards if
they vote right. The Department has absolute
power to set the dates of a referendum, deter
mine all rules, decide who is eligible to vote,
ofciate at the elections, and count the votes.
Any complaint about the conduct of the ref
erendum is handled by the ofcials who con
ducted it.
A Department of Agriculture referendum
is a Soviet-style election" in another impor
tant sense : the farmers who vote can merely
register a yes or a no. The yes generally means
higher federal subsidies and tighter controls.
The no means lower subsidies and looser con
trols. No Department of Agriculture referen
dum has ever given a farmer a chance to make
a choice between free agriculture and social
ized agriculture.
Compul sory Wheat Control s
rior to 1 9 5 4, Department of Agriculture
regulations did, however, leave American
wheat farmers an important freedom of
choice : a wheat farmer who did not vote in
a wheat referendum, or otherwise participate
in the government's wheat program, could
raise and dispose of wheat as he pleased. The
only penalty for not participating in the gov
ernment's wheat program was that, if he did
not accept government controls, he did not get
government handouts.
By rejecting controls and handouts for
themselves, farmers could remain free to man
age their wheat farms in their own way, even
though they were taxed to pay for federal
handouts to their competitors who wanted
controls and handouts.
This relatively free system was abandoned
in 1 9 5 4. Why? Because a majority of Ameri
can wheat farmers were refusing to partici
pate in the government's wheat program" !
5ince 1 9 5 4, government has used its police
power to make farmers abide by wheat acre
age controls whether they choose to accept
the handouts or not. Enforcement of the wheat
regulations has eliminated a wheat farmer's
Fourth Amendment protection against illegal
searches and seizures ; abolished his right to
trial by j ury; and abrogated his Fifth Amend
ment privilege against being forced to testify
against himself.
If you are a farmer, federal agents can tres
pass upon your property, without search war
rants or other legal authorization, to see
whether you are growing wheat. If they fnd
that you are growing wheat, they can tramp
around your place and measure your felds to
see whether you are growing too much.
If the agents think you are growing too
much wheat, they can order you to fll out a
questionnaire admitting your guilt. " If you
refuse, they can get a court order and force
you to comply -or to be jailed, without trial,
for contempt. The federal agents, who arbi
trarily determine that you are growing too
much wheat, can arbitrarily assess penalties.
If you do not pay the penalties, the agents can
seize your bank account, your personal prop
erty, and your farm. If you resist, you can be
jailed, without trial. ( 1 )
e are supposed to have constitutional
governmen t -which means that constitu
tional guarantees against tyranny cannot be
set aside in compliance with majority opinion,
referendums, or elections. A constitutional
guarantee is supposed to be absolute -regard
less of what the courts, the Congress, the Pres
ident, or the people themselves may want. If
the people do not like some provision of the
Constitution ( or want government to do
something which the Constitution does not
authorize) the people cannot eliminate the
provision, or revise the Constitution, by ref
erendums or popular elections. The people
must amend the Constitution by due constitu
tional process.
In 1 9 5 4, however, the constitutional rights
of American wheat farmers were set aside on
the authorization of a wheat referendum in
which two-thirds of the farmers voting indi
cated approval of compulsory wheat acreage
allotments.
Who voted in that referendum? Relatively
few individuals, and many of them were not
Page 122
farmers in the sense that they were men who
live, and work, on farms.
The Department of Agriculture's arbitrary
rules about eligibility excluded from the vote
all wheat farmers ( a majority of the total )
who had been refusing to participate.
Small, independent family-size wheat pro
ducers were not allowed to vote. A minority
of large wheat growers -many of which
are big-city syndicates, tax-exempt co-opera
tives, or absentee-owned company farms
had a preponderance of voting strength in the
referendum which authorized" compulsory
controls on all wheat farmers, beginning II
1 9 5 4.
Hel pi ng the "Li ttl e" Man
he compulsory wheat control program
was instituted, according to ofcial propa
ganda, to help our farmers -particularly the
little man. " Indeed, the political argument
which has induced Congress to authorize,"
and the public to pay for, all federal agricul
tural programs ( since they were frst initiated
by communists in the Henry Wallace Depart
ment of Agriculture during the frst Admin
istration of Franklin D. Roosevelt) (2) was the
necessity of saving the small family-size farms
of America.
But the federal farm programs are destroy
ing the small, independent American farmer.
In 1 9 3 8 , when the population of the United
States was 1 29 million, there were 7 million
farms furnishing employment for 1 3 million
Americans. In 1 96 3 , when the population is
1 8 5 mi l l i on, there are 3 1 mi l l i on farms,
furni s hi ng empl oyment for 7 mi l l i on
Americans. (3)
ederal subsidies enrich the operators of
big farming syndicates ; wealthy promoters ;
land speculators ; and others who reside and
work in cities but buy farms for entertain
ment, subsidies, and tax advantages ; and dis
honest operators like Billie Sol Estes.
Under the guise of advancing price-support
loans, the Commodity Credit Corporation sub
sidizes big operators in the production of sur-
pluses" which the CCC holds in storage. Thus,
the federal government destroys the free mar
ket for agricultural commodities. This, plus
the tyranni cal cont rol s i mpos ed by the
Department of Agriculture, makes it impos
sible for small farmers to operate their farms
proftably as free men. The maximum which
small farmers can get in federal handouts is
not enough to sustain them. So, the small
farmers are moving to the cities, turning their
farms over to the big syndicates and promoters,
who are prospering, not on the land, but on
tax money.
Farmers Who Love Freedom
Are Treated as Cri mi nal s
%ost of the small farmers who have thus
been dri ven of their own land have gone
quietly, in the silent desperation of men who
feel it is foolhardy to fght the government. "
But a signifcant number have the stif-necked
courage of pioneers who conquered the great
West. They have not placidly surrendered
their heritage of freedom. They have fought
the "wheat police, " and have sufered -as
the cases of John Donaldson, Loren R. Gajew
ski, and Evetts Haley, Jr. ( mentioned below)
illustrate.
In contemporary Ameri ca, any farmer
who tries to live and work as a proud, free
citizen of the Republic is treated, by his own
government
,
as a criminal. This is particularly
true of wheat farmers since compulsory acre
age controls went into efect in 1 9 5 4.
In 1 9 5 5 alone ( the frst year after compul
sory wheat acreage allotments began) , the
federal government fned 1 4, 000 American
farmers more than 8 and a half million dollars
for growing too much wheat on their own
farms. Most of them were small farmers, grow
ing wheat to feed their own livestock -ask
ing no subsidies or any other favors from gov
ernment.
Jhe John Donaldson case is fairly typical.
Donaldson's 3 8 9-acre farm ( near New Lon
don, Ohio) has been in his family since the
American Revolution. He has farmed the place
Page 123
since 1 9 3 7 ( except for 4 Y years during
World War II when he served with the 3 7th
Division in the Pacifc) .
In 1 9 5 7, the local Agricultural Stabiliza
tion Commi ttee charged Donaldson with
planting 2 3 acres of wheat 8 acres more
than he was permitted. Donaldson hired a cer
tifed surveyor to survey his wheat crop. The
surveyor's report showed 1 4 acres in wheat.
Donaldson took the case to court.
The federal court refused to permit the
surveyor's report in evidence, and refused to
permit a j ury trial. In early April, 1 9 5 9, the
Federal Judge threw the case out of court,
thus leaving Donaldson no recourse against
the fne whi ch had been l evi ed upon him
administratively.
, ,(4)
Lne of the most outrageous of all the
"wheat penalty" c as es in vol ves Loren R.
Gajewski, Alexander, North Dakota. The case
began in 1 9 5 4.
On ApiiI 7, 1 96 0, the Department of Agri
culture assessed a fne of 5 thousand dollars
against Gajewski and his brother for over
planting wheat each year since 1 9 5 4.
Gaj ewski resisted unti l his case became
rather celebrated in his area. Other farmers
were taking courage from his example.
In 1 96 2 , Gajewski was brought to trial on
criminal charges -charges of conspiracy "to
obviate" the Agricultural Act ! He was con
victed and given a two-year sentence in fed
eral prison. He is presently out on bond, pend
ing an appeal which will be heard in Federal
Circuit Court at St. Louis on May 1 5 , 1 963 .
Gajewski's crime is that he planted wheat
on his family farm.
One Great Jurist
he attitude of most federal courts, with
regard to wheat farmers who presume to fght
for their own freedom, was indicated by Fed
eral Judge Frank L. Kloeb at Toledo, Ohio.
In 1 9 5 6, Judge Kloeb ( irritated because so
Ian
y
wheat farIers were cOIin
g into his
court trying to test the constitutionality of
the Agricultural Adjustment Act ) said that
such eforts were "preposterous" and that he
was going to start "handing out stif sentences"
to farmers trying to test the validity of the
law. The Judge said that the Agricultural
Adjustment Act is the law of the land and
that he would refuse "absolutely to go into the
question of constitutionality. "
One of the greatest jurists of our time, how
ever, reflected an opposite attitude. Whereas
other Federal Courts have consistently dis
missed farmers' wheat penalty < :ases, throw
ing the farmers back on the tender mercies
of the bureaucrats who assessed the penalties,
Federal Judge T. Whitfeld Davidson, in
Dallas, gave Evetts Haley, Jr. his day in court.
Maley had been fned $ 5 0 6. 1 1 for over
planting wheat on his farm in Oklahoma. The
case came under the j urisdiction of Judge
Davidson's court, because the bureaucrats had
harassed Haley so much that he had to leave
his farm and move to Dallas for a job ( with
this Report ) to support his family.
Haley's case went to trial in Judge David
son's Court on September 6, 1 9 5 8 . Entering
a judgment in favor of Haley, Judge David
son said that the federal farm program is
unlawful and unconstitutional and that it is
destroying the Christian concept of freedom
which our Cons t i t ut i on was des i gned to
protect. ( 5)
Government attorneys appealed directly to
the Supreme Court, by-passing the normal,
legal procedure of appealing to the Circuit
Court.
On February 24, 1 9 5 9, the Supreme Court
( without giving Haley a hearing or his lawyers
a chance to make arguments ; without even
notifying Haley or his lawyers of impending
action) summarily reversed Judge Davidson's
d (6) eCISlon.
On February 26, 1 962, Judge Davidson
declared the Supreme Court reversal void, on
the grounds that the Supreme Court had no
jurisdiction, since the case had not been prop
erly appealed to the Circuit Court.
(
7)
On October 1 5 , 1 962 , the U. S. Supreme
Court granted the government's request for
Page 124
an order forcing Judge Davidson to accept
t he cons t i t ut i onal i t y of the Agricultural
Adj ustment Act and to review the Haley case.
Ln January 3 1 , 1 96 3 , Judge Davidson
reI u et a n t l y entered an order assessing the
$ 5 0 6. 1 1 wheat penalty against Evetts Haley,
Jr. , but fled with the order his "respectful
dissent, " saying:
Is it not lawful for me to do what I will
with mine own? ' . . .
The husbandman that laboreth must be
the frst partaker of the fruits.' & &
The most comprehensive and valued
right of man is to be let alone. '
uThese were the views of Evetts Haley . . . .
He was charged in court with violating the
Marketing Act.
He had sold nothing. He had injected
nothing into the channels of commerce . . . .
He had produced some wheat which he fed
to his cows. A producer is not a marketer B B B
uProduce is not commerce. True it may so
become and so may an honest man become a
thief. He is not j ailed until he does.
( The Wickard and Haley decisions are far
reaching. They virtually abolish all distinc
tion between domestic and interstate com
merce. No lawyer in the light of these two
decisions can safely tell his client the distinc
tion between intrastate and interstate com
merce.
The Constitution nowhere confers the reg
ulation of agriculture upon the Congress or
the U. S. government. It does enumerate the
powers granted in some 1 8 to 2 0 items, no one
of which mentions agriculture or even pro
duction. And the Bill of Rights expressly for
bids it. Thomas Jeferson was in France as our
Ambassador there for some four years, re
turning to America while the adoption of
the new constitution was a matter of much
discussion and debate. He urged a Bill of
Rights which was speedily adopted, his words
being:
( ( (A bill of rights is what the people are
entitled to against every government on earth
and what no government should refuse.'
uThis Bill of Rights became the crowning
fnish of our constitutional eforts. It pro
vides :
Article 1 0. The powers not delegated to
the United States nor prohibited by it to the
states, are reserved to the states or to the
people.'
( Haley is not being let alone though for
60 generations it has been instilled into the
minds of our people that we have a right to
do as we will with our own and to b let alone
in doing it. That which has abided so long can
n
.
ot be abandoned in a day nor in one genera
tIon.
Referring to ourselves, the trial court,
as treated in the recent Haley decision by the
United States Supreme Court, we do not con
cede that we were or are within that realm
of procedure where that unusual and drastic
remedy of mandamus is applied. No ruling
of the higher court was disobeyed. Let the
record speak: The defendant Evetts Haley
had produced wheat and fed it to his own
stock on his own premises. He was charged
with violation of the Marketing Act. He had
marketed nothing and was acquitted.
( In the Wickard case, 3 1 7 U. S. 1 1 1 the
constitutionality of a law was at issue. I the
Haley case the guilt or innocence of a man
was the test.
uThe Wickard case was decided in the
depth of depression when the Blue Eagle' wa's
soaring. The Haley case was up in a much
later era of abundance when government
warehouses were bursting with surplus
wheat.
( Again, the marketing law had now been
in use long enough for its efects to become
manifest, particularly upon the small inde
pendent farmer. He had abandoned his farm
and sought work in the industries. Populous
farming communities have vanished. We fnd
here and there a large farm operated by
mechanized equipment. The small farmer is
gone. Many counties in the agricultural belt
have lost from 1 0 to 1 2 thousand population.
It is obvious that the small farmer can no
longer buy and own a home with the proceeds
of his own l abor. Oliver Goldsmith well
declared:
(A bold yeomanry, a country's pride,
when once destroyed can never be supplied. '
((It appears that we did not render the
judgment expected or desired by the Agricul
ture Department, but it must be remembered
that the Supreme Court wrote no instruction
and handed down no opinion as our guide.
If we, in the judgment of the Court, were in
error, and the only end was to make the law
more certain, then a simple and considerate
course Would have suggested that the case
be reversed with the direction that judgment
be entered for plaintif without hanging on
Page 125
a drastic threat of mandamus. And too every
judge higher or lower takes an oath to phold
and defend the Constitution and administer
justice, which must be done as he sees it.
We now enter the judgment for plaintif
not because we can conscientiously feel it to
be just, but in obedience to the mandate. To
refuse would be to invite judicial chaos which
every judge and every lawyer must avoid.
The Court may tell us what to do, but it
may not tell us what to think or believe. With
all deference to the Court, we respectfully
dissent. "
Suppl y-Management
he numerous, ugly injustices resulting
from compulsory wheat acreage allotments,
that went into efect in 1 9 5 4, caused so much
bad publicity for the whole agricultural pro
gram that Congress modifed the law to give
some relief to small wheat farmers who raise
wheat for their own use.
On August 2 8 , 1 9 5 7, President Eisenhower
signed into law a Bill ( which had been urged
by Ezra Taft Benson) allowing small farmers
to grow up to 3 0 acres of wheat for their own
use.
This ves ti ge of freedom has now been
eliminated.
n his farm message of March 1 6, 1 96 1 ,
President Kennedy urged Congress to approve
a program devised principally by Dr. Willard
W. Cochrane, a Minnesota economi s t . The
Kennedy- Cochrane s cheme prescribed a
supply-management" system in which Com
mittees of Farmers, under cont rol of the
Secretary of Agriculture, would regulate the
production and income of American farmers.
The system is basically the same as the fascist
system in Italy during the days of Mussolini,
and not greatly diferent from the collective
farm system of communist countries.
Congress fai l ed to act on the Kennedy
Cochrane propos al in 1 96 1 . In 1 962, the
Kennedy farm program retained the commu
nist-fascist supply-management" feature for
certain major commodities, but abandoned the
Farmers' Committees proposal of 1 96 1 .
(8)
The Senate approved the Kennedy farm bill
for 1 9 6 2 ; but the House, by a narrow margin,
defeated it. (9)
Farm legislation eventually enacted by Con
gress in 1 96 2 expanded existing programs, and
laid foundations for instituting the fascist
communist system proposed by Dr. Cochrane
and President Kennedy in 1 9 6 1 . Congres s
repealed all exi s t i ng exempt i ons of small
growers from the compulsory wheat control
program and authorized the Secretary of Agri
culture to conduct a wheat referendum in
1 96 3 to determine whether the supply-man
agement" system should go into efect for
1 9 64.
Lven after the compulsory wheat control
program went into efect in 1 9 5 4, farmers
who raised only 1 5 acres, or less, of wheat were
exempt from some cont rol s . Such farmers
could not market their wheat and they got
no price supports for it ; but they could raise
up to 1 5 acres ( if they had previous records
of planting that much) for their own use. The
1 9 5 7 law raised their exemption for home use
to 3 0 acres.
The 1 96 2 law abolished these exemptions.
Henceforth, a small farmer will be permitted
to plant only as much wheat as the average
of his annual plantings during the 1 9 5 9- 1 9 6 1
crop years. This means that there can be no
new wheat farmers in the future. Wheat farm
ing is frozen, limited to those already in the
business. Small farmers who ( for any reason) ,
during the 1 9 5 9 - 1 9 6 1 base years planted only
two or three acres of wheat will be forever
barred from planting more than two or three
acres. Big operators who were planting hun
dreds of thousands of acres under federal sub
sidies during 1 9 5 9- 1 9 6 1 , can continue plant
ing that much.
This program -deliberately giving a
wheat -producing monopoly to big planters
who thrive on government subsidies and thus
support government programs -will become
even worse if the wheat referendum ( on May
2 1 , 1 96 3 ) approves the supply-management
scheme.
Page 126
The Current Fi ght:
David and Gol iath
n previous years, fewer than 1 0 % of
America's wheat farmers voted in a wheat
referendum. Small farmers ( who had nothing
to gain from the subsidy and control programs
and who could retain a measure of freedom
by not participating) ignored the referen
dums. Hence, the only farmers who voted,
generally, were those in favor of the govern
ment's programs-less than 1 0 % of the total.
This year, however, self-interest compels
small farmers to vote. If two-thirds of the
farmers voting in the wheat referendum this
year approve the "supply- management"
system, all wheat farmers will be totally
controlled.
or the frst time in history, small inde
pendent wheat farmers, who believe in free
dom, are working desperately to get out the
vote in a wheat referendum.
Farmers For Freedom ( P. O. Box 1 427,
Telephone 2 3 4-9 5 64, Fargo, North Dakota )
is one of the most active of all organizations
formed by small wheat farmers to fght for
the freedom to farm.
To the t ot al l i mi t of t heir ti me and
resources, the farmers who formed, and who
run, this organization are working to get
wheat farmers out to vote in the May 2 1
referendum and to educate them to the sig
nifcance of their vote.
he Farmers For Freedom, however, have
very limited resources. The Department of
Agriculture has mobilized the resources of the
Federal Government to ofset the farmers'
infuence. The thousands of employees in the
Department are being used, wherever possible,
as political campaigners ( in violation of fed
eral law) for a yes vote in the forthcoming
whe at referendum. Every agency of the
Department ; every local agency that receives
any kind of federal assistance"; even the
l and-grant colleges ( which receive federal
money) , are being used as political - propa
ganda centers to infuence a yes vote.
Tons of expensive materials ( produced at
taxpayers ' expense and delivered free of
charge by the Post Ofce Department ) are
going out over the land.
High ofcials of government are using the
prestige of their ofce to get radio-television
time and newspaper space, for interviews and
statements supporting a yes vote in the wheat
referendum.
%oreover, ofcialdom does not hesitate to
use threats and intimidation. Small farmers
who want to vote in the wheat referendum are
obliged to sign a statement of intent to par
ticipate, receiving stern warnings of harsh
penalties if they vote and then do not comply
with all wheat-control regulations. The Com
modity Credit Corporation holds hundreds of
millions of dollars' worth of surplus" wheat
accumulated under subsidy programs of pre
vious years. Ofcialdom is threatening to dump
this wheat so that there would be no free
market for new wheat -and to lower price
supports so that new wheat could not be sold
to the government at a proft -all this, if
wheat farmers vote no on the referendum.
On the other hand, farmers are promised
high prices and guaranteed incomes if they
vote yes.
A Cause for Al l Americans
If the wheat referendum of May 2 1
approves the supply- management" system
for wheat, the same system will, inevitably,
be extended to other basic commodities
.
When
we have the supply-management system for all
basic agricultural commodities, we will have
a communized agricultural system in the
United States. With this basic industry com
munized, what can save all the rest ?
Every American who cares ( city dweller or
farmer ) should give maximum support to the
farmers who are trying to turn out a no vote
in the wheat referendum on May 2 1 , 1 96 3 .
Specific Thi ngs That You Can Do
f you know any farmers anywhere in the
United States, send each one a copy of this
Page 1 27
Report with a personal note asking him to vote
no in the wheat referendum.
Ask your friends to get extra copies of this
Report for distribution to their friends. If you
can aford it, ofer to provide them with copies
of this Report for distribution.
Urge every organization, in which you have
infuence, to distribute copies of this Report,
and ofer whatever help you can aford.
If you wish to do more, get in touch with
Farmers For Freedom ( P. O. Box 1 427, Tele
phone 2 3 4-9 5 64, Fargo, North Dakota) and
ask how you can help.
For our part, we will give away as many
thousands of copies of this Report as we can
aford.
Fi nal ly
begardless of how the May 2 1 , 1 9 6 3 , wheat
referendum comes out, every American who
cares should use this Report ( or comparable
material ) to help support the Adair Bill.
For the past several years, United States
Representative E. Ross Adair ( Republican,
Indiana) has introduced a Bill to repeal the
Agricultural Adj ustment Act of 1 9 3 8 .
Nothing else will solve the farm problem"
in the United States.
The Adair Bill would leave farmers free-
dom to farm. It would eliminate the vast cess
pool of corruption which government subsi
dies and controls have created ( as illustrated
by the Billie Sol Estes case, and by the rice
allotment scandals, and by innumerable corn
scandals ) . ( 10) It would save American taxpay
ers more than 5 billion dollars a year.
he current Adair Bill ( HR 5 1 5 7 ) , intro
duced on March 2 8 , 1 9 6 3 , is presently in the
House Committee on Agriculture. ( l l ) The
Chairman of this Committee is Harold D.
Cooley ( Democrat, North Carolina) .
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) See this Report, "A Yank Named Yankus," August 1 1 , 1 9 5 8 ; and
"A Strange Story About Wheat," August 1 5 , 1 9 5 8
( 2) Interlocking Subversion I n Govermnent Departments, Report of the
U. S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee of the Judiciary Com
mittee, July 3 0, 1 9 5 3 , p. 44
( 3 ) Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1 9 57,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1 960; and
Chicago Daily Trib1me editorial reprinted in Human Events, June
9, 1 962
(4) New Lond0 (Ohio) Record editorial reprinted in the Detroit
Times, April 14, 1 959, p. 1 4
( 5 ) "God Bless This Honorable Court," The Dan Smot Report, Sep
tember 22, 1 95 8
( 6) "Decision Reversed -A Study i n Tyranny," The Dan Smoot Report,
March 1 6, 1 95 9
( 7) The Dallas Morning News, April 6, 1 962, p. 4; The Dallas Times
Herald, October 1 5 , 1 962
(8) "Communizing and Corrupting Agriculture," The Dan Smoot Report,
June l
l
, 1 962
(9) For voting in both House and Senate, see "Congress or Dictator's
Assembly?," The Dan Smoot Report, July 9, 1 962
( 1 0) Remarks by U.S. Senator John J. Williams ( Republican, Delaware) ,
Congressional Record, February 24, 1 96 1 , pp. 2473 f. ; "Farmers
Panic over Rice Partnerships and Allotment Purchases: 'It's bigger
than Billie Sol,' '' Farm and Ranch, December 1 962, p. 1 1
( 1 1 ) Congressional Record, March 28, 1 963, p. 473 3
the side of freedom, you can help immensely by subscribing, and encouraging others to subscribe, to The DatI
Smoot Report.
Page 128
M
111 Smoot leport
Vol. 9, No. 1 7 ( Broadcast 402 ) April 29, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
T HE STORY OF L AOS
he story of Laos reveals the maj or fallacies of American foreign policy since World
War II -a policy which has consistently used the resources of the United States to build
up communist power and prestige all over the world, while weakening us militarily and
economically and making us an object of contempt in the eyes of friend and foe alike.
Background
In July, 1 9 5 3 -after approximately 5 3 , 000 Americans had lost their lives( l ) -Presi
dent Eisenhower accepted a Korean armistice on terms which were proposed by neutralist"
India, but which had been virtually dictated by the communists.
Trying to restore shattered American prestige, the Eisenhower Administration claimed
that we had stopped the communists in Korea, asserting that communists now realized they
could conquer no more territory in Asia. The Administration was especially frm in its
pronouncements about guaranteeing the integrity of French Indochina.
Indochina is a huge peninsula, projecting southward from the Asian mainland, into the
Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. It comprises Burma, Malaya, Singapore, Thailand,
Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Those parts of the region which were French colonial pos
sessions were known as French Indochina. French Indochina included Vietnam, Cambodia,
and Laos.
Sporadic and indecisive guerrilla warfare had been going on between the French and
communist groups for years ; and we had supported the French with millions of dollars of
aid. Conditions changed explosively after the Korean armistice was concluded. The Korean
war had given an incalculable boost to the morale, the prestige, and the military strength
of communists in Asia.
6441 Gaston Avenue ) . Subscription rates : $1 0.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
Page 1 29
Challenging the Eisenhower Administra
tion to keep its pledge about guaranteeing the
integrity of French Indochina, communists
converted scattered guerrilla action into total
war against the French. We kept sending aid
to the French; but on May 7, 1 9 5 4, the gallant
resistance of a small band of French Foreign
Legionnaires was broken; and Dienbienphu,
the last French stronghold in northern Viet
nam, fell under the pounding of Chinese com
munist artillery.
The aid we had given France was wasted,
and the communists had done what we had
loudly pledged ourselves never to let them do.
5hortly after the fall of Dienbienphu in
May, 1 9 5 4, the Soviet Union and Great
Britain suggested an international conference
to end the war and settle disputes in Indochina.
At the Geneva Conference in the late sum
mer of 1 9 5 4 ( which the United States "sup
ported" but did not attend) , the old French
Uni on was di vi ded i nto four na t i ons " :
neutral Cambodia, neutral Laos, neutral South
Vietnam, and communist North Vietnam.
An International Control Commission
composed of representatives from Canada,
India, and communist Poland -was created
and given the j ob of supervising the truce
agreements. Communists had guerrilla bands
throughout the area. Having been given all
of North Vietnam, they were supposed to
disperse their rebel groups in Laos, Cambodia,
and South Vietnam and then to respect the
neut ral i t y" of those three i ndependent
nations.
They never did disperse their guerrilla bands
or stop their warfare against the three nations ;
and the International Control Commission
ignored, or tacitly approved, communist viola
tions.
\nwilling to act alone to keep its pledge
to protect Laos, the Eisenhower Administra
tion took the lead in setting up SEATO
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. SEATO
was created at Manila in September, 1 9 5 4, by
a treaty of eight nations : the United States,
Great Britain, France, Australia, New Zea
land, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand.
In the t reat y area" ( whi ch thes e 8
"SEA TO nations" pledged themselves to pro
tect against communist aggression) , were the
three "neutral" nations carved from the old
French Union -Cambodia, South Vietnam,
and Laos.
What Is Laos?
aos is a landlocked, pri mi t i ve, j ungle
kingdom of about two million people, practi
cally all of whom are illiterate. It is not a
nation, or even a national community; and
the people have no national spirit. Laos is a
collection of warring families, existing as a
"nation" only because of United States aid
and support. (2)
The entire Laotian economy went on the
American dole, in 1 9 5 5 . We trained, equipped,
clothed, housed, fed, and paid the salaries of
the Laotian army and of all Laotian police
forces ; and we directly fnanced more than
8 0% of the total civilian budget of the govern
ment of Laos.
By 1 9 5 8 , the evidence that our aid to Laos
was doing harm instead of good was so con
spicuous that the Committee on Government
Operations of the U. S. House of Representa
tives decided to investigate.
The Committee found criminal corruption
on the part of American foreign aid ofcials
in Laos. It found inefciency, waste, extrava
gance, stupidity, and dishonesty on the part
of American foreign aid ofcialdom generally;
and it found that United States aid, extrava
gantly poured into Laos, had hurt that country
economically, politically, and militarily, and
had made the United States an object of con
tempt and hatred. (3)
n July, 1 9 5 9, communists from North
Vietnam sent reinforcements to communi s t
rebels in Laos
,
and opened an all-out attack
on the royal government forces. The govern
ment of Laos eventually appealed to the
United Nations for help. The UN sent a Secur
ity Council team to Laos to look around. The
Page 130
UN team determined that there was no out
side intervention.
On August 9, 1 960, Captain Kong Le seized
military power in Vientiane, the capital of
Laos. Kong Le was an ofcer in the King's
Army which the United States had built. He
had been trained, by Americans, in the Philip
pines. (4)
When Kong Le defected and seized power
on August 9, 1 960, he gained efective control,
although the King's government remained
technically in power for several months.
Ln December 1 , 1 96 0, the United States
temporarily suspended aid to the anti-com
munists, while the Soviets increased their air
lift of supplies to the communists. The royal
government collapsed. The premier and his
cabinet fled the country, but parliament
remained loyal and stayed in Vientiane with
the King. The King appointed Prince Boun
Oum ( anti-communist ) as provisional premier
of a new government ; ( 5) and the bloody battle
for control of the capital of Laos began.
On December 1 5 , 1 960, a State Department
spokes man in Washington said the United
States would do everything in its power to
help the new government of Prince Boun Oum
overcome the threat of external aggression. (6)
Ultimately, the new government of Boun
Oum prevailed to the extent that Captain
Kong Le's communist forces were driven from
the capital.
On December 1 9, 1 960, the State Depart
ment announced the resumption of full mili
tary and economic aid to Laos, saying that the
triumph of the new non-communist govern
ment over Soviet-supported forces provided
grounds for considerable satisfaction.
(
7)
An American About-Face
Ln December 2 3 , 1 960, the Soviets pro
posed that the old International Control Com
mission for Indochina be revived ; and that
another Geneva Conference be called to settle
the trouble in Laos. (8)
Premier Boun Oum ( supported fully by the
United States ) rejected the proposal.
On March 2 3 , 1 96 1 , the British Govern
ment formally made a proposal that was vir
tually identical with the one the Soviets had
made on December 2 3 , 1 96 0 that is, for a
cease-fre ; a revival of the Indian-Canadian
Polish International Control Commission; and
an international conference. (9)
At a press conference on March 2 3 , Presi
dent Kennedy said:
w e strongly support the present British
proposal. . . . "
A story buried on page 1 2 of the Washing
ton Post, March 24, 1 9 6 1 , said:
In essence, the United States has accepted
both the kind of international commission
and the kind of conference which the Soviet
Union wanted. "
hus, while vowing that it would never
do any such thing, the United States Govern
ment in three months did an about-face : from,
supporting the pro-Western government of
Laos in its rejection of the Soviet proposal
made December 2 3 , 1 96 0 ; to, strongly su p
porting the Soviet proposal ( now called the
"British proposal ") on March 2 3 , 1 9 6 1 .
We Enforce Peace on Communist
Terms
Ln March 26, 1 96 1 , President Kennedy
told members of Congress that the United
States, Britain, and France were in complete
agreement not to let Laos fall into communist
control.
( 10)
On March 2 8 , 1 96 1 , SEATO powers, meet
ing at Bangkok, agreed on a compromise reso
lution which said that members of SEATO
would take "appropriate" action if the British
proposal for a cease-fre and for negotiations
failed, and if communist military attempts to
control Laos continued.
Americans had suggested a "tougher" reso
lution, but the French feared to antagonize
the Soviets.
( 1 1 )
Page 1 31
Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, and
Pakistan were dismayed at United States vacil
lation; but New Zealand and Great Britain
agreed with France on conciliation and com-
( 1 2)
promlse.
On March 3 1 , 1 96 1 , arriving in Washington
from the SEA TO meeting, Secretary of State
Dean Rusk said he was "much encouraged"
by the "free world unity" displayed at the
conference! Mr. Rusk also indicated that the
United States would accept an "unofcial
cease-fre" in Laos, as evidence of good faith
by the Kremlin. We had previously demanded
a formal truce agreement as a necessary con
dition to our consent to an international con
ference on Laos. ( 1 3)
Ln April 1 6, 1 96 1 , Rusk said the Soviets
wanted to start negotiations on Laos before
fghting stopped, but that the United States
rejected such timing as a communist device
for stalling. ( 1 4)
On April 2 1 , 1 96 1 , the Soviet Union and
Great Britain completed their agreement to
call a cease-fre in Laos. The agreement did
not specify that the Laos truce must be veri
fed before an international conference would
be called. ( 1 5 )
On April 29, 1 96 1 , President Kennedy and
his top advisers met in a crisis session to decide
whether to ask for military intervention in
Laos, because the communists had refused to
stop fghting. The President said the time for
appeals and warnings to the communists had
run out -that the time for action to back
up the warnings had come; but that America
must not act alone. ( 1
6
)
On May 1 6, 1 9 6 1 , the International Con
ference on Laos ( arranged by the Soviets and
the British) began at Geneva. It was boycotted
by the pro-Western government of Laos
because communist rebel factions were given
a seat at the conference on an equal basis with
the legal government. ( 1 7)
The United States government had repeat
edly asserted it would not go to the Geneva
conference while fghting was still going on
in Laos ; but it went, and stayed there for
months, while the communists kept fghting
and gaining ground.
Jhe principal communist demand at the
Geneva conference was for a coalition gov
ernment in Laos. The anti-communist Boun
Oum government of Laos would not discuss
the demand, because Boun Oum knew ( as
everyone else knows ) that a coalition govern
ment with communists means a communist
controlled government.
On May 27, 1 96 1 , an Associated Press dis
patch from Geneva said:
HThe United States today accused the com
munist-led Pathet Lao rebels of repeatedly
and wilfully violating the cease-fre in Laos,
and demanded a halt B &
The U. S. delegation is not prepared to
sit in Geneva indefnitely while Pathet Lao
artillery and rebel infantry units whittle
away at territory held by the pro-Western
Royal Laotian government.
,,
( 18)
But there our delegates sat, at a conference
which we had vowed never to attend unless
fghting had frst stopped; and as we sat and
negotiated, the communists continued their
conquests in Laos.
Uy the end of 1 96 1 , the Kennedy Admin
istration had decided to force the anti-com
munist government of Laos to accept "peace"
on communist terms.
On January 2, 1 962, Winthrop G. Brown,
United States Ambassador to Laos, "virtually
had to force an audience" with representatives
of the anti-communist Boun Oum government
in Vientiane to present Washington's point
of view. " Washington's viewpoint was that
Boun Oum mus t accept t he communi s t
demand for a coalition government. ( 19)
To enforce its vi ewpoi nt , Was hi ngton
threa tened to stop all aid to Boun Oum.
Despite his total dependence on American aid,
Boun Oum refused to surrender to the Ameri
can-backed communist demand. ( 19)
We stopped our aid to Laos on January 3 ,
1 962 ; (20) but restored it on January 1 2, 1 962 ,
after Prince Boun Oum had fnally promised
Page 132
to go to Geneva for a conference with com
munists.
(
2
1 )
In February, 1 962, we again stopped aid to
Laos because Boun Oum had not yet accepted
a coal i t i on government on communi s t
terms.
(
22
)
Ln March 2 5 , 1 962, W. Averell Harriman
( then Assistant Secretary of State for Far East
Afairs ) warned "right-wing" Laotian leaders
in Vientiane that they would lose all American
aid if they did not accept the communi s t
demand for a coalition government . This
threat brought the anti-communists into dis
cussions with communists and "neutralists. ,
,
(
2
3
)
On May 2, 1 9 62, W. Averell Harriman, in
a discussion of Laos, before a small American
a udience, said, among other things :
It doesn't matter much to us, one way or
the other, what happens in Laos.
,,
(24)
Ln May 5 , 1 962, Ameri can mi l i t ary
a ut hori ti es i n Laos confrmed rumors that
communist Chinese had i nvaded nor thern
Laos. ( 25)
On May 6, 1 962, pro-communist forces in
Laos, supported by communist troops from
China, launched a major attack on Nam Tha,
capital city of a northwestern province of
Laos.
Washington ofcialdom criticized the anti
communist forces for "provoking" the attack.
Washington regarded the attack and conquest
of new territory for communists as no major
catastrophe," saying that it "could not be
interpreted as a sign of bad faith by the
pro-Communists ; and that it should not jeop
ardize negotiations" to cr eat e a coal i t i on
government.
(
26
)
On May 1 1 , 1 962, Max Frankel, in a special
report to The New York Times from Wash
ington, said pro-communists had routed the
anti-communist army in northwestern Laos ;
that the Kennedy Administration had written
of the anti-communist army as useless ; and
that Kennedy would threaten to "disavow"
all "right-wing" political leaders unless they
accepted a coalition government. Frankel said
Kennedy would make a "show of strength"
by sending American troops into the area near
Laos.
(
2
7)
On May 1 6, 1 962, Kennedy's "show of
strength" started when 5 , 000 American troops
landed in Thailand. In Washington, Secretary
of State Dean Rusk and the Soviet Ambassador
had a conference and agreed to cal l for a
"cease-fre" in Laos.
(28)
On May 1 8 , 1 962, W. Averell Harriman
spoke to the Laotian Ambassador in Washing
ton, sharply rebuking "right-wing" political
leaders in Laos for resisting the coalition gov
ernment. Harriman, in efect, blamed the anti
communists for the communist invasion and
conquest of the northwes tern province of
Laos. (29)
Ln June 1 1 , 1 962, the three rival princes
in Laos met and agreed on a coalition govern
ment. The three : Souvanna Phouma, pro
communist "neutralist"; Prince Souphanou
vong, communi s t ; and Prince Boun Oum,
anti-communist. It was agreed that pro-com
munist Phouma would be premier ; that com
munist Souphanouvong woul d be deputy
premier ; and that Boun Oum, the anti-com
munist, would retire. (30)
The person who eventually replaced Boun
Oum as "rightist" deputy premier in the coali
tion government was Phoumi Nosavana -a
man with no known record of fghting com
munIsm.
On June 1 3 , 1 962, Pres i dent Kennedy
echoed Khrushchev i n welcoming Laos' new
1 ( 31) coa ItIOn government.
The coalition government was formally
installed on June 2 3 , 1 962. The next day, Pre
mier Phouma left the country for a visit in
Europe, leaving the reins of government in
the hands of his communist hal f- brother,
Souphanouvong. The frst ofcial act of the
coalition government, under Souphanouvong,
on June 24, 1 962, was a bitter denunciation
of the United States for havi ng troops in
Thailand. (32)
Page 133
Ln July 2 3 , 1 962, the 1 4 nations meeting
at Geneva signed documents guaranteeing the
neutrality and territorial integrity of Laos.
(33)
The Geneva agreement gave the three
na tion con t r 0 I commission ( Canada, India,
communist Poland) the task of supervising
the functioning of the coalition government
in Laos. The United States agreed to pay
1 7. 6% of the annual cos t of the cont rol
commission.
(34
)
The Geneva agreement was never submitted
to the U. S. Senate for advice and consent as
a treaty. Questioned about this, W. Averell
Harriman, in August, 1 962, said:
((The Geneva agreements were concluded
by the United States as an executive agree
ment. The Ptesident has adequate authority
under the Constitution, by virtue of his power
to conduct the foreign relations of the United
States and as Commander-in-Chief, to enter
into an executive agreement of this kind. "( 35 )
Uy October 1 , 1 962, the United States had
moved its "show of strength" troops out of
Thailand and was rapidly removing military
advisers from Laos ; but only 1 5 of communist
North Vietnam's 1 0 , 0 0 0 troops had l eft
Laos. (3
6
)
The Geneva agreement requi red the
removal of all foreign troops by October 7,
1 962. The United States complied with this
requirement ; the communists never even made
a gesture toward compliance. Nonetheless, the
three-nation control commi s s i on formally
reported "no-evidence" of foreign communist
troops in Laos. (37)
On January 2 1 , 1 96 3 , U. S. aid to Laos
suspended for nearly a year -was resumed. (38)
And Now
aving eliminated anti-communist mili
tary forces and political leaders, and having
efected the withdrawal of all United States
forces , communi s t s in Laos turned their
attacks on the "neutralists" with whom they
were in coali tion. "
By mid-April, 1 9 6 3 , the American press
was headlining stories about how the neutral
ists were retreating before the communi s t
forces ; about President Kennedy's "deep con
cern, " and about his "frm intent" not to let
the communists take over Laos.
On April 22, 1 9 6 3 , United Press Interna
tional reported from Washington that Presi
dent Kennedy was about to make another
"show of strength" in Southeast Asia -that
the U. S. 7th Fleet was steaming into waters
near Laos and that the President was contem
plating sending troops back into Thailand.
And W. Averell Harriman was again dash
ing around the world, holding hugger-mugger
conferences to arrange something or other for
Laos. (39)
here, in bare outline, is the story of Laos.
Placed against this backdrop, Kennedy's cur
rent show of concern is obviously hypocritical ;
but why is he doing it ? Is he merely trying to
draw attention away from Cuba ? It is impos
sible to know.
What Should We Do?
t was a mistake in 1 9 5 4 when Eisenhower
( hoping to restore prestige lost by communist
conquests elsewhere in Asia) pledged never
to permit communist conquest in Laos. We
could not prevent communist harassment of
Laos without involving ourselves in a land
war in the jungles of that primitive land.
If we made the mistake of getting into such
a war, we could bleed ourselves white in a
conflict which would actually help the Soviets.
A war between communi s t - cont rol l ed
Asians and the United States in Laos would
provide, as Korea did, valuable training for
communist troops. The communists would be
killing Americans, but we would not be kill
ing Soviet soldiers. We would be killing Asians,
thus intensifying Asian hatred for us and sup
porting the communist fction that the Soviet
Union is the friend of Asia ; America, the
enemy.
Page 134
If we did not permit ourselves to be goaded
into such a war, we would lose face through
out the world.
5o, by our actions and our proclamations
with regard to Laos, we set up a situation in
which the Soviets were bound to win and we
were bound to lose. If we went to war to keep
our pledge, the consequences for us would be
disastrous even if we achieved military victory.
If we did not go to war, we would be disgraced.
In e i ther event , t he Sovi et s would proft
mightily.
As it turns out, we have actually helped
the communists conquer Laos, pretending all
the time that we would never permit com
munist conquest.
What Shoul d We Do Now?
e should get out of all the far corners
of the earth where we now s t and as s el f
appointed -and, gener al l y, unwelcome
guardians, and uplifters, and moralizers, and
subsidizers of people who would rather be left
alone.
The government of the United States has
no constitutional right to use the resources of
the American peopl e to s upport forei gn
nations. Moreover, i t is i m pos s i bl e for t he
United States ( containing 6 per cent of the
world's population) to support and defend
the remaining 94 per cent of the people on
earth.
e spent mi l l i ons of dol l ars to help
Chinese nationalists resist communism; but in
the end, it was the operation of our policies -
the giving and withholding of aid at critical
j unctures to enforce pol i t i cal and military
decisions on the nationalists -that helped the
communists capture China. And when they
captured China, they captured American mili
tary and civilian goods which they used in
other parts of Asia.
We spent 5 3 , 000 American lives to resist
communist conquest in Korea ; but the Korean
war made the communists a menacmg force
in Asia.
We gave the French millions of dollars to
resist communism in Indochina ; but, in the
end, communi s ts destroyed French power,
took over a key portion of Indochina, and cap
tured a new s upply of American mi l i t ary
equipment for continued warfare against the
remainder of Southeast Asia.
Lould Laos and other such nations defend
themselves against communism if we got out
and withdrew all aid? It seems obvious that
they could do at least as well without our help
as they have done with it, since our eforts
monotonously result, at last, in helping com
munists. It also seems obvious that military
and industrial equipment which we give to
small nations increase their attractiveness as
prizes for communist conquest. Communists
might not extend themselves to take primitive
countries like Laos, if it were not for the lure
of American goods to be captured.
If we stopped all foreign aid and reversed
the foreign policy of the United States
letting the world see that, henceforward, the
incalculable strength of the United States will
be used to defend the American homeland -
we would gain such strength and prestige that
we woul d no l onger need t o fear war or
national bankruptcy.
Congress could and should stop all foreign
aid and foreign meddling, and spend American
tax money for defense of the American nation.
A majority of Senators and Representatives
would take such a stand if what they heard
from their constituents convinced them that
they could never be re-elected unless they did.
The Deta i led Story
n 1 962, we devoted two issues of this
Report to Laos (Laos -Part I, " and Laos
-Part II," April 9 and 1 6, 1 9 62 ) .
Most of the background material in this
present Report is taken from the two 1 96 2
Reports; but those who want a detailed, step-
Page 135
by-step account of the Laotian story should
read the two Reports of last year, in connec
tion with this present one.
Reprints of "Laos -Part I" and "Laos -
Part II, " published in April, 1 962, are still
available. They may be ordered separately at
our regular reprint prices, or in a set of three
with the present Report -ffty cents for all
three.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Statistics on American casualties in Korea are widely disputed.
Even ofcial U.S. Government fgures are contradictory. The fgure
of 5 3 ,000 American deaths in Korea was supplied by the late
Alfred Kohlberg.
( 2) Statement by Peter Kalischer, CBS Far East Correspondent, The
Dallas Morning News, January 3, 1 96 1 ; AP dispatch from Vientiane,
Laos, The Dallas Morning News, March 24, 1 96 1 ; AP article from
Vientiane, Laos, by Roy Essoyan, The Dallas Times Herald, February
1 5 , 1 961
( 3 ) U.S. Aid Operations i n Laos, Seventh Report by The Committee on
Government Operations, U.S. House of Representatives, June 1 5 , 1 9 5 9
( 4) "Is Laos Lost? Communists Deal From Strength," AP dispatch, The
Dallas Morning News, May 1 4, 1 961
( 5 ) Chronology of Kong Le's coup and formation of the new govern
ment is from "Statement on Laos," State Department Press Release
No. 9, January 7, 1 9 6 1
( 6 ) "U.S. Will SuppOrt New Laos Regime," The Dallas Morning News,
December 1 6, 1 960
(7) "With Red Defeat, U.S. Resumes Aid to Laos," AP dispatch, The
Dallas Times Herald, December 20, 1 960
. ( S ) AP dispatch from London, The New York Times, December 24,
1 960, p. 3
( 9) Washington Report, by Rear Admiral Chester Ward, American
Security Council, March 27, 1 961
( 1 0) AP dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Times Herald, March
26, 1 961
( 1 1 ) AP dispatch from Bangkok, Thailand, Shreveport Journal, March
29, 1 96 1
( 1 2) "Laos Situation Reaches Crisis," by Editorial Research Reports,
The Dallas Mornitlg Ne1s, March 2S, 1 9 6 1
( 1 3 ) UPI dispatch from Washington, The Dallas MOflillg News, April
1 , 1 961
( 1 4) AP dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Times Herald, April 1 7,
1 961
( 1 5 ) UPI dispatch from Moscow, The Dallas MOTing News, April 22,
1 961
( 1 6) UPI dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Times Herald, April 29,
1 961
( 1 7) AP dispatch from Geneva, Shreveport JOlmlal, May 1 6, 1 961
( I S ) AP dispatch from Geneva, Shreveport Times, May 2S, 1 961
( 1 9) Special to the Times from Vientiane, Laos, The New York Times,
January 3 , 1 962, pp. 1 , 2
( 20) "Pressure on Laos by U.S. Reported," by Jacques Nevard, The New
York Times, January 5 , 1 962, pp. 1 , 2
( 2 1 ) AP dispatch from Vientiane, Laos, The Dallas Morning News,
January 1 3 , 1 962
( 22) AP dispatch from Vientiane, Laos, The Dallas Moming News, March
5, 1 962
( 2 3 ) UPI dispatch from Vientiane, Laos, The New York Times, March
26, 1 962, p. S
(24) "Capital Circus," by Ted Lewis, New York Daily News, May 1 5 ,
1 962 ; and "For Your Information -Doesn't It Matter ?", by Alice
Widener, Shreveport Journal, May 2 1 , 1 962
( 2 5 ) AP dispatch from Vientiane, Laos, The Dallas Morning News, May
6, 1 962, p. S
( 26) Special to the Times from Vientiane, Laos, The New York Times,
May 7, 1 962, pp. 1 , 1 3 ; and Special to the Times by Max Frankel,
The New York Times, May 7, 1 962, p. 1 3
( 27) The New York Times, May 1 2 , 1 962, p . 1
( 2S ) UPI story by Eugene McLaughlin, The Dallas Times Herald, May 1 6,
1 962, pp. 1 . S
( 29) Special to the Times, The New York Times, May 2 5 , 1 962, p. 3
( 3 0) AP dispatch from Khang Khay, Laos, The Dallas Morning News,
June 1 2, 1 962, p. 1
( 3 1 ) "President Urges Soviet To Extend Laos Peace Move," by Max
Frankel, The New York Times, June 14, 1 962, pp. 1, 6
( 3 2 ) AP dispatch from Vientiane, Laos, The New York Times, June 2 5 ,
1 962, pp. I , 3
( 3 3 ) "Laos -Milestone in Peace Eforts," Foreign Policy Briefs, State
Department, August 6, 1 962
(34) "Laos," Foreign Policy Briefs, State Department, October I, 1 962
( 3 5 ) Remarks of U. S. Representative Melvin R. Laird (Republcian,
Wisconsin) , Congressional Record, August 1 3 , 1 962, p. 1 5 245
( 36) U.S. News ( \orld Report, October 1 . 1 962, p. 67
( 3 7) UPI dispatch from Washington, Shreveport Times, March 1 7, 1 963
( 3 S ) U. S. News ( Vorld Report, February 4, 1 963 , p. 1 6
( 3 9 ) UPI dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Momillg News, April
2 3 , 1 963 , p. 1
In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow i n English, doing graduate work for the degree
of Dotor of Philosophy in the feld of American Civilization.
i n the FBI, rather than return to Harvard.
half years, he worked exclusively on communist investigations in the i ndustrial midwest. For two years following
that, he was on FBI headquarters staf in Washington, as an Administrative Assistant to J. Edgar Hover.
the side of freedom, you cn help immensely by subscribing, and encouraging others to subscribe, to The Dan
Smoot Report.
Page 1 36
M
1f1 Smoot lepolt
Vol. 9, No. 1 8 ( Broadcast 403 )
May 6, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
DI SARMAME NT - PART I
A Parabl e
Last week, top law enforcement ofcials of Chicago and New York held another meeting
with criminal leaders of those two cities. This was the latest of a lengthy series of such
meetings
,
called
,
in response to pleas made by the criminals, for the purpose of eliminating
the costly struggle between organized society and the criminal underworld.
The criminals have for many years insisted that huge police forces, equipped with
weapons and in command of j ails and other places of detention, have necessitated a cor
responding expenditure of efort and money on their part to protect their own interests.
They have made repeated ofers to disarm every criminal in Chicago and New York and to
disband every criminal organization, if the law enforcement agencies will also disarm and
disband.
The law enforcement ofcials are also eager to eliminate crime and to save the taxpayers
of Chicago and New York the enormous expense of maintaining police forces. They have
ofered to disband the police forces of both cities, except for skeleton crews of unarmed
men to handle trafc problems.
The only point of disagreement involves the question of efective inspection to guarantee
that both sides keep the disarmament agreements. Law enforcement ofcials feel it would
be dangerous to disband police forces and leave Chicago and New York totally helpless
if the criminals should break their promise and launch a sudden, all-out attack on the
citizens of those two cities.
Law enforcement ofcials want a frm agreement which would authorize them to send
neutral inspectors into criminal haunts of Chicago and New York to investigate any report
of criminal activity. The agreement would, similarly, authorize neutral inspectors to
investigate any suspicion or complaint on the part of criminals that the police were rearm
ing and hiring new personnel.
Page 137
( ( In the more than 1 00 0 previous meetings
with law enforcement ofcials, criminal lead
ers of Chicago and New York have flatly
refused this inspection system demanded by
law enforcement. They accuse law enforce
ment ofcials of bad faith in making such
demands, claiming that the ofcials are merely
trying to set up a stool-pigeon system to spy
on criminals and violate their private rights.
((On the eve of the latest meeting which
began last week, however, spokesmen for law
enforcement ofcials expressed cheerful opti
mism. They claimed that criminal leaders,
displaying a genuine interest in peace, now
seem willing to make signifcant concessions
to law enforcement demands. Although they
gave no details, law enforcement spokesmen
said the criminals have (considerably modi
fed' their previously frm stand against in
spections, and have ofered to permit a limited
number of annual inspections, by neutral
observers, in specifed criminal hangouts in
Chicago and New York."
hat fctional news story has never been
written, and never will be, because no such
ludicrous thing will ever happen.
The story is not nearly so ludicrous, how
ever, as the news stories which were making
headlines throughout the world in April and
May, 1 96 3 -concerning determined and
hopeful eforts of Western leaders to negotiate
a peace-and-disarmament pact with inter
national criminals who control the com
munist slave empire.
Communist I ntent
Lommunists consider anything good"
which promotes the cause of socialism ( that
is, communism) : war, mass murder, the
extermination of whole races through en
forced starvation, torture of human beings,
rape, pillage, betrayal of friends and family,
theft, vandalism -all are good" if they
help communism. On the other hand, any
thing is bad" which hurts communism: love
of God and country, kindness, charity, hon
esty, thrift, hard work -all are bad" if
they in any way interfere with the com
munist drive for world conquest.
World peace," to communists, means
communist conquest of the world. All non
communists are regarded as enemies of com
munism, who will destroy communists if
given a chance. Hence, there can be no peace
on earth until all non-communists are elimi
nated. Until such time arrives, strategy re
quires periods of "peaceful co-existence"
between communists and non-communists.
To a normal mind, peaceful co-existence"
means living side by side, leaving each other
alone. To the communist mind, peaceful
co-existence" means a cessation of all hostility
and opposition on the part of non-com
munists ( and cessation of preparation for
possible hostility) , while communists gather
strength and make plans for renewed assaults
on non-communists.
eapons in the hands of communists
are considered benign tools for achieving
world peace; weapons in the hands of non
communists are considered horrible instru
ments for oppression and conquest.
Communists do dream of a time in the
distant future when they themselves can
be relieved of the burden of producing and
maintaining armaments ; but that is to come
only after communist conquest of the world
is complete. Communists regard it as treason
to their own cause even to think of disarm
ing communists before all non-communists
have been disarmed and destroyed.
Communists have been advocating "total
disarmament in a peaceful world" since 1 9 1 6.
Their program is simple and openly stated
by communist leaders : to disarm all non
communists so that they can be destroyed.
The objective of every disarmament discus
sion is to disarm non-communist nations
( specifcally, the United States ) while in
creasing the armaments of the Soviet Union.
Jhese facts being known, it is ludicrous
and dangerous for our political leaders even
to discuss disarmament with Soviet leaders.
These facts have been known since 1 9 1 6.
Page 138
Below are a few quotations from com
munist leaders to prove the point. Readers
not familiar with communist dialectics may
need a glossary. In the communist language
quoted below:
proletariat, revolutionary proletariat, peo
ples, forces struggling for socialism, the
working class, the masses -all mean com
munists;
revolutionary wars -means wars fought
in the interest of communism;
proletarian revolution, national liberation
movement, class struggle, struggle for peace,
struggle against imperialism, struggle for
national independence -all mean eforts of
communists to seize power;
imperialists, bourgeoisie-mean, non-com
munists.
In 1 9 1 6, Lenin said:
HOnly after the proletariat has disarmed
the bourgeoisie will it be able
,
without be
traying its world historical mission
,
to throw
all armaments on the scrap heap.
,,
( l )
In 1 9 1 7, Lenin said:
HWe are no pacifsts . . . we have always
declared that it would be stupid if the revo
lutionary proletariat promised not to wage
revolutionary wars which might become
indispensable in the interest of socialism.
,,
( l )
A policy statement adopted at the Sixth
World Congress Of The Communist Inter
national, in 1 92 8
,
says :
((The aim of the Soviet proposals is . . . to
propagate the fundamental Marxian postu
lates that disarmament and the abolition
of war are possible only with the fall of
capitalism.
,,
( l )
In 1 9 5 4, V. Cherpakov ( Representa.tive
of the Soviet Ministry of Defense) said:
HCommunists link the cause of peace with
the cause of victory of the proletarian
revolution.
,,
( l )
An editorial in the February, 1 9 5 5 , issue
of National Afairs Monthly ( ofcial com
munist publication) said :
((The idea that peaceful co-existence must
include the maintenance of the status quo
is imperialist propaganda.
,,
( l )
On October 2 0, 1 960, Khrushchev told
communists of the world about the need
to force" the capitalist countries to come
to an agreement on disarmament.
( 1 )
In December, 1 960, at a Moscow meeting
of representatives from 8 1 communist parties
throughout the world, communist leaders laid
down a directive that an active, determined
struggle" must be waged to force the im
perialists into an agreement on general
disarmament.
, ,
( 1
)
Here are excerpts from a speech which
Khrushchev made on January 6, 1 9 6 1 :
( ( [ Peaceful co-existence] helps . . . the
forces struggling for socialism
,
and in capi
talist countries it facilitates the activities of
Communist parties . . . it helps the national
liberation movement to gain successes. "
(( [Peaceful co-existence] implies intensif
cation of the struggle of the working class
,
of all the Communist parties
,
for the tri
umph of Socialist ideas . . . [It is] a form of
intense economic
,
political
,
and ideological
struggle of the proletariat against the aggres
sive forces of imperialism in the international
arena."
((Peaceful co-existence of states does not
imply renunciation of the class struggle . . .
the co-existence of states with diferent social
systems is a form of class struggle between
socialism and capitalism."
((The policy of peaceful co-existence is
a policy of mobilizing the masses and launch
ing vigorous action against the enemies of
peace."
((The slogan of the struggle for peace
does not contradict the slogan of the struggle
for communism."
((The struggle for disarmament . . . is an
efective struggle against imperialism q q q for
restricting its military potentialities.
,,
( 1 )
In his January 6, 1 9 6 1 speech, Khrushchev
quoted Lenin to the efect that, in promoting
their program of disarming non-communists,
communists must establish " contacts with
those circles of the bourgeoisie who gravitate
toward pacifsm.
, ,
( 1
)
Page 1 39
On July 1 0, 1 962, speaking to the World
Congress on General Disarmament and Peace,
Khrushchev said:
( (The struggle for general disarmament
facilitates the struggle for national inde
pendence. For their part the successes of the
national liberation movements strengthen the
cause of peace, contribute to strengthening
the struggle for disarmament. Disarmament
means disarmament of the forces of war, the
liquidation of militarism."( l )
An editorial in the October, 1 962, issue of
W orid Marxist Review said:
H general disarmament does not mean
disarming the peoples fghting for national
liberation. On the contrary, it would deprive
the imperialists of the means to halt progress
and crush the struggle for independence . . .
disarmed, the imperialists would be power
less to prevent the people from attaining
freedom. Disarmament primarily means dis
mantling the gigantic war machines of the
highly developed countries. "(
l )
In a public statement at Berlin on January
1 6, 1 96 3 , Khrushchev said :
( (The duty of Communists at the helm of
state power is to do everything possible to
insure that our strength will grow.
,,
( l )
Communist Performance
\nless our political leaders profess abys
mal ignorance, they can fnd no excuse for
not knowing the intent of communist dis
armament discussions. How about the per
formance of communists in keeping their
treaty commitments ?
In 1 9 5 5 , when President Eisenhower was
planning a summit meeting with communist
leaders at Geneva, the Senate Internal Secu
rity Subcommittee ( by way of showing
Eisenhower that any kind of negotiation with
Soviet leaders is not only fruitless but dan
gerous ) released to the press a staf study of
the Soviet treaty record. Here are passages
from the foreword to that staf study, later
( 1 9 5 6 ) published as Senate Document No.
1 2 5 :
(\ B the Subcommittee on Internal Secu
rity authorized a staf study of the Soviet
trea ty record from 1 9 1 7, when a handful
of Bolsheviks seized power over 1 5 0 million
non-Communists in Russia, to the present,
when 800 million people on two continents
sufer under Red despotism. The project was
part of the subcommittee's examination of
The Strategy and Tactics of World Commu
nism. It contemplated a scrutiny of treaties
and agreements involving peace, accord and
fraternity, collaboration, friendship and
neutrality, diplomatic recognition, frontier
disputes, nonaggression pacts, conferences of
conciliation, mutual aid, renunciation of
war, and international promises to the
peoples of the entire world -such as the
Atlantic Charter.
( ( The staf studied nearly a thous and
treaties and agreements of the kinds
described above, both bilateral and multi
lateral, which the Soviets have entered into
not only with the United States, but with
countries all over the world. The staf found
that in the 3 8 short years since the Soviet
Union came into existence, its Government
had broken its word to virtually every coun
try to which it ever gave a signed promise.
It signed treaties of nonaggression with
neighboring states and then absorbed those
states. It signed promises to refrain from
revolutionary activity inside the countries
with which it sought (friendship,' and then
cynically broke those promises. It was vio
lating the frst agreement it ever signed with
the United States at the very moment the
Soviet envoy, Litvinov, was putting his sig
nature to that agreement, and it is still
violating the same agreement in 1 9 5 5 & It
keeps no international promises at all unless
doing so is clearly advantageous to the Soviet
Union.
I
((I seriously doubt whether during the
whole history of civilization any great nation
has ever made as perfdious a record as this
in so short a time.
((On the basis of the record, this question
inevitably arises : Is the Soviet record merely
a series of individual and unrelated misdeeds,
or has treaty breaking been an instrument
of national policy since the U.S.S.R. itself
came into existence? ;
,
(2)
Page 140
Communist Techni ques
he staf of the Internal Security Sub
committee concluded that treaty breaking is,
provably, an instrument of Soviet national
policy.
When the Soviets engage United States
leaders in negotiation for some agreement,
they make proposals which could not, in
sanity, be accepted; but their propaganda
machines in the United Nations, in Moscow,
and in Soviet embassies throughout the world
( aided and abetted by the pro-communist
and communist-following liberal forces in the
United States ) attempt to conceal the fact
that the Soviets have made unreasonable
demands. The propaganda berates the United
States for being unyielding, accusing us of
acting in bad faith because we will not truly
engage in the "give and take" necessary in
such negotiations.
Most thoughtful people see through the
Soviet propaganda and say so; but the Soviets,
caring not a fg for "world opinion, " keep
hammering away. Large numbers of fools,
fatheads, pacifsts, and brainwashed liberals
are, however, deceived. They j oin the com
munist chorus, criticizing the United States
for refusing to "negotiate in good faith. "
American leaders ( sensitive, to the point
of nausea, to "world opinion") begin to wince
and apologize -and to make concessions.
After milking all possible propaganda
beneft out of the situation, the Soviets may
decide to enter into an agreement. If so, they
generally capture whatever is to be gained
from the approval of world opinion" by
making some meaningless concession which
our own ofcials help to puf up as something
important, in order to convince American
voters that our leaders have "driven a hard
bargain" with communists.
Once the U. S. -U. S. S. R. agreement is made
( either through formal treaty process, or by
the informal means of verbal acknowledge-
ment as in the case of the three-year ban
on nuclear testing which began in October,
1 9 5 8 ) , we are, of course, bound by the terms
of it. The Soviets do not consider themselves
bound at all.
As a matter of policy, they violate the
terms of the agreement they have made
sometimes openly, to show arrogant contempt
for us, as in their immediate and continuous
violations of the Korean armistice agreement
made in July, 1 9 5 3 ; sometimes surrepti
tiously, as in their violations of the nuclear
test ban agreement of October, 1 9 5 8 .
Lven if we should, eventually, repudiate
the agreement because of Soviet violations,
we have been ( during the period of our com
pliance) hobbled by it, while the Soviets feel
free to do whatever the agreement was in
tended to keep them from doing.
The Soviet technique of negotiating and
propagandizing United States leaders into sur
rendering the vital interests of our country
have been particularly harmful in the area
of disarmament. Indeed, the record proves
that unless the American people can some
how manage, through their Congress, to
reverse present, settled trends, we are headed
toward total surrender of the United States
to a communist-controlled world super-state
system.
A Brief Chronology
In December, 1 94 5 , the foreign mlmster
of Great Britain and the U. S. Secretary of
State met with the Soviet foreign minister in
Moscow to discuss disarmament. They agreed
to sponsor, at the frst session of the UN
General Assembly, a resolution creating an
international Atomic Energy Commission. (3)
The resolution was introduced -and was
adopted by the frst session of the UN General
Assembly, meeting in London, on January 24,
1 946. The Atomic Energy Commission was
empowered to make proposals concerning the
Page 141
elimination, or control, of atomic weapons
-and to make recommendations concerning
international exchange of scientifc informa
tion. Bernard M. Baruch was the frst United
States Representative on the international
Atomic Energy Commission. (3)
On March 2 8 , 1 946, Dean G. Acheson and
David Lilienthal submitted a report, out
lining United States proposals for the interna
tional control and sharing of atomic energy
knowledge and materials. Baruch was given
some leeway to revise the proposals before
formally submitting them, on behalf of the
United States government, to the United
Nations.
Ln June 1 4, 1 946, Baruch submitted to
the Atomic Energy Commission the United
States proposals -which came to be known
as the Baruch Plan" and the Baruch-Lilien
thal Plan. "
The Baruch plan proposed the creation of
a new International Atomic Development
Authority, which, operating under the broad
control of the United Nations General As
sembly, would have absolute "control, or
ownership, of all atomic-energy activities
potentially dangerous to world security" ; and
would have the "power to control, inspect,
and license all other atomic activities. " The
new Authority could seize and dispose of all
existing atomic bombs, prohibit further man
ufacture of bombs, and prescribe "serious"
penalties against any nation for violating
regulations issued by the Authority.
The Baruch plan also suggested total dis
armament ( elimination not only of atomic
weapons, but of all conventional weapons and
military forces ) - to be achieved in stages. ( 3 )
On July 1 9, 1 946, Andrei A. Gromyko
presented the proposal of the Soviet Union.
The Soviet plan ignored the Baruch proposal
for total disarmament ; but, insofar as it con
cerned atomic disarmament, the Soviet plan
was virtually identical with the Baruch plan.
There was, however, one essential diference
in approach. Whereas the Baruch plan called
for a new International Atomic Energy Au
thority to operate under the control of the
UN General Assembly, the Soviets wanted
the old Atomic Energy Commission to handle
atomic energy afairs, under control of the
UN Security Council. (4)
he Soviets were short sighted. They
wanted a UN agency which could strip the
United States of its atomic weapons, since
they were years behind us at that time and
knew that the agency would not limit their
own plans for research and development.
They did not foresee, however, the day ( now
arrived) when they and their "neutralist"
friends could control the UN General As
sembly. They wanted control of atomic
energy centered in the UN Security Council
where they had a veto, fearing that the UN
General Assembly might make a decision they
did not like.
It seems more than likely that the United
States would have modifed the Baruch plan
enough to meet all objections ofered by the
Soviets. This was never done, however, largely
because Congress ( despite the large and pow
erful , peace claque of liberals which it con
tained) refected the deeper instincts of the
nation: namely that the Baruch plan, modi
fed or not, was a blueprint for the surrender
of our national independence.
A. time marched on, the Soviets became
less interested in the Baruch plan, because
they had begun to catch up with us in atomic
research and development -thanks to our
voluntary de-emphasis of activity in this
feld; to the atom spies who delivered our
maj or secrets to the Soviets ; and to German
scientists whom we had permitted the Soviets
to kidnap and take to Russia.
On January 1 1 , 1 9 5 2, the UN General
Assembly, at the urging of the United States,
created a Disarmament Commission to study
and supervise the problem of general dis
armament ; but the propaganda for inter-
Page 142
national control" of atomic energy subtly
changed. There was less and less emphasis on
controlling atomic energy, more emphasis on
the "have" nations sharing their atomic
energy knowledge and materials with the
h "
.
(4)
ave-not natIOns.
By the middle of President Eisenhower's
frst year in ofce ( 1 9 5 3 , , "diversion of
nuclear materials from military use to peace
ful purposes" had become the cardinal theme
of nuclear disarmament propaganda. Com
munists emphasized this theme, of course,
because, in communist dialectics, it meant
giving United States' nuclear materials away
abroad so that the United States could not
use them for military purposes, while the
Soviets could concentrate on military use for
their nuclear materials.
In December, 1 9 5 3 , President Eisenhower
( with his atoms for peace" plan) gave a
great boost to this "diversion of nuclear ma
terials" scheme.
In an "Atoms For Peace" speech to the
United Nations General Assembly on Decem
ber 8 , 1 9 5 3 , President Eisenhower recom
mended that the UN create an International
Atomic Energy Agency, to which all govern
ments producing atomic energy could make
contributions of normal uranium and fssion
able materials.
The UN agency would store the materials
and allocate them around the world ( to na
tions not producing such materials ) for
f I (4
)
peace u uses.
Almost three years later -on October 2 3 ,
1 9 5 6 -the General Assembly of the UN
approved a charter for the atomic energy
agency which Eisenhower had recommended.
Three days later -October 2 6, 1 9 5 6, before
any nation had had opportunity to ratify the
charter -President Eisenhower pledged the
United States to give the new agency, im
mediately, 5 , 000 kilograms ( 1 1 , 000 pounds )
of Uranium 2 3 5 ; and, after that, to match
combined contributions of all other nations
on earth.
At the time, the estimated production cost
of 1 1 , 000 pounds of uranium 2 3 5 was 1 1 0
million dollars. ( 5 ) Without consulting Con
gress ( indeed, before the International
Atomic Energy Agency charter had even been
submitted to the Senate for approval of
American membership) President Eisenhower
promised to start the international atom bank
of with a gift of 1 1 0 million dollars worth of
Uranium 2 3 5 , and promised that United
States' gifts would stay at least that far ahead
of the gifts of all other nations put together.
he late Senator Joseph McCarthy fought
hard against Senate ratifcation of the IAEA
charter, predicting that communists would
take the thing over and use it against us.
The Senate Atomic Energy committee held
hearings -receiving abundant and repeated
assurances from the State Department and
from the Atomic Energy Commission that
there was no possibility of communists taking
over the new agency. The parade of witnesses
from the executive branch of government
virtually guaranteed that the International
Atomic Energy Agency, being an American
idea, would always be run the way the United
States wanted.
Internationalist supporters of the IAEA
were scornful of McCarthyites for suggesting
that the President and the State Department
and the Atomic Energy Commission would
recommend anything dangerous for America.
The Senate ratifed the IAEA charter on
June 1 8 , 1 9 5 7, by a vote of 67 to 1 9. The
agency came into being on July 29, 1 9 5 7,
when 1 8 nations had ratifed the charter. By
the end of October, 1 9 5 7, communist-bloc
nations had gained control of the Interna
tional Atomic Energy Agency, and the
United States State Department was profess-
.
b '
"
d' " d " b d , ,(6) mg to e m Ignant an pertur e .
Almost simultaneously with the capture
of the International Atomic Energy Agency,
the Soviets ( October, 1 9 5 7, , launched the
Page 143
frst man-made earth satellite, thus dazzling
the world with their achievements in nuclear,
and related, research.
Since then, frightful events have taken the
United States to the very brink of national
surrender. We are on that brink now. The
Kennedy Administration, under the guise of
promoting world peace, has already planned
the surrender.
Administration spokesmen insist that no
international agreement concerning disarma
ment will be made without specifc approval
of the United States Senate. But past be
havior, developed plans, and known attitude
of the Kennedy Administration indicate
otherwise.
The machinery is already established for
Kennedy ( if and when he fnds just the right
crisis") to surrender the armed forces ( and,
therefore, the national independence) of the
United States to a communist-dominated
world organization.
êxt week: details.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) The Test Ba,,: AlI Americall Strategy 0/ Gradual Self-Mutilation,
by Stefan T. Possony, Congressiollal Record, March 2 1 , 1 963 , pp.
4 3 5 8-70
(2 ) "Foreword," by U. S. Senator James O. Eastland (Demorat, Missis
sippi) , to Soviet Political Agreemellts and Results, a Staf Study,
Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee,
May 2 1 , 1 95 6, p. VIII
( 3 ) The United States and the United Notiom: Report by the President
to the Congress for the Year 1 946. Department of State publication
No. 273 5 , February 5, 1 947, pp. 44- 5 3 ; 1 69-94
( 4) Review of the United Nations Charter, A Coliection of Documents,
Subcommittee on the United Nations Charter of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, January 7, 1 954, pp. 43 6-42 ; 45 0- 5 9 ; 474- 80
( 5 ) U.S. News 1 World Report, December 3 , 1 9 54
( 6) "Reds Grab Key Jobs In World Atom Agency," by Robert S. Allen,
Tbe Tablet, Brooklyn, New York, November 2, 1 95 7
Smoot Report.
Page 144
M
Itl Smoot Report
Vol. 9
,
No. 19 ( Broadcast 404) May 1 3
,
1963 Dallas
,
Texas
DAN SMOOT
DI SARMAME NT - PART I I
If the United States had an efective defense against enemy missiles
,
communists could
not blackmail us with threats of nuclear destruction. We would not need to engage in an
armaments race, or bankrupt ourselves with defense expenditures. We could maintain a
small professional establishment of conventionally armed military forces -as was once
American tradition -and thus defend our nation without converting it into a police
state, through taxation and controls, and compulsory peacetime conscription.
But an efective anti-missile missile -the most desperately needed weapon in this century
-is the weapon we do not have. Ofcialdom says American prospects of developing such
a weapon are virtually non-existent -but admits that the Soviets may be on the point of
developing one, if they do not already have it. ( 1 )
Our Sui cide Strategy
here is evidence that American ofcialdom does not want the United States to have an
efective defense against missiles. Such evidence can be found in the State Department
disarmament plan ( presented to the United Nations in September, 1 96 1 ) which stresses
the outlawing of anti-missile weapons, and the outlawing of research and testing intended
to produce such weapons. ( 2
)
In a treatise entitled The Test Ban: An American Strategy of Gradual 5elf-Mutilation,
Dr. Stefan T. Possony ( of the Hoover Institute ) also presented evidence that American
ofcialdom does not want this nation to possess an adequate defense against missiles.
Dr. Possony said:
Mr. [William C. ] Foster's statement . . . discloses the true attitude of the administration
to antimissile defense: they just don't want it."( 3 )
Page 145
Foster ( a member of the Council on For
eign Relations ) is head of the Disarmament
Agency.
In a broadcast on The Manion Forum,
United States Senator Strom Thurmond said
the Defense Department has already made a
decision:
HT 0 postpone the production and deploy
ment of an anti-missile defense system until
1 970 or later, if, indeed, we are ever per
mitted to deploy an anti-missile system.
,,
(
4)
LKtensive testing of nuclear weapons
especially in the atmosphere -is necessary
for research to develop a defense against
missiles. ( 3)
Yet, in the interest of negotiating with the
Soviets, the Eisenhower and Kennedy Admin
istrations forfeited the security interests of
their own country and, for more than four
years, gave the Soviets unchallenged monop
oly in the feld of nuclear testing.
his was done with full knowledge that
there is no possibility of developing an inspec
tion system to detect and identify "illegal"
tes ti ng of nucl ear weapons , even i f t he
Soviets should agree t o outlaw testing and
should accept an international inspection
system which we specifed. ( 3)
Suppose that a ban" on nuclear testing
were in efect, with an international inspec
tion system operating; and suppose the system
detected a major high-altitude nuclear explo
sion somewhere above the Pacifc Ocean. At
best, it would take several days for the system
to correlate all data and determine the exact
latitude and longitude of the explosion. By
the time international inspectors reached the
scene, what would they fnd? Nothing! Sub
marines which fred the tests would be gone.
Communist propaganda would accuse the
United States of making the shot. Our ofcials
would make denials. There would be charges
and counter-charges in the United Nations.
The wrangle would be protracted for weeks,
while the Soviets prepared for another sneak
shot somewhere over the Atlantic Ocean.
A ware of all this -and aware also of the
unassailable proof that it is folly to negotiate
with the Soviets at all, because treaty-break
ing is a matter of policy and strategy with
them(5) -Eisenhower and Kennedy, during
a critical period, prohibited the nuclear test
ing which might have developed a defensive
weapon to save this country.
The only ofcial reason for the prohibition
was that we must show ttgood faith" during
negotiations with the Soviets !
The Ei senhower Record
Ln March 3 1 , 1 9 5 8 , Andrei Gromyko,
Soviet Foreign Minister, announced that the
Soviet Union was halting all testing of nuclear
weapons ; and he called upon other nations,
possessing such weapons, also to stop testing,
in the interest of "peace and security for all
peoples.
, ,
(
6
) Why? The Soviets had j ust fnished
a series of tests ; it would take them a year or
more to correlate and evaluate all information
thus produced; and in the interim they could
not proftably do any more testing. Gromyko's
announcement, in other words, was a trick
designed either to stop United States nuclear
testing or to give the Soviets some propaganda
fodder against us if we did not stop.
Ofcials of the Eisenhower State Depart
ment correctly called the Soviet plea a fraud,
but challenged the Soviets to approach the
subj ect in "an orderly way," through negoti
ations to work out a supervised suspension of
nuclear testing.
(7)
or years , t he communi s t peace"
ofensive had prepared for this situation.
Organizations of nuclear scientists, controlled
by communist fronters ; and "peace" organi
zations composed of preachers, teacherst and
professional liberals of all kinds, ha been
drenching the American public with horror
stories about the dangers of fall-out from
nuclear testing.
Gromyko's announcement on March 3 1,
1 9 5 8 , put the peace" organizations into high
Page 146
gear. For seven months, leftwing thunder for
"banning the bomb" was deafening -until
October 3 1 , 1 9 5 8 , when the United States
and the Soviet Union met for "test ban talks, "
and agreed to suspend all testing of nuclear
weapons, without inspections, while the talks
cont i nued. Ei s enhower ordered a ha l t to
United States testing, accepting Khrushchev's
uns upported promi s e t ha t he woul d do
likewise. (8)
Week after week, month after month, year
after year, the test ban talks" continued,
fruitlessly. The Soviets, busy assimilating
information already produced by tests, did
not need to make any nuclear shots in the
atmosphere; but -as the whole world was
aware -they went right ahead with under
ground shots and any other testing they
pleased, ignoring their agreement to halt all
tests for the duration of the negotiations.
Eisenhower kept the agreement, however,
permitting no more American testing during
the remainder of his administration.
Dreary communiques from Geneva about
another non-productive session of the ((test
ban talks" often seemed timed, with sardonic
humor, to coincide with other events which
underscored the absurdity of the talks. For
example, on August 3 , 1 9 5 9, a report from
Geneva revealed that the 1 1 8 th "test ban"
meeting between representatives of the United
States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain
was deadlocked. On that same day, the White
Hous e announced t hat Ei s enhower ha d
agreed to a personal exchange of visits with
Khrushchev. (9)
hrushchev was in the United States on
September 1 7, 1 9 5 9, when Sel wyn Lloyd,
British Foreign Secretary, spoke to the UN
General Assembly urging total disarmament
in three stages :
( 1 ) an international agreement fxing a
date for disarmament and size and quality
of national forces that would be left after
disarmament, and deciding on the quantity
and kind of -eapons for an international
army; ( 2 ) progressive steps in disarming
nations and in arming the international army;
( 3 ) fnal national disarmament, with re
arming outlawed, and a fully established
international army to enforce the peace, con
trol national military budgets, space explo
ration, and so on.
(
1
0
)
Selwyn Lloyd demanded efective inspec
tion to insure compliance" at every stage in
the plan; yet he proposed that inspection con
trol would be established after disarmament.
So, in efect, Selwyn Lloyd recommended
total disarmament without inspection.
(
1
0
)
The next day -September 1 8 , 1 9 5 9 -
Khruschev also spoke to the UN General
Assembly, and recommended total disarma
ment without inspection.
(
1 1)
One month later -October 1 8 , 1 9 5 9 -
Francis O. Wilcox, Assistant Secretary of
State for International Organization Afairs
( and member of the Council on Foreign
Relations ) , speaking to the Greater Miami
Association for the United Nations, said that
the problem of determining which should
come frst, disarmament or controls, is as baf
fing as the old riddle about which came frst,
the chicken or the egg.
(12)
Ln March 1 5 , 1 960, fve Western powers
and fve Soviet bloc powers met at Geneva
for general disarmament talks. These were in
addition to the "nuclear test ban talks" which
had been going on at Geneva since October,
1 9 5 8 .
(
1
3
)
On May 1 2, 1 960, United States Senator
Thomas J. Dodd ( Democrat, Connecticut)
made a speech to the United States Senate
saymg:
((Before it is too late, we must call of the
[nuclear test] ban. At stake is the preserva
tion of peace and the survival of our nation
and of freedom on this earth. Our guileless
approach to the moratorium places us in
mortal peril, for it rests on blind trust in
the honesty of the Kremlin, a dictatorship
with a shocking record of violations of its
pledges.
( tSome American experts are convinced
that the Soviets are already testing secretly.
No one can seriously doubt that they will
do so whenever it suits them.
,,
(
14)
In June, 1 96 0, the Soviets walked out of
Page 147
the Geneva "test ban talks, " and stayed away
for several months.
( 1
3 )
On September 22, 1 960, in a speech to the
UN General Assembly, President Eisenhower
gently reproved the Soviets for not entering
into disarmament agreements, and rebuked
them for walking out of the "test ban talks, "
pleading with them to come back for more.
( 1
3)
Eisenhower's plea set the stage for the
Soviets who, the next day ( September 2 3 ,
1 960 ) , presented to the U ni ted Nations their
plan for total, world-wide disarmament ( the
same plan which Khrushchev had presented to
the UN a year before) .
( 1
3)
The Kennedy Record
ennedy, inaugurated President in 1 9 6 1 ,
continued the ban on American nuclear test
ing ; and he appointed Paul Nitze to be
Assistant Secretary of Defense, and Walt W.
Rostow to be Deputy Special Assistant to the
President for National Security Afairs. It
later became known that these two high
ofcials of the Kennedy Administration
( together with others from the Council on
Foreign Relations, whose members occupy
key positions in the Kennedy Administration)
had lectured, almost a year before, to a
National Strategy Seminar at Asilomar Con
ference Grounds on the Monterey Peninsula,
in California.
The general argument of lectures which
Rostow and Nitze, and the others, gave at
the Strategy Seminar was that the United
States cannot win a nuclear war; that con
tinued attempts to produce nuclear superi
ority will spur the Soviets to do likewise and
thus increase the danger of a holocaust ; that
we should, therefore, de-emphasize nuclear
weapons on the theory that the Soviets will
follow our lead ; that we should build up our
convent i onal mi l i t ary power in order t o
increase our capacity to fght in limited wars ;
and that we should work toward some form
of world government strong enough to elimi-
1 h
( 1
5
)
nate wars a toget er.
aul Nitze told the Strategy Seminar that
the United States should begin disarmament
wi t hout requi ri ng dis a rmament of ot her
nations, i n the hope that our action would
"produce reciprocal action on the part of our
allies and also on the part of our enemies. "
Nitze said we should stop all eforts to build
a Class A nuclear capability, which could
strike frst or take ofensive action: and that
we should build purely retaliatory defense
systems, and then surrender command of those
systems to international authority. He pro
posed that we make this surrender by giving
NATO command of our Strategic Air Com
mand, and by notifying the United Nations
that NATO will turn over to the UN the
ultimate power of decision on the use of
A l '
( 1
5
)
mencan reta la tory systems.
After Nitze became Kennedy's Assistant
Secretary of Defense, and the public found
out what his real "defense policy" is, alarmed
c i ti zens wr ot e Wa s hi ngt o n ofci al dom
demanding explanation. Ofcial explanations
from Washington included :
( 1 ) flat denials that Nitze had ever made
such a proposal ; ( 2 ) assertions that Nitze
did not really mean that he wanted SAC to
be made a NATO command; ( 3 ) explana
tions that in making such a proposal, Nitze
was really suggesting that such a thing
should not be done -that he was merely
throwing it out as a ugrand fallacy"; ( 4)
explanations that Nitze's proposal had no
ofcial standing, because Nitze was not a
member of the Administration when the pro
posal was made.
Dr. Lawrence G. Osborne, Santa Barbara,
California, got replies from two Washington
ofcials : one from Timothy W. Stanley
( Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary
of Defense for International Security Afairs )
saying that a proposal to turn SAC over to
NATO was not under consideration by the
Kennedy Administration; another from Vice
President Lyndon B. Johnson, saying:
The proposal that the Strategic Air Com
mand be placed under the over-all adminis
tration and command of NATO is one which
is being given a great deal of thought and
deliberation. "
Page 148
L.March 2 3 , 1 9 6 1 , a "briefng" session
on disarmament was held at the State Depart
ment. About 7 5 persons attended, represent
ing such organizations as the United World
Federalists, Americans for Democratic Action,
Women' s International League for Peace,
American Association for the United Nations,
Federation of American Scientists, Twentieth
Century Fund, UAW-CIO, and the General
Federation of Women's Groups.
Mr. E. A. Gullion, Deputy Director of the
Disarmament Administration ( and a member
of the Council on Foreign Relations ) presided.
He urged the groups to propagandize for the
establishment of a permanent Disarmament
Agency under the control of the State Depart
ment, and not answerable to Congress. An
agency free of congressional controls would
have more latitude for doing what it felt
necessary in the feld of disarmament, Mr.
Gullion explained, pointing out that it is
"difcult to work under the 1 8th century
Constitution. "
.
On March 2 8 , 1 9 6 1 , President Kennedy
sent to Congress a defense message modeled
on a confdential memorandum submitted to
hi m by hi s Deput y As s i s t ant , Wa l t W.
Rostow, who had had a private meeting in
Moscow with Vasily V. Kuznetsov. Rostow
told President Kennedy that the Soviets do
not think Americans really want disarma
ment, because we continue to build a "frst
strike" capability against the Soviet Union.
Rostow recommended that we allay Soviet
suspicions by de-emphasizing ofensive weap
ons and by emphasizing defensive weapons.
On March 3 0, 1 9 6 1 , the Chicago Sun-Times
published a story headlined: Inside Story Of
A Big Switch: Kennedy's Defense Strategy
Tailored To Ease Red Fears. The story was
written in Washington by Thomas B. Ross,
who commented on the relationship between
Kennedy's defense program and the Rostow
memorandum, saying:
HThe similarities in the statements of Ros
tow and Mr. Kennedy were no coincidence.
It is known that large sections of the Presi
dent's defense message were written explicitly
for the consumption of top Russian ofcials.
Moreover
,
on the recommendation of
Charles E. Bohlen
,
the State Department's
leading expert on Russia
,
certain communist
phraseology was inserted in the message . . . .
HThat much of the defense message was
directed to the Soviet leaders is evident in
the fact that Llewellyn E. Thompson
,
Jr.
,
Ambassador to Russia
,
was given a special
briefng on it B B B The message will now be
forwarded to him in Moscow so he can reas
sure Soviet ofcials that the United States
is taking care not to produce a frst-strike
capability. '
Emphasis on a second-strike' capability
ran through all the White House meetings
on the message. Most of the sessions were
directed by Mr. Kennedy's chief aide
,
Theo
dore Sorensen
,
who repeatedly made it clear
that the President wanted to avoid provoc
ative
,
ofensive weapons. "
Lharles Bohlen, who recommended com
munist phraseology" in Kennedy's defense
message, is a member of the Council on Foreign
Relations. Another key fgure in Kennedy's
defense-disarmament planning is Dr. Jerome
Bert Wiesner, also a member of the Council
on Foreign Relations. Here is information
about Wiesner, from The New York Times
Magazine:
Dr. Jerome Bert Wiesner
,
a former pro
fes s or at the Mas s achus etts Ins ti tute of
Technology . . . . is the top planner
,
arbitrator
and counselor of scientifc policy within the
Government
,
and
,
thus
,
throughout the
scientifc community at l arge . . . . Wiesner
oversees the operations of all scientifcally
oriented agencies
,
such as the Defense Depart
ment
,
Atomi c Energy Commi ssi on and
National Science Foundation . . . .
H[He] operates behind a wall of White
House secrecy
,
somewhat to the dismay of
Congress which would like to be privy to his
scientifc policy advice . . . .
(Before joining the Administration
,
Wiesner
made no secret of his belief that the United
States at times had been almost as much to
blame as the Soviet Union for blocking agree
ment on arms-control measures . . . .
One of the principal obstacles standing
in the way of disarmament
,
in Wiesner's
opinion
,
is a communications block' between
the two sides . . . .
Page 149
It was largely because of his desire to
break down the (communications block' that
Wiesner last fall took the potentially impolitic
step of going to Moscow to attend a non
governmental conference of East-West scien
tists on disarmament.
,,
( 16
)
Ln May 2 5 , 1 9 6 1 , President Kennedy, in
a special message to Congress, asked for estab
lishment of a disarmament agency. ( 17) This
was the frst formal step toward the agency
which the March 2 3 , 1 96 1 , State Department
"briefng" of leftwing leaders had prepared
the propaganda campaign for.
On June 2 3 , 1 9 6 1 , John J. McCloy, Special
Adviser to the President on Disarmament
( and a member of the Council on Foreign
Relations ) , sent to the President a draft of
a bill to create the new agency. In his letter
of transmittal to the President, McCloy
revealed that the fundamental purpose of the
Disarmament Agency is to work for world
government. (17)
On June 29, 1 9 6 1 , President Kennedy sent
McCloy's proposed Bill to the Congress. In his
letter of transmittal, the President also revealed
that the purpose of the Bill was not only to
work toward elimination of national arma
ments, but to "strengthen international insti
tutions" into world government. ( 17)
On August 1 5 , 1 9 6 1 , four former high
ofcials in the Eisenhower Administration
Christian A. Herter, Thomas S. Gates, Gen
eral Alfred M. Gruenther, and Henry Cabot
Lodge ( all members of the Council on Foreign
Relations ) -testifed before a Senate Foreign
Relations Subcommittee in support of Presi
dent Kennedy's Disarmament Agency. Lodge
urged that the Western powers also set up a
"unifed diplomatic command" so that our
"decision- making machinery" will not be
cumbersome. ( 1
8
)
Former President Eisenhower wrote a letter
strongly endorsing the proposed agency. ( 1
8
)
Ln August 3 0, 1 9 6 1 , the Soviet Union
abruptly announced that it would resume
massive testing of nuclear weapons. ( 1 7
)
The
moratorium which the Soviets had asked for
in 1 9 5 8 was at last to end: they had com
pleted their analyses of the 1 9 5 8 tests and
were ready for another series.
One i nteres ti ng as pect of the Sovi et
announcement is that i t came on the eve of a
meeting of 24 "neutral" nations at Belgrade,
Yugoslavia. Ostensibly, a major purpose of
the meeting was to underscore the neutral
nations' oft-repeated plea for major powers
to stop testing nuclear weapons. The oddly
timed Soviet announcement looked like a
deliberate afront. The liberal press of Amer
ica predicted that this arrogant act would
outrage the neutralist leaders gathering at
Belgrade and would, thus, backfre on the
Soviets.
But when the neutralist leaders gathered,
they expressed sympathy for the Soviet Union,
and blamed the United States for causing the
Soviets to resume nuclear testing. ( 19)
The 24 neutral nations, whose leaders took
this action, had all received ( and are still
receiving) great quantities of aid from the
United States , little or nothing from the
Soviet Union. (19)
he announced Soviet plan to resume
nuclear testing did not slow down the Amer
ican drive for disarmament. On September
2 3 , 1 9 6 1 , the House of Representatives
authorized a fnal version of The Arms Con
trol and Disarmament Act of 1 9 6 1 ( HR
9 1 1 8 , Public Law 8 7- 297) , to establish an
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
Just as E. A. Gullion had demanded at the
State Department briefng six months before,
the Agency was set up free of congressional
controls.
The Arms Control and Disarmament Act
of 1 9 6 1 confers upon the Director of the new
Disarmament Agency broad authority ( under
the general supervision of the President and
the Secretary of State) to do j ust about any
thing the Director may claim to be in the
interest of peace and arms control. The Direc
tor can formulate United States disarmament
policies, conduct negotiations with foreign
powers and international organizations, com-
Page 1 50
mand the services of other federal agencies,
obtain restricted information from the Atomic
Energy Commission-and enjoy specifc ex
emptions from laws written by Congress. For
example, Section 43 of Title IV of the Act
says :
The President may, in advance, exempt
actions of the Director from the provisions
of law relating to contracts or expenditures
of Government funds whenever he determines
that such action is essential in the interest of
United States arms control and disarmament
and security policy."
Only in Section 3 3 of Title III of Public
Law 87-297 did Congress insert a provision
indicating an intent to retain, in Congress,
some control over policies and programs de
vised by the Director of the Disarmament
Agency. A clause in Section 3 3 provides :
That no action shall be taken under this
or any other law that will obligate the United
States to disarm or to reduce or to limit the
Armed Forces or armaments of the United
States, except pursuant to the treaty making
power of the President under the Constitu
tion, or unless authorized by further afrm
ative legislation by the Congress of the United
States."
This provision is meaningless, because mod
ern ( and incorrect) Supreme Court interpre
tations of the Constitution hold that the
treaty making power of the President"
includes the power to enter into executive
agreements with foreign nations -without
the advice and consent
,
or even the knowl
edge, of the United States Senate.
(
20)
Ln September 2 5 , 1 9 6 1 -two days after
the Arms Control and Disarmament Act of
1 9 6 1 was passed in the House -Adlai Ste
venson presented, to the 1 6th General Assem
bly of the United Nations, the American plan
for total world-wide disarmament. This Amer
ican plan ( almost identical with the plan
which the Soviet Union had submitted to the
UN on September 2 3 , 1 9 6 0 )
(
2
1 )
would
transfer control of United States nuclear
weapons to the United Nations, restrict the
American military esablishment to the size
and kind needed for control of the American
population, and prohibit us from possessing or
even trying to develop a defense against weap
ons of mass destruction.
(
2.2
1 )
Senator Strom Thurmond ( Democrat,
South Carolina) made several speeches i n the
latter part of 1 9 6 1 , sharply criticizing the
State Department plan to surrender American
nuclear weapons to the UN. Although the
plan had been formally presented to the UN
and the text published in an ofcial State
Department pamphlet, Washington ofcials,
when receiving inquiries from the public,
fatly denied that the plan existed. Here are
passages from a typical ofcial letter of denial
-this one written by John E. Carland,
Director of Special Activities, Ofce of the
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public
Afairs, to Mrs. W. M. Walters in Spokane,
Washington:
((This is in reference to your recent com
munication relative to reports that the United
States is considering turning over nuclear
weapons or information about such weapons
to the United Nations.
The Department of Defense has received
other similar letters, apparently stemming
from erroneous articles that have appeared
in some newspapers. The Defense Department
has no such plans and we know of no govern
ment proposal which would involve turning
nuclear weapons or information about them
over to the United Nations."
Uy the end of 1 96 1 , plans for disarming
the United States ( and, thus, surrendering
her sovereignty) were formulated and an
nounced. In 1 962, as will be shown in this
Report next week, came further development
of the plans -chiefly in the form of con
cessions to entice Soviet agreement.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Article by Fred Farris, New York Herald Tribune News Service,
dateline Washington, in The San Francisco Examiner, March 1 2, 1 962
( 2 ) The American plan for total disarmament was published in Septem
ber, 1 9 6 1 , by the Government Printing Ofce as State Department
Publication 7277, entitled Freedom From War: The Ulited 'tates
Program for General a1d Complete Disarmament i1l a Peacef"l World.
Here are passages from the ofcial text:
"The Nations of the world . . . set forth as the objectives of a
program of general and complete disarmament . . .
ctThe elimination from national arsenals of all armaments, includ
ing all weapons of mass destruction and the means for their delivery,
other than those required for a United Nations Peace Force and for
maintaining internal order; = . .
Page 1 5 1
"As states relinquish their arms, the United Nations shall be
progressively strengthened . . . .
"STAGE I . . . .
"An International Disarmament Organization (IDO) shall be
established within the framework of the United Nations . . . .
"Strategic nuclear weapons delivery vehicles in specifed categories
and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles shall
be reduced to agreed levels . . . . The reduction shall be accomplished
. . . by transfers to depots supervised by the IDO . . . .
"Production of agreed categories of strategic nuclear weapons
delivery vehicles and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such
vehicles shall be discontinued or limited.
"Testing of agreed categories of strategic nuclear weapons delivery
vehicles and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles
shall be limited or halted . . . .
"STAGE II . . . .
"Further reductions in the stocks of strategic nuclear weapons
delivery vehicles and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such
vehicles shall be carried out . . . .
"During Stage II, states shall develop further the peace-keeping
processes of the United Nations, to the end that the United Nations
can efectively in Stage III deter or suppress any threat or use of force
in violation of the purposes and principles of the United Nations . . . .
The U.N. Peace Force shall be established and progressively strength
ened . . . .
"STAGE III . . . .
"In Stage III, progressive controlled disarmament . . . would pro
ceed to a point where no state would have the military power to
challenge the progressively strengthened U.N. Peace Force . . . .
HStates would retain only those forces, non-nuclear armaments,
and establishments required for the purpose of maintaining internal
order; they would also support and provide agreed manpower for
U. N. Peace Force.
"The U.N. Peace Force, equipped with agreed types and quantities
of armaments, would be fully functioning.
"The manufacture of armaments would be prohibited except for
those of agreed types and quantities to be used by the U.N. Peace
Force and those required to maintain internal order . . . . "
( 3 ) The Test Ban: An American Strategy of Gradual Sel/-Mutilation, by
Stefan T. Possony, Congressiollal Record, March 2 1 , 1 963 pp. 4 3 5 8-70
( 4) "Are We Trying To Lose The Cold War?" by U. S. Senator Strom
Thurmond ( Democrat, South Carolina) , Weekly Broadcast No. 447,
The Manion Forum, South Bend, Indiana, April 2 1 , 1 963
( 5 ) Soviet Political Agreemell/s and ReSlts, a Staf Study, Internal
Security Subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee,
May 2 1 , 1 9 5 6
( 6 ) "Text of Gromyko Announcement of the Soviet Decision to Suspend
Nuclear Tests," Reuters dispatch from London, The New York Times,
April 1 , 1 9 5 8 , pp. 1 4- 1 5
(7) "U.S. Statement on the Soviet Decision," AP dispatch from Washing
ton, The New York Times, April 1, 1 9 5 8, p. 1 5
( 8 ) Special to the Times, The New York Times, October 3 1 , 1 9 5 8, p. 1 ;
and Special to the Times from Geneva by Drew Middleton, The New
York Times, November 1 , 1 9 5 8, pp. 1, 3
( 9) "Khrushchev Coming to U.S. Next Month," Special to the Times
from Washington by Felix Belair, Jr., The New York Times, August
4, 1 9 5 9, pp. 1, 3 ; and "Nuclear Talks Proceed: 3 Powers Reiterate
Stands on Controls in Geneva," Special to the Times from Geneva,
The New York Times, August 4, 1 95 9, p. 3
( 1 0 ) "Lloyd Remarks," Special to the Times from the UN, The New York
Times, September 1 8, 1 95 9, pp. 4-5
( 1 1 ) "Text of Premier Khrushchev's Address to the United Nations General
Assembly," and "Text of Soviet Government Declaration Proposing
Complete Disarmament," The New York Times, September 1 9, 1 95 9,
pp. 8-9, 1 2
( 1 2 ) "U.S. Said Willing To Equal Soviet Disarmament Steps," UPI dispatch
from Miami Beach, Dnrham (North Carolilla) Morning Herald,
October 1 9, 1 959
( 1 3 ) Docnmellts on Disarmamellt, 1 960, State Department Publication
No. 7 1 72, July, 1 961 , pp. xii, 66, 1 3 1 , 2 2 5-9, 229-48
( 1 4) "The Summit and the Test Ban Fallacy," speech by U.S. Senator
Thomas J. Dodd (Democrat, Connecticut) , Congressional Record,
May 1 2, 1 960, pp. 941 2- 23
( 1 5 ) Proceedings of the Asilomar National St"J/egy Semillar, prepared by
Stanford Research Institute, sponsored by Sixth U.S. Army, Western
Sea Frontier, Fourth Air Force, April, 1 960; and "Idea Promoted:
Defeatism Big Danger," by Edith Kermit Rosevelt, The Dallas
MOYlling News, September 17, 1 961
( 1 6) "Top Scientist On The New Frontier," by John W. Finney, The
New York Times MagaZine, September 3 , 1 961 , pp. 8 H.
( 1 7) Docummts On Disarmament, 1 961 , United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency Publication No. 5 , August, 1 962, pp. 1 5 1 -61 ,
1 96-9, 2 1 4-27, 3 1 7- 5 0
( 1 8 ) Letter, U.S. Representative Walter Rogers (Democrat, Texas) in
support of Disarmament Agency, February 2, 1 963
( 1 9) "Text of the Declaration of Belgrade," The New York Times, Septem
ber 7, 1 961 , p. 8 ; "When 'Neutrals' get Together," U.S. News <
World Report, September I I , 1 96 1 , pp. 74 f.
( 20) Discussion of the Executive Agreement and its binding powers,
various Supreme Court decisions, contained in The COI/Untion 0/
the United States 0/ America, Allalysis alld Interpretali(, prepared
by the Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress, Edward S.
Corwin, Editor, U.S. Senate Document No. 1 70, 82d Congress, 2d
Session, 1 95 3 , pp. 434-45
( 2 1 ) "This Time, Russians Really Did It First," Ama.rillo (Texas) Daily
New" February 1 6, 1 963 , p. 4 - setting out, side by side, the Soviet
disarmament proposals of September 23 , 1 960; and the American
disarmament proposals of September 2 5 , 1 961
FILM. HENCE, WE HAVE 1 6 M SOUND FILM RECORDINGS COVERING
Born in Missouri, reared in Texas, Dan Smoot went to SMU in Dallas, getting BA and MA degrees in 1938 and
1940. In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
in American Civilization.
In 1942, he left Harvard and joined the FBI. As an FBI Agent, he worked for three and a half years on communist
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover on FBI headquar
ters staf in Washington; and almost four years on general FBI cases in various parts of the nation.
In 1951 , Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio and television
programs, Smoot spoke to a national audience, giving both sides of controversial issues.
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his present independent publishing and broadcasting business -a free
enterprise operation fnanced entirely by profits from sales : sales of The Dan Smoot Report, a weekly magazine;
and sales of a weekly news-analysis broadcast, to business frms, for use on radio and television as an advertising vehicle.
The Report and the broadcast give only one side in presenting documented truth about important issues -the side
that uses the American Constitution as a yardstick. The Report is available by subscription; and the broadcasts are
available for commercial sponsorship, anywhere in the United States.
If you think Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting socialism and communism, you can
help immensely -by helping him get more customers for his Report and broadcasts.
Page 152
.
M
111 Smoot le,ort
Vol. 9, No. 20 ( Broadcast 405 ) May 20, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
D I SARMAME NT - PART I I I
As early as 1 9 1 7, international communists began to use world-wide disarmament
propaganda as a means of attack against non-communist nations, particularly the United
States. To communists, world-wide disarmament does not mean elimination from the world
of all weapons of war. It means taking all weapons away from non-communists so that
they can ofer no resistance to communism.
Lenin said, and Khrushchev has repeated, that communists are contemptuous of pacifsm,
but can efectively use pacifsts in non-communist nations.
Pacifsts believe that war is horrible ; and every decent and sane person on earth agrees
with them. Pacifsts, however, are not willing to accept reality. Reality is that wars are
inevitable until human beings are better than they have ever been since Adam and Eve
were expelled from the Garden of Eden.
Human beings cannot be improved through legislation or disarmament pacts. They
certainly cannot be improved by having their weapons taken away from them.
Suppose non-communist nations could mlke an agreement with communist dictators
which resulted in the actual world-wide elimination of all modern weapons of war. What
would then prevent the hordes of Asia and Africa from overrunning the civilized world
with butcher knives ?
To avoid such a catastrophe, why not disarm all nations, but at the same time arm
an international authority to keep the peace? This would be worse than total disarmament
without an armed authority to enforce order. Any agency with enough authority to
police the world, and with a monopoly of weapons, will enslave and oppress the world.
That fact also derives from the nature of man. Civilized people stripped of weapons
Page 1 53
would, at least, have a better chance to defend
themselves against lawless and ravaging hordes
than to defend themselves against an inter
national authority armed with modern weap
ons, and in control of the world.
Men will become good" enough to refrain
from warring on each other only when, and
if, all men accept for themselves the saving
grace that God ofers. Meanwhile, it behooves
all nations ( most especially civilized Western
nations whose culture is founded on faith in
God) to maintain whatever weaponry is nec
essary to protect their civilization against all
threats, within or without.
U
efore the councils of the world, there
are, at present, two basic proposals for so-called
world-wide disarmament : the Soviet. govern
ment's proposal and the American govern
ment's proposal.
The Soviet government pretends to want
world-wide disarmament without a strong
international authority to keep the peace. Even
if the communist proposal were honest ( which
it most certainly is not) , it would eventuate
in the catastrophe of a defenseless civilized
world being overrun by hordes of barbarians.
The American government wants total dis
armament of all nations, with an international
authority armed and empowered to enforce
the peace -a plan which would eventuate in
a universal, all -powerful dictatorship even
more horrible than anarchy.
Mow we arrived at the point where the
nations of the world are seriously considering
these two alternatives for disaster is an amaz
ing story -parts of which are sketched in the
two previous issues of this Report.
A Review
he testing of nuclear explosions -in the
air, under ground, under water, and in
space -is necessary for research to develop
nuclear weapons, particularly defensive weap
ons : anti-missile missiles, for example. Each
nuclear explosion produces a mass of new
information which is useless until it has been
studied, evaluated, and correlated with other
technical information.
Yet, the time and cost of preparing for a
nuclear shot make one-shot nuclear testing
impractical. The practical way is to arrange
a series of nuclear explosions, and then to sus
pend all testing until the whole mass of infor
mation produced has been assimilated. The
work of assimilation may take years. During
that time, it is not sensible to do any major
testing.
In the spring of 1 9 5 8 , the Soviets, hav
ing concluded a maj or series of nuclear tests,
asked for a moratorium on testing. Peace
propagandists raised a clamor in support of
the Soviet proposal. On October 3 1 , 1 9 5 8 ,
Eisenhower halted all plans for American
nuclear testing, accepting Khrushchev's un
supported promise that he would do likewise.
Kennedy continued the ban on American
testing, though it was universally known that
the Soviets had never kept their word. The
men whom Kennedy placed in charge of
defense and disarmament policies were on rec
ord as wanting American disarmament, with
or wi thout Soviet disarmament ; they devised
a defense program admittedly intended to
please the Soviets ; they rammed through Con-
A DO A
( 1 )
gress an ct creatmg a Isarmament gency
with a Director empowered to do anything
( including violations of federal law) which
he might claim to be in the interest of peace
and disarmament ; and they submitted to the
UN a proposed treaty which would disarm the
United States and surrender her nuclear
weapons.
By the end of 1 9 6 1 , military men were
expressing grave fear that the Kennedy defense
and disarmament programs would leave the
United States virtually helpless against the
Soviets.
(2)
Page 1 54
1962
Ln March 2, 1 96 2 , President Kennedy said
the Soviets, in their nuclear tests, were pressing
hard toward the goal of developing the most
desperately needed weapon of our time -a
means of destroying attacking enemy rockets
before they explode on target. The President
said the Soviet tests of 1 9 6 1 "reflected . . . the
trial of novel designs and techniques, and some
substantial gains in weaponry. " Mentioning
the powerful "nuclear attack and defense
capability" which the Soviets are developing,
the President warned that further Soviet tests
would put the free world in grave danger. He
said that the United States "cannot make sim
ilar strides without testing in the atmosphere as
well as underground, " and that in many areas
of nuclear weapons research we have reached
the point where our progress is stifled without
. . .
,
,
(3 ) expenments I n every enVIronment.
Concerning the possibility of negotiating
some efective ban on Soviet testing, the Presi
dent said:
The basic lesson of some 3 years and 3 5 3
negotiating sessions at Geneva is this -that
the Soviets will not agree to an efective ban
B as long . . . as B B a new uninspected mora
torium or a new agreement without controls,
would enable them once again to prevent the
West from testing while they prepare in
secret. " (
3)
On March 1 1 , 1 962, Robert S. McNamara,
Secretary of Defense, said the United States
has no reasonable prospect" of developing a
successful defense against missiles. At the same
time, American ofcialdom generally was
reflecting the expressed conviction of the Presi
dent that the Soviets may be on the point of
developing such a defensive weapon.
In view of all this, it was reasonable to
assume that the President would order imme
diate preparations for massive American test
ing of nuclear weapons. He did not. He
ordered a new series of atmospheric tests to be
held in the Pacifc beginning in late April,
1 962 -but promised that the tests would not
be conducted if the Soviets would SIgn a
nuclear test ban by mid April. (4)
Ln March 1 4, 1 962, when the Eighteen
nation Disarmament Committee began an
other series of disarmament conferences at
Geneva, the United States and Great Britain
proposed the outl awing of underground
nuclear tests, s uggesting an international
inspection system to detect and investigate
suspicious earth tremors -that is , earth
tremors which seismic instruments could not
positively identify as earthquakes. The Soviets
held out for an unpoliced moratorium on
underground tests, pending the development
of a control system for general and complete
disarmament. (4)
On April 9, 1 962, President Kennedy and
Prime Minister MacMillan personally appealed
to Khrushchev to reconsider the Soviet posi
tion, pointing out that scientifc instrumenta
tion is not fully capable of distinguishing earth
quakes from underground explosions. (5 )
On April 1 2
,
1 962, Khrushchev replied by
saying Kennedy and MacMillan wanted inspec
tion as a means of "choosing the moment to
attack the Soviet Union.
,
,
(
5
)
On April 1 2, 1 962, various members of the
1 8 -nation Committee appealed to the Soviet
Union and the United States to enter another
unpoliced moratorium on testing for the dura
tion of the Conference. The Soviet Union
agreed to this proposal. (4)
On April 1 6, 1 962, eight small-nation mem
bers of the Eighteen-nation Disarmament
Committee suggested a compromise solution,
which was, in efect, that existing national con
trol and detection systems be used instead of
the international inspection system demanded
by the United States. An impartial Interna
tional Commission would process data pro
duced by the various national detection sys
tems. If the International Commission noticed
data which might indicate an illegal nuclear
test somewhere, it would notify the nation on
whose territory that event occurred. The sus-
Page 155
pected nation would then co-operate with the
Inte
national Commission in determining the

preCIse nature of the explosion in question.
(
5
)
The United States and the United Kingdom
accepted this eight-nation proposal as a basis
for
.
neg
?
tiation. The Soviets also accepted it,
saymg It was practically identical with their
own proposal. (4)
Ln April 1 8 , 1 962, United States Ambas
sador Arthur H. Dean presented to the
Eighteen-nation Disarmament Committee an
"Outline of Basic Provisions of a Treaty on
General and Complete Disarmament in a
Peaceful World. " This plan, developed by the
U. S. Disarmament Agency, has been ofcially
characterized as the most comprehensive
blueprint for peace through multilateral inter
national disarmament that the United States
or any other country has ever undertaken.
,, (4)
William C. Foster, Director of the Disarma
ment Agency, sums up his 1 962 general dis
armament proposals in these words :
HThe United States proposes to achieve the
goal of general and complete disarmament in
three stages. In each stage all major arma
ments, including nuclear delivery vehicles,
would be reduced by one-third B
Stage I of the U. S. plan contains essential
measures to meet the nuclear threat, espe
cially by a cutof of the production of fssion
able materials for nuclear weapons purposes.
Further measures to reduce and eventually
eliminate nuclear weapons remaining in
national arsenals would be carried out in
stages II and III of the U. S. Program after
the completion of international expert
studies.
,,
(4)
The American disarmament proposal which
Foster thus describes, and which was formally
presented at Geneva on April 1 8 , 1 962, is
basically the same as the treaty which Adlai
Stevenson submitted to the United Nations
in September, 1 9 6 1 -proposing to strip the
United States of nuclear, and other modern
weapons, by turning them over to the United
Nations. The 1 9 62 proposal, however, went
into detail about how the reduction in national
armaments would be carried out in a three
stage plan. Nations would reduce their arma
ments by one-third each year for three years.
Combat aircraft and ships and missiles of all
kinds, anti-missile missile systems, tanks,
rmored cars, and so on -all would be placed

m a depot under supervision of an Interna
tional Disarmament Organization. The IDO
would have power to destroy them, order them
converted for peaceful" purposes, or order
them turned over to a United Nations military
force to strengthen the UN peace-keeping
machinery. The Soviets rejected the American
proposal.
No agreement having been reached at the
Geneva Disarmament Conference, President
Kennedy ordered a resumption of American
testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere.
The series began on April 2 6, 1 962. But the
testing was timid and halting, hobbled by
politics and propaganda. Kennedy permitted
only a few tests in the atmosphere before again
suspending them.
he frst session of the Eighteen-nation
Disarmament Conference at Geneva ended,
with no accomplishments, on June 1 4, 1 9 62.
(
5
)
When the second session opened on July 1 6,
1 962, American representatives startled the
world by reversing the American stand on the
question of inspection and control. Consist
ently, American ofcials had insisted that dis
armamen t would not work unless there was
an international inspection and control system.
Khrushchev had consistently insisted that
existing national inspection and control sys
tems would be adequate -since these systems
could report to an international commission
on any suspicious activity which they detected.
In April, 1 962, President Kennedy had rejected
Khrushchev's proposal for an unpoliced mora
torium on underground nuclear testing for the
specifc reason that there is no positive means
of telling whether an earth tremor is caused by
earthquake or by underground explosion. (4.5)
On August 1 , 1 962, President Kennedy
announced that, whereas in April he had not
Page 156
believed that there was adequate seismic instru
mentation for identifying earth tremors, he
now believed there was such equipment and
that he was, therefore, willing to abandon the
previous American demand for an interna
tional inspection and control system. The Pres
ident said he is now willing to accept the pro
posal ( perennially made by Khrushchev) for
a national system under international super
vision. (4,5 )
The President laid down one proviso: the
Soviets must accept the American principle of
on-site inspections of unidentifed seismic
events. This means that if detection equipment
records and locates an earth tremor which can
not be identifed as an ' earthquake, interna
tional inspectors should be permitted to go to
the locale of that tremor ( within the Soviet
Union or elsewhere) and make an on-the-spot
( on-site) inspection.
As usual, the Soviets rejected the on-site
inspection proposal.
he United States tried again. On August
27, 1 962, the United States and the United
Kingdom introduced at the Geneva Confer
ence two new treaties which the U. S. Disarma
ment Agency had drawn up. One provided for
a total ban on all kinds of nuclear testing, the
ban to be policed by a nationally manned detec
tion system under international supervision.
The other Disarmament Agency proposal of
August 27, provided for a limited ban on
nuclear testing -without any international
verifcation machinery. (4,5 )
The "Draft Treaty Banning Nuclear Weap
ons Tests In All Environments, " which the
United States and the United Kingdom pro
posed on August 27, 1 9 62, would place an
International Scientifc Commission in charge
of all arrangements and agreements. This Com
mission would be composed of representatives
of 1 5 nations.
The United States, the Soviet Union, and
Great Britain would each be a permanent mem
ber. Of the remaining 1 2 members, the Soviet
Union would nominate 3 ; the United States
would nominate 1 ; Great Britain would nom
inate 1 ; and all three powers together would
nominate 7Y
)
The Soviet Union rejected both of the
American August 27 proposals and demanded
an uninspected moratorium on nuclear testing
to begin January 1 , 1 9 6 3 . The Soviets were
near completion of their 1 9 6 1 - 1 962 tests and
wanted to call time-out in 1 963 for the nec
essary period of study and evaluation. President
Kennedy replied that the United States was
willing to ban all nuclear tests beginning Jan
uary 1 , 1 96 3 , if an efective agreement could
be reached by then.
he 1 0th Pugwash Conference, held at
London in September, 1 962, proposed that
detection of nuclear explosions be achieved by
unmanned nuclear detection stations ( little
black boxes ) . Pugwash Conference refers to
meetings of Soviet and Western scientists
which have been held at intervals since July,
1 9 5 7 -when the frst such conference was
held in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, (4
)
at the home
of Cyrus Eaton, an American industrialist
whose sympathy with the Soviet Union is
notorious.
No unmanned detection stations, of the
kind suggested by the pro-Soviets at the Pug
wash Conference, have yet been developed. If
developed, they would be small, portable,
sealed boxes, containing seismic equipment. A
specifed number of them would be placed in
specifed locations throughout the world. If
other detection equipment recorded an un
identifable earth tremor located, say, on
Soviet soil, the United States ( or any other
nation) could request that international
inspectors examine the seismic boxes located
in the Soviet Union to see what they had
recorded. The Soviets would then fly the boxes
to some designated place and let international
inspectors examine them. That is the little
black boxes" scheme, devised by Cyrus Eaton's
pro-Soviet Pugwash Conference at London in
September, 1 962.
Page 157
On December 1 0, 1 962, the Soviets for
mally adopted the Pugwash proposal as their
own, suggesting a nuclear test ban to be moni
tored by the little boxes. The Soviets said they
were willing to have two or three such boxes
placed in Soviet territory. They even promised
to permit international inspectors to enter the
Soviet Union periodically to collect readings
from the little boxes -provided the inspectors
were under tight Soviet escort and security
screening while on Soviet territory.
United States ofcialdom welcomed this
Soviet proposal as a heartening sign and as a
hopeful forerunner of things to come,
although admitting that the Soviet proposal
did not provide the foolproof inspection and
control which the United States wanted.
Ln December 1 2 , 1 9 6 2 , the fourth
"treaty" or set of arms-control proposals
devised by the U. S. Disarmament Agency, was
submitted to the Disarmament Conference at
Geneva. Made "in the wake of the Cuban
crisis, " this December 1 2 proposal included six
measures designed to reduce the risk of war
through accident, miscalculation or the failure
of communication. Those six measures :
CCFirst, the exchange of military missions
among nations. We currently exchange mili
tary attaches with the Soviet Union: this pro
posal would be a broadening of this precedent.
c C Second, advance notifcation to all coun
tries of military maneuvers.
HThird, the improvement of communica
tions between major governments. This would
include the so-called Chot line' or cpurple tele
phone' between President Kennedy and Chair
man Khruschev but would also take in lower
echelon communications as well.
cCFourth, observation posts established at
major ports, railway centers, motor highways,
and river crossings.
C CFifth, an international committee to study
other methods to reduce the risk of war
through miscalculation.
HSixth, additional observation procedures
-not specifed."(6)
In December 1 9, 1 962, Khrushchev wrote
President Kennedy that the Soviet Union
would accept two to three on-site inspections
per year on Soviet territory, and would permit
three unmanned seismic stations in the Soviet
Union. (6)
On December 2 8 , 1 962, Kennedy wrote
Khrushchev saying he was encouraged that the
Soviet Union could "accept the principle of
on-site inspections," but said that three un
manned seismic stations were not enough and
that the locations suggested by Khrushchev
might not do.
(6)
1963
Ln January 7, 1 96 3 , Khrushchev wrote
Kennedy again, making it clear that his accept
ance of the principle of on-site inspections
means that any inspectors entering the Soviet
Union will enter only on the invitation of the
Soviet government ; that they will be under
careful guard and escort by the Soviets while
there ; and that the Soviets reserve the right to
keep the inspectors from seeing anything which
h S
.
h
( 3)
t e oVlets may not want t em to see.
This seemed to satisfy President Kennedy.
On January 20, 1 96 3 , he again stopped all
American nuclear testing ( even underground)
-at a time when the Soviets had fnished all
the testing they wanted and needed leisure to
digest the information. On January 3 1 , 1 96 3 ,
the Soviets ( having reached their objective of
stopping American nuclear testing) abruptly
ended the disarmament conference. The next
day, February 1 , 1 96 3 , President Kennedy
ordered preparations for new nuclear tests in
Nevada.
On March 1 1 , 1 96 3 , William C. Foster,
Director of the Arms Control and Disarma
ment Agency, testifed before the Joint Atomic
Energy Commission of Congress, saying he is
confdent that the Soviets will not cheat on a
nuclear test ban, once they accept a treaty.
As to further concessions which the United
States may make in the interest of negotiating
Page 158
a test ban treaty, Mr. Foster said we now
demand seven annual inspections of specifed
installations on Soviet soil, and that we will not
reduce that number "until there is some move
ment away from the Soviet position. "
(
7)
When the nuclear test ban negotiations frst
began in 1 9 5 8 , the U ni ted S ta tes was demand
ing an elaborate international inspection and
control system, implemented by twenty
annual, unconditional, on-site inspections. By
March, 1 9 6 3 , U. S. ofcials had abandoned the
international inspection and control system,
and were willing to accept only seven on-site
inspections.
On April 2 4, 1 9 6 3 , Western leaders
made another appeal to Khrushchev, this time
indicating willingness to make further con
cessions in the matter of on-site inspections.
They asked Khrushchev to quit thinking about
the number of annual on-site inspections, and
to please concentrate on modifying his require
ments about how the inspections will be con
ducted. (8)
Lomplicated programs of nuclear testing
cannot be turned on and of like water taps.
Preparations for a series of nuclear tests in
Nevada ( which Kennedy ordered on February
1 , 1 96 3 , after ordering suspension of prepara
tions on January 2 0 ) cost taxpayers a lot of
money but produced nothing.
On May 1 3 , 1 96 3 , the Atomic Energy Com
mission announced cancellation of the planned
series of tests in Nevada -giving no reason
and no date for resumption of the plans. (9)
WHAT TO DO
he danger we face -of having the
armaments and the sovereignty of our nation
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Page 159
surrendered by bureaucrats who man the Dis
armament Agency -is grave.
The most immediate need for action is strong
public support for HR 3 6 1 3 , a Bill introduced
by U. S. Representative James B. Utt ( Repub
lican, California) , to abolish the Disarmament
Agency and repeal the Arms Control and Dis
armament Act of 1 9 6 1 .
On February 7 , 1 9 6 3 , U. S. Representative
Omar Burleson ( Democrat, Texas ) introduced
in the House H. Con. Res. 8 3 ; and on Feb
ruary 2 0, 1 96 3 , Senator Carl T. Curtis
( Republican, Nebraska) introduced the same
Resolution in the Senate as S. Con. Res. 2 1 .
This Curtis-Burleson Resolution attempts to
guarantee congressional supervision of Disarm
ament Agency proposals and to guarantee that
any disarmament agreements that may be
negotiated must be submitted to the Senate for
advice and consent.
n my opinion, the Curtis-Burleson Reso
lution is not enough. It may be comforting to
some to know that committees of Congress will
be looking over the shoulders of men negotiat
ing the surrender of the United States and that
the Senate must approve the surrender. But it
does not comfort me. I think we should stop
the negotiating. A major step in that direction
would be adoption of Utt's Bill to abolish the
Disarmament Agency.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) The list below gives the names of all United States Senators and
Representatives who took a stand, in roll call votes, against the Dis
armament Agency Act in 1 9 6 1 . If your Senator or Representative
was in Congress at that time and is not listed below, he was i favor
of the Disarmament Agency. The votes are taken from the Congres
sional Quarterly Weekly Report of September 1 5 , p. 1 602 ; September
22, pp. 1 640- 1 ; and September 29, pp. 1 686- 7; all 1 96 1 .
SENATE: Arizona -Goldwater ( R) ; Arkallsas -McClellan (D) ;
Florida -Smathers (D) ; Georgia -Russell (D) , Talmadge (D) ;
Kallsas -Schoeppel ( R) ; Louisiana -Ellender (D) ; MississiPPi
Eastland (D) , Stennis (D) ; Nebraska "Curtis (R) , Hruska ( R) ;
South Carolilla -Thurmond (D) ; South Dakota "Mundt ( R) ;
Texas -Tower ( R) ; Virgillia -Byrd ( D)
HOUSE: Arizolla -Rhodes ( R) ; Arkansas -Alford (D) , Gath
ings (D) , Norrell ( D) ; Califomia -Bell ( R) , Hiestand ( R) ,
Lipscomb ( R) , McDonough ( R) , Rousselot ( R) , Sheppard (D) ,
Smith ( R) , Un (R) ; Colorado Dominick ( R) ; Florida -Haley
(D) ; Georgia -James C. Davis (D) ; Iliillois -Anderson ( R)
Findley ( R) , Hofman ( R) ; Illdiana -Bruce ( R) , Roudebush ( R) :
Wilson ( R) ; Iowa "Hoeven ( R) , Gross ( R) , Jensen ( R) ; Kansas
Dole ( R) , McVey ( R) ; LOllisiana - Hebert (D) ; Michigall -Ben
nett ( R) , Harvey ( R) , Hofman (R) , Johansen (R) , Meader ( R) ;
MississiPPi -- Williams (D) ; Winstead (D) ; Missouri - Hall ( R) ;
Montalla "Battin (R) ; Nebra.,ka -Beerman ( R) , Cunningham ( R) ;
New /ersey -Auchincloss ( R) ; New York -Derounian (R) , Kil
burn ( R) , King (R) , Pillion ( R) , Ray ( R) , St. George (R) , Taber
( R) ; North Dakota Short ( R) ; Ohio Ashbrook ( R) , Devine
(R) , Scherer (R) ; Pennsylvallia -Gavin ( R) , Goodling (R) , Saylor
(R) ; South Carolilla -Ashmore (D) , Dorn (D) , Riley (D) , Rivers
(D) ; Texas -Alger ( R) , Burleson (D) , Casey (D) , Dowdy ( D) ,
Rutherford (D) , Teague (D) ; Virginia -Abbitt (D) , Tuck ( D) ;
WiscolISin -Laird ( R) , O'Konski (R) , Schadeberg (R) , Van Pelt ( R)
( 2) For a complete discussion of t he background of disarmament, includ
ing documentation, see this Report, HDisarmament -Part I," May 6,
1 96 3 ; and "Disarmament -Part II," May 1 3 , 1 963.
( 3) The TfSt Ba1: All Americall Strategy 0/ Gradual Self-Mutilation, by
Stefan T. Possony, Congressional Record, pp. 43 5 8-70
(4) Second Anll1al Report l0 COil gress, 'alluary 1 , 1962 December 3 1,
1962, U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Publication No.
1 4, February, 1 963
( 5 ) 11terllational Negotiations 01 Ellditlg Nue/ear Weapol1 Tesls, Septem
ber 1961 -September 1962. U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency Publication No. 9, October, 1 962
( 6) Remarks of U. S. Senator Hubert H. Humphrey (Democrat, Minne
sota) , COllgressional Record, February 1 1 , 1 963 , pp. 2023 f.
( 7) "Foster Expects No Cheating If Reds Accept Test Ban," The Wash
illgtOl1 Bl 'elling Slar, March 1 2, 1 963
( 8 ) The New York Times, April 2 5 , 1 963 , pp. 1 , 4
( 9) AP dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Mortling News, May 14,
1 963 , p. 1
* * * * *
THIS REPORT AND THE PREVIOUS TWO ON DISARMAMENT AVAILABLE AS A SET OF 3 FOR 50c
* * * * *
In 1951, Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped sart Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio and television
enterprise operation fnanced entirely by profts from sales : sales of The Dan Smoot Report, a weekly magazine;
Page 160
M
1tl Smoot Repo,t
Vol. 9, No. 2 1 ( Broadcast 406) May 27, 1963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
FI RST ROL L CAL L S, V d
boll call tabulations in this Report are unique in that we try to select only those
votes which reflect a stand for or against constitutional principles.
We consider a 1 -billion-dollar foreign aid program as bad in principle as a 4-billion
dollar foreign aid program; a 1 -billion-dollar urban renewal program, as unconstitutional
as a 1 O-billion-dollar urban renewal program. We are not interested in economy-minded"
legislators. If they vote to spend any tax money at all on programs which are not clearly
authorized by some grant of power in the Constitution, they are voting liberal, which
means against constitutional principles. We do not believe in reducing unconstitutional
programs ; we believe in abolishing them.
We never select for tabulation a roll call vote after frst looking to see which legislators
voted which way. We are not concerned with building a record" for or against any Sena
tor or Representative. Letting the chips fall where they may, we are, however, eager to
see a growing number of legislators build for themselves a record of voting consistently for
constitutional principles.
All of this being understood, it will encourage constitutional conservatives to notice
that, on the basis of roll calls tabulated in this Report, the 8 8 th Congress is, so far, the
best Congress we have had in a very long time.
In the roll calls tabulated below, 2 3 United States Senators made constitutionalist ratings
of 8 0% or better -8 of them making 1 0 0% ratings. The House looks even better. In the
tabulations below, 1 2 0 United States Representatives made constitutionalist ratings of
8 0% or better - 5 0 of them making 1 00% ratings.
address P. O. Box 9538, lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 1-2303 ( Ofce Address
class mail $12.50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14. 50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues : 1
copy for 25; 6 for $1. 00; 50 for $5. 50; 100 for $10.00 -each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 161
For detailed comparison between the voting
of the 8 7th Congress in 1 962 and of the 8 8 th
Congress to the middle of May, 1 9 6 3 , exam
ine the votes tabulated below, and then refer
to this Report dated October 1 , 1 9 62, entitled
Voting Records, 1 9 62. "
On May 1 7, 1 96 3 - 1 8 weeks after the
8 8 th Congress convened -Congres had
approved only 1 of 2 5 maj or pieces of legis
lation desired by President Kennedy: the Feed
Grains Bill .
his congressional resistance to the Ken
nedy program in 1 9 6 3 refects the dedicated,
yet often frustrating, eforts of American
constitutional conservatives who keep Con
gress informed on how they feel.
A surprising number of constitutional con
servatives, in all parts of the country, spend a
great deal of time, energy, and money in sup
port of constitutional principles. They write
their elected representatives ; and they distrib
ute conservative materials to friends, urging
them to write. Many eventually write me,
in tones of despair, saying their eforts do no
good, because Congress ignores their view
point. The roll call votes tabulated below
show otherwise.
By the end of March, 1 96 3 , it was widely
reported that Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney
General, had prepared a list of conservative
Democrats whom the Kennedy Administration
plans to purge" from Congress in 1 9 64,
because of their opposition to Kennedy pro
grams. Robert F. Kennedy has denied the
reports. But The Washington Star has pub
l ished details on meetings hel d by COPE
( political action arm of the AF-CIO) at
which the purge" program was dlscusse
.
d
meetings attended by ofcials of the natIOnal
Democrat Party. The people should meet
this challenge head -on: they should purge
liberals from Congress in 1 9 64.
Fi l i buster
tn February 7, 1 9 6 3 , the Senate, by a
stand of 5 6 to 44, rejected Administration
attempts to limit debate in the Senate. The
vote is shown below in Column 1 under
Senate -C indicating a vote to continue the
ancient principle of unlimited debate.
Urban Mass Transportation
Ln April 4, 1 9 6 3 , by a stand of 5 4 to
4 5 , the Senate passed the Mass Transportation
Act of 1 9 6 3 ( S 6 ) . The vote is shown below
in Column 2 under Senate -C indicating a
vote against. The bill has cleared committees
in the House but has not yet been voted on.
The Bill would provide 3 7 5 million federal
tax dollars as matching grants to states and
cities for buying out private public trans
portation frms, or improving existing facili
ties, either under private or public ownership.
This program is, as Senator Frank J. Lausche
( Democrat, Ohio ) s ays , a "vote-buying
device" which would cost taxpayers billions
of dollars. Existing subsidy programs ( to air
lines and railroads ) already have us on the road
toward nationalization ( government owner
ship) of al l transportation facilities. The
Urban Mass Transportation Bill would be
another giant stride down that road.
Wi l derness Bi l l
Ln April 9 , 1 9 6 3 , the Senate, by a stand
of 8 5 to 1 5 , passed the National Wilderness
Preservation System Act ( S 4) . The vote is
shown below in Column 3 under Senate
C indicating a vote against. Hearings on this
Bill have not yet been scheduled in the House.
This Bill would place 6 5 . 4 million acres of
land in a Wilderness System, " under tight
control of presidential appointees who could
permit or prohibit commercial activity; who
could prohibit private capital from develop
ing hydro-electric power facilities, but permit
government-owned power facilities ; who
could permit or prohibit the grazing of live
stock; who could permit or prohibit the
building of roads ; who could permit or pro
hibit mining and prospecting -all in accord
ance with the wishes of the President.
Page 162
Youth Conservation Corps
Ln April 1 0, 1 96 3 , the Senate, by a stand
of 5 7 to 42, passed the Youth Employment
Act of 1 96 3 ( S 1 ) e The vote is shown below in
Column 4 under Senate C indicating a
vote against. The measure has cleared com
mittees in the House but has not yet come to
a vote. The Bill could create an American
counter-part of government youth organiza
tions which are essential tools of dictatorship
in all communist countries, as they were in
nazi Germany and in fascist Italy before
W orId War II.
Accel erated Publ ic Works
In 1 962, Congress passed the Public Works
Acceleration Act, authorizing 900 million
dollars for public works projects ( which are
vote-buying spending programs generally
placed in key districts where politicians wish
to reward political supporters ) . Congress
appropriated 400 million for the program in
1 962. On April 1 0, 1 96 3 , the House, by a
stand of 2 3 3 to 1 8 9, authorized another 4 5 0
million dollar appropriation: see Column 3
below under House -C indicating a vote
against the new 4 5 0 million dollar appropria
tion. On May 1 , 1 96 3 , the Senate, by a stand
of 6 8 to 3 0, approved the House action: see
Column 5 below under Senate.
I ncome Tax Enforcers
Ln November 2 8 , 1 962, Mortimer M.
Caplin, Commissioner of the U. S. Internal
Revenue Service, announced:
( (President Kennedy approved Public Law
8 7- 8 6 3 , which authorizes Special Agents,
Intelligence, and Internal Security Investi
gators to execute and serve search and arrest
warrants, to seize property, to serve subpoenas
and summonses, and to make arrests without
warrants under certain circumstances. "
On May 8, 1 96 3 , the Senate, by a stand
of 60 to 3 0, refused to grant 20 million, 8 00
thousand dollars to add 1 1 8 4 more enforce
ment agents to the current IRS staf of
2 5 , 6 1 8 enforcers, who exercise powers pro-
hibited by the American Bill of Rights. This
Senate vote is shown below in Column 6
under Senate C indicating a vote against
the additional funds. The House never con
sidered this efort to hire more IRS enforcers.
Rul es Committee
Ln January 9, 1 9 6 3 , the House, by a
stand of 2 3 5 to 1 9 6, approved permanent
enlargement of the House Rules Committee.
The sole purpose was to give totalitarian lib
erals a majority, thus handicapping conserva
tive opposition to Administration proposals.
This vote is shown below in Column 1 under
House -C indicating a vote against enlarge
ment of the Rules Committee.
Commodity Credi t Corporation
Ln February 27, 1 9 6 3 , the House, by a
stand of 2 5 8 to 1 5 8 , authorized a supple
mental appropriation of 5 0 8 million, 1 72
thousand dollars ( $ 5 0 8 , 1 72, 000 ) to the Com
modity Credit Corporation for the remainder
of fscal 1 9 6 3 ( through June 3 0 ) . The vote
is shown below in Column 2 under House
C indicating a vote against. The Senate
approved the supplemental appropriation by
voice vote on March 4. The Commodity Credit
Corporation -which dispenses tax money for
the government's farm price support programs
-has cost taxpayers 2 0 billion dollars since
1 9 3 4 ; and, with that money, has fnanced
corruption ( like the Billie Sol Estes operation)
and is driving small farmers of their land,
which is being taken over by big syndicates
and promoters.
Si lver Legisl ation
Ln April 1 0, 1 96 3 , the House, by a
stand of 2 5 2 to 1 2 3 , passed a Bill ( HR 5 3 8 9 )
which, among other things, eliminates the
silver backing for I -dollar bills, replacing
them with Federal Reserve notes which are
supposed to have fractional gold backing.
But the national gold reserve for monetary
backing is already more than totally mort
gaged to foreigners. This Bill to demonetize
Page 163
silver certifcates would create greater drain
on our gold reserve, and speed arrival of the
day when foreigners may decide to wreck our
entire economy by foreclosing on the gold in
our monetary reserve. The House vote on this
Silver Bill" is shown below in Column 4
under House C indicating a vote against.
Hearings on the Bill have not yet been sched
uled in the Senate.
Federal ized Medical Trai ni ng
Ln April 24, 1 96 3 , the House, by a
stand of 292 to 1 2 6, passed the Heal th Pro
fessions Educational Assistance Act of 1 9 6 3 ,
authorizing 1 75 million dollars in aid to all
kinds of medical schools, and thirty million,
700 thousand dollars ( $ 3 0, 700, 000 ) for loans
to all kinds of medical students. Hearings on
this Bill have not yet been scheduled in the
Senate. The House vote is shown below in
Column 5 under House C indicating a
vote against.
Feed Grai ns, 1 963
Ln April 2 5 , 1 9 6 3 , the House, by a stand
of 2 1 9 to 206, passed HR 4997, a Bill to
extend Kennedy's Feed Grains program for
two more years. The vote is shown below
in Column 6 under House C indicating a
vote against. This program gives the govern
ment control of the feed grains industry, and
is a backdoor approach to government control
of the livestock industry. The Bill passed the
Senate on May 1 6, 1 9 6 3 . The Senate roll call
will be recorded in a subsequent Report.
I nternational Peace Corps
n October, 1 9 62, representatives from
various nations met in San Juan, Puerto Rico
and decided that, in addition to the American
Peace Corps, there ought to be an Interna
ional Peace Corps. Kennedy's representative
promised $ 1 5 0, 000 to fnance the new inter
national outft during the trial period. "
Congress was told nothing about this com
mitment to spend tax money. In May, 1 9 6 3 ,
the House ( which is supposed to initiate all
money bills ) was asked to approve a Senate
Amendment to the Supplemental Appropria
tions Bill authorizing $ 6 5 , 000 as the American
contribution to the International Peace Corps.
By a stand of 2 1 9 to 202, on May 8 , the House
refused. See Column 7 below under House
C indicating a vote against the appropriation.
WHAT TO DO
Lonservatives should congratulate Repre
sentatives and Senators who ( as shown in the
following tabulations ) have decent constitu
tionalist voting records -many of them, for
the frst time since they have been in
Congress.
* * * * *
1940. In 1941 , he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
i nvestigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover on FBI headquar
help immensely -by helping him get more customers for his Repo1t and broadcasts.
Page 164
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H O US E
Column # 1 - - Permanent enlargement of Rules Committee , H Res 5; #2 - Supplemental Appropriations for Commodity Credit Corporation,
H J Res 284; #3 " - Supplemental Appropriations for 1 963, accelerated public works funds , HR 551 7; #4 - Repeal of 1 934 Silver Purchase Act
and Silver-backed Dollars , HR 5389; #5 Health Professions Educational As sistance Act of 1 963, HR 1 2; #6 - Feed Grains Act, HR 4997;
#7 - - Supplemental Appropriations for 1 963, International Peace Corps Secretariate Funds , HR 55 1 7
ALABAMA
Andrews, George W. (D)
Elliott. Carl (D)
Grant, George M. (D)
Huddleston, George , Jr. (D)
Jone s , Robert E. (D)
Rains, Albert (D)
Roberts, Kenneth A. (D)
Selden, Armistead . . Jr. (D)
ALASKA
Rivers, Ralph J. (D)
ARIZONA
Rhodes , John J. (R)
Senner, George F. , Jr. (D)
Udall, Morris K. (D)
ARKANSAS
Gathings , E. C. (D)
Harris , Oren (D)
Mills , Wilbur O. (0)
Trimbl e, James W. (D)
CALIFORNIA
Baldwin, John F. , Jr . (R)
Bell, Alphonzo E . Jr . (R)
Brown, George E. , Jr . (D)
Burkhalt er, Everett G. (D)
Cameron, Ronald B. (0)
Clausen, Don H. (R)
C ohelan, Jeffery (0)
Corman, James C. (D)
Edwards , W. Donlon (D)
Gubs er, Charles S. (R)
Hagen, Harlan (D)
Hanna, Richard T. (D)
Hawkins . Augustus F. (D)
Holifield, Chet (D)
Hosmer, Craig (R)
Johnson, Harold T. (D)
King, Cecil R. (0)
Leggett, Robert L. (D)
Lipscomb, Glenard P. (R)
Mailliard, William S. (R)
Martin, Minor C. (R)
McFall, John J . (0)
Miller, George P. (D)
Mos s , John E. (D)
Roosevelt, James (0)
Roybal, Edward R. (D)
Shelley, John F, (D)
Sheppard, Harry R. (D)
Sisk, B. !. (D)
Smith, H. Allen (R)
Talcott, Burt L. (R)
Teague. Charles M. (R)
Utt, James B. (R)
Van Deerlin, Lionel (D)
Wilson, Bob (R)
Wilson. Charles H. (D)
Younger, J. Arthur (R)
COLORADO
Aspinall, Wayne N. (D)
Brotzman, Donald G. (R)
Chenoweth. J. Edgar (R)
Rogers , Byron G. (D)
CONNECTICUT
Daddario, Emilio Q. (D)
Giaimo, Robert N. (D)
Grabowski, Bernard P. (D)
Monagan, John S. (D)
St . Onge. William (D)
Sibal, Abner W. (R)
DELAWARE
McDowell, Harris B. , Jr. (D)
FLORIDA
BennetL, CUo:es E. (D)
Cramer. William C . (R)
Fascell. Dante B. (D)
Fuqua. Don (D)
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FLORIDA (cont'd)
Gibbons , Sam M. (D)
Gurney, Edward J. (R)
Haley, James A. (D)
Herlong, A. Sydney, Jr. (D)
Matthews . D. R. (D)
Pepper, Claude (D)
Roger s , Paul G. (D)
Sike s , Robert L. F. (D)
GEORGIA
Davis , John W. (D)
Flynt, John J . , Jr. (D)
Forrester, E. L. (D)
Hagan, G. Elliott (D)
Landrum, Phil M. (D)
Pilcher, J. L. (D)
Stephens , Robert G. , Jr. (D)
Tuten, J. Russ ell (D)
Vinson, Carl (D)
Weltner, Charles L. (D)
HAWAII
-- Thomas P. (D)
Matsunaga, Spark M. (D)
IDAHO
ding, Ralph R. (D)
White, Compton . . Jr . (D)
ILLINOIS
Anderson, John B. (R)
Arends , Leslie C . (R)
Colli er, Harold R. (R)
Dawson, William L. (D)
Derwinski, Edward J . (R)
Findley, Paul (R)
Finnegan, Edward R. (D)
Gray, Kenneth J. (D)
Hoffman, Elmer J. (R)
Kluczynski, John C . (D)
Libonati. Roland V. (D)
McClory, Robert (R)
McLoskey, Robert T. (R)
Michel. Robert H. (R)
Murphy, William T. (D)
O' Brien, Thomas J. (D)
O' Hara, Barratt (D)
Price, Melvin (D)
Pucinski, Roman C . (D)
Reid, Charlotte (R)
Rostenkowski, Daniel (D)
Rumsfeld, Donald (R)
Shipley, George E. (D)
Springer, William L. (R)
INDIANA
Adai r, E. Ross (R)
Brademas , John (D)
Bray, William G. (R)
Bruce , Donald C. (R)
Denton, Winfield K. (D)
Halleck, Charles A. (R)
Harvey, Ralph (R)
Madden, Ray J. (D)
Roudebush, Richard L. (R)
Roush, J . Edward (D)
Wilson, Earl (R)
IOWA
omwell, James E . (R)
Gros s , H. R. (R)
Hoeven, Charles B. (R)
Jens en, Ben !. (R)
Kyl, John H. (R)
Schwengel, Fred (R)
Smith, Neal (D)
KANSAS
Avery, Wi lliam H. (R)
!cI e, Po (R)
Ellsworth, Robert F. (R)
Shriver , Garner E. (R)
Skubitz, Joe (R)
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KENTUCKY
Chelf, Frank (D)
Natcher, William H. (D)
Perkins , Carl D. (D)
Siler, Eugene (R)
Snyder , M. G. (R)
Stubbl efi el d, Frank A. (D)
Watt s, John C . (D)
LOUISIANA
Boggs, Hale (D)
Hebert, . Edward (D)
Long, Gillis W. (D)
Morrison, James H. (D)
Passman, Otto E. (D)
Thompson, T. Ashton (D)
Waggonner, Joe D. , Jr. (D)
Willis , Edwin E. (D)
MAINE
ntire , Clifford G. (R)

Tupper , Stanley R. (R)
MARYLAND
Fallon, George H. (D)
Friedel, Samuel N. (D)
Garmatz, Edward A. (D)
Lankford, Richard E. (D)
Long, Clarence D. (D)
Mathias , Charles McC . , Jr. (R)
Morton, Rogers C. B. (R)
Sickles , Carlton R. (D)
MASSAC HUSE TTS
Bates , William H. (R)
Boland, Edward P. (D)
Burke , James A. (D)
Conte , Silvio O. (R)
Donohue, Harold D. (D)
Keith, Hastings (R)
Macdonald, Torbert H. (D)
McCormack, John W. (D)
Martin, Jos eph W. , Jr. (R)
Morse, F. Bradford (R)
O' Neill , Thomas P. , Jr. (D)
Philbin, Philip J. (D)
MICHIGAN
Bennett, John B . (R)
Broomfield, William S . (R)
Cederberg, Elford A. (R)
Chamberlain, Charles E. (R)
Diggs , Charles C . , Jr. (D)
Dingell, John D. (D)
Ford, Gerald R. , Jr. (R)
Griffin, Robert P. (R)
Griffiths , Martha W. (D)
Harvey, James (R)
Hutchinson, Edward (R)
Johansen, August E. (R)
Knox, Victor A. (R)
Lesinski , John (D)
Meader, George (R)
Nedzi , Lucien N. (D)
O' Hara, James G. (D)
Ryan, Harold M. (D)
Staebler, Neil (D)
MINNESOTA
Blatnik, John A. (D)
Fraser, Donald M. (D)
Karth, Jos eph E. (D)
Langen, Odin (R)
MacGregor, Clark (R)
Nelsen, Ancher (R)
Olson, Alec G. (D)
Qui e, Albert H. (R)
MISSISSIPPI
Abernethy, Thomas G. (D)
Colmer , William M. (D)
Whitten, Jamie L. (D)
Williams , John Bell (D)
Winstead, Arthur (D)
MISSOURI
Bolling, Richard (D)
Cnnon. Cl:Tence (D)
Curti s, Thomas B. (R)
Hall, Durward G. (R)
Hull, W. R. , Jr. (D)
Ichord, Richard (D)
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MISSOURI (cont ' d)
Jones , Paui C . (D)
Karsten, Frank M. (D)
Randall, William J. (D)
Sullivan, Leonor K. (D)
MONTANA
Battin. James F. (R)
Olsen, Arnold (D)
NEBRASKA
Beermann, Ralph F. (R)
Cunningham, Glenn (R)
Martin, Dave (R)
NEVADA
Baring, Walter S . (D)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Cleveland, James C . (R)
Wyman, Louis C. (R)
NEW JERSEY
Auchinclos s , James C. (R)
Cahill, William T. (R)
Daniels , Dominick V. (D)
Dwyer, Florence P. (R)
Frelinghuysen, Peter, Jr. (R)
Gallagher, Cornelius E. (D)
Glenn, Milton W. (R)
Joelson, Charles S. (D)
Minish, Jos eph G. (D)
Osmer s , Frank C. , Jr. (R)
Patten, Edward J . , Jr. (D)
Rodino, Peter W. , Jr . (D)
Thompson, Frank, Jr. (D)
Wallhaus er, George M. (R)
Widnall, William B. (R)
NEW MEXICO
Montoya, Jos eph M. (D)
Morris , Thomas G. (D)
NEW YORK
Addabbo, Jos eph P. (D)
Barry, Robert R. (R)
Becker, Frank J. (R)
Buckley, Charles A. (D)
Carey, Hugh L. (D)
Celler , Emanuel (D)
Delaney, James J. (D)
Derounian, Stephen B. (R)
Dulski, Thaddeus J . (D)
Farbstein, Leonard (D)
Fino, Paul A. (R)
Gilbert, Jacob H. (D)
Goodell, Charles E. (R)
Grover , James R. , J r . (R)
Halpern, Seymour (R)
Healey, James C . (D)
Horton, Frank J . (R)
Kelly, Edna F. (D)
Keogh, Eugene J . (D)
Kilburn, Clarence E. (R)
King, Carleton J . (R)
Lindsay, John V. (R)
Mill er, William E. (R)
Multer, Abraham J. (D)
Murphy, John M. (D)
O' Brien, Leo W. (D)
Ostertag, Harold C. (R)
Pike, Otis G. (D)
Pillion, John R. (R)
Pirni e, Alexander (R)
Powell, Adam C . (D)
Reid, Ogden R. (R)
Riehlman, R. Walter (R)
Robison, Howard W. (R)
Rooney, John J. (D)
Ros enthal, Benjamin S. (D)
Ryan, William Fitts (D)
St . George , Katharine (R)
Stratton, Samuel S. (D)
Wharton, J. Ernest (R)
Wydler, John W. (R)
NOR TH CAROLINA
Bonner. Herbert C. (D)
Broyhill, James T. (R)
Cooley, Harold D. (D)
Fountain, L. H. (D)
Henderson, David N. (D)
Page 167
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NORTH CAROLINA (cont'd)
Jonas, Charles Raper (R)
Kornegay, Horace R. (D)
Lennon, Alton (D)
Scott, Ralph J. (D)
Taylor, Roy A. (D)
Whitener, Basil L. (D)
NORTH DAKOTA
Nygaard, Hjalmar C . (R)
Short, Don L. (R)
OHIO
ele, Homer E. (R)
Ashbrook, John M. (R)
Ashley, Thomas L. (D)
Ayres , William H. (R)
Bett s , Jackson E. (R)
Bolton, Frances P. (R)
Bolton, Oliver P. (R)
Bow, Frank T . (R)
Brown, Clarence J. (R)
Clancy, Donald D. (R)
Devine , Samuel L. (R)
Feighan, Michael A. (D)
Harsha, William H. , Jr. (R)
Hays , Wayne L. (D)
Kirwan, Michael J. (D)
Latta, Delbert L. (R)
McCulloch, William M. (R)
Minshall, William E . (R)
Mosher, Charles A. (R)
Rich, Carl W. (R)
Schenck, Paul F. (R)
Secrest, Robert T. (D)
Taft, Robert, Jr. (R)
Vanik, Charles A. (D)
OKLAHOMA
Albert, Carl (D)
Belcher, Page (R)
Edmonds on, Ed (D)
Jarman, John (D)
Steed, Tom (D)
Wickersham, Victor (D)
OREGON
Duncan, Robert B. (D)
Green, Edith (D)
Norblad, Walter (R)
Ullman, Al (D)
PENNSYLVANIA
Barrett, William A. (D)
Byrne, James A. (D)
Clark, Frank M. (D)
Corbett, Robert J. (R)
Curtin, Willard S . (R)
Dague, Paul B. (R)
Dent, John H. (D)
Flood, Daniel J. ( D)
Fulton, James G. ( R)
Gavin, Leon H. (R)
Goodling, George A. (R)
Green, Wi lliam J . . Jr. (D)
Holland, Elmer J. (D)
Kunkel, John C. (R)
McDade, Jos eph M. (R)
Milliken, William H. , Jr. (R)
Moorehead, William S. (D)
Morgan, Thomas E . (D)
Nix, Robert N. C . (D)
Rhodes, George M. (D)
Saylor, John P. (R)
Schneebeli, Herman T. (R)
Schweiker, Richard S. (R)
Toll, Herman (D)
Walter, Francis E. (D)
Weaver, James O. (R)
Whalley, J . Irving (R)
RHODE ISLAND
Fogarty, John E. (D)
S t . Germain, Fernand J. (D)
SOUTH CAROLINA
Ashmore , Robert T. (D)
Dorn, W . J. Bryan ( D)
Hemphill, Robert W. (D)
McMillan, John L. (D)
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SOUTH CAROLINA (cont ' d)
Rivers, L. Mendel (D)
Watson, Albert W. (D)
SOUTH DAKOTA
Berry, E . Y . (R)
Reifel, Ben (R)
TENNESSEE
Baker, Howard H. (R)
Bas s , Ros s (D)
Brock, William E. , III (R)
Davi s, Clifford (D)
Everett, Robert A. (D)
Evins, Joe L. (D)
Fulton, Richard (D)
Murray, Tom (D)
Quillen, James H. (R)
TEXAS
r, Bruce (R)
Beckworth, Lindley (D)
Brooks , Jack (D)
Burleson, Omar (D)
Casey, Bob (D)
Dowdy, John (0)
Fisher, O. Clark (D)
Foreman, Ed (R)
Gonzalez, Henry B. (D)
Kilgore , Joe M. (D)
Mahon, George H. (D)
Patman, Wright (D)
Poage, William R. (0)
Pool , Joe (D)
Purcell, Graham (0)
Roberts , Ray (D)
Rogers , Walter (D)
Teague, Olin E. (D)
Thomas, Albert (D)
Thompson, Clark W. (D)
Thornberry, Homer (0)
Wright, James C . (D)
Young, John (0)
UTAH
rton, Laurence J . (R)
Lloyd, Sherman P. (R)
VERMONT
S tafford, Robert T. (R)
VIRGINIA
Abbitt, Watkins M. (D)
Broyhill, Joei T . (R)
Downing, Thomas N. (D)
Gary, J. Vaughan (D)
Hardy, Porter, Jr. (0)
Jennings , W. Pat (D)
Marsh, John 0. , Jr. (0)
Poff, Richard H. (R)
Smith, Howard W. (D)
Tuck, William M. (D)
WASHINGTON
Hans en, Julia B. (D)
Horan, Walt (R)
May, Catherine (R)
Pelly, Thomas M. (R)
Stinson, K. William (R)
Tollefson, Thor C. (R)
YCSt1aDd, Jac1 (R)
WEST VIRGINIA
Hechler, Ken (0)
Kee, Elizabeth (D)
Moore, Arch A. , Jr. (R)
Slack, John M. , Jr. (D)
Staggers , Harley O. (D)
WISCONSIN
Byrnes , John W. (R)
Johnson, Lester R. (D)
Kastenmeier, Robert W. (D)
Laird, Melvin R. (R)
O' Konski, Alvin E. (R)
Reus s , Henry S. ( D)
Schadeberg, Henry C. (R)
Thomson, Vernon W. (R)
Van Pelt, William K. (R)
aU1OcI, LIetxent J. (D)
WYOMING
Harrison, William Henry (R)
Page 168
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M
III Smoot lepo,t
Vol. 9, No. 22 ( Broadcast 407 ) June 3, 1 963 Dallas, Texa
DAN SMOOT
PL ANNE D DI CTATORS HI P
"The way to have good and safe government is not to trust it all to one; bt to divide it among the many, dis
tributing to every one exactly the functions he is competent to. Let the National government be entrusted with the
defense of the nation, and its foreign and federal relations; the State government with the civil rights, laws, police
and administration of what concerns the State generally; the counties with the local concerns of the counties and each
ward direct the interests within itself. It is by dividing and subdividing these republics, from the great national one down
through all its subordinations, until it ends in the administration of every man's farm and afairs by himself; . . . that
all will be done for the best. What has destroyed liberty and the rigbts of man in every government which has ever
existed under the sun? The generalizing and concentrating all cares and poers into one body, W matter whether of
the autocrats of Russia or France or of the aristocrats of a Venetian Senate."
-Thomas Jeferson
In June, 1 9 5 5 , the Federal Civil Defense Administration staged Operation Alert,
a nation-wide rehearsal of what civil defense would do in the event of a nuclear
bombing raid on the United States which killed around 1 0 million people. Operation
Alert revealed that sudden disaster could cause drastic confusion in the civil defense
system. It also revealed that absolute dictatorship would emerge before the casualties
could be counted.
After receiving reports of the mock casualties in the mock nuclear air raid, in con
nection with Operation Alert, President Eisenhower, on June 1 6, 1 9 5 5 ( without wait
ing for reports to see whether normal civil authorities could maintain order) used his
Executive Power to issue a mock declaration of martial law for the whole nation.
Comments in the press and in Congress were, generally, unfavorable. To some, it
was chilling to see how readily a President of the United States would proclaim a
military dictatorship in time of emergency and disaster. To others, Eisenhower's haste
to issue a mock declaration of martial law revealed only that the Administration had no
adequate plan of action -that Eisenhower reached for the weapon of martial law
because he did not know what else to do. ( 1 )
Page 169
Hence, the Operation Alert exercise of
1 9 5 5 helped create demand for a better plan
of national action to be followed if the United
States were suddenly struck a devastating
blow.
n 1 9 5 8 , President Eisenhower reorganized
the civil defense system. He merged the
Civil Defense Administration with the old
Ofce of Defense Mobilization, creating
a new agency called the Ofce of Civil and
Defense Mobilization.
President Kennedy scrapped the Eisen
hower system and established something
entirely new. Kennedy says that civil defense
should not be handled by a separate agency of
government, but that the multiple activities
of civil defense should be handled by the reg
ular departments and agencies of government
-all of their activities to be planned and co
ordinated by a small presidential staf.
Kennedy/s Executive Orders
Ln July 2 0, 1 96 1 , Kennedy ( by Execu
tive Order No. 1 09 5 2 ) abolished the Ofce
of Civil and Defense Mobilization, immedi
ately transferring most civil defense func
tions to the Department of Defense. On
August 1 , 1 96 1 , Secretary of Defense McNa
mara put Adam Yarmolinsky temporarily in
charge of all civil defense activities in the
Department of Defense. Yarmolinsky ( whose
parents are notorious communist-fronters )
has a record of participating in communist
activities since his undergraduate days at
Harvard. ( 2) Since the Kennedy Administra
tion apparently considers Yarmolinsky indis
pensable for other duties in the Defense
Department, Yarmolinsky was soon replaced
as head of civil defense activities. The present
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Civil
Defense is Steuart L. Pittman.
On August 1 4, 1 96 1 , Kennedy issued
Executive Order No. 1 09 5 8 , giving the Sec
retary of Health, Education, and Welfare the
civil defense responsibility of stockpiling
medical supplies ; giving to the Secretary of
Agriculture the civil defense responsibility
of stockpiling food.
On February 1 6, 1 962, Kennedy issued
ten Executive Orders ( 1 099 5 and 1 0997
through 1 1 0 0 5 ) delegating other civil defense
responsibilities to heads of other departments
and agencies -Interior Department, Com
merce Department, Labor Department, Post
Ofce Department, Federal Aviation Agency,
Housing and Home Finance Agency, Inter
state Commerce Commission, and so on.
he small presidential staf, which has the
responsibility of planning and co-ordinating
the civil defense activities of the regular
agencies and departments of government, is
called the Ofce of Emergency Planning.
Oddly enough, President Kennedy did not
issue an Executive Order "creating" the Ofce
of Emergency Planning and outlining its
duties until September, 1 962 -more than a
year after the OEP had been actively in
existence.
On September 27, 1 962, Kennedy issued
Executive Order 1 1 0 5 1 , "Prescribing Respon
sibilities of the Ofce of Emergency Planning
in the Executive Ofce of the President. "
The most notable thing about this Executive
Order, however, is that it amended 1 5 pre
vious Executive Orders ( 5 issued by Truman;
8 , by Eisenhower ; 2, by Kennedy himself) by
deleting references to "Civil and Defense
Mobilization" and replacing those references
with "Ofce of Emergency Planning. "
The signifcance of this change i n language
is subtle. In November, 1 962, the Eighth
NATO Parliamentarians' Conference met in
Paris, attended by delegates from the parlia
ments of the 1 5 countries belonging to the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Thir
teen United States Senators ( under the chair
manship of J. William Fulbright, extreme
leftwing Democrat from Arkansas ) ; and
eight United States Representatives ( under
Page 170
the chairmanship of Wayne L. Hays, extreme
leftwing Democrat from Ohio) made up the
delegation from the American "parliament"
to the Eighth NATO Parliamentarians' Con
ference.
Senator Fulbright's ofcial report to the
Senate on the Eighth NATO Parliamentar
ians' Conference contains a brief section on
Civil Defense, from which the following is
quoted :
((Civil emergency planning is much wider
in its implications than civil defense.
((Whereas civil defense can be considered
as a purely national responsibility, civil
emergency planning requires close coopera
tion between the NATO Allies . . . .
((Although civil emergency planning does
not directly encroach on the responsibilities
of national authorities, nevertheless on a
number of points the organization of the
latter will have to take account of the
former's planning and preparations.
,,
(3 )
Here appears to be a reason for changing
"civil defense" and "defense mobilization"
to "emergency planning. " It takes our civil
defense preparations out of the "purely
national" realm, and makes them part of an
over-all international plan.
On February 26, 1 96 3 , President Kennedy
issued nine more Executive Orders ( 1 1 0 87
through 1 1 0 9 5 ) del egat i ng "emergency
planning" activities to heads of governmental
agencies not mentioned in previous Executive
Orders on the subj ect : Federal Communica
tions Commission, Civil Service Commission,
Atomic Energy Commission, General Services
Administration, Federal Reserve System,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Federal Power
Commission, National Science Foundation,
and so on.
In all, Kennedy has issued 2 3 Executive
Orders, dealing with emergency planning,
which prescribe the lines of authority for a
total dictatorship to be controlled and co
ordinated at the top by a small group of
emergency planners in the executive ofce of
the President.
The national police state thus planned
would be a tighter, more complete dictator
ship than any which has ever existed in
modern times, in communist countries or
elsewhere. Kennedy's executive orders outline
a plan, not for protecting the American
people from sufering and death in the event
of disaster, but for seizing absolute control
of every aspect of human life in the United
States.
The Executive Orders, which formally pro
claimed the plan, have been published in the
Federal Register. This is the modern way of
giving executive proclamations the force of
law. In the formulation of such "executive
law," Congress does not deliberate and legis
late, in response to the desires of the people
and in conformity with grants of power in
the Constitution. Indeed, Congress has no role
at all. The President proclaims a law, then
gives it statutory force by merely publishing
it in the Federal Register.
Thus, President Kennedy, by Executive
Orders which bypass Congress, has already
created a body of "laws" to transform our
Republic into a dictatorship -at the dis
cretion of the President. The extraordinary
principle ( that the President can do anything
he pleases in time of dire emergency, and
that the President alone can determine what is
a dire emergency) was proclaimed by Frank
lin D. Roosevelt in November, 1 9 3 3 , and
reafrmed by the Attorney General -and
has never been challenged by the Courts or
the Congress of the United States. (4)
Can We Trust Our Leaders?
It is a dangerous delusion to feel that we
can trust our President to tell us the truth;
trust him not to exercise auhority unneces
sarily; trust him to act only in the best
interest of the American nation.
Page 171
Let us not forget what happened on Octo
ber 29, 1 962. On that day, Arthur Sylvester
( Kennedy's Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Public Afairs ) admitted that the Ken
nedy Administration was giving the public
false information about Cuba. Sylvester
defended ofcial falsifcation of the news as
" d " 1 " proper management an contro , say-
ing that the "generation of news" by ofcial
dom is "part of the weaponry that a President
has" in the "solution of political prob
lems" -and that the end of creating, in
the minds of the people, the correct attitude
about governmental programs, justifes the
means. ( 5)
et us remember also President Kennedy's
statement on May 1 2 , 1 96 3 , concerning the
dispatch of Federal troops to Alabama. The
President said:
UThis Government will do whatever must
be done to B B uphold the law of the land . . . .
The Birmingham agreement was and is a
fair and just accord . . . . The Federal Govern
ment will not permit it to be sabotaged by a
few extremists on either side who think they
can defy both the law and the wishes of
responsible citizens by inciting or inviting
violence.
, ,
(6)
Unless there is obvious and signifcant
violation of legitimate federal authority, the
President ( under the Constitution) has no
right to send troops into a state to maintain
order, except on invitation of the government
of that state. In Alabama, the Governor had
asked the President not to send troops. No
federal authority was being violated. The
"law of the land" which the President men
tioned was a fgment of his own mind
because no federal law, or even federal court
order, was involved. The Birmingham agree
ment" which the President said he would
enforce with federal troops, was a private
agreement between whites and negroes, deal
ing, primarily, with the question of job
opportunities for negroes.
As to "inciting or inviting violence" in
Alabama, the President himself was guilty of
that, by continual agitation of the delicate
situation, specifcally by calling Mrs. Martin
Luther King to express concern when her
husband ( a professional agitator, with a com
munist front and j ail record) was behind bars
for inciting civil disturbance.
As to the need for federal troops to sup
press violence : the total of human sufering
which the race riots have caused in Birming
ham is hardly worthy of notice in comparison
with the continual savage depradations upon
white people, by negro hoodlums, in the city
of Washington, D. C.
In the Alabama afair, the President proves
that he does misrepresent facts to the people
and does use illegal and unnecessary power to
serve his own political ends.
As to whether the President can be trusted
to act only in the best interests of the nation
-note two cases which indicate otherwise:
El Chamizal and Panama.
EL CHAMIZAL -The Treaty of Guada
lupe, February 2, 1 8 48 , established the Rio
Grande River as the boundary between Texas
and Mexico. Between 1 8 64 and 1 8 6 8 , the
Rio Grande eroded a large portion of the high
Mexican south bank and formed an alluvial
deposit ( about 6 3 0 acres in size) on the
United States side of the river. This occurred
j ust south of El Paso, then a small border
town. As El Paso grew, it took in the great
alluvial deposit which came to be called El
Chamizal. In 1 8 9 5 , the Mexican government
made a formal claim to El Chamizal. The
American government maintained, in efect,
that the middle of the River was the boun
dary line, and that all soil north of that
boundary line was American soil, regardless
of how it got there.
On June 24, 1 9 1 0, the Mexican and United
States governments agreed to let an Arbitra
tion Commission ( composed of one Mexican,
Page 172
one American, one Canadian) decide whether
EI Chamizal belonged to the United States
or to Mexico. The Arbitration Commission
refused to decide the question. Instead, the
Commission decided, on June 1 5 , 1 9 1 1 , that
EI Chamizal should be divided between Mex
ico and the United States. The United States
government would not accept that decision,
which the Arbitration Commission had not
been empowered to make.
The issue became dormant for more than
ffty years, except for an occasional political
speech by some Mexican demagogue who
whipped up hatred for the United States and
gathered votes for himself by denouncing
the EI Chamizal "land grab. "
President Kennedy reopened the old EI
Chamizal sore. Trying to win Mexican sup
port for his Alliance for Progress, Kennedy
quietly opened negotiations with the Mexican
government, to work out a means of giving
Mexico the 6 3 0 acres of United States ter
ritory, which, meanwhile, had become part of
the downtown section of modern El Paso.
Kennedy got support from the city govern
ment of El Paso and from certain business
interests there, by promising tremendous out
lays of taxpayers' money to "compensate"
the city for the loss of territory. (7)
An article in The Dallas Morning News,
May 2 8 , 1 96 3 , reported information, from
"authoritative sources, " that the United
States and Mexico would announce within the
next few days a settlement of the El Chamizal
dispute.
PANAMA Many events and circum
stances ( too numerous to review at this time)
indicate that Kennedy is also planning to
surrender American control of the Panama
Canal, either to the government of Panama
or to a United Nations agency. Following the
example set by Eisenhower, Kennedy has
already weakened the American position by
perIitting the fying of the PanaIa fag
alongside the Stars and Stripes in the Canal
Zone, thus showing a Panamanian "titular"
sovereignty over our territory.
As to the question ( if there be a question)
of whether the Kennedy Administration
wants a socialist dictatorship in the United
States -we need only to read one publica
tion of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarma
ment Agency.
United Nations ofcials -realizing that
the massive outpouring of American tax dol
lars ( in the United States and abroad) is
rapidly building a one-world socialist system;
realizing that most of that spending is done
under the guise of arming to resist com
munism; and realizing that the Kennedy
Administration is determined to disarm the
United States -grew concerned about the
reduction of American governmental spend
ing which disarmament might bring.
On September 2 2 , 1 9 6 1 , the UN Secre
tariat requested that the United States furnish
information on "the economic and social con
sequences of disarmament in the U. S. " Ken
nedy's U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency prepared a report to reassure the
United Nations ofcials. The report, published
in July, 1 962, says, in essence, that disarma
ment will not substantially reduce the spend
ing of American tax dollars, but will deflect
those dollars into such programs as social
security, federal aid to education, urban re
newal, fnancing mass transit systems, expand
ing public health and mental health activities,
and increasing foreign aid channelled through
United Nations agencies. (8)
On Iy An Emergency Is Needed
Any thoughtful person who has watched
the arrogant and lawless behavior of the Ken
ned y Administration; its studied eforts to
deceive the people and the Congress ; its habit
of appeasing foreign powers ( particularly
comIunist and pro-coIIunist powers ) b
y
sacrifcing American national interests ; and
Page 173
its relentless drive toward the total socialist
state -reasonably fears that Kennedy might
take advantage of some emergency to make
himself a dictator, in accordance with the
plan which his Executive Orders have already
outlined.
The May, 1 9 6 3 , Wheat Referendum ( when
farmers repudiated Kennedy's farm program,
in the face of Kennedy's threats and promises )
is only one of many indications of a growing
political revolt against the Kennedy Adminis
tration. Kennedy has enough cunning to see
this. If his prestige and influence continue to
sink, what will he do in 1 964 if he feels he
cannot win re-election? Will he accept the
verdict of elections and surrender the power
so dear to him? Or will he make himself a
dictator, by creating an emergency"?
hat kind of emergency could he create?
Since the temperament and disposition of
the President became apparent, in the frst
months of his Administration, there has been
anxiety that he might arrange a war for the
United States in 1 964, if he felt that neces
sary for his own re-election. This anxiety is
by no means unfounded. It deepened in late
1 962 when Kennedy made war-like gestures
about Cuba for the purpose of getting New
Frontier supporters elected to Congress.
There is another possible emergency
already building up under the senseless and
ceaseless prodding of the President and his
brother, the Attorney General : an emergency
involving racial confict in the United States.
Note this grim paragraph from the May,
1 963 , issue of H. du B. Reports, a newsletter
written in Paris, France, by the extremely
well-informed Hilaire du Berrier :
HThe governments of Western Europe are
receiving alarming reports which touch on
America's internal stability. Their inform
ants put it bluntly: A development has taken
place within the past few weeks which can
shake America, and a crisis in America can
endanger the West. The NAACP has con-
sistently expressed embarrassment at the
violence and anti-White declarations of
another group, the Black Muslims, who
preach a distorted mohammedanism under
the leadership of a former factory hand,
Elijah Poole
,
now known as Elijah Muham
mad. The NAACP's moderate leaders have
acquired both sympathy and support by
repudiating Black Muslim advocacy of ter
rorism and black supremacy. However, ac
cording to reliable reports reaching govern
ments around the world ( though not the
American public) , the NAACP and Elijah
Muhammad's followers have formed a com
mon front, which means that the more vio
lent leaders have assumed direction. The
focal points for a sudden, brutal outbreak
are now New York, Detroit and Chicago,
Black Muslim strongholds where for fve
years Elijah Muhammad's lieutenants have
been organizing an elite militia and stock
ing arms."
he Black Muslims want negro suprem
acy, and openly advocate murder of white
people until all whites in the United States
are either exterminated or reduced to bond
age. The NAACP has made an elaborate pre
tense of repudiating" the Black Muslims
movement, but there are many indications
that the NAACP and the Black Muslims are
working hand-in-glove : the NAACP warn
ing that if their particular brand of violence
is not fully supported, the bloodier violence
of the Black Muslims is inevitable.
United States Representative Adam Clay
ton Powell ( Democrat, New York) , negro
Chairman of the House Education and Labor
Committee, is a life-member of the NAACP.
Yet he has openly associated himself with the
Black Muslims movement. He recently spoke
gloatingly on a national television program
about how the negro "has the white man
.
d
, , (9)
runnIng scare .
The head of the NAACP in Washington,
D. C. ( where negro criminal violence against
white people is creating something akin to
a reign of terror ) said, L1 a national tele
vision program in early May, 1 9 6 3 , that negro
Page 174
violence is coming and that the NAACP will
promote the violence if whites do not immedi
ately give the negro what he demands.
What does he demand? Absolute legal
equality with whites ? Not at all ! The most
explosive racial situation in America is not
in the South, but in New York City -where
the white man's right to own and dispose of
private property and his right to choose his
own associates have been violated to grant
negroes so-called "anti-discrimination" laws.
In New York, negroes have no trouble exer
cising their voting rights. There are no legal
barriers to school integration. Housing laws
make it illegal for private realtors to refuse
rental or sale on racial grounds. And "fair
employment" laws make it illegal for private
employers to refuse employment to negroes
because of race.
Yet, the negroes of New York City, prod-
ded by Black Muslim and NAACP leaders
and by men like Adam Clayton Powell, are
more restless than ever before. Now they are
demanding enforced social and economic
equality with white people -which means
nothing less than confscation of the property
and earnings of white people ( whose superior
abilities give them superior earning power) in
order to give negroes what they lack innate
ability to earn.
n New Rochelle, New York; in Berkeley,
California ; in Englewood, New Jersey; in
Nashville, Tennessee ; in Baltimore, Maryland ;
in Birmingham, Alabama ; in Detroit, Michi
gan; in Greenwood, Mississippi ; in Chicago,
Illinois ; in Washington, D. C. -all across
the land, racial tensions are growing every
day. Everywhere, they are being prodded by
the whole pack of liberal politicians, both
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-and dragging our Republic into the quicksands of socialism. But what can you do about it?
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When enough other Americans know and care as you do, political action to restore our Republic will come.
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saving the country from mushrooming big government, here is a checklist for you: Have you urged others to
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Page 175
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Republican and Democrat, who are j ockey
ing for the organized negro vote in 1 9 64.
This situation could become the "emer
gency" which projects John F. Kennedy into
absolute dictatorship.
What To Do
t may very well be that President Ken
nedy will never try to make himself a dic
tator, or involve the nation in war j ust to get
himself re-elected. Despite the blueprint for
dictatorship already prepared by Kennedy's
Executive Orders j and despite abundant indi
cations that Kennedy is capable of creating
a pretext for seizing power if he fears defeat
at the polls in 1 964, it is quite likely that
none of this will happen. But the very
possibility -however remote -should be
removed. Congress could remove it, and
probably would, if there were sufcient public
demand.
Congress should abolish ( by withholding
funds, if necessary) the whole federal civil
defense, and "emergency planning, " setup. In
time of emergency or disaster, individuals and
communities would be infnitely better of in
looking after themselves, than in waiting for
direction and dictation from federal bureau
crats.
Beyond that, Congress should submit an
amendment to repeal the income tax amend-
ment. The corrupt, oppressive income tax
system feeds all the plans for socialist dictator
ship in the United States. Cut of the excess
tax money, and the evil plans will wither and
die.
The public could demand that Congress
enact a law providing that all appropriations
will be withheld from any agency of govern
ment trying to initiate any program which
has not been authorized by Congress through
formal, constitutional, legislative process.
A Congress which would do that would
go further, and reverse the settled trend
toward dictatorship in the United States.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) The Powers 0/ the President as Commander il Chief 0/ the Army and
Navy of the United Slates, House Doument No. 443, 84th Congress,
June 1 4, 1 9 5 6, pp. 1 4, 1 37-45
(2) Military Cold War Education and SPeech Review Policies, Hearings
before the Special Preparedness Subcommittee of the Senate Armed
Services Committee, 1 962, Part IV, pp. 1 491 -2
( 3 ) Eighth NATO ParliamCltaria1lS' COllferellce, Report to the Senate
Committee on Foreign Relations, April 8, 1 963 , p. 23
( 4) "Between the Lines -Emergency Planners," by Edith Kermit Rose
vele, The Shreveport Journal, November 1 7, 1 962, p. 2
( 5 ) "Free Press Maintains Confdence of Public," AP story by J. M.
Roberts, The Dallas MOTlling News, November 1 , 1 962, Section 1 ,
p. 8
( 6) COllgressiol1al Q1Iarterly Weekly Report, May 1 7, 1 963 , p. 78 3
( 7) "Mexico Seems Sure t o Win 'Chamizal'," by Walter B. Moore, The
Dallas MOTllil1g NelliS, March 9, 1 963 , Section 4, p. 2 ; " 3 5 Million
Indemnity For 'Chamizal' Seen, " UPI dispatch from EI Paso, Texas,
The Dallas Times Herald, July 1 8 , 1 962, p. A-6 ; COl1gressional Record,
January 29, 1 963, pp. 1 243 I. ; UPI dispatch from Laredo. Texas.
The Dallas MOTi1lg News, February 24. 1 963 . Section , p. 1 6
( 8 ) The EC0110'lic and Social COl1sequel1ces of Disarmamel1t. U.S. Arms
Concrol and Disarmament Agency Publication No. 6. July. 1 962;
"Would Disarmament Mean a Depression"? by Emile Benoit. The New
York Times Magazitle. April 28 . 1 963 . pp. 1 6 I.
( 9) "Two Ways: Black Muslim and N.A.A.C.P . ..
.
by Gertrude Samuels.
The New York Tim!'s Magazil1e. May 1 2 . 1 963. pp. 26 I.
* * * * *
In 1951, Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio and television
If YOIl think Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting socialism and communism, you can
Page 176
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111 Imootle,o"
Vol. 9, No. 23 ( Broadcast 408 ) June 1 0, 1963 Dallas
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Texas
DAN SMOOT
TRUTH WI L L OUT
"Am I therefore become your enemy, because I tell Y01 the truth?" Galatians 4: 1 6
Ln May 2, 1 96 3 , Senator Thomas H. Kuchel ( Republican, California) spoke in the
Senate about "fright peddlers, " or "right-wing extremists," who, according to Kuchel, are
doing much more harm than communists are doing. In one of the coherent paragraphs of
his speech, Senator Kuchel rather well identifes the people he is condemning. They are
Americans who, as the Senator phrases it, want to:
C C Get the United States out of the U.N. Stop all foreign aid. Repeal the income tax.
Abandon NATO and bring our troops home from Europe."
Senator Kuchel estimates that he gets 6, 000 letters a month from people advocating such
policies. Since American constitutionalists advocate these policies, it seems to me that Senator
Kuchel is not getting as much mail as he shoul d; but the volume he does get troubles him.
He complains about the intemperate and abusive language which the "right-wing extremists"
put in their letters to him, congratulating himself on his calm and reasoned replies. The quality
of Senator Kuchel's calm and reason can be found in his speech. He calls "right-wing
extremists" crackpots for paranoia and proft, self-appointed saviors, apostles of hate and
fear, racists, swindlers, dupes, simpletons, liars, paranoiacs, witch-hunters, evil, loony,
unpatriotic, un-American, lunatic, wretched, hysterical, idiotic. Senator Kuchel feels that
the policies of government should be debated by "reasonable, rational and realistic people" ;
but "right-wing extremists" who disagree with the policies apparently have no right to
participate in this debate. Saying he has noth ing but seething contempt for right-wing ex
tremists who criticize him, Senator Kuchel brands their arguments as queer and puzzling
dogmas, contemptible slime, irrational frenzy, frantic, unadulterated venom, infantile,
ugly, zany claims, outright falsehoods.
All of this in one rather short speech by a Senator expressing outrage at the intemperate
language in letters from his constituents !
class mail $12.50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14.50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues : 1
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Page 177
5enator Kuchel is upset because some of
his constituents do not believe everything he
tells them. For example, Senator Kuchel says
he has told his frightened constituents that the
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency has
no authority to do anything except conduct
research and report to the President ; but his
constituents will not believe him. If Senator
Kuchel could read and understand the Arms
Control and Disarmament Act of 1 9 6 1 ( which
he supports with all his vehement calm and
sputtering reason) , he might see why his con
stituents cannot accept his every word as Gos
pel truth. The Arms Control and Disarmament
Act of 1 9 6 1 confers upon the Director of the
Disarmament Agency broad authority to do
j ust about anything the Director may claim
to be in the interest of peace and arms control.
The Director can formulate United States dis
armament policies, conduct negotiations with
foreign powers and international organiza
tions, command the services of other federal
agencies, obtain restricted information from
the Atomic Energy Commission -and enjoy
specifc exemptions from laws enacted by
Congress.
On May 2, 1 96 3 , Senator Kuchel com
plained that his frightened constituents will
not believe him when he tells them that no
responsible public ofcial believes in unilateral
disarmament or disarmament without an
efective means of inspection. " On May 27,
1 9 6 3 , the Associated Press, i n a story with a
Washington dateline, reported that 3 4 United
States Senators endorsed a resolution demand
ing an agreement to end all underwater and
atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, and
demanding that the United States unilaterally
end its own testing, if it cannot reach an agree
ment with the Soviets. Senator Kuchel was not,
incidentally, one of the 3 4 Senators.
It may be that if Senator Kuchel knew as
much about what is going on as his constituents
know, he would be frightened too. Many of
Mr. Kuchel's frightened constituents know
that Paul Nitze ( Assistant Secretary of De-
fense) and Walt W. Rostow ( head of the
Policy Planning Council in the State Depart
ment ) have been on record for years as believ
ing that America should unilaterally disarm
herself of nuclear weapons which make the
Soviets nervous -in the hope that once we are
thus disarmed, the Soviets, able to relax, will
follow our example. Many of Mr. Kuchel's
frightened constituents also know that Presi
dent Kennedy's frst Defense message to Con
gress ( March 2 8 , 1 9 6 1 ) , based on Rostow's
-
recommendation, was written to please and
appease the Soviets and that it initiated a
formal policy of limited, unilateral American
disarmament -that is, de-emphasizing all nu
clear weapons which the Soviets do not want
us to have.
Ln May 6, 1 96 3 , The San Francisco
Chronicle had a lead editorial which began:
((Senator Kuchel's magnifcently strong
speech in the Senate last week denouncing
and exposing the (fright peddlers' of the
extreme right should be remembered in the
history of our country as one of the alarm
bells of American liberty. "
That was the general reaction, across the
land in the leftwing press, to Kuchel's speech.
Oddly enough, one of the most sensible
commentaries on Kuchel's May 2 speech also
appeared in The San Francisco Chronicle -in
Lucius Beebe's This Wild West" column,
May 1 3 , 1 9 6 3 . Mr. Beebe said:
((The Senator's strategy of denunciation is
one long recognized and approved by profes
sional demagogues from Moscow to Macon
and from Leningrad to Little Compton. He
merges all the opposition with its least repu
table elements . . . .
((It's all right and a hallmark of civic
responsibility to write your Senator or Rep
resentative in Washington so long as your
sentiments are those of radiant approval of
his statesmanship and high moral caliber,
but negative sentiments constitute (fright
1ail
,
and doubts of his chances of re-election
emanate, of course, from people to be chattily
described as (slime. '
Page 178
Mr. Kuchel makes no mention of the vast
volume of calculated and often identical and
subsidized mail from pressure groups such as
the AFL-CIO and the maggot bin of the
American Civil Liberties Union. These in
spired bli zzards of coercion and, often
enough, explicit subversion do not, in the
Senator's book, rank as queer and puzzling
dogmas. ' "
t is easy to laugh at, or ignore, Kuchel ; but
his silly tirade of May 2 initiated an attack on
American constitutionalists which, by the end
of May, was being couched in tones that were
sinister. During the last week of May, Vice
President Lyndon B. Johnson, speaking to a
group of New Frontier lawyers in Washing
ton, accused right-wingers of irresponsibility,
saymg:
w e cannot aford paralysis, and paralysis
is what this irresponsibility will bring if it
is not checked.
I do not accept the counsel of those who
continue to say that irresponsibility should be
left to run its own course. By defnition, ir
responsibility has no self-limiting capacity.
There is no point at which irresponsibility
will voluntarily stop and responsibility assess
the consequences of its course.
,,
( 1 )
Johnson's threat to silence critics of govern
mental policies is obvious, even if non-specifc.
We Tol d You So
ôt long ago, Lyndon Johnson's line was
that American constitutionalists were super
patriotic nuts, who, although annoying, were
unworthy of much attention. Now Johnson
is grim. What has happened? The relentless
march of events is proving that the "super
patriots" have been telling the truth for years,
and that liberal ofcialdom has been answering
that truth with falsehood or evasion.
Note some recent examples.
In 1 9 5 3 , Senator Joseph McCarthy alleged
that large numbers of American soldiers were
prisoners of Chinese communists and that the
Eisenhower Administration was doing nothing
about it. Spokesmen for the Eisenhower Ad
ministration denied the allegations, denounced
McCarthy for rabble-rousing dishonesty, and
released statistics to show that practically all
Americans captured by communists in Korea
were either known to be dead or had been
released.
On May 1 4, 1 96 3 , Senator Everett McKin
ley Dirksen ( Republican, Illinois ) presented to
the Senate information of considerable weight,
indicating that 3 8 9 Americans are still alive
in communist j ails.
Senator McCarthy met his Waterloo while
investigating subversion and espionage in the
Army.
McCarthy learned that 3 5 people had been
fred at Ft. Monmouth for communist activi
ties. Thirty-three of these were reinstated and
given back pay, when their cases reached the
Army Loyalty review board in the Pentagon.
McCarthy wanted the names of the 2 0 civilians
who were on that review board.
Later, McCarthy began demandmg the
names of ofcials who promoted Maj or Irving
Peress -who was promoted in the Army
despite evidence already in his fle that he was
a communist, and was given an honorable dis
charge after McCarthy had begun to question
Army ofcials about him.
If McCarthy had been able to trace the lines
of authority all the way to the top -to fnd
persons in the Department of Defense with
enough authority to promote and protect
known communists -McCarthy might have
exposed treachery in very high places : an
exposure possibly more signifcant than the
exposure of Alger Hiss.
When McCarthy got on the line of question
ing which ultimately would have led him to
such key personnel, the enormous power and
prestige of the Eisenhower Administration was
suddenly concentrated on the objective of dis
crediting McCarthy and stopping his investi-
Page 179
gation. The Army-McCarthy hearings in 1 9 5 4
put an end to McCarthy's efective fght
against communism. And the subject of com
munists in the Army was generally dismissed
as another McCarthy witch-hunt, grounded in
falsehood.
In May, 1 9 6 3 , information, which the De
fense Department had suppressed in 1 9 5 4, was
fnally made public : information to the
efect that at least one company of American
soldiers had been surrendered to communists
in North Korea -by an American Captain
who had long been suspected of being a com
munist. (
2
)
n this Report dated August 26, 1 9 5 5 , I
reported briefly on the activities of Jay Love
stone, former head of the American communist
party who, after being forced out because of
an intra-party fght, became Executive Secre
tary of the Free Trade Union Committee of
the American Federation of Labor. At the
time of my reporting in 1 9 5 5 , Lovestone was
in Europe, on a mission being fnanced with
American tax money through the Central
Intelligence Agency. The mission was to "fght
communism" by instructing Europeans in the
techniques and philosophy of American trade
unionism. I expressed anxiety that Jay Love
stone might use our tax money to help com
munists rather than hurt them, and I was
severely castigated for suggesting such a thing.
In 1 9 62, it came out that Jay Lovestone,
working among African delegates to the
United Nations ( apparently in league with
the United States State Department) helped
bring the full economic and psychological sup-
port of American organized labor behind pro
communist Ben Bella and his revolution in
Algeria. Ben Bella's success in Algeria was an
opening wedge which led to the United
Nations' rape of Katanga. Out of this, and
the communist-inspired, U. S. promoted chaos
elsewhere in Africa, may come the communist
conquest of the entire Dark Continent. ( 3)
n this Report dated September 3 0, 1 9 5 5
( "UNESCO") , I reviewed UNESCO publica
tions designed to infuence the teaching of
American children. One such publication, urg
ing inculcation of "world-mindedness" instead
of patriotism in children, recommended that
elementary school children should no longer
be taught geography in the conventional way
of frst exposing them to facts about their own
homeland. UNESCO said that children should
be taught about other lands frst, so that they
would not develop an exaggerated idea about
the importance of their own nation.
I was roundly denounced by liberals for
even suggesting that UNESCO ever could or
ever would influence the teaching of American
<hildren, or that there was even a movement
afoot to alter the teaching of geography for
the purpose of de-emphasizing patriotism.
Today, I invite any parent of any child in
the fourth grade of a public school to examine
the geography book his child uses in what is
generally called "social studies. " I estimate
that at least eight out of ten who make this
investigation will fnd that his fourth-grade
child is being exposed to the geography of al
most every nation on earth except the United
States.
n the April 29, 1 9 5 7, issue of this Report
I said :
ttWe have already crossed the line which
marks bankruptcy for the social security sys
tem: the government is already paying out
more in social security benefts than it is tak
ing in -and is quietly, secretly
,
making up
the defcit from the general fund . . . .
t tThe money taken from you and your
employer is earmarked as a contribution to
social security. This is supposed to build up
a trust fund that will provide the benefts
when it comes time for you to collect them.
ttBut this is a fctitious paper operation.
There is no trust fund, really. The govern
ment doesn't lay your money aside so that it
can pay you back later with your own money.
. . . [ but] spends [it] on gifts for communist
Page 180
governments abroad, and so on. The only thing
that goes into the social security trust fund
is the government's IOU . . . .
This bankrupt condition will become
speedily worse in the years immediately ahead
and will, eventually, become apparent to the
public. "
I do not believe I ever wrote anything that
brought me harsher criticism: from United
States Representatives and Senators, from
ofcials of the Social Security Administration,
from everywhere. Liberal ofcialdom generally
denounced me as a liar, claiming that the social
security operation was actuarially sound, sol
vent, and efcient, and in no danger of ever
becoming what I claimed it was.
On May 29, 1 96 3 , United States Represent
ative Wilbur D. Mills ( Democrat, Arkan
sas ) , Chairman of the House Ways and Means
Committee, urged Congress to increase social
security taxes, because social security is paying
out more than it takes in, and the " trust fund"
is " threatened" by "long-range defcits.
, ,
(4)
In the January 7, 1 9 5 7, issue of this Report,
I discussed the signifcant subject of govern
mental censorship by suppression and falsifca
tion of the news, saying:
HBureaucrats . . . . do not give the public
unvarnished facts about the conduct of gov
ernment. They hand out only what they want
the public to have. However disastrous the
policies of our elected and appointed ofcials
may be, we the people can never really come
to grips with the follies, or criminal conduct,
or treasonable behavior of our ofcials, be
cause we can never get the facts about what
happened.
Instead of a clean-up, we get a cover-up .
. . . [This condition] poses the question of
whether we have a republican form of gov
ernment, or whether we have a bureaucratic
oligarchy in which the bureaucrats are
responsible to no one except themselves.
HThis is a question which the public should
thrust before the new Congress [the 8 5 th] -
and demand some specifc answers for. "
Large numbers of "the public" tried, but
they were lashed with slander by Senators,
Representatives, Administration spokesmen,
liberal newspaper editors, and liberal commen
tators -as McCarthyite lunatic-fringers who
did not know what they were doing, or who,
for unsavory reasons, were deliberately trying
to undermine confdence in "our chosen
leaders. "
So, matters grew worse until October 29,
1 962, when an ofcial spokesman for the Ken
nedy Adminstration ( Arthur Sylvester, Assist
ant Secretary of Defense) admitted that the
Administration makes a policy of giving the
public false information in order to create
public support for Administration policies. (5 )
In several issues of this Report i n 1 9 5 6 and
early 1 9 5 7, I discussed the Eisenhower Admin
istration's false show of sympathy for Hun
garian patriots brutally suppressed by the
Soviets in 1 9 5 6. I pointed out that Eisenhower
was irritated with the Hungarian patriots for
causing a disturbance and that what Eisen
hower did, in contrast to what he publicly
said, helped the Soviets rather than the rebel
ling patriots. Anticipating that the American
government would formally recognize, and
give aid to, the new communist regime in
Hungary as soon as American public opinion
would permit, I pointed out, on February 4,
1 9 5 7, that Eisenhower was already sending up
trial balloons to test public reaction.
In May, 1 9 6 3 , the State Department
released a paper which whitewashes the Soviets'
puppet government in Hungary, and lay
.
s the
groundwork for "normalizing" Amencan
Hungarian relations. Senator Frank J. Lausche
( Democrat, Ohio) says this is the result of a
deal between the Soviets and the Kennedy
Administration -the Soviets promising to
vote for U Thant as permanent UN Secretary
General, in return for a Kennedy promise to
close out the old issue of UN resolution con-
.
h S ' b H
(6
) demnmg t e oVlets a out ungary.
Page 181
As early as June, 1 9 5 6, I began warning,
in this Report, that American foreign aid pro
grams were giving foreign bankers and inves
tors claims on the American monetary reserve
which could ultimately destroy our money and :
wreck our entire economy. I continued writing
about the shrinking American gold reserve,
presen ting in 1 960 a series of Re par ts on this
grave problem.
In the September 1 2, 1 960, issue of this
Report, I said:
((Foreign claims against America's mone
tary gold reserve have been growing by bil
lions of dollars a year. If foreigners always
demanded payment in gold from the United
States Treasury, for every American dollar
they acquired, as soon as they acquired it, the
wild spending and wasting and foreign give
away of our federal government would have
stopped years ago, because America would
have run out of gold.
((Up to now, with our money backed by our
government's promise to redeem in gold, most
foreigners have chosen to keep their Ameri
can dollars or invest them in America and
elsewhere rather than cash them in. All of this
has mushroomed into the most dangerous situ
ation that America -or any other great
nation -was ever in. Day by day, America
( with all outward appearance of a strong and
growing economy) is sinking into the posi
tion of being quite at the mercy of foreign
governments and international bankers. "
Between June, 1 9 5 6, and September, 1 96 0,
every time I mentioned our shrinking gold
reserve, there would shortly appear a rash of
statements by high government ofcials ( and
columns by "economists" who consistently
support ofcial policies ) to the efect that all
talk about our gold reserve being in danger
was dishonest nonsense. Shortly after my Sep
tember 1 2 , 1 960, Report on the fight of gold,
however, the gold crisis broke wide open. The
fight of our gold reserve became an issue in
the campaign between Nixon and Kennedy
both promising to make ra tters worse by con
tinuing the policies which caused the flight of
gold.
Ofcialdom released reams of statistics
and soothing statements about the condi
tion of our economy and about efective steps
being taken to correct the balance-of-pay
ments drain on our reserve -until, fnally,
the public seemed to forget about the gold
CrISIS.
But today, seven years after I frst began to
discuss the subject, Treasury ofcials are
admitting exactly what I have been saying all
along. An Associated Press Dispatch from
Washington, published in The Dallas Morning
News, May 3 1 , 1 9 6 3 , reports :
((If all the potential claims against U.S.
gold were suddenly presented for payment
the supply wouldn't go around. Treasury
ofcials Thursday estimated the total of (dol
lar assets' held in countries around the world
at about $ 2 0, 000, 000, 000. The U.S. monetary
gold fund is about $ 1 5 , 800, 000, 000 . . . .
((The heavy holding of dollar assets around
the world is tied in with the balance-of-pay
ments defcit which Daane, Deputy Under
secretary of the Treasury for monetary af
fairs, describes as serious . . . . Last year the
defcit amounted to $ 2, 2 00, 000, 000 and in the
frst quarter of 1 96 3 it was $ 8 2 0, 000, 000. "
Aperennial argument for public housing
and urban renewal is that they eliminate slums,
and that this helps cure crime and j uvenile
delinquency, because slums are "breeding
places" of crime and delinquency. The argu
ment is patently false ; and I have been saying
so in this Report for many years. In a Report
on Urban Renewal, October 6, 1 9 5 8 , I said:
((Slums do not breed crime and juvenile
delinquency. It's the other way around. If
you tore down every slum and old house in
America; replaced them with luxury homes
and apartments ; gave those luxury dwellings
to criminals, juvenile delinquents, bums, and
improvident, lazy ne'er-do-wells ; and pro
vided the occupants with lavish pensions
the places would soon be slums again.
((People nake sluns. Slunts don't nake
people."
Page 182
I contended that public housing projects
often become centers of crime and delin
quency. Events have so abundantly proved the
truth of these statements that Urban Renewal
ofcials are now saying substantially the same
thing. Their suggested remedy, however, is to
have more public housing and Urban Renewal
-and then to follow up with more social
workers and bigger welfare programs to handle
the resulting increase in crime and delin
quency. (7)
n the May 1 8 , 1 9 5 9, issue of this Report,
I pointed out that Castro was building a com
munist dictatorship in Cuba. Washington
ofcialdom continued to deny the obvious for
many months. On January 3 , 1 9 6 1 , the Eisen
hower Administration fnally admitted what
the world had known for years -and severed
diplomatic relations with Castro's government.
Aprimary argument for Kennedy's Trade
Expansion Act ( approved by Congress in
September, 1 96 2 ) was that, by giving the
President authority to negotiate across-the
board reductions in American tarifs ( instead
of item-by-item reductions which the old
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act required) ,
the law would enable the President to get
better tarif concessions from foreign coun
tries.
In various issues of this Report throughout
1 962 I warned that the limitless authority con
ferred on the President to make across-the
board changes in American tarifs would help
foreign industries, not American.
On March 1 8 , 1 96 3 , United States Repre
sentative John H. Dent ( Republican, Pennsyl
vania) , presented a series of documents by the
U. S. Department of Labor, Department of
WHAT Y OU CAN DO
Washington ofcialdom uses your taxes for programs that are creating vast cesspols of waste and corruption
Dan Smoot flm? Have you ever suggested a Bound Volume of The Dan Smoot Report for use by spe
rs,
debaters, students, writers? Have you read and passed on to others any of the Dan Smoot boks The InVHtble
Government, The Hope OJ The World, America's Promise?
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Page 183
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( Add 2% Sales Tax i n Texas )
Commerce, and others, showing that since the
enactment of the Trade Expansion Act, U. S.
business is being hurt by foreign competi
tion. (8)
n the October 1 , 1 962, issue of this Report,
I mentioned unverifed, but plausible, informa
tion about the presence of 2 0 0 0 French-speak
ing colored troops from Ghana, training in
Cuba for infltration and guerrilla warfare In
Haiti.
The State Department ridiculed me for
reporting such unfounded information. In the
May 2 3 , 1 9 6 3 , issue of The Reporter, Adolf
A. Berle ( until recently, Kennedy's advisor on
Latin America ) said:
((I am informed that several months ago a
wave of French-speaking Africans . . . began
to arrive in Havana. As to their numbers
,
the
minimum estimate is 2 5 0 0 ; the maximum
,
1 0, 000 . . . . The general assumption was that
their destination was Haiti."
Keep On Keepi ng On
n 1 78 2 , Thomas Jeferson said:
((It is error alone which needs the sup-
port of government. Truth can stand by
itself. "
Contemporary events prove the accuracy of
that Jefersonian statement. We American
constitutionalists have truth on our side, and
truth is bound to prevail. Let us keep on doing
what we have been doing, but multiply our
eforts. When there are enough aroused and
informed patroits to guarantee that national
legislators like Kuchel get 600, 000 letters a
month, instead of 6, 000, from constituents
whom Kuchel calls right-wing extremists"
( because they want to repeal the income tax,
stop foreign aid, and get out of the UN) , we
can restore the Republic.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Special to the News from Washington, Tbe Dallas Moring News,
June 3. 1 963, Section 1, p. 8
( 2) "Forgotten Page: General Tells of Subversion," by Ralph de Toledano
in Tbe Indianapolis News, reprinted in the Congressional Record, May
1 4, 1 963, p. A3 007
( 3 ) Labor's Interational Network, by Hilaire du Berrier, 1 962
( 4) UPI dispatch from Washington, The Dallas MOYlling News, May 3 1 ,
1 963 , Section , p. 3
( 5 ) "Free Press Maintains Confdence of Public," AP story by J. M.
Roberts, T be Dallas Morning News, November 1, 1 962, Section 1 , p. 8
( 6) Remarks of U. S. Senator Frank ]. Lausche, Congressional Record, May
1 5 , 1 963, pp. 8 1 5 3 -4
( 7) "Urban Renewal's Social Problems," Tbe San Francisco Chronicle,
May 1 6, 1 963
( 8 ) "Tari f Relief a Hoax," remarks of U. S. Representative John H. Dent,
COllgressional Record, March 1 8 , 1 963 , pp. 4 1 92- 8
* * * * *
Page 184
M
Itl Smoot le,ort
Vol. 9, No. 24 ( Broadcast 409) June 1 7, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
POL I T I CAL ACT I ON FOR V4
he frenzied and threatening attack on ttright-wingers"; the farmers' vote in the 1 963
Wheat Referendum; the fact that much of President Kennedy's maj or legislative program
is still being delayed, if not stopped, in Congress ; the fact that ( so far, at least) the present
Congress is voting more nearly in compliance with constitutional principles than any
previous Congress has voted for years ; the fact that many Americans, previously apathetic
about governmental policies, are now gravely concerned about the direction of afairs in
Washington; the fact that even Americans who have always supported the policies of
totalitarian liberalism are now outraged by the gangster-like behavior of the Kennedy
Administration -these are a few of the signs that a prolonged educational efort by
constitutional conservatives has begun to have profound efect.
If the educational work is continued, and supplemented by intelligent political action
from now until election day, 1 964, we can turn the tide against totalitarian liberalism.
I ndependent El ectors
he American Founding Fathers realized that voters on the frontiers and in remote
areas of the Republic in the 1 8 th Century could not get enough information about national
candidates to make an informed choice at the polls. Hence, they devised the Electoral College
system. Voters in each state would elect a group of respected local men ( equal in number
to the state's total delegation in Congress ) , to serve as Presidential Electors. At a fxed time,
the elected Presidential Electors from all states would meet, as an Electoral College, to choose
a President and Vice President of the United States. The Electors were to be independent,
as . individuals, to cast their votes in the Electoral College, as they saw ft. If members of
the Electoral College could not muster a majority vote for one man as President, the presi-
class mail $12.50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14.50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues : 1
Page 185
dential election would be deadlocked; and the
House of Representatives ( each State having
one vote) would elect a President.
This arrangement is still in existence. As the
party system came to dominate American poli
tics, however, the intent and functioning of
the Electoral College system were violated by
the so-called "party pledge" which was pre
sumed to be binding upon Presidential Elec
tors ; and by the custom of "bloc voting" in
the Electoral College.
As the system now works, Democrats and
Republicans each select, in every state, a slate
of Presidential Electors to appear on the bal
lot in the general election. Voters seldom know
the names of the Presidential Electors. Most
voters do not seem to realize they are voting
for electors : they think they are voting for
presidential and vice-presidential candidates.
But, in reality, as vo.ters choose between Re
publican and Democrat nominees, they are
actually voting, not for the nominees, but for
Republican or Democrat electors in their
State. The party electors, who get a majority
of the popular vote, cast the state's entire
electoral vote for party nominees.
oday, there is more practical need for the
pure, constitutional Electoral College System
of selecting a President than there was in the
1 8 th Century. Today, the techniques of mass
propaganda and mass thought-control make
it even more impossible for the average voter
to get credible information about a national
personality running for President.
Present election practices enable political
parties to stampede the public into making a
choice between two presidential candidates
who stand for the same thing -leaving voters
no opportunity to register a preference for a
philosophy of government, but permitting
them only to choose between men whose real
philosophies and personalities have been ob
scured by the bitterness and dishonesty of
party rivalry and by the thunder of political
propaganda.
he remarkable group of statesmen now
known as the Founding Fathers, who wrote
our Constitution in 1 78 7, believed that the
Electoral College System -afording the peo
ple some insulation against the heat and pas
sions of a national election, and providing a
checkmate against the popular tendency to
follow blindly the most famboyant or extrav
agantly fnanced candidate -would have a
better chance to put great men into the Presi
dency than any system of direct elections could
possibly have.
I agree with this view. The present system
produces Presidents who promise one thing
and then, after election, move in the opposite
direction -claiming some emergency as the
reason: in 1 93 2, Roosevelt promised the people
economy and adherence to constitutional
principles, but gave them extravagance and
contempt for the Constitution from 1 9 3 3 on
ward; in 1 940, Roosevelt promised the people
peace, while arranging a war ; in 1 9 5 2, Eisen
hower condemned such dangerous programs as
federal aid to education and promised to clean
up the mess in Washington, but, after election,
recommended more federal aid to education
than any previous President and made the
Washington mess messier ; in 1 960, Kennedy
promised a frm policy with regard to Cuba,
but in 1 9 6 1 made the weak Eisenhower policy
even weaker.
Obviously, a President chosen by the Elec
toral College in the true spirit of the Constitu
tion might also betray his campaign promises ;
but the constitutional way of electing Presi
dents and Vice Presidents of the United States
is, at least, the best known way for this solemn
responsibility to be discharged. Certainly, as
long as it is the constitutionally prescribed
method, it is the one that should be used.
he Independent
-
Electors Movement
now very strong in the states of Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi -
is an efort to re-establish the brilliantly-con
ceived Electoral College System of selecting
Page 186
Presidents and Vice Presidents of the United
States.
But political habits generations old have
tainted, to some degree, operation of the Inde
pendent Electors Movement. In 1 960, for ex
ample, voters in six southern states did "free"
their electors : they elected men, on Democrat
tickets, who were not pledged to support Ken
nedy. It was known that those who supported
the Independent Electors Movement in these
six states expected their Electors not to vote
for Kennedy, under any circumstance. When
the Electoral College met, however, only the
Independent Electors of Mississippi, and half
of those of Alabama refused to vote for Ken
nedy. Electors of four southern states, and half
the Alabama electors, though put on the bal
lots and elected as "independents," voted for
Kennedy in the Electoral College.
I ndependent Voters of the USA
n addition to the Independent Electors
Movement, and various third-party eforts in
several states, two intelligent plans for politi
cal action have originated in Dallas, Texas :
Walter Reed's Independent Voters of the USA,
and Frank McGehee's Political Coordinating
Committee.
The essence of Walter Reed's plan is a
pledge, which all members of Independent
Voters of the USA, are asked to sign:
In the election of 1 964, I pledge to sup
port only those candidates for President and
Vice-President . . . who have shown by past
actions that they will follow closely the Con
stitution of the United States. If neither
major party nominates such candidates, I shall
support any third party candidates who I
know will follow closely the Constitution.
HI pledge not to support, in any way q
Mr. John F. Kennedy, Mr. Robert Kennedy,
Mr. Nelson Rockefeller, or other men of their
viewpoin t. "
Independent Voters will concentrate on re
cruiting members in 1 1 southern states. They
feel there is broader public opposition to Ken-
nedy Democrats and Rockefeller Republicans
in the South than elsewhere, and believe that,
if constitutional conservatives can control the
1 2 8 electoral votes of the South, they can con
trol the presidential election in 1 9 64 or,
at least, deny victory to either Kennedy or
Rockefeller.
Independent Voters will try to get third
party electors for presidential and vice-presi
dential candidates on the ballot in all southern
states. Some, or all, of the 1 1 southern states
may agree on the same third party and the
same candidates ; or, each state may have an
independent third party, running its own can
didates for President and Vice President. In
some southern states, where a respectable third
party already exists, constitutionalists may
support its eforts to get on the ballot with elec
tors who will vote only for constitutionalist
candidates. In other states, constitutionalists
may organize a new party.
The idea is to get on the ballot, in every
southern state, with presidential and vice-pres
idential electors who are constitutionalists.
Once organized and on the ballot with some
kind of constitutionalist third party in 1 1
southern states, the Independent Voters will
go to leaders of both major parties and say:
If, in your 1 964 national convention, you
nominate genuine, proven, constitutionalist
conservatives for President and Vice Presi
dent, we will disband our third-party move
ments in the southern states and give you
maximum support. If you do not select candi
dates whom constitutionalists like, we will re
double our eforts and guarantee that your
candidates will lose the 1 2 8 electoral votes of
the South; and without those southern elec
toral votes, your candidates cannot win.
f -as is most likely -both Democrats
and Republicans spurn constitutional con
servatives in 1 964 and select Kennedy and
Rockefeller ( or others like them) , the people
of the South, with good third-party candidates
already on the ballot, will have a chance to
keep either the Republican or the Democrat
Page 187
from getting the 1 2 8 southern Electoral Col
lege votes. This would throw the presidential
election into the House of Representatives. If
conservatives in the 3 9 states outside the South
support this movement to the extent of elect
ing constitutionalists to the House of Repre
sentatives, the House would elect a constitu
tionalist to be President.
The Independent Voters plan, to get third
party electors on the ballots even in the fve
southern states where the Independent Elec
tors Movement is already strong, is intended
to give voters some protection against a repeti
tion of what happened in 1 960. The Inde
pendent Voters can have direct interviews with
every Independent Elector who may be on the
ballot in 1 9 64, explaining to the elector his
right, if elected, to vote in the Electoral College
as he pleases, but pinning him down to a specifc
promise that he will vote only for constitution
alist candidates, regardless of party label. If the
Independent Electors in any state refuse to give
clear and unequivocal promise, the conserva
tives can reject the Independent Electors in
that state and vote for the third-party electors
who are constitutionalists.
he Independent Voters plan is sound.
Every constitutional conservative ( not j ust in
1 1 southern states, but in all 5 0 states ) who
really wants to do something to obviate the
disaster of a Rockefeller-versus-Kennedy pres
idential election in 1 9 64 -and who is not
already in touch with a movement which looks
better to him than the Independent Voters
plan -should write immediately, for full in
formation, to Walter Reed, Independent Vot
ers of the USA, P. O. Box 969 1 , Dallas 1 4,
Texas.
Pol itical Coordi nati ng Committee
rank McGehee organized the National
Indignation Convention in 1 9 6 1 . For the past
several months, he has been working, with
considerable progress, on a plan for political
action in 1 9 64. His obj ective is the same as that
of Walter Reed.
McGehee's Political Coordinating Commit
tee is working nation-wide, and exclusively
within the framework of the Republican and
Democrat parties -on the presumption that
there are enough well-informed constitutional
conservatives to capture control of one or both
major political parties, if the conservatives will
go to work now, recruiting and organizing for
political activity, in both parties, at all levels,
from neighborhood precincts to the national
conventions of 1 9 64.
If their activities were properly organized
and directed, constitutional conservatives
could win control of a majority of the political
precincts of both parties, in a majority of the
counties, in most states of the Union. If this
were done, conservatives would control county
political conventions which elect delegates to
state conventions. At the state conventions,
conservative delegates, having a majority,
would select conservatives as delegates to the
national conventions -and would also select
the slates of Presidential Electors to appear on
ballots in the 1 964 general elections. These
Presidential Electors, selected because they are
constitutionalists, would vote only for a con
stitutionalist as President, regardless of party
label.
f the Political Coordinating Committee's
plan of action at precinct, county, and state
levels works successfully in both parties and in
most states, then both Republicans and Demo
crats in 1 964 will have national conventions
controlled by conservatives and will therefore
select conservatives as their presidential and
vice-presidential candidates ; and voters, at the
polls, can make their choice on the basis of
personal or party preference.
If the plan works successfully in only one
major party ( Republican, let us say) , then the
Republican National Convention of 1 9 64 will
nominate constitutional conservatives and the
Democrats will nominate Kennedy and John
son, or some other pair of totalitarian liberals.
Page 188
This would give voters a clearcut choice
between freedom and socialism.
If the plan works successfully in only a few
states, then, obviously, the conservative dele
gates which those states send to the Republican
and Democrat national conventions of 1 964
will be outvoted; and both conventions will
do as they have been doing every presidential
election year for more than a quarter of a
century: they will write socialist platforms
( while paying lip service to freedom and con
stitutional government ) ; and they will nomi
nate totalitarian liberals who pretend reverence
for the Constitution which they obviously
despise.
In this event, however, the Political Coordi
nating Committee's plan of action would still
have on the ballot, in the few states where it
worked successfully, Presidential Electors,
known to be constitutionalists, who would not
vote for their party nominees. If this happened
in enough states to deny the presidential elec
tion to either Democrats or Republicans, it
would have the same efect that the Indepen
dent Voters plan and the Independent Electors
Movement would have -it would throw the
presidential election into the House of Rep
resentatives, where conservatives would have
a chance to make their voices heard.
ndividuals interested in the Political Co
ordinating Committee plan of action, within
the Democrat and Republican parties, should
write to Frank McGehee, 3 73 7 Van Ness Lane,
Dallas 20, Texas.
Though the Independent Voters plan and
the Political Coordinating Committee plan are
diferent, and though they are rivals in the
sense that individuals may make a choice
between supporting one or the other, they are
not in conflict. Indeed, they complement each
other well.
Walter Reed and Frank McGehee are young,
relatively unknown, and, as organizers of
political action, relatively inexperienced. But
the "old hands" have done nothing efective
for the past three decades, and have produced
nothing new or promising for 1 964. It is time
for conservatives to support young men with
enough dedication and energy to try some
thing sensible which shows promise -unless
they can efectively organize something better.
Gol dwater
êither of the political-action plans, dis
cussed above, conficts with plans of other con
servatives to promote such men as Senator
Barry Goldwater ( Republican, Arizona) as
presidential candidates in 1 9 64.
Goldwater has a good voting record in the
Senate, and has made numerous stands and
statements in support of constitutional prin
ciples. He does have what is called "political
glamor, " and is a better conservative than any
other Republican who is equally well known
throughout the nation.
Ln the other hand:
-In the 1 9 5 0's, Goldwater joined the Na
tional Association for the Advancement of
Colored People and contributed $400 to that
hate-inciting organization, which supports
every major federal program to undermine the
American constitutional system.
(
1 )
-Goldwater has praised Governor Nelson
Rockefeller as a beacon of courage
, ,
(
2
) and
has made numerous statements to the efect
that there "are only very slight policy difer
ences" between him and Rockefeller. (3)
-On April 1 4, 1 9 6 1 , Goldwater, in a
speech to the Senate, said he was in favor of
Kennedy's Peace Corps idea. (4)
-On August 9, 1 9 6 1 , Goldwater said that
Republicans should not waste their time op
posing the re-election of Senator J. William
Fulbright in Arkansas. Goldwater remarked
that We [meaning Republicans] don't have
anything against BiI1.
, ,
(
5)
-On March 3 1 , 1 962, Goldwater praised
Robert F. Kennedy as a "hard-hitting salesman
Page 189
of American ideals" and expressed a wish that
Kennedy could become a full-time, roving
ambassador" for the United States. Goldwater
was referring to Robert F. Kennedy's trip
through the Far East, Europe, and elsewhere.
One of Robert F. Kennedy's most widely pub
licized statements on this trip was an apology
to the world for American behavior in the
Mexican War of the 1 9th Century -the war
which brought California and Texas, and a
portion of Arizona, into the American Union.
Goldwater said he had ((a great regard for
Bobby.
,
, (
6
)
5enator Goldwater's greatest disservice to
the conservative movement occurred in 1 960.
Many conservative leaders started as early as
1 9 5 8 , spending their time and money promot
ing Barry Goldwater as a candidate for Presi
dent. Some who liked Goldwater feared, how
ever, that he lacked the forceful qualities of
leadership necessary if conservatives were to
have any influence on the platform or nomi
nations of the 1 960 Republican National Con
vention; and that Goldwater, being, above all,
a Republican party man, would throw his
support behind anyone whom the Republicans
might nominate in 1 960.
Throughout 1 9 5 8 , 1 9 5 9, and early 1 960,
many conservatives were worried about the
drive to pin all hope on Goldwater. They felt
it was all right to support Goldwater, but
believed that some time and money should be
put in an efort ( then being made without
adequate fnancing or leadership) to get Inde
pendent Electors or third-party candidates on
the ballots in 1 960 -so that, if Goldwater
weakened and threw his support to someone
like Nixon or Rockefeller in 1 960, conserva
tives would still have a chance to accomplish
something.
Others were convinced that, if conservatives
could show real strength at the 1 960 Republi
can National Convention, Goldwater would
fght for his own nomination, and would bolt
the Convention and lead a protest movement
if the Convention nominated Nixon or Rocke
feller or anyone like them.
The counsel of caution was ignored. Impor
tant conservative leaders put all their efort
behind Goldwater ; and they made a tremen
dous show of strength for him at the 1 960
Republican National Convention. Even left
wing commentators covering the Convention
( Edward R. Murrow and Eric Sevareid, for
example) observed, during the opening days
of that gathering, that it was a Goldwater
Convention, emphatically.
Goldwater gave the conservatives no leader
ship whatever. He spurned their pleas for lead
ership. At a critical moment, he folded and
gave his support to Nixon. Thus, in 1 960,
Goldwater, in efect, played the role of a Judas
goat, leading the conservative political move
ment up a blind alley where it was blackj acked.
Lonservatives now booming Goldwater for
President in 1 964 should take the precaution
they failed to take prior to 1 960. They should
continue to support Goldwater if they think
this a good means of building conservative
strength in the Republican Party; but, for the
sake of our Republic, they should not devote
all of their political efort to Goldwater. They
should give some of their time and money to
eforts which will put constitutionalists on the
ballots as Presidential Electors in 1 9 64, so that,
if Goldwater again fails the cause, all con
stitutional conservatives will have some place
to go, and some genuine choice to make, on
election day.
Thurmond and Others
5enator Strom Thurmond ( Democrat,
South Carolina) is, in my opinion, the best
conservative in the Senate. There is consider
able support for Thurmond as a presidential
candidate in 1 9 64 -among various third
party groups, and also within the Democrat
Party.
Page 190
Do not believe the political cliche that a
southerner could not be elected President. The
people of the nation would elect as President
a real constitutional conservative, regardless
of what section he comes from, if they had a
chance. It does seem obvious, however, that a
southerner has little chance to be nominated
for PresideIt, by either major political party.
My advice to Thurmond supporters, there
fore, is essentially the same as my advice to
Goldwater supporters -and to supporters of
other known conservatives, such as Senator
John Tower ( Republican, Texas ) : support
your favorite conservative if you feel that this
helps build conservative strength in one of the
two major parties, or if it helps strengthen
some intelligent third-party movement in your
state ; but, beyond that, work to get constitu
tional conservatives on the ballot in all states,
as Presidential Electors, in 1 9 64. This is the
only way to guarantee that conservatives will
have a chance to act politically, in the interest
of saving our Republic, if Republicans and
Democrats give us the tweedle-dee, tweedle
dum choice of Kennedy versus Rockefeller
or a choice equally dismal, and harmful to the
cause of liberty.
Reports On Disarmament
he imminent possibility of a Kennedy dis
armament decision, which could surrender
American independence and leave our nation
helpless, troubles every well-informed patriot.
This subj ect was discussed in three recent is
sues of this Report -Disarmament -Parts
I, II and III, dated May 6, May 1 3 , and May
20, 1 96 3 . Background material on the subj ect
is in three older Reports, which are still avail
able: "Disarmament -Surrender to World
WHA T YOU CAN DO
Washington ofcialdom uses your taxes for programs that are creating vast cesspools of waste and corruption
Dan Smoot flm? Have you ever suggested a Bound Volume of The Dan Smoot Report for use by spe
rs,
debaters, students, writers? Have you read and passed on to others any of the Dan Smoot boks The Invtsble
Subscription:
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Page 191
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( Add 2% Sales Tax in Texas)
Government, " dated March 2 8 , 1 96 0 ; " Stra
tegic Surrender, " dated December 1 1 , 1 96 1 ;
and "Defense or Surrender? " dated March 2 6,
1 962.
These three old issues and the recent three
part series on disarmament are available as a
set of 6 for $ 1 . 00.
Have You Seen Thi s?
AUnited Press International dispatch with
a Frankfurt, Germany, dateline, published in
the May 3 0, 1 96 3 , issue of The Los Angeles
Times:
((Ofcial u.s. sources indicated Wednesday
that overseas civilian employees of the Penta
gon and wives and older children of American
servicemen stationed abroad soon may be
required to wear uniforms, making them sub
ject to military trial.
((An Air Force spokesman said the Army
and Air Force were considering a plan along
these lines devised by Maj. Gen. Albert M.
Kuhfeld, judge advocate of the Air Force.
( (The Kuhfeld plan was intended to solve
the problem created by the u.s. Supreme
Court's 1 9 5 7 ruling that servicemen's rela-
tives and civilian employees abroad could not
be court-martialed for capital crimes.
uThe spokesman said the plan envisions the
creation of a (military support corps' for
soldiers' and airmen's dependents over 1 8.
((No one would be required to join either
corps, but no one who refused to do so would
be sent abroad by the armed forces, the spokes
man said.
UThe Overseas Family, a private publica
tion, published an interview with Kuhfeld
saying that members of the proposed corps
also would be required to sign a statement
waiving the right to civilian trial before being
sent overseas."
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "People," The Dallas Morning News, March 27, 1 963,
Section 1 , p. 3
( 2 ) "Judd Says G.O.P. Lost By Frauds," by Wayne Phillips,
The New York Times, January 29, 1 961
( 3) AP dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Morning
News, April 1 7, 1 961
( 4) Remarks of u.S. Senator Barry Goldwater, Congressional
Record, April 14, 1 961 , p. 5 5 69
( 5 ) "Goldwater Sees No GOP Efort on Fulbright," AP
story from Washington, The Dallas Times Herald, August
9, 1 961 , p. A-26
( 6) "Bob Kennedy Ideal Envoy, Admiring Goldwater Says,"
UPI dispatch from New York City, The Dallas Times
Herald, April 1 , 1 962, p. A-2
* * * * *
Born in Missouri, reared in Texas, Dan Smot went to SMU in Dallas, getting BA and MA degrees in 1938 and
programs, Smoot spoke to a national audience, giving bot h sides of controversial issues.
available for commercial spnsorship, anywhere in the United States.
Page 192
.
M
1
11 Smoot Report
Vol. 9
,
No. 25 ( Broadcast 41 0) June 24, 1963 Dallas, Texas
WAS HI NGTON: THE MODE L CI TY
Ln January 1 8 , 1 96 3 , President Kennedy said of Washington, D. C. :
DAN SMOOT
((Let us make it a city of which the nation may be proud -an example and a show
place for the rest of the world. "
The remark was strangely reminiscent of one made by President Eisenhower nine years
before. When the Supreme Court handed down its school desegregation decision in May,
1 9 5 4, President Eisenhower, praising the Court, urged Washington, D. C. , ofcials to
hasten integration of public schools, in order to make the capital city a model for the
nation. District school ofcials complied immediately.
At the time of integration, the District of Columbia school system was rated among
the best in the nation. Twenty-nine months later -in September, 1 9 5 6 -a Congres
sional subcommittee began an investigation to fnd out how racial integration of public
schools was working out. United States Representative James C. Davis ( Democrat,
Georgia) was Chairman of the subcommittee. Mr. William Gerber served as counsel.
The following are excerpts from the subcommittee's transcript of hearings on September
1 9 , 1 9 5 6.
TESTIMONY OF MR. C. MELVIN SHARPE, PRESIDENT OF THE DIS
TRICT OF COLUMBIA BOARD OF EDUCATION:
MR. GERBER: Mr. Sharpe, prior to September of 1 9 5 4 under what system were the
District of Columbia schools operated?
MR. SHARPE: They were operated on what we call the dual system of schools. We
had Division 1 , which was to designate the white schools, and Division No. 2, designated
for colored.
Page 193
MR. GERBER: . . . did the two school sys
ters . . . have access to the same curriculum?
MR. SHARPE: They did.
MR. GERBER: Did they have access to the
same textbooks ?
MR. SHARPE: . . . I had every reason to
believe that there had been no discrimination
whatsoever in the textbooks, the schools, build
ings, teachers and whatnot. We had a very
emine:t man in charge of Division 2 . . . a
colored man . . . . I thought he did an
admirable j ob.
MR. GERBER: How long after . . . [the
Supreme Court decision of May 1 7, 1 9 5 4 ]
was handed down did the Board of Educa
tion vote to integrate the District of Columbia
schools ?
MR. SHARPE: . . . within two weeks.
MR. GERBER: Mr. Sharpe, do you fnd
that, after the schools were integrated, a great
many white children . . . withdrew from the
public schools ?
MR. SHARPE: I did.
MR. GERBER: Where did they go? . . .
MR. SHARPE: . . . to Virginia and Mary-
land, and . . . private schools . . . .
MR. GERBER: . . . Was it the contention
of the proponents of integration . . . that in
tegration would reduce the cost of operation
of the schools ?
MR. SHARPE : Yes, sir ; that was the profes
sional advice we received.
MR. GERBER: That professional advice,
you found, was all wrong?
MR. SHARPE: That is right.
DEPOSITION OF MR. JOHN PAUL
COLLINS WHO WAS TOO ILL TO AP
PEAR BEFORE THE COMMITTEE:
My name is John Paul Collins. After 3 4
years in the District of Columbia school sys
tem, I retired last year as a result of ill health
directly attributable to the conditions that
developed in Eastern High School after the
integration of the District Schools. During my
tenure in the District school system I served
as principal at Anacostia High School and
Eastern High School.
After integration of the schools in 1 9 5 4,
. . . the problem of discipline was tremen
dous . . . .
At times, I heard colored girls at the school
use language that was far worse than I have
ever heard, even in the Marine Corps.
White children manifested a spirit of co
operation to help the colored children become
acclimated, but these eforts were not particu
larly successful.
Fighting, including several knifngs, went
on continuously . . . .
There have been more thefts at Eastern in
the last two years than I had known in all my
3 0-odd years in the school system. A teacher,
still active at Eastern, told me recently that
stealing is now so rife at the school that it is
no longer practical to attempt to report all
stealing incidents.
There were many sex problems during the
year following integration . . . . I overhead two
colored boys making obscene remarks about
white girls who were passing in the hall. I
promptly suspended the boys, until such time
as I could get satisfactory assurances from their
parents that they would discontinue such con
duct. My authority to do this was questioned
by the administration, but I stuck to my guns.
White girls complained of being touched by
colored boys in a suggestive manner when pass
ing them in the halls. One white girl left school
one afternoon and was surrounded by a group
of colored boys and girls. One of the colored
boys put a knife at her back, marched her
down an alley and backed her up against a
wall. While the group debated as to whether
they should make her take her clothes of, she
broke away and ran home . . . .
On another occasion a colored girl com
plained to me that a colored boy had exposed
himself to her in the classroom. I got hold of
the boy and found him to have a record of
sex ofenses, and recommended that he be re-
Page 194
moved from Eastern. This recommendation
was accepted.
Never in all of my experience have I ob
served such flthy and revolting habits in the
lavatories. Some of the urinals were completely
torn away from the walls. Nothing like this
had ever occurred prior to integration . . . .
Colored children have been known to forge
names at the school bank.
There were a dozen or more colored girls
who became pregnant during my last year at
Eastern. Pregnancy among white girls was
very rare, and had occurred only in isolated
instances.
Superintendent Corning ordered all school
records to be kept without regard to race. This
order was repeated several times during the
school year.
The colored students dominated the failing
groups, which were much larger than any year
before integration . . . .
The average colored student cannot keep
up with the average white students academ
ically . . . .
I can say from experience that integration
has brought about a lowering of public-school
standards and student academic achievement
in the District public schools. It has created
problems of discipline that have disrupted edu
cational processes. It has created grave social
problems that cannot be solved under existing
circumstances . . . .
TES TI MONY OF MR. HUGH
STEWART SMITH, WHO HAD BEEN
PRINCIPAL OF JEFFERSON JUNIOR
HIGH SCHOOL, WASHINGTON, D. C. ,
FOR 2 6 YEARS :
MR. GERBER: Prior to integration, was
this an all-white school ?
MR. SMITH : Yes.
MR. GERBER: Mr. Smith, what was the
percentage of white and colored in your school
last year ?
MR. SMITH: About 5 5
p
er cent Negro;
45 per cent white . . . .
MR. GERBER: Mr. Smith, after the in
tegration of the school systems here in the
District of Columbia, did you encounter any
unusual disciplinary problems ?
MR. SMITH: . . . you get many of these
[colored] children who thought that you got
what you wanted by fghting. We had a great
deal of attempting to get, let us say, small bits
of money from children at lunchtime . . . . I
think we had threats for the frst time, to both
the person and property of teachers . . . .
MR. GERBER: Does the disciplinary prob
lem . . . have any efect on the teachers' being
able to teach?
MR. SMITH: Any time you have discipline
problems, that happens. That is one of the
areas that I think we have been unable to en
tirely cope with in our public schools. We have
no way to put these children who are vicious
out of the school, for any reason at all. The law
says they are to be in school until they are 1 6
years old.
MR. GERBER: Mr. Smith, did you fnd
that the Negro pupils that came to your junior
high school from the colored schools were
proper I y graded?
MR. SMITH: I can't tell how they were
graded in the elementary school, but the chil
dren who came to me were very much retarded,
far more than our white children had been.
Also, many of them had been passed when they
hadn't gone to school. . . .
We had a few children who were in our top
group, but had I gone completely on the
records of achievement, even those few colored
children in that top group would probably
not have been able to be there . . . .
MR. GERBER: Mr. Smith, has there been
a diference in the LQ. of the students that you
had previous to integration, and what you have
got now?
MR. SMITH : Yes, sir ; that has fallen every
year. I think that I would like to have you
realize that I am in a part of our city which
has always been a low economic area. It has
always been that. But 1 0 years ago we had an
Page 195
average LQ. for the school of 96 , and this year
it has dropped down to 8 5 . With the incoming
seventh grade, the average is 8 2, so it is still
going down.
MR. GERBER: . . . Don't you think that
the . . . upper-grade students have sufered
educationally as a result of being mixed with
these lower-achievement students ?
MR. SMITH: Not in the j unior high school.
We . . . group children according to their
achievements. In the top group, even when we
began integration, we had frankly only a few
Negro children who achieved what the white
children were achieving, and they went into
the group, but the bottom groups were almost
entirely Negro children . . . .
CONGRESSMAN WILLIAMS: Do you
nO,tice a diference in white children's rate of
achievement coming from those same neigh
borhoods, with the same economic status as
their colored neighbors ?
MR. SMITH : Yes.
CONGRESSMAN WILLIAMS: Then, on
the basis of that, could you say that environ
ment and economic status are not the sole con
tributing factors to that condition?
MR. SMITH : Yes, sir.
TESTIMONY OF MRS. HELEN R.
MAGUIRE, PRINCIPAL OF DAVIS
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, WASHING
TON, D. C. :
MR. GERBER: Mrs. Maguire . . . what [is]
your school population?
MRS. MAGUIRE: . . . about 77 5 . . . . It is
about 90 [per cent] colored and 1 0 per cent
white . . . . And two years ago it was a white
neighborhood.
MR. GERBER: What is it now?
MRS. MAGUIRE: Well, it is mostly a
colored neighborhood. And it will be, as soon
as the people can sell their houses. They are
all for sale. All the white people's houses . . . .
MR. GERBER: Mrs. Maguire, did you have
any trouble about the demotion of a child in
your school last year?
MRS. MAGUIRE: Not last year, but the
frst year I had one little boy who was a dis
turbance. He was an emotional problem. He
did absolutely nothing in the classroom but
upset the classroom. And I put him from a
frst grade to a kindergarten, simply to study
him. I didn't know what to do with him. He
upset everybody in the classroom. And I said
to the kindergarten teacher, Let's put him
here and let him come three hours a day, and
maybe we can fnd the best place for him. "
MR. GERBER: And what happened about
that ? Did you get a call from anybody about
i t?
MRS. MAGUIRE: I got a call from the
mother frst, asking me about it, and I wrote
her a note and explained why we were doing
it. And at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, after
school was dismissed, I got a call from a Dr.
Knox, I think it is, from Howard University.
And he was head of the -he told me that
he was head of the educational committee for
the NAACP and that he wanted to know why
I had put this child back. And the mother had
called him, he said, and he was very adamant
as to why I had put the child back to the
kindergarten. The child was old enough to be
in the frst grade, and that is where he should
b " e.
And I said, Well, " -I tried to explain to
him the conditions.
But I said, Dr. Knox, I have been in the
school system 3 5 years, and you are the frst
person from any organization that has ever
questioned what we do to children when we
are trying to do the best we can. "
And so he talked on, and he said, "Still, that
child should be in the frst grade. He is old
enough to be in the frst grade, so you put
him there. "
He said, I will give you three days, and
then you will hear from me again. "
Well, you can imagine the condition I was
in . . . . It was the frst time anything like that
had ever happened to me, and I reall
y
was ver
y
upset. I didn' t do it. I studied the child. And
Page 196
when I made my study, I put him where he
should be . . . . And I didn't hear any more
of it.
CONGRESSMAN WILLIAMS: Mrs. Ma
guire, would you . . . venture an opinion as to
whether the level of school achievement, on
the average, is as good today among the stu
dents as it was two years ago?
MRS. MAGUIRE: Oh, no. It isn't. It is way
down
:
And the teachers are saying to me, "We
have J ust got to lower everything we do. " And
the spark is gone . . . .
TESTIMONY OF MRS. KATHERINE
REID, TEACHER AT TYLER SCHOOL ,
WASHINGTON, D. C. :
MR. GERBER: Do you remember approxi
mately how many children you had to teach
last year?
MRS. REID: I had 4 1 children, 3 1 colored.
MR. GERBER: And 1 0 white?
MRS. REID : Yes.
MR. GERBER: Mrs. Reid, did you fnd any
disciplinary problem in your class and in your
school, after the schools were integrated, that
you didn't have prior to integration?
MRS. REID: I found it very difcult. White
teachers are not supposed to use corporal
punishment, and I found it very hard to make
the colored children do what I told them. And
one day I was talking to a little colored girl,
and one of the colored boys said, "Miss Reid,
why don't you stop talking to her and bat her
over the head, the way her last teacher did? "
. . . I did fnd them hard to control.
MR. GERBER: Did you have any sex prob
lems in your third and fourth grades in that
elementary school ? . . .
MRS. REID : Well, I had a colored boy
who was very fresh with a little white girl.
And I spoke to the little white girl and told
her to go back to her seat and told the colored
boy to take his seat, and he said, "Don't you
want us to be friends ? " And I said, "Yes, I
want you to be friends, but right now I want
you to work and do your school work, and
this has nothing to do with what you have
been doing. "
.
And then I had a colored boy who exposed
hImself to a white girl. He did it several times.
Finally, in exasperation, I said to the white
girl, "Just don' t look. "
CONGRESSMAN DAVIS: Is that a con
stant thing, then, this sex situation? . . .
MRS. REID: Well, I wouldn't say it was
constant . . . . I had these two incidents which
stand out in my mind. There were plenty of
others in the bathrooms, in the lavatories. I
mean, teachers were" constantly on guard. But
I wouldn't want to use the word "constant. "
CONGRESSMAN DAVIS: Was last year
the frst year those conditions had existed?
MRS. REID : Well, last year was the frst
year I had colored children. I don' t remem
ber any particular ones with white children,
of that particular kind.
MR. GERBER: Did you have any destruc
tion of property there in the school that you
didn't have prior to integration?
MRS. REID : Yes. Books, pencils ; the books
were terrible. I mean, their misuse of books.
MR. GERBER: You mean the students
would steal books ?
MRS. REID: I mean they would bat each
other over the heads with the books.
TESTIMONY OF MR. AR THUR
STOREY, PRINCIPAL OF THE Mc
FARLAND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL,
WASHINGTON, D. C. :
MR. GERBER: Mr. Storey, what was the
school population at McFarland last year, do
you recall ?
MR. STOREY: Our maximum enrollment
last year was about 1 , 3 00 a a . . I would esti
mate it is between 60 and 70 per cent
[ colored] . . . .
MR. GERBER: Mr. Storey, can you tell
us about some of the disciplinary problems
you had last year?
Page 197
MR. STOREY: Yes. They would be such
things as stealing, boys feeling girls . . . dis
obedience in the class room, failure to obey
teachers, carrying knives, and that type of
thing.
MR. GERBER: I will ask you if during last
year it was necessary for you to have the police
at the school ?
MR. STOREY: Oh, yes . . . .
CONGRESSMAN WILLIAMS : Did you
fnd it necessary during your entire tenure as
principal to request poJice assistance . . . to
keep order, pnor to . . . integrating the
schools ?
MR. STOREY: No, sir.
CONGRESSMAN WILLIAMS : Could you
tell us from . . . memory how many times in
1 9 5 5 . . . you found it necessary to request
police assistance?
MR. STOREY: . . . I imagine around 5 0
times. (
1
)
The Horror Spreads
he Supreme Court's Mallory Case deci
sion in 1 9 5 7 made matters even worse. Andrew
R. Mallory, a 1 9-year-old-negro, confessed to
raping a woman in the cellar of her apartment
house ( where he caught her while she was do
ing the family washing) . Mallory was tried
and convicted in a Washington District Court.
His conviction was upheld by the Court of
Appeals.
The conviction was reversed by the Supreme
Court in a unanimous opinion written by
Justice Frankfurter, who referred to the con
fessed rapist as a " 1 9-year-old lad. " The Su
preme Court did not suggest that there was any
doubt about Mallory's guilt. There was no
question of police brutality or third-degree
treatment. The Supreme Court caused Mal
lory to be set free and go unpunished for his
crime, merely because the police had ques
tioned him before his formal arraignment. The
decision means that Washington police cannot
question a suspect before he is formally arrested
and arraigned unless the suspect agrees. If he
is arrested, he cannot be questioned at all, with
out his consent. (2)
hen police are prohibited from ques
tioning suspects -particularly in such crimes
as rape, where material evidence of guilt is
often non-existent or extremely difcult to
obtain -police are almost helpless to aford
society adequate protection. Since the Mallory
case decision, hideous incidents have become
commonplace in our nation's capital.
A congressional secretary was stabbed and
robbed by a negro while she knelt to pray in
St. Peter's Catholic Church on Capitol Hill.
The wife of a general was attacked in her bath
tub, by a negro who had broken into her home.
Two negroes broke into an apartment at mid
day and attacked the granddaughter of a
Washington ofcial. A retired minister's wife
was criminally assaulted in her own home.
Mrs. Brooks Hays, wife of a Special Assistant
to the President, was robbed and injured by
a 1 7-year-old negro who forced his way into
her bedroom.
A 79-year-old colored Baptist preacher,
living in retirement in Washington, took a
stroll in his neighborhood one Saturday eve
ning after dinner. Four young negroes robbed
him and beat him to death. The killers got
$ 1 . 29 -which they spent on cakes and soft
drinks immediately after leaving the old man
dying on the street. There were several wit
nesses to the murder, but none ofered the old
man any help, and none would ofer the police
any help in identifying the murderers.
Whether the witnesses were afraid or in
diferent, no one really knows. (3)
These are typical of recent incidents which
came to public attention.
Ln Thanksgiving Day last year, 48 , 000
spectators attended a high school champion
ship football game at District of Columbia
Stadium. The rival teams were from St. John's
Catholic High School ( practically all-white)
and Eastern High School ( practically all-
Page 198
colored) . The huge crowd was approximately
90% negro.
The white team won the game; and thou
sands of negro spectators swarmed through the
stadium, parking lots and surrounding neigh
borhood, clubbing, stabbing, beating, pelting
every white person ( man, woman, or child)
whom they could reach. Police were over
whelmed, unable to maintain order -which
was restored only after the violence had burned
itself out and the white victims had escaped
the area.
Ln March 1 2 , 1 96 3 , a 2 1 -year-old negro
( with a police record of arrests, convictions,
and paroles dating back to 1 9 5 3 ) snatched
the handbag of a young white woman ( a clerk
in the Navy Bureau of Weapons ) who was six
months pregnant. She chased the man for
several blocks, calling for help. No one at
tempted to help in any way -until two
policemen heard her cries and saw the man
she was following. They cornered the negro,
who fought and broke away. One policeman
( a rookie) pulled his gun and ordered the
negro to halt. The negro kept running. The
policeman fred one shot and killed the man.
A District Coroner's Jury found that the
policeman had acted properly in line of duty.
The Metropolitan Washington Citizens' Crime
Commission commended the ofcer for
prompt and courageous . . . assistance to a
victim of a crime. "
But the Washington Chapter of CORE
( Congress of Racial Equality) protested this
incident as evidence of police brutality, " say
ing the policeman had "murdered" the negro.
The Washington branch of the NAACP ( Na
tional Association for the Advancement of
Colored People) and the Urban League also
protested. (4
)
The Showpl ace
Lisenhower and Kennedy said integration
should convert Washington into a model and
showplace, and that has happened. Washington
has become a showplace -as the sick capital
of the American Republic.
In 1 9 5 0, the total population of Washing
ton was 8 0 2 , 1 78 . Of that total, 5 1 8 , 207 were
whites ; 2 8 3 , 97 1 were negroes. In 1 960, the
total population was 763 , 9 5 6. Of that total,
3 43 , 3 0 8 were whites ; 42 0, 648 were negroes.
The white population decreased 1 74, 899. The
negro population increased 1 3 6, 677.
Between 1 9 5 0 and 1 960, the white popula
tion of Washington decreased 3 3 %; the negro
population increased 48% -resulting in a
net population decrease of 5 %, during a ten
year period when most other major American
cities were growing enormously.
As the negroes continue to pour in, the
whites continue to flee ; and the social blight
spreads.
In 1 960, negroes constituted 5 4. 8 % of the
total population of the nation's capital. They
commit 8 4. 6% of all reported crimes.
( 5 )
Major churches in Washington bar their
doors against all visitors who cannot identify
themselves ; and women staf workers are
warned to admit no one on church properties
if there are not enough male staf members
present to ofer the women protection.
(6)
Sex crimes have become so numerous in the
nation's capital that police have instituted an
escort service for women workers going to and
from work at certain times and in certain
sections of the city. Some of the sections where
this escort service is necessary are around
Capitol Hill. Indeed, the Supreme Court has
issued an ofcial bulletin, warning women em
ployees to take full advantage of the police
escort serVIce.
It is impossible for police to guard and pro
tect all the women of Washington, so many
must look to their own protection. Washing
ton stores now sell small tear-gas pens and
pocket-size sirens which women can carry in
their purses. ( In 1 962, the American Embassy
in Leopoldville ordered some of these devices
for the protection of white women in that
Congo city, after two of the embassy women
had been assaulted on the streets ) .
Page 199
A negro arrested for robbing liquor stores
in daylight explained he prefers daytime opera
tions because he is afraid to carry money on
the streets at night.
(6)
Venereal disease is reaching epidemic pro
portions among Washington teenagers. Prac
tically all of those infected are negroes. One
out of every 5 children born in the nation's
capital is illegitimate : 92% of the illegitimates
are negroes. In 1 9 6 1 , Washington's crime rate
was up 4 1 % over the 1 9 5 8 - 1 960 average ; the
national increase for that period was 1 4%. ( 5)
êgroes constitute 8 5 % of the public
school population in Washington. Hence
almost total segregation is again in efect, nine
years after Eisenhower ordered immediate,
compulsory integration as a means of making
the Washington school system a model for the
nation. Schools that were all white are now
all negro. A few predominantly-white schools
remain -in expensive neighborhoods where
high-salaried governmental ofcials and
wealthy persons live. The few white children
who remain in predominantly-negro schools
belong to families who cannot aford to move
or send their children to private schools, or
elsewhere.
Apologists for the situation claim that the
negroes behave as they do, because they have
been mistreated in the South and have never
had a chance ; but the truth is that policies of
the federal government -in the hands of
politicians, both Republican and Democrat,
who degrade the whole nation by bidding for
negro votes -have created the ugly sore in
Washington, D. C. And the sore is rapidly
spreading, through cities all across the land -
with the President of the United States him
self encouraging a lawless minority to insur
rection and civil disturbance which threaten
to become bloody revolution.
NEXT WEEK: More on the racial problem.
FOOTNOTES
( I ) "Congress Hears -How Mixed Schools Are Working In Washington,"
U. S. News & World Report, September 2 8 , 1 9 5 6, DD. 98 - 1 07
( 2) Statement by U. S. Senator William E. Jenner ( Republican, Indiana)
to the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, August 7, 1 9 5 7
( 3 ) Th, EVe/lillg Star, Washington, D. c. , April 1 9 , 1 963
( 4) Remarks of U. S. Representative Wi lliam B. Widnall ( Republican,
New Jersey) , COllgressiollal Record, March 1 8 , 1 963 , DD. 4209- 1 1
( 5 ) "The Blight in the Nation's Capital," U. S. News & \orld Report,
February 1 8. 1 963 , pp. 3 7-9
( 6) "Washington, D. C. -Portrait of a Sick City," by Fletcher Knebel,
Look Magazille. June 4, 1 963
* * * * *
available for commercial s
p
onsorshi
p
, anywhere in the Uniced Scaces.
Page 200
M
Ifl SmootRepor'
Vol. 9, No. 26 (Broadcast 41 1 ) July 1 , 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
CI VI L RI GHTS ACT OF Vd
L
n Iebtaaty ., l )6, Ptes|1encKenne1y as|e1 Congtess |ot leg|slac|on |n c|e hel1 o| c|v|l
t|g|cs w||c| woal1.
( I ) provide federal referees to supervise voting in areas where any colored person had brought
suit claiming he had -been denied the right to vote;
(2) require such suits to be given preferential treatment in the federal courts;
( 3) prohibit, in elections involving federal ofces, the application of diferent tests and
standards to diferent voter applicants;
(4) eliminate state literacy qualifcations for voting, by providing that completion of the
sixth grade must be taken as presumption of li teracy;
( 5) expand the authority of the Civil Rights Commission and extend its life beyond No
vember 30, 1 963, when, under present law, i t is due to go out of existence;
(6) give special federal technical and fnancial assistance to school districts in the process of
desegregation. (
1
)
Lne oi c|e oosc |opotcanc powets o| scace govetnoeocs |s c|ac oi secc|ng vocet qaal|h
cac|oos. No sabj ecc was ootec|otoag|ly 1ebace11at|ogc|eCoosc|cac|ooalCooveoc|oooii ''
W|en ao |ll|cetace, s||icless, ptopettyless, | ttespons|ble |n1|v|1aal (oi aoy tace, |asasoac|
vo|ce |n selecc|ng nac|onal talets an1 |n c|ang|ng c|e otgan|c law o| c|e nac|on ( aoen1|og c|e
Consc|cac|on, as ao |n1asct|oas, c|t|iy, pto1acc|ve |n1|v|1aal, w|ac |s co pteveoc c|e 1tegs ao1
1tones oi soc|ecy |too plao1et|ng |at1wot||ng an1 pto1acc|ve c|c|zens ? Pol|c|c|aos can iao
THE DAN SMOT REPORT, a magazine published every week by The Dan Smoot Report, Inc., mailing
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 1-2303 ( Ofice Address
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class mail $12. 50 a year; by airmail ( including APOand FPO) $14. 50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues: 1
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No reprouctions permitted.
Page 201
bacte1 |o low|ocooegtoaps iot o|11le ao1 ap
pet|ocooe gtoaps, cell|og cbe oasses cbey ate
pootbecaasecbeyateopptesse1,oa||ogcbeobe
l|eve cbac evetyooe wbo bas sooecb|og sooebow
acqa|te1 |cby ev|l oeaos , ptoo|s|og co soa| c|e
well-co1o w|cb caxes iot beoehcs co cbe poot
|o ot1et co te1|sct|bace cbe oac|ooal wealcb ao1
gaataocee cbac evetyooe bas b|s ia|t sbate
Tbe Ioao1|og Iacbets wete awate oi cb|s
1aoget |o 1eooctacy. Tbey ba1 sca1|e1 cbe
tecot1 oi bow |c ba1 1esctoye1 aoc|eoc c|v|l|za
c|oos j asc as aoyooe co1ay cao see bow a
s|o|lat s|caac|oo cteaces povetcy, w||1 1|sot1et,
ao1 cytaooy |o oaoy Lac|o Aoet|cao oac|oos
wbete aosctapaloas pol|c|c|aos go |oco cbesqaac
cets' slaos, bay|og voces w|cb ptoo|ses co pall
1owo cbe b|gb ao1 o|gbcy ao1 co ptov|1e itee
ao1 easy l|v|og iot cbe oasses.
Tbe Ioao1|og Iacbets waoce1 a coosc|cac|ooal
sysceo |o wb|cb all b|gb ao1 low, t|cb ao1
poot, goo1 ao1 ba1, lazy ao1 bat1wot||og,
cbt| icy ao1ptod|gace,wea|ao1 sctoog, e1acace1
ao1 |ll|cetace, scap|1 ao1 |ocell|geocall woal1
beeqaalbeiote cbe law, all eqaally iteeco lea1
cbe|t owo ||o1 oi l|ie, as loog as cbey 1|1 ooc
|oit|oge oo cbe t|gbcs oiocbets , all eojoy|og cbe
saoegaataocees aga|osccytaoo|cal opptess|oo by
cbe|towogovetooeoc. BaccbeIoao1|ogIacbets
ielccbaccbevote wb|cb, |o hoalaoalys|s, |scbe
powet co sec cbe pol|c|es ao1 1|tecc cbe aa|ts
oicbeoac|oosboal1 betesct|cce1cooacate|o
1|v|1aals wbo coal1 ao1etscao1, ao1 bave sooe
vesce1 |ocetesc |o, cbe oecess|cy oi oa|oca|o|og a
coosc|cac|ooal sysceo oi govetooeoc.
Heoce, cbetewas 1eoao1 |ocbeCoosc|cac|ooal
Cooveoc|oooi1 787 cbaccbet|gbccovocebesooe
bowtesct|cce1cotespoos|blec|c|zeos. Tbetewete
ptoposalscbaccbeie1etalgovetooeocbeass|goe1
cbe tole oi escabl|sb|og vocet qaal|hcac|oos
cbtoagboac cbe ao|oo. All sacb ptoposals wete
base1 oo cbe ieat cbac |o1|v|1aal scaces o|gbc
gtaoc cbe voc|og t|gbc co people ooc qaa|lhe1
co exetc|se |c.
Tbeptoposalswete1eieace1,bowevet,becaase
oi a gteacet ieat cbac petva1e1 cbe cb|o||og oi
cbe Ioao1|og Iacbets . ieat oicteac|oga ie1etal
govetooeoc so sctoog cbac |c coal1 1esctoy scace
govetooeocs ao1 el|o|oace Go1g|veo t|gbcs oi
|o1|v|1aals. A1o|cc|og cbe need for voter qaal|
hcac|oos wb|cb woal1 |eep cbe powet oi cbe
balloc oac o| cbe bao1s oi | ttespoos|ble people,
cbeIoao1|ogIacbetsielccbaccbetewasagteacet
oee1 co leave cb|s bas|c acct|bace oi sovete|gocy
|o cbe |o1|v|1aal scaces. Tbey tej ecce1 all pto
posals iot
coosc|cac|ooal ptov|s|oos wb|cb woal1

g|ve cbe ie1etal govetooeoc any aacbot|cy | o
cb|s hel1.
Meoce, cbe Ptes|1eocs ptoposals iot ie1etal
|ocetveoc|oo | o elecc|oos v|olace cbe |oceoc, cbe
sp|t|c, ao1 cbe ptov|s|oos oi cbe Coosc|cac|oo.
As co cbe oee1 iot acc|oo co gaataocee qaal|
he1oegtoescbet|gbccovocecbete|soooee1.
Tbtoagboac cbe :oacb, vocet qaal | hcac|oos
(wbecbet cbey be poll :ax ot l|cetacy teqa|te-
oeocs , apply eqaally co wb|ces ao1 oegtoes.
Tbe Ptes|1eoc's ptoposal iot a law teqa|t|og
cbac c|v|l t|gbcs voc|og sa|cs be g|veo pteiet
eoc|alcteacoeoc |ocbeie1etalcoatcs oall|hes cbe
coosc|cac|ooal coocepc oi eqaal|cybeiotecbelaw.
Wby sboal1 l|c|gac|oo by ooe class ot colot oi
c|c|zeos be g|veo pteieteoce ovet l|c|gac|oo by
ocbet c|c|zeos ?
Tbe Ptes|1eocs ptoposal iot spec|al ie1etal
hoaoc|al a|1 co scbool 1|sct|ccs |o cbe ptocess
oi1esegtegac|oo |s aocoosc|cac|ooal |o cbeseose
cbac all ie1etal a|1 co e1acac|oo |s oaoely, cbete
|s oo 1elegac|oo oi powet |o cbe Coosc|cac|oo co
cbe ie1etal govetooeoc iot any ||o1 o| e1aca
c|ooal acc|v|:y, ao1 cbe Teocb Aoeo1oeocspec|
hcallyprohibits cbe ie1etal govetooeoc itooeo-
gag|og |o acc|v|cy iot wb|cb cbete |s oo coosc|
cac|ooal gtaoc oi powet. Beyoo1 cbac, cbe Ptes|
1eocs ptoposal woal1 aacbot|ze cbe vety ||o1
o| 1|sct|o|oac|oo ao1 aoeqaal cteacoeoc wb|cb
he saysviolates the Constitution: disbursement ol
ie1etal iao1s wb|cb allcaxpayets pay, ooccoall
Page 202
al||e, bat to atb|ttat|ly selecte1 gtoaps ot coo
oanltles
J|eC|v|l R|g|ts Cooo|ss|onwas cteate1 by
t|eC|v|lR|g|tsActoi l ) Itwastogooatoi
ex|stence |n t|tee yeats , bat Congtess, |n l )6c,
exten1e1 |ts l|ie iot anot|et t|tee ,eats. It |s
now sc|e1ale1togooatoi ex|stence |n Noveo
bet, l )6) ,an1Ptes|1entKenne1ywantsCongtess
toexten1|taga|nInt|es|xyeatsoi|tsex|stence,
t|e C|v|l R|g|ts Cooo|ss|on |as tecoooen1e1
one cons:|tat|onal aoen1oent to |nst|tate w|at
v|ttaally aooants to an|vetsa| saiitage T||s
woal1 el|o|nate t|eol1const|tat|onal ptov|s|ons
w||c| leave t|e establ|s|oent oi votet qaal|h
cat|onsasoneoit|etesetve1 t|g|tsoistatesT|e
Cooo|ss|on|as oa1e a latge naobet oi w|1ely
pabl|c|ze1 ptoposals w||c| |ave |a1 t|e eect
oi iatt|etag|tat|ng an1 |nnao|ngt|e altea1y|n
naooatoty tac|al s|taat|on |n t|e Ln|te1 :tates
The Omni bus Bi l l
ln )ane l), l )6), Ptes|1ent Kenne1y sab
o|tte1toCongtess aoessage ptopos|ng t|eC|v|l
R|g|ts Act oi l )6) T||s Actwoa|1 |ncotpotate
allt|eptoposalsoi||sIebtaaty .soessage, 1|s-
casse1above,plasnewptoposalsw||c|t|ePtes|
1ent gtoaps an1et hve genetal |ea1|ngs . ( l ,
qaal Accoooo1at|ons |n Pabl|c Iac|l|t|es, ( . ,
Desegtegat|onoi :c|ools, ( ) , Ia|tan1 Iallo-
ployoent, ( 4, Coooan|tyRelat|ons:etv|ce,an1
( , Ie1etal Ptogtaos( 1)
In one ptoposal an1et Ie1etal Ptogtaos,
t|ePtes|1ent as|s iot aat|ot|tytow|t||ol1 ie1-
etal ian1s,at||s 1|sctet|on,w|etetac|al 1|sct|o-
|nat|on ex|sts. T||s |as been w|1ely |ntetptete1
as a tevetsal oi t|e stan1 |e too| on Apt|l .4,
w|en |etej ecte1 aC|v|lR|g|tsCooo|ss|onpto
posal t|at ie1etal ian1s be w|t||el1 itoo states
an1coooan|t|esw|ete1|sct|o|nat|onex|stsAp
patently, t|e Ptes|1ent 1|1 not l||e t|e C|v|l
R|g|ts Cooo|ss|on ptoposal becaase |t o|g|t
|ave re
q
uired ||o to w|t||ol1 all ie1etal a|1 to
oen1|ng states ot coooau|t|es. T|e Ptes|
1ent wants a itee |an1, an1 absolate aat|ot|ty,
to grant ot withhold a|1 as he pleasesw|et|et
tac|al 1|sct|o|nat|on|sptact|ce1otnot , an1 t|at
|s t|e btoa1 aat|ot|ty |e 1eoan1s |n ||s C|v|l
R|g|ts Act o| l )6).
1n1et t|e Coooan|ty Relat|ons :etv|ce oi
|| sc|v|l t|g|ts oessage, Ptes|1ent Kenne1y as|s
Congtess toaat|ot|zea ie1etal boat1otcooo|s
s|on ( |n a11|t|on to t|e C|v|l R|g|ts Cooo|s
s|on, w||c| w|ll be iotoally otgan|ze1 an1
aat|ot|ze1 to 1ow|at|ean1RobettI Kenne1y
|ave been 1o|ng iot oont|st|at |s, to oeet
w|t| localan1stateomc|als,bas|nessoen,|ea1|ng
|n1|v|1aals, an1 pt|vate otgan|zat|ons, expla|n-
|ngto t|eot|e||n1oiact|ont|ea1o|n|sttat|on
wants an1 patt|ng ptessate on t|eo to cooply
w|t| omc|al pol|c|es beiote conn|ct etapts |nto
pabl|c v|ew
In||sc|v|lt|g|tsoessage,t|ePtes|1entboasts
t|at omc|als oi ||s a1o|n|sttat|on |ave altea1y
been1o|ngw|at|enowas|sCongtesstoaat|ot
|ze,an1|eannoancest|at,pen1|ngcongtess|ooal
act|on, |ew|llgo a|ea1 an1 cteate, byxecat|ve
Ot1et, t|evetyotgan|zat|on|e|sas||ngleg|sla
t|on iot.
1
n1ett|eIa|t an1 Iall oployoent sect|on
oi||s c|v|lt|g|tsoessage,t|ePtes|1entptoposes
not||ng teally new. Rat|et, |e ases t|e tac|al
ct|s|s as an excase iot atg|ng passage oi New
Itont|et leg|slat|on, an1 iot 1eoan1|ngenlatge
oent oi ptogtaos altea1y |n ex|stence.
mANPOWR DV IOPm NT AND
TRAINING PROGRAm atly |n l )6z, Con
gtess passe1 t|e manpowet Developoent an1
Tta|n|ng Act, aat|ot|z|ng t|e :ectetaty oiIabot
to 1eteto|ne t|e naobet oi Aoet|cans w|o
s|oal1 be wot||ng |n any spec|uc |n1astty at
Page 203
any g|ven c|oe an1 place, an1 aac|ot|z|ng allo
cac|onoicaxooney iotcta|n|ngAoet|canyoac|
|nuel1sw||c|c|eSecretary of Labor c||n|sc|ey
s|oal1 be cta|ne1 |n. In ||s c|v|l t|g|cs oessage
oi ]ane l ), l )6, Ptes|1enc Kenne1y atges ovet
all expans|on oi c||s ptogtao.
YOLTH mPLOYmNT PROGRAm. On
Apt|l l c, l )6, c|e :enace passe1 Kenne1y's
Yoac| oployoenc Acc oi l )6. T||s Acccoal1
cteace an Aoet|can coancetpatc oi govetnoenc
yoac| otgan|zac|ons w||c| ate essenc|al cools oi
1|ccacots||p |n all coooan|sc coanct|es, as c|ey
wete |nnaz| Getoany an1 |n iasc|sc Icaly beiote
Wotl1 Wat II. T|eteatesctong|n1|cac|ons c|ac
c|eHoaseoiReptesencac|ves w|ll ||ll c||sYoac|
oployoenc Acc In ||s c|v|l t|g|cs oessage,
Kenne1y atgaes c|ac enlatgeoencan1 passage oi
c|eAcc woal1|elptel|evetac|al cens|ons.
VOCATIONAL DLCATION. A ptogtao
oi ie1etal a|1 iot vocac|onal e1acac|on |n ||g|
sc|ools |asbeen|n ex|scences|nce l )l , an1|as
beenenlatge1 an1 expan1e1oanyc|oes, patc|c
alatly |ntecenc yeats In||s c|v|l t|g|cs oessage,
Kenne1y as|s iot ie1etal ian1s co ptov|1e patc
c|oe eoployoenc iot sca1encs |n ie1etallysap
potce1 vocac|onal e1acac|on sc|ools
ADLLT DLCATION. Aoong Kenne1y's
ie1etala|1coe1acac|on ptoposals iot )6 (noc
yec acce1onbyCongtess, |sateqaesciotanelab
otace a1alc e1acac|onptogtao. In||s c|v|l
-
|g|cs
oessage, c|e Ptes|1enc teqaescs c|ac ||s a1alc
e1acacion ptogtao be enacce1 an1 enlatged be
yon1 ||s ot|g|nal ptoposals.
PLBIIC WLIAR WORKRIII. In||s
c|v|l t|g|cs oessage, c|ePtes|1enc teqaescs a11|
c|onal ie1etal a|1coscaces iotc|eeoployoencoi
weliatetec|p|encs onlocalpabl|cwot|s ptoj eccs.
FAIR mPIOYmNT PRACTIC: LAW.
In ||s c|v|l t|g|cs oessage, c|e Ptes|1enc tenews
|is teqaesc iot a ie1etal Ia|t oployoenc Ptac
c|ces Acc, appl|cable co boc| eoployets anc
anlons, w||c| woal1 oaclaw tac|al 1|sct|o|na
c|on |n pt|vace eoployoenc an1 |n an|on oeo
bets||p.
In oa||ng c||s ptoposal, c|e Ptes|1enc a1o|cs
c|ac cwoc||t1s oi c|e nac|ons labot iotce |s al
tea1ycovete1 by ie1etal, scace, an1localia|teo
ployoenc ptacc|ces oeasates oi c|e vety ||n1 |e
teqaescs :ac| oeasates |ave 1one noc||ng co te
l|eve tac|al cens|ons ot solve tac|al ptobleos. In
1ee1, c|e tac|al ptobleo |s ac |cs wotsc |n ateas
c|ac altea1y |ave ia|t eoployoenc ptacc|ces laws
Was||ngcon, D C , an1 New Yot| C|cy, iot
exaople. Yec c|e Ptes|1enc woal1 v|olace c|e
Consc|cac|on co |opose apon c|e enc|te nac|on a
cype oi leg|slac|on w||c| w|ll 1o |nhn|ce |ato,
an1 nogoo1 acall.
1nc|eDesegtegac|on oi :c|ools secc|on oi||s
c|v|lt|g|csptoposal, Ptes|1encKenne1yas|scon
gtess|onal aac|ot|cy iot c|e Accotney Genetal co
|n|c|ace, |n ie1etal 1.sct|cc coatcs, legal ptocee1
|ngs aga|nsc sc|ool boat1s an1 caxsappotce1 col
legesotco |ncetvene |n ex|sc|ng casesw|en
evetc|eAccotneyGenetaltece|ves awt|ccen coo
pla|nc itoo any patenc ot sca1enc w|o says |e |s
be|ng 1en|e1 eqaal ptocecc|on oi c|e laws be
caaseoisegtegac|on
W|ac coal1 be oote aneqaal an1 1|sct|o
|oacoty c|ao co g|ve one patc|calat class oi c|c|
zenc|espec|alpt|v|legeoibypass|ngc|enotoal
c|annels oi j asc|ce w||c| ot1|naty c|c|zens oasc
iollow? An ag|cacot ot ctoableoa|et ot ctan|
w|o |appens co be a negto can bt|ng pabl|c
sc|ool an1college oc|als|nco ie1etal coatc, by
oetely wt|c|ng a leccet co c|e Accotney Genetal ,
an1 c|e ag|cacot w|ll be teptesen|e1, ac no cosc
co ||oseli, by omc|als an1 accotneys oi c|e ie1
etalgovetnoenc.
|e qaal Accoooo1ac|ons |n Pabl|c Ia
c|l|c|es secc|on oi c|e Ptes|1encs ptopose1 C|v|l
R|g|ts Act ot 1963 is the most dangerous of all.
Hete, |n c|ePtes|1encs langaage, |s c|e essence
Page 204
oi tb|s sect|oo.
"I am today proposing, as part of the Civil
Rights Act of 1 963, a provision to guarantee
all citizens equal access to the services and fa
cilities of hotels, restaurants, places of amuse
ment, and retail establishments . . . . The
proposal could give the persons aggrieved the
right to obtain a court order against the ofend
ing establishment or persons.
"Upon receiving a complaint in a case suf
ciently important to warrant his conclusion that
a suit would materially further the purposes of
the act, the Attorney General (if he fnds that
the aggrieved party is unable to undertake or
otherwise arrange for a suit on his own, for lack
of fnancial means or efective representation,
or for fear of economic or other injury) will
frst refer the case for voluntary settlement to
the community relations service . . . give the
establishent involved time to correct its practices,
permit state and local equal access laws (if any)
to operate frst, and then, and only then, initate
a suit for compliance."( l)
Tbe Ptes|1eot |s oot cleat aboat tbe aatbot|ty
iot sacb leg|slat|oo. He b|ots tbat tbe Iotetstate
Coooetce claase oi tbe Coost|tat|oo g|ves tbe
ie1etal govetooeot aatbot|ty to el|o|oate tbe
t|gbt oia pt|vate bas|oesssoao to se|ect b|s owo
castooets. At aootbet po|ot, tbe Ptes|1eot sag
gests tbat tbe Ioatteeotb Aoeo1oeot oay pto
v|1e tbe coost|tat|ooal aatbot|ty. Bat bete |s tbe
Ptes|1eots |ey seoteoce cooceto|og tbe aatbot
|ty iot ie1etal oc|al1oo to el|o|oate tbe pt|
vate ptopetty t|gbts oi bas|oessoeo.
"The arguement that such measures consti
tute an unconstitutional interference with prop
erty rights has consistently been rejected by the
courts in upholding laws . . . designed to make
certain that the use of private property is con
sistent with the public interest."
1oKeooe1ysv|ew, aoAoet|caoc|t|zeobasoo
t|gbt to owo ao1 ase pt|vate ptopetty, aoless be
ases |t | o a way tbat oc|al1oo coos|1ets to be
coos|steotw|tbtbepabl|c|otetest.
To1ay, |t |s tbe 1eoao1s oi tac|alag|tat|oo
gtoaps wb|cb nx oc|al oot|oos oi wbat |s coo
s|steot w|tb tbe pabl|c |otetest. Tooottow, | t
coa|1 be sooetb|og else. Ptes|1eot Keooe1y te
ceo:|yaoooaoce1 tbatweoasta1opta it|eo1l|et
atti:a1etowat1 tbe:ov|etLo|oo ao1 otbet coo-
oao|stcoaott|es. It woal1 sbow a it|eo1ly oa
t|ooa| att|ta1e towat1 coooao|sts | i all pt|vate
oetcbaots |o tbe Lo|te1 :tates wete coopelle1
to sel| oetcbao1|se |opotte1 itoo coooao|st
coaott|es. Tbe C|v|l R|gbts Act oi l )6) woal1
g|vetbe Ptes|1eot aopleaatbot|ty toot1et sacb
atb|og|ibesboal11ec|1etbataoyoetcbaotwbo
teiases to bao1le coooao|st goo1s | s oot as|og
b|s pt|vate ptopetty |o a way tbat |s coos|steot
w|tb tbe pab||c |otetest.
Lo1et aatbot|ty wb|cb be teqaests |o tbe pto
pose1 C|v|l R|gbts Act oi l )6), tbe Ptes|1eot
coal1 ot1et all pt|vate eoployets to b|te coo
oao|sts, | itbe Ptes|1eot sboal1 1ec|1e tbat tb|s
woa|1 ptooote b|s ptogtao oi ptov|og to tbe
:ov|ets tbatAoet|ca bas oo |ll w|ll iot coooa
o|sts. Tbe Ptes|1eot coal1 ot1et eoployets to
b|te, ot oot b|te, Catbol|cs, )ews, Ptesbytet|aos,
metbo1|sts, motooos, Cbt|st|ao :c|eot|sts, atbe
|sts b l ac| oasl|os Ba11b|sts . t be Ptes|1eot , ,
coal1 coopel pt|vate bas|oessoeoto 1o aoytb|og
tbePtes|1eotwaots, ootbes|opleptetexttbatbe
|s teqa|t|ogtbeaseoipt|vate ptopetty |oa way
tbat |s coos|steot w|tb tbe pabl|c |otetest.
Why Now?
be Ptes|1eot ase1 aloost , ccc wot1s to
pteseottbeuvepo|otC|v|lR|gbtsmess
gewb|cb
|s saooat|ze1 ao1 1|scasse1 above. It 1S a ba1ly
coopose1, bast|lywt|tteo, |llatease 1oca
t
tepletew|tb|oaccatatestateoeots , coott
.
a1tctioos,
tepet|t|oos, n|osy atgaoeots , 1eoagog:c appeals
totbeeoot|oos oibate, ieat, ao1 sbaoe
Wby tbe baste ? :ooe ieel tbat tbe Ptes|1ent,
attet playiog a oajot tole io stittiog race feel
|og to tbe 1aoget po|ot, cyo|cally ase1 tbe 1an-
Page 205
get as a ptetext iot t|tow|ng Congtess a c|v|l
t|g|ts b|ll w||c| |e |new Congtess woal1 not
passbat w||c| woal1 oonopol|ze t|e atten
t|on oi Congtess an1 t|as g|ve t|e Ptes|1ent an
excase iot t|e ia|late oi ||s leg|slat|ve ptogtao
|n l )6).Oi. B|llsl|ste1byCongressional Quar
terly as oajot leg|sla:|on, Congtess, by )ane . l ,
|a1passe1only ) . extens|onoit|e1taitlaw, ex
tens|on oi t|e eoetgency iee1 gta|ns b|ll , an1
ta|s|ng o|t|enat|onal 1ebt l|o|t. T|e lattet :wo
oajot b|lls passe1 |n t|e Hoase by vety close
votes, an1 only a|:et ex:teoe ptessates |a1 been
exette1byt|ea1o|n|s:ta:|on.
Anot|et t|eoty |st|atKenne1y sptoposaloi
t|ec|v|lt|g|ts leg|slat|on |n o|1)ane, l )6), was
patt oi a calcalate1 eott to |eep t|e pab||c so
pteoccap|e1 w|t| a 1angetoas 1ooest|c |ssae :|a:
|twoal1pay l|ttlea:tent|on to iote|gn pol|cy 1e
c|s|ons w||c| o|g|:, o:|etw|se, caase a stoto oi
ptotest.
In eat|y l )6z, Ptes|1en: Kenne1y an1 ||s :ec
tetaty oi Deiense oa1e pabl|c s:a:eoents :o t|e
eect t|at t|e Aoet|can ootatot|ao on nacleat
test|ng ( itoo l )s t|toag| )6 , |a1 leit as
be||n1 :|e :ov|e:s |n weapons tesea:c| an1 1e
velopoent T|ePtes|1en:sa|1:|a:oacleattes:
|ngwasessent|altoteseatc|,v|tal:ooat1e|enses,
an1 t|at seli|ntetes:woal1 coope| as to tesaoe
an1 con:|nae nacleat test|ng ant||, ot anless, we
coal1 nego:|ate w|t| t|e :ov|ets a saie, gaatan
tee1 test ban, b|n1|ngon bot| s|1es. T|toag|oat
l )6. an1 t|ehtst |al| oi l )6), Kenne1yoc|als
engage1 t|e :ov|ets |n |ta|tless nego:|at|ons iot
atestbantteaty An1t|en,on)ane l O, l )6), t|e
Ptes|1ent annoance1 :|a: |e |a1 ot1ete1 a |alt
toAoet|cannacleat:es:s|n:|ea:mosp|ete.w|t|
oa:anyagteeoentotcooo|toent atallttoot|e
:ovlets.
T||s annoanceoent|nvolvlnga l|ieot1eat|
oat:et iot t|e nat|onoa1e l|ttle |optess|on
on t|e pabl|c. t|eoe1|a oioass coooan|cat|on
wete pteocc+p|e1 w|:| news aboat t|e tac|al
ct.s.s
benne1ycoal1not|avebeenelecte1|n l )6c
w|:|oat t|enegtovote, w||c| was ptoo|se1 an1
1el|vete1 by lea1ets oi tac|al ag|tat|on otganlza
t|ons T|e Ptes|1ent now |nows t|at |e |as no
c|anceoite-elect|onw|t|oatt|esappottoit|ese
saoeag|:a:ots. Hence,aplaas|bleexplanatloniot
:|ePtes|1en:ssa11en1ec|s|on|no|1-)ane:o1e
oan1 a c|v|l t|g|ts b|ll |s t|at negto lea1ets v|t
taally ot1ete1 ||o to 1o so
No:e A1ao Clayton Powell' s boast t|at |e
wto:e oaj ot pott|ons oi Kenne1ys )ane l) c|vll
t|g|:s oessage :pea||ng |n Long Beac|, Cal|
iotn|a,on)aoe z l , l )(), Powell sa| 1.
"The President had no intention of including
many of the points that he did in his message.
I rewrote half of his speech for him the night
before it was delivered before Congress."( S)
InalloiAoet|can||s:oty, l:woal1be|at1to
hn1 any:||ng oote s|aoeial t|an t||s A1ao
C|ayton Powe|l |as been assoc|a:e1 w|t| oany
coooan|st itontotgan|zat|ons , |e |asbeenct|o
|na|ly |n1|cte1 iot |ncooe tax itaa1s , ||s toats
oi |ote|gn n|g|tclabs w|:| ||s sectetatles, at
:axpayets expense, |ave scan1al|ze1 t|e nat|on,
an1||s|atte1 iott|ew||teoan|asbeenopenly
exptesse1an1btoa1castto t|enat|on T||s ls t|e
oanw|osays|etol1Kenne1yw|attopat|n||s
c|v|l t|g|:soessage oi)ane l ), l )6).
J|e Congtess oi Raclal qaal|ty (CORj
an1 :|e Na:|onal Assoc|at|on iot t|e A1vance
oent ot Colored Ieople (NAACP
)
a:e both
|eav||y |nhl:ta:e1, at t|e top, w|t| coooan|st
Page 206
itoncets.( 7 ) D|teccotaces oi c|e cwo otgan|zac|ons
ate |ncetloc|e1 ( oc|als oi one otgan|zac|on be
|ng oc|als |n c|e oc|et , , an1 c|ey ate |ncet
loc|e1w|c|c|e1|teccotaceoic|eNac|onalLtban
Ieagae an1 w|c| c|e 1|teccotace oi c|e :oac|etn
C|t|sc|an Iea1ets||p Conietence:|e ag|cac|on
gtoap oi matc|n Iac|et K|ng, w|o also |as a
tecot1 oi ptocoooan|sc acc|v|c|es T|e :ca1enc
NonV|olenc Coot1|nac|ng Cooo|ccee |s anoc|et
otgan|zac|on o|l|cancly acc|ve |n tac|al ag|cac|on.
T|ese oacncs ( |n1|teccly |ncetloc|e1 w|c| c|e
Coanc|l on Iote|gn Relac|ons, |ave leatne1 c|ac
tac|al ag|cac|on |s a ptoncable acc|v|cy. Appeal|ng
iot ian1s co sappotc c|e|t sctagg|e iot tac|al
eqaal|cy, c|eyta|se|agesaosoiooney. Hence,
c|ey |ave 1evelope1 an |ncense |nctaiao|ly t|
valtyeac| one cty|ng co 1eoonsctace, by o|l|
canc acc|v|cy, c|ac |c |s oote eecc|ve an1 oote
1esetv|ng oi nnanc|al sappotc c|an oc|ets.
A1ao Claycon Powell appeats co be sct|v|ng
iot c|e tole oi ovetall lea1et an1 spo|esoan,
an1 |c |s Powell w|o |s bt|ng|ng c|e pol|cies of
all c|e negto tac|al ag|cac|on gtoaps |nco l|ne
w|c|c|epo||c|esoic|eblac|oasl|osagtoap
w||c| a1vocaces blac| sapteoacy an1 v|olence
aga|nsc w||:es.( 8)
)o|n I. Kenne1y, cacet|ng co c||s ctow1, | s
sow|ng c|e see1s oi |ace an1 v|olence. c|e na
c|on w|ll teap a bloo1y |atvesc.
1c |sobv|oas c|acPtes|1encKenne1y's)ane i )
c|v|l t|g|cs ptoposal was an acc oi |owcow|ng co
ta1|cal negto lea1ets, bac ascace obsetvets c||n|
c|ete was a 1eepet ooc|ve be||n1 c|e ptoposal .
Ptes|1enc Kenne1y, an1et c|e ptecexc oi pte
pat|ng c|e nac|on iot c|v|l 1eiense |n c|oe oi
eoetgency, |as altea1y, by execac|ve ot1ets, es
cabl|s|e1 a planiotcocal 1|ccacots||p. T|etac|al
ct|s|s coal1becooec|e necessaty eoetgency.
Aicet a set|es oipabl|cscaceoencs w||c| wete
* * * * *
WH O I S D A N S M O O T ?
1940. In 1941, he j oined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
In 1942, he left Harvard and j oined the FBI. As an FBI Agent, he worked for three and a half years on communist
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hover on FB'I headquar
programs, Smot spoke to a national audience, giving both sies of controversial issues.
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his present independent publishing and broadcasting business -a f
ee
enterpris operation fnanced entirely by profts from sal es : sales of The Ian Smoot . eport, a weekl
x
.
magaz
ne;
and sales of a weekly news-analysis broadcast, to business frms, for use on radIO and teleVISIOn as an advertlsmg vehicle.
The Report and the broadcast gives only one side in presenting documented truth about important issues -the side
If you think Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting soialism and communism, you can
help immensely -by helping him get more customers for his Repo1't and broadcasts.
Page 207
boan1 to encoatage oob act|on an1 v|olence on
t|e patt oinegto gtoaps, t|e Ptes|1ent sa11enly
ptopose1 a c|v|l t|g|ts ptogtao w||c| Congtess
(| i |t |as any tegat1 at all iot t|e Repabl|c,
cannot pass , an1 t|en t|e Ptes|1ent, |n eect
(not 1|tectly, bat |n an obl|qae way, , tol1 t|e
negto ag|tatots not to engage |n any oote v|o
lenceunless Congtess ia|lstopasst|e c|v|l t|g|ts
leg|slat|on.
Coal1 t|ete bea oote eect|ve oeans oi ian
n|ng w|at Kenne1y ||oseli ca||s t|e htes oi
itasttat|on |nto atag|ng|nietno?
What To Do
Aoet|cans w|ovalael|betty|owevet t|ey
oayieelaboatt|etac|alptobleos|oal1 storm
t|e Congtess w|t| 1eoan1s t|at t|e Ptes|1ents
C|v|l R|g|tsAct oi i )6) betej ecte1, m ent|tety.
T||sB|ll must be1eieate1.
NIXTWIIK. moteont|etac|al ptobleo.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Text of President Kennedy' s Civil Rights Message, AP dispatch from
Washington, The Dallas TimfJ Hera/d, June 19, 1963. pp, 234 B
( 2) "Debates i n the Federal Convention of 1787 as Reported by James Madi
son, " Documents 1II1atrative 01 The Formatioll 01 The Unioll 01 The
Americall Statn, published as House Document No, 398. 69th Congr .. s,
Government Printing Office, 1 927
( 3) "Civi lRights Report on Schools , , , Voting , , , Housing." U, S.
News & World Report, September 2 1 , 1959, p. 123
( 4) President Kennedy's June 1 0 address On World Peace, " Con8rnsional
Quarterly Weekly Report, June 1 4, 1963, pp. 9768
( 5 ) The Test Ban: An American Strategy of G'ddudl Sell-Mutildtiol, by
Stefan T. Possony, COn8reJIiolla/ Record, March 2 1 . 1963. pp. 435870
(6) "Credit For Rights Message Rewrite Claimed By Powel l . " UPI dispatch
from Long Beach. California. The Dallds TimfJ Herd/d, June 23. 1963,
p. 1 7A
( 7) "Activities i n t he Southern States, " speech by U. S. Senator James O.
Eastland (Democrat, Mississippi ) . containing official records from the
House Committee on Un-Ame.ican Activities, and Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee. CongrfJIional Record, May 25. 1961 . pp. 834963
(8) Activities of "The N"tion of lS/dm" or the Mus/im C"lt of Islam, ill
LOllisiana, Report No. 3. The Joint Legislative Committee on UnAmerican
Activities, State of Louisiana, JaA-ary 9, 1963
(9) See this Report, "Planned Dictatorship. " June 3. 1963. for a complete
discussion of the Executive Orders issued by President Kennedy.
W H A T Y O U C A N D O
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Page 208
NAME (Please Print)
STREET ADDRESS
CITY ZONE STATE
.
M
Ifi Smoot leport
Vol. 9, No. 27 (Broadcast 41 2) July 8, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
THE AMERI CAN TRAGEDY
Tbe past is prologue; and,
tnless we know tbe prologue,
we cannot understand the
drama unfolding before us.
DAN SMOOT
1n janaaty, l s6l , Ietnan1o Woo1, Mayot oiNew Yot| C|ty, ptopose1 to t|eCoooon Coan
c|l t|at long Islan1, :taten Islan1, an1 Man|attansece1eitoot|eAoet|canLn|onan1establ|s|
t|eoselvesasa iteec|tytobenaoe1Tt|Insala. T|e Coanc|l apptove1, ' ' ' bat t||s atteopt at
nott|etn secess|on was nevet cooplete1. On Apt|l l ., l s6l , soat|etn gans opene1 hte on
Iott:aotet, a ie1etal o|l|taty post |n t|e |atbot at C|atleston, :oat| Catol|na, |n|t|at|ng open
|ost|l|t|esw||c|caoeto be|nownast|eAoet|can C|v|l Wat
Nott|etn secess|on|sts j o|ne1 w|t| nott|etn abol|t|on|sts to pat 1own t|e eott at soat|etn
secess|on At utst, t|ete wete gay ent|as|aso an1 teasonable an|ty |n t|e Nott|. In popalat|on,
t|e Nott|oatnaobete1 t|e :oat| oote t|an t|teetoone, an1 s||ploa1s oi atopean|oo|gtants
wete poat|ng |nto t|e Pott oi New Yot| aloost 1a|ly. In natatal tesoatces an1 |n |n1astt|es to
pto1ace |opleoents oi wat, t|e Nott| was |ni|n|tely sttonget t|an t|e :oat|. T|e wat aga|nst
soat|etn secess|on|sts loo|e1 l||e not||ng oote t|an a colotial saooet caopa|gn. Volanteets
itoo nott|etn states qa|c|ly tespon1e1 to Ptes|1ent l|ncoln s htst call to atos.
at by t|e saooet oi l s6, t|ete was a genetal ieel|ng oi 1espa|t |n t|e Nott|, patt|calatly
|n New Yot| C|ty w||c|, |tseli, |a1 cons|1ete1 secess|on t|tee oont|s beiote Iott :aotet.
Nott|etn ato|es, t|oag| bettet ie1 an1 bettet eqa|ppe1 an1 vastly sapet|ot |n naobets, |ac
not been 1o|ng we|l. Genetal McC|ellans gteatAtoyoit|ePotooac, 1epatt|ngitootbeIitst
attle oi a|l Ran |n|aste an1 1|sot1et, |a1 set w|at seeoe1 to be a pattetn. ven nott| oi
t|e MasonD|xon l|ne, McClellan |a1 not 1one well. l|ncoln teplace1 McClellan w|t| atn
s|1e, bat, t|e nextoont|, Genetal atns|1e lost t|e battle oi Ite1et|c|sbatg. atns|1e was te
THE DAN SMOT REPORT, a magazine published every week by The Dan Smoot Report, Inc., mailing
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas 14, Texas, Telephone TAylor 1-2303 ( Ofice Address
copy for 25 ; 6 for $l.0; 50 for $5 . 50; 100 for $10.00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 209
place1 by I|gbc|og )oe Hoo|et, bac Geoetal
I|gbc|og)oeptoopclylosccbebaccleoiCbaocel
lotsv|lle
Gtaoc |a1 woo s|goal v|ccot|es |o c|e Wesc,
ao1 Lee ba1 speoc b|oseli ac Geccysbatg, bac
cbe lascte oi c|ese eveocs was ooc bt|gbc eooagb
co obscate a w|1esptea1 ieel|og oi tebell|oo ao1
1es|te iot secess|oo cbac sc|ll pteva|le1 | o cbe
Notcb Notcbetovolaoceetsooloogettespoo1e1
|o sac|eoc oaobets co L|ocolos tepeace1 call
iotootesol1|ets. Tbeoac|ooalCoogtessba1eo
acce1a DtaicLaw, exeopc|ogitooo|l|catysetv
|ce |o c|e Lo|oo Ato|es evety oao wbo coal1
pay tcc iot petsooal exeopc|oo Tb|s la|1 ao
espec|ally beavy bat1eo oo cbe pootoeooic|e
Notc|patc|calatly oo cbe cboasao1s oi oewly
att|v|og |oo|gtaocs, oaoy oi w|oo wete coo
sct|pce1 ao1 seoc soacb co ugbc aloosc as sooo as
cbey att|ve1 itoo atope.
1oo|1)aly,l s6, c|epeopleoiNewYot|gave
bloo1y exptess|oo co cbe|t teseocoeoc oi wbac
cbey tegat1e1 as a t|c| oao s wat ao1 a poot
oao s hgbc Io hve 1ays oi t|oc|og, c|e poot
peopleoiNewYot|C|cyteveale1cbe|tacc|ca1e
cowat1be|og iotce1 co hgbc iot itee1oo oic|e
oegto, w||le oaoy w|o cla|oe1 zeal iot cbac
caase wete bay|og c|e|t exeopc|oo itooo|l|caty
setv|ce ao1 scay|og ac booe co gtow t|c| |o a
watsc|oalace1 ecooooy. Hete |s ao accoaoc oi
c|eNew Yot| tace t|ocs, ca|eo itooLloy1Paal
:cty|et' s b|ogtapby oi Ao1tew )obosoo.
"In fact, fnally on that Monday morning
[ July 1 3, 1 863 ] , the poor people of the city
took arms against their 'sea of troubles,' and used
them somewhat efectively throughout fve days
and nights. When they had fnished their work,
the limp forms of nearly one thousand negroes
were found hanging to the lamp posts or were
left crumpled in beaten heaps upon the side
walks. More than ffty buildings were burned
and sacked. The police, as always, battled brave
ly, but they were too few, and it was not until
ten thousand troops marched into town that
order was restored e e . . "(
2)
Tb|s cett|ble ep|so1e |o Aoet|cao b|scoty bas
beeotac|etwellbat|e1byb|scot|aos veoaccbe
c|oe,|cwascteace1aso|ootoewsbycbeootc|eto
ptess, |o coopat|soo w|c| cbe scteao|og 1eoao-
c|ac|oobyc|eptessoisoac|etobatbat|sow|eo
Cooie1etaceGeoetal Nacbao Be1iot1 Iottesc ac
cac|e1IotcP|llowao1,|ocbeptocessoite1ac|og
c|ac Iotc, |.lle1 .ccoegtoctoopswbo ba1 beeo
|o1acce1 |o:o cbe Lo|oo Atoy.
Vtes|1eocL|ocolowas1|scatbe1bycbebloo1y
NewYot| t|ocs oi o|1)aly, l s6, pt|oat|ly be
caase cbey teveale1 a o|sao1etscao1| og oi ||s
patpose | o cbe wat. T|oe ao1 aga|o, L|ocolo
ba1expla|oe1c|acc|eNotc|wasoochg|c|ogiot
itee1oooicbe oegto, bac was hg|c|og solely co
ptesetve cbe Lo|oo L|ocolo |a1 sa|1 tepeace1ly
c|ac|i|ecoal1 oa|oca|ocbeLo|oobyptesetv|og
c|e |osc|cac|oo oi slavety, be woal1 1o so, |i |e
coal1oa|oca|oc|eLo|oobyitee|ogsooeoegtoes
wb|le leav|og sooe |o slavety, |e woal1 1o so,
ot | ibe coal1oa|oca|oc|eLo|oo by itee|og all
slaves, be woal1 1o so L|ocolo expla|oe1 b|s
oaoc|pac|oo Ptoclaoac|oo as a o|l|caty oeces
s|cy iot cbe Notc|, ooc as patc oi a ctasa1e co
itee c|e slaves.
Io a pol|c|cal speecb ac C|atlescoo, Ill|oo|s,oo
:eoceobet ls, l ss, L|ocolo |a1 exptesse1 b|o
seliooc|eoegtoqaesc|oo He|a1tepeace1cbe
saoe v|ews ac Qa|ocy, Ill|oo|s, oo Occobet l ,
l ss, 1at|og c|e L|ocoloDoaglas 1ebaces| o
c|esewot1s.
"I have no purpose to introduce political and
social equality between the white and black races.
There is a physical diference between the two,
which, in my j udgment, will probably forever
forbid their living together on the footing of
perfect equality . . . . but I hold that, notwith
standing all this, there is no reason in the world
why the negro is not entitled to all the natural
rights enumerated in the Declaration of Inde
pendence - the right to life, liberty, and the pur
suit of happiness."
AicetbebecaoePtes|1eoc, ao1cbtoagboacc|e
war, Lincoln repeated thi s view the racial
qaesc|oo | oc|eLo|ce1 :caces.
Page 210
Yec,notc|etnabol|c|on|scs (appatenclycty|ngco
iotgec t|ac |c was notc|etn oen w|o|a1boag|c
blac| oen |n Ait|ca, an1 sol1 c|eo |nco slavety
|n c|e Wescetn Heo|sp|ete, ianne1 c|e naoes
o| |acte1 |ot soac|etn w||ces anc|l no peace|al
otsens|blesolac|onoic|eslaveptobleowaspos
s|ble beiote c|e wat, an1 no teasonable solac|on
oic|e tac|al ptobleowas poss|bleafter c|e wat.
Ac c|e close oi c|e C|v|l Wat, accot1|ng co
Catl :an1batg, ioteoosc b|ogtap|et o| l|ncoln.
"Lincoln had his choice of going with those
who, to win a complete and abstract justice for
the Negro, would not hesitate about making
the South a vast graveyard of slaughtered whites,
with Negro State governments established and
upheld by Northern white bayonets."( )
C|atles :aonet (Repabl|can :enacot |too
massac|aseccs , , Ben Wa1e (Repabl|can :enacot
itoo O||o, an1 T|a11eas :cevens (Repabl|can
Reptesencac|ve |tooPennsylvan|a, wetecongtes
s|onallea1etsw|o |a1 oa1e |acte1 o|c|esoac|-
etn w||ces a batn|ng pol|c|cal pass|on an1 w|o
wete 1eceto|ne1 co escabl|s| |casaga|1|ng l|g|c
oi nac|onal pol|cy.
l|ncoln tej ecce1 c|e|tcoanselo||ace an1, ac-
cot1|ng co Catl :an1batg, so 1|1 c|e cwo iote
oosc notc|etn Genetals, Gtanc an1 :|etoan.
"The supreme devastators, Grant and Sherman,
were not politically joined to those, like Sumner,
demanding a justice which would consist of
Southern Negro state governments made and up
held by Northern white bayonets. The caldron
of war hate still boiled . . . . The passions of
Sumner and Wade had become a habit. They
rose to passion chiefy on the race question. As
born haters, they had difculty adjusting them
selves to the ways of Lincoln . . . . [ whose counsel
about placing blame for slavery and the Civil
War onsisted of ] the repeated and mournful
'Judge not, that ye be not judged.'
|e Conie1etacy 1|e1 an1 c|e C|v|l Wat
ended when Lee surrendered to Grant at Appo
oaccoxonAot|l), i -6. l|ncolnwasassass|nace1
1ayslacet An1tew)o|nson,l|ncolnssaccessot,
ct|e1 |a|c|ially co catty oac l|ncoln s pol|c|es oi
teconc|l|ac|on an1 teconsctacc|on w|c|oac oal|ce,
bac,lac||ngc|eptesc|gew||c|Ptes|1ency1at|ng
wat |a1 g|ven I|ncoln, an1 be|ng a soacuetnet,
)o|nson ||oseli becaoe a pt|oaty catgec o| c|e
abol|c|on|sc |acets , an1|acte1o|soac|etnw||ces
1|1, |n1ee1, becooe a ga|1|ng l|g|c oi nac|onal
pol|cy iot oote c|an cen yeats.
Hete ate passages |too lloy1 Paal :cty|et' s
b|ogtap|y o| Ptes|1enc )o|nson.
"In Memphis, during April [ 1 866 ] , the third
United States colored artillery were quartered.
Their mere presence was provocative enough,
but when presently their lack of discipline re
vealed itself in acts of open insolence, the col
lisions against which Grant had warned were
sure to follow. The police of Memphis . . . were
Irish. The jostling of Irish policemen never has
been deemed an act of prudence, yet on the
afternoon of April 30th this extra hazardous
pastime was engaged in by the black artillery
men. Trouble disproportionate to this origin
was not slow in following. It followed on the
next day when the municipal ofcers of the law,
with the ready aid of white civilians, made an
attack upon the entire negro population of the
city. This retaliation resulted in a riot that
lasted for two days. When it was over, forty
six negroes had been killed and more were in
j ured . . . . The echoes of this trouble were not
slow in reaching Washington, from which
sounding-board they reverberated through the
land. A golden opportunity was here ofered for
the enemies of the South to proclaim her 'un
regeneracy' . . . .
"The material for defamation furnished by
the Memphis riot, however, was as nothing com
pared to what transpired at New Orleans on
July 30th [ 1 866] . . . . [ when] a procession of
negroes, partly armed, marched through the
streets of New Orleans. There was some hoot
ing and jeering from the sidewalks, when sud
denly a shot rang out; it had been fred by one
of the colored paraders. Other shots soon fol
lowed, and the crowd then chased the marchers
. . . . The police appeared presently on the scene.
All the materials for a riot were now present,
and a very shocking one ensued . . . . Before it
was over nearly two hundred persons had been
Page 211
killed or injured, most of whom were negroes.
Soldiers did not reach the scene until the trouble
was all over.
"Without a shred of proof to substantiate the
charge, the Radicals proclaimed that the riot
was the result of the President's delinquency,
and heralded this accusation in every form of
utterance. His [ Johnson's ] exculpation was in
the power of Stanton [ Secretary of War ] , but
Stanton held his peace, except to exclaim against
the Attorney-General of Louisiana and the
Mayor of New Orleans as 'pardoned rebels who
had instigated the murder of the people in the
streets of the city.' The Congressional Commit
tee appointed by Congress would hear nothing
from the President, and presently fled their
re
p
ort charging him as an accomplice in the
cnme . . . .
"No one seems to have mentioned that the com
bined deaths in Memphis and in New Orleans
numbered less than half the negroes who were
murdered in the draft riots of New York three
years before! Such facts would not well have har
monized with the Radical contention that it was
only in the South that the race problem gave
rise to turbulence! " `
Bac c|ectac|wastecot1e1qa|ecly |nc|e 1|aty
o| G|1eon Wel|es, w|o |a1 setve1 c|toag|oac
L|ncolns ceto o|o|ce as :ectecaty o| c|eNavy
an1was sc|ll setv|ng |nc|accapac|cyan1et )o|n
son,w|enc|etacet|ocsoccatte1|nNew Ot|eans
on )aly )u, l -66. G|1eon Wel|es sa|1.
"There is little doubt that the New Orleans
riots had their origin with the Radical Members
of Congress in Washington. It is part of a de
liberate conspiracy and was to be the commence
ment of a series of bloody afrays through the
States lately in rebellion . . . . There is a deter
mination to involve the country in civil war, if
necessary, to secure negro sufrage in the States
and Radical ascendancy in the General Govern
ment." ( 4)
The National Sin
Aseatlyas i -, tespons|oleoent|e oen
w|o wtoce oat Consc|cac|on|new c|ac slavety
was ev|| an1 1oooe1 co 1| e, bac |c |a1 becooe
so woven |nco c|e |abt|c o| Aoet|can l||e c|ac
c|oewasnee1e1co teoove |c. Ic coal1 |avebeen
teoove1w|c|oacc|eseao|b|oo1c|acwaspoate1
oac1at|ngan1|ollow|ngc|e C|v|l Wat Iea1ets
|n c|e Notc| (aoong c|eo, Abta|ao I|ncoln,
an1|nc|e:oac| (aoongc|eo, ownets o|slaves,
wete gtop|ngcowat1a oeans o| sen1|ng negtoes
bac| coA|t|caan1o|a|1|ng c|eo c|ete co 1evel
opc|e|town|n1epen1encnac|onan1colea1c|e|t
own way o| l||e. Bac c|e |nsensace |acte1 o|
notc|etn abol|c|on|scs |ot soac|etn w||ces pto
vo|e1 a 1e|ens|ve, eqaally senseless teacc|on on
c|e patc o| sooe soac|etn lea1ets w|o ct|e1 co
1e|en1 slavety as a noble |nsc|cac|on.
T|eNotc| 1|1 nocgocowatco |teec|es|aves,
an1 c|e :oac| 1|1 noc ug|c co ptesetve slavety.
T|e oc|al patpose o| c|e notc|etn govetnoenc
wasco ptesetve c|e Aoet|canLn|on. T|e o|c|al
patposeo|c|esoac|etngovetnoencwascoescab
l|s| c|e t|g|c o| c|e :oac| co be le|c alone, co
|ea1|csownl ||e|n|csownway.Bac|cwas|acte1,
|anne1 co w||ce|eac, boc| Notc| an1 :oac|,
c|acoa1eposs|blec|e aw|al |n|etnoo|:|eC|v|l
Wat.
Notc|etn s|avecta1ets btoag|c negtoes co c|e
Ln|ce1 :caces aga|nsc c|e|t w|ll, c|e onlytace o|
peopleevet|otce1co cooe|ete :oac|etn p|an
cac|on ownets boag|cc|enegtoes an1 ase1 c|eo
as slaves oac|etnets wete noc above engag|ng
|nc|es|avecta1e,an1notc|etnetswete nocabove
own|ng an1 wot||ng slaves T|e econoo|cs o|
c|e c|oe ass|gne1 c|e Notc| an1 :oac| c|e|t te
specc|ve toles
:lavety was, |n s|otc, a national s|n Bac |n
scea1o|gtow|ngoaa1l|naboacoatgteacnac|on
al s|n, we oag|c co loo| ac |c |n ptopet petspec
c|ve.
Pegtoes, w|oo New nglan1 an1 Btic|s|
slave traders brought to the new world, were not
ac|v|l|ze1peop|ecapcate1an1sol1|ncobon1age.
Page 212
T|ey wete batbat|ans, oost oi w|oo |a1 been
slaves |n Ait|ca, sol1 to w||te slave tta1ets by
ot|et negtoes T|e|t bon1age to t|e w||te oan
|nAoet|cawas,p|ys|callyspea||nganactaal |o
ptoveoent apon t|e l| ie t|ey |a1 en1ate1 |n
Ait|ca.
T|eslavessetiteebyt|eAoet|can C|v|l Wat
weteoia tacew||c| |a1 nevet 1evelope1 a c|v|
l|zat|on oi |ts own. T|ese negtoes |a1 no tac|al
pt|1e ot tac|al tta1|t|ons oi seligovetnoent.
T|e|t iotebeats |a1 nevet |nown anyt||ng bat
slavety, e|t|et |n t|e Westetn Heo|sp|ete ot |n
t|e|tAit|can|ooelan1.
T|ese wete t|e people, |ll|tetate an1 ptopetty
les
, w|o,|nonev|olentstep, wete1eclate1 eqaal

|e:ts oi a c|v|l|zat|on w||c| |t |a1 ta|en t|e
w||te oan t|oasan1s oi yeats to 1evelop. T|e
soat|etn w||tes (apon w|oo iell t|e oa|n tas|
oi |elp|ng t|e negtoes ass|o|late an anc|ent an1
al|en caltate, wete t|eoselves paapet|ze1, 1e
ootal|ze1, an1 eob|ttete1 by wata people
w|oseownwayoil|ie|a1beens|attete1byo|l|
taty act|on. An1 1at|ngt|e utst ten yeats w|en
t|esoat|etnw||teswete tty|ng to catty t||sbat
1en,t|eywetel|v|ngan1ett|e|eeloianat|onal
govetnoent |n t|e |an1s oi oen w|ose tal|ng
pass|onswetegtee1 an1|ate. Gans an1bayonets
oi nott|etn occapat|on ato|es iotce1 soat|etn
w||tes to accept stategovetnoents tanby ||l|tet
ate negtoes an1 w||te catpetbaggetsgovetn
oentsw||c|, an1ett|ecovetoilaw, 1espo|le1
soat|etnets oi t|e|t|ooesan1 ot|etptopetty.
Yet, sooe|ow, t|e oonaoental bat1en was
s|oal1ete1.
Negro Progress
A., American who has a sense of shame or
apologet|c ieel|ng aboatt|e ||stoty oi t|e blac|
oa
|n t|e Ln|te1 :tateseven |ncla1|ng t|e

pero1 oislavetys|oal1 loo| att|e ||stoty oi
t|e bac| oan elsew|ete. loo|, iot exaople, at
t|e |.stoty oi Ha|t|.
Ma|t| was a Itenc| colon|al possess|on itoo
l6) to lsc4. It was t|e oost ptospetoas Lato
peancolony|nt|eWestetnHeo|sp|ete. In ls)
( t|e yeatw|en Geotge Was||ngton becaoe t|e
utst Ptes|1ent oi t|e Ln|te1 :tates, , itee oalat
toes oi Ha|t| (w|o wete ptopetty ownets, oany
oi t|eo wealt|y, wete g|ven pol|t|cal t|g|ts.
T|e w||tes obj ecte1 to t||s, an1 i|etce tac|al
sttagglesensae1.
Onjanaaty l , l sc4,Ha|t|becaoean|n1epen1
ent nat|on, an1et t|e tale oi jean jacqaes Des
sal|nes, a negto, w|o ctowne1 ||oseli Lopetot.
He began ||s te|gn by oassact|ng all w||tes |n
Ha|t|, t|as oa||ng |t an allnegto nat|on. In
l s44, t|eeastetn |ali oit|e|slan1 tevolte1 an1
1eclate1 |ts |n1epen1ence ( now |nown as t|e
Doo|n|can kepabl|c, .
Ha|t| |as been an allnegto nat|on s|nce l sc4.
T|ec|v|l|zat|onw||c|t|enegtoestoo|ovetitoo
t|ew||tes |n l sc4 wasas a1vance1 as any |nt|e
Westetn Heo|sp|ete. Yet, s|nce t|e negtoes
ga|ne1 nat|onal |n1epen1ence, Ha|t| |as been a
lan1 oi btatal v|olence, bloo1y anatc|y, tytanny,
an1 povettyexcept iot one l )yeat pet|o1
w|en |t was an1et t|e sapetv|s|on oi L :. occa
pat|on iotces. Iollow|ng a pet|o1 oi w|l1 an
atc|y, |n w||c| iote|gn eobass|es wete loote1
an1 t|e|t petsonnel oat1ete1, t|e Ln|te1 :tates,
on jaly .s, l )l , sent a 1etac|oent oi mat|nes
|nto Ha|t| totestote ot1et. L. :. iotcesteoa|ne1
ant|l l )4. Dat|ng t|ose yeats oi w||te sapet-
v|s|on, t|e negto Repabl|c oi Ha|t| enjoye1 t|e
only ptospet|ty an1 t|e only pet|o1 oi law an1
ot1et,s|ncet|ew||tesweteexteto|nate1|ni -u4.
:|ottly aitet Itan|l|n D. Roosevelt en1e1 t|e
Page 213
U S occapat|ou of Ha|t|, bloody tatmo|l aud
gt|ud|ug povetty tetatued to tbat bapless laud
Today, tbe alluegto Repabl|c of Ha|t| |s tbe
most |ll|tetate aud deptessed atea |u tbe Westetu
Hem|spbete (6. 7)
fous|det tbe b|stoty of tbe black mau |u
Aasttal|a Tbe ftst Bt|t|sb settlemeut |u Aastta||a
was establ|sbed |u l -- Iu tbat laud, tbe black
mau |s a uat|ve, uevet bav|ug beeu btoagbt tbete
as a slave, ot otbetw|se opptessed by wb|tes
Aasttal|aus fotbade tbe m|gtat|ou of fote|gu ue
gtoes to tbe|t coautty, bat adopted a beuefceut
pol|cy towatd uat|ve blacks g|v|ug tbem itee
dom to sbate tbe wb|te maus c|v|l|zat|ou, ot to
tema|u apatt, aud lead tbe|t owu way of l|fe
Ptact|cally all of tbem bave cboseu to tema|u
apatt , aud tbey ate st||l a stoueage people, bav|ug
made iew advauces |u tbe l yeats s|uce wb|te
c|v|l|zat|ou ftst came to tbe|t bomelaud. ( 8)
lu tbe otbet baud, look at tbe b|stoty of tbe
Amet|cau uegto |u tbe Uu|ted States Betweeu
l -6 aud l ).-, tbe Amet|cau uegto made mote
ptogtess tbau tbe black mau bad evet made auy
wbete else |u tbe eut|te b|stoty oi tbe bamau
tace
Dat|ug tbat pet|od, Amet|cau uegtoes made a
m|tacaloas advauce towatd iall |utegtat|ou |uto
tbe wb|te mau s auc|eut caltate uot |utegta
t|ou |u tbe coutempotaty seuse of los|ug tbe|t
tac|al |deut|ty by fall amalgamat|ou w|tb tbe
wb|te tace, bat |utegtat|ou |u tbe seuse tbat tbey
begau to develop a pt|de |u tbe|t owu tace aud,
w|tb tbe wb|te mau s belp, begau to ba|ld tbe|t
owu caltatal aud edacat|oual |ust|tat|ous, estab
lish their own businesses, build their own homes,
owu tbe|t owu laud
W|tb matveloas speed, tbe Amet|cau uegtoes
tbauks to tbe audetstaud|ug aud sympatbet|c
a|d oi soatbetu wb|tes wete becom|ug a ptoad
aud distinctive patt of tbe total Amet|cau popa
lat|ou
Raci al Agitation
^s eatly as l )l , Ieu|u bad atged commau|sts
to ase tbe uegto ptoblem as a meaus of cteat|ug
d|sotdet aud stt|ie |u tbe Uu|ted States Bat tbe
commau|st ptogtam oi tac|al ag|tat|ou was uot
fotmally |aaucbed aut|l l ).- Heuce, l ).- |s a
s|gu|fcaut tatu|ug po|ut |u tbe b|stoty oi tace
telat|ous |u tbe Uu|ted States
Wbeu tbe commau|sts laaucbed tbe|t ptogtam
of tac|al ag|tat|ou, tbey wete spatted by a seuse
oi atgeucy, becaase tbey kuew tbat tbe ùegto
ptoblem was vau|sb|ug |u tbe Uu|ted States Iot
ptooi oi tb|s, exam|ue tbe wotds of ]obu Peppet,
tbe mau cboseu by Moscow to |u|t|ate tbe pto
gtam. ]obu Peppet wtote a l 6page pampblet
|uteuded as a baudbook fot commau|st tac|al
ag|tat|ou act|v|ty Iut|tled American Negro |o/
lems) |t was pabl|sbed ( l).-j by tbe Wotkets
I|btaty Pebl:sbets, Iast l .tb Stteet, New
Yotk ( omc|al pabl|sb|ug compauy oi tbe com
muu|st pattyj Note tbese passages .
"The Negroes of the United States are the
most advanced section of the Negro population
of the world and can play a decisive role in help
ing and leading the liberation movement of the
Negro colonies . . .
"The industrialization of the agrarian south
of the United States, the concentration of a new
Negro working-class population in the big cities
of the east and north, and the entrance of the
Negroes into the basic industries on a Inass scale,
have been changing, in the last few years, the
Page 214
whole social composition of the Negro race II
America . . . .
"A sharp class diferentiation has taken place
in the Negro population in recent years. For
merly the Negro was in the main the cotton
farmer in the south and the domestic help in the
north . . . . [ But now] in the big cities and in
dustrial centres of the north there is concentrated
to a growing degree a Negro working-class popu
lation . . . . At the same time there is a rapid de
velopment of a Negro petit-bourgeoisie, a Negro
intelligentsia, and even a Negro bourgeoisie. The
very fact of segregation of the Negro masses
creates the basis for the development of a stra
tum of small merchants, l awyers, physicians,
preachers, brokers, who try to attract the Negro
workers and farmers as consumers . . . .
"It would be a major mistake to overlook the
existence of class diferences among the Negroes,
especially the crystallization of a Negro bourgeoi
sie. There were in 1 924, 73 Negro banks, carrying
an annual volume of business of over 1 00, 000,000
dollars. There are 25 Negro insurance companies;
1 4 of these have assets totalling 6,000,000 dollars
and during 1 926 alone paid over 3, 000,000 dol
lars in claims. This Negro bourgeoisie is closely
tied up with the white bourgeoisie; is often the
agent of the white capitalists. Economically the
Negro banks are often part of the Federal Re
serve System of banking.
"Politically the Negro bourgeoisie is partICI
pating, to a growing degree, in the so-called 'com
missions for inter-racial cooperation.' These com
mittees exist in eight hundred counties of the
south and are spreading all through the black
belt."
Note tbat tbe commau|sts wete patt|calatly d|s-
tatbed becaase tbe uegto boatgeo|s|e was pat
t|cipatiug w:tb soatbetu wbites |u volautaty com
m|ss|ous iot |utettac|al coopetat|ou.
Pegto ptogtess |u tbe Uu|ted States was so
iast aud so sol|d aud batmou|oas telat|ous be
tweeu black aud wb|te taces wete be|ug so eec
FILM. HENCE, WE HA VE 16 MM SOUND FILM RECORDINGS COVERING
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an administrative
.
assist
nt to J. Edgar Hoov
r on FB'I headquar
ters staf in Washington; and almost four years on general FBI cases 10 vanous parts of the natton.
programs, Smot spoke to a national audience, giving both sies of controversial issues.
ee
enterpris operation fnanced entirely by profts from sal es : sales of The Ian Smoot
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eport, a weekl
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Y
.
magaz
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and sales of a weekly news-analysis broadcast, to business frms, for use on radlO and te1evlsl
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The Report and the broadcast gives only one side in presenting documented truth about tmportant Issues -the SIde
If you think Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting soialism and communism, you can
Page 215
t|vely developed tbat commau|sts aloue coald
uot bave doue set|oas batm.
Tbe tace ptoblem d|d uot become a majot
Amet|cau ttagedy aut|l tbe Democtat Patty, au
det tbe leadetsb|p oi Roosevelt aud Ttamau, iot
pol|t|cal teasous, adopted a ptogtam oi tac|al ag|
tat|ou. Tbe ptoblem d|d uot become a majot ua
t|oual d|sastet ttausiotm|ug peaceial commau|
t|es |uto caldtous oi v|oleuce aut|l modetu
Repabl|caus, audet tbe leadetsb|p oi I|seubowet
aud N|xou. laaucbed au all-oat pol|t|cal sttaggle
to w|u otgau|zed uegto sappott away itom tbe
Democtats.
Jbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou, |u |ts seatcb iot
pol|t|cal sappott, bas cyu|cally ptodded aud ma
u|palated tbe del|cate tac|al ptoblem aut|l, to
day, |t |s eut|tely couce|vable tbat places l ||e New
Yot| C|ty coald be ou tbe vetge oi a bott|ble
expet|euce compatable to tbat oi m|d]aly, l s6.
NIXT WIIK Mote ou tb|s ptoblem.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Abraham Lincoln, by John T. Morse, Jr. , American Statesmen
Series, 1893; and The Elcyclopaedia Brilclllica, 1 1 th Edition,
1 910, Volume 1 9, p. 623
( 2 ) Andrew /ohl!ol, A Siudy ill COl/rage, by Lloyd Paul Stryker,
The Macmtl lan Company, 1 929, pp. 1 26- 7; pp. 3 1 6- 19
( 3 ) Abraham Lincoln: The Jar Year!, by Carl Sandburg, Harcourt,
Brace & Company, 1936, Volume IV, p. 2 1 7 ; p. 2 1 8
( 4) Diary of Gideon WelleJ, edited by Howard K. Beale, W. W.
Norton & Company, 1960, Volume I I , pp. 569-70
( 5 ) The Census of 1 860 listed 1 1 4,995 slaves i n northern states:
HiJtorical StaliJticJ of the United SlateJ: Colollial TimeJ to
1 957, Bureau of the Census, 1960, pp. 1 1 - 1 2
( 6) The Encyclopaedia B" itanlica, 14th Edition, 1 932, Volume 1 1,
pp. 82- 3
( 7 ) The Encyclopedia Am
ricalla, 1961 Edition, Vol ume XI I I , pp.

628d-628h; Information PleaJe Almalac tor 1 963, Simon and
Schuster, 1962, pp. 701 - 2
( 8 ) The Ellcyclopedia Americana, 1961 Edition, Vol ume I I , pp.
567-69
Washington oficialdom uses your taxes for programs that are creating vast cesspools of waste and corruption
-and dragging our Republic into the quicksands of soci alism. But what can you do about it?
debaters, students, writers? Have you read and passed on to others any of the Dan Smoot books The Invisible
Govertment, The Hope Of The World, America's Promise?
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Page 216
NAME (Please Print)
STREET ADDRESS
CITY ZONE STATE
.
M
I(I Smoot
leport
Vol. 9, No. 28 (Broadcast 41 3) July 1 5, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
MORE EQUAL THAN EQUAL
1ete |s tbe c|vil t|gbts platiotm auuoauced by tbe commau|st patty |u 1928, wbeu com
mau|sts iotmally laaucbed tbe|t ptogtam to cteate soc|al d|sotdet |u tbe Uu|ted States by ag|
tat|ug tbe tac|al s|taat|ou.
"1 . Abolition of the whole system of race discrimination. Full racial, political, and social
equality for the Negro race.
"2. Abolition of all laws which result in segregation of Negroes. Abolition of all Jim Crow laws.
The law shall forbid all discrimination against Negroes in selling or renting houses.
"3. Abolition of all laws which disfranchise the Negroes.
"4. Abolition of laws forbidding intermarriage of persons of diferent races.
"5. Abolition of all laws and public administration measures which prohibit, or in practice
prevent, Negro children or youth from attending general public schools or universities.
"6. Full and equal admittance of Negroes to all railway station waiting rooms, restaurants,
hotels, and theatres.
"7. Federal law against lynching and the protection of the Negro masses in their right of self
defense.
.
"8. Ab
?
lition of discriminatory practices in courts against Negroes. No discrimination in
J ury serVIce.
"9. Abolition of the convict lease system and of the chain-gang.
"1 0. Abolition of all Jim Crow distinction in the army, navy, and civil service.
"1 1 . Immediate removal of all restrictions in all trade unions against the membership of Negro
workers.
"1 2. Equal opportunity for employment, wages, hours, and working conditions for Negro and
white workers. Equal pay for equal work for Negro and white workers."( l )
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas, Texas, 75214; Telephone TAylor 1 -2303 ( ofice address
6441 Gaston Avenue ) . Subscription rates : $1 0.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
class mail $1 2. 50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14. 50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues: 1
copy for 25; 6 for $1.0; 50 for $5. 50; 100 for $10. 00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 217
1u 1 946, Ptes|deut Ttamau cteated a Ptes|
deut's Comm|ttee ou C|v|l R|gbts. Iu Octobet,
1947, tb|s Comm|ttee pabl|sbed a tepott, tecom
meud|ug fedetal leg|slat|ou to oatlaw all d|s
ct|m|uat|ou aud segtegat|ou based ou tace, colot,
cteed, ot uat|oual ot|g|u. Iu Iebtaaty, 1948, Ptes|
deut Ttamau teqaested of Cougtess c|v|l t|gbts
leg|slat|ou based ou tbe 1947 Repott. Cougtess
tefased Tbe Democtat Patty pat sttoug c|v|l
t|gbts ptov|s|ous |u |ts pol|t|cal platfotm fot tbe
1 948 elect|ous, aud so d|d tbe Repabl|cau Patty'
Tbas, tweuty yeats aftet commau|sts |u|t|ated
tbe|t ptogtam to cteate tac|al stt|fe, tbe two majot
pol|t|cal patt|es made tbe tace qaest|ou a pt|maty
|ssae |u a ptes|deut|al elect|ou. Keuuedy' s c|v|l
t|gbts ptoposals |u 1 963 go beyoud tbe ot|g|ual
commau|st ptogtam.
Enforci ng Equal i t
lu Aagust 1 3, 1 953, Ptes|deut I|seubowet
|ssaed au Ixecat|ve Otdet cteat|ug tbe Govetu
meut Couttact Comm|ttee (w|tb V|ce Ptes|deut
N|xou as cba|tmauj . Tb|s Comm|ttee bad tbe
tespous|b|l|ty of see|ug tbat bas|uess ntms w|tb
govetumeut couttacts d|d uot petm|t tac|al d|s
ct|m|uat|ou |u tbe|t employmeut ptact|ces.
Ou Jauaaty 1 8, 195 5 , Ptes|deut I|seubowet |s
saed au Ixecat|ve Otdet cteat|ug tbe Comm|ttee
ou Govetumeut Imploymeut Pol|cy, to guatautee
tbat all cous|detat|ous of tace be el|m|uated | u
tbe b|t|ug of petsous to wotk fot tbe fedetal gov
etumeut.
Ou Matcb 6, 1 961 , Ptes|deut Keuuedy |ssaed
au Ixecut|ve Otdet abol|sb|ug tbe two I|seu
bowet comm|ttees, aud sabst|tat|ug fot tbem tbe
Ptes|deut's Comm|ttee ou Iqaal Imploymeut
Oppottau|ty, w|tb V|ce Ptes|deut Jobusou as
cba|tmau. Tbe tespous|b|l|ty of tb|s Comm|ttee
is to eliminate racial discrimination in every ac
t|v|ty tbat bas auy couuect|ou, d|tect ot |ud|tect,
w|tb tbe speud|ug ot leud|ug of fedetal tax
mouey. Pt|vate ba|ldets wbo get IHA, ot otbet,
loaus mast uot petm|t auy tac|al d|sct|m|uat|ou
|u tbe|t owu employmeut ptact|ces ot |u tbe em
ploymeut ptact|ces of tbe|t couttactots. Tbey mast
sell, teut, ot lease tbe|t teal estate w|tboat tegatd
to tace. Iedetal ageuc|es mast el|m|uate all k|uds
of tac|al d|sct|m|uat|ou ot segtegat|ou, aud auy
statc ot pt|vate ageuc|es tece|v|ug fedetal fauds,
aud auy pt|vate ntm couttact|ug, ot sabcouttact
|ug, wotk fot tbe fedetal govetumeut, mast do
tbe same.
Jbe fact |s, of coatse, tbat tbe fedetal govetu
meut bas uo coust|tat|oual aatbot|ty to leud
mouey ot gaatautee pt|vate loaus, tbtoagb IHA
ot otbetw|se, to |ud|v|daals ot bas|uess ntms. It
bas uo coust|tat|oual aatbot|ty to g|ve tax mouey
to state govetumeuts fot scbools, welfate, auem
ploymeut compeusat|ou, employmeut act|v|t|es,
aud so ou.
Iud|v|daals aud state govetumeuts |u tbe
Soatb aud elsewbete wbo take | llegal fedetal
baudoats aad tbeu compla|u aboat | llegal fedetal
couttols bave uo log|c to sappott tbe|t pos|t|ou
Tbe way to eud tb|s patt|calat aspect of fedetal
dom|uat|ou of pt|vate aud state aa|ts |s to el|m
|uate tbe fedetal sabs|d|es wb|cb g|ve some
colot of j ast|ncat|ou fot tbe dom|uat|ou It |s |u
tetest|ug to uote, |u tb|s couuect|ou, tbat advo
cates of all fedetal a|d ptogtams ( patt|calatly
fedetal a|d to edacat|ouj |ucessautly tepeat tbe
t|ted old atgameut tbat fedetal belp does uot
meau fedetal couttol, altboagb evety oue kuows
bettet, aud cau see |u tbe tecotd of catteut eveuts
tbat a pt|maty teasou fot fedetal a|d |s to cteate
a ptetext fot fedetal couttol .
1edetal teqa|temeuts aga|ust d|sct|m|uat|ou
|u tbe employmeut ptact|ces of pt|vate bas|uess
ntms wotk|ug ou couttacts ot sabcouttacts fot tbe
govetumeut bave uo bas|s |u tbe sp|t|t ot pto
v|s|ous of Amet|cau coust|tat|oual law. Wbeu
the government buys goods ftom pt|vate |ud|
v|daals, ot couttacts w|tb tbem to ptodace goods,
|t bas a t|gbt aud tespous|b|l|ty to tequ|te bouest
Page 218
aud ec|eut couttact falnllmeut It bas uo t|gbt
to fotce ou tbe pt|vate couttactots tbe soc|al ot
pol|t|cal |deology of te|gu|ug Wasb|ugtou oc|al
dom. Yet. ftom l ) to l )6l , I|seubowet aud
N|xou (tbtoagb I|seubowet s Govetumeut Cou
ttact Comm|tteej , aud s|uce l )6l , Keuuedy aud
Jobusou (tbtoagb Keuuedy s Comm|ttee ou Iqaal
Imploymeut Oppottau|tyj bave ased govetu
meut couttacts as a clab to ptomote tbe|t owu
pol|t|cal euds.
It |s a b|g clab. Iedetal govetumeut speud|ug
amoauts to mote tbau .u~ of tbe Gtoss Na:|oual
Ptodact of tbe Uu|ted States.
State and Local Acti on
1.add|t|ou to fedetal eotts, at least .u states
( aud mauy mau|c|pal|t|es j bave laws aga|ust
tac|al d|sct|m|uat|ou |u pt|vate employmeut, |u
pabl|c employmeut, |u boas|ug, |u scbools, aud
|u tbe ase of pabl|c fac|l|t|es.
Most state laws aga|ust tac|al d|sct|m|uat|ou
go to exttaotd|uaty exttemes Tbe Cal|fotu|a
Ia|t Imploymeut Ptact|ce Act, fot example,
makes |t |llegal fot a pt|vate employet to ask a
j ob appl|caut wbetbet be |s a c|t|zeu of tbe
Uu|ted States ot eveu to ask b|m bow loug
be bas beeu a tes|deut |u tb|s coautty.
S|uce tbe Cal|fotu|a Ia|t Imploymeut Ptact|ces
Comm|ss|ou was cteated |u l )), ovet 4. cases
aga|ust pt|vate employets bave beeu baudled. Oue
typ|ca| case |uvolved Ieuu|e I. Audtews, a uegto,
employed as a coacb cleauet |u tbe Batstow, Cal|
fotu|a, yatds of tbe Sauta ie Ra|ltoad Compauy.
Audtews d|d uot l|ke tbe j ob of cleau|ug coacbes.
He asked fot ptomot|ou to tbe j ob of catmau
Tbe ta|ltoad tefased to ptomote b|m becaase be
bad uo apt|tade fot tbe j ob be wauted. Sbottly
tbeteaftet ( |u Matcb, l )6uj , Audtews was foaud
asleep dat|ug wotk|ug boats |u a coacb be was
sapposed to be cleau|ug. He was nted. He com
plained to the California FEPC that he had been
deu|ed tbe ptomot|ou aud bad beeu fted becaase
be was a uegto Tbe IIPC, |guot|ug tbe facts
sappl|ed by tbe ta|ltoad ( facts sttougly batttessed
by tbe c|tcamstauces tbat tbe compauy bas a latge
uambet of uegto employees wbo bave beeu pto
moted ou met|t aud wbo bave uot beeu ntedj ,
taled tbat tbe compauy bad d|sct|m|uated aga|ust
Audtews Tbe IIPC otdeted Sauta Ie to te|u
state Audtews |u b|s old ob, to g|ve b|m l u
moutbs back pay, aud to ptomote b|m at tbe
ftst oppottau|ty. ( 6)
Auotbet typ|cal Cal| fotu|a IIPC case |uvolved
Clateuce B. Ramsey. Iu Jauaaty, l )6l . Ramsey, a
uegto, appl|ed fot a job as sb|pp|ug cletk w|tb tbe
T. H. W| lsou Compauy, a pbotogtapb|c sapply
itm |u Sau Itauc|sco. Tbe compauy, cous|det|ug
b|m auqaal|fed, tefased to b|te b|m. Ramsey
compla|ued to tbe IIPC wb|cb taled tbat te
fasal to b|te Ramsey was au act of tac|al d|sct|m
|uat|ou lu Aagast, l )6l , tbe IIPC otdeted tbe
compauy to g|ve Ramsey s. l u wb|cb tepte
seuted tbe amoaut of mouey Ramsey woald bave
eatued |u wages ftom Jauaaty to Aagast, l )6l ,
| f be bad beeu b|ted.
Tbese two Cal|fotu|a cases ate typ|cal of oat
tageoas |uj ast|ces aud v|olat|ous of |ud|v|daal
t|gbts wb|cb ate commouplace, uot ouly |u Cal|
fotu|a, bat |u all states wb|cb bave IIPC laws.
Consequences
x|st|ug c|v|l t|gbts ptogtams ( of fedetal,
state, aud local govetumeuts j alteady covet at
least twotb|tds of tbe total popalat|ou |u tbe
Uu|ted States, accotd|ug to statemeuts wb|cb Ptes|
deut Keuuedy made |u b|s c|v|l t|gbts message
of jaue l), l)6- Tbe osteus|ble patpose of tbe
ptogtams |s to el|m|uate tac|al teus|ous by abol|sb
|ug tac|al d|sct|m|uat|ou Yet, tac|al teus|ous ate
|unu|tely wotse uow tbau befote auy of tbe pto
gtams wete |u|t|ated. Tbe odd d|stott|ous of
l|betal teasou ou tbe tace qaest|ou bave bad
|ucted|ble couseqaeuces.
On September 24, 1957, President Eisen
bowet seut a D|v|s|ou of a|tbotue ttoops to I|ttle
Page 219
Roc|, becaase, be sa|d, d|sotdetly mobs |u tbat
c|ty wete defy|ug tbe law. No law was |uvolved,
bowevet Tbe d|sotdetly mobs cous|sted of
aboat .uu boasew|ves aud wot|ets, cougtegated
ou tb

la
"
u a

Ceuttal H|gb Scbool, j eet|ug, ot
staudug u sileut ptotest aga|ust a Sapteme
Coatt otdet tbat u|ue uegto cb|ldteu sboald be
eutolled |u Ceuttal H|gb ( eveu tboagb a mote
modetu aud commod|oas pabl|c b|gb scbool was
ava|lable to tbe cb|ldteu |u tbe|t owu ue|gbbot
boodj . Ptes|deut I|seubowet |utettapted a va
cat|ou |u Rbode Islaud aud tetatued to Wasb|ug
tou fot a tad|otelev|s|ou speecb to tbe uat|ou
aboat tbe I|ttle Roc| aa|t wb|cb, becaase of
b|s act|ou, was emblazoued |u bauuet beadl|ues
all ovet tbe wotld.
Aboat m|du|gbt ou Septembet 2 3, 1 957 ( j ast
a few boats befote I|seubowets m|l|taty act|ou
aga|ust tbe d|sotdetl y mobs |u I|ttle Roc|j
some teal mob v|oleuce etapted |u Ioue Stat,
Texas. Apptox|mately l uuu stt||ets (Uu|ted
Steel Wot|etsCIOj j ammed euttauce gates at
tbe Ioue Stat Steel Compauy, pteveut|ug em
ployees wbo wauted to wot| ftom eutet|ug tbe
plaut. Tbey tbtew toc|s at cats aud uoustt||ets,
aud sboated |usalts aud obsceu|t|es at wot|ets
wbo apptoacbed tbe gates It was au |llegal
stt||e |u tbe seuse tbat tbe au|ou bad uot
aatbot|zed |t, aud mauagemeut was oot cetta|u
wbat |t was al| aboat. Tbe compauy obta|ued a
coatt |uj auct|ou aga|ust mass p|c|et|ug, bat tbe
stt||e cout|uaed auyway. Compauy cats wete
stoued, w|udows wete bto|eu. Oue compauy
ttac|dt|vet sa|d be was fo|lowed by two catloads
of stt||ets wbo fted ou b|m, pauctat|ug a t|te ou
b|s ttac|. Tbe w|fe of oue uoustt||et sa|d tbe
l|ves of bet cb|ldteu wete eudaugeted A sales
tepteseutat|ve sa|d oue baudted stt||ets mobbed
b|s cat, tty|ug to tatu |t ovet.
Iu I|ttle Roc|, At|ausas .uu boasew|ves
aud wot|ets m|ll|ug atoaud Ceuttal H|gb Scbool ,
|u Ioue Stat, Texas, l uuu CIO stt||ets atmed
w|tb toc|s, clabs, aud gaus do|ug v|oleuce to
tbe l|fe, l|betty, aud ptopetty of |uuoceut c|t|zeus'
Ptes|deut I|seubowet d|d uotb|ug, sa|d uotb
|ug, aboat tbe Ioue Stat, Texas, aa|t.

Vtes|deut Keuuedy bas d|splayed tbe same
b:as Wasb|ugtou, D c. , bas become a place
wbete people ate uot safe ou tbe stteets at
u|gbt, ot eveu |u cbatcb ot |u tbe|t owu bomes
auless cateall

gaatded Iast Tbau|sg|v|ug Day

small muotty of wb|te people |u a ptedom
uautly uegto ctowd at a b|gb scbool football
game wete savagely maaled by uegto spectatots
aftet tbe vb|te football team bad defeated tb
ue
to te
m

Pol|
ce wete powetless to ptotec: tbe

wb.te m.uotty, j ast as pol|ce |u Wasb|ugtou ate
ge
etally auable to g|ve tbe m|uot|ty wb|te popa

lat|ou adeqaate ptotect|ou aga|ust uegto bood
lams. Tbe Ptes|deut coald, w|tb coust|tat|oual
aatbot|ty, as

fedetal
toops to ptotect tee peo

ple of Wasb:ugtou agaust lawless v|oleuce, s|uce
tbe c|ty |s |u a fedetal d|stt|ct , bat tbe Ptes|deut
bas uevet doue . t.
Iu ay, 1963, bowevet, Ptes|deut Keuuedy
"
as qa.c| to seud fedetal ttoops to ptotect t|ot
ug uegtoes |u B|tm|ugbam wbete aatbot|t|es
bad tbe s|taat|ou well |u baud aud wete |mpat
t|ally eufotc|ug tbe law, wbete uo fedetal law
ot fedetal coatt otdet bad beeu v|olated ot eveu
tbteateued, wbete tbete was uo coust|tat|oual
aatbot|ty fot fedetal |utetveut|ou.
It |s safe to say tbat less damage to tbe petsous
aud ptopetty of |uuoceut people bas occatted |u
all tac|al stt|fe |u tbe State of Alabama dat|ug tbe
past teu yeats, tbau occatted |u tb|tty m|uates ou
1bauksg|v|ug Day, 1 962, at Wasb|ugtou, D. C.
lu ]aue 1 2, 1 963, Medgat Ivets, uegto neld
tepteseutat|ve fot tbe Nat|oual Assoc|at|ou fot
tbe Advaucemeut of Coloted People |u M|ss|s
s|pp|, was matdeted |u ]ac|sou. Tbe IBI |uvest|
gated tbe ct|me as a fedetal case. IBI ageuts
|deut|fed a saspect aud attested b|m audet aa
tbot|ty of fedetal c|v|l t|gbts laws, latet tatu|ug
b|m ovet to state aatbot|t|es fot ptosecat|ou ou
a matdet cbatge.
Ou ]aue 1 2, 1 963, a wb|te mau was ||lled by
a uegto dat|ug a tace t|ot |u Iex|ugtou, Nottb
Catol|ua. Ieceta| aatoot|t.es soowec uo |ucetesc
|u tb|s case.
Page 220
Ou Jaue l., l )6), two wb|te meu wete |u
j ated by sbotgau blasts i ted |uto tbe|t ot|vate
olaces of bas|uess, dat|ug a tace t|ot at Cam
bt|dge, Matylaud Iedetal aatbot|t|es sbowed uo
|utetest :u tb|s case
Ou tbe u|gbt of Jaue l ., l )6), 6 uegtoes
stabbed au l -yeatold wb|te boy aud taoed b|s
l yeatold comoau|ou |u Clevelaud, Ob|o Ied
etal aatbot|t|es sbowed uo |utetest |u tb|s case
Ou Jaue l ), l )6), Medgat Fvets, tbe s|a|u
NAACP leadet (au exsetv|cemauj was bat|ed
|u Atl|ugtou Nat|oual Cemetety, w|tb a|| tbe
solemu cetemouy castomaty at tbe bat|al of a
uat|oual beto
Ou Jaue l), l )6), tbtee wb|te sold|ets wete
dtagged oat of tbe|t cat |u Wasb|ugtou, D. C,
aud beateu by a gaug of uegtoes Oue of tbe
wb|te sold|ets Fdwatd Betcbet was k|lled
Tbe uegtoes tau ovet b|s body w|tb tbe|t cat, as
tbey wete leav|ug tbe sceue. Tbe IBI d|d uot
eutet tb|s case, aud tbe fauetal of Betcbet, a mat
deted wb|te sold|et, was uot eveu teootted |u tbe
otess.
Ou Jaue l ), l )6), a bomemade bomb, tbtowu
ot olaced by aukuowu assa|lauts, damaged a ue
gto cbatcb ueat G|llett, Atkausas. Newsoaoet
accoauts |ud|cate tbat tbe IBI d|d eutet tb|s
case. ' '''
Ou tbe u|gbt of Jaue .6, l )6), dyuam|te bombs
blasted tbe bomes of two wb|te ool|ce omcets | u
M|uueaool|s. Pt|ot to tbe bomb|ugs, botb wb|te
meu bad tece|ved uametoas tbteateu|ug telepboue
calls ftom uegtoes. Iedetal aatbot|t|es d|d uot
eutet tb|s case.
lu Jaue , l )6), tbe Da|las Post Omce au
uoauced tbe otomot|ou of ) uegtoes to saoet
v|soty pos|t|ous. Ou tbe bas|s of met|t, ) wb|te
meu tauked b|gbet tbau tbe b|gbest tauk|ug uegto
ou tbe otomot|ou l|st.
Ou |aly , l )o), a San Antonio Evening News
colamu|st qaoted local fedetal omc|als as say|ug
tbey bad beeu told to il| vacauc|es w|tb uotb|ug
|at Negtoes 1be otdet was g|veu vetbally.
( I 1 )
Ou Jaly 6, vat|oas teg|oua| fedetal o|c|als de
u|ed tbe Sau Autou|o stoty, by say|ug tbat tbe
Sau Autou|o oac|als bad exaggetated wbat
we ve asked tbem to do '
Coucetu|ug uegtoes |u govetumeut setv|ce,
Lu|ted tates Reoteseutat|ve Btace Alget (Re
oabl|cau, Texas j says
"While the negroes comprise only 1 0 percent
of the population . . . they already hold jobs,
especially in government, far beyond this per
centage. In Washington, in such agencies as the
Post Ofice Department, General Services Ad
ministration, etc., employment for negroes runs
as high as 40 to 50 percent. "( 1 3)
1u sam c|v|l t|gbts fot uegtoes, |u tbe eyes of
ool|t|c|aus baugty fot uegto votes, meaus tbat
batm|ug a uegto |s a uat|oual d|sastet wb|cb te
qa|tes fedetal act|ou eveu wbeu sacb act|ou v|o
lates tbe Coust|tat|ou, bat uegto v|oleuce aga|ust
wb|tes |s a toat|ue mattet beueatb tbe uot|ce of
fedetal aatbot|t|es C|v|l t|gbts fot uegtoes |u
fedeta| emoloymeut meaus tbat tbey mast be oto
moted above wb|te meu wbo oattauk tbem ou
tbe bas|s of oetsoual met|t, aud mast be g|veu
otefeteuce as aool |cauts fot emoloymeut, eveu
tboagb tbey alteady bo|d a d|sotooott|ouate sbate
of all govetumeut obs. ( 14)
Overt Demands For Preference
Ag|tatots of tbe tac|al ptoblem bave loug
couteuded tbat tbey metely waut to abol|sb d|s
ct|m|uat|ou against uegtoes to el|m|uate tac|al
cousc|oasuess so tbat uegtoes w|l| be tteated as
|ud|v|daals, w|tboat tegatd to tbe|t tace. Now,
bowevet, tbese same ag|tatots ate ftaukly de
maud|ug tbat uegtoes be g|veu ptefeteut|al tteat
meut because of their race.
iu uottoetu c|t|es, taoayets ate oa.deoed with
tbe exoeuse of ttausoottat|ou setv|ces to baal
Page 221
uegto cb|ldteu m|les itom tbe|t ue|gbbotboods
so tbat tbey cau be eutolled |u scbools w|tb wb|te
cb|ldteu.
Ou ]aue 30, 1 963, Matt|u Iatbet K|ug ( uo
tot|oas uegto ag|tatot j demauded d|sct|m|ua
t|ou |u tevetse. Tbat |s, be wauts oteieteut|al
tteatmeut oi uegtoes |u tbe iotm oi fuauc|al a|d
itom tbe iedetal govetumeut to otov|de uegtoes
soec|al advautages |u emoloymeut, edacat|ou,
boas|ug, aud so ou.
( ! : l
Ou ]aly 1 , 1 963, I|ucolu
Iyucb, au omc|al oi Tbe Cougtess oi Rac|al
Iqaal|ty, weut oue steo iattbet |u demaud|ug
tbat uegtoes be g|veu oteieteut|al tteatmeut, uot
ouly by govetumeut bat by ot|vate otgau|za
t|ous.
( 1 6 )
Tbese uegto ag|tatots tbteateu tbe uat|ou w|tb
v|oleuce |i tbey do uot get tbe oteieteut|al ttev
meut tbey demaud.
Pegto leadets ate uow say|ug tbat tbe abseuce
oi wb|te cb|ldteu itom alluegto scbools meaus
a sbottage oi amb|t|oas, edacat|oum|uded models
iot uegto cb|ldteu to cooy ' ' ' Tb|s does co|u
c|de w|tb tbe fud|ugs oi sc|eut|fc teseatcb.
Dt. Aadtey M. Sbaey, Cba|tmau oi tbe De
oattmeut oi Psycbology at RaudolobMacou
Womau s College, Iyucbbatg, V|tg|u|a, wtote a
book, The Testing of Negro Intelligence ( 1 958) .
Dt. Sbaey tev|ewed all exteus|ve osycbolog|cal
test|ug oi uegtoes doue |u tbe Uu|ted :tates de
|ug tb|s ceutaty. Het couclas|ou |s tbat, ou tbe
wbole, uegtoes bave lowet IQs tbau wb|tes, re
gardless oi euv|toumeutal iactots, aud tbat tbete
ate defu|te |utell |geuce d|eteuces betweeu wb|te
aud uegto taces.
Dt. Heuty I. Gattett, iotmet Ptes|deut oi tbe
Amet|cau Psycbolog|cal Assoc|at|ou aud Ptoies
sot Imet|tas oi Psycbology at Colamb|a Uu|
vets|ty, says |u tbe |uttodact|ou to Dt. Sbaeys
book
"Dr. Shuey concludes that the regularity and
consistency of the results strongly imply a racial
basis for these diferences. I believe that the
weight of evidence supports her conclusion."
Imoatt|al iote|gu obsetvets bave come to tbe
same couclas|ou. Petegt|ue Wotstbotue, au ed|
tot oi tbe Ioudou Sunday Telegraph, says .
"To be brutally frank, the most serious and
ineradicable obstacle to a genuine multi-racial
society in the United States may be less the
Southern white man's privileges than the North
ern black man's inadequacies. "(8)
luly God cau evalaate tbe wottb oi bamau
|
d|v|daals ot taces It |s qa|te beyoud tbe oto

v|uce oi mau to kuow wbetbet auy |ud|v|daal
ot tace |s saoet|ot to auotbet. Ouly God kuows
wbetbet uegtoes bave coutt|bated mote ot less
tbau wb|tes to ialfllmeut oi God s olau iot
bamau|ty. Ouly God kuows wbetbet c|v|l|za
t|ou, as we kuow |t, |s bettet ot wotse tbau tbe
ot|m|t|ve soc|ety oi uegtoes |u tbe augles oi
Ait|ca.
Iu evalaat|ug bamau accomol|sbmeuts, tbe best
we cau do |s to ase staudatds kuowu to as. All
oi as wbo ate be|ts oi Westetu c|v|l|zat|ou
( wb|cb |uclades uegtoes amoug asj ase sacb
votds as otogtess aud accomol|sbmeut |u
couiotm|ty w|:b tbe staudatds oi oat c|v|l|zat|ou
eveu wbeu ve ackuowledge tbat God' s cou
ceot oi otogtess aud accomol|sbmeut may
d|et itom oats
Iu tb|s coutext, cetta|u tb|ugs ate obv|oas.
It |s obv|oas tbat Westetu c|v|l|zat|ou was
otodaced by wb|tes. Iot ot|m|t|ve l|v|ug audet
batsb obys|cal coud|t|ous, tbe black mau |s ob
v|oasly bettet adaoted tbau wb|tes , bat iot l|v|ug
|u tbe wb|te mau s c|v|l|zat|ou, wb|tes ate ob
v|oasly bettet adaoted tbau uegtoes.
Wbeu leit aloue, tbe uegto bas uevet advauced
beyoud a ot|m|t|ve caltate. Wbeu leit aloue
aitet tak|ug ovet au advauced wb|te c|v|l|zat|ou
(as |u Ha|t| j , tbe uegto bas tettogtaded tatbet
tbau otogtessed.
( : !I !
Nowbete else ou eattb bas
tbe oegto made sacb sebstaut|al otogtess as .u
tbe Uu|ted ::ates, wbete be bas tece|ved extta
otd|uaty ass|stauce itom wb|tes.
1u demaud|ug euiotced tac|al m.x:ug so tbat
uegtoes w.|| oeueac ttom association with whites,
uegto leadets |uadvetteutly adm|t uegto |uiet|ot
Page 222
ity, bat to j asti fy tbeit demauds fot ptefeteutial
tteatmeut, tbey claim tbat uegtoes ate uow eu
titled to ptefeteuce becaase tbey always befote
bave beeu opptessed, tbey claim tbat uegtoes ate
backwatd iu oat c.vi l .zatiou becaase t|ey |ave
uevet beeu giveu a cbauce.
Tbis simply is uot so.
Befote uegto agitatiou became a majot issae
iu Ameticau politics, wbites ( iu soatbetu states,
especiallyj volautatily gave uegtoes ptefeteutial
tteatmeut of tbe kiud tbat was most beuencial to
uegtoes. Tbe ptevailiug attitade iu toe Soatb was
tbat wbites bad a tespousibility to oelp uegtoes
Wbite employets woald pat ap witb laziuess,
disbouesty, aud ittespousibility ou tbe patt of
uegto employees tbat tbey woald uot fot a mo
meut toletate iu wbites Wbite families volau
tatily assamed a tespousibility fot uegtoes tbat
tbey woald uevet assame fot otbet wbites. Wbites
woald take nuaucial tisks to belp a uegto wbicb
tbey woald uot tbiuk of takiug to belp a wbite
mau witb compatable tesoatces aud ctedit tatiug.
Tbis is wby tbete ate mote iudepeudeut, ptos
petoas uegto basiuesses iu tbe soatbetu patt of
tbe Uuited States tbau iu auy otbet patt of tbe
wotld. wbite meu, audetstaudiug tbe uegto aud
feeliug tespousibility fot bim, gave bim special
belp tbat was uot available to auyoue else.
It is ttae tbat fot geuetatious followiug tbe
Civil Wat, gteat uambets o soatbetu uegtoes
wete tteated like cbildteu, becaase tbey bebaved
like cbildteu. Bat, geuetally, siuce tbe eud of tbe
Civil Wat, tbe uegto bas beeu tteated ou tbe
basis of iudividaal metit. Tbose wbo bave tbe
ability to tise iu oat society bave tiseu, mauy to
gteat beig|ts, w|ete t|ey eujoy all tbe acvautages
of wealt|, fame, aud pablic acclaim tbat wbites
witb compatable accomplisbmeuts euj oy.
Jbe attogauce of coutempotaty uegto leadets ,
tbe widesptead violeuce agaiust wbites aud mass
denauce of local laws by uegtoes wbo ate sap
potted, eucoataged, aud defeuded by Wasbiug
tou ocials so gteedy fot powet tbat tbey ate
williug to desttoy tbe Coustitatiou aud abolisb
tbe most faudameutal t.gbts of all t|e people iu
otdet to get tbe votes of otgauized uegtoes iu
key uottbetu cities , tbe ptefeteutial tteatmeut of
uegroes . u goverumeut employmeut, aud t|e gov
etumeutallyeufotced, ptefeteutial tteatmeut of
uegto job applicauts iu ptivate iudastty, iu a
time of auemploymeut tbese ate cteatiug a
geuetal teseutmeut of wbites agaiust uegtoes tbat
did uot exist befote. Tbe uegto iu Ametica will
soou tealize tbat libetal politiciaus aud agitatots
bave led bim iuto disastet. Tbe wbole uatiou will
saffet.
What To Do
J|e most obvioas tbiug tbat we oag|t to do
SMU in Dallas getting BA and MA degrees in 1938 and
Born in Missouri, reared in Texas, Dan Smoot went
F 11 Enlish doing graduate work for a doctorate
1940. In 1941, he j oined the facult at Harvard as a Teac 109 e ow In ,
.
. .
I A e t he worked for three and a half years on commumst
In 1942 he left Harvard and JOined the FBI. As an FB
.
n ,
. .
t t to J
Edgar Hoover on FBI headquar
-
'
.
h
.
d
.
I M d est two years as an administrative assls an .
.
i nvestigations In t e In ustna I w
1 FBI cases in various parts of the nation.
ters staf in Washington; and almost four years on genera
d I . .
.
he FBI and hel ed start Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio an te eVISlOn
p,ogm.~`.k.
'
t
"
.! .udience, giving oth ,id .. of conttove"i.! 'ue,.
. .
f . .
d dent ublishing and broadcasting buslOess -a re-
In July 1955, he resigned and started his present I epen
I
P
f Th Dan Smoot Report a weekly magazine;
,
.
f d
.
I b profts from sal es: b es L e
' d
. .
h 1
enterprise operation nance entire y y
.
f f adio and television as an a vertlsmg ve IL e.
and sales of a weekly news-analyss broadcast, to
.
bus
.
lOess rm

o
-ted truth about important issues the side
The Report and the broadca
pve only one
Ide I psent

available by subscription; and the broadcasts are
that uses the American Constitution as a yardstlc. T e e
t
-;s
available for commercial sponsorship, anywhere In the Vnlt tates.
n
I f A ' fghting socialism and commumsm, you c
If you think Dan Sm
t is '
roviding efective too
Sf
or
his
;
s
and broadcasts.
help immensly -by help 109 him get more customers or
Page 223
aboat toe tace ptoblem |s to demaud toat toe
iedetal govetumeut qa|t meddl|ug w|to | t Cou
gtess sooald teect Ptes| deut Keuuedy s c|v|l
t|gots ptogtam eut tely, aud |t sooald tepeal all
ex|st|ug c|v|| t|g|ts leg|slat|ou |u otdet to tetatu
to toe |deal oi eqaal|tybeiotetoe|aw iot all
petsous |u oat uat|ou
Ii to| s coald be doue, aud |i all toe iedetal gov
etumeut s aucoust|tat|oual otogtams oi a|d|ug
aud meddl|ug |u state aud local aa|ts coald be
stooped, we woald tetatu to a itee aud volau
taty soc|ety |u wo|co eaco commau|ty ot state
coald oaudle |ts ou tace otoblem, |i auy, |u |ts
owu way To|s |s a slow aud lougtauge aootoaco,
bat |t |s toe ouly apptoaco toat oets auy oope
oi solat|ou iot toe most daugetoas domest|c ptob
lem |u toe Uu|ted tates s|uce toe oatbteak oi toe
C|v|l Wat
Wo|tes, oatuambet|ug uegtoes by aboat l c to
l , coald vote oat oi oace evety ool|t|c|au woo |s
ta|u|ug toe coautty by b|dd|ug iot uegto votes
w| to c|v|l t|g|ts otooosals Ii wo|tes cout|uae
sabm|tt|ug to toe d|ctat|ou oi toe tad|cal leadets
oi a sma|l m|uot|ty, toey w|ll desetve woat toey
get
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Americall Negro Problem.f, by John Pepper, Workers Library
Publishers, New York City, 1 928
( 2 ) "Perspective: Time for Statesmanship," by Raymond Moley,
NeU'.rtl"eek, March 1 5, 1 948; "Perspective: Toward a Civil
Rights Solution," by Raymond Moley, NeU'su'eek, November
.., 1 948
( 3 ) For additional information on President Kennedy's 1 963 Civil
Rights proposals, see this RelJort, "Civil Rights Act of 1 963, "
July , 1 963.
( 4 ) The Budgel ill Brief /0" 1 964 Fiscal Year, Bureau of the
Budget, January 1 7, 1963, pp. 1 7-20
( 5 ) The Book of Ihe SateJ, 1 960- 1 961 , Voltlme XllI, The Coun.
ci i of State Governments, 1 960, p. 458
( 6 ) " FEPC Orders Rai l Worker's Reinstatement," The Los Angeles
Times, March 1 . 1961
( 7 ) AP dispatch from San Francisco, The Los Angeles Times,
August 24. 1 961
( 8) For discussion of conditions i n Washington, D.C., see this
Report, "Washington: The Model City," June 24, 1 963.
( 9) "Five Negroes Held In Soldier's Death," AP story from
Washington, The Dallas Moming News, June 20, 1 963, Sec
tion I, p. 3
( 1 0 ) UPI dispatch from Gil lett, Arkansas, The New York Times,
June 20, 1 963, p. 1 9
( 1 1 ) "Hire Negroes Only, Reported U. S. Order," The Dallas Times
Herald, July 6. 1 963, p. 1
( 1 2 ) "Official Denies SS Units Told to Hire Only Negroes," by
Carl Harris, The Dalla.r Momi}g Netls, July 7, 1 963, Section
. p. 2 1
( 1 3 ) "Washington Report," by u. s. Representative Bruce Alger
( Republican, Texas ) , June 2 2, 1 963
( 14 ) "What New Turn I n Negro Drive Means," U. s. News &
World Report, June 1 7, 1 963, pp. 40-7
( 1 5 ) "Dr. King Urges Negro ' GJ Bi l l ' : Calls for 'Preferential ' Plan
to Meet Education Needs," The New York Times, July I ,
1 963, p. 21
( 1 6) "CORE t o Intensify Mil itancy On L. t," by Ronald Mairoana,
The New YOIk TI1Jles, Jul y 2, 1963, p. 1 4
( 1 7 ) "Should All Northern Schools Be Integrated ?" Time, Septem
ber 7, 1 962 p. 33
( 1 8 ) " ' Black And White Reality' -A British Observer's View "
by Peregrine Worsthorne, U. S. Neu's & If/orld Report, July | ,
1 963, pp. 62-3
( 1 9 ) For a discussion of Haiti , see thi s Report, "The American
Tragedy, " July 8, 1 963, pp. 2 1 3-4.
-and dragging our Republic into the quicksands of socialism. What can you do about it?
debaters, students, writers? Have you read and passd on to others any of the Dan Smoot books The Invisible
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STREET ADDRESS
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M
1
IIImoot le,ort
DAN SMOOT
THE EDI FI CE OF LI BERTY
"But who shall reconstmct the fabric of demolished Government ? Who shall rear again the well-proportioned columns
ot
c011Slltutw
,
nal lzbel'ty Who shall frame together the skillful architecture which unites national sovereignty with State
nghts, md1V1dtal sewnty, and p"bhc prosperity? No, if these columns fall, they will be raised not again, Like the
Colosseum and the Parthenon, they will be destined to a mourful, a melancholy immortality, Bitterer tears, however, will
flow over them, than were e1Jer shed over the monuments of Roman or Grecian art; for they will be the l'emnants of a more
gl01'l0tts edlflce than Gl'eece or Rome ever saw, the edifice of constitutional American liberty,
Daniel Webbte 1832
lu Jaue z, l )6, a soec|a| |eatate ed|t|ou o| The Worker ( omc|a| uewsoaoet o| tbe
commau|st oatty |u tbe Uu|ted States j oteseuted a oo||cy statemeut ca|led Uu|ted Peoo|es
Act|ou Iot Peace, Democtacy aud Soc|a| Ptogtess Tbe statemeut was wt|tteu by Gas Ha||,
bead o| tbe U S. commau|st oatty.
Ha| | ota|sed botb tbe |ote|gu aud domest|c oo||c|es o| Ptes|deu: Keuuedy He a|so bad a wotd
oi ota|se |ot tbe I|seubowetKacbe| w|ug oi tbe Reoab||cau Patty, bat sa|d a|ttat|gbt |u
naeuces |u tbe Reoab||cau Patty ate t|d|ug toagbsbod ovet tbe modetat|ug |unaeuce oi sacb
a Reoab||cau as iotmet Ptes|deut I|seubowet He sa|d tbat Seuatot Tbomas Kacbel's ngbt
aga|ust tbe a|ttat|gbt desetves tbe saooott o| commau|sts, bat couc|aded tbat, deso|te tbe eotts
o| meu ||ke Kacbel, tbe a|tta cousetvat|ves bad oasbed tbe Reoao||cau Patty to tbe t|gbt. Ix
o|a|u|ug tbat, ou tbe otbet baud, most o| tbe btoad oeoo|e s movemeuts ate |u tbe otb|t oi tbe
Democtat|c Patty, Ha|| atged a|| |e|tw|ug |otces |u tbe Uu|ted States to au||y aud cootd|uate
tbe|t act|v|t|es towatd tbe goa| o| e|ect|ug Keauedy Democtats aud deieat|ug Reoab||caus |u
1 964 aud iot tbe task o| exett|ug cout|uaoas leitw|ug otessates ou Keuuedy aud Cougtess, to
oset cousetvat|ve otessates Ha|| ota|sed tbe ADA ( Amet|caus Iot Democtat|c Act|ouj iot |ts tole
+s cootd|uatot o| |eitw|ug gtoaos, bat sa|d tbe ADA cau uo louget oet|otm tbat setv|ce eect|ve|y,
becaase tbe ADA .s so c|ose|y |deut|ned w|tb tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou.
THE DAN SMOOT REPORT, a magazine published every week by The Dan Smoot Report, In
" mailing
address P. 0, Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas, Texas 75214; Telephone TAylor 1 -2303 ( ofice address
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Page 225
Beujam|u Dav|s ( uegto, secoud b|gbest oc|al
of tbe commaus|t patty |u tbe Uu|ted States j |s
saed a sapplemeut to Gas Hall s pol|cy state
meut. ( 1) Dav|s oatl|ued tbe commau|st patty s cat
teut c|v|l t|gbts ptogtam, wb|cb |s bas|cally tbe
same as Ptes|deut Keuuedy s ptoposed C|v|l R|gbts
Act of l )6, except fot oue ptoposal . tbe comma
u|sts waut tbe fedetal govetumeut to declate state
govetumeuts |u tbe Soatb |llegal, aud tbeu to
bold ftee elect|ous . . . gaatauteed by tbe
fedetal powet.
Oue fasc|uat|ug aspect of Gas Hall s pol|t|cal
pol|cy statemeut was a b|ttet attack ou New Yotk
Govetuot Nelsou Rockefellet. Hall cast|gated
Rockefellet fot b|s close cbamm|uess w|tb Seu
atot Batty Goldwatet, aud fot b|s all|auce w|tb
fauat|cal alttat|gbt fotces |u tbe Repabl|cau
Patty. Rockefellets teact|ou to tb|s commau|st
ct|t|c|sm |s also fasc|uat|ug Ou Jaly l 4, l )6,
Rockefellet deuoauced Batty Goldwatet aud tbe
alttat|gbt fotces |u tbe Repabl|cau Patty, say
|ug tbat tbese fotces ate ta|u|ug tbe Patty.
be commau|st ptogtam of sappott|ug Keu
uedy aud oppos|ug Repabl|caus , of cootd|uat|ug
leftw|ug fotces fot attack ou t|gbtw|ugets aud
fot ptessates ou Wasb|ugtou ouc|a|dom, of sap
pott|ug a c|v|l t|gbts ptogtam to |uteus|fy tac|
l
teus|ous aud sptead cbaos tbese ate sttateg:c
maueavets by wb|cb commau|sts bope to acb|eve
tbe|t lougtauge obj ect|ve. desttact|ou of tbe
Amet|cau coust|tat|oual svstem Gas Hall states
J
tbe obj ect|ve |u tbese tetms .
"The doctrine of states rights . . . . is nothing
more than a smokescreen to cover up the evils
of special rights for privilege r
ups. It has b
come an instrument for nullIfymg the Consti

tution in large sections of the country, and a
sanctuary for the bigoted Dixiecrats and the
ultra-right elements.
"States rights is an instrument of the anti
labor monopolies. There are now twenty s
ates
that have passed right-to-work laws. Stat
s nghts
provides dozens of havens for tax-dodgmg mo
nopolies and fnancial manipulators . . e .
"What is needed is a new Federal charter and
a new addition to the Bill of Rights. What is
needed is a system of basic federal laws that will
unify and revitalize all of our democratic insti
tutions, laws that will apply and supersede all
state laws in these areas . . . .
Hall says tbe uew fedetal cbattet (tbat |s,
Constitution) sboald couta|u ptov|s|ous el|m|uat
|ug all state aud local aatbot|ty to leg|slate ot
opetate |u tbe felds of taxat|ou, votet teg|stta
t|ou, vot|ug ptact|ces, appott|oumeut of electotal
d|stt|cts. Tbe commau|sts waut a uat|oual cou
st|tat|ou wb|cb w|ll aatbot|ze uniform federal
ttac, matt|age, aud d|votce laws , cteate a ua
t|oual scboo| system, l|m|t tbe powet of local aud
state pol|ce to act aga|ust mob act|ou wbetbet
ou a p|cket l|ue ot a demousttat|ou.
Abol ishing States Rights
A.loug as tbe powet of tbe fedetal govetu
meut was l|m|ted to coust|tat|oual spec|ncat|ous,
aud tbat l|m|ted powet d|v|ded amoug tbtee
t|val btaucbes of govetumeut, aud as loug as
tbe pt|maty powets of govetumeut wete d|s
petsed amoug compet|ug state govetumeuts, tbete
was uo oue gteat ceutet of powet fot soc|al|st
commau|st (ot otbetj cousp|tatots to se|ze.
Heuce, abol|sb|ug tbe Amet|cau fedetal system
|u favot of a ceuttal|zed absolat|sm bas beeu au
esseut|al featate of tbe commau|st plau fot mauy
yeats To tbat eud, commau|sts bave sappotted
evety ptogtam of fedetal a|d aud |utetveut|ou
|u state aa.ts, aud all fedetal sabs|d|es aud cou
ttols |u pt|vate act|v|t|es, becaase all sacb pto
gtams (wb|le sttetcb|ug tbe Coust|tat|ou aut|l |t
bas uo meau|ugj ceuttal|ze, |u Wasb|ugtou,
powet aud tespous|b|l|ty wb|cb bave beeu takeu
away ftom state aud local govetumeuts.
Tbete |s uotb|ug uew aboat a commau|st de
maud, |u l)6, tbat tbe Amet|cau govetumeutal
sys:em be ttausfotmed |uto d|ctatotsb|p ||ke tbat
of tbe Sov|et Lu|ou Tbe s|gu|hcaut tb|ug | s
tbat Amet|cau pol|t|cal leadets wbo bave gteat
Page 226
powet aud |unaeuce |u tbe fedetal govetumeut
ate uow demaud|ug tbe same.
fompate Gas Hall s deuauc|at|ou of states
t|gbts, qaoted above, w|tb tbe follow|ug passages
ftom a statemeut by josepb S. Clatk (Democtatj ,
Uu|ted States Seuatot ftom Peuusylvau|a.
"We have inherited from our forefathers a
governmental structure which so divides power
that efective dealing with economic problems is
cumbersome. Local, state, and national govern
ments each have their responsibility in housing
and urban renewal, in the appropriate uses of
water, in transportation, labor-management re
lations, and education.
"At each level, responsibility for appropriate
action is divided between the executive and the
legislative, with the j udiciary prepared to step
in at a moment's notice to declare unconstitu
tional whatever action the other two may decide
upon. Under the circumstances, it is extraor
dinary how much we accomplish under forms
of government heavily weighted against any
kind of action
"Of course, inaction is what the Founding
Fathers intended - inaction until such time as
an overwhelming consensus was prepared for
action . . . . They were right in their day. But
they are wrong in ours . . 4 .
"State government is the weakest link II the
chain . . . .
"Whether we look at city councils, the state
legislatures, or the Congress of the United States,
we react to what we see with scarcely concealed
contempt . . . . This is where . . . political lag
keeps needed action a generation behind the
times, where the nineteenth century still reigns
supreme in committees, where ignorance is often
at a premium and wisdom at a discount . . . .
"I have no hesitation in stating my deep con
viction that the legislatures of America, local,
state, and national, are presently the greatest
menace to the successful operation of the demo
cratic process . . . . The executive should be
strengthened at the expense of the legislature. "( 3)
Seuatot Clatk d|splays a cous|detable amoaut
of tbat |guotauce wb|cb be deplotes |u tbe leg|s-
lat|ve btaucb. Iatmets ate batassed aud j a|led
fot tty|ug to fatm tbe|t owu laud as ftee meu,
bas|uessmeu ate fotced to setve as aupa|d tax
collectots fot tbe fedetal govetumeut, scbools aud
colleges ate fotced to do tbe w|ll of Wasb|ugtou
omc|aldom yet, Seuatot Clatk says be does uot
kuow of oue example of tbe beavy baud of tbe
fedetal govetumeut teacb|ug oat |uto oat pt|vate
l|ves. He couclades, tbetefote, tbat fedetal cou
ttol wb|cb baauts cousetvat|ves |s uotb|ug bat
au ball ac|uac|ou, aud tbat we ueed uot feat
execat|ve tytauuy |u tb|s coautty metely becaase
tbe leg|slatate |s mote tespous|ve to execat|ve
tecommeudat|ous.
Tboagb d|splay|ug au |guotauce typ|cal of all
total|tat|au l|betals, Seuatot Clatk does speak
w|tb mote caudot tbau most. Wbeteas otbet
total|tat|aus pteteud to be l|betals of tbe jeffetso
u|au k|ud, Seuatot Clatk adm|ts tbat b|s l|betal
|sm |s d|amett|cally opposed to tbe class|c l|bet
al|sm of Tbomas jeetsou. Seuatot Clatk says .
"Surely we have reached the point where we
can say . . . that Jeferson was wrong: that gov
ernment is not best which governs least . . . . The
fallacy in Jeferson's argument is the assumption
that the expansion of government leads to the
curtailment of individual freedoms. This is j ust
not true."
5euatot C|atk |s t|gbt |u say|ug tbat tbe Cou
st|tat|ou was des|gued to ptodace |uacc|ou |u
tbe fedetal govetumeut |uact|ou |u al| nelds
wbete tbete |s uo gtaut of powet fot fedetal
act|ou, aud |uact|ou eveu w|tb|u tbe l|m|ts o
coust|tat|oually gtauted powet, auless tbete be
teal ueed aud geuetal des|te fot act|ou. It |s
|utetest|ug to uote Tbomas jeetsous owu att|
tade aboat stteugtbeu|ug tbe fedetal govetumeut
so tbat |t cau act Iu b|s Iuaagatal Addtess,
Matcb 4, iui, Ptes|deut jeetsou sa|d.
"I know, indeed, that some honest men fear . . .
that this government is not strong enough. But
would the honest patriot, in the full tide of
successful experiment, abandon a government
which has so far kept us free and frm, on the
Page '227
theoretic and visionary fear that this govern
ment, the world's best hope, may by possibility
want energy to preserve itself? I trust not . . . .
Sometimes it is said that man cannot be trusted
with the government of himself. Can he, then,
be trusted with the government of others? . . .
Let history answer this question."
Di ctatorshi p of The El ite
5enatot C|at|s statements above ate ta|en
1
,
itom a papet |e ptepate1 iot a two1ayconvoca
t|on |n New Yot|, 1at|ng )anaaty, )6, an1et
t|eaasp|cesoit|eCentetiott|e:ta1yoiDemo
ctat.c lnst|tat|ons, an agency oi t|e Ian1 iot t|e
Repab||c :pea|ets at t|e convocat|on 1|scasse1
t|e top|c T|e L|ectotate an1 t|e L||teIs
Gove:oaeot by t|e Peop|e Poss|b|e?"( )
:enatot ). W||||am Ia|bt|g|t ( Democtat, At
|ansas, C|a|tmanoit|e :enateIote|gnRe|at|ons
Comm|ttee, was t|e pt|nc|pa| spea|et at t|e
convocat.on. Ia|bt.g|t sa. 1.
"The question before us can be answered
simply: government by the people is possible but
highly improbable . . . . The case for government
by elites is irrefutable insofar as it rests on the
need for expert and specialized knowledge."
Ia|bt|g|tma|es |tc|eat t|at |econs|1ets ||m
se|i among t|ee||te qaa||ne1 to govetn. He te
peatst|ema.nt|emeoia speec| |ema1e to t|e
Cabbet|y Conietence at :taniot1 Ln|vets|ty on
)a|y zs, l)6l, w|en |e sa|1 t|at t|e Ptes|1ent
|s |obb|e1 . . . by t|e testt|ct|ons oi powet |m
pose1on ||mby aconst|tat|ona|system 1es|gne1
iot an l st| Centaty agtat|an soc|ety. '' :|nce,
accot1|ng to Ia|bt|g|t, t|e peop|e ate |ncapab|e
oi|now|ng w|at |sgoo1 iott|em, an1 s|ncet|e
Ptes|1ent |s |obb|e1 by t|e Const|tat|on, Ia|
bt|g|tiee|s t|atwe s|oa|1 c|ange oat Const|ta
t|on so t|at t|e Ptes|1ent can 1o as |e p|eases,
espec|a||y|na||mattetste|at|ngtoiote|gnpo||cy.
1a|bt|g|t conce1es t|at Congtess | s capab|e
oi s|ap|ng po||cy |n 1omest|c mattets, bat |e
s|ates :enatot C|at|s contempt iott|eeect|ve-
ness oi Congtess 1l iote|gn aa|ts. Ia|bt|g|t
says .
"Presidential authority is incommensurate with
Pr
sidential responsibility as a result of the dif

f
sIOn of power between executive and legisla

tIve branches, and within the latter.
"The f
rei
n policy powers of Congress under

the ConstitutIOn . . . . are widely dispersed within
Congress among autonomous committees each
nder a chairm

who
.
owes little if anthing
m the way of polItIcal oblIgation to the President.
"The defects of Congress as an institution re
fect the defects of classical democratic thought
. . . . The frequency of elections and the local
orientation of party organizations . . . do not
encourage serious and sustained study of inter
nati
?
nal relations. Congressmen are acutely sus
ceptible to local and regional pressures and to
the waves of fear and emotion that sometimes
sweep over public opinion . . . . Public opinion
must be educated and led if it is to bolster a
wis

and efective forei

poicy. This i s pre
emmently a t
sk f
r PreSIdentIal leadership, be
cause the
.
Pre
.
sldentIal ofce is the only one under
our constitutional system that constitutes a forum
for moral and political leadership on a national
scale. Accordingly, I think that we must contem
plate the further enhancement of Presidential
authority in foreign afairs."
J
|e
Ptes|1ents to|e oi mota| |ea1ets||p | s

n
ot, .:.c.1enta|ly, ass|gne1 by t|e sp|t|t otptov|-

s.ons oi oat Const|tat|on ot by t|e |aws ol oat
|an1. W|en 1|1 oatnat|on, an1et Go1, becooe
1epen1ent apon |ts |ea1|ng politician iot moral
ga|1ance?
Ia|bt|g|tsays t|at t|e peop|e s|ou|1, |n sooe
anspec|ue1 way, set t|e bas|c goa|s an1 oa|e
t|e ian1amenta| mota| j a1goents t|at s|ape
t|e bie oi oat soc|ety , an1 t|e peop|e s|oa|1
e|ec. a Ptes|1ent, an1 some |eg|s|atots w|o w|||
1ow|att|ePtes|1ent1eoan1s. T|etet|epowet
an1tespons|b|||ty oit|epeop|es|oa|1en1. T|e
Ptes|1ent (w|t| t|e |e|p oi ot|et expetts, bot|
e|ecte1 an1 appo|nte1, s|oa|1 |ave an||m|te1
an1 ansapetv|se1 aat|ot|ty to 1o anyt||ng t|e
Ptes|1ent 1eeos necessaty to ac||eve t|e bas|c
Page 228
goa|s an1 |mp|ement t|e mota| j a1gments oi
t|epeop|e. At |ntetva|s, t|e peop|e ( |i 1|ssat|s
ue1 w|t| t|e Ptes|1ent t|ey |ave, coa|1 e|ect
anot|et one T|e 1es|te t|as to c|ange Ptes|
1ents, |n t|e Ia|bt|g|t system, woa|1 ptobab|y
nevet at|se, |owevet. becaase, accot1|ng to Ia|
bt|g|t, t|ePtes|1ent, w|||e |noce, woa|1 |ave
abso|ate contto| oi a|| t|e tesoatces oi soc|ety
to e1acate an1 |ea1 t|e peop|e |n 1ec|1|ng w|at
t|e|t bas|c goa|s ate, an1 |n ptov|1|ng mota|
|ea1ets||p to |e|p t|e peop|e ma|e t|e|t mota|
j a1gments
|eo|ans oibot| :enatot Ia|bt|g|tan1 :en
atot C|at| woa|1 abo||s| t|e nat|ona| Congtess
as a gena|ne |eg|s|at|ve bo1y, | ett|ng |t tema|n
asa petianctoty symbo| oi teptesentat|vegovetn
ment. :tate an1 |oca| govetnments woa|1 a|so
be abo||s|e1 as mean|ngia| po||t|cal ent|t|es.
T|ey woa|1 ex|st mete|y as symbo||c, ot a1m|n
|sttat|ve, sab-agenc|es oi t|e ptes|1ent|a| estab
| |s|ment.
T|e 1|ctatots||p oian expett e||te, w||c| :en
atots C|at| an1 Ia|bt|g|t 1es|te iot t|e Ln|te1
:tates, |s, |n essence, |1ent|ca| w|t| t|e govetn
menta| system env|s|one1 by comman|st Gas
Ha|| s p|atiotm iot a new ie1eta| c|attet
|1ent|ca|w|t| w|at |sca||e1, |nt|e:ov|et Ln|on,
a 1|ctatots||p oit|e pto|etat|at.
Amendment by Usurpation
5enatots C|at| an1 Ia|bt|g|t tecogn|ze t|e
Amet|canConst|tat|onasanobstac|etoa||powet
ia|govetnment. T|as,t|ey|mp|yt|att|epeop|e
mast c|ange t|e Const|tat|on ( ptesamab|y by
1ae const|tat|ona| ptocess , beiote a 1|ctatots||p
oi t|e e||tecan beestab||s|e1.
Ptes|1ent Kenne1y (w|oa|sowants a1|ctatot
s||p oit|e expett e||te , , be||eves, |owevet, t|at
t|e mean|ng oioat Const|tat|on canbesttetc|e1
an1tw|ste1, bygovetnmenta|oc|a|s,toaat|ot
|ze w|atevet act|on oc|a|1om p|eases.
OnAagast 28, l)6l, Ptes|1entKenne1y spo|e
at t|e W||te Hoase to sta1ents w|o wete wot|
|ng iot t|e govetnment |n Was||ngton 1at|ng
sammet vacat|on. T|e Ptes|1ent sa| 1.
"There i s some feeling, I know, by a good
many Americans, that the American Constitu
tion . . . guides our way, and that all we have to
do is follow the very clear precepts it lays down
for us.
"Well, the American Constitution is an extra-
ordinary document . . . but it has required men
to make it work . . . . After all, the Constitution
was written for an entirely diferent period in
our nation's history. It was written under entirely
diferent conditions. It was written during a
period of isolation. It was written at a time when
there were thirteen diferent units which had to
be joined together and which, of course, were
extremely desirous of limiting the central power
of government.
"That Constitution has served us extremely
well, but . . . it has to be made to work today in
an entirely diferent world from the day in which
it was written."( 5)
Robett I. Kenne1y ( Attotney Geneta| , |as
ec|oe1t|ePtes|1entsatt|ta1ename|y,t|att|e
Const|tat|on, a gteat t||ng |n |ts t|me, |snowto
be tevete1 as a te||c oit|e past, be|ng ptesent|y
aseia| on|y as an |nsp|tat|on an1 a ga|1e iot
t|e commonsense 1ec|s|ons t|atmastbema1e
concetn|ng t|e mota| |ssaes oi oat t|me.
Ina speec| at in1epen1ence Ha|| on jane : i ,
l )6, commemotat|ng t|e l t| Ann|vetsaty oi
t|eRat|ucat|onoi t|e Const|tat|on, Robett Ken
ne1y wtenc|e1 oat oi context some Was||ngton
an1jeetsonqaotestos|owt|atevent|eIoan1
|ng Iat|ets tegat1e1 t|e Const|tat|on as an |m
petiect1ocament |nten1e1 on|y as a btoa1 state
ment oi geneta| pt|nc|p|es, an1 not as a b|n1|ng
conttactoigovetnment.( 6)
|eKenne1ysatee|t|et1ece|v|ngt|emse|ves,
ot tty|ng to 1ece|ve ot|ets. Ptes|1ent Geotge
Was||ngtonwatne1 t|e nat|on t|at |t woa|1 be
ttay |ts own 1est|ny |i |t 1|1 not ab|1e by t|e
spec|uc ptecepts an1 ptov|s|ons oi t|e Const|ta
t|onaswt|tten. Was||ngtonant|c|pate1 t|atpot-
Page 229
t|ons oi tbe Const|tat|on m|g|t, |n t|me, become
ansa|tab|e ot |na1eqaate, bat coanse|e1 tbe peo
p|e nevet, iot any teason, to petm|t a|tetat|on oi
t|eConst|tat|on byte|ntetptetat|onotasatpat|on.
I i tbe Const|tat|on nee1s to be cbange1, |be
cbangemastbema1ebytbepeop|e, t|toagb 1ae
const|tat|ona|ptocess, an1notbyany govetnmen
ta| oc|a|s w|ose swotn 1aty |s to uphold tbe
Const|tat|on.
ma1|son, pt|nc|pa| aat|ot oi tbe Const|tat|on,
an1 jeetson, aatbot oi tbe Dec|atat|on oi In
1epen1ence, a|so be|1 tbatt|e Const|tat|on mast
betegat1e1 asa b|n1|ngconttactoigovetnment,
to beobe.e1 stt|ct|y |n a|| |ts patts.
Tbe agents oigovetnment (w|etbet e|ecte1 ot
appo|nte1, w|etbet bo|1|ng tbe oace oi Ptes|
1ent ot t|e j ob oi c|et|, ate b|te1 by tbe e|ec
totateto |mp|ementan1a1m|n|stettbeptov|s|ons
oi t|e Const|tat|on, not to te|ntetptet ot cbange
t|em. Iit|eConst|tat|oncanbecbange1, tbtoagb
|ntetptetat|onotasatpat|on,bytbeagentsoigov
etnment, we 1o not bave const|tat|ona| govetn
ment. We|avegovetnmentattbewb|moitbose
|npowetw||cb |s 1|ctatotsb|p.
Inapt|vate |ettet, wt|tten onAagast l , l scc,
Tbomas jeetson exp|a|ne1 t|e gen|as oi oat
ie1eta| system
"Our country is too large to have all its afairs
directed by a single government. Public servants
at such a distance, and from under the eye of
their constituents, must, from the circumstance
of distance, be unable to administer and over
look all the details necessary for the good gov
ernment of the citizens, and the same circum
stance, by rendering detection impossible to
their constituents, will invite the public agents
to corruption, plunder and waste.
"And I do verily believe, that if the principle
were to prevail, of a common law being in force
in the United States (which principle possesses
the General Government at once of all the
powers of the State governments, and reduces
us to a single consolidated government), it would
become the most corrupt government on the
earth . . . . What an augmentation of the feld
for j obbing, speculating, plundering, ofce-build-
ing and ofce-hunting would be produced by an
assumption of all the State powers into the hands
of the General Government!
"The true theory of our Constitution is surely
the wisest and best, that the States are independ
ent as to everything within themselves, and
united as to everything respecting foreign nations.
Let the General Government be reduced to
foreign concerns only, and let our afairs be dis
entangled from those of all other nations, ex
cept as to commerce which the merchants will
manage the better, and more they are left free
to manage for themselves, and our General Gov
ernment may be reduced to a very simple or
ganization, and a very inexpensive one; a few
plain duties to be performed by a few servants."
Where We Are
J|e ttae tbeoty oi oat Const|tat|on |s an
etetna| ttatb, as app||cab|e to1ay as |t was |n tbe
l stb Centaty. Tbe cottapt|on, p|an1et, an1
waste w||cb oat pab||c agents bave btoagbt
aboat by centta||z|ng anconst|tat|ona| powet |n
t|eban1soi Was||ngtonoc|a|1omatetbete
sa|tswb|c|jeetsonant|c|pate1batonamote
stapen1oas sca|e t|an jeetson evet |mag|ne1.
W|oamong tbeeat|ypatt|otsotamong any
genetat|on oi Amet|cans pt|ot to tbe ptesent
could |ave|mag|ne1tbatAmet|cangovetnmenta|
onc.a|s woa|c evet p|an1et tbe peop|e iot cot
taptan1wasteia|ptogtamsoia|1|ngiote|gn1|c
tatots wbo ate enem|es oi oat nat|on?
5ometb|ng e|se tbat eat||et Amet|can patt|ots
1|1 not ia||yant|c|pate. a tteacbetoas cowat1|ce,
ot s|c|ness, so pteva|ent among tbe |nte||ectaa|
an1 po||t|ca| |ea1ets oi Amet|ca tbat tbey want
to aban1ont|e nat|ona| |n1epen1ence wb|cb oat
ioteiat|ets won w|tb b|oo1 an1 va|otoas 1evo
t|ontob|gb|cea| s.
Note tbe Ptes|1ent oi tbe Ln|te1 :tates on
In1epen1ence Day, l )6z, say|ng tbat we mast
now abancon :|e .ce+l oinational independence
iot t|e |1ea| oi |ntet1epen1ence w|tb otbet na
Page 230
t|ons. Note t|e Ptes|1ent tepeat|ng t|at |1ea |n
a speec| at Itan|iatt-aoma|n, Getoany, on
]ane z , )6, te|||ng Latopeans t|at Aoet|cans
w|||t|s| 1esttact|on oit|e|town c|t|esto 1eien1
Latope, becaase Aoet|ca cannot satv|ve w|t|oat
Iatopean|e|p.
Note Wa|t W||toan Rostow (now C|a|toan
oi|e ::ate Depattoent Po||cy P|ann|ng Boat1,
saymg
"It is, therefore, an American interest to see
an end of nationhood as it has been historically
defned. "( S)
Note Wa|tet m||||s ( |n a iotoa| sta1y w||c|
costAoet|cantaxpayets tzc,ccc an1 w||c| was
ptepate1iott|eL. :. AtosContto|an1D|satoa
oent Agency, atga|ng iot t|e necess|ty oi a
wot|1so coop|ete|ypo||ce1 byan|ntetnat|ona|
atoyt|atsac|apt|s|ngsast|eAoet|canRevo|a
t|on oi l 6 woa|1 be sapptesse1, as was t|e
Hangat|anRevo|at|on, w|t| a|| t|eg|oba| iotces
oi |aw an1 ot1et coopetat|ng. m||||s sa|1.
"One cannot resist the conclusion that there
must be a supranational autonomous police
power, with veto-free sources of revenue . . .
solely responsible to a supranational political
authority."(S)
1t oattets | |tt|e w|et|et t|e p|an was con
ce|ve1 by oat own |ea1ets iot we| ||ntent|one1,
bato|sta|en, teasons , otw|et|et sooeone |s 1e
|| betate|yoan|pa|at|ng1ec|s|onsto io||owacoo
oan|stp|an T|eiact|st|atoatnat|on|sio||ow
|nga p|anw||c||asbeen|nt|ecoooan|st b|ae
pt|nt iot wot|1 conqaest iot a|oost |a|i a cen
taty. utst, ovett|tow oi t|e Aoet|can const|ta
t|ona| systeo an1 estab||s|oent oisooe ioto oi
Aoet|can 1|ctatots|| p, t|en, sabot1|nat|onoit|e
Aoet|can 1|ctatots||p to a wot|1-w|1e 1|ctatot
s||p.
Weatevety neatto w|at Dan|e| Webstet te
iette1 to as 1eoo||t|on oit|eg|ot|oas e1|uce oi
const|tat|ona|Aoet|can| |betty.
Hope
Pextyeat,wes|a|||aveoneooteoppottan|ty
iotpeaceia|so|at|onatt|epo||s . We should vote
out of office every politician who supports ANY
major portion of the Kennedy Administration's
policies, either domestic or foreign.
Have You Seen This?
1n l )l z, Istae| Co|en, a |ea1|ng coooun|st |n
Lng|an1, oat||ne1w|at|eca||e1 ARac|a|Pto
gtao IotT|e zct| Centaty. Co|en sa|d.
WH O I S D A N S MO O T ?
1940. In 1941, he j oined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a dotorate
i nvestigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover on FBI headquar
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his present independent publishing and broadcasting business - fre
enterprise operation fnanced entirely by profts from sales: sales of The Dan Smoot Report, a weekly magazine;
that uses the American Constitution as a yardstick. The Report is available by subscription; and the broadcsts ar
available for commercial sponsorship, anywhere in the Uni.ted States.
If you think Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting soialism and communism, you cn
Page 231
"We must realize that our party's most power
ful weapon is racial tension. By propounding
into the consciousness of the dark races that for
centuries they have been oppressed by the whites,
we can mould them to the program of the Com
munist Party. In America we will aim for subtle
victory. While infaming the Negro minority
against the whites, we will endeavor to instill
in the whites a guilt complex for their exploita
tion of the Negroes. We will aid the Negroes to
rise in prominence in every walk of life, in the
professions and in the world of sports and enter
tainment. With this prestige, the Negro will be
able to intermarry with the whites and begin a
process which will deliver America to our
cause."( 9)
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "A United People's Action Program for Freedom Now ' by
Benjamin J. Davis, Tbe !Yorker, June 2 3, 1 963, pp. 3, 1 1
( 2 ) "Rockefeller Criti cizes Goldwater Strategy," AP dispatch from
Albany, N. Y., The Dallas Momill News, July 1 5, 1963, Sec
tion 1 , p. 2
( 3 ) The Elite ald the Eleclorclle, by Joseph S. Clark, ]. William
Fulbright, Pierre Mendes-France, Robert C. Weaver, and others;
The Fund for the Republic, Inc. , 1963
( 4) Excerpts from Cubberly Conference speeches in Stal/m'd TodaJ',
Stanford University, Autumn, 1 961
( 5 ) "President's Tal k t o t he Student Internes," The New York
Times, August 29, 1962, p. 1 4
( 6) Text of speech by Robert Kennedy at Independence Hal l , De
partment of Justice Press Release, June 2 1 , 1 963
( 7 ) "Kennedy Strongly Gives Case for Europe Unity," by Robert
E. Baskin, The Dcdlcls Mominl News, June 26, 1963, Section
1, p. 1
( 8 ) "Red Collapse A 'Catastrophe, ' ' '
b
y Edith Kermit Roosevelt,
ExtenSIOn of Remarks of U. S. Senator Strom Thurmond ( Demo
crat, South Carolina) , Congressional Record, June 6, 1963, pp.
A3662-3
( 9) Congressiollal Record, June 7, 1957, p. 7633
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-and dragging our Republic into the quicksands of soialism. What can you do about it?
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Page 232
NAME (Please Print)
STREET ADDRESS
CITY STATE ZIP CODE
M
1(1 Smoot leport
DAN SMOOT
CONFI SCATI NG THE LAND
,
"The establi.rhment of an American Soviet government , , , , will involve the early confiscation of the large landed estates
town and country . . . and also the whole body of forests, mineral deposits, lakes, " ivers, etc. "( 1 ) William Z. Foster,
former head of the American communist party
|en Amet|can In1epen1ence was 1eclate1, sevetal oi t|e ot|g|nal l states cla|me1 j at|s
1|ct|on ovet ansett|e1 westetn lan1s, an1 many oi t|e cla|ms ovetlappe1. T||s potent|al btee1et
oiwat an1 1|san|on was el|m|nate1 w|en t|e states ce1e1 t|e|t c|a|me1 westetn tett|tot|es to
t|e ie1etal govetnment. T|e ie1etal govetnment, |n tatn, was p|e1ge1 to ase t|e ce1e1 tett|
tot|es iot t|e goo1 oi all t|e states an1 ( |n 1ae t|me an1 an1et ptopet con1|t|ons, to a1m|t
westetn tett|tot|es as states oi t|e an|on |av|ng eqaal t|g|ts an1 pt|v|leges w|t| t|e ot|g|nal
states.
In l sl , New Yot| was t|e utst state to ce1e |ts westetn tett|tot|es. Ot|et states iollowe1,
an1 soon oat yoang ie1etal govetnment ga|ne1 t|tle to mote t|an z6 m|ll|on actes, w||c|
wete place1 w|t||n |ts pabl|c 1oma|n, an atea w||c| |ncla1e1 a|most all oi t|e ansettle1
w|l1etness nott| oi t|e O||o an1 east oi t|e m|ss|ss|pp| R|vets.
In l s, t|e Cont|nental Congtess passe1 a lan1 ot1|nance ma||ng satvey an1 sale oi t|ese
pab||c |an1s to |n1|v|1aa|s a |eg|t|mate act|v|ty oi t|e ie1eta| govetnment |n ta|s|ng ian1s
iot t|e nat|onal tteasatya maj ot soatce oi |ncome iot t|e new tepabl|c.
On ja|y l , l s, t|e Cont|nental Congtess passe1 t|e Nott|west Tett|toty Ot1|nance, estab
l|s||ng ie1etal tett|tot|al govetnment ovet t|ese |an1s, pto||b|t|ng slavety, ptocla|m|ng tel|
g|oas itee1om, an1 ptov|1|ng t|at, once a g|ven tett|toty acqa|te1 a popalat|on oi 6c,ccc, | t
coal1 be otgan|ze1 asa state an1 a1m|tte1 tot|e an|on. In l scz, O||o, t|e utst pabl|c lan1
:tate, was a1m|tte1.
THE DAN SMOOT REPORT, a magazine published every week by The Dan Smot Report, Inc., mailing
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas, Texas 75214; Telephone TAylor 1-2303 ( ofice address
Page 233
A Sl ow, Subtle Reversal of Pol i cy
J|ece1|ngoi|an1sbyc|eot|g|na|scaces|nc|e
an|on, c|e loa|s|ana Patc|ase itom Napo|eon |n
l sc , an1, |n sabseqaenc yeats, patc|ase agtee
mencs an1 cteac|es w|c| Lng|an1, :pa|n, mex|co,
Texas,Rass|a,an1Hawa||,btoag|c|ncoc|epab
||c1oma|n oic|eLn|ce1:cacesa vasc emp|teoi
motec|anonean1a |a|i b||||onactesoi |an1.
Icwasnoc|ncen1e1c|acc|eLn|ce1:cacesGov
etnmenc woa|1 teca|n ownership oi c|ese |an1s
bac woa|1, tac|et, a1m|n|scet c|em anc|| c|ey
coa|1 be 1|spose1 oi co |n1|v|1aa|s an1 co c|e
new scacegovetnmencs be|ng otgan|ze1 as peop|e
acqa|te1c|e|an1an1secc|e1|c.
Ot|g|na||y, |an1 |nc|epab||c 1oma|nwas 1|s
pose1 oiby sale, co ptov|1etevenae iot c|e ie1
eta| govetnmenc. Beg.nn|ng |n c|e | sc s, |ow
evet, c|e ie1eta| govetnmencbeganco give away
c|e pab||c |an1s, co setve vat|oas econom|c an1
soc|a| patposes. :pec|a| gtancs oi |an1 itom c|e
pab||c1oma|n wete ma1e iot sc|oo|s sem|nat|es , ,
1eaimace asy|ams, c|at|cab|e |nsc|cac|ons, wagon
toa1 consctacc|on, cana| 1|gg|ng, |evee ba||1|ng,
swamp 1ta|n|ng. Becween l s can1 l sc, neat|y
) m||||on actes oi pab||c |an1s wete g|ven co
some c ta||toa1 syscems. Becween l s6z an1
l ), neat|y z4s m||||on actes oi pabl|c |an1s
wete g|ven co |n1|v|1aa|s w|o secc|e1 c|e Wesc
an1et cetms oi c|e Homescea1 Acc.
Anoc|etc|ange |nc|ea1m|n|sctac|onoipab
||c|an1sbecame appatenc |n c|e|ace l )zc s an1
eat|y l )c s. Inscea1 oi disposing oi c|e pab||c
|an1, so c|ac |c coa|1 be 1eve|ope1 by pt|vace
|n1|v|1aa|s an1et c|e po||c|ca| aac|ot|cy oi scace
an1 |oca| govetnmencs, c|e ie1eta| bateaactacy
beganholding oncoc|evasc pab||c 1oma|n, con
vetc|ng |c |nco a mammoc| |an1managemenc sys
cem, a1m.n|scete1 an1 po||ce1 itom Was||ngcon.
Gteac ctaccs oi pab||c |an1 wete w|c|1tawn
an1 1e1|cace1 as nac|ona| pat|s, nac|ona| iotescs,
nac|ona| monamencs, an1 w||1||ie sanccaat|es.
Ian1nocc|asw|c|1tawnwasteca|ne1an1etgov
etnmencownets||p,|csasesabj ecccoc|g|cie1eta|
concto|s. T|e Tay|ot Gtaz.ng Acc oi l)4, iot
examp|e ( oscens|e|y |ncen1e1 co tega|acec|e ase
oi an1eve|ope1 pab||c |an1 iot c|e gtaz|ng oi
||vescoc|, gave c|e :ectecaty oi c|e Incet|ot aa
c|ot|cy co sapetv|se v|tcaa||y a|| acc|v|cy c|toag|
oac a g|ganc|c potc|on oi c|e pab||c 1oma|n
evenaac|ot|z|ngc|e:ectecatycoacqa|teby |ease,
an1cosapetv|se,pt|vace|yowne1an1scaceowne1
gtaz|ng |an1s a1j acenc co ie1eta| gtaz|ng 1|s
ct|ccs.
1n l )46, c|e Depatcmenc oi c|e Incet.ot was
teotgan|ze1. T|e Geneta| lan1 Oce an1 c|e
new Gtaz.ng :etv|ce wete comb|ne1 |nco c|e
Bateaa oi lan1 managemenc. T||s mat|e1 c|e
beg|nn|ng oi a new po||cy. T|e ot|g|na| po||cy
was co dispose oi c|e pab||c |an1s |n an ot1et|y
and sens|b|e way, co pt|vace patc|asets an1 co
scace an1 |oca| govetnmencs iot pab||c ase. ln
c|e l )zc s, c|ebateacctacy began |o|1|ng, tac|et
c|an 1|spos|ng oi, c|e pab||c |an1s. :|nce c|e
l)4c s, c|e po||cy |as been co accumulate an1
|oat1 |an1 |n c|epab||c 1oma|n, ba||1|ng a vasc
an1 evetgtow|ng emp|te, a1m|n|scete1 bv c|e
Was||ngcon bateaactacy.
To1ay, c|e 64z emp|oyees oi c|e Bateaa oi
lan1managemenc a1m|n|scet, an1et govetnmenc
ownets||p, 4 m||| |on actes, w|||e oc|et |an
1te1s oi m||||ons oi actes ate owne1 an1 con
cto||e1by oc|et ie1eta| agenc|es. In a||, c|e ie1
eta| govetnmenc owns an1 concto|s a 1oma|n oi
a|mosc a b||||on actes. T||s |s mote c|an c|e
comb|ne1 |an1 atea oi Lng|an1, Ite|an1, :coc
|an1, Wa|es, Potcaga|, :pa|n, Itance, Be|g|am,
Ho||an1, laxemboatg, :w|czet|an1, Getmany,
Ice|an1, Denmat|, Po|an1, Aasct|a, Czec|os|ova-
||a, Hangaty, Ica|y, monaco, A|ban|a, Gteece,
Yagos|av|a, Raman|a, an1 Ba|gat|a.
Parks and Wi l d Life
Jyp|ca| |an1 gtab opetac|ons oi c|e ie1eta|
bateaactacy can be | | |asctace1 by a iew tecenc
cases.
Page 234
:PlUNGL BIRD RLIUGLDat|ng Iebta
aty, l )6z, t|e Intet|ot Depattment, t|toag| |ts
bateaa oi spott us|et|es an1 w||1||ie, by sectet
negot|at|ons w|t| an In1|ana congtess|ona| 1e|e
gat|on, attempte1 to se|ze l c,ccc actes oi ptop
ettyneatTetteHaate, In1|ana, iota ie1eta| b|t1
teiage. T||swoa|1|ave iotce1 s6iatmiam|||es
to move, an1 vacate some oi In1|anas t|c|est
iatm |an1. lan1ownets otgan|ze1 an1 tes|ste1,
atga|ng t|at t|ete was no necess|ty iot t|e tei
age, t|at |ts estab||s|ment woa|1 caase a |oss oi
l m||||on1o||atsayeat|nagt|ca|tata|pto1act|on,
toget|etw|t| a |ossois|gn|ucanttta1ean1 |oca|
tax tevenaes 1epen1ent apon t|e agt|ca|tata|
pto1act|onan1 t|at t|e w||1 b|t1s, atttacte1
to :p|ange itom ot|et ava||ab|e an1 a1eqaate
p|acesoiteiage,woa|1bea1angettoj eta|tctait
as|ng Ha|man A|t Nat|ona| Gaat1 an1 c|v|||an
a|tpotts, lc m||es itom t|e p|anne1 teiage.
Govetnment oii|c|a|s sa|1.
"We need some place for the birds to get to
gether with the people." ( 2)
PADRL I:lANDPa1te ls|an1 |s a san1y
sp|t oi |an1, l l m||es|ong, m||es w|1e, |n t|e
Ga|i oi mex|co, j ast o t|e coast oi Texas at
Cotpas C|t|st|. Pott|ons oi |t, an1et pt|vate 1e
ve|opment, |ave y|e|1e1 l z m||||on 1o||ats |n
o||an1gastax tevenae, iotTexas pab||c sc|oo|s
T|e commetc|a| m|neta| potent|a| oi t|e |s|an1
|sest|m+te1at l b||||on 1o||ats
On :eptembet :s, l )6z, Ptes|1ent Kenne1v
s|gne1 Pab||claws l z, toestab||s| an sl m||
|ong Nat|ona| Pat| on Pa1te T|e :ectetaty oi

t|e lntet|ot was aat|ot|ze1 to pay oat 5 m.|||on
1o||ats iot pt|vate |an1s t|at mast be se|ze1 iot
t|e pat|. lan1 t|at was pto1ac|ng tax tevenae
iot state an1 |oca| govetnments, w||| now con
same tax money itom t|e ie1eta| tteasatyan1
swe|| t|e 1om|n|ons oi pab||c |an1s contto||e1
an1a1m|n|stete1 byt|eie1eta|bateaactacy.
:lLLPINGBLARInl)), tes|1entsoiIee
lanau and Benzie counties, Northwest Michigan,
|eatne1, t|toag| a L :. Depattment oi t|e In
tet|otpab||cat|on, t|at c, ccc actes oit|e|t |an1
( bot1et|ngappetla|em|c||gan, |a1beenc|te1
as oi poss|b|e nat|ona| s|gn|ucance
On]anaaty 4, l )6l , U. :. Reptesentat|ve ]o|n
D
D|n
e|| ( Democtat, m|c||gan, |ntto1ace1 a

B.ll ca|| mg iot ie1eta| govetnment se|zate oi an
atea not to excee1 z6,ccc actes to cteate a
:|eep|ngBeatDanesNat|ona|Recteat|onAtea.
On ]ane z, l)6l , :enatots P||||p A. Hatt an1
Pat mcNamata ( Democtats, m|c||gan, |ntto
1ace1 a B||| ( te|ntto1ace1 |n t|e ptesent Con
gtess on Iebtaaty l4, l )6, as : )z , w||c|
woa|1 ta|e at |east ,ccc actes oi state an1
pt|vate|y owne1 |an1 iot t|e ptopose1 pat|. A
s|ott t|me aitet t|e HattmcNamata ||| was
ptopose1,:ectetatyoit|eIntet|ot,:tewattU1a||,
sa|1|ewants)z,cccactes.
A |oca| c|t|zens comm|ttee ana|yzes t|e :|eep
|ngBeat ptoposa| as io||ows .
"The Hart-McNamara bill provides that per
sons may continue to reside within the 77, 000
acre tract after it becomes a national recreation
area - if they do not violate any of the zoning
by-laws. If a zoning regulation is violated, the
Secretary of the Interior would have power to
seize the property of the ofender through con
demnation.
"While the National Park Service refers to
the proposed by-laws as 'zoning standards,' a na
tionally recognized authority on zoning refers to
them as 'deed restrictions,' pointing out that they
go far beyond accepted standards of zoning.
"The proposed restrictions would:
"( a) Allow present businesses to continue only
by permit.
"(b) Forbid many homeowners to move, re
pair, alter, and in some cases even change the
c
?
lor of, any buildings, without federal permis
SIOn. They also could not remove trees, topsoil,
sand or gravel, or take off stones more than 1 8
i
?
ches in diameter without frst securing a 'cer
tificate of appropriateness' from the National
Park Service.
"(c) Prohibit farmers from clearing any more
land wi
h
.
out f
deral approval and keep them

from raIsmg pIgS, cattle or chickens.
Page 235
"Who would approve zoning restrictions?
The Secretary of the Interior.
"Who would decide if a restriction had been
violated? The Secretary of the Interior.
"Who would therefore decide that the ofend
er's property could be condemned for public use?
The Secretary of the Interior.
"Who would set the fair market value of this
property to be seized? The Secretary of the
Interior.
"Isn't this too much power for any federally.
appointed ofcial?"
T|ete ate a|tea1y |n m|c||gan nve nat|ona|
lotests conta|n|ng ovet :, 4, cccactesan atea
|atget t|an Ye||owstone Nat|ona| Pat|. mote
t|an |a|l ol t|e tota| |an1 atea |n m|c||gans
6nott|etncoant|es|s|nstatean1le1eta|ownet
s||p. m|c||gan boasts enoag| state an1 le1eta|
lotests ( 6, c,464 actes , lot evety lam||y |n t|e
Ln|te1 ::ates to camp w|t||n t|e|t ||m|ts at one
t|oe. T|ete ate 4 |a|es covet|ng 46, z4l actes
w|t| csm||es ol pab||c|yowne1 s|ote||new|t|
|n t||s atea. T|ete ate 6 state pat|s, z state
lotests, 6l stategaoeateas an1spab||cus||ng
s|tes.
N|netypetcentolt|e|oca|c|t|zensateoppose1
to t|e :|eep|ng Beat sc|eoe. Il t|e pat| |s cte
ate1, mote t|an petcent ol |oca| sc|oo| tax
tevenaes w||| be |ost , bat t|at |s, tea||y, one ol
t|e|eastobj ect|onab|easpectsolt|esc|eme. T|e
s|n|stet aspect, |mpottant to a|| Aoet.cans, |s |n
1|cate1 by comments ol Ln|te1 :ta:es :enatot
m||wat1:|opson ( Repab||can,Wyom|ng, . :en
atot :|opson ( lotmet|y, Govetnot ol Wyom|
g,
wason|an1tow|tness, a lewyeatsago, cteaoon
ol t|eGtan1 Teton Nat|ona| Pat| |nWyoo|ng.
Cooment|ng on t|e :|eep|ng Beat sc|eme, :en
atot :|mpson sa| 1.
"They built a Coney Island i the
,
world's
most beautiful country . . . . They 11 do It here.
The power.hungry bureaucrats in this depart.
ment have no great love for Mother Nature.
They want only one thing: more and more prop
erty -your property and mine - and they don't
care how they get it. "( S)
ast lot powet an1 eop|te ba||1|ng 1oes,
|n1ee1, appeat to be t|e pt.oaty mot|ve ol ba
teaactats w|ose appet|te lot |an1 |s |nsat|ab|e.
Comoent|ng on |oca| leats |n m|c||gan aboat
le1eta| contto|s ovet pt|vate |an1 |n nat|ona|
pat|s, Conta1 W|tt|, |ea1 ol t|e Nat|ona| Pat|
:etv|ces, sa|1.
"Our policy IS eventually to eliminate all
inholdings."u, )
Inholdings |s bateaactatese oean|ng |an1s pt|
vate|yowne1|ns|1ea Nat|ona| Pat|. mt. W|tt|
seems to be say|ng t|at c|t|zens nee1 not wotty
aboatle1eta|contto|sovetpt|vateptopettyw|t|
|n nat|ona| pat|s, becaase t|e pt|vate ptopetty
w||| soon begone. He pat |t mote b|ant|y |nan
att|c|e|nThe National Geographic, say|ng.
"Another thing I'd like to see accomplished is
the elimination of private ownership inside park
boundaries."( )
J|e Nat|ona| W||1etness Ptesetvat|on :ys
teo Act ( t|e W|| 1etness B|||, apptove1 by t|e
:enate on Apt|| ), l )6, '' bat st||| pen1|ng |n
t|e Hoase, woa|1 oagn|ly an1 acce|etate t|e
govetnment s|an1gtabb|ng act|v|t|es. T|e pen1
|ngW||1etness B||| ( :4) woa|1p|ace 6 .4 m||
| |onactes ol|an1 |na W||1etness :ysteo, an1et
t|g|tcontto|olptes|1ent|a|appo|nteesw|ocoa|1
petm|totpto||b|tcomoetc|a|act|v|ty,w|ocoa|1
pto||b|t pt|vate cap|ta| ltoo 1eve|op|ng |y1to
e|ectt|c powet lac|||t|es, bat peto|t govetnoent-
owne1 powet lac|||t|es , w|ocoa| 1peto|totpto
||b|t ||vestoc| gtaz|ng, toa1 ba||1|ng, m|n|ng,
an1 ptospec:|ng-a|| |n accot1ance w|t| t|e
w|s|es ol t|e Ptes|1ent.
Mi l itary Land Grabs
an1gtabb|ng by t|em|||taty setv|ces |as a|
so become a set|oas t|teat to t|e topett tights
ol c|t|zens. Anatt|c|e |n t|eja|y, i)s, Reader's
Page 236
Digest ptesente1 a saooaty oi tbe s|taat|on at
tbat t|oean1 tbe s|taat|on bas gtown wotse
since
-In l)s, tbeo|||tatysetv|cesa|teacypossesse1
z) o||||on actes oi |anc, an1 wete 1eoan1|ng 6
o||||on actes ootea|tboagb at tbe t|oe tbe , ,
setv|ces wete bo|1|ng 6, cc, ccc actes wb|cb tbey
a1o|ttec tbey no |onget nee1e1, an1 tbey wete
spen1|ng z l o||| |on 1o||ats a yeat to oa|nta|n
|nsta||at|ons wb|cb wete no |onget |n ase, ot
nee1ec, bat wb|cb covete1 a o||||on actes oi
|an1. A|t Iotce oc|a|s, a1o|tt|ng tbat 4c pet
cent oi tbe|t boob|ng an1 gannety tanges wete
|n excess oi cattent an1 |ong-tange teqa|te
oents, wetest|| | c|aoot|ng iot oote |an1.
At one t|oe, tbe Navy as|e1 peto|ss|on to
sbate an A|t Iotce boob|ng tange ( l o||es
|ong an1 c o||es w|ce, neat las Vegas, Neva
1a. Tbe A|t Iotce c|a|oe1 tbe tange was not
b|genoagb iotbotb Navyanc A|t Iotce. Acon-
gtess|ona| cooo|ttee as|e1 iot ptooi tbat tbe
A|t Iotce nee1e1 tbe boob|ng tange a|| by |t
se|i. Aitet |nvest|gat|on, A|t Iotce oc|a|s con-
c|acec tbat tbey coa|1 |et tbe Navy bave two
tb|t1soitbelasVegas boob|ng tange. BatNavy
oc|a|s1ec||nec,becaasetbeywete, b.tben,basy
tty|ngtocatveoatavasteop|te a|| tbe|t own |n
nottbetn Neva1a, wbete tbete wete o||||ons oi
1o||ats wottboiopetat|ngo|n|ng an1 tancb|ng
ptopett|es. Neva1a c|t|zensioagbttbeNavy|an1
gtab lot tbtee yeats, ana||y euect|ng a coopto
o|se. tbe Navy got on|y cc,ccc actes oi nottb
etnNevaca iota boob|ngtange|t 1|1 notnee1
In New mex|co, wbete tbe o|||taty setv|ces
a|teacy be|1 a o|ss||e tange l cc o||es |ong an1
c o||es w|ce ( o||||on actes, , tbe Atoy too|
ovet an a11|t|ona| ttact oi 4c, ccc actes, wb|cb
conta|ne1 sooe ol tbe |asbest gtaz|ng |an1 |n
tbe state. In l), tbe Atoy 1ec|1e1 tbat z l
tancb|ngptopett|es, a1j acenttotbe4c, cccactes
wb|cb tbe Atoy a|tea1y ba1, wete a|so nee1e1.
Tbe Atoy oete1 tbe tancbets wbat Atoy o
c|a|s tboagbt tbe tancbets oagbt to bave, an1
ot1ete1 tbeo to c|ose tbe|t bas|nesses, aban1on
tbe|t booes, anc get oat w|tb|n )c 1ays.
ln l)6, tbe Navy se|ze1 4 actes oi ca|t|
vate1iato|an1neatNewIbet|a, loa|s|ana, an1
|et consttact|on conttacts tota||ng neat|y c m||
||on 1o||ats to ba||c iac|| |t|es on tbeconnscate1
iato |anc iot tbe tta|n|ng oi j et p||otsa|
tboagb tbete was a|tea1y |nex|stence, j ast a iew
o||es away, an anase1 Navy a|t base. In l),
tbe Navy 1ec|ce1 tbat tbe new j et base was a|
oost ase|ess an|ess |t was sapp|eoente1 w|tb a
tatget ptact|ce atea W|tboat even consa|t|ng
loa|s|ana oac|a|s, tbe Navy oappec oat, iot a
tatget ptact|ces|te, anatea 4c o||es |ong an1 zc
o||esw|ce, a|ongtbeGa|ioimex|co. :e|zateoi
tb|s ttact oi |an1 woa|1 bave e||o|nate1 tbtee
w||1-||ie sanctaat|es, e|gbt o|| an1gas ne|1s, sev
en coooan|t|es, tbtee va|aab|e nsb|ng gtoan1s,
tboasan1s oi actes oi t|ce an1 ttapp|ng |an1s,
o||es oinewttan| b|gbwaysan1 woa|1 bave
necess|tate1 te|ocat|ng an1 te1|gg|ng tbe Intta
Coasta| Cana|. Battbese|zatenevetoccatte1. A
iew o|nates beiote tbe beg|nn|ng oi beat|ngs to
estab| .sb necessaty a|tspace testt|ct.ons, tbe Navy
annoancec tbat |t was aban1on|ng tbe j et tta|n
|ng ptogtao at New Ibet|a, loa|s|ana, becaase
tbe ptogtao was annecessaty.
Inl ) , tbeAtoy1ec|1e1tocteateabagenew
o|ss||e tta|n|ng centet aboat sc o||es soatbwest
oi O||abooa C|ty|n tbe beatt oi O||aboma's
iato be|t an1 o|| ue|cs. mote tban zc,ccc actes
oi pt|vate ptopetty wete con1eone1 an1 se|ze1,
Atoy oc|a|s assat|ng a Hoase apptopt|at|ons
sabcooo|ttee tbat tb|s oacb |an1 woa|1 ia|n||
Atoy nee1s lot tbe loteseeab|e latate. W|tb
|ntwoyeats, bowevet, tbeAtoy was 1eoan1|ng
an ac1|t|ona| zsl , cc actes oi ptlvate |an1.
Page 237
I mprovi ng Our I mage
1mp|te ba||1|ng by c|v|||an an1 m|||taty ba
teaactats |a1not||ngto1ow|t| Ptes|1ent Ken
ne1ystecent|an1gtab |nL| Paso. Between l s64
an1 l s6s, t|eR|oGtan1eR|vet eto1e1 so|| itom
t|e mex|can soat| ban| an1 iotme1 an a||av|a|
1epos|tont|eLn|te1:tatess|1e. mex|coc|a|me1
t|t|e to t|e 1epos|t ( |nown as L| C|am|za| , m
t|e l s)c s, bat t|e conttovetsy 1|e1 |n l )l l .
L|C|am|za|eventaa||ybecameapattoi1own
town L| Paso. Ptes|1ent Kenne1y teopene1 t|e
C|am|za| qaest|on, ma1eanewconttovetsyoi|t,
an1 negot|ate1 a 1ea| to g|ve mex|co 4 actes
to be ta|en away itom | Pasot|e c|ty an1
c|t|zens to be pa|1 compensat|on ( aboat zc m||
| |on 1o||ats , itom t|e Ln|te1 :tates Tteasaty
T||s |an1 gtab (w||c|, 1oabt|ess, v|o|ates t|e
Tteaty oi Annexat|on between t|e Repab||c oi
Texas an1 t|e Ln|te1 :tates , was |nten1e1 to
easetens.onsw|t|mex|co,an1|mptoveoat|mage
abtoa1.
mex|canpo||t|c|answeteqa|c|tooetasot|et
oppottan|t|esto |mptoveoat |mage Onjane l z ,
l )6 ( beiote sett|ement oi t|e C|am|za| mattet
was iotma||y annoance1, , mex|can nat|ona||sts
opene1 a 1t|ve iot tetatn to mex.co oi n|ne
Ln|te1:tates|s|an1sot|eCa||iotn|acoast . :an
ta Cata|.na, :anta Ctaz, :an m|gae|, :anta Rosa,
:an C|emente, :anta Batbata, :an N|co|as, Ana
capa,an1Iata||on. T|ese|s|an1s (someoiw||c|
ate an1et t|e j at|s1|ct|on oi t|e Navy, ate cat
tent|y va|ae1 at mote t|an c b||| |on 1o||ats.
Preserving The Wi l derness
As :enatot m||wat1 :|mpson sa|1, t|e |an1
|angetoiiecetalbateaactatscoesno:arise from
love oi mot|et Natate. T|e ptopagan1a aboat
ptesetv|ng t|e magn|ucence oi anspo||e1 natate
iot iatate genetat|ons |s appea||ng, bat ia|se
W|enanateaoi natata|beaaty| sset as|1e as a
Nat|ona|Patl an1t|enma1e access|b|etomotot
|ze1 m||||ons,w|t| |an1ywatet ioanta|ns, tea1y
ma1e camp|ng s.tes, an1 ot|et mo1etn conven
|ences |nsta||e1, t|e p|ace qa|c||y |oses mac| oi
t|ebeaaty an1 gtan1eat (an1 a||oit|esoa|te
stot|ng so||ta1e, oi t|e w| |1etnessan1 oiten
becomes, as :enatot :|mpsonsa|1,anot|et Coney
Is|an1.
Patts oi manma1e D|sney|an1 |ave mote
oit|eappeatance oi anspo||e1 beaaty t|ansome
oi t|e iamoas spots oi natata| gtan1eat w||c|
ate ttaap|e1, bailete1, sctatc|e1 an1 sttewn by
a i|oo1t|1e oi toat|sts w|o iee| no ob||gat|on to
ta|e cate oi somet||ng t|at be|ongs to nobo1y,
bat |s t|e ptopetty oi evetybo1y.
On t|eot|et |an1, |iyoa setas|1e w||1etness
ateas t|at ate access|b|e on|y to a iavote1 iew
w|o can aot1 expens|ve saiat|s |nto t|em
w|at becomes oiyoat atgament t|at yoa atepte
setv|ng t|ese beaaty spots iot t|e peop|e ?
|at will t|e govetnment 1o w|t| all t|e
|an1s |t |s acqa|t|ng by patc|ase, ptessate, an1
oatt|g|tse|zate ?T|ete|san|n|||ngoiananswet
|n a Ln|te1 Ptess Intetnat|ona| news stoty itom
Was||ngton, pab||s|e1 |nt|eja|y), l )6l , |ssae
oiThe Dallas Times Herald:
"Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall is
concerned that federal lands may be blocking
growth and industrialization of metropolitan
areas.
"He has sent Congress proposed legislation
which would, among other things, allow the In
terior Department to lay out and subdivide fed
eral lands in the path of expanding areas.
Page 238
"These lands would be made available for
direct sale or lease as individual sites or lots . . . .
"In all cases, lands to be developed would be
governed by a comprehensive land use plan to
be worked out in close cooperation with state
and local government agencies. Non-conforming
and substandard land uses would not be per
mitted. Performance bonds might be required in
some cases."
J|ete ate t|e |angaage an1 t|e t||n||ng oi
t|e zonets an1 o|annets oi ot|et oeoo|e' s ||ves.
Iit|egovetnment canacqa|te t|e |an1 an1 t|en
oetm|t |tto be 1eve|ooe1 on|yw|t||nconiotm|ty
to t|etastean1 soec|ucat|onsoit|eWas||ngton
bateaactacy, we can |ave stat|, mono||t||c ag||
ness, stan1at1|ze1 by govetnmenta| o|ann|ng on
a nat|ona| sca|e. W|at |s mote |moottant t||s
coa|1 be a s|v, bac|1oot aotoac| to mettooo||
tan govetnment |n t|e Ln|te1 :tatesa soc|al
|st o|anto 1|v|1et|enat|on |nto a scoteoimet
tooo||tan teg|ons w||c| sotaw| actoss iotgotten
state boan1aty ||nes, an1 w||c| woa|1 be gov
etne1 by aooo|nte1 exoetts answetab|e, not to
|oca| c|t|zens, bat to t|e saoteme oo||t|ca|oowet
|n Was||ngton.( 8)
What Shoul d Be Done
^bo||s||ng t|e ie1eta| |ncome tax woa|d
stoo most oi t|egovetnment's |an1gtabb|ng ac
t|v|t. es, bat t|ete |s mac| t|at Congtess coa|1
1o. s|ott o| t||s Congtess s|oa|1, ntst oi a||,
teiase to oass t|e Nat|ona| W||1etness Pteset
vat|on:ystem Act ( : 4, a|tea1y aootove1 byt|e
:enate, bat st|| | oen1|ng |n t|e Hoase) . T|e
Congtess s|oa|1 get a cateia| aa1|t oi a|| gov
etnment|an1 |o|1|ngs to 1etetm|ne w||c| |an1s
ate necessaty iot oab||case by c|v|||an an1 m|||
taty agenc|es oi t|e ie1eta| govetnment. T|e
ateaaoiLan1Managements|oa|1beabo||s|e1.
In |ts o|ace. s|oa|1 be somet||ng comoatab|e to
t|e o|1 Geneta| Lan1 Omce, w||c| was cteated
|n 1 81 2 , asabateaaoit|eTteasaty Deoattment.
lab||c|an1 t|at |s not abso|ate|ynecessaty iot
|eg|t|mateasebyie1eta|agenc|es, s|oa|dbeso| 1,
toot|vate oatc|asets an1 to|oca| an1 state gov
etnments, at oteva|||ng |an1 ot|ces. T||s woa|d
otov|1e nee1e1 tevenae iot t|e ie1eta| govetn
ment, an1 |t woa|1 oetm|t mote ot|vate ownet
s||o oi |an1, t|as contt|bat|ng to a mote stab|e
soc|ety an1 a mote v|gotoas economy.
available for commercial sponsorship, anyhere i n the Uni ted States.
If you think Dan Smot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting socialism and communism, you can
Page 239
5ome oi t|e most eect|ve wot| |n ptesetva
t|onoi||stot|cals|tesan1scenesoinatatalbeaaty
|as been accompl|s|e1 by ot|vate eott It |s
|at1ly conce|vable t|at govetnmental act|on
woal1 evet be necessaty iot sac| ptesetvat|on,
bat, |i |tevets|oa|1 be, t|etespons|b|l|tys|oal1
test w|t| state an1 local govetnments.
T|ete .s no val|1 teason w|y bateaactats |n
Was||ngton s|oal1 plan an1 conttol pat|s an1
ot|et tecteat|onal ateas iot t|epeop|e. T|ete ate
many teasons w|y ie1etal agenc|es s|oal1 not
|avesac|powett|emost|mpottantteasonbe
|ng t|at concenttat|on oi oowet |n Was||ngton
|s a oteteqa|s|te steo towat1 1esttact|on oi oat
const|tat|ona| iteeentetot|se system.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Toward Soviet America, by William Z. Foster, Elgin Publica
tions, 1961, pp. 276-8
( 2 ) "Bird Refuge Plan Praised and Assailed," article by Frank
Hughes, The Chicafo Tribune, April 18, 1962
( 3 ) "Sadler Calls Padre Plan ' Give-Away' , " dispatch from Corpus
Christi, The Fo/t J orth Star-Telefram, October 24, 1961
(4) "But the People Are Awake ' pamphlet by The Citizens' Coun
cil of the Sleeping Bear Dunes Area, January 1 5, 1962
( 5 ) "Udall Plans Land-Grab in Michigan," article by William
Schulz, HU1lt1 Ellen/s, June 1 5, 1 963, pp. 1 68-9
( 6) For a listing of Senate roll call stands on passage of the
Wilderness Bi l l , see this Report, "First Rol l Calls, 1 963," May
27, 1963.
( 7 ) "9 Isles Off US Asked By Mexicans," UPI dispatch from
Mexico City, The Austin American, June 1 3, 1963
( 8) For an explanation and history of metropolitan government,
see this Report, "Metropolitan Government-Part One," and
"Metropolitan Government-Part Two," April 1 3 and 20,
1959; reprints still available.
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Page 240
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.fi Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 3 1 (Broadcast 416) August 5, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
THE TEST BAN TREATY
"A diplomat's words must have no relation to action -othet'Wise what kind of diplomacy is it ? Words are one thing,
actions another. Good words are a mask for the concealment of bad deeds. Sincere diplomacy is no more possible than dry
water or iron wood." -Stalin, 1 91 3( 1)
"It is ridiculous not to know . . . that a treaty is the means of gaining strength." Lenin, 1 91 8(
2
)
"There is a glaring contradiction between the imperialists' policy of piling up armaments and their hypocritical talk about
peace. There is no SIch contradiction, however, between the Soviet government's preparations for defense and for revolution
ary War and a consistent peace policy . . . .
"The disarmament policy of the Soviet government must be utilized for purposes of agitation . . . . fot' recruiting sym
pathizers for the Soviet Union -the champion of peace and Socialism." -Sixth World Congress of the Communist Interna
tional, 1928 (
3
)
1n matcb, i)i, tbeTsat oi all tbeRasslas was iotce1 itoo bls tbtone an1 ta|en lnto pto
tectlvecasto1y bytevolatlonlsts an1ettbe lea1etsblp oi Ale|san1tIeo1otovlcb Ketens|l. In No
veobet, i)i, tbe Bolsbevl|s, a soall gtoap oi tatbless polltlcal gangstets, se|ze1 powet itoo
Ketens|l, oat1ete1tbe Tsat, an1 lnstltate1 lnRassla a bloo1 batb wblcb bottlue1 tbe clvlllze1
wotl1. Nl|olal Ienln an1 Ieon Ttots|l le1 tbls otgy oi baoan batcbety.
in ]ane, i )i , bavlng tettotlze1 tbe opposltlon lnto sllence, lenln an1 Ttots|l atteopte1 to
establlsb iotoal 1lplooatlc telatlons wltb tbe Lnlte1 :tates. Tbelt ove:tates wete tejecte1.
OnOctobet ., i )i), RobettIanslng, Woo1towWllsons:ectetatyoi:tate,explalne1toCon
gtesswbyltwastbepollcy oitbeWllsona1olnlsttatlonnottotecognlzetbeBolsbevl|slnRassl a.
"The purpose of the Bolsheviks is to subvert the existing principles of government and society
the world over, including those countries in which democratic institutions are already estab
lished. They have built up a political machine which, by the concentration of power in the
hands of a few and the ruthlessness of its methods, suggests the Asiatic despotism of the early
Tsars. "( )
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas, Texas 75214; Telephone TAylor 1 -2303 ( ofice address
6441 Gaston Avenue) . Subsription rates: $10.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.0 for two years. For frst
Copyright by Dan Smot, 1963. Second class mail privilege authorized at Dallas, Texas.
No rprouctions permitte.
Page 241
On Aagast lc, l )zc, Ba|nbt|1ge Colby, an
otbet:ectetaty oi:tatean1etW|lson, expla|ne1
aga|noatteasonsiotnottecogn|z|ngt|e:ov|ets .
"We cannot recognize, hold ofcial relations
with, or give friendly reception to the agents of
a government which is determined and bound to
conspire against our institutions; whose diplo
mats will be the agitators of dangerous revolt;
whose spokesmen say that they sign agreements
with no intention of keeping them . . . .
"The existing regime in Russia is based upon
the negation of every principle of honor and good
faith, and every usage and convention underly
ing the whole structure of international law;
the negation, in short, of every principle upon
which it is possible to base harmonious and trust
ful relations, whether of nations or of indi
viduals."( 5 )
On Matc| ), i))), Hetbett Hoovet' s |ast 1ay
|nomce, Hoovet' s Ln1et:ectetaty oi:tatesa| 1.
"This Government has taken the position that
it would be unwise for it to enter into relations
with the Soviet regime so long as the present
rulers of Russia persist in aims and practices in
the feld of international relations which are in
consistent with international friendship . . . .
This Government has been of the opinion . . .
that any real or lasting benefit to the people of
the United States would not be attained by the
establishment of relations with Russia until the
present rulers of that country have given evi
dence that they are prepared to carry out in
good faith . . . [their] international obliga
tions."( 6)
T|e next 1ayMatc| 4, l ) Itan|l|n D.
Roosevelt was |naagatate1 Ptes|1ent
On:epteobet : i , i))), :ectetaty oi:tateCot-
1ell Ha|l, |n a oeootan1aoto Ptes|1entRoose
ve|t,sa| 1.
"As you know, recogmtIon of the present
regIme II Russia has been withheld by the
Government of the United States, on account
of the failure of the Soviet government to carry
out certain international obligations which are
considered essential to the maintenance of friend
ly and mutually advantageous relations between
the United States and Russia. The Soviet gov
ernment, for instance, has repudiated Russian
obligations held by the United States Govern
ment and by American citizens, and has con-
fscated the property of American citizens Il
vested in Russia . . . e
"I am convinced, from the experience of other
countries, that, unless we utilize every available
means of exerting pressure on the Soviet govern
ment in order to obtain a settlement of outstand
ing problems, there is little likelihood that such
problems can be satisfactorily solved. "( 6)
Roosevel t-Truman-Eisenhower
Negotiations
Kej ect|ng t|e lessons oi ||stoty an1 t|e a1
v|ce oi ||s own :tate Depattoent, Ptes|1ent
Roosevelt|nv|te1a:ov|etteptesentat|vetoWas|
|ngton. On Noveobet l 6, l ) ( aitet s|x 1ays
an1 s|xn|g|ts oisectet, antecot1e1 negot|at|ons
|nt|eW||teHoasew|t|Max|o L|tv|nov, :ov|et
Cooo|ssat iot Iote|gn Aa|ts , , Roosevelt ex
ten1e11|plooat|ctecogn|tontot|e:ov|etLn|on.
Roosevelts :tate Depattoent began tty|ng to
negot|ateoatstan1|ng 1|etences between t|e :o
v|et Ln|on an1 t|e Ln|te1 :tates Aoong t|e
1|etences wete Aoet|can cla|os total|ng 6:s
o|ll|on 1ollats aga|nst t|e:ov|etLn|on iot con
uscat|on oi Aoet|can ptopetty. In Iebtaaty,
l )4, oat :tateDepattoent oete1 to acceptt|e
eqa|valent oi )c o|ll|on 1ollats |n settleoent oi
t|e 6:s o|ll|on 1ollat :ov|et 1ebts. L|tv|nov te
j ecte1 t|e oet, angt|ly an1 w|t| exptess|ons oi
conteopt.
Dat|ng oote t|an a yeat oi negot|at|ons, L|t
v|nov oa1e only one conctete ptoposal. He sa|1
t|e :ov|et Ln|on woal1 pay l cc o|ll|on oi t|e
6:s o|ll|on 1ollat |n1ebte1ness, i] t|e Ln|te1
:tates woal1 g|ve t|e :ov|ets an ancon1|t|onal,
no|ntetest |oan oi zcc o|ll|on.
On janaaty l , l ), Cot1ell Hall wtote t|e
unal wot1s on oat |opeless eotts to settle tbe
1ebt qaest|on
"In an efort to arrive at an agreement with
the Soviet Government with respect to debts,
claims and credits for trade, negotiations were
begun more than a year ago in Moscow and con
tinued in Washington . . . e
Page 242
"The Government of the United States indi
cated its willingness to accept . . . a greatly re
duced sum, to be paid over a long period of
years . . . . To facilitate the placing of orders in
the United States by the Soviet Government on
a long-term credit basis, the Government of the
United States was prepared to make . . . loans to
a very large percentage of the credit granted . . . .
"We hoped confidently that this proposal
would prove entirely acceptable to the Soviet
Government and are deeply disappointed at its
rejection . . . . The negotiations which seemed
so promising at the start must now be regarded
as having come to an end. "( 6)
We nevet co||ecce1 a oenny. Yec, 1atlng an1
aitet Wou1 Wat II, we gave c|e :ov|ets 1|tect
a|1 toca|lng t l ,464, l c),ccc. cc.
'
Pes|1enc Rooseve|c s watc|me conietences
w|t| :ca||n ( Te|tan|nl )4, an1Ya|ta |n l )44, ,
an1 Ptesl1enc Ttamans conietence w|t| :ca||n
ac Pocs1am |n l )4, gaveiatt|et otooi t|ac |t |s
1lsasctoasiotoat|ea1etscoma|eagteemencsw|t|
comman|sts. As a tesa|c oi oat belng boan1 by
agteemencs w||c| Rooseve|c an1 Ttaman ma1e
at t|ese t|tee watt|me conietencesan1 w|c|
c|e:ov|ecsv|o|ac|ng agteemencs w|lc| |ntetiete1
w|c| t|e|t o|anst|e comman|scs, s|nce l )4,
|ave ens|ave1 aootox|mate|y scc m||||on oeoo|e
|n atooe an1 Asla.
T|ecomman|sctt|c|oinegoclaclngagteemencs
w||c| comman|sts |gnote bac w||c||an1|cao t|e
oc|et s|1e, was a otlncloa| weaoon ln c|e|t con
qaesc oi C||na 1at|ng c|e l )4 l )4) oet|o1. We
oetm|tte1 t|e comman|scs co ase c|e same ct|c|
aga|nst as |n Kotea. T|me an1 aga|n |n Kotea,
w|en Amet|can iotces coa|1 |ave 1esttoye1 c|e
comman|sts, we woa|1 scoo oat men an1 engage
|n ttace ta||sj asc as oat :tace Deoattment
|a1 iotce1 C||ang Kals|e| to 1o |n C|lna nve
yeats beiote. ac| c|me, c|e comman|sts woa|1
ase t|e ctace ca||s as a covet iot bt|nglng ao
ites| iotces an1 saoo|les iot a satotlse oen
s:ve.
In l ) , w|en wenegot|ate1 t|e una| Kotean
atm|sc|ce, we |new t|e commanlsts |a1 no |n
centlonoi|eeolngc|e|to|e1ges, becaasec|ey|a1
a|tea1ybto|enc|e|totomlsecotecatna|| Ametl
canotsonets.
1n l ) , w|en Ptes|1ent lsen|owetwaso|an
n.ng a samm|t meet|ng w|t| commanlst |ea1ets
at Geneva, c|e :enate Incetna| :ecatlty :aocom
m|tteete|ease1toc|eotessascasca1yw||c|te
vea|e1 t|at cteaty btea||ng |s an |nsctament oi
:ov|ecnac|ona|oo||cy.
"The staf studied nearly a thousand treaties
and agreements . . . both bilateral and multi
lateral, which the Soviets have entered into not
only with the United States, but with countries
all over the world. The staff found that in the
38 short years since the Soviet Union came into
existence, its Government had broken its word
to virtually every country to which it ever gave
a signed promise. It signed treaties of nonaggres
sion with neighboring states and then absorbed
those states. It signed promises to refrain from
revolutionary activity inside the countries with
which" it sought 'friendship,' and then cynically
broke those promises. It was violating the frst
agreement it ever signed with the United States
at the very moment the Soviet envoy, Litvinov,
was putting his signature to that agreement, and
it is still violating the same agreement in 1 955
e . . . It keeps no international promises at all
unless doing so is clearly advantageous to the
Soviet Union. "( S)
ln Octobet l , l )s, teotesentat|ves oi c|e
Ln|ce1 :cacesan1 c|e :ov|ec Ln|onmec iot tesc
ban ta||s, an1 agtee1 to sasoen1 a|| test|ng oi
nac|eat weaoons, w|c|oac lnsoecc|ons, w|||e t|e
ca||s cont|nae1 |sen|owet ot1ete1 a |a|c co
Ln|te1 :caces cesc|ng, acceoclng K|tas|c|ev's an
saoootte1 otom|se t|at |e woa|1 1o | ||ew|se.
Wee|aicetwee|,mont|aicetmonc|,yeataitet
yeat, c|e cest ban ta||s conc|nae1, ita|t|ess|y.
T|e:ov|ecs,basyass|m||ac|nglniotmaclona|tea1y
oto1ace1 by tests, 1|1 notnee1co ma|eany na
c|eats|ots|nt|eacmoso|ete,bact|eywenttlg|c
a|ea1w|c|an1etgtoan1s|ocsan1anyoc|etcesc
|ngt|eyo|ease1, |gnot|ng t|e|t agteementto|a|t
a|| cescs iott|e1atat|on oi c|enegoc|ac|ons. :e
ctet|y. t|ey ma1e oteoatat|ons ot anot|et set|es
oi atmoso|et|c tests, to becon1acce1 w|en c|ey
wete tea1y.
Page 243
lsen|owet |epc c|e agteeoenc, |owevet, pet
olcclng no Aoetlcan cesclng ot ptepataclon iot
cescs, 1atlng c|eteoaln1et oi |ls a1olnlsctaclon.
Kenne1yconclnae1c|ebanonnacleatcesclng.
Kennedy and the Nucl ear Ban
lnAagasc30, 1 961 , c|e:ovlecs (|avlngcoo
plece1 analyses oi c|elt lacesc setles oi oaj ot ac
oosp|etlccescscon1acce1ln 1958, j asc beiotec|e
ootacotlao began, abtapcly annoance1 c|ac
c|ey woal1 tesaoe antesctlcce1 cesclng.
On Matc| 2, 1 962, Ptesl1encKenne1y sal1c|e
:ovlecs, lnc|elt nacleat cescs, weteptesslng |at1
cowat1 c|e goal oi 1eveloplng c|e oosc 1espet
acely nee1e1 weapon oi oat cloea oeans oi
1esctoylng accac|lng eneoy toc|ecs beiote c|ey
explo1e oncatgec. T|e Ptesl1enc sal1 c|e :ovlec
cescs oi 1961 teilecce1 . . . c|e ctlal oi novel
1eslgnsan1cec|nlqaes,an1sooesabscanclalgalns
ln weaponty. Menclonlng c|epowetial nacleat
accac| ai1 1eiense capablllcy w|lc| c|e :ovlecs
ate1eveloplng,c|ePtesl1encwatne1c|aciatc|et
:ovlecs cescs woal1 pac c|e itee wotl1 ln gtave
1anget. He sal1 c|ac c|e Lnlce1 :caces cannoc
oa|e slollat sctl1es wlc|oac cesclng ln c|e ac
oosp|ete as well as an1etgtoan1, an1 c|ac ln
oany ateas oinacleat weapons teseatch we |ave
teac|e1 c|e polnc w|ete oat ptogtess ls sclne1
wlc|oac expetloencs |n evety envltonoenc.
l I0)
OnMatc|1 1, 1 962, Robetc:. McNaoata, :ec
tecaty oiDeiense, sal1 c|e Lnlce1 :caces |as no
teasonable ptospecc oi 1eveloplng a saccessial
1eienseagalnscolsslles. Acc|esaoecloe,Aoetl
can omclal1oo genetally was tenecclng c|e ex
ptesse1convlcclonoic|ePtesl1encc|acc|e:ovlecs
oay be on c|e polnc oi 1eveloplng sac| a 1e
ienslveweapon.
'
1nvlewoi all c|ls, lcwasteasonableco assaoe
c|ac c|e Ptesl1enc woal1 ot1et looe1lace ptep
ataclons iot oasslve Aoetlcan cesclng oi nacleat
weapons. He1l1noc. Heo:1e:e1ane

set.es
oi
acoosp|etlccescs co be |el1 ln c|e acc bega
nlng ln lace Aptll, 1 962 bac ptoo:se1 c|ac c|e
cescswoal1nocbecon1acce1 lic|e:ovlecswoal1
slgn a nacleat cesc ban by ol1Aptll.
...
T|e:ovlecs slgne1 noagteeoencs, an1 a setles
oiAoetlcannacleatcescslnc|eacoosp|etebegan
onAptll26, 1962 c|entscsac|cescsslnce1958.
acc|ecesclngwasclol1an1|alclng,|obble1by
pollclcs an1 ptopagan1a.'
' Kenne1y petolcce1

only a iew cescs ln c|e acoosp|ete beiote agaln
saspen1lngt|eo
W|lle conclnalng c|elt cesclng an1 1eveloplng
oi nacleat weapons, c|e :ovlecs |epc ptecen1lng
c|ac c|ey teally wance1 co negoclace a cesc ban
agteeoenc. W|en c|e :ovlec poslclon woal1
|at1en, Ptesl1enc Kenne1y woal1 ot1et ptep
ataclons iot new Aoetlcan nacleat cesclng, bac
beiote any cesclng occatte1, c|e :ovlec poslclon
woal1 soicen, an1 Ptesl1enc Kenne1y woal1
saspen1 Aoetlcancesclng.
.
'' T|ls la1lctoas slca
aclonconclnae1 ancll jane, 1 963, w|enPtesl1enc
Kenne1y saspen1e1 all plans iot Aoetlcan cesc
lng, ln1ennlcely.
fn jaly 25, 1 963, W. Avetell Hattloan
slgne1,lnMoscow,anacleatcescbanctea:yw|lc|
|e|a1nego:lace1wlc|K|tas|c|evan1wlc|Lot1
Halls|ao, :clenceMlnlscet oiGteactlcaln. T|e
cteacy
' pto|lblcs nacleat cesclng ln c|e acoos

p|ete, an1et wacet, an1 ln oacet space, bac pet
olcs an1etgtoan1 nacleat cesclng.
T|as, c|e cteaty |s aa1e co ot1et co setve c|e
lncetescs oi c|e :ovlec Lnlon Tesclng ln c|e ac
oosp|ete ls necessaty iot 1evelopoenc oi a 1e
ienslve weapon agalnsc olsslles. T|e :ovlecs 1o
noc ptesencly nee1 co con1acc any oote acoos
p|etlc cescs Havlng altea1y 1one lncalcalably
ooteacoosp|etlccesclng c|an we |ave 1one, c|e
:ovlecs now clalo co |ave a saclsiaccoty olsslle
|lllet, an1 Aoetlcan olllcaty aac|otlcles genet
ally belleve c|elt clalo. T|e Lnlce1 :caces |as
no sac| weapon an1 no |ope oi 1eveloplng one
wlc|oac a11lclonal, excenslve acoosp|etlc cesclng.
T|e :ovlecs nee1, |owevet, co conclnae an1et
gtoan1nacleatcesclngco1eveloocacclcalweapons
lnw|lc|c|eLnlce1:caces ptesencly |assapetlot
lcy.
Page 244
Kenne1y's 1|satoaoent expetts 1o not want
asto |avea 1eiense aga|nst :ov|et o|ss|les. :ac|
a weapon|n Aoet|can |an1s, t|ey cla|o, woal1
caase t|e :ov|ets to |ntens|iy t|e atos tace.
Kenne1y |as began a ptogtao to 1|sato t|e
Ln|te1 :tates oi ptovocat|ve weapons ( long
tange boobets w|t| utststt||e capab|l|ty, an1 so
on, to |eep itoo oen1|ng t|e :ov|ets an1 pto
vo||ngt|eoto iatt|et weapons 1evelopoent.
T|| spatsoatnat|on|ngtave 1anget. T|e:o
v|ets cant|teaten as w|t| o|ss|les aga|nst w||c|
we |ave no 1eiense, bat can ptotec: t|eoselves
aga|nst oat o|ss|les. W|en Kenne1y coopletes
t|e te1act|on oi oat oanne1a|tctait systeos oi
1eiense an1 oense, we w|ll be at t|e oetcy oi
t|e:ov|ets. Ist||sa 1el|betateptogtao to iotce
t|esc|eoesoiKenne1y's a1v|sets ont|enat|on?
Ii t|ey can oa|e oat nat|on |elplessten1et
as |ncapable oi oa||ng an oens|ve oove ot oi
1eien1|ngoatselveswecannolongetoa|nta|n
oat nat|onal |n1epen1ence. We w||l be iotce1
to cont|nae iote|gn a|1 |n t|e va|n an1 itant|c
|ope oi t|as bay|ng |elp itoo iote|gn powets.
We w|ll be iotce1 to accept 1|satoaoent an1
satten1et oi oatnat|onal sovete|gnty to a wotl1
aat|ot|ty. We w|ll be iotce1 to cont|nae t|e
soc|al|zat|on oi oat econooy so t|at |t can be
|ntegtate1 |nto t|e econooy oi a onewotl1 so
c|al|st systeo.
Kennedy and Cuba
lnjalyz4, i)6 ( one1ay beiotet|etestban
tteaty was s|gne1 |n Moscow, Caban teiagees
coni|toe1pets|stent tepotts t|att|e :ov|ets |ave
ta|en ovet t|eIsleoi P|nesan1 ateconvett|ng |t
|nto a saboat|ne base.( 16) T|e Isle oi P|nes |s
a 4csqaateo|le |slan1 |n t|e Cat|bbean :ea,
of t|e coast oi Caba. It was an1et Aoet|can
j at|s1|ct|on itoo t|e en1 oi t|e :pan|s|Aoet|
canWatant|l i)4,w|enItan|l|nD. Roosevelt
s|gne1 a tteaty w||c| |a1 t|eeect oi tecogn|z
|ng t|e |slan1 as Caban tett|toty.
In Caba, we see onceaga|n gt|o ptooi oi t|e
iolly oi negot|at|ng w|t| coooan|sts. We also
see gt|o ptooi oi t|e iolly oi ttast|ng t|e Ken
ne1y a1o|n|sttat|on to act |n t|e best |ntetests
oi t|e Ln|te1 :tates, ot to tell t|e people t|e
ttat| aboat w|at |sgo|ng on.
W|enKenne1ybettaye1Cabanitee1ooi|g|t
ets at t|e ay oi P|gs |n Apt|l, i)6i, |t was al
tea1y |nown t|at t|e :ov|ets wete convett|ng
Caba |nto a o|ss|le an1 saboat|ne base iot ase
aga|nst t|e Ln|te1 :tates an1 ot|et nat|ons |n
t|e Westetn Heo|sp|ete. Kenne1y, |owevet,
cla|oe1 to |now not||ng aboat t||s ant|l j ast
beiote t|e congtess|onal elect|ons oi i)6z.
On Octobet zz, i)6zpteten1|ng t|at |e
|a1 j ast leatne1 aboat :ov|et o|ss|le bases | n
CabaKenne1yot1ete1w|at|ecalle1aqaat
ant|ne oi t|e |slan1. T|e qaatant|ne cons|ste1
oia re
q
uest t|at K|tas|c|evteoove||so|ss|les
itooCaba. K|tas|c|evptoo|se1to1oso. Ken
ne1y 1|1 not peto|t t|e boat1|ng an1 seatc||ng
oi any coooan|st s||ps, ot allow any ot|et sen
s|blesteps, to1eteto|new|et|etK|tas|c|evwas
|eep|ng t|e ptoo|se. He accepte1 t|e wot1 oi
K|ta
|c|evan1oiCasttoan1oicoooan|sts||p
capta:ns t|at :ov|et o|ss|les wete be|ng ta|en
?
atoiCabaant|atnoootewetebe|ngbtoag|t
:n. Kenne1y :gnote1 |ntell|gence |niotoat|on
itoo t|e Caban an1etgtoan1 (w||c| |as been
teoat|ably eta|le1 an1 cons|stently accatate,
t|a t|e :ov:ets wete |ncteas|ng t|e sttengt| oi
t|e:t atoe1 iotces an1 oens|ve weaponty |n
Caba.
Caves along t|e Caban coast |ave been con
vette1 |nto bases iot saboat|nes w||c| can hte
toc|ets|ntoAoet|canc|t|es. :ov|eto|ss||es once
v|s|bl
to oat teconna|ssance p|otogtap|ets
itoo
t|e a:t, |ave been stote1 an1etgtoan1 |n t|e
Caban ||lls.
||le all oi t||s was go|ng on, Ptes|1ent
Kenne1
y was negot|at|ng a test ban tteaty w|t|

t|e:ov:etsan1 1ece|v|ngt|eAoet|canpeople
aboatw|atwas|appen|ng.Iotexaople. On)an
aaty z4, i)6, Ptes|1ent Kenne1y ( as|e1 at a
otess conietence w|et|et t|ete was any ttat|
to t|e tepotts oi a :ov|et o|l|taty ba|l1ap | n
Caba, sa| 1
Page 245
"No, we have been conducting continued sur
veillance . . . . there has not been a military
buildup . . . . There is no infux of military
equipment . . . . our scrutiny of Cuba is daily."
Ten 1ays latetIebtaaty , i)6 1w|n
m. matt|n, Ass|stant :ectetaty oi :tate iot Intet
Amet|can Aa|ts, sa|1 |t |s ooss|ble t|at :ov|et
m|l|tatysttengt| |nCaba|stent|mesw|at|twas
beiote t|e m|ss|le ct|s|s last Octobet.
( l8)
The Propaganda Push
J|e Kenne1y a1m|n|sttat|on |as otgan|ze1 a
otooagan1a1t|vetocteateenoag|oabl|cotessate
on t|e :enate to iotcetat|ucat|on oi t|etestban
tteaty. T|e t|eme oi t||s otooagan1a |s s|gn|i
|cant. It 1oes not cla|m t|at t|e tteaty w|ll 1o
mac| goo1, bat, tat|et, assates t|e oeoole t|at
|t w|ll 1o no |atm.
Ina j o|nttelev|s|on|ntetv|eww|t|W Avetell
Hatt|man, DeanRas|, :ectetatyoi:tate,onja|y
zs, l)6, sa|1 oit|e tteaty.
"It does not do a great deal . . . . It does not
reduce nuclear stockpiles. It does not eliminate
nuclear war or the threat of nuclear war. It does
not prevent an arms race. But, nevertheless, it
helps to impose some limitations and some ceil
ing upon the arms race . . . . And it may be the
turning point . . . in which other questions
could be taken up for further exploration.
,
,
( 19)
In oetm|tt|ng t|e ||n1 oi test|ng w||c| t|e
ov|ets nee1 to con1act, w||le oto||b|t|ng t|e
||n1 t|e Ln|te1 :tates 1esoetately nee1s, t|e
tteaty does 1o a gteat 1eal . An1 t|ete |s a
gteat 1eal mote to |t t|an t|at
:|ncet|e1aysoiIen|n,t|e:ov|ets|avenevet
cons|1ete1 t|e|t tteaty otom|ses as b|n1|ng on
t|emselves. T|ey ma|e tteat|es iot t|e oatoose
oi |obbl|ng t|e ot|et s|1e, leav|ng t|emselves
itee to 1o as t|ey olease As Len|n sa|1. It |s
t|1|caloas not to |now . . t|at a tteaty |s t|e
means oiga|n|ng sttengt|.
I t ta|esmanymont|stooteoateiotsabstant|al
nacleat test|ng |n t|e atmoso|ete W||le t|e
tteaty|s|neect, we w|ll, oicoatse, teita|nitom
ma||ng sac| oteoatat|ons W|enevett|e :ov|ets
ant|c|oate nee1 iot iatt|et atmoso|et|c test|ng,
t|eyw|llma|eoteoatat|ons W|ent|eyatetea1y,
t|eyw|lle|t|ettestooenly,|nattogant1euanceoi
t|etteaty, ott|eyw|lloetiotmt|e|ttests|ncom
man|stC||naan11|scla|mtesoons|b|||tyiott|em.
Mete,wemayseeateasoniott|ew|1elyoab
l|c|ze1 t|it beceen comman|st C||na an1 t|e
:ov|et Ln|on. K|tas|c|ev an1 mao TseTang
|ave ma1e a ttemen1oas eott to conv|nce t|e
West t|at t|e comman|st emo|te |s btea||ng ao,
becaase K|tas|c|ev |s m|l1 an1 teasonable |u
||satt|ta1etowat1t|e West, w||lemao |sm|l|
tant an1 any|el1|ng All oi t||s coal1 be, an1
otobably |s, a |oax to ttao westetn l|betals |nto
ooensaooottoiK|tas|c|ev, w|o (w|ennot en
gage1 |n olay|ng t|e tole oi |eto |n t|e iatce
w||c| ieatates mao as v|||a|n, oas|es iotwat1
te|entlessly w|t| ||s otogtam to baty t|e West
T|e iatce |as altea1y caase1 gall|ble westetn
l|betals to iee| t|at we can ttast K|tas|c|ev anc
t|atweoag|tto oleasean1 aooease||m,to|eeo
||monoats|cean1, t|as, w|1ent|esol|tbetween
t|e :ov|et Ln|on an1 comman|st C||na Note,
iot examole, W Avete|l Hatt|man teoeat|ng
K|tas|c|ev' s assatance t|at comman|st C||n+
|s not l||ely to 1o any nacleat test|ng becaase
s|e 1oesnot|avet|ecaoab|||tyan1 |sgett|ngno
|eloitomt|e:ov|ets Hatt|manteootte1t|ese
K|tas|c|ev temat|sas|it|ey|a1come itoman
|onotable man w|om t|e West can bel|eve an1
ttast.
Storm The Senate
To Rei ect The Treaty
5ectetatyRas|wasaccatate|nsay|ngt|att|e
testban tteaty maybet|etatn|ng oo|nt, ooen
|ng t|e way iot iatt|et negot|at|ons an1 agtee
ments T||s |s t|e ma|n teason w|y t|e :enate
s|oal1 not tat|iy t|e tteaty.
Ii t|e tteaty |s tat|ue1, t|ete w|ll be no con
seqaences oetceot|ble to t|e oabl|c. at t|ete
w||l be a v|olent tas| oi otooagan1a aboat t|e
btea| |n t|e col1 wat, an1 t|e w|s1om an1
|ooeialness oi iatt|et agteements to el|m|nate
Page 246
c|e1angetan1ctas||ngbat1enoic|eatoaoencs
tace. :ceo oy sceo, coooan|sc ovetlot1s w|l| ne
goc|ace as |nco a scace oi cocal |elolessness, an1
c|en iotce as |nco cocal satten1et.
Ii c|eotogtaoweteacceooce1 al| aconce, c|e
oeoole oi Aoet|ca o|g|c oetce|ve an1 woal1
tebel. ac |i c|e otogtao |s oegan c|toag| c|e
|nnocaoas|oo||ng cesc ban cteacy, an1 conc|nae1
bysceosw||c|seeol||enoc||ngootec|aneotcs
ac |ncetnac|onal an1etscan1|ng, we w|ll |ave
oasse1c|eoo|ncoinotecatnbeiotec|eAoet|can
oaol|c teal|zes |c.
J|ec|oecoacc|snow vetyAoet|cans|oal1
w|te ||s Ln|ce1 :caces :enacots an1 atge ||s
it|en1s co1oc|esaoe T|eoaol|cs|oal1 scoto
c|e :enace w|c| 1eoan1s c|ac |c tejecc c|e cesc
ban cteacy.
:enace teiasal co tac|iy c|e cteacy woal1 save
asitooc||soatc|calatctao, an1woa|1beascan
n|ng teoa1|ac|on oi w|ac :enacot :ctoo T|at
oon1 calls c|e Kenne1y a1o|n|sctac|on s nowm
oollcy.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) " Elections in Petersburg," ( January 1 2, 191 3 ) Sochineniya,
Gospolitizdat, Moscow, 1 946, Vol. II, p. 277
( 2 ) "Reply on Debate on War and Peace," ( 191 8 ) , Selected Works,
International Publishers, New York, 1943, Vol. VII, p. 309
( 3 ) "Theses Resolutions of the VIth World Congress of the Com
munist International , " Inte1'11atiolal P" ess Correspondence, Vol.
8, No. 84, November 28, 1 928, pp. 1 590, 1 596-7
( 4) "Letter From The Secretary Of State Transmitting To The Sen
ate Committee On Foreign Relations, A Memorandum On Cer
tain Aspects Of The Bolshevist Movement In Russia," ( October
27, 1 91 9) Bolshevist Movement in Russia, Senate Documents,
Vol. 4, Doc. No. 1 72, 66th Congress, 2nd Session, Government
Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 1920, p. 3
( 5 ) "The Secretary of State to the Italian Ambassador ( Avezzana) "
August 1 0, 1 920, Pape1'S Relatinf To The Foreifn Relations 0/
The United States, 1920, Vol. 3, Department of State, Govern
ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 1936, pp. 468, 466
( 6 ) Foreif1 Relatio11S of the United States: Diplomatic Papers: The
Soviet Union, United States Government Printing Office, Wash
mgton, D. C, 1 952, pp. 4, 1 2 - 1 3, 172- 3
( 7 ) U. S. Foreign Aid: Its Purposes, Scope, Administration, and
Related In/ormation, legislative Reference Service of the library
of Congress, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C,
June 1 1 , 1959
( 8 ) " Foreword," by U. S. Senator James O. Eastland ( Democrat,
Mississi ppi ) , to Soviet Political Afreements and Resllts, A Staff
Study, Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary
Committee, Washington, D. C, May 2 1 , 1 956, p. VIII
( 9) Special to the Times, The New York Times, October 3 1 1958
p. 1; and Special to the Times from Geneva, by Drew Middle:
ton, The New Yo,k Times, November I, 1958, pp. 1, 3
( 1 0 ) The Test Ban: An American Strategy of Gradual Self-Mltila
tion, by Stefan T. Possony, Conf(ressional Rum'd, March 2 1 ,
1 963, pp. 4358-70
( 1 1 )
( 1 2 )
Article by Fred Farris, New York Herald Tribune News Service,
The Sai Francisco Examiner, March 1 2, 1 962
Second Annlal Report to Confress, January 1, I962-December
3 1 , 1 962, U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Pubhca-
tion No. 1 4, February, 1 963
( 1 3 ) For a detailed description of this tragic game, see thi s Report,
"Disarmament-Part I," "Disarmament-Part II, " and "Dis
armament-Part III," May 6, 1 3 and 20, 1963; reprints avail
able.
( 14 ) FULL TEXT OF TEST BAN TREATY: "The governments
of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, hereinafter referred to as the 'original parties,'
"Proclaiming as their principal aim the speediest possible achieve
ment of an agreement on general and complete disarmament under
strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the
United Nations which would put an end to the armaments race
and eliminate the incentive to the production and testing of all kinds
of weapons, including nuclear weapons,
"Seeking to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of
nuclear weapons for all time, determined to continue negotiations to
this end, and desiring to put an end to the contamination of man' s
environment by radioactive substances,
"Have agreed as follows:
"Article I
1 . Each of the parties to this treaty undertakes to prohibit, to
prevent and not to carry out any nuclear weapon test
.
expl
,
sion, or
any other nuclear explosion at any place under Its J UflsdlctlOn or
control :
"A. I n the atmosphere, beyond its limits, including outer space,
or under water, inel uding territorial waters or high seas; or
"B. In any other environment if such explosion causes radioactive
debris to be present outside the territorial limits of the state under
whose j urisdiction or control such explosion is conducted. It is under
stood in this connection that the provisions of this subparagraph are
without prejudice to the conclusion of a treaty resulting in the
permanent banning of all nuclear test explosions, including all such
explosions underground the conclusions of which, as the parties
have stated in the preamble to this treaty, they seek to achieve.
"2. Each of the parties to this treaty undertakes furthermore to
refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in,
the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion, or any other
nuclear explosion, anywhere which would take place in any of
the environments described, or have the effect referred to in para
graph 1 of this article.
"Article II
" 1 . Any party may propose amendments to this treaty. The text
of any proposed amendment shall be submitted to the depositary
government which shall circulate it to all parties to this treaty. There
after, if requested to do so by one-third or more of the parties,
the depositary governments shall convene a conference, to which
they shall invite all the parties, to consider such amendment.
"2. Any amendment to this treaty must be approved by a maj ority
of the votes of all the parties to this treaty, including the votes of
all the original parties. The amendment shall enter into force for all
parties upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by a maj ority
of the parties, including the instruments of ratification of all of the
original parties.
"Article III
" 1 . This treaty shall be open to all states for signature. Any state
which does not sign this treaty before its entry into force in accord
ance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.
"2. This treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory states.
Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be
deposited with the governments of the original parties-the United
States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics-which are here
by designated the depositary governments.
Page 247
"3. This treaty shall enter into force after its ratification by all
the original parties and the deposit of their instruments of ratifica
tion.
"4. For states whose instruments of ratification or accession are
deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this treaty, it shall
enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of
ratification or accession.
"5. The depositary governments shall promptly inform all signatory
and acceding states of the date of each signature. the date of deposit
of each instrument of ratification of and accession to this treaty,
the date of its entry into force and the date of receipt of any requests
for conferences or other notices.
"6. This treaty shall be registered by the depositary governments
pursuant to article 1 02 of the charter of the United Nations.
"Artide IV
"This treaty shall be of unlimited duration.
"Each party shall in exercising its national sovereignty have the
right to withdraw from the treaty if it decides that extraordinary
events, related to the subject matter of this treaty, have jeopardized
the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such
withdrawal to all other parties to the treaty three months in advance.
"Artide V
"This treaty of which the English and Russian texts are equally
authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the depositary govern
ments. Duly ceritified copies of this treaty shall be transmitted by
the depOSItary goverments to the governments of the signatory and
accedmg states.
"In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed
this treaty."
( 1 5 ) "Is U. S. Giving Up In The Arms Race ?" article, U. S. New!
& l orld Report, August 5, 1963, pp. 37-42
( 16) "Group Says Isle of Pines Under Control of Russians," article
by Robert E. Baskin, Washington, The Dallas Moming News,
July 25, 1 963, p. 1
( 1 7) For a detailed account of Kennedy's handling of the Cuban
situation, see this Report, "War And Politics," October 29,
1962; reprints still available.
( 18 ) "Cuba Buildup Danger Cited," UPI dispatch from Washington
The Dallas Times Herald, February 4, 1963, p. 1
'
( 19 ) "Pact 'Doesn't Do Much,' Says Rusk," UPI dispatch from
Washington, The Dallas Mominf News, July 29, 1963, p. 1
( 20 ) "Red Said Doubtful Of China A-Power," UPI dispatch from
Washington, The Dallas Times He" ald, July 29, 1963, p. 1
1940_ In 1941, he j oined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
programs, Smot spoke to a national audience, giving both sides of controversial issues.
enterprise opration fnanced entirely by profts from sales: sales of The Dan Smoot Report, a weekly magazine;
and sales of a weekly news-analysis broadcast, to business firms, for use on radio and television as an advertising vehicle.
that uss the American Constitution as a yardstick. The Report is available by subscription; and the broadcasts are
available for commercial sponsrship, anywhere i n the United States.
If you think Dan Smot is providing efective tols for Americans fghting socialism and communism, you can
help immensely -by helping him get more customers for his Rep01-t and broadcasts.
Subsription:
1962 Bound Volume
Paperback
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America's Promise
Film Ctalogue
Rerint List
6 months -$ 6.0
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Page 248
.
M
Ifl Smoot lepo,t
Vol. 9, No. 32 ( Broadcast 41 7) August 1 2, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
THE POWER GRI D SCHEME
"We are here to lear as much as we can, and see as milch as we can. We have so much to leam from your Soviet
specialists in this field." Remarks of Stewart L. Udall, Secretary of the Interior, upon arrival in Moscow for his 1962
tour of the Soviet Union to study communist electric power installations( ! )
J|e i )6c p|atiotm oi t|e Democtat Patty a1vocate1 t|e 1eve|opment oi emc|ent teg|ona|
g|ant powet systems itom a|| soatces. |nc|a1|ng watet, t|1a|, an1 nac|eat powet, to sapp|y |ow
cost e|ectt|c|ty to a|| teta|| e|ectt|c systems, pab||c, pt|vate, an1 coopetat|ve.
To |mp|ement t|e ptom|se oi ||s pattys p|atiotm, Ptes|1ent Kenne1y appo|nte1 :tewatt L
L1a|| as :ectetaty oi t|e lntet|ot. L1a||' s p|ans to p|ace :|e powet |n1astty an1et t|g|t con
tto|, an1 eventaa| ownets||p, oi t|e ie1eta| govetnment, |nc|a1e expans|on oi TVA iac|||t|es,
expans|on oi Rata| |ectt|ucat|on A1m|n|sttat|on act|v|t|es |n unanc|ngcoopetat|vepowetpto
1ac|ng p|ants, t|e ba||1|ng oi new ma|t|patpose 1ams|na||pattsoit|enat|on, an1a nat|on
w|1e powet gt|1, owne1 an1 contto||e1 by t|e ie1eta| govetnment.
T|e powet gt|1, w|en comp|ete1, w||| |nvo|ve |ong1|stance, ||g|vo|tage ttansm.ss.on ||nes
connect|ng a|| powetpto1ac|ng iac|||t|es |nt|econt|nenta| Ln|te1 :tates, so :|at e|ectt|c powet,
oto1ace1 |n any teg|on. can be 1e||vete1 :o an. o:|et teg|on. ovet iac|||:|es owne1 bv the fed
eta| govetnment. Pt|vate|y owne1, |ong1|stancettansm|ss|on||nes w|||beiotce1oatoibas|ness
by ie1eta| monopo|y, ot |atasse1 oat oi bas|ness by ie1eta| tega|at|ons an1 contto|s
Ptesent|y |nown p|ans iot t|e powet gt|1 1o not |nc|a1et|ew|o|e nat|on. I|tst, t|ePaclfc
Not:|wes: w|ll be l|n|e1 w|t| :oat|etn Ca||iotn|a |n a West Coast system. T||s system w|||
t|en be t|e1 |n w|t| t|ePat|etDav|sHoovet Dam system |n soat|etn Neva1a, w|t| t|e R|o
Gtan1e ptoj ect |n New Mex|co, w|t| t|e Lppet Co|ota1o R|vet :totage Ptoj ect comp|ex oi
copy for 25; 6 for $1.0; 50 for $5. 50; 1 00 for $10. 00 -each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 249
oowet daos now oe|ng consttacted |n Co|otado,
Wyoo|ng,Lta|,At|zona,an1NewMex|co,w|t|
t|e M|ssoat| R|vet as|n systeo w||c| soteads
t|toag| seveta| states |nt|e aooet o|dwest , and
w|t| t|e:oat|westetoPowetA1o|n|sttat|on sys
teo |n At|ansas, O||a|oma, an1 Texas
No one set|oas|y 1oaots t|at w|en t|e gteat
westetn |ntett|e systeos ate cooo|eted, t|e gt|d
w||| oeextended to t|e Tennessee Va||ey and to
t|e :oat|eastetn Powet Ado|n|sttat|on iac|||t|es
T|euna|stagew|||otooao|yoettanso|ss|on||nes
tann|ng ao t|e ast Coast itoo I|ot|da to t|e
nott|etn t|o oi Ma|ne w|ete Ptes|1ent Kennedy
|s otesent|y as||ng iot a l o||| |ondo||at oowet
otoj ect|nPassaoaqao11yay (aiantast|csc|eoe
to oa||1 7 o||es oi ocean daos iot deve|oo|ng
e|ectt|ca| oowet itoo ||g| t|desa sc|eoe
v||c| Itan|||n D Rooseve|t vaste1 7 m.|| |oo
1o||atson |n i ) 6, oeiote Congtess teiase1 to
aat|ot|zeooteian1s ,
|t||n t|tee mont|s aitet |naagatat|on |n
| )6| , Ptes|1ent Kenne1y aooo|nted a uveoao
tas|iotcetosta1yan1teoottont|e ieas|o|||tyoi
|nsta|||ng i ccc o||es oi ||g|vo|tage ||nes to
catty oovet itom t|e oonev|||e Dam |n Otegon
to :oat|etn Ca||iotn|a T|e tas| iotce teootte1
on Decemoet | ), i )6i , otooos|ng t|tee a|tetnate
o|ans iot t||s West Coast systeov||c| voa|1
tange |n est|oate1 cost itom l 6 m||||on to 4z
o||||on1o||ats
:e|ect|ng t|e West Coast systeo to oet|e utst
stage |n t|e nat|onv |1e oovet gt|1 systeo vas,
aoong ot|et t||ngs, an eott to ||1e t|e d|soa|
ia||ates oi onnev|||e Povet A1o|n|sttat|on
t|e gteat soc|a||ze1 oovet otoj ect oi t|e lac|i|c
Nott|west
Deso|te t|e iact t|at taxoayets |n a|| oatts oi
t|e nat|on |ave ooate1 o||| |ons oi 1o||ats |nto
t|eonnev|||esc|eoeto saos|1|zee|ectt|c oovet
atoe|ovcostiotonnev| ||ecastooets,onnev|||e
coa|1 not a1eqaate|y saoo|y t|e teg|on v|t|
oowet. lt|vate entetot|se ( t|oag| taxe1 to |e|o
saos|1|ze oooev| ||e, cae |o to saoo|y t|e
oovet1e(c|ency No,onne|||e ( 1ac|ogoea|s
oi oto1act|on, |as a sato|as oi oovet t|at |t
cannot se||, even at oe|owcost tates w||c| wete
uxe1 1at|ng t|e 1eotess|on yeats
T|e i ccco||es oi||g|vo|tage| |nes iot catty
|ngonnev|||e oowetto :oat|etn Ca| | iotn|aw|||
not on|y oe a utst steo towat1 t|e nat|onw|de
oowetgt|d,oatw|||a|soenao|eonnev|||etose||
|ts sato|as oowet |n t|e o|g Ca||iotn|a oat|et
onnev|||e a|so wants ttanso|ss|on | |nes to |n
va1et|e I1a|ooat|et
J|eKenne1ytas| iotce w||c|, on Deceooet
l ), l)6l, iotoa| |y tecoooen1ed t|e onnev|||e
toLos Ange|es ttanso|ss|on ||nes, atged soee1,
oat sa|d t|e ||nes s|oa|1 not oe oa||t ant|| Con
gtess |a1 utst enacte1 |eg|s|at|on to gaatantee
eac|teg|onot|ot|tyto|tsownoowet
T||s|san |otetest|ng 1eve|oomeot| nt|e 1t|ve
to soc|a||ze t|e oowet |n1astty |n t|e Ln|te1
:tates at|y |n t|e 1t|ve, t|e oateaactats te
qaeste1 an1 Congtess aat|ot|ze1 ( |n t|e I|ood
Contto| Actoi i )44, a oo||cy oig|v|ng oao||c|y
owne1oowetiac|||t|esan1nonotout,taxiavote1,
oovet otgan|zat|ons (RA unanced coooeta
t|ves , oteieteoceascastooetsiotoe|ovcost ie1
eta| oowet Iit|etewasnotenoag|oowet togo
atoao1, taxoay|ng consaoets coa|1 go w|t|oat
ot get t|e|t oovet somev|ete e|se. t|e nontax
oay|ng coooetat|ves and oan|c|oa||yowne1 ia
c|||t|esgotutstc|o|ceatoay|ngt|eie1eta|oowet.
Ie1eta| oovet oateaactats |ave tteate1 t||s
oteieteoce oo||cy |||e somet||og sacte1 Now,
t|ey und t|emse|ves ttaooe1 by |t Ii t|ey oa||1
ttaosm|ss|on ||oes itoo onnev|||e to ot|et te
g|oos oteietencecastooets |nt|oseot|etteg|ons
(esoec|a||y, o|g coooetat|ves an1 oao||c|yovoe1
at|||t|es |o Ca||ioto|a , cao ta|e aost oi oooe
v|||e soe|ovcost oovet T||sv|||cteatea otoo
|eo iot oo||t|c|ans |o t|e Pac|i|c Nott|vest w|o
|ave|eot t|eose|ves |n omce oy saooott|ng tax
saos|1|ze1 oovet iotvotets|nt|at teg|on
:o,t|enat|oov| 1eoovetgt|1sc|eoe|ssta||e1
ant|| oo||t|c|ans oi t|e Pac|uc Nott|west ate ao
oeased oy |eg|s|at|oo to gaatantee t|at a|| asets
|nt|e|tteg|on oetteate1asoteietence castooets
iot t|e soc|al|ze1 oovet oeiote any oi |t cao oe
so|1 e|sev|ete :ac| |eg|s|at|on was |ntto1ace1
Page 250
|o Coogtess |o l)(zaodoassedbyc|e :eoace, bac
d|ed |o c|e |oase.
Oo Aot|l z), l)6), ||e :eoace aga|o oassed
sac| leg|slac|oo ( : lcc ,, bacc|e Hoase|asooc
yecaccedooc|eB|ll. Loc|l aodaolessc|e Hoase
accsiavotably,c|eoac|oow|deoowetgt|dsc|eme
aooeatsco bescalemaced.
Bureaucratic Rival ry
K|valtybecweeoiedetalageoc|es | soec|fcally,
becweeo c|e Iedetal Powet Comm|ss|oo aod c|e
Deoatcmeoc oi c|e Iocet|ot , |as also caased a
scalemace |o c|e powet gt|d syscem
Io l)6z, c|e Iedetal Powet Comm|ss|oo ao
otoved c|e o|aos oi sevetal ot|vace oowet com
oao|es co coosctacc a b|g |ocetteg.ooal oowet
ctaosm|ss|oo comolex w||c| woald l|o| c|e ot|
vaceoowet iac|l|c|esoi Ida|o, Otegoo, Was||og
coo, aod Cal|ioto|a T|e Deoatcmeoc oi c|e Io
cet|ot, waoc|og co |oscall |cs owo oowet gt|d oo
c|e Wesc Coasc, bloc|ed c|e IPCaootoved ot|
vace p|ao Oo Decembet z), l)6z, c|e Deoatc
meoc oic|e Iocet|ot aod c|e Deoatcmeoc oi Ag
t|calcateoabl|s|ed,|oc|eFederal Register, aoew
tegalac|oo oto||b|c|og ot|vace oowet l|oes itom
ctoss|og iedetal laods aoless aootoved by c|e
:ectecaty oi c|e Iocet|ot.
:|oce iedetal ageoc|es owo aboac |ali oi all
laod |o c|e wesceto scaces, c||s oew tegalac|oo
(w||c| weoc |oco eecc Matc| z4, l)6 , meaos
c|ac c|e :ectecaty oi c|e Iocet|ot |as assamec
aac|ot|cy co oto|.b.c exoaos|oo oi ot|vace oowet
iac|l|c|es |o c|e Wesc, aod, c|as. co gaataocee a
soc|al|sc|c moooooly by govetomeoca| ageoc|es.
foocemootaty sqaabbles amoog bateaactats
teveal maoy c||ogs. T|ey s|ow |ow c|e oabl|c
laods ool|c|esoic|eiedetal govetomeocate ased
co cooceoctace cytaoo|cal cooctol |o c|e |aods oi
Was||ogcoo oac|aldom, aod c|ey teveal c|e
cyo|cal d|s|ooescy oi otooagaoda iot soc|al|zed
oowet |oc|eLo|ced :caces.
A ceoctal c|eme oi c|e otooagaoda |s c|ac c|e
govetomeoc masc ba|ld b|g elecct|c.cy olaocs iot
c|eoeoole,becaaseot|vace|odasctycaooocotw|ll
oocba|ldc|em. T|eiacc,oowcleatlytevealed, |s
c|ac ot|vace eocetot|se |s w|!!|og aod able co do
ao |ouo|cely beccet j ob oi elecct|c oowet otodac
c|ooaod d|s:t|bac|oo c|aoc|eiedetalgovetomeoc
cao do.
Poce some commeocs oi:eoacot BattyGold
wacet,cooceto|ogc|eH|g|Moaoca.o:|eeoDam
w||c| c|e Deoatcmeoc oi c|e Iocet|ot waocs co
ba.ldooc|e:oa|eR|vet|oIda|o.
"A Federal Power Commission Examiner last
October 8 [ 1 962 ] recommended the granting
of a license to an investor-owned utility, the
Pacifc Northwest Power Co. , for construction
of this project. The brief by the Department of
Interior takes exception to this action by the
Federal Power Commission Examiner, on the
grounds that this project should be reserved for
Federal construction . . . .
"Let me give you a few quotes from this
brief . . . :
" 'In the past the Federal Columbia River
power system has been the basic wholesaler of
power in the region . . . . Now in the present
case it is proposed that additional wholesalers
be brought into the region . . . . These whole
salers propose to sell to customers presently buy
ing Federal power. It is inconceivable that either
one of the new wholesale power agencies could
be licensed without further reducing the gross
and net revenues of
B
onneville Power Admin
istration.
" 'If
B
onneville Power Administration defcits
continue, the Federal system will fnd it increas
ingly difcult to fulfll its distinctive role of pro
viding an ample power supply at lowest cost and
with widespread availability . . . .
" ' The cardinal principle which governs the
operation of an electric power system is that all
interconnected generating plants should be op
erated as if one utility owned the entire system
. . . . If all the plants 'in the system belong to the
United States, they can be operated to meet a
common objective' . . . .
"I never thought that the Interior Department
would be so bold as to openly state what many
of us have known for a long time - that is
,
their
objective is expansion of Federal power to the
exclusion of investor-owned development. But
Page 251
here the Interior Department has come out in
the open by publicly stating what it has long in
tended, but publicly denied, and that is that the
Government and only the Government should
be permitted to expand power production in the
Pacifc Northwest . . . .
"The High Mountain Sheep development
would cost hundreds of millions of dollars. It is
a power project, pure and simple - a power
project that investor-owned electric companies
are ready to build at no cost to the Federal Gov
ernment. Construction by the investor-owned
companies would provide every advantage to the
area that Government construction would pro
vide. "( 5)
Iiba|ltby ot|vateeotetot|se, t|eH|g| Moao
ta|o :|eeo develoomeot woald oay taxes, t|as
|elo|og ot|et taxoayetscatty t|e |eavy load. Ii
ba|lt by t|e govetomeot, t|e develoomeot wlll
( l||eBoooev|lleaodallot|etgovetomeot oowet
iac|l|t|es ) coosame taxes, add|og to t|e tax bat
deo t|at|s alteady ctas||og oat ecooomy.
Pote:eoatot:ttomT|atmood scommeotsoo
a otooosed govetomeot oowet dam actoss t|e
:avaooa| R|vet at Ttottets :|oals |o Abbev|lle
Coaoty, :oat| Catol|oa.
"First, Duke Power Company [ a private enter
prise, investor-owned utility] has ofered to build
the world's largest steam generating plant in
Anderson County near the Trotters Shoals site,
but the company has indicated it would not do
so if the Federal Government builds the Trotters
Shoals hydro-electric power dam . . . . The gov
ernment dam would cost $78. 7 million to con
struct, and it would be so high that it would food
24,000 acres of land, including some of the best
industrial sites in this country. The Duke plant
would provide 25 times the electric power . . .
and at a cheaper rate than could the govern
ment dam . . . . In addition to this, the Duke
plant would pay $7.4 million annually in taxes
to the Federal Government and $6 million an
nually in State and local taxes. The government
dam, of course, would pay no taxes, only cost
tax dollars.
"Second, the Mead Pulp and Paper Corpora
tion has announced it plans to build a $40-50
million plant on the Savannah River in Abbe
ville County. However, the company has stated
that it could not erect this plant if the Trotters
Shoals government dam is approved, because the
government dam would food its site. The paper
mill would provide employment for 675 persons
with an average annual payroll of $5 million . . . .
An additional 650 persons would b given em
ployment in the woods, and an annual pulpwood
market of $9% million would be created . . . .
The tax gains for all levels of government would
be $4 million annually. Over a 50-year period,
taxes from Duke and Mead, not to mention other
potential industries, would total about $1 billion.
"Third, if the government dam is constructed,
not only would the Duke and Mead sites be de
stroyed, but other sites for industries already
making plans to build along the remaining 29
miles of free-fowing water on the Savannah
River . . . would be destroyed. This would leave
this area a virtual industrial desert . . . .
"Proponents of the government dam have not
cited any major advantages to accrue to the area
from construction of the dam ( such as food
control, increased navigation, etc. ) except for
recreation. Interior Secretary Stewart Udall has
testifed that the government dam could be used
as a great recreation area for the teeming popula
tions of the East . . . .
"We don't particularly need government-con
trolled recreation areas in South Carolina, as we
have a plentiful supply of good local recreation
areas now, but we do need more jobs for our
people, increased payrolls, more tax receipts,
better prices for our pulpwood, and cheaper
electric power for our people. "( S)
A Fal l acy
loettag|ciallacyoit|ebateaactat|cctazeiot
soectacalat ||g|-level |ydtoelectt|c dams |s
ooloted ao |o :eoatot T|atmood s temat|s . t|e
iallacy t|at damm|og ao t|vets |s t|e best way to
otodaceelectt|coowet. lo maoycases, t||s |s t|e
most exoeos|ve way to otodace electt|c oowet ,
aod |o all cases, t|e b|g ||g|level dams desttoy
uoe, |tteolaceable t|mbet ot agt|caltatal laods.
T|ey aosetoatatalwatettables, aodoiteo el|m|
oatevastoaootamasoioatatalbeaaty.
Coos|det w|at t|e Teooessee Valley Aat|ot|ty
has done.
Beiote TVA was statted, atmy eog|oeets |ad
est|mated a otobable aooaal nood damage |ot|e
Page 252
TennesseeValley oiaootoxlmacelya mlll|onan1
a |ali 1ollats. TV A clalms co |ave soenc some
szcc, ccc,cccon iloo1 conctol. T|eannaal lncet
esconc|acmac|money,evenac lowgovetnmenc
taces, coscs caxoayets aootoxlmacely s, ccc,ccc.
In oc|etwot1s, we ate oaylng oac eac| yeat, ln
lncetescalone, aboacsevenm|lllon1ollatscoote
venca m|lllon an1 a |ali 1ollats wotc| oinoo1
1amage |n c|e Tennessee Rlvet Valley.
BeioteTVA, c|eatmy eng|neets|a1 esclmace1
c|ac a noo1 w|lc| woal1 covet 666,ccc actes oi
lan1 ln c|e Tennessee Valley woal1 occat only
once ln cc yeats. T|ac, ln iacc, was consl1ete1
c|emaxlmam noo1 c|ac coal1 occat ln c|e Ten
nessee Valley. In ot1et co otocecc 666,ccc actes
itombelngnoo1e1onceevetyccyeats, c|eTen
nessee Valley Aac|otlcy |as oetmanencly sab
metge1 almosc a mllllon actes an1et TVA man
ma1e la|es ot emetgency tesetvolts. In oc|et
wot1s, evety ccyeatsc|eTennesseeRlvetmlg|c
|avenoo1e1cwoc|lt1sasmac| lan1|nc|eTen
nesseeValleyasc|eTVA|asoetmanenclynoo1e1
otsec as.1e lnlcsnoo1conctolotogtam.
An1 c|e lan1 w|lc| TVA |as c|as 1esctoye1
was a
ong c|emosc ietc|le lnc|e wotl1. Beiote

TVA,noo1slnc|eTennesseeValley 1l1amllllon
an1 a |ali 1ollats1amageannaally. To1ay, ctoo
loss alone, 1ae co TV A noo1lng oi t|c| boccom
lan1s,| swellovetsz,ccc,cccayeat.
The Begi nni ng
|scass|ng c|e otlg|n an1 oatoose oiTV A,

Lnlce1 :caces Reotesencac|ve Ben I. )ensen (Re
oabl|can, Iowa, on May 4, i)), exola|ne1 c|ac
soclallzaclon oi oowet was c|e ftsc sceo cowat1
c|e goal oi el|m|naclng c|e otoi|c-moclvace1 itee
encetot|se syscem oi otlvace caolcallsm |n c|e
Ln|ce1 :caces. :oc|al|scs tan c|elt own can1l
1ace iot Ptesl1enc ln c|e ool|clcal camoa|gn oi
l)zs, ooenly a1vocac|ng soclallze1 oowet, be
caase c|ey |new c|ac conctol oi elecct|c oowet
means alclmace conctol oi all ln1ascty. Bac c|e
eole oi c|e Ln|ce1 :caces woal1 noc voce iot
soclallsmw|en |cwas |onescly calle1by lcs tlg|c
name. T|e soc|allscs qa|c|ly leatne1 c|ac c|ey
masc l|eco c|e oeoolec|ac c|ey masc a1vocace
soclallsm an1et oc|et labels. T|ls c|ey 1l1. In
1toves, c|ey lnflctace1 c|e a1mlnlsctaclon oi
Itan|lln D. Roosevelc an1 1tenc|e1 c|e nac|on
w|c| soc|allscotooagan1a w|lc|nevet menc.one1
soc|allsm, b+c w|lc| otom|se1 A New ta Iot
T|eCommonMan,AGovetnmencWlc|AHeatc,
A New Deal To Ptomoce T|e Genetal Weliate
OiT|e Peoole.
J|eftscmajotleg|slac|vevlccoty iotsoc|allscs
an1 comman|scs was c|e Tennessee Valley Aa
c|otlcy Acc oi 1 933. TVA was noc sol1 co c|e
oeoole as a means oi oto1cc|ng elecct|clcy. Ic
was sol1 as a noo1conctol an1 t|vetnavlgac|on
otoj ecc. T|el1eawascoba|l1one1amacMascle
:|oals, Alabama, co |elo conctol noo1s |n c|e
Tennessee Rlvet Valley an1 co |motove wacet
nav|gac|on on c|e tlvet. Al| oi c|| s was co cosc
aboactl c,ccc,ccc. Assoonasc|eAac|ot|cywas
iotme1, |owevet, 1eveloo|ng elecctlc oowet be
came c|e majot obj ecclve. T|e sl c.ccc,ccc
otojecc|asgtown|ncoacwob|ll|on1ollatsolas
colossas.
To1ay,TVA|asnoconebacc|ltcymajot1ams
olas mote c|an a 1ozensteam-operated genet
ac|ngolancsan1), cccm|lesoictansm|ss|onl|nes,
1lsct|bac|ng elecct|clcy c|toag| a mat|ec|ng atea
oisc, cccsq+atemlles.
|enc|eiltscTVA1amwasballcacMascle
:|oals, c|e oabllc (an1 mosc congtessmen, as
same1 c|ac elecct|c|cy 1evelooe1 c|ete, as a by
oto1acc, woal1 be sol1 co ot|vace |n1ascty iot
1lsctlbaclon. BacTVAolannetslncen1e1TVAco
become govetnmenc baslness. T|ey ase1 c|e
yat1sc|c| atgamenc, saylng c|ac ot|vace oowet
comoanles wete gtee1y monooolles, gtln1|ng c|e
iaces oi c|e ooot an1 ovetc|atglng on elecctlc
taces ,govetnmencoag|ccosecaooneoowetbas|
nessoi|csown,co|avesomemeansoimeasatlng
c|e ctaecoscoioto1ac|ng elecctlc|cy.
T|egovetnmenc yat1sc|c| becamea clab. vet
slnce c|e ntsc|y1toelecct|c 1amwas ballc |nc|e
Tennessee Valley, c|e govetnmenc |as been sell
lng elecct|c oowet |n c|ac teg|on ac taces lowet
c|anc|eavetageoi ot|vace oowettaces anyw|ete
il c|e nac.on. T|e soclallsc olannets |ave asec
Page 253
t||s iact to otove t|at ooly t|e govetomeot cao
otov|dec|eao,abaodaotelectt|c|tyiott|eoeoole.
UatTVAaccomol|s|meotsateaboo||eeo|og,
tat|et t|ao a otodact|oo, m|tacle. A ot|vately
owoed oowet comoaoy |asto c|atgeeooag| iot
|tsoowettooay all costs oiooetat|oo, olaslocal,
state, aodiedetaltaxes,olas|otetestoo|tscao|tal
|ovestmeot, olas w|atevet |s te|ovested iot ex
oaos|ooaod|motovemeot. TVA doesoot|aveto
beatt|esebatdeos. TVAgetsw|at |t oeedsitom
taxoayetssome oi w|om ate ot|vate oowet
comoao|est|atTV A|saodetsell|og
TVA|ascteateda 6cm|leloog itee watet
way|ot|eTeooesseeValley. It|siteetos||ooets
w|oase |t, bat |tcosts taxoayetsovetss,ccc, ccc
ayeat| oma|oteoaoce Iioeoolew|os||oite|g|t
oot|egovetomeot sitee watetway .ot|eTeo
oesseeValleywetec|atged ite|g|ttatesj ast||g|
eooag| to oay iot t|e cost oi ooetat|og t|at
watetway, t|etateswoald becoos|detably ||g|et
t|ao t|ose w||c| ot|vate ta|ltoads c|atge |o t|e
same oe.g|bot|ood.
As Coogtessmao )ames B. Ltt|as oo|oted oat,
|iall ite|g|tcatt|edoot|eTeooesseeR|vets|oce
t|ebeg|oo|ogoiTVA |ad beeo s||ooed by ta|l,
aodoa|diotatoteva|l|ogta|ltoadtates, |twoald
|avecostlesst|ao 3c0 oi w|at taxoayets |ave
oa|d iot oav.gat|oo oo t|e govetomeot s itee
watetway.
T|esame, oicoatse, cao besa|d iot electt|c|ty
otodaced |o t|e Teooessee Valley. Ii asets oi
t|at oowet |ad to oav tates ||g| eooag| to meet
t|e cost oi otodact|oo aod d|stt|bat|oo, oowet
tates|ot|eTeooesseeValleywoaldbet|e||g|est
|o t|e oat|oo, iot t|e s|mole teasoo t|at goveto
meot, oot be|og coottolled by t|e steto law ol
otoft aod loss, caooot ooetate a bas|oess as ea
c.eotly as ot|vate |od|v|daals cao. T|e oecess|ty
oi oay|og b|lls aod s|ow|og a otout teods to
cottect ettots w|.c| ot|vate bas|oesses ma|e.
When a government agency makes mistakes, |t
getsmotemooev itomt|etreasury ; and for oolit
|cal teasoos, |t mast coot|oae to ma|e t|e same
m|sta|es .o otdet to j ast| iy oast ettots.
The Government Showcase
toos|det|og w|at TVA |as desttoyed. aod
w|atot|vateeottm|g|t|ave ba|lt, |tseemsob
v|oas t|at TVA |as oot |eloed t|e Teooessee
Valley, bat|asdooegteat|atm.
Ooe oi t|e s|allowest atgameots oi goveto
meotal olaooets today |s t|atgovetomeot s|oald
be g|veo cted|t iot all tec|oolog|cal, sc.eot|fc,
aod ecooom|c |motovemeots |o t||s coaotty s|oce
1 933. T|e iact|st|atadvaoces|aveoccatted |o
so|te oi govetomeot. No ooe |oows |ow mac|
matet|al otogtess t|e Amet|cao oeoole woald
|ave made |o t|e oast )c yeats .i govetomeot
|ad oot embto|lec t|em |o wats, s|ac|led t|em
w|t| tegalat|oos, aod sttaogled t|eo w|t| taxes
Ii govetomeot owoets||o aod coottol aod
soeod|og coald otodace teal otosoet|ty, t|e Teo
oessee Valley woald be a oatad|se, becaase |ete
t|e tax b|ll|oos t|at |ave beeo soeot wete oot
eveo ta|sed |o t|e teg|oo t|at beoei|tted. Gov
etomeot cao g|ve t|e oeoole oot||og t|at |t |as
ootftstta|eoawayitomt|emaodt|eamoaot
w||c|govetomeotg|ves bac| |salways mac| less
t|ao w|at |tta|es. Io t|e Teooessee Valley, t|e
govetomeot |as soeot b|ll|oos t|at |t too| away
itom taxoayets |o ot|et teg|oos. \et, t|e TVA
atea |as oot |eot ao w|t| t|e ecooom|c otogtess
oit|etestoit|eoat|oo. Deso|tet|eiteewatet
wav ttaosoottat.oo aod t|e lowcost electt|c
oowetaodt|em|ll|oosoitaxdollatssoeo:on ad
vett|s|ogaodt|eba.ld.ogoigovetomeotal |odas
tt|alolaotstoaseTVAoowett|eatea|as|ad
a slowet |odastt|al gtowt| t|ao oe|g|bo:|og te
g|oos.
t 1 0)
J|e gtea: oowet olaots, t|e mammot| dams
aod t|emaomade la|es |ot|eTeooesseeValley,
|ave become a govetomeot s|owcase, a iavot|te
olace oi o|lgt|mage iot sc|ool teac|ets, ecooo
m|sts, aod v|s|t|og d|go|tat|es itom abtoad It all
ma|es a mago|fceot soectacle. \oa cao t|de
atoaod t|e Teooessee Vallev aod see w|at two
billion dollars built. You cannot see t|e fertile
laodsaodgteat iotestst|atTVA desttoyed. \oa
cannot see w|at two b|ll|oo dollats woald |ave
Page 254
ba|lcelsew|ete|o all oatcsoic|e oac|oo |i |c |ad
beeoleic|oc|e|aodsoioeoolew|oeatoed|caod
|ad ooc beeo se|zed |o caxes co be soeoc oo gov
etomeoc s gtaod|oseotoj eccs |oc||s ooe val|ey
Purpose
Aod c|e coat|scs seldom d|sceto c|e s|o|scet
oatoose beoeac| |call
CoogtessmaoBeo)eoseo te|aces a oetsooal ex-
oet|eoce oi a mao w|o |s oow a Lo|ced :caces
:eoacot Io c|e l )c s, c|e mao acceoded a com
mao|sccellmeec|og |oa latgec|cy A commao|sc
soea|et |aog oo c|e wal| a mao oi c|e Lo|ced
:caces. T|e mao was d|v|ded |oco o|oe secc|oos
eac| secc|oo ceocet|og atoaod a majot t|vet
valley T|ecommao|scsa|d
"Since river valleys are no respecters of state
lines, and since America can never be commu
nized so long as there are 48 sovereign states, we
must create 9 river valley authorities, like the
Tennessee Valley Authority, where 3 men who
are not elected by the people, but who are simply
appointed by the president, are in full control.
"When this is accomplished, then 27 all-pow
erful men will be in complete control of the
United States - then all city, county, and state
governments will be forced to surrender their
sovereign powers; and we will be in complete con
trol, because we communists will see to it that
the right 27 men are appointed. "( l O)
1ocetesc|og ev|deoce c|ac Roosevelc |oew c|e
teal oatoose oi TVA cao be ioaod |o c|e \alca
oaoets, oabl|s|ed by c|e :cace Deoatcmeoc. Dat
|ogacoovetsac|oo w|c| )oseo| :cal|oac\alca oo
Iebtaaty 7, l )4, Ptes|deoc Roosevelcaccotd
|og co oc|a| ooces made by C|atles Bo||eo
"mentioned that in the Soviet Union and its
various republics, consideration had been given
to the problem of a country as a whole, and in the
United States the TVA had the same idea. He
mentioned that in the region of the TVA, electric
current was sold at the same price throughout
the area."
JVA was j asca beg|oo|og
T|e Ratal lecct|fcac|oo Adm|o|sctac|oo iol
|owed oexc Cteaced |o l )co sc|malaceacc|v|cy
w||c| woald te||eve aoemoloymeoc aod bt|og
elecct|c|cyco|atms,RAcoday|sba|ld|og|csowo
e|ecct|c geoetac|og o|aocs w|ete ot|vace oowet |s
a|teady ava|lab|e Ic |s foaoc|og caxiavoted co
ooetac|ves |o c|e otodacc|oo aod d|sct|bac|oo oi
e|ecct|coovet,aod| ootov|d|ogce|eo|ooesetv|ce,
|o d|tecc comoec|c|oo |c| caxoay|og eocetot|ses
oocj asc|otata|,bac|ourban ateas,w|eteRA
vasoevetsaooosedco|octade Today,motec|ao
|ali oi a|| RA e|ecct|c|cy |s sold co c|cy asets,
aod ioati|ic.s oi |cs oew cascomets ate |o ooo
iatmateas.
In 1 942, he left Harvard and joined the FBI. As an FBI Agent, he worked for three and a half years on communist
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an administrative assistant to ]. Edgar Hoover on FBI headquar
In 195 1 , Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio and television
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his present independent publishing and broadcasting business -a fre
that uses the American Constitution as a yardstick. The Report is available by subscription; and the broadcsts MI
If you think Dan Smot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting socialism and communism, you can
Page 255
|e emo|te oi soc|a||ze1 oowet |as oow
sotea1aoc||c|ebateaactacs,fg|c|ogamoogc|em
se|vesiotcoocto|,atecao1|1|ytevea||ogc|e|ttea|
oatoose o| e||m|nac|og Amet|cao ot|vace encet
ot|se. ln a11|c|oo co c|e oac|oo-w|1e oowet gt|1
sc|eme, |n a11|c|oo co Kenne1y s m+|c| b| || |oo
1o||at Passamaqao11y otooosa| on c|e bot1et oi
Ma|oeao1Caoa1a , an1 |n a11|c|ooco c|e Ttoc
cets :|oa|s otojecc |n :oac| Cato||oa, c|e Ken
ne1y a1m|o|sctac|oo |s otesenc|y atg|ng ie1eta|
exoeo1|cates oi mote c|an l b| |||on 1o||ats iot
coosctacc|oo oi seven |age oowet iac|| |c|es ( |n
At|zooa, Geotg|a, l1a|o, Moncana, Otegon, V|t
g|n|a, w||c| ot|vacecomoan|eswaocco ba||1
The Way Out
tongtess s|oa|1 tej ecc a|| oeo1|og |eg|s|ac|on
an1 otooosa|s |ot exoan1|ng c|e e|ecct|c oowet
emo|te o| c|e |e1eta| bateaactacy. lc s|oa|1 te
iase co ma|e |atc|et aootoot|ac|ons |ot ex|sc|ng
govetomenciac|||c|es,an1 s|oa|1 comoe| c|e|e1
eta|govetnmenccose||all o|c|e|ac|||c|es ( TVA,
Bonnev|||e, Hoovet, Looet Co|ota1oall oi
c|em, co c|e oeoo|e, co be tan as ot|vace encet
ot|ses w||c|woa|1pay, tac|et c|ao waste, caxes.
T||s woa|1 scoo c|e soc|a||zac|oo oi a |ey
Amet|cao |n1ascty lc woa|1 save caxoayets b||
| | ons oi 1o||ats w||c| c|e ooetac|og |osses o|
e1eta| ooweto|ancsnowcosc ,ao1otocee1sitom
sa|eo| c|e b|g govetnmenc |osca||ac|ons coa| 1be
ase1 co ma|e a sabscanc|a| te1acc|on |o c|e na
c|ooa|1ebc.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Publ i c Power Lobby Gets Tips from Moscow," Human
Ellentsl November 3, 1 962, pp. 839-40
( 2 ) "US Moves to Federal ize Power," article, Nation's Business
September, 1961 . reprinted in Human Events September 29:
1 961 , p. 642
( 3 ) U. S. News & World Report, Jul y 29, 1 963, p. 10
(4) The Los Angeles Examiner, December 20, 1 961
( 5 ) Congressional Record, Apri l 1 , 1 963, pp. 4963-4
( 6) "Interior, FPC Struggle Over Transmission Line Control, "
article, COJlg,essional Quarterly 11 eekly Report, May 1 7, 1963,
pp. 769- 72
( 7 ) For a detailed account of federal land grab poli cies see this
Report, "Confiscating The Land," July 29, 1 963 .
( 8 ) "Big Dam Foolishness," SIr01 T hurlllond Reports To The
People, May 1 3. 1 963
( 9) Washingtoll Report, by V. s. Congressman James B. Vtt,
( Republ i can, Cal i forni a ) . May 2 1 , 1959
( 1 0 ) "Socialism Or Freedom For America-I Took The Oath "
speech by U. S. Representative Ben F. Jensen, daily COllgr;s
S10lal Record, May 4, 1 959, pp. 6625- 32
and dragging our Republic into the quicksands of socialism. What can you do about it?
debaters, students, writers? Have you read and passed on to others any of the Dan Smoot books -The Invisible
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Page 256
M
Ifl Smoot Reportli
Vol. 9, No. 33 (Broadcast 41 8) August 1 9, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
A NEW ATTACK ON THE CONNALLY RESERVATI ON
Ac :|e |n:etnac|onal conietence | n :an Itanc|sco ( )ane, l )4 , w|en c|e Ln|ced Nac|ons
C|atcet was wt|c:en, c|ete was sctong senc|men: iot a LN Wotld Coatc w||c| woald |ave
comoa|soty j at|sd|c:|on ovet membet nac|ons, ba:oooos|:|on co sac| a otooosa| was also sctong.
T|e comotom|se was a otov|s|on |n C|aocet XIVoic|e Ln|ced Nac|ons C|atcet escabl|s||ng:|e
lncetna:|ona| Coat: oi )asc|ce (geneta|ly cal|ed Wot|d Coatc , as a ot|nc|oal otgan oi c|e LN,
co ianc:|on |n accotdance w|c| a soca|led ::acace, annexed co :|eC|atcetand cons|detedoat:
oi |:.
T|e ::aca:e oic|eIncetnac|onal Coatc oi )as:|ce otov|des :|ac a|l LN membets aacoma:|cally
becomemembets oi c|e Wotld Coat:, c|oag| none |s teqa|tedco acceoc |cs j at|sd|cc|on. Nac|ons
w||c| do no: acceocj at|sd|cc|on |ave eqaal t|g|csand oowetsw|c|tegatdcoc|eCoatcasnac|ons
w|.c| do acceoc |:s j at|sd|c:|on.( 1 )
The Court
|e Wot|d Coat: cons|s:s oi l j adges, all e|ec:ed, iot n|neyeat cetms, bya majot|cyvoce |n
:|eLN:eca:|:yCoanc||and bya majot|cyvoce |nc|eLNGenetal Assembly.T|ecand|daces ate
nom|naced by c|e LN :ecte:aty Geneta|, itom names sabm|cced by na:|ona| gtoaos |n :|e Pet
manencCoatc oi Atb|cta:|on ac c|eHagae. No oatc|calat qaal|fcac|ons ate soec|fed.
Nonac|on (exceoc c|e:ov|ecLn|on, can|ave mote c|an one oi |cs nac|onals on c|e Wotld
Coat:. T|e :ov|ecs can |ave c|tee j adges on c|e coat: a: one c|me, becaase oi an agteemenc
w||c| Ptes|denc Itan|||n D koosevelc made w|c| :cal|n ac \alca |n l )4tecogn|z|ng :|e
:ov|ec otov|nces oi Bye|otass|a and c|e L|ta|ne as | ndeoendenc na:|ons, enc|cled co iall teote
senca:|on |n all LN agenc|es.
6441 Gaston Avenue) . Subscription rates : $1 0.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
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Page 257
N|oej a1gescoosc|caceaqaotamiotcbeWotl1
Coatcco 1o bas|oess, ao1 a maj ot|cy oicbe o|oe
caoteo1etj a1gmeocs.Tb|smeaoscbacuvej a1ges,
oo a coatc oi 1 5 , cao ma|e 1ec|s|oos. Ii cbe
coatc ia|lscoteacba1ec|s|oo,becaase|c|seveoly
1|v|1e1, c|e Ptes|1eoc oi c|e coatc cao casc ao
excta voce co btea| cbe c|e. Tbe Ptes|1eoc ( w|o
|s elecce1 by c|e coatc |cseli , bas oc|et btoa1
oowets |e cooctols |eat|ogs, 1|teccs a1m|o|scta
c|ve bas|oess, ao1 aooo|ocs atb|ctacots ao1 am
o|tes No j a1ge cao betemove1 itomcbe coatc,
exceoc by aoao|moas 1ec|s|oo oi cbe ocbet 14
j a1ges Tbe coatc escabl|sbes |cs owo tales, ao1,
|o cases wbete c|ete |s 1|soace, escabl|sbes |cs
owo j at|s1|ct|oo. T|ete | s oo aooeal itom a 1e
c|s|oooic|ecoatc.
J|as, c|e Wotl1 Coatc |sc|emoscexctaot1|
oatyj a1|c|al bo1y |o||scoty. Ic |scbeoolycoatc
(cetca|oly |oc|e b|scotyoiwescetooac|oos , evet
emoowete1 co 1ecetm|oe ooc ooly |cs owo tales
ao1 otoce1atesbac|cs j at|s1|cc|oo. IocbeLo|ce1
:caces, Coogtess bas absolace aac|ot|cy co 1ecet
m|oe ( l|m|c, eolatge, ot abol|s|, c|e aooellace
j at|s1|cc|oo oi all ie1etal coatcs ( |ocla1|og cbe
:aoteme Coatc , . Ooly cbe Wotl1 Coatc |s
emoowete1 co ma|e 1ec|s|oos itom w||cb cbete
|sno relief. IocbeLo|ce1 :caces, 1ec|s|oosoic|e
:aoteme Coatc caoooc beaooeale1, bac c|e|t ei
iecccaobesecas|1eotoall|ue1byCoogtess.Tbe
Wou1Coatc|sao|qae| ocbacam|oot|cyoiooe
c||t1 oi |cs membets cao teo1et a 1ec|s|oo. Ic |s
ao|qae |o c|ac oo oacs|1e aac|ot|cy cao temove
ooe oi |cs j a1ges, tegat1less oi w|ac |e 1oes. Io
cbe Lo|ce1 :caces, Coogtess cao |moeacb ao1 te
move itom once aoy ie1etal j a1ge ( |ocla1|og a
:aoteme Coatc j asc|ce, iot ba1 be|av|ot. No
maccet |ow ba1 cbe bebav|ot oi a Wotl1 Coatc
j a1ge, |e caoooc be temove1 exceoc by aoao|
moas voce oi cbe ocbet 14 j a1ges. Tbe Wotl1
Coatc |s ao|qae |o cbac ooe oi |cs j a1ges bas a
1oable voce |o cases so cooctovets|al c|ac cbey
1|v|1ec|e coatceveoly.
I|e most astools|log t|log aboat :|e Wou1
Coatc,|owevet, | sc|ac|ccaobescae1 ao1coo
ctolle1 by oac|oos wb|c| soato |cs j at|s1|cc|oo.
Connal l y' s Reseration
J|eLo|ce1Nac|oosC|atcet ( w|c|c|e:cacace
oi c|e Iocetoac|ooal Coatc aooeo1e1 as ao |o
cegtal oatc , wass|goe1ac :ao Itaoc|sco oo)aoe
26, 1945 . Oo)ely 28, 1945, cbeL. :. :eoace ( by
tac|iy|og cbe LN C|atcet as |i |c wete a cteacy,
iotmally aac|ot|ze1 Lo|ce1 :caces membets||o |o
c|e LN Oo Occobet 24, 1945, c|e:ov|ecLo|oo
tac|fe1 c|e LN C|atcet (lasc oi cbe fve majot
oowets co 1o so, , ao1 c|e Lo|ce1 Nac|oos iot
mally came |oco be|og.
Byj o|o|ogcbeLN,c|eLo|ce1:cacesaacomac|
ca|ly became amembet oit|eWotl1 Coatc. We
wete ooc, |owevet, boao1 co acceoc |cs j at|s1|c
c|oo,aolessoatgovetomeocfle1aiotmal1eclata
c|oo oi acceotaoce. Tbe Ttamao a1m|o|sctac|oo
1emao1e1 c|acc||s be1ooe Io1ee1,cbe1:|veco
sabj ecc c||s oac|oo co Wotl1 Coatc j at|s1|cc|oo
begao s|x mooc|s beiote c|e coatccame|oco ex
|sceoce. T|e coatc was iotmally otgao|ze1 May
6, 1946. :|xmooc|sbeiote ( |oNovembet, 1 945 ) ,
:eoacot Wayoe Motse, itom Otegoo, |octo1ace1
atesolac|oog|v|og:eoacecooseoccoLo|ce1:caces
acceocaoce o| comoalsoty j at|s1|cc|oo oi cbe
Wotl1 Coatc. Oo Decembet 1 7, 1 945 , C|t|sc|ao
Hetcet ( c|eoaLo|ce1:cacesReoteseocac|ve, lacet
|seobowet s:ectecatyoi:cace, |octo1ace1 |oc|e
Hoase a s|m||at tesolac|oo.
Oo)aly 24, 1946, c|e:eoaceIote|goRelac|oos
Comm|ccee, by aoao|moasvoce, teootce1 Motses
tesolac|oococ|e:eoaceiotiavotableacc|oo. Tbe
tesolac|ootesolve1cbac,
" . . . the Senate . . . consent to the deposit by
the President of the United States with the Sec
retary General of the United Nations of a decla
ration . . . recognizing as compulsory . . . the ju
risdiction of the International Court of Justice
in all legal disputes hereafter arising concern
mg -
"( a) the interpretation of a treaty;
"(b) Any question of international law;
"(c) The existence of any fact which, if
established, would constitute a breach of an in
ternational obligation;
"(d) The nature or extent of the repara-
Page 258
tion to be made for the breach of an international
obligation.
"Provided, That such declaration shall not ap
ply to -
"(a) disputes the solution of which the
parties shall entrust to other tribunals by virtue
of agreements already in existence or which may
be concluded in the future;
"(b) disputes with regard to matters
which are essentially within the domestic Juris
diction of the United States . . + e
|enc|etesolac|oncamebeiote c|e :enace
iot a voceAagasc 1 , 1946 consetvac|ves
ta|sedav|calqaesc|on. w|ow|lldecetm|new|ec|
etamaccet|sessenc|allyw|c||noatnac|onalj at|s
d|cc|on: W|ac| ic|e:ov|ecss|oaldbt|ngc|atges
aga|nsc c|e Ln|ced :caces iot noc adm|cc|ng com
man|sc so|es and saboceats as |mm|gtancs : T|e
Ln|ced :caces m|g|c cla|m |n va|n c|ac oat |m
m|gtac|on laws ate exclas|vely oat bas|ness. T|e
Wotld Coatc (on w||c| we coald nevet |ave
mote c|an one j adge, w||le comman|scs coald
|avea majot|cy, coald dec|de c|ac oat |mm|gta
c|onlawsate|ncetnac|onal aa|ts. W|ac |i Pana
ma s|oald sae iot ownets||o and conctol oi oat
Panama Canal ? T|e Woud Coatc coald acceoc
j at|sd|c:|ononc|egtoandsc|ac c|emaccetaeccs
allnac|ons,and|ccoalddec|decog|vec|eCanalco
Panama. W|ac|iwect|edcodecteaseotcetm|nace
oat a|d co some iote|gn nac|on, an! c|ac nac|on
saedas|nc|eWotldCoatc,cla|m|ngc|acAmet|
caniote|gna|daeccsall nac|onsandc|acallna
c|ons c|eteiote masc |ave a vo|ce |n decetm|n|ng
oatiote|gn a|d ool|c|es ?
T|eMotseHetcet ctowd atgaed c|acwecoald
ctasc c|e Woud Coatc. Consetvac|ves wete an
w|ll |ngco olaceoatnac|onal |ndeoendence |nc|e
|andsoi1 4 iote|gnets,all,otamajot|cy,oiw|om
m|g|c be comman|scs.
5enacot Tom Connally ( Democtac, Texas ,
was C|a|tman oi c|e :enace Iote|gn Relac|ons
Comm|ccee. He vas eaget iot c|e Lnited :caces
co acceoc j at|sd|cc|on oi c|e Wotld Coatc. Io
allayconsetvac|ve ieatsc|acc|ecoatcm|g|cmed
dle |nAmet|ca s domesc|c aua|ts, Iom Connally
otooosed an amendmenc, ot tesetvac|on, co c|e
MotseWotldCoatctesolac|on.T|eConnallyRes
etvac|on cons|sced oi s|x wotds "as determined
by the United States. JJ
On Aagasc 2, 1946, c|e :enace, by a voce oi
62 coz, aootovedc|eMotseWotld Coatctesola
c|on, as amended by c|e Connally Resetvac|on.
T|as, as unally enacced, oat iotmal declatac|on
oi acceocance oi Woud Coatc j at|sd|cc|on oto
v|desc|acc|eLn|ced :caces w|ll not acceoc com
oalsotyj at|sd|cc|onoic|ecoatc|nmaccetsw||c|
ateessenc|ally w|c||nc|e domesc|cj at|sd|cc|onoi
c|e Ln|ced :caces as determined by the United
States."
Efforts To Repeal
1ncetnac|onal|scs | nc|e Amet|can Bat Assoc|a
c|on |mmed|ace|y began a otooaganda camoa|gn
aga|nsc c|e Connally Resetvac|on, cty|ng co oet
saadec|eoabl|candc|e:enacecoacceocc|e|dea
c|ac c|e tesetvac|on masc be teoealed In Iebta
aty,1947, c|eAmet|canBatAssoc|ac|on,byaclose
voce, tecommended teoeal
Bac mass|ve and concetced otooaganda eotcs
iot teoeal oic|eConnallyResetvac|ond|dnocbe
g|n anc|l 1 1 yeats lacet. T|e utscgteac wave oi
t|ecot|c bto|e atoand May 1 , 1 958 (c|e utsc
Law Day, L :. A , , w|c| a sadden soace oi
otooagandaaboacWoudPeaceT|toag|Woud
Law. T|e otooaganda conc|naed w|c| evett|s
|ng vo|ameiot a|mosccwoyeatsalloi| cc|an
det|ng c|e c|eme c|acc|e utsc sceo cowatd oeace
on eatc| mascbeteoeal oic|e ConnallyResetva
c|on.
ln ||s :cace oi c|e Ln|on Message on )anaaty
9, 1 959, Ptes|denc |sen|owet sa|d |e wanced a
teexam|nac|on oioat own telac|onco c|e Incet
nac|onal Coatc oi )asc|ce. On Matc| 24, 1959,
:enacotHabetcH Hamo|tey ( Democtac,M|nne
soca, j o|nedby:enacot)acob K. )av|cs (Reoabl|
can, New \ot|, |nctodaced a teso|ac|on co te
oea|c|eConnallykesetvac|on OnAot|l1 3, 1959,
V|cePtes|dencR|c|atdM. N|xonoabl|clytecom
mended mod|uc
,
c|onoic|eConnallyResetvac|on.
Page 259
Oo Octobet l , l )), t|eAmet|caoBat Assoc|a
t|oo teleased a soec|al comm|ttee teoott tecom
meod|ogteoeal oit|eCoooallyResetvat|oo.
T|e s6t| Coogtess adj oatoed |o l))w|t|oat
act|og oo t|e Hamo|tey tesolat|oototeoeal t|e
CoooallyResetvat|oo,batooNovembetl , l )),
Ptes|deot|seo|owet ( |oalettetto:eoatotHam
o|tey, eodotsed t|e Hamo|tey otooosal |seo
|owevetsa|d|e|ooedteoealoit|eCoooallyRes
etvat|oo woald g|ve t|e wotld a mote eect|ve
meaos to oteveot sac| btatal ases oiotce
s
commao|sts ased |o Haogaty aod T.bet T|.s
|seo|owet temat| (cleatly |moly|og t|at t|e
Coooally Resetvat|oo was oattly tesooos|ble iot
commao|st best|al|ty |oHaogatyaod T|bet, was
aoolaaded aod teoeatedeodle
sly by |otet
!
at|oo
al|st l|betals, oooe oiw|omtt:ed to exolaa|ow
t|e satteodet oi Amet|cao |odeoeodeoce to t|e
Wotld Coattcoalc |o1aeoce t|ecommao|stoto
gtamoicooqaestbytettotaodmassmatdet
1o ||s :tateoi t|e Lo|oo Message )aoaaty 7,
l )6c,Ptes|deot|seo|owetaga|oeodotsedteo
eal
oi t|eCoooallyResetvat|oo T|e :eoate Iote.go
Relat|oosComm|ttee ( aodett|e c|a|tmaos||o oi
) W|ll|am Ialbt|g|t, sc|edaled |e
t|ogs, obv|
oasly |oteod|og to |eatoolyt|ose
.toesses w|o
iavotedteoeal Itseemedcataoddt.ed t|ecom
m|ttee woald iavotably teoott, aod t|e :eoate
oetiaoctot|ly oass, t|e
Hamo|tey tesolat|oo, aod

t|e Coooally Resetvat.oo woald be teoealed be
iote a bta|owas|ed oabl|c teal|zed w|at t|e tes-
etvat|oo was.
Bat |otetoat|ooal|sts aodettated t|e oeoole.
W|eowotdgotoat,t|eoabl|cwasqa|c|toteal
|zet|atteoealoit|eCoooallyResetvat|oomeaot
aocood|t|ooal satteodet to t|e Wotld Coatt.
Was||ogtoo ool|t|c|aos wetedelagedw|tw|tes,
lettets, oet|t|oos aod tesolat|oos demaodag t|at
t|e Coooally Resetvat|oo be teta|oed Oo Matc|
c, l )6c,Ialbt|g|tsIote|goRelat|oosComm|ttee
tabled t|eHamo|tey otooosal toteoeal t|e Coo-
oallyResetvat|ooaita|dtolet |tgoto t|e:eo
ate iot a vote lo i )6l , aoot|et tesolat|oo was
introduced in the Senate, asking for repea

of the
Coooally Resetvat|oo, batt||s tesolat|oo d|d oot
eveootogtessto t|e oo|ot oi |eat|ogs.
Senator Long' s Scheme
Ptopagaoda iot teoealoit|eCoooallyReset
vat|oo d|ed dowocoos|detablyaitet Matc|, l )6c
(w|eo t|e Hamo|teytesola
t|o
!
|e|o comm.
tee,,bateottstosatteodet at.s.ct.oooiAmet.
caoaa|tstot|eWotld Coatt d:d ootabate
Iot examole, |o May, )6c, t|e :tate Deoatt
meotseottot|e:eoate,iot|tsadv|ceaodcooseot,
ioat LN Cooveot|oos ( |otetoat|ooal agteemeots
byLNmembets , cooceto|og t|eLawoit|e:ea
It also seot a ototocol agteemeot w||c| woald
b|od all s|goatoty oat|oos to acceot comoalsoty
j at|sd|ct|oo oi t|e Wotld Coatt |o all d|soates
at|s|og itom t|e Law oi t|e :ea agteemeots.
At t|e last momeot, t|e :eoate tecogo|zed
t||s ototocol +gteemeot as a bac|sta|ts eott to
c|tcamveot aod aodetm|oet|eCoooallyResetva
t|oo T|e ototocol was deieated. Bat s|oce t|at
t|me tteat|es betweeot|eLo|ted :tatesaodot|et ,
coaott|es oiteo coota|oclaases g|v|ogt|e Woud
Coatt j at|sd|ct|oo ovet all d|soates at|s|og itom
sac| tteat|es. Io t|me, |ieooag| sac| tteat|es ate
made, t|e Coooally Resetvat|oo w|ll become
meao|ogless,w|t|oatiotmalteoeal.
Neaow||le, |otetoat|ooal|sts |ave dev|sed a
iastet met|od oi satteodet|og t|e |odeoeodeoce
aodsovete|got,oit|eLo|ted :tates, t|toag|ao
tesetved acceotaoce oi Wotld Coatt jat|sd|c|oo
ovetoatoat|ooalaa|tsOo)aoezc, l )6), Loted
:tates :eoatotRassell B. Loog ( Democtat, Loa|
s|aoa, |ottodaced :eoate Resolat|o
l 66 as|og
t|e Ptes|deot to sooosot |o t|e Loted Nat.oos
a olaototecoost|tatet|eWoud Coatt. T|eolao
woald
( 1 ) Give the World Court com
ulsory j
ris
diction over all members of the Umted NatIOns;
(2) Give the Court itself power to overrule (by
a vote of 1 0 of its 15 judges) the plea of any na
tion that a matter referred to the Court is purely
a domestic afair of that nation;
( 3) Eliminate the national citizenship of all
j udges and their families, maing
he

super
citizens of all UN member natIons ( UnIted Na
tions citizens") , with diplomatic immunity every
where;
Page 260
(4) Provide for the election of World Court
j udges for life, making their salaries tax free;
(5) Provide that future elections of j udges
would be held only to replace vacancies and that
they be elected by a plurlity of votes in the Se
curity Council and the General Assembly rather
than by a majority as is now the rule.
T|e Loog olao was 1ev|se1 by bet|at1 P.
Deacsc|,ao|ocetoac|ooa||sclawyetitomNewOt
|eaosw|o|asbeeo| oc|eioteitooc oiAmet|cao
Bat Assoc|ac|oo otooagao1|scs iot teoeal oi c|e
Co
oally Resetvac|oo. Mt. Deacsc| |s oteseocly

c|aumao oi c|e ABA's :cao1|og Comm|ccee oo
Peace ao1 Law c|toag| c|e Lo|ce1 Nac|oos.
W||lec|eAmet|caoBatAssoc|ac|oo ca|es c|e
lea1|osooosot|ogc||s lacescaccemoccosatteo1et
oat oac|oo
c|e Wotl1 Coatc, c|e Io1eoeo1eoc

Bat Assoc.anoo lea1s oooos|c|oo co c|e o|ao
T|
Io1eoeo1eoc BatAssoc|ac|oowas teceoc|y

otgao.ze1 by a gtoao oi 1|sc|oga|s|e1 lawyets
v|o ieel c|ac c|e Amet|cao Bat Assoc|ac|oo oo
looget g|ves a tesoeccia| |eat|og co c|e|t v|ews.
Membets oi c|e Io1eoeo1eoc Bat waoc co |eeo
c|e Coooally Resetvac|oo as otocecc|oo aga|osc
Wot|1 Coatc |ocetieteoce |o c|e 1omesc|c aa|ts
oi cat oac|oo. T|ey 1o ooc saoootc :aoteme
Coatc |ocetotecac|oos w||c| ate coovetc|og c|e
ie1etal govetomeoc|oco a ceoctal|ze1abso|ac|sm.
T|ey teseoc c|e ase oiAmet|caoBat Assoc|ac|oo
iao1s, iac|l|c|es, ao1 otesc|ge co saoootc iote|go
a|1 sc|emes iot lao1 teiotm |o Lac|o Amet|ca
I commeo1co all c|oag|cial Amet|caos ( lawyets
ao1 ooolawyets al||e, c|e Wotl1 Coatc Issae
( :ammet, 1 963, ot|ces . cc, oiLw Today, o
c|al j oatoal oi c|e Io1eoeo1eoc Bat Assoc|ac|oo
( c I|ic| Aveoae, New \ot| 36, New \ot|, .
The Si l ly and The Si nister
1ocetoac|ooal|sc atgameocs iot teoeal oi c|e
CoooallyResetvac|ootaoge itom c|e|a1|ctoasco
c|e oact|g|c ||e. W|ac coa|1 be mote la1|ctoas
c|ao c|e |ocetoac|ooal|scatgameoc c|ac teoeal oi
c|e Coooally Resetvac|oo |s oecessaty co assate
oc|etoac|oosoioats|ocet|cy|ocall|ogiotexceo
s|oooilaw|owotl1aua|ts? (4) T||sa1o|esceocac-
c|ca1e,c|acoatgteacoat|oomasc1osomec||ogooc
becaase |c |s |oct|os|callyt|g|c bacbecaase |c w|ll
ma|eoc|ets|||eas,|sscao|1. Aiceta||c|ebloo1
ao1 cte
sate met|caos |ave ooate1 oac co |elo

oeoole m iote.go lao1s ' Ii aoyooeteca|os 1oabc
ab
c as, |e otobab|y 1oabcs oat sao|cy |o sab

....ccagcoc|eta|eoil|betal |ocetoac|ooal|scsw|o
atew|ll|ogcoslaag|cet oatyoac|,g|veawayoat
wea|c|, ao1 satteo1et oat oac|ooa| |o1eoeo1eoce
iot oo aooateoc teasoo exceoc co w|o a wotl1
w|1e oooalat|cy coocesc-|o w||c| we ate c|e
oolycoocescaoc
Lo Occobet ll, 1959, c|e :oec|al Comm|ccee
oo Iocetoac|ooa| Law oi c|e Amet|cao Bat Asso
c|ac|oo telease1 |cs teootc eoc|cle1 :eli-)a1g|og
Asoeccoic|eLo|ce1:cacesDomesc|c)at|s1|cc|oo
Resetvac|oo w|c| Resoecc co c|e Iocetoac|ooal
Coatc oi )asc|ce. Io )aoe, 1 960, The Reader's
Digest oab||s|e1aoatc|clebyW|ll|am Hat1, eo
c|c|e1 T|e Lo|ce1 :caces Is Imoe1|og Wotl1
La
`
. Oo )a|y l l , 1960, Life oabl|s|e1 ao e1|
cotal eoc|c|e1 V|ca| :ceoTowat1 Wotl1 Law.
A|l c|tee oi c|ese o|eces atge1 teoeal oi c|e
Coooa|ly Resetvac|oo, so c|ac c|e Wotl1 Coatc
cao 1ecetm|oe |cs owo j at|s1|cc|oo ovet aoy case
|ovolv|og c|e Lo|ce1 :caces, by ma||og |cs owo
1ecetm|oac|oooiw|ec|etc|ecase1oesot1oesooc
|ovolveaoate|y1omesc|c maccet. All 1|s|ooescly
|mo||e1 c|ac c|e Coooa||y Resetvac|oo oacs c|e
Lo|ce1:caces|oa1|s|oootabletoleoiselij a1g
|og |cs owo 1|soaces w|c| oc|et oac|oosoacs
oatoac|oo|oc|ecacegotyw|c|amaow|o|os|scs
oos|cc|ogasj a1gecocty||sowocase. T|ectac|
|s, |cwoal1 v|o|ace iao1ameocalot|oc|oles oic|e
Amet|caoCoosc|cac|ooao1oiAmet|caojat|sota
1eoce co oetm|c any coatc co 1ecetm|oe |cs own
j at|s1|cc|oo Ne|c|etaoac|ooootao|o1|v|1aal|s
be|ogaj a1ge|o||sowocasew|eo|eqaesc|oos
c|ej at|s1|cc.oooia coatc co |eat c|ecase. C|al
leog|og c|e j at|s1|cc|oo oi a coatc, ao1 gett|og
cases c|towo oac oia coatc w||c| 1oes ooc |ave
val|1 j at|s1|cc|oo, ate |ooote1 ao1 aoc|eoc otac
c|ces|oAmet|caolaw
Io ||s Reader's Digest atc|cle ()aoe, l )6c, ,
atga|ogc|acc|eLn|ce1 :caces |s |moe1|og wot|1
law by teca|o|og c|e Coooally Resetvat|oo, W|l-
Page 261
|. am Ha:d ma|es a comoat.soo becweeo oac.oos
w||c| |eat|ess|y sabm|c c|e.t d|soaces co c|e
Wot|d Coatc aod c|e Lo|ced :caces, w||c| goes
.oco c|ecoatc, || ac a||, w|c| |aods coos.detab|y
so|led, becaase.c|as tesotced co a sabcet|age
|oadooc|ogc|eCoooallyResetvac.oo. Hatddoca
meocs c|.s .ov.d|oas comoat|soo by say.og
"According to the Secretary of State Herter
there are now only six countries which, having
gone through the form of acceptig the C
?
urt's
compulsory jurisdiction
,
have nulhfed theIr ac
ceptance by reservations. These countries are:
the United States, Mexico, Liberia, the Sudan,
the Union of South Africa, Pakistan."
T|ac scacemeoc, acct|baced co a :ectecaty o|
:cace, |soocctae.
lo|y 3S o| c|e l l c LN membets o| c|e
Wotld Coatc acceoc c|e j at.sd|cc.oo o| c|e coatc
coaoydegteew|acevet.Nocommao|scoac|ooac
ceocs |c. O| c|e 3 S oac|oos w|.c| do acceoc, c|e
acceocaoces o|c|e |o||ow.og l l ateooc tea| Ca
oada,Colomb.a,Dom|o|caoReoab|c,l:alvadot,
Ha.c|, Laxemboatg, New Zealaod, N.catagaa,
Paoama, Patagaav, Ltagaay. Be|ote c|e oteseoc
Wotld Coatc was |otmed, c|ese l l oac.oos ac
ceoced j +t|sd.cc|oo o| c|e old Leagae o| Nac.oos
PetmaoeocCoatco|locetoac|ooa|)asc|ce.T|eo|d
acceocaoces, otesamed co aoo|y co c|e oteseoc
coatc, wete f|ed w|c|oac cetm.oac|oo daceaod
cao be caoce|ed, by c|e oac|oos c|emse|ves. ac a
momeoc s ooc.ce Io oc|et wotds, c|ese l l oa
c|oos cao acceoc ot tej ecc Wot|d Coatc j at.sd.c
c|oo,asc|ey o|ease.
O|c|e24 Lo|cedNac|oosmembetsw||c||ave
specifcally acceoced j at|sd|cc.oo o| c|e present
WotldCoatc, c|e |o||ow|og 1 3 oac.oos a|so |ave
tesetvac.oos w|.c| eoable c|em, by caoce|.og ac
w|l|, co acceoc ot tejecc Wotld Coatc j at|sd.ct.oo
as c|ey olease Aascta|.a, Be|g|am, I
taoce, G
teac
Bt|ca|o, Hoodatas, lod.a, )aoao, Pa|.scao, P|.|p
o|oes,Potcagal, :oac|A|t|ca,:adao,Tat|ey. O|
c|ese 1 3 oac|oos w|ose acceocaoces o| Wot|d
Coatc j at|sd|cc|oo ate v|tcaal|y meao.og|ess e
caase t|ey +tee+oee|+b|eoo ooc|ce, 5 ( Aascc+l.+,
Itaoce,Iod|a, Potcagal, Gteac Bt|ca|o, also |ave
soec|fed tesetvac.oos |at mote tesct|cc.ve oo
Wotld Coatc j at|sd|cc|oo c|ao oat CoooallyRes
etvac|oo Two o| c|e l ( :oac| A|t|ca aod :a
dao, |avetesct|cc|oosotacc.callyc|esameasoat
Coooa||yResetvac.oo.
lstae| s ad|eteoce co Wotld Coatcj at|sd|cc|oo
|sso tesct|cc|ve c|ac |c eoab|es Istael co acceoc ot
deoy j at.sd|cc|oo, as Istae| o|eases.
Cambod.a ad|eteocecoWot|dCoatcj at|sd|c
c|oo w||| be caoce|ab|e oo ooc|ce by Cambod|a
a|cet:eocembet9, 1 967.
T|e Nec|et|aod s ad|eteoce co Wotld Coatc
j at.sd.cc|ootesetvesco T|eNec|etlaodsc|et|g|c
co exclade |tom c|e coatcs j at.sd|cc.oo aoy d|s
oaces w||c| T|e Nec|etlaods may w|s| co secc|e
bymeaosoc|etc|aobyte|ettalcoc|ecoatc.
L|bet|a aod Mex|co, .o ad|e:.og co Wotld
Coatc j at|sd.cc.oo, made tesetvac.oos eqa|valeoc
co oat Coooa||y Resetvac|oo.
J|as,o|c|e3S oac|oosw||c||aveacceoced
Wot|d Coatc j at|sd|cc|oo, 27 f|ed acceocaoces
v||c| eoable c|em co acceoc ot tej ecc c|ecoatc s
j at|sd.cc|oo .s c|ey olease T|.s meaos c|ac ooly
s oac|oos|aveacceocedWotldCoatcj at.sd.cc|oo
as comoa|soty aoooc|em |oc|esecc|emeoco|.o
cetoac.ooal d|soaces. T|ose s oac.oos ate Itee
C|.oa, Deomat|, I.olaod, L|bet|a, Mex|co, Not
vay, :wedeo, Lo.ced :caces. O| c|ese 8, c|tee
tesetvec|e t|g|ccodeoyc|e coatc j at|sd|cc.oo |o
casesc|+catesct.ctlydomest|c aa.tsoic|oseoa
c|oos, aod tesetve c|e t.g|c co decetm|oe c|em
se|ves w|ac .s a domesc.c aa.t . L|bet|a, Mex|co,
aodc|eLo.ced:caces.
L|bet.a, Mex.co, aodc|eLo|ced:cacesotom|se
co acceoc Wot|d Coatc j at|sd|cc|oo aoc.| s|x
mooc|safter c|eyg.veooc|ceo|caocel|ac|oo.Deo
mat|, I.o|aod, Notway, aod :wedeo may caoce|
c|e|t ad|eteoces co Wotld Coatc j at|sd.cc|oo by
g|v.og ooc.ce s.x mooc|s before a soec|fed dace.
T|as, c|ese |oat :caod.oav|ao oac|oos cao escaoe
|tom c|e comoa|soty j at.sd|cc.oo o| c|e Wot|d
Coatcmoteeas.|y c|aoc|eLo|ced :caces, L|bet|a,
aodMex.cocao
IteeC||oa .sc|e only oac.oow|.c| ad|eres co
Wot|d Coa:cj at|sd|cc.oomote comolecely ( w|c|
Page 262
|ess tesetvat|oo, t|ao t|e Lo|ted :tates.
Iooteseot|ogt|eseeva|aat|oosoiWot|dCoatt
j at|sd|ct|oo ovet oat|oos oi t|e wot|d, I am oot
stat|ogmyoo|o|oos. Iamg|v|ogaoexactaoa|ys|s
oit|edec|atat|oosoiacceotaocew||c.t|oseoa
t|oos u| ed, aod w||c| ate oab| |s|ed |o t|e 1958-
1959 Yeatboo| oit|elotetoat|ooa| Coatt oi)as
t|ce, oages .c... A iew deta||soimy aoa|ys|s
atebasedooaoatt.c|e|ot|e:ammet, 1 963, |ssae
oiLaw Today, oages 36- 39.
Jo sam |t ao |otetoat|ooa||sts w|o waot to
teoea| t|e Coooa||y Resetvat|oo aod oetm|t t|e
Wot|d Coatt to assame ao||m|ted j at|sd|ct|oo
ovetAmet|cao aua|ts, d|s|ooest|ystatet|att|ete
ateoo|y s|xoat|oos |ot|e wot|d w||c| ma|e te
stt|ct|vetesetvat|oos|ot|e|tad|eteoce to Wot|d
Coatt j at|sd|ct|oo, aod t|at t|e Lo|ted :tates | s
ooe oi t|e s|x T|e ttat| | s, oi t|e 1 1 0 Lo|ted
Nat|oosmembetsoit|eWot|d Coatt, oo|y8 oa
t|oos ( t|e Lo|ted :tates aod ot|ets , |ave ac
ceoted Wot|d Coatt j at|sd|ct|oo as compulsory
aooo t|em. Oi t|ose 8, ioat cao escaoe itom
comoa|soty j at|sd|ct|oo mote eas||y t|ao t|e
Lo|ted :tates cao, aod 2 |ave acceoted Wot|d
Coattj at|sd|ct|ooootetmsv|ttaa||y|deot|ca|w|t|
oats.
The Court We Can Trust
loe d|s|ooest atgameot oi |otetoat|ooa||sts
w|o waot teea| oi t|e Coooa| |y Resetvat|oo |s
t|att|eWot|dCoattcaobettastedoottoassame
j at|sd|ct|oo wtoog|y ot ot|etw|se do aoyt||og
|atmia|tot|eLo|ted :tates.
Loo|att|eoteseotWot|dCoatt. Its 1 5 j adges
ateitomAtgeot|oa, Aastta||a,IteeC||oa,Itaoce,
Gteat Bt|ta|o. Gteece, Ita|y, )aoao, Mex|co, Pao
ama, Peta, Po|aod, :ov|et Lo|oo, Lo|ted Atab
Reoab||c, Lo|ted :tates
Oi t|e 1 5 oat|oos teoteseoted oo t|e coatt,
do oot eveo ma|e a oteteose oi acceot|og t|e
coatts j at|sd|ct|oo, to aoy degtee, |o aoy tyoe oi
case, ot aodet aoy c|tcamstaoces Atgeot|oa,
Gteece, Ita|y, Peta, Po|aod, :ov|etLo|oo,Lo|ted
AtabReoab||c.
Oi t|e ot|et 8 j adges oo t|e Wot|d Coatt, 5
ate itom oat|oos w||c|tesetve t|et|g|tto tej ect
ot acceot t|e coatts j at|sd|ct|oo as t|ey o|ease.
Aastta||a, Itaoce, Gteat Bt|ta|o, )aoao, Paoama.
Oit|e 1 5 j adges oo t|e oteseot Wot|d Coatt,
2 ate itom commao|st coaott|es Po|aod aod t|e
:ov|et Lo|oo. T|e commao|st itom Po|aod |s
If you think Dan Smoot is providing efective tols for Americans fghting socialism and communism, you can
Page 263
Ptes|deoc oi c|e coatc, eoc|cled co a doable voce
|o casesw|eoc|e coatc |seveoly d|v|ded, aod |e
|s eodowed w|c| oc|et exceoc|ooal oowets.
T|eLo|ced:cacesoac|ooalooc|eWoudCoatc
|s Dt. P||l|o C. jessao ( oom|oaced by Ptes|deoc
|seo|owet|oNovembet, l)6c, . Ioc|eoasc, Dt.
)essao |adoc|al coooecc|oos w|c|acleasc8 oo
cot|oas commao|sc itooc otgao|zac|oos, |oclad|og
c|emoscoocot|oas oiall, c|e losc|cace oi Pac|uc
Relac|oos, aod Dt. jessao was closely assoc|aced
w|c|sac||oowocommao|scageocsasAlgetH|ss,
HattyDexcetW||ce,Itedet|c|Vaodetb|lcI|eld,
aod Laac|l|o Catt|e jessao s tecotd |s, |o iacc,
sobadc|acc|e:eoace,|ol ) l , teiasedcocooftm
||soom|oac|oo ( byPtes|deocTtamao, asAmbas
sadot co c|e LN.
What To Do
1c |s a o|cy c|ac c|eool|c|cal leadets||o oic|e
Lo|ced :caces |as bectayed as |oco |av|og aoy
c||ogw|acevet co do w|c| c|e Woud Coatc. T|e
:eoaces|oaldteoealc|el)46Motsetesolac|oooi
acceocaoceaod get us out. Ic|s aol||ely c|ac c|e
oabl|c w|ll exetceooag| otessate oo c|e oteseoc
:eoace co accomol|s| c||s , bac sately c|e oabl|c
w|llscotmc|e:eoacew|c|demaodsc|ac|cdeieac
c|eLoogResolac|oo ( :eoace Resolac|oo i66, |o
ctodaced oojaoe .c, l)6), as||ogiotteotgao|za
c|oooic|eWoudCoatc.
Loc|l we gec oac oi c|e coatc alcogec|et, we
s|oald teca|oc|e otocecc|oo oic|eCoooa|lyRes
etvac|oo aod oloc|all eotcsco c|tcamveoc |c.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) For extensive discussion of the history and meaning of the
World Court, by prominent legal scholars, see the World Court
Issue of L1W Today ( Summer, 1963 ) , official Journal of the
Independent Bar Association, 550 Fifth Avenue, New York 36,
N. Y. ; also three issues of this Report on "World Court and
World law," July and August, 1960.
( 2 ) Article m, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution of the
United States says, in part: "In all the other Cases before
mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction,
both as to law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such
Regulations as the Congress shall make."
( 3 ) Rel1iew of the United Nati01lS Chartet,' A Collection of Docu
ments, Senate Document No. 87, January 7, 1954, pp. 1 08-9
( 4) Law Today, Summer, 1963, p. 6, p. 2 1 , p. 1 5
( 5 ) Speech of U. S . Senator Russell B . long, Congt'essiolal Record
( daily ) , June 20, 1963, pp. 1 0624-33.
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Page 264
.
`
M
III Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 34
(Broadcast 41 9) August 26, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
SECOND ROLL CALLS, Vd
"I have said I do nol dread industrial corp01'atiom as imtmments of power 10 deslroy Ihis cOllnlry, because Ihere are a
thot/sand agencies which can regulate, resu'ain and control them; btll Ihere is a corporation we may all well dread. That
corporation is Ihe federal goverment.
"From the aggressions of Ihis corporation, Ihere can be no safely if il is allowed 10 go beyond Ihe well-defined limils
Of its power.
"I dread nothing so much as Ihe exercise of tmgranled and dOlblftll powers by this govemmenl. It is, in my opinion,
the danger of dangers to the futtlre of Ihis c011111ry.
"Let be s1lYe to keep it always within its lili1s. If Ihis great, ambitious, ever-growing corporalion become oppressive,
who shall check it ? If it become wa),ward, who shall control ;I ? If il become unjust, who shall Imst it?
"As sentinels 011 Ihe cONntry's walchtower, Senalors, I beseech y01l, watch and guard wilh sleepless dread Ihat corporation
which can make all property and righls, all slales and people, and al/ liberl)' and hope its playlhings in an h01.r, and its
victims forever." u. s. Senator Benj amin Harve
y Hi l l of Georg
i a
,
March 27, 1 878
1ete|o ate tabalated t|e secood gtoao oi tol| ca|l votes iot t|e I|tst :ess|oo oi t|e sst|
Coogtess 7 toll calls |o t|e :eoate, , |o t|eHoase. Io t|e May 27, 1 963, Report ( I|tst koll
Calls, 1 963" ) , we tabalated 6 toll calls |o t|e :eoate, 7, |ot|eHoase.
Comoat|og oetceotages oo all toll calls tabalated todate ( 1 3 |ot|e:eoate, 1 2 |ot|eHoase, ,
we fod t|at, |o t||s I|tst :ess|oo oi t|e sst| Coogtess, oo Lo|ted :tates :eoatot |as a 1 00ro
coost|tat|ooal|st vot|og scote. Ooly 1 ( Batty Ge|cwatet , |as 90ro ot bettet. Ooly 1 5 >eoatots
|ave a coost|tat|ooal|stvot|og scoteoi 70ro otbettet (oi t|ese l , 1 0 ate keoabl|caos , . Io t|e
Hoase, z) keoteseotat|ves |ave voted 1 00ro coost|tat|ooa||st ( 27 oi t|emkeoab||cao, , 1 62 |ave
70ro ot bettet ( oi t|ese 162, 141 ate keoabl|caos , .
Io a co|amo oabl|s|ed)aly 7, 1 963, WaltetL|oomaoocomola|oedt|att|esst|Coogtess,aitet
s|x moot|s, |ad oot eoacted aoy maj ot leg|slat|oo, t|at t|eCoogtessseems s|c|, oatalyzed, ao
able to act , t|at |i t|e stalemate coot|oaes, somet||og mast be dooe aboat it.
6441 Gaston Avenue) . Subscription rates : $10.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
Page 265
L|oomaoo (amembetoic|eCoaoc|looIote|go
Relac|oos , |s ao |dol, ||g| ot|esc, aod soo|es
mao oi leicw|og |ocelleccaals w|o waoc a d|cca
cots||o oi c|e el|ce |o c||s coaocty. ' lo ia|l.og
co aootove c|e Keooedy leg|slac|ve otogtam, c|e
Coogtess |as, c|as iat, slowed dowo oat ad
vaoce cowatd sac| a d|ccacots||o.
T|as, coosc|cac|ooal coosetvac|ves cao tejo.ce
ovetc|ecood.c.ooc|accaases Walcet L|oomaoo
cooceto. T|e oteseoc Coogtess ( c|oag| c|e :eo
acevoc|ogtecotd |s wotsec|ao w|eo weteootced
c|e I|tsc Roll Calls, l)6May z , is slow
|og dowo c|e soc.al|sc tevolac|oo. lc .s sc|ll c|e
besc Coogtess we |ave |ad iot a loog c|me.
Feed Grai ns, 1963
lo Aot|l z , l )6, c|e Hoase oassed HR
4)), exceod|og Keooedys Ieed Gta|os otogtam
iot z mote yeats T|e :eoace oassed c|e B|ll oo
May l6, l )6, by a scaod oi ) co 4l . Ptes|deoc
Keooedy s|goed .c as PLssz6, ooMay zc. T||s
otogtam, g|v|og govetomeoc cooctol oi c|e ieed
gta|os .odascty, |s a bac|doot aootoac| co gov
etomeo: cooctol oi c|e l|vescoc| |odascty. T|e
Hoase voce oo c|e Ieed Gta|os otogtam was
cabalaced |o c|e May z, l )6, |ssae oi c||s Re
port, I|tscRollCalls, l )6. T|e:eoace voce |s
tecotded below |o Colamo , aodet Senate a
C |od|cac|og a coosetvac|ve scaod against.
Si lver Legi sl ati on
lo Aot|l l c, l )6, c|e Hoase oassed HR
s). T|e :eoace oassed |c oo May z , by a
scaod oi s4 co i , aod c|e Ptes|deoc s|goed |c
|oco law as PL ss 6 oo )aoe 4.
T||sAcc ( el|m|oac|ogs|lvetbac||ogiot l aod
zdollat b|lls, teolac|og c|em w|c| Iedetal Re
setve ooces w||c| ate saooosed co |ave a itac
t|ooalgoldbac||og, w|llcaasea|eav|etdta|ooo
oat mooecaty gold esetve, alteady mote c|ao
cocally motcgaged co iote|goets.
T|e Hoasevoceoo c||s :|lvet B|ll wascaba
laced |o c|e May z, l )6, |ssae oi c||s Report.
T|e :eoace voce |s s|owo below |o Colamo s,
aodet Senate C |od|cac|og a coosetvac|ve voce
against.
Mental Faci l ities Act
lo May z, )6, c|e :eoace, by a scaod oi
) co l , oassed : l 6 (KeooedysMeocal Iac|l
|c|esAccoi l )6 , aac|ot.z. og ss4s. m|ll|oo iot
a l cyeat otogtam oigtaocs co ot|vace, scace, aod
oabl|c |osc|cac|oos iot .
(l , coos:tacc|oooiceocetscoooeccedw|c|ao|
vets|c|esaod|oso|calsiotteseatc| |ococ|ecaases
oimeocaltecatdac|oo,aodcteacmeocoisac|cases ,
( z , coosctacc|oo oi commao|cy ceocets iot cate
aod cteacmeocoimeocal oac|eocs , ( , oatcoic|e
sca|ogcoscsoicommao|cymeocal |ealc|ceocets ,
aod ( +, cta.o|ogoiceac|etsoimeocallytecatded,
meocally |ll aod meocally |aod|caooed c||ldteo.
T|e gtaocs woald be oo a macc||og bas|s,
w|c|c|eiedetalgovetomeocoay|og7,| omosc
|oscaoces.
T|elooed|sseocetwasReoabl|cao:eoacotCatl
T. Catc|s oi Nebtas|a :eoacots )o|o G. Towet
(Reoabl|cao, Texas , aod Hatty Ilood Bytd
(Democtac, V|tg|o|a, , d|d ooc ca|e a oabl|c
scaod ooc|eb|ll.
T|e:eoacescaod|scabalacedbelow| oColamo
)aodetSenate C|od.cac|ogacoosetvac|vevoce
against. T|e B|ll |s sc|ll |o Comm|ccee |o c|e
Hoase.
T|e Teo:| Ameodmeoc oto||b|cs c|e Iedetal
govetomeocitomexetc|s|ogoowetsoocdelegace1
co |c by c|e Coosc|cac|oo. T|e Coosc|cac|oo dele
gaces oo oowet co c|e iedetal govetomeoc co u
oaocemeocal iac|l|c|esiotot|vace,scace, otoabl|c
|osc|cac|oos. Heoce, c|e B|ll ( | i evet aootoved
by :|e HosC and signed into law) will violate
c|e Coosc|cac|oo.
Page 266
Nati onal Debt I ncrease
lo May l , l )6, t|e Hoase, by a staod o|
z l to zcs, oassed HR 6cc), aat|ot|z|og t|e
Ptes|deot to ta|se t|e oat|ooal debt l|m|t, tem
ootat|ly, to c) b|ll|oo dollats. T|e :eoate
oassedt|eB|llooMayzs, byastaodo| l to zs.
Ptes|deot Keooedy s|goed |t oo May z) as PL
ssc. T|e :eoate toll call oo t||s measate |s
tabalated below |oColamo l c, aodetSenate; t|e
Hoase toll call, |o Colamo ), aodet House. C
|od|cates a coosetvat|ve staod against ta|s|og t|e
debt l|m|t
T|ete |s gtow|og tes|staoce to t||s ||od o|
uscal |ttesooos|b|l|ty, aodgtov|og teseotmeot o|
Keooedy adm|o|sttat|oootessatetec|o|qaes. T|e
closevote |o t|e Hoase oo May l |od|cates t|at
t|e Hoase may te|ase aoot|et temootaty ta|s
|og o|t|edebt l|m|t t||s yeat.
Disarmament Agency Funds
lo )aoe l , l )6, t|e :eoate, bya staod o|
) to l , oassed : . aat|ot|z|og a t:cm. ll |oo
aootoot|at|oo |ott|eLo|ted :tatesAtms Coottol
aod D|satmameotAgeocy. T||s |s a l cc oetceot
|octease |o t|e Ageocy s |aods.
:eoatot Itao| ). Laasc|e ( Democtat, O||o, ,
|otced ao ameodmeot to t|e B|ll to assate t|at
leg|slat|oo teqa|t|og oo|y a maj ot|ty vote o| t|e
Coogtess coald oot b|od t|e Lo|ted :tates to a
d|satmameot agteemeot, aod |att|et, t|at aoy
d|satmameotagteemeot mast be sabm|tted to t|e
:eoate |o accotdaoce v|t| t|e Coost|tat|oo.
veo Democtat :eoatot ). W|ll|am Ialbt|g|t
oteseoted ao ameodmeot (adooted, w||c| ote
veots t|e D|satmameot Ageocy |tom otooagao
d|z|og |ot leg|slat|oo. Ialbt|g|t ||oted t|at t||s
vas t|etesalto| a ||g|ly otgao|zed camoa|go
atg|og ||s Iote|go Relat|oos Comm|ttee to
ao
otove : w|t|oat ameodmeots Ialbtg|t
added t|at oo ot|et leg|slat|oo ot tteaty |as
otovo|edqa|tesac|act|v|ty.
T|e :eoate staod |s tecotded below |oColamo
l l aodet Senate C |od|cat|og a coosetvat|ve
staod against. T|e B|ll |s oeod|og |o t|e Hoase.
Export-I mport Bank
lo May l , l)6, t|e Hoaseoassed HRsz
byvo|ce vote. Oo)aoe z4, t|e :eoate oassed a
d|eteot vets|oo o|t|e B|ll by a staod o| s to l
:eoatot :ttom T|atmood (Democtat, :oat|
Catol|oa , , t|e looe d|sseotet. T|e:eoatevote |s
tecotded below |o Colamo l z aodet Senate.
l| Hoase aod :eoate caooot el|m|oate d|et
eoces beteeo t|e|t two vets|oos, t|e B|ll caooot
becomelaw, +od t|exoottlmoottBao| (w||c|
o|c|ally exo|ted )aoe c, l)6 , w|ll go oat o|
ex|steoce. T||s woald close at least ooe gao|og
|ole t|toag| w||c| oat tax mooey ooats |ot
aocoost|tat|ooal oatooses.
Bot| :eoate aod Hoase vets|oos o| HR sz
woald exteod t|e xoottlmoott Bao| |ot ao
ot|et uve yeats T|e Hoase vets|oo, |owevet,
woald eod bac|doot uoaoc|og o| t|e Bao|.
Heteto|ote ( |ot zs yeats , , t|e Bao| |as beeo
aat|ot|zedtobottowaoto 6b|ll |oo dollats|tom
t|e Lo|ted :tates Tteasaty, w|t|oat aoy Act o|
Aootoot|at|oo by Coogtess, alt|oag| t|e Coo
st|tat|oo ( Att|clel, :ect|oo), Claase , otov|des
t|atoomooeys|allbedtawo|tomt|eTteasaty,
bat |o cooseqaeoce o| aootoot|at|oos made by
law T|e :eoate vets|oo o| HR sz woald
exteod t|e aat|ot|zat|oo |ot aocoost|tat|ooal
bac|doot uoaoc|og o| t|exoottlmoottBao|,
aodta|set|e l|m|tto s b|ll|oo dollats.
Oojaly), l)6, t|eHoase ( by staod|ogvote,
aoao|moasly adooted a Resolat|oo |osttact|og
HoaseCoo|eteesto |os|stoot|eHoasevets|ooo|
HRs: . Heoce,oatcomeo|t|eB|ll|saocetta|o.
Area Redevel opment
lo )aly lz, l)6, t|e Hoase, by a staod oi
z l4 to zc), de|eatedHR4))6, aB| llto aat|ot|ze
45 5 . 5 million dollars otexteos|ooaocexoaos|oo
o| t|e AteaRedeveloomeotAdm|o|sttat|ooao
Page 267
aocoosc|tac|ooal otogtam ( oi iedetal a|d co scaces
aod commao|c|es, |o|t|aced by Keooedy |o l )6l .
Oo )aoe z6, c|e :eoace, by a scaod oi 6) co c,
aootoved : l l 6, w||c| |s sabscaoc|a|ly c|esame
as HR 4))6 T|e Hoase |as oot yet acted oo
c|e :eoace B|||, aod c|e oaccome oi Atea Rede
veloomeoc leg|slat|oo |s aocetca|o T|e :eoace
voce |s tecotded be|ow |oColamo l , aodetSen
ate; c|eHoase vote, |oCo|amol z, aodet House.
C |od|cates a coosetvac|ve voce against.
Suppl emental Appropriations
lo May l4, l )6, c|e Hoase, bya scaod oi
z 4 co l4, oassed HR l , aootoot|ac|og
sl ,46, 4c, 4)l . cc co oay, iot vat|oas iedeta|
ageoc|es, exoeod|tates dat|og usca| l)6 |o ex
cess oi w|at was badgeted aod aootoot|ated iot
t|ose ageoc|es. T|e :eoace oassed HR l by
vo|ce vote oo May l , aod c|e Ptes|deot s|goed
|t as Pabl|c Law ss z oo May l . T|e Hoase
voce |s cabalaced below |o Co|amo s aodet ,
Hottse C|od|cac|ogacoosetvat|vevoteagainst.
W|eo iedetal ageoc|es cao soeod mote c|ao
aac|ot|zed aod c|eo gec saoolemeoca| aootoot|a
c|oos co meec c|e|t |llega| defc|cs, badgeccac
c|og aod coogtess|ooalcoocto|oi soeod|og be
come iatc|cal.
T|eoeediotsomeoic|eexoeod|tates|ovolved
cao be ||lasttaced by aTette||, Texas. stoty. T|e
Tette|| sc|oo| system waoted iedeta| mooey iot
aoewaad|cot|am. L. :. Reoteseotac|veRayRob
etcs ( Democtat , ca||ed co L. :. Labot Deoatt
meococ|als, w|ocoodactedaoemoloymeotsat
vey aod dec|ated Tette|| a deotessed atea, eo
t|c|ed to Acce|etaced Pab||c Wot|s iaods. T|e
Acceletaced Pab||c Wot|s otogtam |s amoog
t|ose teqa|t|og saoo|emeota| aootoot|at|oos be
caase mote was soeoc c|ao aac|ot|zed |o l)6.
Tettel| |s eojoy|og boom|og otosoet|cy. Its c|t|
zeoswete oattaged at |av|og |c dec|ated a de
otessedatea. Meaow||le,sc|ooloac|a|s|adde
c|ded c|ey d|d ooc waoc iedetal mooey iot ao
aad|tot|am. Bat oocet|e w|ee|s oi bateaactacy
statcmov|og,t|eycaoootbestoooec. Aooateo:|y,
c|e Labot Deoatcmeoc caooot aoc|ass|iy Tettell
as a deotessed atea, aoless Tettel| ta|es Accelet
aced Pabl|c Wot|s iaods.
Powel l ' s I LO Trip
Adam C|aycoo Powe|| |s a L. :. Reoteseoca
c|veitomNew\ot| ( Democtac, aodalsooascot
i t|e latgesc oegto c|atc| |o t|e wotld ( Bao

t.st, . Powel||soocot|oasiot||sassoc|at|oosw|t|
mote c|ao l cc commao|st aod commao|sc itoot
acc|v|c|es, aod iot ||s coats oi iote|go o|g|cclabs,
ac caxoayets exoeose, w|t| ||s sectecat|es.
oMayl4, l )6, c|e Hoaseteiased coaooto
otace mooey to seod Powe|l ( aod ot|ets, to a
cooieteoce oi t|e Iotetoat|ooal Labot Otgao|za
c|oo|oGeoeva T|e:caceDeoattmeoct|eteaooo
aoooaoced c|at |t voald ase its cax mooey to
seod Pove|l to Geoeva. Noc to be oacdooe t|e ,
Hoase,
oo May z) ( by a staod oi z co z ,
aac|otzed mooey iot Powe| | s ct|o. T||s Hoase
vote |s taba|aced be|ow |o Co|amo l c aodet ,
House C|ad|cac|ogacoosetvat|vevoceagainst.
Reorgani zation Pl ans
lo )aoe 4, l )6, t|e Hoase, by a staod oi
z to i sz, ameoded t|e Reotgao|zat|oo Acc oi
l )4), cooto||b|tc|ePtes|deotitomcteat|og oew
execac|ve deoattmeots by mete|y teotgao|z|og
t|e execac|ve establ|s|meoc. By t||s meaos
L|seo|owet cteated t|e Deoattmeot oi Hea|t|,
dacac|oo, aod Weliate |o l ) , by t||s same
meaos Keooedy |as beeo cty|og to cteate a oew
Deoattmeot oi Ltbao Aua|ts.
T|eHoasevote |s taba|ated below |oColamo
l l , aodet House C |od|cac|og a coosetvac|ve
scaodfor t|eadoocedameodmeottoc|eReotgao
|zat|oo Act. T||s measate |s oeod|og |o t|e :eo-
ace, |cs oaccome aocetta|o.
FOOTNOTE
( 1 ) The Elite and the Elertorate-Is GOtemmelt by the People
Possible? by U. S. Senators Joseph S. Clark ( Democrat, Penn
s
lvania ) and J. Will iam Fulbright ( Democrat, Arkansas ) ;

PIerre Mendes France, Robert C. Weaver, and others. The Fund
for the Republ i c. Inc.. 1963. For a discussion of this publica
tion, the American communist party's May, 1963, policy state
ment, and other materials on this subject, see this Report,
"The Edifice of liberty," July 22, 1963.
Page 268
A 'L' ' indicates a conservative stand. An i l L" indicates a liberal stand. An ' ' L' ' indicates that the legislator did not take a public stand.
S E NA T E
Column #7 - - Feed Grains Act, HR 4997; #8 - Repeal of 1 934 Silver Purchase Act and Silver-backed Dollars , HR 5389; #9 - Mental
Facilities Act, S 1 576; # 1 0 - National Debt Increase, HR 6009; # 1 1 - Disarmament Agency Funds , S 777; # 1 2 -- Export-Import Bank extension
and funds , HR 3872 ; # 1 3 - - Area Redevelopment Act, S 1 1 63
ALABAMA
Hill, Lister (D)
Sparkman, John J . (D)
ALASKA
Bartlett, E . L. (D)
Gruening, Ernest (D)
ARIZONA
Goldwater, Barry (R)
Hayden, Carl (D)
ARKANSAS
Fulbright, J: William (D)
McClellan, John L. (D)
CALIFORNIA
Engle, Clair (D)
Kuchel, Thomas H. (R)
COLORADO
Allott, Gordon (R)
Dominick, Peter H. (R)
CONNECTICUT
Dodd, Thomas J. (D)
Ribicoff, Abraham A. (D)
DELAWARE
Boggs , J. Caleb (R)
Williams , John J. (R)
FLORIDA
Holland, Spes sard L. (D)
Smathers , George A. (D)
GEORGIA
Russ ell, Richard B . (D)
Talmadge, Herman E. (D)
HAWAII
Fong, Hiram L. (R)
Inouye, Daniel K. (D)
IDAHO
rch, Frank (D)
Jordan, Len B. (R)
ILLINOIS
Dirksen, Everett M. (R)
Douglas , Paul H. (D)
INDIANA
Bayh, Birch (D)
Hartke , R. Vance (D)
IOWA
-ckenlooper, Bourke B. (R)
Miller , Jack (R)
KANSAS
-son, Frank (R)
Pearson, James B. (R)
KENTUCKY
Cooper, John Sherman (R)
Morton, Thruston B. (R)
LOUISIANA
Ellender, Allen J . (D)
Long, Rus s ell B. (D)
MAINE
kie, Edmund S. (D)
Smith, Margaret Chase (R)
MARYLAND
Beall, J. Glenn (R)
Brewster, Daniel B. (D)
MASSACHUSETTS
Kennedy, Edward M. (D)
Saltonstall , Leverett (R)
MICHIGAN
Hart, Philip A. (D)
McNamara, Pat (D)
MINNESOTA
Humphrey, Hubert H. (D)
McCarthy, Eugene J. (D)
MISSISSIPPI
Eastland, James O. (D)
Stennis , John (D)
MISSOURI
Long, Edward V. (D)
Symington, Stuart (D)
7
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
C
C
C
L
L
C
C
C
L
L
L
C
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
C
C
C
C
8
L
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L L
C L
L L
L L
L L
C L
C
C
L
C
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
C
L
L
C
C
L
L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L C
L C
L L
L L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L L L
L L L
L L C
L L L
L L L
L L L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
o
C
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
o
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
C
L
C
C
C
L
L
C
C
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L
L
C
C
C
C
L L
L L
L C
L L
L L
L L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
L
C
L
L
L
MONTANA
Mansfield, Michael J. (D)
Metcalf, Lee (D)
NEBRASKA
Curti s, Carl T. (R)
Hruska, Roman L. (R)
NEVADA
Bibl e, Alan (D)
Cannon, Howard W. (D)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Cotton, Norris (R)
McIntyre, Thomas J . (D)
NEW JERSEY
Cas e , Clifford P. (R)
Williams , Harrison A. , Jr. (D)
NEW MEXICO
Anderson, Clinton P. (D)
Mechem, Edwin L. (R)
NEW YORK
Javits , Jacob K. (R)
Keating, Kenneth B . (R)
NORTH CAROLINA
Ervin, Sam J . , Jr. (D)
Jordan, B. Everett (D)
NORTH DAKOTA
Burdick, Quentin N. (D)
Young, Milton R. (R)
OHIO
--usche , Frank J. (D)
Young, Stephen M. (D)
OKLAHOMA
Edmondson, J. Howard (D)
Monroney, A. S. (Mike) (D)
OREGON
Morse, Wayne (D)
Neuberger, Maurine B. (D)
PENNSYLVANIA
Clark, Jos eph S . , Jr. (D)
Scott , Hugh (R)
RHODE ISLAND
Pastore , John O. (D)
Pell, Claiborne (D)
SOUTH CAROLINA
Johnston, Olin D. (D)
Thurmond, Strom (D)
SOUTH DAKOTA
McGovern, George (D)
Mundt , Karl E. (R)
TENNESSEE
Gore , Albert (D)
Kefauver, Estes (D)
TEXAS
-- er, John (R)
Yarborough, Ralph W. (D)
UTAH
nnett , Wallace F. (R)
Mos s , Frank E. (D)
VERMONT
Aiken, George D. (R)
Prouty, Winston L. (R)
VIRGINIA
Byrd, Harry Flood (D)
Robertson, A. Willis (D)
WASHINGTON
Jackson, Henry 1. (D)
Magnuson, Warren G. (D)
WEST VIRGINIA
Byrd, Robert C . (D)
Randolph, Jennings (D)
WISCONSIN
Nelson, Gaylord A. (D)
Proxmire, William (D)
WYOMING
McGee, Gale W. (D)
Simpson, Milward L . (R)
Page 269
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H O US E
Column H8 Supplemental Appropriations for 1 963 , HR DD1 , #9 National Debt Increase, HR 6009; # 1 0 LL. O. trip funds for Adam
Clayton Powell, H Res 368; # 1 1 Reorganization Plans, executive department ban, HR 3496; #1 2 Area Redevelopment Act, 4996
ALABAMA
Andrews , George W. (D)
Elliott, Carl (D)
Huddleston, George, Jr . (D)
Jone s , Robert E . (D)
Rains , Albert (D)
Roberts , Kenneth A. (D)
Selden, Armistead . , Jr . (D)
ALASKA
Rivers , Ralph J . (D)
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
Gathings , E. C . (D)
Harris , Oren (D)
Mill s, Wilbur D. (D)
Trimble , James W. (D)
CALIFORNIA
Baldwin, John F . , Jr. (R)
Bell, Alphonzo E. , Jr . (R)
Brown, George E . , Jr . (D)
Burkhalter , Everett G. (D)
Cameron, Ronald B. (D)
Claus en, Don H. (R)
Cohelan, Jeffery (D)
Gubs er, Charles S. (R)
Hagen, Harlan (D)
Hawkins , Augustus F. (D)
Holifield, Chet (D)
Hosmer , Craig (R)
King , Cecil R. (D)
Leggett , Robert L. (D)
Martin, Minor C . (R)
McFall, John J. (D)
Mill er, George P. (D)
Mos s , John E. (D)
Roosevelt, James (D)
Shelley, John F. (D)
Sisk, B. F. (D)
Smith, H. Allen (R)
Teague, Charles M. (R)
Utt, James B. (R)
Wilson, Bob (R)
Wilson, Charles H. (D)
COLORADO
Chenoweth, J. Edgar (R)
Rogers, Byron G. (D)
CONNECTICUT
Monagan, John S . (D)
St . Onge, William (D)
Sibal, Abner W. (R)
DELAWARE
McDowell, Harris B. , Jr . (D)
FLORIDA
Perrett . Charles E . ( D)
Cramer, William C. (R)
Fascell, Dante B. (D)
Fuqua, Don (D)
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FLORIDA (cont ' d)
Haley, James A. (D)
Matthews , D. R. (D)
Pepper , Claude (D)
Rogers , Paul G. (D)
Sikes , Robert L. F. (D)
GEORGIA
Davis , John W. (D)
Flynt , John J . , Jr. (D)
Forrester , E . L . (D)
Pilcher , J. L. (D)
Stephens, Robert G. , Jr. (D)
Tuten, J. Rus s ell (D)
Vinson, Carl (D)
HAWAII
-- Thomas P. (D)
IDAHO
ding, Ralph R. (D)
I LLINOIS
Arends , Leslie C . (R)
Collier , Harold R. (R)
Derwinski , Edward J. (R)
Findley, Paul (R)
Kluczynski, John C. (D)
Libonati, Roland V. (D)
McClory, Robert (R)
Michel, Robert H. (R)
O' Brien, Thomas J. (D)
Price, Melvin (D)
Pucinski, Roman C. (D)
Reid, Charlotte (R)
Rostenkowski , Daniel (D)
INDIANA
Adai r, E. Ross (R)
Brademas, John (D)
Bruce, Donald C . (R)
Harvey, Ralph (R)
Madden, Ray J. (D)
Roush, J. Edward (D)
Wilson, Earl (R)
IOWA
-omwell, James E . (R)
Gros s , H. R. (R)
Jensen, Ben F. (R)
Kyl, John H. (R)
Schwengel , Fred (R)
Smith, Neal (D)
KANSAS
Avery, William H. (R)
Dol e, Robert (R)
Ellsworth, Robert . (K)
Shriver, Garner E. (R)
Skubitz, Joe (R)
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KENTUCKY
Chelf, Frank (D)
Natcher, William H. (D)
Perkins, Carl D. (D)
Siler , Eugene (R)
Snyder, M. G. (R)
Stubblefi eld, Frank A. (D)
Watts , John C. (D)
LOUISIANA
Boggs , Hale (D)
Hebert, F. Edward (D)
Long, Gillis W. (D)
Passman, Otto E . (D)
Willi s , Edwin E . (D)
MAINE
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McIntire, Clifford G. (R) C
Tupper, Stanley R. (R) L
MARYLAND
Fallon, George H. (D) L
Friedel, Samuel N. (D) L
Garmatz, Edward A. (D) L
Lankford, Richard E. (D) L
Long, Clarence D. (D) L
Mathias, Charles McC . , Jr . (R) L
Morton, Rogers C. B. (R) C
Sickles , Carlton R. (D) L
MASSACHUSETTS
Bat es, William H. (R) C
Boland, Edward P. (D) L
Burke, James A. (D) L
Conte , Silvio O. (R) C
Donohue, Harold D. (D) L
Keith, Hastings (R) C
Macdonald, Torbert H. (D) L
McCormack, John W. (D) L
Martin, Jos eph W. , Jr. (R) 0
Mors e , F. Bradford (R) L
O' Neill, Thomas P. , J r . (D) L
Philbin, Philip J . (D) L
MICHIGAN
Bennett, John B. (R) L
Broomfield, William S . (R) C
Cederberg, Elford A. (R) C
Chamberlain, Charles E. (R) C
Diggs , Charles C . , Jr. (D) L
Dingell, John D. (D) L
Ford, Gerald R. , Jr. ( R) C
Griffin, Robert P. (R) C
Griffiths, Martha W. (D) L
Harvey, James (R) C
Hutchinson, Edward (R) C
Johansen, August E . (R) C
Knox, Victor A. (R) l
Lesinski , John (D) L
Meader, George (R) L
Nedzi, Lucien N. (D) L
O' Hara, James G. (D) L
Ryan, Harold M. (D) L
Staebler, Neil (D) L
MINNESOTA
Blatnik, John A. (D) L
Fras er, Donald M. (D) L
Karth, Joseph E . (D) L
Langen, Odin (R) C
MacGregor , Clark (R) C
Nelsen, Ancher (R) C
Olson, Alec G. (D) L
Qui e, Albert H. (R) C
MISSISSIPPI
Abernethy, Thomas G. (D) L
Colmer, William M. (D) L
Whitten, Jamie L. (D) L
Williams, John Bell (D) C
Winstead, Arthur (D) C
MISSOURI
Bolling, Richard (D) L
Cannon, Clarence (D) L
Curtis , Thomas B. (R) C
Hall, Durward G. (R) C
Hull, W. R. , Jr. (D) L
Ichord, Richard (D) L
9
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MISSOURI (cont' d)
Jone s , Paul C. (D)
Randall, William J . (D)
MONTANA
Battin, James !. (R)
Olsen, Arnold (D)
NEBRASKA
Beermann, Ralph F . (R)
Cunningham, Glenn ( R)
Martin, Dave (R)
NEVADA
Baring, Walter S. (D)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Wyman, Louis C. ( R)
NEW JERSEY
Auchinclos s , James C . (R)
Cahill , William T. (R)
Daniels , Dominick V. (D)
Gallagher, Cornelius E . (D)
Minish, Jos eph G. (D)
Osmers , Frank C. , Jr. (R)
Patten, Edward J . , Jr . (D)
Rodino, Peter W . , Jr. (D)
Thompson, Frank, Jr . (D)
NEW MEXICO
Morris , Thomas G. (D)
NEW YORK
Carey, Hugh L. (D)
Celler, Emanuel (D)
Dulski, Thaddeus J. (D)
Fino, Paul A . (R)
Grover, James R . , Jr. (R)
Healey, James C . (D)
Horton, Frank J. (R)
Kelly, Edna F. (D)
Keogh, Eugene J. (D)
Kilburn, Clarence E . (R)
King, Carleton J. (R)
Murphy, John M. (D)
Pike , Otis G. (D)
Pirnie , Alexander (R)
Powell, Adam C . (D)
Reid, Ogden R. (R)
Rooney, John J. (D)
Rosenthal, Benjamin S. (D)
St. George, Katharine (R)
Wydl er, John W. (R)
NOR TH CAROLINA
Bonner, Herbert C. (D)
Fountain, L. H. (D)
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NORTH CAROLINA (con' t)
Jonas, Charles Raper (R)
Lennon, Alton (D)
Scott, Ralph J. (D)
Taylor, Roy A. (D)
Whitener , Basil L. (D)
NORTH DAKOTA
Nygaard, Hjalmar C. ( R)
Short, Don L. ( R)
OHIO
-; ele, Horer E . (R)
Ayres , William H. (R)
Betts , Jackson E. (R)
Bow, Frank T. (R)
Brown, Clarence J . (R)
Devine, Samuel L. (R)
Harsha, William H. , Jr. ( R)
Hays , Wayne L. (D)
Minshall, William E . (R)
Mosher , Charles A. (R)
Rich, Carl W. (R)
OKLAHOMA
Albert, Carl (D)
Belcher, Page (R)
Edmondson, Ed (D)
Jarman, John (D)
Steed, Tor (D)
OREGON
Green, Edith (D)
Norblad, Walter (R)
Ullman, Al (D)
PENNSYLVANIA
Byrne, James A. (D)
Clark, Frank M. (D)
Curtin, Willard S. (R)
Dague, Paul B. (R)
Dent, John H. (D)
Flood, Daniel J. (D)
Fulton, James G. (R)
Gavin, Leon H. (R)
Green, William J. , Jr. (D)
Kunkel, John C . (R)
Milliken, William H. , Jr . (R)
Nix, Robert N. C. (D)
Saylor, John P. (R)
Schweiker, Richard S. (R)
Toll, Herman (D)
Weaver, James D. (R)
Whalley, J. Irving (R)
RHODE ISLAND
Fogarty, John E . (D)
St. Germain, Fernand J. (D)
SOUTH CAROLINA
Ashmore, BOlrt T. (D)
Dorn, W. J. Bryan (D)
8
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SOUTH CAROLINA (cont 'd)
SOUTH DAKOTA
Berry, E . Y . (R)
Reifel, Ben (R)
TENNESSEE
Baker, Howard H. (R)
Bas s , Ross (D)
Davi s , Clifford (D)
Everett , Robert A. (D)
Evins , Joe L. (D)
Fulton, Richard (D)
Murray, Tor (D)
TEXAS
r , Bruce (R)
Brooks , Jack (D)
Burleson, Omar (D)
Casey, Robert R. (D)
Dowdy, John (D)
Foreman, Ed (R)
Kilgore, Joe M. (D)
Patman, Wright (D)
Poage , William R. (D)
Pool, Joe (D)
Purcell , Graham (D)
Roberts , Ray (D)
Rogers, Walter (D)
Teague, Olin E. (D)
Thomas, Albert (D)
Thornberry, Homer (D)
Wright, James C . (D)
Young, John (D)
UTAH
rton, Laurence J. (R)
VERMONT
Stafford, Robert T. (R)
VIRGINIA
Abbitt , Watkins M. (D)
Broyhill, Joel T. (R)
Downing, Thomas N. (D)
Hardy. Porter, Jr. (D)
Jennings, W. Pat (D)
Marsh, John 0. , Jr. (D)
WASHINGTON
Horan, Walt (R)
May, Catherine (R)
Tollefson, Thor C. (R)
Westland, Jack (R)
WEST VIRGINIA
Hechler , Ken (D)
Kee, Elizabeth (D)
Stagger s , Harley O. (D)
WISCONSIN
O' Konski, Alvin E. ( R)
Reus s , Henry S. ( D)
Schadeberg, Henry L. ( R)
Thomson, Vernon W. ( R)
Van Pelt , William K. (R)
Zablocki , Clement J. (D)
WYOMING
Page 272
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M
Itl Smoot Repoft
Vol. 9, No. 35 ( Broadcast 420) September 2, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
STOP WI THHOLDI NG
DAN SMOOT
loMatc| 3, 1 91 0, c|eV|tg|o|aLeg|slacatedebacedc|eoeod|ogs|xceeoc|coosc|cac|ooalameod
meocw||c| woald allow c|e iedetal govetomeoccolayaoaotesc:lcceddltecccaxooc|eoeoole.
A tesola:|oo|ad beeooassed byc|e :|xcyftsc Coogtess (oo)aly12, 1 909) cosabm|cc|e:|xceeoc|
Ameodmeoc co c|e scaces iot tac|fcac|oo. k|c|atd.Bytd ( :oea|etoic|eV|tg|o|aHoaseoiDele
gaces,aodiac|etoic|eoteseoc:eoacotHattyI. Bytd, oted|cced c|ac a iedetal |ocome cax woald
becomec|e desctoyetoi l|betcy aod coosc|cac|ooal govetomeoc. He sa|d
"The 1 6th Amendment means that the state must give up legitimate and long established
sources of revenue and yield it to the Federal Government .
"It means that the state actually invites the Federal Government t o invade its territory . . .
and to establish Federal dominion within the innermost citadel of reserved rights . . . . A hand
from Washington will be stretched out and placed upon every man's business . . . .
"Heavy fnes imposed by distant and unfamiliar tribunals will constantly menace the taxpayer.
"An army of Federal inspectors, spies and detectives will descend upon the State. They will
compel men of business to show their books and disclose the secrets of their afairs. They will
dictate forms of bookkeeping. They will require statements and afdavits. On the one hand,
the inspector can blackmail the taxpayer and on the other, he can proft by selling his secret
to his competitor.
"When the Federal government gets a strangle hold on the individual businessman, state
lines will exist nowhere but on the maps. Its agents will everywhere supervise the commercial
life of the states. "( l )
V|tg|o|a teiased co tac|iy c|e Ameodmeoc, bacc|teeioatc|soic|escacesd|d,aod,ooIebtaaty
. , 1 91 3, c|e :|xceeoc| Ameodmeoc was iotmall y otoclalmec a oatc oi c|e Coosc|cac|oo. T|e
Amet|cao coosc|cac|ooal syscem was c|eteby tad|cally alceted. T|e iedetal govetomeoc was oo
looget a limited gove:omeoc . |c oow |ad l|m|clessaccessco c|e wealc| oic|e oeoole.
copy for 25; 6 for $1 .00; 50 for $5. 50; 100 for $10.00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 273
The Roosevel t Years
Poc aoc|l 20 yeats aicet c|e locome Tax
Ameodmeoc was adooced d|d collecc|v|scs ially
teal|ze c|acc|ey |ad acqa|ted c|e meaos oi coo
vetc|ogc|e iedetalgovetomeoc |oco aoalloowet
iald|ccacots||o T|eyoeededa leadetw|ocoald
w|osaoootcbycoov|oc|ogc|eoeoolec|accollec
c|v|scool|c|eswoaldotomocec|egeoetal weliate
Itao|l|o D Roosevelc was sac| a leadet. T|e
NewDealwasoocooeyeatold,|owevet, beiote
c|e oeoole begaoco teal|ze c|ac c|ey themselves,
aod ooc someooe e|se, wete be|og caxed iot
beoei|cs w||c| soaoded good |o a I|tes|de C|ac
bacseemeda doabcial batga|ow|eotece|ved.
Roosevelc was qa|c| co teal|ze c|ac |i yoa |m
oose coo mac| cax oo c|e oeoole co oay iot c|e
beoeucs otom|sed, c|ey ceodco comola|o aboac
c|ecaxaod iotgecc|e beoeucs.
Ioaoeotccosaiegaatdc|egovetomeoc sab|l
|cycooet motebeoeucs w|c|oac|octeased caxa
c|oo, Roosevelc coo| cwo bold sceos. He teoad|
aced c|e govetomeocs oledgeco tedeem |cs owo
catteocy |o gold, aod made c|e oeoole cato |o
c|e|tgold iot a c|eaoeoed oaoet catteocy ( vasc
qaaoc|c|es oiw||c| wete oamoed |oco c|e bao|
|og syscem, , aod |e |osc|caced ao exoed|eoc sys
cemoideuc|cuoaoc|ogbottow|ogitom iacate
geoetac|oosco oay iot|aodoacscooteseocvocets
Deuc|c uoaoc|og caases |oilac|oo W|eo |c
scatcs, |o1ac|oo oiceo seems co |elo c|eecooomy.
Mooey|sc|eaoetaodmoteabaodaoc ,|eoce,oeo
ole soeod |c mote iteely, c|as sc|malac|og eco
oom|c acc|v|cy. Bac, beiote loog, oldet oeoole
l|v|og oo oeos|oos ot i|xed |ocomes aod oeoole
l|v|og oo salat|es w||c| wete iotmetly adeqaace
all beg|o co saet, becaase c|e|t | ocomes w|ll
ooc bay as mac| as beiote T|e|t dollats |ave
beeo c|eaoeoed by |o1ac|oo.
W|eoc||s|aooeoed, NewDea|ool|c|c|aosbe
gao co loseoooalat|cyc|ey|adboag|cby deuc|c
aoaoc|og:og|ve c|e oeoolebeoeucsw||c| wete
saooosed co be oa|d iot by someooe e|se. Pol|c|
c|aos, cty|ogcoaooeasevocets, eoacced m|o|mam
wagelaws, iotc|og some emoloyets co oay wages
above c|e iteemat|ec level T|ey gave |ocetoa
c|ooalao|oosc|esaocc|oooilawcoiotce|odascty
w|de wage ta|ses :ac| measates d|d g|ve cem
ootaty tel|ei co some vocets w|o |ad beeo |atc
by |o1ac|oo T|e tel|ei vao|s|ed. |owevet, aod
cood|c|oosgtew wotsew|eoot|cestose (as c|ey
|ad codo, co|eeo oace w|c| wages w||c| gov
etomeocwas iotc|og aowatd.
J|e sqaaodet|og oi oabl|c iaods, w||c| dei
|c|c uoaoc|og |ad, iot a w||le, made oa|oless,
begao co|atcwotsec|aocaxes Pol|c|c|aos wete
iotced co |moose|eav|et caxes :ooo, oeoole be
gaocoteal|zec|aciteebeoeucs itomgovetomeoc
wetevety exoeos|ve |odeed, becaase iedetal caxes
wete cosc|og mote c|ao iood, cloc||og, ot oc|et
esseoc|als oi l|ie How cao yoa |eeo caxoayets
itomtebell|ogw|eocaxes ||c so|atd ? Ooeway
|scoca|ec|e|tmooeyawayitomc|ema l|ccleaca
c|me,beiotec|eyevetgecc|e|t|aodsoo|c. Nevet
|av|og oossessed ot eveo seeo c|e mooey, maoy
caxoayets oevet teal|ze c|ac |c accaally |s ca|eo
away itom c|em
Iol )4l , c|elaceBeatdsleyRaml (aNewDeal
ecooom|sc , dev|sed sac| a olaoc|e w|c||old
|ogcax, a oayasyoago syscem w||c| iotces c|e
emoloyet co collecc |ocome cax beiote c|e em
oloyeegecs||ssalatyc|ec|( 2)
Ptes|deoc Roosevelc aod ||s :ectecaty oi c|e
Tteasaty ( Heoty Motgeoc|aa, wete del|g|ced
w|c| c|e kaml olao Icseemed a oetiecc way co
el|m|oace oooalat comola|ocs aga|osc ||g| aod
t|s|og caxes ma|ecaxoay|ogsooa|olessc|accax
oayets woald ooc teal|ze c|e|t caxes wete ||g|
aodt|s|og
T|ete was a ilaw | o c|e sc|eme |c |s aocoo
sc|cac|ooal.
T|eT||tceeoc| Ameodmeocsays .
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, ex
cept as a punishment for crime whereof the party
shall have been duly convicted, shall exist with
in the United States . . . .
Slavety and involuntary servitude mean, esseo
c|al|y, iotc|og someooe, aga|osc ||sw|ll, co wotl
ot setve.
Page 274
W|eoaoemo|oyet|siotce1tosetveastaxco|
|ectotao1boo||eeoetiott|egovetomeotw|t|
oatoaymeot iot ||s t|meao1exoeose,ao1 ao1et
t|teatoiseveteoeoa|tyiotettot|oobsetv|ogcom
||cate1 ao1 toiase a1m|o|sttat|ve ta|es ao1 te
qa|temeotsmostcetta|o|y|ovo|aotatysetv|ta1e
|asbeeo|moose1oo||mby||sowogovetomeot.
T|eI|it|Ameo1meotsays .
". . . nor shall any person be . . . deprived of
life, liberty, or property, without due process of
law . . . .
Iiyoacomoe|emo|oyetsto 1e1actmooey itom
emo|oyees oay c|ec|s iot taxes t|at ate oot 1ae
w|eot|e1e1act|oos atema1e, ao1 |i (as |s t|e
case w|t| mote t|ao |a|i oi a|| wage eatoets ,
yoacome|t|e1e1act|oooimotemooeyt|aot|e
em|oyee w|||owe w|eo ||staxes ate 1aeyoa
cetta|o|y ate 1et|v|og t|ose emo|oyees oi t|e|t
otooetty ( mooey, , w|t|oat 1ae otocess oi |aw.
Rooseve|t, Motgeot|aa, ao1Ram|aot|c|oat
| og t|at Coogtess m|g|t tej ect a tax|og sc|eme
w||c| 1|1 sac| v|o|eoce to oat Coost|tat|oo
aooo|ote1 a gtoao oiexoetts ( 6|eatoe1 ecooo
m|sts , to oteoate a sta1y w||c| woa|1 s|ow t|e
meo oiCoogtess t|at a w|t||o|1|og tax |s oeces
saty |o t|e mo1eto wot|1, tegat1|ess oi w|at
t|e Coost|tat|oo otov|1es. New Dea' ecooom|sts
oteseote1 sac|a sta1y |o t|e sot|og oi 1 941 , bat
t|e Hoase Ways ao1 Meaos Comm|ttee tej ecte1
t|e w|t||o|1|ogtax o|ao aoyway.
Io Novembet, 1 941 , :ectetaty Motgeot|aa
ma1ea 1|tect |ea to t|eWays ao1 Meaos Com
m|ttee iot a v|t||o|1|og tax. Aga|o t|e Com
m|tteeteiase1 ,bat|oDecembet, 1 941 , t|eLo|te1
:tatesweottowat ,ao1Ptes|1eotRooseve|t|a1ao
emetgeocy w|t| w||c| to |ot|m|1a:e Coogtess.
at|y |o 1 942, Motgeot|aa aga|o as|e1 Coo
gtess iotaw|t||o|1|og |aw. T||s t|me, |eas|e1
oo|y iot a wat emetgeocy measateoot a
permanent w|t||o|1|og tax system.
He ca||e1 |ta V|ctoty Tax, a temporary sys
temto|e|ot|ewateott.
This approach was successful . The Revenue Ac:
oi1 942 ( Octobet2 1 , 1 942 , aat|ot|ze1afveet
ceotV|ctotyTax oogtoss|ocomesto bew|t|
|e|1itomsa|at|es.
T|e Catteot Tax Paymeot Act oi 1 943 ()aoe
9, 1 943 , aesotbe1 t|e temootaty w|t||o|1|og
tov|s|oo iot t|e V|ctoty Tax, ma||og |t et
maoeot ao1 aoo||cab|eto a|| ie1eta| tax oo oet
sooa| |ocomes.
The Hand from Washi ngton
1o Novembet, 1959, t|e Hoase Ways ao1
MeaosComm|ttee ( taxwt|t|ogcomm|tteeoiCoo
gtess , begao iotma| |eat|ogs oo t|e otoo|em oi
tev|s|ogoatie1eta|tax|ogsystem.W|toessesitom
|abot ao|oos, ao|vets|t|es, bas|oesses ao1 goveto
meota| ageo:|es geoeta||y agtee1 t|at t|e system
|s ao aooa|||og mess oi como||cate1 |oeqa|t|es ,
t|at |tst|1es |o|t|at|ve, wastes |amao eoetgy ao1
tesoatces, 1|stotts t|e oat|ooa| ecooomy, ao1 |as
a cottaot|og ao1 1ebas|og eect oo taxoayets.
Ast|egteatV|tg|o|aoaot|c|oate1 |o l )l c,t|at
Hao1 itom Was||ogtoo oow teac|es 1eeo |oto
evety ooc|et |o t|e oat|oo. Ao atmy oi ie1eta|
|osoectots,so|es,ao11etect|ves|as1esceo1e1ao
oot|estates tooteemot t|e|t |eg|t|mate soatces
oi teveoae, to meoace ao1 b|ac|ma|| some tax
oayets,gtaotiavotstoot|ets,ao11|ctateiotmsoi
oo||ee|og. T|toag|t|ecottaotao1 1esoo| ||og

acometaxsystem,t|eie1eta|govetomeot,aswas
ote1|cte1 5 3 yeatsago,|asasttaog|e|o|1oot|e
ecooomy. Yet, a|| eiiotts at teiotm ia|| , ot m|s
catty T||s |s |oev|tab|e, becaase t|e tag oi se
c|a| |otetestsma|es teiotm |mooss|b|e.
Kemembet t|e boo|s w||c| Hatty Ttamao
ao1Dw|g|tI|seo|owetwtote ? Ot|etoeoo|eoay
ot1|oaty|ocometaxoot|eotocee1soiw|att|ey
wt|te. :omet|mesawt|tetsttagg|es iot yeats, |os
|ogmooeyoo evety boo|, eat|og ao ||s sav|ogs ,
ao1 t|eo, ooe yeat, a boo| saccee1s ao1 eatos
s cc,ccc cc T|e govetomeot ta|es most oi |t
iot|ocometax ooa||owaoceiotyeatsoi|ossbe
||o1, ot iot |eao yeats a|ea1.
W|eo Ttamao ao1 |seo|owet wtote boo|s
:|a:eatoec |aoctecsoit|oasaocsoi1o||ats t|e ,
Iotetoa|Reveoae:etv|cegavesoec|a|1|soeosat|oo.
Page 275
Llseo|owetaodTtaoaowete oeto|ccedco teootc
eatologs oo c|elt boo|s ooc as otdloaty locooe
bac as caolcal galos. T|e legal otecexc ? Iocetoal
Reveoaetaled c|acTtaoaoaodLlseo|owetwete
ooc otoiesslooal wtlcets . c|ey wete aoaceats.
Io 1 959, c|e Iocetoal Reveoae :etvlce oade a
deal w|lc| eoabled Walcet Reac|et co seccle a
c|ltcyooe c|oasaod dollat iedetal cax clalo iot
slx |aodted aod iliceeo dollatsaod eoabled
z6oc|etocetsoic|eLAWCIOcoseccleoote
c|ao c|tee olllloo dollats lo iedetal cax clalos
iot less c|aoooe|aodted c|oasaod dollats.(4)
:ac| iavotlclso iot special caxoayetsobvloasly
olaces a |eavlet batdeo oo all oc|et caxoayets.
\ec, c|ete was |atdly a tloole oi otocesc aboac
c|ecaseslovolvlogTtaoao,L|seo|owet,aodWal
cetReac|et. :ac|casesoetelyscloalaceooteac
clvlcybyoc|et soeclal oetsoos aod soeclal locetesc
gtoaoscogecsoeclalcoosldetaclooiotc|eoselves.
T|as, oowetialaodlo1aeoc|aloeooleaodgtoaos
lo oat soclecy develoo a vesced locetesc lo c|e
cottaoc aod loeqalcable sysceo li they cao gec
soeclal iavots, they wlll be all tig|caod c|e
cax colleccots cao gec w|ac c|ey deoaod itoo
oc|ets. W|y do c|eothers oac aow|c| |c ? Mosc
oi c|e iedetal locooe cax ls collecced c|toag|
wlc||oldlog. Heoce oosc iedetal caxoayets ate
telaclvely lodleteoc aboac caxes. Wlc||oldlog
cooceals c|e iacc c|ac they ate oaylog iot iavotlc
lso,exctavagaoce,wasce,cottaocloo,aodsabsldles
co iotelgo dlccacots.
Wi thhol di ng is the Keystone
|oag| cleatly aocoosclcaclooal aod c|oag|
otlgloally adooced as a ceoootaty
oetge
cy
oeasate datlog Wotld Wat II, c|e w.c||oldmg
law |as teoaloedaoetoaoeoc,aod essential, iea
cateoic|eiedetallocooecaxsysceo. Ic|sc|e|ey
scooe w|lc| |eeos c|e sysceo itoo collaoslog.
Iclsc|eoetieccoeaosoi|eeologcaxoayetscoo
olaceocaod |odleteocaboac caxes.
A oao does not need to save and manage so
c|ac, ac c|e eod oic|eyeat, |ecaoglve goveto
oeocz ,ot4c,ot c7,oi|lseatologsiotc|e
w|oleyeat. All oic|ac|asbeeo dooebyc|eeo
oloyet, ac c|e employer'S exoeose. T|e avetage
wot|etoays|lccleacceocloococaxdedaccloositoo
|lsoayc|ec|. Headj ascs|loselico |lsca|e|ooe
oay. Iic|acsao ls losacleoc, |eaod |is iaolly
teseoc c|e eooloyet, ooc govetooeoc. T|ey dc
ooc deoaod lowet caxes c|ey deoaod |lg|et
wages. Nocooly c|e exoeose, bac c|e stigma, oi
caxcolleccloglsolacedooeooloyets, tac|et c|ao
oogovetooeoc.
T|ewlc||oldlog cax sysceo cao, lodeed, oa|e
caxesoleasaoc. IocetoalReveoae:etvlcesc|edales
teqalte eooloyets co dedacc ( oote oiceo c|ao
ooc , ootecaxesc|aoc|eeooloyeeowes. Ac c|e
eod oi c|e yeat, govetooeoc seods c|e eooloyee
a tebacea booas, blgget, lo olllloos oi cases,
c|ao aoy booas c|e eoo|oyet cao glve. T|as,
beoeuceoc govetooeoc glves bac| co wot|ets a
ootcloooic|eoooey w|lc| eooloyets ca|eaway
itooc|eo.
J|toag|oacc|eLolced:caces,eooloyets|ave.
iot yeats, ctled co uod sooe oeaos oi s|ow|og
eooloyees |ow c|ey ate belog tobbed by iedetal
caxes.
:ooe eooloyets dlsctlbace soeclal ooclces wlc|
all oay c|ec|s, calllog soecluc acceocloo co |ow
oac| c|e iedetal govetooeoc |as coooelled c|e
eooloyet co ca|e away itooc|e eooloyees, aod
eoaoetaclog sooe oic|eoteooscetoas aod |ato
ialiedetalotogtaosc|acc|eeooloyeesoooeyls
oay|og iot.
:ooeeooloyetsoayeooloyeesc|e|tiallwages
ac ooe wlodow, teqaltlog c|eo co go co aooc|et
window and oaybac|c|eaooaocw||c|c|e ied
etal cax colleccots deoaod as c|e|t s|ateoi evety
oao'swages.
A. G. Heloso|o, )t. , owoet aod oaoaget oi
C|eto|ee Texclle Mllls |o :evletvllle, Teooessee,
teceocly ased a oovel oeaos oi dta
aclzlog c|e
caxloadw|lc||lseooloyeesatecattymg.Ooooe
oay day ac C|eto|ee, eac| eooloyee wasglveoa
olasclcbagcoocalolog,losllvetdollats,c|eaooaoc
taken oacoi|ls c|ec| c|ac dav iot iedetal caxes.
T|e eooloyee coald ca|e c|e oooey |ooe aod
soeod lc, bac |ad co oay |c bac| oexc oay day.
Page 276
Allsac|eotcs1osomegoo1,bacooceooag|.
W|eoall wageeatoetsateallowe1cocolleccc|e|t
iall wages c|toag|oac c|e yeat ao1 ate c|eo te-
qa|te1, ac c|e eo1 oi c|e yeat, co oay c|e|t owo
ie1etal |ocome cax |o ooe samc|eo, ao1 ooly
c|eo, w|ll all wage eatoets ially teal|zew|acc|e
ie1etal cax colleccots ate 1o|ogco c|em.
Amaow|oma|es$5000. 00 ayeatao1|ascwo
1e1acc|oos iot 1eoeo1eocs cao a1j asc ||mseli co
$1 2. 80 w|c||el1iotie1etal|ocomecaxeac|wee|.
Bac lec ||m ca|e all oi ||s eato|ogs |ome eac|
wee|, ao1 c|eo, ac c|e eo1 oi c|e yeat, lec ||m
iace c|e otoblem oi ta|s|og $665 . 60 co oay ||s
ie1etal |ocomecax. T||swoal1cteace c|aos iot
c|e cax colleccots ao1 oto1ace mote cax 1el|o
qaeoc|esc|aoc|ecolleccotscoal1coaoc. Icwoal1
cteace w|1esotea1 tebell|oo aga|osc oootess|ve
ie1etal caxes, ao1 oac c|e Amet|cao oeoole oo
c|etoa1co tecaocat|ogcooctol oic|e|towogov
etomeoc.
lo Aot|l 30, 1962, Lo|ce1 :cacesReoteseoca
c|veBtaceAlget (Reoabl|cao,Texas , |octo1ace1
a b|llco el|m|oace c|ew|c||ol1|og oi|ocomecax
itom wages ao1 salat|es. Mt. Alget sa| 1.
"We have lost all control over spending in
this country . . . . Since the great burden of taxes
is borne by the so-called little or modest-income
folks, I think it is high time that they found out
how much taxes they are paying. In order to do
that, I think we ought to let them pay their
own . . . . It seems to me timely and sensible that
the American citizens demand a halt to the con
tinuation of the tax-tax, spend-spend, elect-elect
policy. This repeal of the withholding tax will
be the means of beginning the necessary and
agonizing reappraisal."
Alget's b|ll 1|e1 |o comm|ccee, becaase c|ete
was ooc eooag| oabl|c |ocetesc.
Current Efforts
eoteseocac|ve Btace Alget te|octo1ace1 |o
coeoteseocCoogtess,||sb|llcoel|m|oacec|ew|c|
|ol1|og oi |ocome cax itom wages ao1 salat|es.
Peo1|og|ocomm|ccee, as HR 739, |cmet|cs mas
s|veoabl|csaoootc.
Ia|late oiCoogtess co teoeal c|e w|c||ol1|og
cax, soc|acallcaxoayetsw|llbecomecoosc|oasoi
ie1etal caxes |as sc|malace1 ot|vaceeotcs co ac
comol|s|c|esameoatoose.
Mt. Notmao L Coccoo, a bas|oessmao |o :ao
Itaoc|sco, Cal| ioto|a, ao1 c|e New \ot| Com
m|ccee iot cooom|c Itee1om |o :ytacase, New
\ot|, coocemolace1 eotcs ac oetsaa1|og all em
oloyets co go oo sct||eaga|osc setv|og as aooa|1
cax colleccots iot c|e ie1etal govetomeoc. T|e
bas|c |1ea was c|ac |ieooag|emoloyets c|toag|
oac c|e oac|oo woal1 teiase co w|c||ol1 ie1etal
caxesitomemoloyees wages,c|ew|c||ol1|ogsys
cem woal1 collaose. T|e ie1etal govetomeoc
coal1 otosecace evety emoloyet w|o c|as teiase1
co obeyc|eaocoosc|cac|ooalw|c||ol1|oglawao1
c|etalesao1tegalac|oosoic|eIocetoalReveoae
:etv|ce, bac |i eooag| emoloyets scoo1 i|tm ao1
acce1 |o ao|soo, c|e ie1etal govetomeoc, aoable
cootosecaceall,m|g|coocotosecaceaoy, ao1c|e
w|c||ol1|og law woal1 be aoeoiotceable. T||s
|1ea wasabao1ooe1becaaseoic|eexcteme 1|m-
calcy oigecc|og eooag| bas|oessmeo co ca|e c|e
t|s|.
Meaow||le, aooc|et, immediately eecc|veolao
|saltea1y |oooetac|oo.
1e1etal tegalac|oos teqa|te emoloyets co 1e
oos|c|oa1es|goace1bao|c|ecocaloiall ie1etal
caxes w|c||el1 itomwages. T|e 1eoos|cmascbe
ma1eoocea mooc|, iotall w|c||ol1|ogs 1at|og
c|e mooc|. moloyets |ab|caally ototace c|e
mooc|lycaxw|c||ol1|ogsoc|acc|esameamoaoc
|s ca|eo oac eac| oay 1ay, ao1 emoloyees oevet
iallyteal|zew|ac |cwoal1be l||ecogec iall oay
c|ec|s.
Io 1962, ooe emoloyet |o Pat|etsbatg, Wesc
V|tg|o|a ( Mt. A. K. :ammets, Ptes|1eocoi Pte
m|et R|oco :etv. ce, started collecting federal
caxes ( soc|alsecat|cyao1w|c||ol1|og, oolyooce
amooc|. Mt. :ammetssays .
Page 277
"Mrs. A - whose salary is $1 25 a week - under
the system of weekly deductions, would draw
$99.29 a week, and she just took it for granted
that was what she was making. Now, under our
system of collection, she draws $1 25 the frst
three weeks of the month; and the last week,
$22. 68. Three weeks she went to the bank and
actually received $1 25. She had it in her hands
and was able to spend it. ' Now she realizes she
pays in taxes almost a full week's pay out of a
month. "
:ooe eop|oyeespay more tbanoneia||wee| s
pay oat oi eacb oontb. mt. :aooets says tbat
one oi b|s c1o||atawee| eop|oyees gets no
cbec|ata||tbe ioattbwee|oi eacboontban1
st||| owes tbe ie1eta| govetnoent s4. iot tbe
oontb. Onceaoontbon|y w|tbbo|1|ng oa|es
tbe b|ggest |optess|on on eop|oyees wbo get a
pay cbec| eacb wee|, bat |t bas cons|1etab|e |o
pact on tbose wbo ate pa|1 on|y tw|ce a oontb.
I |now, becaase I ase tbe p|an iot eop|oyees oi
The Dan Smoot Report. In tbe o|11|e oi tbe
oontb, eacb eop|oyee on oy soa|| staii tece|ves
a ia|| sa|aty cbec|notb|ng ta|en oat. At tbe
en1 oi :be oontb, be gets a 1|soa||y sbtan|en
cbec|tban|s to ie1eta| w|tbbo|1|ng. I agtee
eopbat|ca||yw|tb mt. :aooets .
" . . . our employees now realize that this
wild federal spending is coming out of their
pockets."
A nat|ona| otgan|zat|on bas been |otoe1 to
ptooote tbe aooets onceaoontbon|y w|t|
bo|1|ngp|an.Tbeotgan|zat|on|sca||e1:. W. A. T.
:topW|tbbo|1|ngA||Taxes. Tbetopoic|a|s
ate mt. Laatence C. :o|tb, z4 Hea1son Dt|ve,
:ytacase 4, New \ot|, mt. A. K. :aooets,
Ptes|1ent oi Pteo|et Pboto :etv|ce, Inc. ,
t1 :tteet, Pat|etsbatg, West V|tg|n|a , mt. A.
). Pott|, P. O. Box cs, W|cb|ta, Kansas , an1
mt. Atno|1 ay|ey,:ea:ptay Inn, astHaopton,
L i , Ne \ot|. Nat|ona| bea1qaattets oi
:. W. A. T.|satPat|etsbatg,WestV|tg|n|a (P. O.
ox lc , .
Otgan|ze1asAC|v||R|gbtsPtogtaoIoto
p|oyets, :. W. A. T. w|||ttytopetsaa1eeop|oyets
(oi a|| s|zes, |n a|| ||n1s oibas|ness, |n a|| patts
oi tbe nat|on, to a1opt tbe onceaoontbw|tb
bo|1|ng p|an iot a|| eop|oyees. In|t|a| tesponse
encoatages oc|a|s oi :. W
A.T. to pte1|ct tbat

| cc,ccc eop|oyets w||| bave a1opte1 oncea
oontbw|tb|o|1|ng by janaaty , )64.
: W. A T. w||| coot1|nate |ts onceaoontb
w|tbbo|1|ng wot| w|tb otgan|ze1 eotts |ot oat
t|gbttepea|oitbe:|xteentb ( |ncooetax, Aoen1
oent.
What To Do
Jbe ie1eta| |ncooe tax ta|es oat ooney to
noat|sbiotceswb|cbatesapp|ngoatitee1ooan1
1esttoy|ng oat Repab||c, bat tbete |s no way to
teioto tbe tax systeo It oast be abo||sbe1.
Abo||sb|ng tbe |e1eta| |ncooe tax systeo woa|1
so|ve oost oi tbe oajot po||t|ca| an1 econoo|c
ptob|eosoioat nat|on. l iwegettbeie1eta| tax
co||ectots ban1soatoioatpoc|etssotba:Wasb
|ngtonspen1ets cannotget enoagb oioat ooney
to pay iot 1esttact|ve, anconst|tat|ona| ptogtaos,
wecan savetbe Repab||c.
Un|te1:tateskeptesentat|vejaoes . Utt (ke
pab||can, Ca|. iotn|a , basptopose1aconst|tat|on
a| aoen1oent wb|c| woa1 tepea| tbe :|xteentb
Aoen1oent an1 teqa|te tbe govetnoent to stop
coopet|ng |n bas|ness w|tb |ts own c|t|zens.
Tbete |s tteoen1oas pab||c sappott iot sacb a
tepea| aoen1oent an1 a cons|1etab|e aooant oi
otgan|ze1 eott beb|n1 | t, an1 tbe ooveoent |s
gtow.ng, bat:|e attogance an1 |||ega| powet oi
govetnoentategtow|ngiastet. Const|ta:|ona||sts
coa|1 w|n tb|s tace iot t|oe an1 cteate an ovet
powet|ng 1eoan1 iot tepea| oi tbe |ncooe tax
aoen1oent beiote |t |s too |ate, | i tbey coa|1
petsaa1eCongtesstotepea|tbe|awwb|cbaatbot
.zes w|tooo|c|ng oi |ncooe tax from w.ges and
sa|at|es.
Page 278
b||ewot||ngiotcongtess|ona|act|on, con
st|tat|ona||stscanaccoop||sbavetygteat 1ea| by
sappott|ng sacb eotts as tbe onceaoontbw|tb
bo|1|ngp|ano|:. W. A T. Heteatespec|nctb|ngs
tbat |n1|v|1aa|s can 1o
Ii yoa ate an eop|oyet, a1opt tbe oncea
oontbw|tbbo|1|ngp|aniota||oiyoateop|oyees.
Coooan|catew|tb :. W. A. T. oc|a|s, P. O. Box
1 707, Pat|etsbatg, West V|tg|n|a, to |et tbeo
|nowyoaatepatt|c|pat|ng|ntbep|an an1toget
a11|t|ona| 1eta||s on wbat otbet eoo|oyets ate
1o|ng. Cons| 1et1eep|ytbea1v|sab|||tyo|j o|n|ng
w|tb otbets to g|ve tbe sttengtb oi naobets an1
otgan|zat|on to taxtepea| eotts.
Ii yoa ate not an eop|oyet, ase tb|s Report
(ot otbe: ava||ab|e oatet|a| , to atoase act|ve
|ntetest |n acqaa|ntances wbo ate eop|oyets. Ii
yoa cannot 1o tb|s, wt|te to :. W. A.T. , g|v|ng
naoes o| eop|oyets wbo yoa tb|n| w||| be |n
teteste1.
Wt|te to yoat Ln|te1 :tates Reptesentat|ve
atg|ng b|s sappott iot Btace A|get s B||| (HR
7 39) to e||o|nate tbe w|:bbo|1|ng o| |ncooe tax
itoo wages an1 sa|at|es. Lse tb|s Report (ot
otbet oatet|a| , to petsaa1e it|en1s, acqaa|nt
ances, bas|nessassoc|ates,an1otgan|zat|onsto1o
tbesaoew|tb tbe|t Ln|te1 :tatesReptesentat|ves.
Where Your Tax Money Wi l l Go
Jbe io||ow|ng co|aon by K|ngsbaty :o|tb
(syn1|cate1byHeatst,w|:baPat|s1ate||ne,Aag
ast6, 1 963 ) |n1|cateswbetesooeoiyoatooney
oay go, |i we 1o not oanage sooebow totepea|
tbe|ncooetaxaoen1oent .
"Diplomatic sources in Paris said today that
President Kennedy has held out to Soviet Premier
Nikita Khrushchev the implied hope of Ameri
can economic aid to Russia if the Soviet Union
abandons the Cold War and agrees to a general
European settlement.
"This efort to encourage Khrushchev to turn
away from Red China and swing Russia towards
the West was made before the conclusion of the
nuclear test ban agreement.
"It was not a commitment, nor even a defnite
promise. Nor was it made in any formal diplo
matic communication.
"Nevertheless, the diplomatic sources said the
President let Khrushchev know that the United
States might be willing to help Russia with eco
nomic aid to hasten an improved standard of liv
ing for the Russian people if a satisfactory settle
ment in Europe was achieved.
"Khrushchev was reminded that under the
Truman Administration, the United States had
ofered to include Russia in the Marshall Plan
for the reconstruction of war torn Europe. He
Born in Missouri, reared in Texas, Dan Smoot went to SMU in Dallas, getting BA and MA degrees i n 1938 and
enterprise operation fnanced entirely by profits from sales: sales of The Dan Smoot Report, a weekly magazine;
available for commercial sponsorship, anywhere in the Uni ted States.
Page 279
was also reminded that at the time, General Mar
shall, then Secretary of State, had described his
concept of Europe as all the territories 'west of
Asia.'
"It was clearly indicated to Khrushchev that
the Kennedy Administration feels the same way
the Truman Administration did at that time, and
that while Stalin rejected the ofer, now might
be the time for Khrushchev to reconsider link
ing Russia with Europe instead of Asia.
"This would not mean that Russia would have
to renounce the Communist system. President
Kennedy has assured Khrushchev that the United
States is not hostile to any people or system, pro
vided they do not interfere with the freedoms of
others.
"Khrushchev knows, however, that the Presi
dent's conception of a satisfactory European
settlement does not mean the recognition of the
existing status quo.
"1 Khrushchev wants American economic aid
for Russia, the European settlement, to which
he agrees must include the unifcation of Ger
many based on free elections.
"It would be folly to think, and the President
certainly does not, that Khrushchev is likely to
agree, or could if he would, to give up Com-
munist control of East Germany in the near
future. He has said he will never give it up.
"However, it is thought that in view of the
bitter break between Khrushchev and the Chi
nese Communist leadership, the time may be
opportune to indicate to Russia the long-range
advantage of becoming part of a prosperous
Europe.
"Communism has proved a failure economic
ally in Eastern Europe. Khrushchev is known to
be deeply concerned about the failure of the ag
ricultural policy in the Soviet Union, and the
high cost of the arms race."
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "What a Prophet-Richard E. Byrd," article by George Peck,
The AlIlel'lcan Sit/iesman, March 1 5, 1961 , p. 4
( 2 ) Beardsley Ruml was a member of the Council on Foreign Re
lations, a di rector of Macy's, Muzak, Bulova Watch Co. and the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York; and member of the Commis
sion on Money and Credit which formed the basis for President
Kennedy's major legislative proposals in 1962. Also see "Ruml' s
Effect on Our Way of Life," The San Francisco Chronicle, April
20, 1 960, p. 30.
( 3 ) Special study on the general history of the withholding tax
system-f rom the study. of the 76 economists presented to the
House Ways and Means Committee i n the spring of 1941 , to
enactment of the Current Tax Payment Act of 1 943-prepared
for former United States Representative Gordon Scherer ( Re
publican, Ohio) by the Library of Congress, September, 1 959
( 4) Associated Press dispatch from Detroit, October 6, 1959
Washington oficialdom uses your taxes for programs that are creating vast cesspools
.
of waste and corruption
and dragging our Republic into the quicksands of socialism. What can you do about it?
You can help educate and arouse the people who elect me
esponsble for harmful programs

.
of g
?
vernment.
When enough other Americans know and care as you do, political action to restore our Repubbc Will come.
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rs,
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Page 280
M
111 Smoot Re,ort
Vol. 9, No. 36 (Broadcast 421 ) September 9, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
THI RD ROLL CALLS, Vd
1n cb|s |ssae, we caba|ace to| | ca||voces |n cbeL. :. :enace,7 |ncbeHoaseoiReptesencac|ves
oa|.ng a coca| oi 20 |n tbe :enace, 1 9 |n cbe Hoase, caba|ace1 cb|s yeat 1at|ng cbe I|tsc
:ess|on oi cbe sscb Congtess. :enacots Batty Go|1wacet (Repab||can, At|zona, an1 :ctoo
Tbatoon1 ( Deooctac, :oacb Cato||na, conc|nae co bave cbe besc voc|ng tecot1s |n cbe :enace.
U. :. keptesencac|veska|pb I. Beetoann ( kepab||can, Nebtas|a, an1 Aagasc . jobansen (Re
pab||can, m|cb|gan, bave cbe besc tecot1s |n cbe Hoase Reptesencac|ve jobansen |s cbe on|y
oeobet oi Congtess wbo bas a petiecc consc|cac|ona||sctac|ngiotcbteescta|gbcyeats . 1 961 , 1962,
an1 1 963 co1ace.
Iot cbe oosc patc, cbe ptesenc :enace bas acce1 as a tabbet scaop iotcbeKenne1y a1o|n|scta
c|onon|y occas|ona| |y scopp|ngsooe Kenne1yoaneavetotapptov|ngsooecb|ngKenne1y1oes
nocwaoc. Tbeptesenc Hoase, bowevet, bas scopp-1 oany Kenne1y b|||s, an1 teoove1 1angetoas
ptov|s|ons itoo ocbets. Tbas, on cbe wbo|e, cbe sscbCongtess, I|tsc:ess|on,conc|naesco beone
oi cbe besc |n yeats.
Ni ke-Zeus Anti-Missi l e Program
Uya scan1oi) co 20, cbe:enace, Apt|| 1 1 , 1963, coop||e1 w|cb Kenne1y a1o|n|sctac|on 1e
oan1s cbaccbe N||eZeas anc|o|ss|le ptogtao besctappe11esp|ce cbe iacc cbac :enacot :ctoo
Tbatoon1 (sappotce1 by :enacot Batty Go|1wacet , ptesence1 class|ue1 cesc|oony itoo Atoe1
Iotces oc|a|s ptov|ng cbac cbe N||eZeas ptogtao |s necessary iot nac|ona| 1eiense. Ibevoce is
tecot1e1 be|ow |nCo|aon ls an1etSenate, C |n1|cac|ngascan1for cbeN||eZeasptogtao.
K||||ng N||eZeas teseatcb an1 1eve|opoenc wasces b||||ons a|tea1y spenc on cb|s eotc acna
c|ona| 1eiense, an1 sancc|ons Kenne1y's sa|c|1a| po||cyoiptob|b|c|ngcbeLn|ce1:cacesitoo 1e
ve|op|ng an eecc|ve 1eiense aga|nsc :ov|ec o|ss||es, ac a c|oe wben cbe :ov|ecs ate bel|eve1 co
bave an eecc|ve 1eiense aga|nsc oat o|ss|les. Iaccs on cb|s exctaot1|naty s|caac|on wete pab
||sbe1 |n cb|s Report 1at|ng may, 1 963, |n a cbteepatc set|es on D|satoaoenc.
copy for 25; 6 for $1.0; 50 for $5.50; 1 00 for $10.00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 281
Marki ng of I mports
1n l )6c, bocb Hoases oi Congtess passe1 a
b||l teqa|t|ng cbac oosc |opotce1 goo1s be
oat|e1 w|cb cbe naoe oi cbe coancty oi ot|g|n.
Tbepatposewascooa|e|cposs|b|eiotAoet|can
consaoetsco teiase, |icbeyw|sbe1,cobaygoo1s
|opotce1 itoo coooan|sc coanct|es Ptes|1enc
|senbowetvecoe1cbeb|||on :epceobet6, l )6c
In l )6, a s|o|lat |l| ( HR z l ) was aga|n
passe1, byvo|cevoce, |nbocbHoasesoiCongtess
1esp|ce sctong oppos|c|on itoo a1o|n|sctac|on
iotcesan1acbteacoivecobyPtes|1encKenne1y.
On ja|y l s, l )6, a1o|n|sctac|on iotces |n cbe
:enace 1eoan1e1 a to|| ca|| on a ooc|on co ||||
( tecooo|c, HRz l . Tb|s ||beta| eotc co||
cbeoeasatewas 1eieace1bya scan1 oiscol ,
wb|cb|stecot1e1be|ow |nCo|aonl4an1etSen
ate) "C' |n1|cac|ng a voce for oat||ng |opotcs
itoo coooan|sccoanct|es.
Tbe|| | , cboagbnowapptove1bybocbHoases
oi Congtess, bas noc yec been senc co cbe Ptes|
1enc,becaaseoio|not1|etencesbecweenHoase
an1:enacevets|ons.
Fisheries Research
tn ja|y zz, l )6, cbe :enace, byvo|ce voce,
passe1 :6, ptov|1|ngzso||||on, zccboasan
1ollats iot a|1 co scaces |n ptoooc|ng coooetc|a|
usbety ptoj eccs Consetvac|ves 1eoan1e1 a to||
ca||onaooc|onco|||| ( tecooo|c, cbe|||. Tb|s
eotcwas1eieace1byascan1oi66co25, wb|cb
|s tecot1e1 be|ow |n Co|aon l an1et Senate)
C |n1|cac|ng a scan1 against cbe I|sbet|es Re
seatcb |||.
Iopotcs itoo iote|gn nac|ons ( japan, pt|nc|
pally , , wbose i|sb|ng |n1asct|es bave been oo1
etn|ze1 an1 sabs|1|ze1 by Aoet|can iote|gn a|1,
bavebattcbeAoet|can|n1ascty. : 6z |sa ||b
e:a| eiiotcco cooooan1 a otob|eowb|cb ||b
eta| po||c|es bave cteace1. Tbe ||| |s sc||| |n
cooo|ccee |n cbe Hoase.
Publ i c Power
tn )a|y c, l )6, consetvac|ves |n cbe:enace
1eoan1e1 a to|| ca|| ona ooc|on co |||| ( tecoo
o|c, HR 6c6 ( a|tea1y passe1 by vo|cevoces |n
:enace an1 Hoase, , aacbot|z|ng 6c) o||||on 4
cboasan1 1o||ats iot wacet tesoatces an1 e|ecct|c
powet ptoj eccs. Tb|s consetvac|ve eotc was 1e-
ieace1 by a scan1 oi l co zs, wb|cb |s tecot1e1
be|ow|nCo|aon l6an1etSenate) C|n1|cac|ng
ascan1against cbeptoj eccs. Tbe||||sptesenc|y
|n conietence becaase oi o|not 1|etences be
cween Hoase an1 :enace vets|ons. Two oi cbe
ptoj eccs aacbot|ze1 |n HR 6cl 6 ( Know|es Re
setvo|t |n moncana an1 Ttoccets :boa|s |n :oacb
Cato||na, wete oppose1 by govetnots oi cbe
scaces |nvo|ve1. Iot 1eca||e1 1|scass|on oi cbe
pab||cpowetcbteaccoitee1oo,seeTbePowet
Gt|1:cbeoe cb|s Report) Aagasc l z, l )6.
Manpower Devel opment
and Trai ni ng
Uy a scan1oi6cos, cbe :enace, Aagasc ,
l )6, teiase1 co |nctease ian1s iot cbe anconsc|
cac|ona| manpowet Deve|opoenc an1 Tta|n|ng
ptogtao, wb|cb Kenne1y |n|c|ace1 |n l )6z. Tbe
voce |stecot1e1 be|ow |n Co|aon l an1et Sen
ate) C |n1|cac|ng a scan1against |ncteas|ngtbe
ian1s.
Nati onal Servi ce Corps
Uy ascan1oi l co4s, cbe:enace, Aagasc l 4,
l )6, passe1: l z l , cteac|ngcbeNac|ona|:etv|ce
Cotps ( a|so |nown as Kenne1y's 1ooesc|c peace
cotps , . Tbe voce |s tecot1e1 be|ow |n Co|aon
l) an1et Senate) C |n1|cac|ng a scan1 against.
Tbe ||| |s sc|| | |n cooo|ccee |n cbe Hoase, an1
oay 1|e cbete, becaase consetvac|ves ate sa|1 co
bave1aoag|ng|niotoac|onaboacp||ocptoj eccs
oicbecooesc|c peace cotps, alteacy ino
p
eration
w|cboac congtess|ona| aacbot|zac|on.
Page 282
Nati onal Debt
Uy to|| ca||voces, Hoase an1 :enace ( Aagasc
s an1 zc, l )6 , passe1 HR sz4, excen1|ng cbe
ceopoay nac|ona| 1ebc |nctease ( -c) b||||on
1o||ats j itoo Aagasc l co Noveobet c, l)6.
Tbevocesatetecot1e1be|ow|nCo|aonzcan1et
Senate} an1 Co|aon l an1et House} "C' |n
1|cac|ngaconsetvac|vescan1against cbeexcens|on.
Federal Aid To Education
VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS : y a scan1 oi
co z l , cbe Hoase, Aagasc 6, l )6, passe1
HR 4) , aacbot|z|ng 6ss o||||on 1o||ats iot ex
cens|on an1 expans|on oi ie1eta| a|1 co pab||c
vocac|ona| scboo|s 1at|ng cbe nexc 4 usca| yeats.
Tbevoce|s tecot1e1 be|ow |n Co|aon l 6an1et
House} C sbow|ngascan1against. Tbe:enace
bas nocyec passe1 cbe |||
COLLEGES : y a scan1 oi z)6 co l z l , cbe
Hoase, Aagasc l 4, l )6, passe1 HR6l4aacbot
|z|ng l b||||on, l ) o||||on 1o||ats iot cbe ttsc
cbteeyeatsoia uveyeat ptogtaooiie1eta| con
sctacc|ongtancsan1 |oanscoan|vets|c|es,co||eges,
an1 j an|ot co||eges. Tbe voce |s tecot1e1 be|ow
|nCo|aonl san1etHouse} C|n1|cac|ngascan1
against. Tbe :enace bas noc yec passe1 cbe |||.
Jbe Ten:b Aoen1oenc ptob|b|cs ie1eta| ac
c|v|c|esiotwb|cbcbete|snoconsc|cac|ona|aacbot
|zac|on,an1cbete|snosacbaacbot|zac|on iot a|1
co e1acac|on.
jaoes Ma1|son (pt|nc|pa| aacbot oi cbe L. :
Consc|cac|on an1 ||| oi R|gbcs, an1 |acet Ptes|
1enc oi cbe Ln|ce1 :caces, was a Reptesencac|ve
|n cbe I|tsc Congtess. He |e1 cbe oppos|c|on co
ptoposa|s, oa1e |n cbac I|tsc Congtess, wb|cb
woa|1bavepac cbeL. :. govetnoenc |n cbeto|e
oi ptoooc|ng cbe geneta| we|iate. Reptesenca
c|ve Ma1|sonsa|1
"If Congress can employ money indefnitely
to the general welfare, and are the sole and
supreme j udges of the general welfare, they may
take the care of religion into their own hands;
they may appoint teachers in every State, county
and parish and pay them out of their public
treasury; they may take into their own hands
the education of children, establishing in like
manner schools throughout the Union; they may
assume the provision of the poor . . . . Were
the power of Congress to be established in the
latitude contended for, it would subvert the
very foundations, and transmute the very nature
of the limited Government established by the
people of America."
Cl ean Ai r Act
Uy a scan1oiz4col c4,cbeHoase (ja|yz4,
l )6 , passe1 cbe C|ean A|t Acc oi l )6 ( HR
6 l s, ,g|v|ngcbe :ectecatyoiHea|cb,1acac|on,
an1We|iate5 o||||on1o||atsayeatiota|tpo||a
c|on teseatcb, g|v|ng b|o c o||||on 1o||ats co
spen1 as be sees uc , aacbot|z|ng b|o co be|p es
cab||sb|oca|,scace, an1 teg|ona|a|tpo| | at|oncon
cto| agenc|es , an1 aacbot|z|ng b|o co see| coatc
ot1ets co ptob|b|c |ncetscace a|t po||ac|on. Tbe
voce|stecot1e1be|ow|nCo|aonl an1etHouse}
C |n1|cac|ng a consetvac|ve scan1 against cbe
Accwb|cb |spen1ing |n cbe :enace.
Presidential Transition
tn ja|y z , l )6-, cbe Hoase, byvo|ce voce,
passe1 tbe Ptes|1enc|a| Ttans|c|on Acc ( HR
46-s , . Consetvac|ves 1eoan1e1 a to|| ca|| on a
ooc|on co tecooo|c. Tb|s consetvac|ve eotc co
|||| cbe oeasate was 1eieace1 by a scan1 oi 4
co z), wb|cb |s tecot1e1 be|ow |n Co|aon l 4
an1et House} C |n1|cac|ng a scan1 against HR
46swb.cb |s pen1|ng |n cbe :enace. One oi
cbe z) consetvac|ves voc|ng aga|nsc cbe |||,
Reptesencac|ve Aagasc . jobansen (Repab||can,
M|cb|gan, sa|1.
"While I have no objection to payment of
certain specifed, limited expenses incurred by
the President-elect and Vice President-elect
costs heretofore borne by the Republican or
Democratic National Committees or the indi
viduals I strongly oppose two features of this
bill.
Page 283
"O

is te provision giving General Services
Ad
mlstratIOn authority to designate who is the

resldent-elect and Vice President-elect follow
mg the general eecton
-
authority properly
est
.
eby th

ConstItutIOn m Congress, meeting
In JOInt seSSIOn.
"y second objection is to a $1 ,300,000 ex
pendIture authorization for expenses - some two
or tlfee times the amount actually spent by
PresIdents elect Eisenhower or Kennedy . o o .
Export-I mport Bank
Hy a stan1 oi )tol l, tbeHoase ()aly c,
l)6 , teiase1toapptoveiattbetbac| 1ootnnanc
lng iot tbe xpottIopott an| (HR sz . see
:econ1 Ro|| Ca|ls, l )6, tbls Report} Aagast
z6, l )6 , Tbevotelstecot1e1be|owlnColaon
l an1et House} C ln1lcatlng a stan1 against
bac|1oot nnanclng iot tbe an|tbat ls, tbe
anconstltatlonal ptactlce oi bottowlng itoo tbe
L. :. Tteasaty wltboat speclnc aatbotlzatlon by
Congtess.
Tbean|wasscbe1a|e1togooatoiexlstence
on)ane c, l )6. On Aagast l , Hoasean1 :en
ate conietees agtee1 on abl||to pto|ong tbe |lie
oi tbe an| ( wblcb altea1y bas enoagb ooney
to opetate iotanotbet l soontbs, , wltboatspecl
iylngbow tbe an| wl|lget a11ltlonal ian1s ln
tbe iatate.
Washi ngton, D. C. , Cri me Laws
tn Aagast l z , l)6, tbe Hoase ( by volce
vote, passe1 tbe Dlsttlct oi Co|aobla Oonlbas
Ctloe lll ( HR z , . Kenne1y a1olnlsttatlon
iotces ( oacb oppose1 to tbe ll | , 1eoan1e1 a
tol|ca||on a ootlon totecooolt. Tbls a1olnls
ttatloneott to |l|| HR z was 1eieate1by a
stan1 oi z to l4, wblcb ls tecot1e1 be|ow ln
Co|aon l )an1et House} C ln1lcatlng a stan1
for tbel||.
Tblsl||na|llnestbel):apteoeCoattma|
lory Case 1eclslon (see' W asblngton. Tbemo1el
Clty, tbls Report} )une z4, l)6 , wblcb |as
ban1lcappe1 law eniotceoent ln tbe natlon' s
capltal Tbel|| a|so nal|lnes tbe l)4Datbao
Case 1ecslon oi tbe L :. Cltcalt Coatt oi Ap
p
al
wb.cb oa1e vlttaa||y loposslble saccessial

ctoma|
ptos
catlon oi anyone wbo plea1s oo

oentatymsan:tyotoentallncoopetence.
Llbetals, wbo |e1 opposltlon to tb|s l| | , sap
potte1tbeDatba
ta|ewltbtbeastonlsblng
atgaoent tbat an m1.v.1aal wbo oay lntel|ecta
ally|nowtbatbelscooolttlngactloe, batwbo
|ac|s eootlona| capaclty to teitaln itoo cooolt
tlnglt, lsnottea|ly gallty oictloe.
What To Do?
1vetytloewepabllsbtol|callvotes llbetals
.
7
m Congtess 1enoance as iot ptesaolng to 1etet
olne wbetbet tbelt votes ate iot ot agalnstcon
stltatlonal ptlnclples. Tbey assett tbat tbey an1
tbe :apteoeCoatt an1tbePtesl1ent |now oote
aboat tbe Constltatlon tbanwe 1o.
TbeConstltatlonlsnotbat1toan1etstan1 an1
t
ltoeanswbatltsays. Neltbettbe:apteoeCoatt,
nottbeCongtess,nottbePtesl1entbasanyaatbot
lty tosttetcblts oeanlng. Tbey 1o sttetcb lt, oi
coatse. Tbe ie1etal govetnoent spen1s bllllons
oi tax 1o|lats evety yeat on ptogtaos iot wblcb
tbete ls no gtant oi powet ln tbe Constltatlon.
Howcanwestop sacbvlolatlons oitbeConstlta
tlon, by oclals wbo ate swotn to uphold tbe
Constltatlon?
Wesboa|1telentlesslyboobat1Congtesswltb
oall, encoataglngtboseoeobetswbosevotes ln
1lcatetbattbeytegat1tbeConstltatlonasaoean
lngial conttact oigovetnoent, lettlng tbe otbets
|nowtbattbeywlllbeoppose1bylntelllgentan1
1etetolne1 votets at tbe next e|ectlon.
Iienoagb ln1lvl1aals woal1 1o tbls, Congtess
woal1 obey an1 1eien1 tbe Constltatlon. :tab|e
consetvatlve powet is gtowlng ln tbe Hoase oi
Reptesentatlves,because ltbastecelve1encoatage
oent ttoo back home. It needs L? all i|ai
al|oi ascanglvelt.
Page 284
A 'L' indicates a conservative stand. An ' ILI I indicates a liberal stand. An
: i
indicates that the legislator did not take a public stand.
S E NA T E
Column #1 4 - - Imported Goods Labels , HR 2 5 1 3; # 1 5 ~ State Fisheries Funds , S 627 ; #1 6 ~ Water Projects and Public Power, HR 601 6;
#1 7 ~ ~ Manpower and Training Funds Inc. reas e. HR 5888; # 1 8 ~ Nike- Zeus Authorization; # 1 9 - - National Service Corps , S 1 32 1 ; #20 National
Debt Extension, HR 7824
1 4 1 5 16 18 19 20 14 15 16 17 1 8 19 20
ALABAMA
Hill, Lister (D)
Sparkman, John J. (D)
ALASKA
Bartlett, E . L. (D)
Gruening, Ernest (D)
ARIZONA
Goldwater , Barry (R)
Hayden, Carl (D)
ARKANSAS
Fulbright, J. William (D)
McClellan, John L. (D)
CALIFORNIA
Engle , Clair (D)
Kuchel, Thomas H. (R)
COLORADO
Allott, Gordon (R)
Dominick, Peter H. (R)
CONNECTICUT
Dodd, Thomas J. (D)
Ribicoff, Abraham A. (D)
DELAWARE
Boggs , J. Caleb (R)
Williams , John J. (R)
FLORIDA
Holland, Spes sard L. (D)
Smathers , George A. (D)
GEORGIA
Rus sell, Richard B. (D)
Talmadge, Herman E . (D)
HAWAII
Fong, Hiram L. (R)
Inouye, Daniel K. (D)
IDAHO
rch, Frank (D)
Jordan, Len B . (R)
ILLINOIS
Dirksen, Everett M. (R)
Douglas , Paul H. (D)
INDIANA
Bayh, Birch (D)
Hartke, R. Vance (D)
IOWA
ckenlooper, Bourke B. (R)
Miller, Jack (R)
KANSAS
-r son, Frank (R)
Pearson, James B. (R)
KENTUCKY
Cooper, John Sherman (R)
Morton, Thruston B. (R)
LOUISIANA
Ellender , Allen J. (D)
Long, Rus s el l B. (D)
MAINE
kie, Edmund S. (D)
Smith, Margaret Chase (R)
MARYLAND
Beall, J. Glenn (R)
Brewster, Daniel B. (D)
MASSACHUSETTS
Kennedy, Edward M. (D)
Saltonstall , Leverett (R)
MICHIGAN
Hart, Philip A. (D)
McNamara, Pat (D)
MINNESOTA
Humphrey, Hubert H. (D)
McCarthy, Eugene J. (D)
MISSISSIPPI
Eastland, James O. (D)
Stennis , John (D)
MISSOURI
Long, Edward V. (D)
Symington, Stuart (D)
C
C
C
C
C
o
L
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
L
C
o
C
C
C
o
L
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
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o
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C
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o
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o
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o
L
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o
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C
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o
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C
C
o
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L
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o
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o L
C C
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L L
C L
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C L
C L
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L C
L L
C
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L
C
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L C
L C
L L
L L
L L
L L
C C
L L
L
L L
C
C
L
C
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C
C
C
L C
L C
L C
L C
L L
L C
C C
L C
L L
C
L L
L L
L L
L L
L C
L C
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C
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C
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o
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L
L
L
L
L
L
L
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L
C
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L
C
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MONTANA
Mansfield, Michael J. (D)
Metcalf, Lee (D)
NEBRASKA
Curtis , Carl . (R)
Hruska, Roman L. (R)
NEVADA
Bible, Alan (D)
Cannon, Howard W. (D)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Cotton, Norris (R)
McIntyre, Thomas J. (D)
NEW JERSEY
Case, Clifford P. (R)
Williams , Harrison A. , Jr. (D)
NEW MEXICO
Anderson, Clinton P. (D)
Mechem, Edwin L. (R)
NEW YORK
Javits , Jacob K. (R)
Keating, Kenneth B. (R)
NOR TH CAROLINA
Erwin, Sam J . , Jr. (D)
Jordan, B. Everett (D)
NOR TH DAKOTA
Burdick, Quentin N. (D)
Young, Milton R. (R)
OHIO
-usche, Frank J . (D)
Young, Stephen M. (D)
OKLAHOMA
Edmondson, J. Howard (D)
Monroney, A. S. (Mike) (D)
OREGON
Morse, Wayne (D)
Neuberger, Maurine B. (D)
PENNSYLVANIA
Clark, Joseph S. , Jr. (D)
Scott, Hugh (R)
RHODE ISLAND
Pastore , John O. (D)
Pell, Claiborne (D)
SOUTH CAROLINA
Johnston, Olin D. (D)
Thurmond, Strom (D)
SOUTH DAKOTA
McGovern, George (D)
Mundt, Karl E. (R)
TENNESSEE
Gore , Albert (D)
TEXAS
--er, John (R)
Yarborough, Ralph W. (D)
UTAH
nnett, Wallace F. (R)
Mos s , Frank E. (D)
VERMONT
Aiken, George D. (R)
Prouty, Winston L. (R)
VIRGINIA
Byrd, Harry Flood (D)
Robertson, A. Willis (D)
WASHINGTON
Jackson, Henry M. (D)
Magnuson, Warren G. (D)
WEST VIRGINIA
Byrd, Robert C. (D)
Randolph, Jennings (D)
WISCONSIN
Nelson, Gaylord A. (D)
Proxmire. William (D)
WYOMING
McGee, Gale W. (D)
Simpson, Milward L. (R)
Page 285
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H O U S E
Column # 1 3 Cl ean Air Act, HR 651 8; #1 4 - - Presidential Transition, HR 4638; # 1 5 - Export-Import Bank Funds , HR 3872; # 1 6
Vocational Education Funds, HR 4955; # 1 7 National Debt Extension, HR 7 824; #1 8 - Higher Education Funds , HR 61 43; #1 9 - D. C . Crime
Laws , HR 7225
ALABAMA
Andrews , George W. (D)
Elliott, Carl (D)
Huddleston, George, Jr. (D)
Jones, Robert E. (D)
Raines, Albert (D)
Robert s, Kenneth A. (D)
Selden, Armistead . . Jr. (D)
ALASKA
Rivers , Ralph J. (D)
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
Gathings , E . C. (D)
Harris , Oren (D)
Mills , Wilbur D. (D)
Trimble, James W. (D)
CALIFORNIA
Baldwin, John F. , Jr. (R)
Bell, Alphonzo E . , Jr. (R)
Brown, George E . , Jr. (D)
Burkhalter, Everett G. (D)
Clausen, Don H. (R)
Clawson, Del (R)
Gubser, Charles S. (R)
Hagen, Harlan (D)
Hawkins , Augustus F. (D)
Holifield, Chet (D)
Hosmer, Craig (R)
King, Cecil R. (D)
Martin, Minor C . (R)
McFall , John J . (D)
Miller, George P. (D)
Mos s , John E. (D)
Roybal , Edward R. (D)
Shelley, John !. (D)
Sisk, B. F. (D)
Smith, H. Allen (R)
Utt, James B . (R)
Wilson, Bob (R)
COLORADO
Chenoweth, J . Edgar (R)
Rogers, Byron G. (D)
CONNECTICUT
Grabowski , Bernard P. (D)
Monagan, John S . (D)
St. Onge, William (D)
Sibal, Abner W. (R)
DELAWARE
McDowell, Harris B. , Jr. (D)
FLORIDA
Bennett, Charles E . (D)
Cramer, William C . (R)
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FLORIDA (cont ' d)
Fuqua, Don (D)
Haley, James A. (D)
Matthews , D. R, (D)
Pepper, Claude (D)
Rogers , Paul G. (D)
GEORGIA
Davi s, John W. (D)
Pilcher, J. L. (D)
Stephens , Robert G . , Jr. , (D)
Tuten, J. Rus sell (D)
Vinson, Carl (D)
HAWAII
-- Thomas P. (D)
IDAHO
ding, Ralph R. (D)
I LLINOIS
Arends , Leslie C , (R)
Collier, Harold R. (R)
Derwinski, Edward J. ( R)
Findley, Paul (R)
Gray, Kenneth J . (D)
McClory, Robert (R)
McLoskey, Robert T . (R)
Murphy, William T . (D)
o ' Brien, Thomas J. (D)
Price , Melvin (D)
Pucinski, Roman C . (D)
Reid, Charlotte (R)
Shipley, George l. (D)
Springer , William L. (R)
INDIANA
Adai r, E. Ross (R)
Brademas, John (D)
Bruce, Donald C . (R)
Harvey, Ralph (R)
Madden, Ray J. (D)
Wilson, Earl (R)
IOWA
omwell, James E. (R)
Gros s , H. R. (R)
Jens en, Ben F. (R)
Kyl, John H. (R)
Schwengel, Fred (R)
Smith, Neal (D)
KANSAS
-e y, William H. (R)
Dol e . Robert (R)
Ellsworth, Robert F. (R)
Shriver, Garner E. (R)
Skubitz, Joe (R)
Page 286
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KENTUCKY
Chelf, Frank (D)
Natcher , William H. (D)
Perkins , Carl D. (D)
Siler, Eug
ne (R)
Snyder, M. G. (R)
Stubblefield, 1ianI A. (D)
Watts , John C . (D)
LOUISIANA
Boggs , Hale (D)
Hebert, F. Edward (D)
Long, Gillis W. (D)
Passman, Otto E. (D)
Willi s, Edwin E. (D)
MAINE
ntire, Clifford G. (R)
Tupper , Stanley R. (R)
MARYLAND
Fallon, George H. (D)
Friedel, Samuel N. (D)
Garmatz, Edward A. (D)
Lankford, Richard E. (D)
Long, Clarence D. (D)
Mathias, Charles McC . , Jr. (R)
Morton, Rogers C . B. (R)
Sickl es, Carlton R. (D)
MASSACHUSE TTS
Bates , William H. (R)
Boland, Edward P. (D)
Burke, James A. (D)
Cont e, Silvio O. (R)
Donohue , Harold D. (D)
Keith, Hastings (R)
Macdonald, Torbert H. (D)
McCormack, John W. (D)
Martin, Joseph W. , Jr. (R)
Morse, F. Bradford (R)
O' Neill, Thomas P. , Jr. (D)
Philbin, Philip J. (D)
MICHIGAN
Bennett, John B. (R)
Broomfield, William S . (R)
Cederberg, Elford A. (R)
Chamberlain, Charles E. (R)
Diggs , Charles C . , Jr. (D)
Dingell, John D. (D)
Ford, Gerald R. , Jr. (R)
Griffin, Robert P. (R)
Griffiths, Martha W. (D)
Harvey, James (R)
Hutchinson, Edward (R)
Johansen, August E . (R)
!tO, NCtOi A. (R)
Lesinski , John (D)
Meader, George (R)
Nedzi , Lucien N. (D)
O'Hara, James G. (D)
Ryan, Harold M. (D)
Staebler , Neil (D)
MINNESOTA
Blatnik, John A. (D)
Fras er, Donald M. (D)
Karth, Joseph E. (D)
Langen, Odin (R)
MacGregor, Clark (R)
Nelsen, Ancher (R)
Olson, Alec G. (D)
Qui e, Albert H. (R)
MISSISSIPPI
Abernethy, Thomas G. (D)
Colmer , William M. (D)
Whitten, Jamie L. (D)
Williams, John Bell (D)
Winstead, Arthur (D)
MISSOURI
Bolling, Richard (D)
Crrc, Clierce (D)
Curti s, Thomas B. (R)
Hall , Durward G. (R)
Hull, W. R. , Jr. (D)
Ichord, Richard (D)
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MISSOURI (cont ' d)
Jone s , Paul C. (D)
Randall, William J. (D)
MONTANA
Battin, James F. (R)
Olsen, Arnold (D)
NEBRASKA
Martin, Dave (R)
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Wyman, Louis C. (R)
NEW JERSEY
Auchincloss, James C . (R)
Cahill, William . (R)
Dani els , Dominick V. (D)
Frelinghuysen, Peter , Jr . (R)
Gallagher, Cornelius E . (D)
Minish, Joseph G. (D)
Osmers , Frank C. , Jr. (R)
Patten, Edward J . , Jr . (D)
Rodino, Peter W. , Jr. (D)
Thompson, Frank, Jr . (D)
NEW MEXICO
Morri s , Thomas G. (D)
NEW YORK
Carey, Hugh L. (D)
C eller, Emanuel (D)
Fino, Paul A. (R)
Grover, James R. , Jr. (R)
Healey, James C. (D)
Kelly, Edna F. (D)
King, Carleton J. (R)
Lindsay, John N. (R)
Murphy, John M. (D)
Ostertag, Harold C . (R)
Pike , Otis G. (D)
Pirnie, Alexander (R)
Powel l , Adam C. (D)
Reid, Ogden R. (R)
Robi son, Howard W. (R)
Rooney, John J. (D)
St. George , Katharine (R)
Wydler, John W. (R)
NOR TH CAROLINA
Ontei. \ei1eit C . (D)
Fountain, L. H. (D)
Page 287
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NORTH CAROLINA (cont ' d)
Jonas , Charles Raper (R)
Lennon, Alton (D)
Scott, Ralph J. (D)
Taylor, Roy A. (D)
Whitener , Basil L. (D)
NORTH DAKOTA
Short, Don L. (R)
OHIO
el e, Horer E . (R)
Ayre s , William H. (R)
Bett s , Jackson E. (R)
Bow, Frank T. (R)
Brown, Clarence J. (R)
Devine, Samuel L. (R)
Harsha, William H. , Jr. (R)
Hays , Wayne L. (D)
Minshall, William E . . (R)
Mosher , Charles A. (R)
Rich, Carl W. (R)
OKLAHOMA
Albert, Carl (D)
Belcher, Page (R)
Edmondson, Ed (D)
Jarman, John (D)
Steed, Tom (D)
OREGON
Green, Edith (D)
Norblad, Walter (R)
Ullman, Al (D)
PENNSYLVANIA
Byrne, James A. (D)
Clark, Frank M. (D)
Curtin, Willard S . (R)
Dague, Paul B. (R)
Dent , John H. (D)
Gavin, Leon H. (R)
Green, William J . , Jr. (D)
Kunkel, John C. (R)
Rooney, Fred B . (D)
Saylor, John P. (R)
Schweiker , Richard S. (R)
Toll , Herman (D)
Weaver , James D. (R)
RHODE ISLAND
Fogarty, John E. (D)
St. Germain, Fernand J. (D)
SOUTH CAROLINA
Ashmore, Robert . (D)
Darn, . J. Bryan (D)
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SOUTH CAROLINA (cont ' d)
SOUTH DAKOTA
Berry, E . Y . (R)
Reifel, Ben (R)
TENNESSEE
Baker , Howard H. (R)
Bas s , Ross (D)
Davi s , Clifford (D)
Evins , Joe L. (D)
Fulton, Richard (D)
Murray, Tom (D)
TEXAS
er, Bruce (R)
Brooks , Jack (D)
Burleson, Omar (D)
Casey, Robert R. (D)
Dowdy, John (D)
Foreman, Ed (R)
Kilgore , Joe M. (D)
Patman, Wright (D)
Poage, William R. (D)
Pool, Joe (D)
Purcell, Graham (D)
Roberts , Ray (D)
Rogers , Walter (D)
Teague , Olin . (D)
Thomas , Albert (D)
Thornberry, Horer (D)
Wright, James C. (D)
Young, John (D)
UTAH
rton, Laurence J . (R)
VERMONT
Stafford, Robert T. (R)
VIRGINIA
Abbitt, Watkins M. (D)
Broyhill, Joel T. (R)
Downing, Thomas N . (D)
Hardy, Porter, Jr. (D)
Jennings , W. Pat (D)
Marsh, John 0. , Jr. (D)
WASHINGTON
Horan, Walt (R)
May, Catherine (R)
Tollefs on, Thor C . (R)
Westland, Jack (R)
WEST VIRGINIA
Hechler, Ken (D)
Kee, Elizabeth (D)
Staggers , Harley O. (D)
WISCONSIN
O' Konski, Alvin E. (R)
Reus s , Henry S . (D)
Schadeberg, Henry C. (R)
Thomson, Vernon W. (R)
Van Pelt , William K. (R)
Zablocki, Clement J. (D)
WYOMING
Page 288
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1(1 Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 37 ( Broadcast 422) September 1 6, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
DARKNESS I S DESCENDI NG ON THE LAND
In the beginning, we do not see many overt acts of tyranny. Only occasionally, and under confused circum
stances, does a midnight pounding on the doO rout from bed some citizen whose sole crime is criticism
of all-powerful government. Only occasionally, when a man's fight fOt' justice can be calumnied as a selfish
stand against progress, is a citizen jailed without trial, and held as an example to intimidate othen. Only
occasionally is a military hero of the Republic stigmatized as mentally ill and incarcerated without formal
process or permission to make bond, because the 1'uling tyranny, in momentary rage or panic, hated the man
as a symbol of resistance.
In the beginning, tyranny is subtle, its actions explained as necessary steps against enemies of the public
good, its iron fist hidden in a velvet glove, its death's-head grin masked as a smile of paternal benefi
cence. By the time the naked power of the police state is unsheathed and brandished boldly for all to see
and cringe befOt'e, it is often too late for an intimidated populace to take action.
Ac cbe oacsec oi cbe Kenne1y a1o|n|scta:|on, cbe Ptes|1enc an1 ocbet New Itonc|et spo|es
oen ca||e1 apon:be Aoet|can peop|e co sba|e o :be|t apa:by an1 co 1eve|op an |niotoe1 an1
acc|ve |ncetesc |n :be gteac po||c|ca| ptob|eos oi oat c|oe. Tbe Ptes|1en: sctesse1 cb|s cbeoe | n
b| s i|tsc |naagata| a11tess an1 aga|n | n b|s i|ts c ::aceoicbeLn|onmessage. Inb|s:caceoicbe
Ln|on message ( janaaty )u, l )6l , cbe Ptes|1encsa| 1.
"Let it be clear that this administration recognizes the value of daring and dissent-that we
greet healthy controversy as the hallmark of healthy change."( !)
y dissent) cbe Ptes|1en: 1| 1 noc oean 1|ssenc itoo any acc ot|1eaoi b|s beiote cbe en1 oi
b|si|tsc yeat|noii|ce,Kenne1ywasca|||ngb|sct|c|cs | ttespons|b|e ianac|cs, 1|scot1anc vo|ces oi
excteo|so, an1 coanse|ots oi ieat an1 sasp|c|on. ycbe en1oi l)6l, cbe Ptes|1enc's coanselots
wete 1eoan1|ng :ba: consetvac|ve ct|c|csoicbea1o|n|s:tac|on be silenced) an1 cbe Ptes|1enc was
oov|ng iascco |op|eoenc cbe|t 1eoan1s.
Page 289
Reuther' s Recommendations
tn Deceobet l), l )6l, Wa|cet Reacbet pte
sence1 co Accotney Geneta| Robetc Kenne1y a
oeootan1ao wb|cbba1beenptepate1byWa|
cets btocbet, V|ccot , on Tbe Ra1|ca|R|gbc |n
Aoet|ca To1ay. ' ''
Reacbet congtaca|ace1 cbe Kenne1y a1o|n|s
ctac|on iotsay|ng batsb cb|ngs aboaccbe ta1|ca|
t|gbc, bac 1eoan1e1 acc|on |nscea1 oi wot1s.
HeteatepassagesitoocbeReacbetoeootan1ao
on cbe ta1|ca| t|gbc .
"President Kennedy's addresses in Seattle and
Los Angeles on November 1 6 and 1 8 [ 1 961 ] evi
denced both a deep concern with, and a pro
found understanding of, the serious problems
injected into American life by the growing
strength of the radical right . . . .
"If the Administration truly recognizes this
as a serious problem, as it certainly appears to
do, it is most important that President Kennedy's
addresses in Seattle and Los Angeles be imple
mented . . . .
"The radical right or extreme right-wing, or
however it may be designated includes an un
known number of millions of Americans of view
points bounded on the left by Senator Goldwater
and on the right by Robert Welch . . . .
"The radical right moves the national political
spectrum away from the Administration's pro
posed liberal programs at home and abroad . . . .
"What are needed are deliberate Administra
tion policies and programs to contain the radical
right from further expansion and in the long
run to reduce it to its historic role of the impotent
lunatic fringe . . + .
"The radical right poses a far greater danger
to . . . this country . . . than does the domestic
communist movement. "( 3)
eacbet saggesce1 cbac ta1|ca| t|gbc otgan
|zac|onsbep|ace1oncbe Accotney Geneta| ssab
vets|ve||sc, a|on w|cb cbe coooan|sc patcy, an1
cbac cbe|t tan|s be |nn|ctace1 by cbe IBI. Tb|s
woa| 1bea oo||c|ca| oatgeoioajot otoootc|ons.
Noce cbac ta1ica| tigbc inc|a1es :enacot Go|1
wacet an1 evety oc|et Aoet|can as consetvac|ve
as,otooteconsetvac|vecban,cbe:enacot.Reacbet
a1o|cs cbac cbe naobet |s |n cbe o||||ons, an1
gtow.ng.
Tbepact|ocsoiAoet|caatecobebtan1e1sab
vets|ve, an1 oac|awe1.
Ic can bappen here. In1ee1, cbe po||cescace
patgeoipact|ocs bas a|tea1y began. Ac ptesenc,
cbete ate no v|s|b|e s|gns, no cang|b|e ev|1ence,
cbac Kenne1y p|ans co io||ow Reacbet s tecoo
oen1ac|on aboac btan1|ng an1 oac|aw|ng cbe
o||||onsoiAoet|cans wboate as consetvac|ve as
Batty Go|1wacetAoet|cans wboo Reacbet
|abe|s as ta1|ca| t|gbc. Bac cwo ocbet Reacbet
tecoooen1ac|ons oi eqaa|, |i noc 1eepet, |o
potc , ate|ncbeptocessoi|op|eoencac|onbycbe
Kenne1y a1o|n|sctac|onwete, |n1ee1, a|tea1y
be|ng |op|eoence1, |n patc, as Kenne1y po||cy
beioteReacbetsabo|cce1 b|s oeootan1ao. One
|nvo|ves cbe o|||caty silence all Ilradical right"
expression by military officers, and use military
establishments as pressure groups to support ad
ministration policies. Tbe oc|et |nvo|ves btoa1
casc|ng. banish any IIradical right" expression
from radio and television, and convert these media
into propaganda agencies for governmental pro
grams.
The Mi l itary
JbeReacbetoeootan1aocoRobetcKenne1y
tecoooen1e1 oazz||ng oi a|| o|||caty omcets
wbo cb|n| coooan|so |s a cbteac w|cb|n cbe
Ln|ce1 :caces an1 wbo 1|sagtee w|cb Kenne1y
a1o|n|sctac|on po||c|es oi accoooo1ac|ng an1
appeas|ng c|e :ov|ecs abtoa1. Anc|coooan|sc
omcets wbo cannoc be s||ence1 sboa|1 be te
oove1,byoneoeansotanocbet, itoocbeAtoe1
Iotces. A|| oi c||s, accot1|ng co Reacbet, |s co
be 1one an1et cbe ptecexc oi sepatac|ng o|||caty
petsonne| itoo patc|san po||c|cs. Ac cbe saoe
c|oe, cbose o|||caty omcets wbo agtee w|cb Ken
ne1y ate co be encoatage1, even ot1ete1, co
spea| an1 acc omc|a||v |n sappotc oi Kenne1ys
po||c|ca| ptogtaos.
Tb|s|swbacReacbettecoooen1s. I||s|sw|ac
Kenne1y |s 1o|ng.
Page 290
Tbe oazz||ng oiant|coooan|st ocets |n tbe
AtoedIotceswasaoajotconttovetsydat|ng.|e
ntst yeat oi Kennedy s ado|n|sttat|on y t|e
beg|nn|ng oi l )6, aot|coooan|sts bad been s|
|enced ot iotced oat oi tbe setv|ces. Tb|s was
done, exact|yasReatbetbadtecoooended,andet
tbe ptetex. oi |eep|ngo| ||taty petsonne| oat oi
conttovets|a|po||t|ca|oattets. Inja|y,l )6, bow
evet tbe ado|n|sttat|on otdeted o|||taty petson
ne| to |ntetvene aggtess|ve|y |n tbe oost contto
vets|a| po||t|ca| oattet oi a|| t|oe, |n sappott oi
tbe Ptes|dent s tac|a| ptogtao.
tnja|y .6, l )6, Robett :. mcNaoata, :ec
tetaty oi Deiense, |ssaed a d|tect|ve, qaa| Op
pottan|ty|ntbeAtoedIotces, otdet|nga||o|||
taty coooandets to ta|e act|on |n and aga|nst
c|v|| |ancoooan|t|esatoando|||tatybases, wben
evettbosecoooan|t|esdonotwbo||y sappotttbe
Ptes|dentstac|a| ptogtao.
Tbeaatbotoitb|sd|tect|ve|sAdao\atoo||n
s|y, w|ose patents ate notot|oas coooan|st
itontetsand wbobasa tecotd oi patt|c|pat|on |n
coooan|stact|v|t|ess|nceb|sandetgtadaate days
at Hatvatd.
Tbepatposeoitbe\atoo||ns|y d|tect|ve | sto
|op|eoent tbe ptogtao oi tbe Ptes|dents Coo
o|ttee On qaa| Oppottan|ty ln Tbe Atoed
Iotces, appo|nted |njaneoil )6z.
On jane l , )6, tbe cooo|ttee oat||ned |ts
scbeoe |ot tac|a| eqaa||ty |na)page tepotten
t|t|edqaa| |tyoiTteatoentandOppottan|tyiot
Negto M|| |taty Petsonne| :tat|oned W|tb|n tbe
Ln|ted :tates, popa|at|yteiettedtoastbeGese||
Repott, aitet tbenaoe oi a Wasb|ngton, D. C,
|awyet, Getbatd A. Gese||, wbo | s cba|toan oi
tbePtes|dentscooo|ttee.
TbeGese||Repottwaswt|ttenbya:actaoento,
Ca|| iotn|a, negto attotney, Natban|e| :. Co||ey,
sa|d tooe an omc|a| oi tbe Nat|ona| Assoc|at|on
iottbeAdvanceoentoiCo|otedPeop|e.
Hete|sonepassageitootbe)pageGese||Re
pott, now |op|eoentedasb|nd|ng|nsttact|onson
tbe Atoed Iotces, bv tbe \atoo||ns|y d|tect|ve,
|ssaed on ja|y z6, l )6, |ntbe naoe oi tbe :ec
tetaty oi Deiense.
"Segregation and other forms of discrimination
in facilities in a given locality, detrimental to the
morale of Negro personnel at a neighboring mili
tary base, must cease. The commander should,
of course, attempt by means available to him
community committees, persuasion, emphasis of
th
.
e ?ase's importance to the local economy-to
elImmate such practices. In situations in which
these eforts are unsuccessful, the commander
should develop a plan under which military per
sonnel of all races would be permitted to patron
ize only those facilities which receive his express
approval + .
Broadcasti ng
JbeReatbetoeootandaotoRobettKennedy
|s, aoong otbet tb|ngs, a t|ssae oi ia|se |ns|naa
t|ons wb|cb aooant to oatt|gbt ||es aboat tbe
tad|ca| t|g|t. Reatbet |ns|naatestbatconsetva
t|ves ate otgan|zed |nto c|andest|ne, andetcovet
otgan|zat|ons |av|sb|y nnanced by oeans wb|cb
v|o|atetbenat|on stax|aws, andtbattbey doo|
nate tad|oand te|ev|s|on btoadcast|ng, to tbeex
c|as|on oi ||beta| coooentaty W|tboat be|ng
spec|nc, Reatbet dat||y b|nts tbat tbe Iedeta|
Coooan|cat|ons Cooo|ss|on oast do sooetb|ng
toban|sbtbe tad|ca| t|gbt itoo tad|o and te|e
v.s.on.
ln ttatb, oost const|tat|ona| consetvat|ves ate
notptonetoj o|notgan|zat|onsTbosewbobe|ong
to t|e jo|o |:c| :oc|et. and s|o||at gtoaps ate
oatspo|enaooat|t, ptoad oitbe|t stand iotcon
st|tat|ona| pt|nc|p|es, tty|ng a|ways to edacate
otbets |n tbose pt|nc|p|es. Tbey bave vety | |tt|e
ooney,andno accessto national te|ev|s|on.
I ptobab|, bave w|det te|ev|s|oncovetage tban
an. otbet const|tat|ona| consetvat|ve news coo
oentatot. I |ave one niteeno|nate te|ev|s|on
ptogtaoonceawee|. It|sacondensat|onoitb|s
pab||sbedReport. Itbasbeenon te|ev|s|onsta
t|ons |na )state west coast atea, andet tbe spon
sotsb|p oi Dt Ross Pet Iood Coopany oi Los
Ange|es, s|nce eat|y ). mote tecent|y, I bave
acqa|te1 sponsotsb|p on s te|ev|s|on stat|ons, | n
4 statesoats|cetbeDt. kossCoopanysoat|et|ng
atea.
Page 291
mybtoadcast |s ptesented coooetc|a||y by tbe
ntos wb|cb sponsot |t. In a|| cases, tbe stat|ons
sell t|oe to oy sponsots, at tbe|t tega|at tates,
andontbesaoe bas|s tbattbeyse|| t|oe to otbet
sponsots wboadvett|se w|tb otbet newscoooen
tatyptogtaos.
1n l )6z,tbe:abcooo|tteeonTaxAdo|n|stta
t|on, oi tbe Ca| | iotn|a Leg|s|atate, andet tbe
cba|toansb|p oi Cbat|es H. W||son, aDeooctat,
|nvest|gated tbe advett|s|ng ptogtao oi D. B.
Lew|s, Ptes|dent oi tbe Dt. Ross Pet Iood Coo
pany, to deteto|ne, aoong otbet tb|ngs, wbetbet
mt. Lew|swasv|o|at|ngotabas|ngCa||iotn|atax
|aws |n tbe sponsotsb|p oi oy btoadcasts.
On Octobet l , l )6z, mt. W||sons sabcooo|t
tee sabo|tted |ts tepott. Hete ate pett|nent ex
cetpts .
"The Lewis Food Company of Los Angeles, a
California corporation, producer of 'Dr. Ross
Dog and Cat Food,' sponsors the news commen
tator Dan Smoot, whose views on national and
international questions may be described as con
servative.
"The sponsorship of this program extends to
32 television and 52 radio stations in eleven
western states.
"The committee can find no abuse of the de
ductibility privilege in this sponsorship . . . . Mr.
Lewis is getting value out of his advertising dol
lar. We find no abuse of the intent of the law in
the sponsorship of news and public afairs com
mentators, notwithstanding the fact that they
might reasonably be classifed as 'extremists.' Dan
Smoot's weekly commentary difers only in con
tent, not in kind, from that of Howard K. Smith,
Chet Huntley, or David Brinkley."
Jb|sbasbeen tbeexpet|enceoioybtoadcast
|n a|| ateas. Nowbete, bas oy btoadcast caased
|ega| act|on aga|nst oe, oy sponsots, ot tbe sta
t|ons. Anovetwbe|o|ngoaj ot|ty oitbe||sten|ng
aad|ence tesponds iavotab|y to oy onceawee|
news coooentaty on te|ev|s|on. Wby ? Because
there is a vast, tnsatisfied public hunger for tele
vision programs analyzing the news from the view
poin! of a wnstitutional conselvative. A maj ority
oiAoet|cans ateconsetvat|ve desp|tetbe iact
tbat tota||tat|an | |beta|s contto| tbe govetnoent
and a|| |tsoa|t|b||||ondo||attaxnnancedptopa
gandaagenc|es,andcontto|anddoo|nateoostoi
tbe oaj ot newspapets and oagaz|nes, a|| oi tbe
te|ev|s|on netwot|s, and oost oaj ot tad|o and
te|ev|s|on s:a:|ons |ntbenat|on.
tonsetvat|ves bave oote accessto tad|o tban
to te|ev|s|on. my own tad|o btoadcast |s coo
oetc|a||y sponsoted on l stat|ons |n zc states.
Tbeteate,petbaps,aba|idozenotbetconsetvat|ve
tad|o ptogtaos d|stt|bated nat|ona||y and teacb
|nga|atgeaad|ence,andtbeteatelocal consetva
t|ve tad|o coooentatots.
Onte|ev|s|on,tbete|sa|soanan|nownnaobet
oi local consetvat|ve coooentatots , bat there is
not one television commentator, with national
coverage, who expresses the viewpoint of consti
tutional conservatives.
None oi tbe te|ev|s|on netwot|s w||| se|| t|oe
totespected, |eg|t|oate sponsots wbo wantto ad
vett|sew|tboybtoadcast. And|nsooec|t|es, oy
sponsots bave been anab|e to bay t|oe on any
television station. Hoaston, NewOt|eans, Kansas
C|ty,Boston,NewYot|tbeseatespec|i|coaj ot
c|t|es wbete tespected bas|ness otgan|zat|ons
wb|cbwanted to sponsotoy te|ev|s|on btoadcast
weteanab|etobayt|oeonanyte|ev|s|onstat|on.
In a|| cases, t|oe was ava||ab|e |i oy sponsot
woa|d ptesent an apptoved ot ||beta| coo-
oentatot. In oany c|t|es wbete oy te|ev|s|on
btoadcast |s on tbe a|t, tbe stat|ons tann|ng |t
donot |||e |t. Tbey tan|t, becaaseoy sponsot|s
agoodcastooetwbo|ns|sts,andbecaasetbepab
||c tesponse |s ovetwbe|o|ng|y iavotab|e.
be Reatbet oeootandao ( deve|op|ng |ts
ia|se |ns|naat|on tbat tad|ca| t|gbt ptogtaos
tece|ve iavoted tteatoent by btoadcast|ng sta
t|ons, oent|oned one p|ace wbetea tad|ostat|on
( WLW, |nC|nc|nnat| , so|d t|oe iota consetva
t|ve btoadcast bat woa|d not se|| t|oe iot tbe
LAW ptogtao ca||ed ye Openet. Reatbet
sa|d act|onaga|nst WL W, iot tb|s condact,' was
pend|ng beiote tbe ICC. In tb|s connect|on, I
oiiet an |ntetest|ng conttast.
Tbe sponsot wbo wanted to bay t|oe iot oy
te|ev|s|on btoadcast |n Kansas C|ty was to|d by
Page 292
a|| tbtee stat|ons |n tbat c|ty (WDAI, KmBC,
an1KCmO, tbatt|oewasava||ab|eant||t|ey
1|scovete1tbat|ewante1tosponsotme. A||sta
t|ons t|en ioan1 t|at t|oe was not ava||ab|e iot
my ptogtao. my potent|a| sponsot wtote to t|e
ICC to see w|et|et |e |a1 any te1tess t|toagb
t|e ICC to iotce t|e stat|ons to se|| t|oe iot my
btoa1cast. T|e ICC, by |ettet 1ate1 jane zu,
l)6, |niotoe1 oy sponsot tbat t|ete |s no
statate ot Cooo|ss|on Ra|e w||c| woa|1 g|ve
||o te1tess.
J||s |s tbe s|taat|on |n nat|ona| te|ev|s|on.
tota||tat|an | |beta|s |ave a v|ttaa| oonopo|y an1
bave |a1 s|nce tbe beg|nn|ng. T|ete ate scotes
oi nat|ona| netwot| te|ev|s|on news ptogtaos
(oost oi tbeo daily) , oi t|e Howat1 K. :o|t|
an1 Hant|eyt|n||ey an1 Wa|tet Cton||tetyoe,
wbosetepott|ngoi t|enews somet|mes |s oiien
s|ve to we|| |niotoe1 consetvat|ves In a11|t|on
totbat,t|ePtes|1entan1omc|a|s|nt.eexecat|ve
estab||sboent|ave|nstantaccesstoa||oassoe1|a
comman|cat|on, w|tb itee t|oe, to a1vocate t|e
ptogtaos oitota||tat|an| |beta||so. Not one con
setvat|veotgan|zat|on|asavo|ceonnat|ona|te|e
v|s|on, an1 not one const|tat|ona| consetvat|ve
coooentatot |as a nat|ona| te|ev|s|on covetage.
\et t|e Reat|et btotbets |n Deceobet, l)6l,
a1v|se1RobettKenne1yto|avetbeIe1eta|Coo
oan|cat|onsCooo|ss|on1osooetb|ngaboatget
t|ngt|eta1|ca|t|g|t o tbea|t.
T|eICC|asnow 1one sooet||ngw||c|w|||
eventaa||y ( |i sooet||ng |snot 1one, ban|s| oe
an1 evety otbet consetvat|ve coooentatot itoo
evety ta1|o an1 te|ev|s|on stat|on |n tbe nat|on,
an1 | |o|t a|| btoa1cast|ngstat|ons to t|e to|e oi
coooan|cat|ons me1|a| ntbe:ov|etLn|ontbe
to|e oiptesent|ng not||ng bat ptogtaos govetn
oenta||y apptove1.
The Two-Edged Sword
tn ja|y z6, l )6, tbe Ie1eta| Coooan|ca
t|ons Coom|ss|on sent a Pab||c Not|ce to a|| ta-
1|oan1te|ev|s|on stat|ons, a1v|s|ngt|eo oi t|e|t
Respons|b|||t|es an1et tbe Ia|tness Doctt|ne as
to conttovets|a| |ssae ptogtaoo|ng. Hete |s tbe
ia||text.
"Several recent incidents suggest the desirability
of calli'ng the attention of broadcast licensees to the
necessity for observance of the fairness doctrine
stated by the Commission in its opinion of June 1,
1949 in Docket No. 8516. The Commission adheres
to the views expressed in that opinion and continues
to apply that policy, namely, that the licensee has
an affirmative obligation to afford reasonable op
portunity for the presentation of contrasting view
points on any controversial issue which he chooses
to cover.
"The Commission has undertaken a study to con
sider what actions, perhaps in the form of a primer
or rules, might be appropriate better to define cer
tain of the licensee's responsibilities in this area.
Without undertaking at the present time to specify
all, or the most important, applications of the policy,
it is appropriate to call attention to the Commis
sion's view of its application in three currently im
portant situations :
"( a) When a controversial program involves a
personal attack upon an individual or organiza
tion, the licensee must transmit the text of the
broadcast to the person or group attacked, wher
ever located, either prior to or at the time of the
broadcast, with a specific offer of his station's
facilities for an adequate response (Clayton W.
Mapoles, 23 Pike & Fischer, R.R. 586, 591 ; Billings
Broadcasting Company, 23 Pike & Fischer, R.R.
951, 953) .
"( b) When a licensee permits the use of his facil
ities by a commentator or any person other than
a candidate to take a partisan position on the
issues involved in a contest for political office or
to attack one candidate or support another by di
rect or indirect identification, he must immedi
ately send a transcript of the pertinent continuity
in each such program to each candidate concerned
and offer a comparable opportunity for an ap
propriate spokesman to answer the broadcast
(Times-Mirror Broadcasting Co. , 24 Pike & Fisch
er, R.R. 404, 405) .
"( c) When a licensee permits the use of his facil
ities for the presentation of views regarding an
issue of current importance such as racial segre
gation, integration, or discrimination, or any
other issue of public importance, he must offer
spokesmen for other responsible groups within
the community similar opportunities for the ex
pression of the contrasting viewpoints of their
respective groups. In particular, the views of the
leaders of the Negro and other community groups
as to the issue of racial segregation, integration, or
discrimination, and of the leaders of appropriate
groups in the community as to other issues of
public importance, must obviously be considered
and reflected, in order to insure that fairness is
achieved with respect to programming dealing
with such controversial issues ( Editorializing Re-
Page 293
port, 1 ( Part three) Pike & Fischer, R.R. 201,
204-206 ; cf. WBNX Bctg. Co. , Inc., 4 Pike &
Fischer, R.R. 242, 248) .
"In determining compliance with the fairness doc
trine the Commission looks to substance rather than
to label or form. It is immaterial whether a par
ticular program or viewpoint is presented under the
label of 'Americanism,' 'anti-communism' or
'states' rights' or whether it is a paid announce
ment, official speech, editorial or religious broad
cast. Regardless of label or form, if one viewpoint
of a controversial issue of public importance is pre
sented, the licensee is obligated to make a reasonable
effort to present the other opposing viewpoint or
viewpoints.
"The Commission does not seek to prevent the
expression of any viewpoint by any licensee on any
issue. It does seek to prevent the suppression of
other contrasting viewpoints by any licensee on any
issue when licensed broadcast facilities have been
used for the presentation of one view of the issue.
This is required by the public interest standard of
the law."
Pote
cateial|ypatagtap| c . . lt|spatt|calat
|y concetne1 w|t| btoa1casts on t|e tac|al qaes-
t|on bat |ncla1es all |ssaes oi pabl|c |opot
tance.
Ptact|ca|ly evety ta1|oan1telev|s|onstat|on |n
t|e coantty |as |ntetptete1 t|e ICC not|ce as a
1|sct|o|natoty po||cy aga|nst consetvat|ve btoa1
casts . | |betals ln patt|calat . |ea1ets oi t|e
Negto . . . gtoaps . can1eoan1t|oetoanswet
consetvat|ve btoa1casts, bat consetvat|ves oay
not 1eoan1 t|oe to answet | |betal btoa1casts.
:ac| 1|sct|o|nat|on 1oes seeo to be t|e |ntent
oit|eICCNot|ce,batt|eICC 1oesnotspec|i|
callysayso,becaaset|eICC|asnolegalt|g|tto
ot1etsac|b|as.
Hence, t||s ICCNot|cecoal1 be a twoe1ge1
swot1.T|eteatep|t|ial|yiewconsetvat|vebtoa1
casts on ta1|o an1 telev|s|on. l|betals can |atass
stat|ons an1 sponsots |nto cancel|ng a| | oi t|eo
by1eoan1|ngiteet|oeiottebatta|.W|at|io||
l|ons oi Aoet|can consetvat|ves 1eoan1e1 eqaal
t|oe to answet | |beta| btoa1casts ? Ptact|cally
a|l telev|s|on 1ocaoentat|es an1newsana|yses,
an1 sta1|es|n1ept| ateslante1towat1 l|betal
|so. Ii consetvat|ves, |n t|e o|l l|ons, telentlessly
1eoan1e1 eqaa| t|oe to answet a|l||beta|btoa1
casts,t|eta1|oan1telev|s|onstat|ons patt|calat
|y te|ev|s|on. woa|1|ave t|oe iot ||ttle else.
Mow can btoa1cast stat|ons ptotect t|eo
se|ves ? As a gtoap, t|ey s|oal1 1eoan1, an1
|eep on 1eoan1|ng by pt|vate oeans an1
t|toag| t|e|t pab||c iac|l|t|es . t|at Congtess
enacta |awna|||iy|ngt|e ICCIa|tness Doctt|ne
an1 a|| ot|et ICC ta|es an1 1|tect|ves not abso
| ete|ynecessa:y iottechnical tegalat|onoibtoa1
cast|ng Meanw|||eant|| Congtess actsbtoa1
cast stat|ons coal1 ptotect t|eoselves by | |teta|
|ntetptetat|on oi a |ey p|tase |n t|e ICC Ia|t
nessDoctt|neNot|ce, as |tptesently stan1s.
Inpatagtap| c. ,ICCsayst|atastat|onw||c|
a|lows a btoa1cast exptess|ng a v|ewon an |ssae
oi pabl|c |opettance, oast oiiet similar 0 p por
tunities iot t|e oppos|ng v|ewpo|nt. Many sta-
t|ons|ave |ntetptete1 t||s tooeant|att|eyoast
1onate eqaal t|oe iot ||beta|s to answet a con
setvat|ve btoa1cast, even t|oag| t|oe iot t|e
consetvat|ve btoa1cast was sol1 at tega|at tates.
y sac| o|s1|tecte1 |ntetptetat|on, t|e stat|ons
ate catt|ng t|e|t own t|toats. Ii sooeone wants
to answetone oi oybtoa1castsbygett|ngacoo
oetc|alsponsot tobay t|oe iot||o, eqaa| to t|e
t|oe t|at was boag|t iot oe, peto|tt|ng ||o to
1o so woal1 be oiiet|ng ||o similar opportunity
to exptess ||sv|ew. To give ||o t|oe w|en oy
sponsots|a1topay iotoyt|oe. w|ll, |nt|een1,
e|t|et ban|tapt t|e stat|on o: iotce cancellat|on
oi oy btoa1casts
:tat|on KATLTV |n Pott|an1, Otegon, |as
a|tea1y not|ie1 oy sponsot Dt koss. t|at oy
btoa1cast w||| be ban|s|e1 itoo t|e stat|on, be
caase t|e stat|on ant|c|pates expense an1 ttoable
|n one:|ng itee t|oe to answet
:tat|onWOAlTV|n:anAnton|o,Texas,now
tans an annoanceoent aitet each oi oy btoa1
casts, say|ng T||s stat|on vo|antat||y sol|c|ts
tespons|b|e 1|ssent|ng v|ewpo|nts to conttovets|al
oattets 1|scasse1 |n t|e ptece1|ng ptogtao.
mysponsot |n :an Anton|o .mt. Loa|s m|c|
ael, Ptes| 1ent oiTtav|s:av|ngs & loanAssoc|a-
Page 294
t|on, pays t|e stat|on a sabstant|al sam iot my
btoa1castt|mebecaaseconsetvat|sm|sgoo1a1vet
t|s|ng iot ||s bas|nessan1 becaase|e|sa 1e1|
cate1patt|otw|obel|eves|nconst|tat|ona|govetn-
ment mt M|c|ael comp|a|ne1 ve|emently aboat
t|etagw||c|labe|smybtoa1cast conttovets|a|
an1 oets t|me to answet |t To no ava| | .
WOAI tan a t|tee|oat NBC 1ocamentaty
slante1 aga|nst consetvat|ves w|o |ave a states
t|g|ts v|ew on t|e tac|al qaest|on Hant|ey
an1 Bt|n|ley, w|t| t||tty m|nates a 1ay ou
WOAITV, somet|mes s|ant t|enews an1 e1|to
t|al|ze |n iavot oi l|betal|sm T|ete |s a an|on
commentatot on WOAITV w|o not on|y e1|to
t|al|zesbattt|esto|nc|te||saa1|enceto|obby|ng
an1 boycott|ng act|v|t|es A womancommentatot
on WOAITV |as |aa1e1 t|e Ln|te1 Nat|ons
an1 |ats||y con1emne1 |ts ct|t|cs. T|e stat|on
cons|1ets none oi t|ese conttovets|a| |n t|e
sense t|at t|me s|oal1 be oiiete1 iot con
setvat|ve tebattaleven t|oag| WOAI petson
ne| a1m|t t|at w|en t|ey tan t|e |oat NBC
1ocamentaty on t|e tace qaest|on. t|e stat|on
tece|vec 4) telep|one calls, 46 oi t|em itom
|tatec|t|zens w|o tesente1 t|eptesentat|on.
Ptact|callyevetyta1|oan1te|ev|s|onstat|on| n
t|e nat|on gave many |oats oi covetage to t|e
negtomatc| on Was||ngton, Aagastzs. Bayat1
Rast|n ( negto w|o was secon1 |n comman1 oi
t|e ma:c|, |a1 itee t|me on te|ev|s|on netwot|s
( an1 on ta1|o, to ptesent 1eman1s as to w|at
t|e Congtess an1 peop|e oi Amet|ca mast 1o.
Bayat1Rast|n|asa 1|sgast|ng pol|cetecot1asa
mota| 1egenetate
No consetvat|ve |as been g|ven netwot| t|me
to answet |ate|nc|t|ng comments ma1e by pet
vetts an1 comman|st itontets, w|o spo|e to t|e
nat|on on telev|s|on, itee oi c|atge, on Aagast
zs
ast mont|, I |a1 a btoa1cast ct|t|c|z|ng t|e
Test an Tteaty tecently negot|ate1 |n Moscow
Dean Man|on |a1 a btoa1cast on t|e same sab
j ect :evetaltelev|s|onstat|onsteiase1to tan my
btoa1castont|etteaty I 1onot|now|owmany
stat|ons teiase1 to tan Dean Man|ons btoa1cast
ont|etteaty
An att|c|c |n t|e :eptembet z, l)6, |ssae oi
Broadcasting tevea|s, |owevet, t|at t|e C|t|zens
Comm|ttee iot a Nacleat Test Ban Tteaty 1e
man1e1 itee an1 eqaa| t|me itom cc btoa1cast
|ng stat|ons (mostI y ta1|o, w||c| |a1 tan t|e
Man|on btoa1cast ct|t|c|z|ng t|e test ban tteaty
T|e 1eman1s wete ma|le1 on Aagast z. By
Aagast z ), t|e Comm|ttee |a1 tece|ve1 tepl|es
itom aboat l c stat|ons, most oi t|em oiiet|ng
t|e Comm|ttee free t|me to answet t|e man|on
Iotam btoa1cast, a|t|oag| t|me iot t|e Man|on
btoa1casts |a1 been sold.
:ome stat|ons wtote t|e ICC, as||ng w|et|et
t|eymastgive t|metoanswetconsetvat|vebtoa1
casts w|ose t|me |a1 been purchased at tegalat
tates An ICC oii|c|al sa|1 t|e comm|ss|on
coal1n tanswet t|e qaest|on, s|nce t|e comm|s
s|on |a1 nevet sett|e1 t|e |ssae ' `'
What Can Be Done
1i consetvat|ve commentaty |s ban|s|e1 itom
t|e a|tways, t|e caase oi const|tat|onal govetn
ment |s 1oome1 W|at can yoa, an |n1|v|1aal,
1oaboat |t? Patagtap| ( a, oit|eICC Ia|tness
Doctt|ne Not|ce says
"When a controversial program involves a
personal attack upon an individual or organiza
tion, the licensee [ the station] must transmit
the text of the broadcast to the person or group
attacked, wherever located, either prior to or
at the time of the broadcast, with a specifc ofer
of his station's facilities for an adequate re
sponse . . . .
Any iactaal, consetvat|ve comment aboat t|e
UN, otgan|ze1 labot, ot any govetnmental pto-
gtam can be cons|1ete1 a petsona| attac|
w||c| 1eman1s a1eqaate tesonse itom t|e
"attacked. " But when liberal commentators de
noance a|l consetvat|ves as t|g|tw|ng ctac|pots
Page 295
an1 pta|se ptogtams an1 otgan|zat|ons w||c|
consetvat|ves|nowtobe|atm|altot|e|tcoantty,
w|llt|eICC sptov|s|on|ot a1eqaate tesponse
apply?
Consetvat|ves coal1 tea|ly convett t||s ptov|
s|on |nto somet||ng e||ect|ve |ot oat s|1e.
1nevetyc|tyt|toag|oatt|ecoantty, consetva
t|ves coal1 |otm a |ocal Otgan|zat|on |ot t|e
Ptotect|on o| Consetvat|ve Op|n|on |n Btoa1
cast|ng , ocets coal1 be e|ecte1, |ettet|ea1s
pt|nte1 ac| otgan|zat|on coal1 sen1 not|ces to
|ts loca| btoa1cast|ng stat|ons, l|st|ng sabj ects
w|t||n t|e otgan|zat|on s scope o| |ntetest ( t|e
nat|onal ba1get, |ote|gn a|1, |ote|gn pol|cy, t|e
LN, otgan|ze1 labot, e1acat|on, states t|g|t, an1
soon, T|econsetvat|vegtoapcoal1teqaestttan
sct|pts o| all ptopose1 btoa1casts 1eal|ng w|t|
sac|sabj ects,|naccot1ancew|t|t|eIe1etalCom
man|cat|ons Comm|ss|ons Pabl|c Not|ce, sab
patagtap| ( a, , |ssae1 on )aly z6, l)6.
I|t|estat|on1oes not coopetate, t|e consetva
t|ve gtoap coa|1 wt|te t|e ICC |n Was||ngton,
ma||nga |otmal compla|nt, sen1|ng cop|es o|t|e
lettet to t|e local stat|on.
vety t|me a ||betal btoa1cast |s ma1e on a
local stat|on, toac||ng on any sabj ect o| |ntetest
to t|e local Otgan|zat|on |ot t|e Ptotect|on o|
Consetvat|ve Op|n|on |n Btoa1cast|ng, t|e Ot
gan|zat|oncoa|1 1eman1 |tee an1 eqaa| t|me to
answet In1|v|1aa|s w|o cannot |otm an otgan
|zat|on|ott||spatpose,can,an1s|oal1,actas|n
1|v|1aals.
1|anytespons|bleconsetvat|ve s|oal1 1eman1
an1geteqaal t|me to answet a l|betal btoa1cast,
an1 t|en |eel t|at |e |ac|s t|me ot |ac|l|t|es to
ptepate a ptopet ptesentat|on o| ||s own v|ews,
I w|l| |en1myte|ev|s|on|||m, |tee o|c|atge, |ot
sac| tebatta| patpose :|nce eatly l), evety|s
sae o| my Report |as been sammat|ze1 |ot tele
v|s|on an1 ta1|o btoa1cast|ng. A |a|t|y a1eqaate
sapply o| t|ese ttansct|be1 btoa1casts |as been
ptesetve1 T|ey covet a w|1e tange o| sabj ects
w||c| | |betals 1|scass |n ways oens|veto con
setvat|ves
1| t|e ICC teally wants t|e oppos|ng v|ew
to |ave |tee oppottan|ty |ot exptess|on, an1 | |
stat|ons tea||y want tog|ve away btoa1cast t|me
|ot t|at patpose, we consetvat|ves s|oal1 |elp
t|em oat We s|oa|1 c|allenge evety l|betal
btoa1castan11eman1t|me|otoatownv|ew, on
evety ta1|o an1 te|ev|s|on stat|on |n Amet|ca
I| a le|tw|ngcomm|ttee,atg|ng tat|ucat|ono|
atestbantteatyw||c|coal1ptove1|sasttoas |ot
oatcoantty,canget |teetebattal t|me|tom|an
1te1s o| btoa1cast stat|ons, w|y cant we ? We
can|| we w|ll
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "The State of the Union-Address of the President of the United
States," Confl'eJSiona/ Rec01d, January 30, 1961, pp. 1 360-4
( daily ) , pp. 1 427- 3 1 ( bound)
( 2 ) The Pal' Ri/ht, by Donald Janson and Bernard Eisemann, Mc
Graw- Hi l l Book Company, Inc., 1963, pp. 227- 32
( 3 ) "The Radical Right i n America Today," by Vi ctor G. and
Walter P. Reuther, The Ch" istian Beacon, August 1 5 , 1 963,
pp. 4-5
(4) "The Gesell Report and Perversion of the Mission of the
Mili tary," speech by United States Senators John Stennis ( Demo
crat, Mississippi ) , Barry Goldwater ( Republican, Arizona) , and
others, ConfI'eJSioIlC! Recol'd, July 3 1 , 1963, pp, 1 3005- 14 ( daily )
( 4 ) Militm'Y Cold IVaI' Education alld SPeech Reliiew Policies, Hear
ings before the Special Preparedness Subcommittee of the Senate
Armed Services Committee, 1 962, Part IV, pp. 1 491 -2
( 6 ) "Gesell Report," speech by Uni ted States Representatives L.
Mendel Rivers ( Democrat, South Carolina) , Joe D. Waggonner,
Jr. ( Democrat, Louisiana) , Louis C. Wyman ( Republican, New
Hampsh i re) , and others, COIlfI'eJS;ona! Record, August 7, 1963,
pp. 1 3548-99 ( daily )
( 7 ) "Equal time requests follow Manion show," Broadcast;nf Sep
tember 2, 1963, pp. 61 - 2
DISTRIBUTE COPIES OF THIS REPORT AS WIDELY AS POSSIBLE. WE CONSER
VATIVES MUST ACT NOW.
Page 296
M
Ifl Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 38 ( Broadcast 423) September 23, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
REORGANIZI NG FOR STALEMATE
DAN SMOOT
tn Matc| 6, )6, Ln|te1 :tates Reptesentat|ve Paa| I|n1|ey (Repab||can, I|||no|s , , te
m.n1|ng ||s assoc|ates t|at t|e Const|tat|on p|aces apon Congress t|e tespons|b|||ty o| ta|s|ng
an1 ma|nta|n|ng atme1 |otces |ot t|e Ln|te1 :tates, p|ace1 |n t|e Congressional Record ( pages
Al | 6: , an att|c|e wt|tten |ot The Saturday Evening Post byHansonW. Ba|1w|n, m|||taty an
a|yst |ot The New York Times. Hete ate assages |tom t|e Ba|1w|o att|c| e.
"The unifcation of the armed services sponsored by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McN a
mara poses some subtle and insidious dangers . . . . almost as great a threat to a secure and free
nation as the attempted military coup . . . .
"For the kind of unifcation being practiced and preached today has ominous overtones. It
is dangerous to the Nation's political system of checks and balances, dangerous to the contin
ued development of sound military advice and efective military leadership, dangerous to man
agerial and administrative efciency.
"Mr. McNamara is, frst and foremost, trying to make the armed services speak with one
voice and attempting to reduce greatly or eliminate altogether interservice competition . . . .
"Objections or dissent, even to Congress, are discouraged, muted or, when possible, stifed.
Mr. McNamara has pressured the joint Chiefs of Staf to sign written statements testifying
to Congress that the administration's defense budget is adequate. He has censored, deleted and
altered statements to Congress by the Chiefs of the services and their secretaries. He has down
graded, ignored, bypassed or overruled the advice of the Joint Chiefs of Staf . . . .
"For 175 years of our history, separate Army and Navy Departments (and then an Air Force)
provided a natural interservice system of checks and balances. The services did not speak with
one voice, and politically this was a desirable safeguard. They balanced each other, and their
Secretaries provided contrasting viewpoints at Cabinet level. Now only the Secretary of Defense
is a Cabinet ofcer . . . .
Co
py
ri
g
ht by Dan Stoot, 1963. Second class mail privilege authorized at Dallas, Texas.
Page 297
"The latest reorganization of the State-con
trolled National Guard, still opposed by some
Governors, may ultimately extend Washington's
power over the Guard. Such developments rep
resent dangerous weakening of our traditional
military checks and balances.
"Equally threatening to the Nation's future
is the concentration of politico-military power,
not merely in Washington but in one depart
ment . . . . The dollar volumes of military con
tracts amount to more than $20 billion annually,
with billions more in backlog orders outstand
ing. The individual services no longer have the
fnal power to contract. The rewarding or can
cellation of contracts - which may make or break
companies and afect thousands of workers - is
now ultimately controlled by a very few men in
the top echelons of the Defense Department.
"Perhaps the greatest military danger in this
centralization and unifcation is that it overrides
the voice of professional experience and substi
tutes a military party line, a single strategic
concept . . . .
"The 'one voice' unifcation trend in the Pen
tagon presents another potential danger: the de
velopment of future generations of ofcers who
will be essentially military yes-men and conform
ists . . . . without the moral courage or leader
ship qualifcations required by the battlefeld . . . .
"Technical competition between the services
is being discouraged despite the lessons of the
past. The air-cooled and liquid-cooled aircraft
engines which ultimately gave us air supremacy
in World War II were a direct result of difer
ing Army and Navy technical concepts and in
terser vice competition . . . .
"Finally, what about administrative efciency;
what has Mr. McNamara's brand of unifcation
done to the Pentagon? . . . Contracting, budget
ing, progress on weapons systems - even lawn
cutting - is programed and controlled in detail
from various echelons of the Secretary's ofce.
"The reporting and analytical system required
has resulted in a tremendous burgeoning of
paperwork and great increase in numbers and
rank of both civilian and military personnel
assigned to echelons above the fghting services
in the Department of Defense . . e .
"This topheavy system has obvious built-in
delay factors, and, as the record of the Mc
N amara administration shows, it is far harder
to start a new project or weapons system than it
is to cancel or curtail an old one. In the frst 1 8
months of the McNamara regime, no major new
weapons system was started . . . . the Defense
Department . . . has curtailed, eliminated or
held back such important development projects
as a future manned-bomber system ( the RS-70) ,
the Skybolt air-to-ground missile and the Nike
Zeus anti-ball is tic-missile system . . . .
"Concentration of power in the hands of the
Secretary of Defense has been hastened by the
loosening of congressional control over the Pen
tagon. The power to raise and maintain armies
and navies, conveyed to the legislative branch
by the Constitution, has been watered down as
a result of the sheer immensity and size of the
Defense Department, the tremendous increase in
Executive power, and the weaknesses and mis
takes of Congress itself . . . . Congress, by loose
legislation, conferred upon the President and
the Secretary of Defense such immense power
to reorganize the Pentagon that it has, in the
view of some legislators, virtually abandoned its
former power to check, control, and approve
every detail of defense policy and organiza
tion . . . .
"If the Pentagon ever does speak with one
voice, if the Nation's Armed Forces do come, as
the trend now indicates, to represent a mono
l ithic military-political point of view, both free
dom and security will be in jeopardy through
the slow erosion of democracy into a garrison
state and the stagnant conformity that leads to
combat inefectiveness."
tn may4, l)6, The Saturday Evening Post
pab||s|e1 an att|c|e by Geneta| T|omas D
W||te ( |otmet A| t Iotce C||e| o| :ta, now
tet|te1, w|o sa|1t|at aca1em|ct|eot|sts ( 1e
|ense |nte||ectaa|s , , now |n c|atge o| oat 1e
|ense, |ac| an1etstan1|ng o| wat an1 o| t|e
enemy w|om we may |ave to ng|t. Geneta|
W||te sa|1
"I am profoundly apprehensive of the pipe
smoking, tree-full-of-owls type of so-called pro
fessional 'defense intellectuals' who have been
brought into this nation's capital. I don't believe
a lot of these often overconfdent, sometimes ar
rogant young professors, mathematicians and
other theorists have sufcient worldliness or mo
tivation to stand up to the kind of enemy we
face . . . .
Page 298
"Our military ofcers . . . . will have to carry
out the military aspects of our national strategy.
They will have to fght under the plans and
orders and with the weapons which have evolved
under the infuence of those, often far j unior in
age and experience, who come into Government,
for a few years at most, from colleges and founda
tions . . . . "
Genetal W||tesays t|ec|v|l|an 1eiense |ntel
lectaals ca|l t|e|t own j obs t||n||ng aboat t|c
ant||n|able, w||c| |n |tseli |s a we|g|tless
1teamlan1. T|ese sttategy ma|ets teiase to ac
cept lessons oi m|l|taty ||stoty, an1 t|e expet|
ence oi combat vetetans
T|easpectoit|emcNamata teg|me,most 1|s
tatb|ng to Geneta| W||te, |s t|at tal|ng |ntel
lectaals b a s e evetyt||ngsttategy, weapons
systems, petsonnel acqa|s|t|onon t|e pol|t|cal
|1eal oicompromise, not on t|em|l|taty | 1eal oi
victory: a m|||taty establ|s|ment w||c| 1oes not
p|an to w|n |s not l||ely to w|n, an1 |s mote
l||ely to accept 1eieat t|an to ac||eve acceptable
cooptom:se.
Geneta| W||te s|ows t|at t||n||ngaboatt|e
ant||n|able, by 1eiense |ntel|ectaa|s, |s sap
potte1 by mcNamata an1 |s, ev|1ently, ||s own
p||losop|y as well. :pec|fcal|y, Genetal W||te
notes t|at mcNamata s appeatances beiote Con
gtess|onal comm|ttees 1at|ng )6 |n1|cate t|at
stalemate between Amet|ca an1 t|e :ov|et Ln
|on |s oat ||g|est a|m Geneta| W||te says
"For example, attainment by the Soviet Union
of a second-strike capability would mean, in
simple terms, a very considerable net increase in
our enemy's military strength and nuclear power.
Yet Mr. McNamara is quoted . . . as saying that
the Soviets will achieve a 'sure second-strike ca
pability.' . . . [ and] 'the sooner . . . the better.'
I am dead certain the majority of military men
fatly disagree with the concept that a major
increase in enemy strength is helpful . . . .
tn :eptembet 4, l )6, A1m|ta| Geotge W.
An1etson, C||e| o|Naval Opetat|ons ant|| te
t|te1 |y Ptes|1ent Kenne1y |n Aagast, )6-,
1el|vete1 anangty a11tess tot|eNat|ona| Ptess
Clab |nWas||ngton, D. c. , tepeat|ng, essent|al|y,
t|e atgaments oi Geneta| W||te. Hete ate ex
cetpts itom A1m|tal An1etsons speec|.
"There is . . . alarming peril to obscuring the
role of the military, found in a modern fallacy
that theories, or computers, or economics, or
numbers of weapons win wars. Alone, they do
not! Man is the key to success or failure . . . .
"There are some tendencies which give me
great concern, a concern shared by many in uni
form today and by many who have previously
served their country in military and civilian posi
tions.
,
,
( J )
A1m|ta| An1etson cal|e1 attent|on to s|x spe
c|fc 1evelopments w||c| wotty ||m.
1 . Downgrading military recommendations on
weapons and reversal of military recommenda
tions, such as in the TFX contract;
2. Lack of "confdence and trust between the
military and civilian echelons";
3. Subordination of military experience to
academic theory;
4. Overcentralization in the Defense structure
which can "kill imagination, stultify initiative
and completely eliminate the efectiveness of
those . . . who have gained wisdom and expe-
.
1
nence ;
5. "A tendency to draw conclusions before all
the evidence has been examined";
6. Failure to maintain naval strength while
"the Soviets are moving forward rapidly on the
high seas." ( l )
Background
J|e B|||y m|tc|ell 1|spate oi t|e l ):c swas
an eatly |atb|nget oi t|e ptesent conttovetsy
ovet teotgan|zat|on o| Amet|can m|l |taty estab
l|s|ments, aa1 t|e pab||c 1oes not yet |now t|e
ttat| aboat t|e B|l|y m|tc|ell aa|t Bt|ga1|et
Genetal B|||y m|tc|e||, L. :. Atmy, |as been
popalat|ze1 as a patt|ot w|o sact|fce1 seli to
btea| t|toag| t|e wa|l oi stay |gnotance an1
attogance w||c| |ept oat Atme1 Iotces itom
accet|ng new |1eas. B||ly m|tc|el|, t|e legen1
goes, was t|e teal Ioan1|ng Iat|et o| Amet|can
a.t powet.
Page 299
B|lly M|tc|ell 1|1 iotesee mote cleatly t|an
some t|e |mpottance oi a|t powet He wanted
t|eA|t Cotps ( t|enmetelyasect|onoit|eAtmy
:|gnal Cotps, elevate1 to a Depattment, on a
pat w|t| t|e Atmy an1 t|e Navy. A s|gn|ucant
patt oi t|e M|tc|ell obj ect|ve |as been |gnote1,
|owevet, |n 1tamat|zat|ons oi ||s case M|tc|e|l
wante1 an A|t Iotce Depattment to |ave not
only a monopoly oi all m|l|taty av|at|on, bat
also aatoctat|c cont+ol oi commercial av|at|on
an1 oi private a|tctait ba|l1|ng
Ptes|1ent Cool|1ge appo|nte1 an A1v|soty
Comm|ss|on, |ea1e1 by Dw|g|t Mottow, to |n
vest|gate
T|e Dw|g|t Mottow |nvest|gat|on an1 tec
ommen1at|ons eventaate1 |n a teotgan|zat|on
w||c| sepatate1 t|e A|t Cotps itom t|e :|gnal
Cotps, ma||ng |t a sepatatebtanc| oi t|e Atmy.
T|e omce oiAss|stant:ectetaty iot A|t was es
tabl|s|e1 |n t|e Wat Depattment ( t|e Depatt
mentoi t|e Atmy t|en be|ng |nown as t|e De
pattmentoiWat , . AnAss|stant:ectetaty iot A|t
was also establ|s|e1 |n t|e Navy Depattment( 2)
T||s tema|ne1, essent|ally, t|e otgan|zat|onal at
tangement oi Amet|can Atme1 Iotces ant|l aitet
Wotl1 Wat II.
Marshal l ' s Pl an
Iat|ng t|e |eav|est ug|t|ng oi Wotl1 Wat
II, Genetal Geotge C Mats|all, Atmy C||ei oi
:ta, ioan1 t|me to ptopose a genetal teotgan|
zat|on. T|e Mats|all Plan ( tat|et |niotmal|y,
an1s|etc||ly, ptesente1 as a memotan1am c|tca
late1 to ||g| omc|als |n :eptembet, l )4 , be
camet|ebas|san1t|eoatl|neoiagtan1 1es|gn
w||c| |s now teal|z|ng iali|llment an1et Mc
Namata an1 Kenne1y.
Mats|all wante1t|eA|t Cotpssepatate1 itom
t|eAtmy an1 establ|s|e1 as a m|l|taty otgan|za
t|on on a pat w|t| t|e Atmy an1 t|e Navy, bat
|e 1|1 not saggest elevat|ng t|e A|t Iotce to
Depattment level Rat|et, |e wante1 t|e ol1
Depattments oi Wat an1 Navy abol|s|e1, t|e|t
statas as Depattments w|t| Cab|net teptesenta
t|on el|m|nate1. In t|e|tplacewoal1 be one De
pattment oi Wat ( ot Depattment oi Deiense,
w|ose sectetaty woa|1bea membet oi t|e Ptes|
1ents Cab|net, to spea| ( w|t| one vo|ce , iot
a|| t|e Atme1 Iotces T|e t|tee ma|n btanc|es
ot t|e Atme1 Iotces (Atmy, Navy, A|t, woa|1
be on a pat w|t| eac| ot|et bat woal1 not |ave
|n1|v|1aal Cab|net teptesentat|on. Not only
woal1 t|ey be an1et a s|ngle c|v|l|an |ea1 ( t|e
:ectetaty oi Wat, ot :ectetaty oi Deiense, bat
t|ey woal1 a|sobe an1et a s|ng|e m|l|taty |ea1
one c||ei oi sta |nc|atge oi allbtanc|es oi
t|e Atme1 Iotces, answetable to t|e one :ecte
tatyoiDeiensean1tot|ePtes|1ent.( 3)
Atgaments iot sac| a monol|t||c sttactate
|noatAtme1Iotces|avesomet|eotet|calplaas|
b|l|ty e||m|nat|on oi |ntetsetv|ce t|va|ty, bettet
coot1|nat|on oi a|l iotces, el|m|nat|on oi 1apl.
cat|on an1 waste Bat t|e t|eoty |gnotes t|e
lessons oi ||stoty an1 t|e combat expet|ence oi
Amet|can ug|t|ng men
Intetsetv|ce t|va|ty |as been, |n latge patt,
tespons|bleiott|e sapet|ot motale an1 espt|t 1e
cotps w||c| c|st|nga|s| Amet|cans |n combat
w||c| can be, an1 |n many ct|t|cal t|mes |ave
been, mote |mpottant t|an weapons, sappl|es, ot
otgan|zat|on.
Tempotaty attangements iot an|ue1 battle ac
t|on by sepatate (an1 t|val , btanc|es oi
Amet|can m|||taty iotces |ave pto1ace1 bt|ll|ant
saccessesoiten becaase t|e attangements neces
sat|ly leit a gteat 1eal oi leeway iot |mptov|sa
t|on, |ngena|ty, an1 |n1|v|1aal |n|t|at|ve on t|e
patt oi lowet ec|elon comman1ets A mass|ve
m|l|taty opetat|on, w||c| sptea1s actoss t|oa
san1soim||es an1 |nvolvesm|ll|onsoimenw|t|
all types oi eqa|pment an1et a malt|ta1eoi an
pte1|ctable con1|t|ons, can be c|o|e1 to 1eat|
by an|ucat|onan1t|g|tconttol byone 1es| man
at t|e top.
As to waste an1 1apl|cat|on. t|ese ate peten
n|al ev|ls oi bateaactacy, m|l|taty an1 c|v|l|an
T|ete seems to be a law oi ptopott|on w||c|
s|oal1 coanse| as to |eep t|e m|l|taty an1 t|e
c|v|l|an bureaucracy divided and fragmented
|nto t|esmal|est ( t|val , an|tsposs|ble. Waste,
Page 300
1apl|cat|on, an1 |nec|ency o| a govetnmental
an|t,agency,ot1epattment ( m|l|tatyot c|v|l|an,
seem to multi pI y |ngeomett|c ptopott|ons as t|e
s|ze o| t|e an|t increases w||c| means t|at a
govetnmental an|t latge enoag| to |ave a z b|l
l|on 1ollat ba1get |s genetally aboatfour t|mes
as waste|al an1 |neic|ent as one latge enoag|
to |ave a l b|ll|on 1ollat ba1get.
J|eGeotge mats|all cl|qae |n t|e Pentagon
(w||c| |ncla1e1 |sen|owet |n atope, pas|e1
|at1 |ot t|e an|fcat|on plan o||av|ng a s|ngle
C||e|o|:taan1 a s|ngle:ectetatyo|De|ense,
bat t|e t||n p|aas|b|l|ty o| t|e|t atgaments 1|1
not catty enoag| we|g|t. T|ey tesotte1 tos||ll
|al maneavet an1 |ntt|gae.
Inl )46,t|eAtmys H|stot|cal D|v|s|on (sta1y
|ng opetat|ons |n t|e atopean T|eatte 1at|ng
t|e late wat, as|e1 t|tee |otmet c||e|s o| sta
o| t|e Getman Atmy to tell w|at |appene1 on
t|e|t s|1e 1at|ng t|ewat an1 to g|ve t|e|tv|ews
on teotgan|zat|on o| oat Atme1 Iotces. T|e
t|tee wete Genetal Itanz Hal1et ( Getman
Atmy C||e| o| :ta l )s l )4z , , Genetal Katt
Ze|tzlet ( C||e| o| :ta l )4z l)44, , an1Genetal
He|nz Ga1et|an ( l)44 to l )4 , . O| t|e t|tee,
Ga1et|an was bell|getent an1 ancoopetat|ve.
Hal1et an1 Ze|tzlet avo|1e1 ma||ng spec|fc tec
ommen1at|ons, bat 1|1ptepate a ||stot|cal sta1y
tenect|ng oppos|t|on to t|e ||n1 o| centtal|ze1
powet be|ng ptopose1 |ot t|e Amet|can m|l|
taty Hal1et an1 Ze|tzlet ( l||e a gteat majot|ty
o| Getman genetals, |elt t|at t|e s|ngle C||e|
o| :ta attangement ( w|t| t|g|t concenttat|on
an1 an|fcat|ono| powet |n one man, wasa pt|
maty teason |ot Getmany's 1e|eat |t pto1ace1
t|g|1|ty |n t|mes o| ct|s|s, pto||b|t|ng comman1
ets |tom altet|ng plans to meet an|oteseen 1e
velopments, |ol1|ng Getman |otces to a ptecon
ce|ve1 plan o| act|on w||c| battlefel1 1evelop
ments ten1ete1 |neect|ve, even sa|c|1al.( 3 )
T|ese Getman genetals seeme1 |n sympat|y
w|t| Gtan1 A1m|tal Katl Doen|tz ( H|tlets sac
cessot as |ae|tet , w|o tej ects t|e |asc|stcom-
man|st |1eal o| concenttate1 pol|t|calpowet, an1
acvocates a govetnmental system basec on olc
Amet|can const|tat|onal pt|nc|ples.(4)
T|e Geotge mats|all cl|qae o|pol|t|cal man
agets w|o 1om|nate1 Pentagon plann|ng |n t|e
postwat pet|o1, 1|sl||e1 t|e |1eas o| sac| Get
mans as Hal1et, Ze|tzlet, an1 Doen|tz T|ey
tatne1 to t|e bell|cose Ga1et|an |ot a tecom
men1at|on. Ga1et|an |sone o|vety |ew Getman
genetalsw|oa1vocatest|etotal|tat|anstate (an1
w|o |as been act|ve |n total|tat|an pol|t|cs s|nce
Wotl1 Wat II , .'
The Guderi an Pl an
1n )4, Congtess enacte1 a law aat|ot|z|ng
patt|al teotgan|zat|ono|t|e Atme1 Iotces along
t|e l|nes o| t|e mats|all Plan. T|e Navy De
pattment was te1ace1 |tom Cab|net level. T|e
Wat Depattmentwas c|ange1to Depattmento|
t|e Atmy an1 also te1ace1 |tom Cab|net level ,
an1 a new Depattment o| t|e A|t Iotce was
cteate1. T|e t|tee setv|ces wete calle1 7|e Na
t|onal m|l|taty stabl|s|ment, an1 wete an1et
one c|v|l|an |ea1, t|e new :ectetaty o| De|ense.
m|l|tat|ly, |owevet, t|e t|tee setv|ces wete 1|
tecte1 byajo|nt C||e|so|:ta|| (acomm|tteeo|
C||e|s o| :ta teptesent|ngt|et|tee btanc|es,.
Congtess, +|tet b|ttet conttovetsy, |a1 tej ecte1
t|e s|ngleC||e|o| :taattangement )ames Iot
testal ( last :ectetaty o| t|e ol1 Depattment o|
t|e Navy, was name1 t|e ftst :ectetaty o| De
|ensean |tony o| |ate ( ot a 1|splay o| Tta
man|sm, , becaaseIottestalwas t|e |otemost |oe
o| Atme1 Iotces an|bcat|on
T|e l )4 teotgan|zat|on was a comptom|se,
pas|e1 t|toag| Congtess am|1st a |aty o| con
|ase1 an1con|as|ngcon|l|ct Itpto1ace1 a cam
betsomesystem w||c| coal1 not wot|, ( 6) bat |n
l )4s, Getman Genetal Ga1et|an complete1 his
plan |ot teotgan|zat|on o| t|e Amet|can Atme1
Iotces.
T|e Ga1et|an Planwoal1cteate anallpowet
|al m|l|taty 1|ctatots||p w|t| t|e Ptes|1entas |ts
total|tat|an |ea1ot |ts tool. Ga1et|an woal1
not only establ|s| t|e ol1 Getman an|fe1 com
man1 svstem, bat woal1 also pat t|e m|l|tatv
|.g| commanc .n t.g|t conttol oi c|v|l|an av|a
t|on, c|v|l|an ttanspottat|on, an1 c|v|l|an comma-
Page 301
n|cat|ons ( comman|cat|ons |nc|a1|ng ta1|o, te|e
v|s|on, an1 ptess , an1 te|egtap| an1 te|ep|one
setv|ces,
T|eGa1et|anP|an|asbecomea b|aept|nt|ot
a|| L : m|||taty teotgan|zat|on p|ans ma1e ot
attempte1 s|nce l )4. T|e tota| P|an, not yet |n
eect, |s oe|ng ac||eve1 a step at a t|me Con
gtess|aspetm|tte1t|ese1angetoas1eve|opments
by ab1|cat|ng ( |n t|e Reotgan|zat|on Act o|
l )4) ) |ts own const|tat|ona| powets an1 tespon
s|b|| |t|es
J|e Const|tat|on g|ves to Congtess, exc|a
s|ve|y,t|epowetto|eg|s|ate, an1tot|ePtes|1ent
t|e negat|ve to|e o| apptov|ng ot veto|ng w|at
Congtess 1oes ven t|e negat|ve veto powet |s
| |m|te1. Congtess can |eg|s|ate |n 1euance o|
ptes|1ent|a| veto, || twot|.t1s o| oot| |oases
1es|te
T|e Reotgan|zat|on Act o| l )4) tevetses t||s
ptocess, w|t| tegat1 to cetta|nv|ta| mattets, pet
m|tt|ng t|e Ptes|1ent to legislate, te1ac|ng Con
gtess to t|e to|e o| veto|ng w|at t|e Ptes|1ent
1oes :pec|uca||y,t|eReotgan|zat|onAct o| l )4)
petm|ts t|e Ptes|1ent to teotgan|ze t|e execat|ve
estab| |s|ment (abo||s| agenc|es ot 1epattments
cteate1 by Congtess . cteate agenc|es ot 1epatt
ments not aat|ot|ze1 by Congtess , ttans|et te
spons|b|||t|es|toman agencyw|eteCongtess|a1
ass|gne1 t|em, to anot|et agency w|ete Con
gtess|a1not|nten1e1t|etespons|o|| |t|estotest j
T|e Ptes.1ent mete|y sen1s |.s Reo:gan.zat.on
P|ans ( | e , ptes|1ent.a| |eg|s|at.on , to Con
gtess I| Congtess 1oes not veto t|e P|ans w.t||n
6u 1ays, t|ey become |aw
T|e anconst.tat|ona| aat|ot|ty coa|ette1 on
t|e Ptes|1ent oy t|e Reotgan|zat|on Act o| l )4)
was itst ase1, |ot steps towat1 m|||taty centta||
zat|on, |n l ). Ptes|1ent |sen|owet appo|nte1
Ne|son A Roc|e|e||et (membet o| t|e Coanc||
on Iote|gn Re|at|ons, as |ea1 o| a comm|ss|on
to ma|e a sta1y an1 ptoposa| |ot m|||taty te
otgan|zat|on T|e Roc|e|e||et Repott, tecom
men1|ng mote centta|| zat|on o| powet, became
t|e bas.s o| an L.sen|owet Reotgan.zat|on P|an
( sent to Congtess on Apt|| u, l ), an1 no:
vetoe1, w||c| concenttate1 mote powet t|an
t|eteto|ote |n t|e :ectetaty o| De|ense an1 t|e
C|a|tmano|t|e)o|ntC||e|so|:ta( 6)
Step By Step
1tseeme1 at|m|1step moteptopagan1a wot|
on t|e Congtess an1 t|e pab||c was nee1e1 be
|ote bo|1et measates coa|1 be ta|en w|t|oat
atoas|ng t|e nat|on T|e Coanc| | on Iote|gn
Re|at|ons an1ettoo| t|eptopagan1a obsabt|y
an1 anobttas|ve|y, o|coatse.
j Robett Oppen|e|met (notot|oas |otmet as
soc|ateo|comman|stesp|onage agents an1 mem
bet o| t|e Coanc|| on Iote|gn Re|at|ons , wtote
an att|c|e |ot t|e ja|y, l ), |ssae o| Foreign
Afairs ( pt|nc|pa| pab||cat|on o| t|e CIR,, a1
vocat|ng 1eemp|as|s, an1 eventaa| e|.m|nat.on,
o| nac|eat weapons |tom Amet|can Atme1
Iotces, atga|ng|ot convent|ona| |otces an1 atm
aments w||c| m|g|t ( as Geneta| T|omas W||te
now p|tases |t, pto1ace stalemate w|t|, tat|et
t|an victory ovet, comman|st |otces( 7 ) In l )4,
t|eCIRotgan|ze11|scass|ongtoapstosta1y
|ote|gn po||cy an1 1e|ense |n t|e nac|eat age
A|| t|e emp|as|s was on ptevent|ng Amet|can
ptepatat|on|otanuclear wat
Goo1 sense an1 |og|c seeme1 to |ave mote
|n1aenceonpab||ct|oag|tt|anCIReotts|a1
It was obv|oas t|at Amet|ca coa|1 not matc|
t|e comman.s:s|aveemp|te .n manpower |ot t|e
|.n1 o| convent.ona| |otces t|at Oppen|e|met
an1 ot|ets atge1 as to 1epen1 on We coa|1,
|owevet. w|t| oat sapet|ot tec|no|ogy aa1 |n
1astt|a| capac|ty, oatstt|p t|e :ov|ets |n pto1ac
t|on o| nac|eat an1 ot|et new types o|weapons
ltwasobv|oast|att|enextwat woa|1 be|oag|t
w|t| t|e new weapons , t|at |t woa|1 be s|ott
an1 v|o|ent , an1 t|at |t woa|1 ptobab|y be ovet
be|ote mass|ve |an1 atm|es an1 ot|et conven
t|ona| |otces an1 weapons wete evet btoag|t
|nto act|on lntetnat|ona| po||t|ca| events a|so
ma1e |t obv|oas t|at Amet|can 1epen1ence on
|ote|gn bases |e|t as at t|e metcy o| |ote|gn
nat|ons w|o, even |n t|mes o| peace, w|en t|ey
weteont|eAme:.can 1o|e, oitenseeme1 i:|en1
| |ettot|e:ov|etst|antoas Depen1enceonsac|
Page 302
nat|ons fot ase of bases on t|e|t so|l, |n t|mes
oi wat w|en t|ey woal1 be an1et b|ac|ma| |
t|teats by t|e :ov|et Un|on, coal1 be1|sasttoas
A gtow|og pab| |c compte|ens|oo oi sac| ob
v|oas con1|t|oos |e1 to tev|va| oit|e tta1|t|ona|,
an1 soan1, Iotttess Amet|ca concept oi nat|ona|
1eiense. t|e concept t|at we mast 1eien1 oat
|ome|an1, becaase we |ave ne|t|et t|e tespon
s|b|||ty not t|e capab|||ty oi 1eieo1|og ao1 po
| |c|og t|e wot|1
lcaJ|ng m|||taty meo, w|t|combat expet|ence
l||e A1m|ta| Att|at W Ra1iot1pab||c|y
sappotte1 t|e | 1ea oi 1eemp|as|z|ng iote|go
bases an1 iote|gn m|||taty entaog|emeots, atga
|ogiotate1act|onoispen1|ngonconvent|ooa|
iotces so t|at oat tesoatces coal1 be 1evote1 to
pto1act|on oi sac| sapetweapons as m|ss||es
ao1 |ntetcont|oeota|, sapetsoo|c bombets, w||c|
woal1 1etet enemy aggtess|on by t|teaten|ng
enemy 1esttact|on |n t|e event oi wat
|e Coanc|| oo Iote|gn Relat|ons |ntens|ue1
|ts ptopagao1a eotts :ome oi t|e tesa|ts wete
Dt.HentyA K|ss|nget sboo|,Nuclear Weapons
and Foreign Policy, pab||s|e1 |o l ); ( 8) an1,
|n l )s, a Roc|eie||et Btot|ets Iao1 sta1y,
t|e Ga|t|et Comm|ttee Repott, ''' ao1 a Ran1
Cotpotat|on boo| iot t|e A|t Iotce oo |ow
Amet|can m|l|taty iotces coal1 sttateg|ca||y sat
ten1ettoavo|1bloo1s|e1
( ll )
I o esseoce, a|| oi t|ese sta1|es sappotte1
t|e t|es|s t|at conttol oi oat m|||taty estab||s|
ments s|oa|1 be t|g|t|y cooceottate1 at t|e top,
an1t|atemp|as|s | oweapons1eve|opment, sttat
egy, ttoop |o1octt|oat|on, an1 geneta| po||cy
s|oa|1 beon sta|emate an1 comptom|sew|t| t|e
enemy tat|et t|an v|ctoty.
Aat|ot|ze1 by a spec|nc |aw oi Congtess |n
l )s (Deiense Reotgan|zat|on Act, , |seo|owet
too| aoot|et step towat1 |mp|emeot|og t|e Ga
1et|an P|aniatt|et concenttat|ng powet |n
t|e:ectetaty oiDeiense an1 |nt|eC|a|tman oi
t|e )o|nt C||eis oi :ta, s||it|ng tespons|b|||ty
iot military p|ann|ng away itom ocets w|t|
combatexpetience,pattingitint|e|ancsoices|
ocets an1 clv|llans.
McNamara and Kennedy
|t| t|e gtoan1wot| ptepate1, Kenne1y
ao1 McNamata |ave ta|en g|ant stt|1es towat1
coovett|ng t|e Amet|can Atme1 Iotces |nto a
mammot| pol|t|ca|econom|c complex w | o se
spen1|ng 1om|nates t|e nat|onal economy, an1
w|ose pt|maty patpose ( as 1|ctate1 by |ntel|ec
taa|s at t|e top, appeats to be, not 1eiense of
t|e oat|on aga|nst iote|gn enem|es, bat 1eiense
oit|ea1m|n|sttat|on spo||t|ca|obj ect|ves aga|nst
t|e Amet|can peop|e
Ins|ott, Kenne1y an1 McNamata ate p|ac|ng
|o c|atge oi oat 1eienses, not expet|eoce1 m|l|
taty ocets, bat po||t|cal comm|ssats to ptomote
ptogtamsoit|ea1m|o|sttat|on.
Nextwee|. McNamatasComm|ssats
Bound Vol ume VI I I
|e yeat )64 may be t|e most |mpottaot
e|ect|on yeat |n t|e ||stoty oi t|e Uo|te1 :tates
Itomoow ant|| e|ect|on 1ay |o Novembet, l )64,
votets mast |ave iacts aboat w|at |s go|ng on.
Gett|og |at1 iacts aboat t|e pol|c|es an1 pto
gtams oi govetomeot |s becom|og |octeas|og|y
1|ca|t T|e ooose oi censots||p |s t|g|ten|ng.
consetvat|ve oews commentaty |s be|ng c|o|e1
o ta1|o ao1 te|ev|s|oo, majot magaz|oes ao1
oewspapets ate becom|ng mete oat|ets iot gov
etnmeota| ptopagao1a |an1oats
T||scon1|t|onteemp|as|zest|e|mpottance oi
sac| pab||cat|ons as t||s Re P01't w||c| pte
seot aovato|s|e1 ttat|, as|ng t|eConst|tat|on oi
t|eUn|te1:tatesast|etoac|stoneiotevalaat|on.
Iew sac| pab||cat|oos ate st| | | |o exlstence, an1
t|e oambe: |ss|t|n|lng
Oi spec|a| |mpottance ate t|e extenslvely ln
1exe1 boan1 vo|ames oi t|e Repo1't, T|e only
one st||l ava|lable |s Volame VIII ( conta|n|ng
a|| Repo1'ts pab||s|e1 |n l)6z , T||s volame ls
espec|a||y aseia|, ootoo|y iot sta1ents, teac|ets,
writers, and s
p
eakers, but for all who want facts
ioteo||g|teoe1 an1etstan1lng oi t|egteat lssaes
Page 303
oi oat t|me It conta|ns a wealt| oi 1ocamente1
|niotmat|on not ava|lable anyw|ete else |n one
pac|age,sac|as
vot|ng tecot1s oi membets oi t|e nat|onal
Congtessw|o w|ll stan1 iot teelect|on |n l )64,
an accoant oi soc|al|st conttol |n Was||ng
ton,
1eta|lson ie1etalweliateptogtams ,
t|e stoty oi oat NoW|n Pol|cy, an1 oi
steps towat1 satten1et oi nat|ona| sovete|gnty,
a set|es on t|e :apteme Coatts Ptayet De
c|s|on an1 tecommen1e1 act|on iot catb|ng t|e
Coatt ,
t|e iall text oi t|e L : Const|tat|on an1
all Amen1ments, ially |n1exe1, w|t| commen
taty telat|ng t||s ian1amental law to contem
potaty ptoblems
He|niotme1. aset|eBoan1Volameiotcon
stant teietencean1 sta1y, |now t|e bac|gtoan1
oi cattent |ssaes , |eatn to j a1ge yoat teptesenta
t|ve an1 senatots by t|e|t tecot1sso t|at yoa
can vote const|tat|onal|st |n l )64
A l|m|te1 sapply oi Boan1 Volame VIII 1S
st|ll|nstoc| Pt|ce tl c cc 1el|vete1.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Ex-Naval Chief Blasts Pentagon," AP dispatch from Wash
ington, The Dallas Times Herald, September 5, 1 963, p. 4A;
"How Much is our Security 'Jeopardized' ?" U. S. News &
l odd Report, September 1 6, 1963, p. 24
( 2 ) Potl'e,' Polilics ill N(ltioll(ll Sec1lrity, by Eugene E. Wilson
and A. Winfield Chapin, The Barre Gazette Press, Barre,
Massachusetts, 1961
( 3 ) "Our Growing 'Prussian' Staff," speech by U. S. Representa
tive Thomas H. Werdel ( Republican, Californi a ) , Congres
SiOI/(// Recol'd, Apri l 3, 195 1 , pp. 3224-44 ( bound)
( 4 ) Memoirs, by Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz, World Publishing
Company, New York City, 1959, pp. 477-8
( 5 ) Germany's New Nazis, Anglo-Jewish Association, London,
1952, p. 46
( 6) Ulited Stales De/ense Policies Since TVorld TVaI' II, by
Charles H. Donnelly, House Document No. 100, 85th Con
gress, 1 957, pp. 17 ff.
( 7 ) "Atomic Weapons and American Policy," by J. Robert Op
penheimer, Foreign A/fain, Volume 3 1 , No. 4, July, 1953,
Pl
52 5- 35
( 8 ) " Introduction," Nuclear lVeapons and Foreign Policy by Henry
A. Kissinger, published for the Council on Foreign Relations
by Harper & Brothers, 1957
(9) "Report II, International Security; The Military Aspect,"
Prospect for America: The Rockefeller P(nel Reports, Double
day and Company, 1961 , Pl. 93- 1 5 5
( 1 0) Bllsiness l eek, January 1 1 , 1958, p. 26
( 1 1 ) "Review of the Book 'Strategic Surrender,' ' ' by Constantine
Brown, Congressiollal Record, September 1 1 , 1959, p. 1 7549
( dai l y)
in American Civilization,
In 195 1, Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio and television
programs, Smoot spoke to a national audience, giving both sides of controversial issues,
If you think Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting socialism and communism,
y
ou can
Page 304
M
III Smoot Repo,t
September 30, 1963 Dallas, Texas ,
McNAMARA' S COMMISSARS
DAN SMOOT
tn ja|y .6, )6, Robett :. McNamata, :ectetaty o| De|ense, |ssae1a1|tect|ve, qaalOp
pottan|ty |n t|e Atme1 Iotces, ot1et|ngal| m|| |taty comman1ets to ta|e act|on |n an1 aga|nst
c|v|l|an comman|t|es atoan1 m|||taty bases, w|enevet t|ose comnan|t|es 1o not w|o|ly sappott
t|e Ptes|1ents tac|al ptogtam.
T|e aat|ot o| t||s 1|tect|ve | s A1aaYatmo||ns|y, w|ose patents ate notot|oas comman|st
|tontets an1 w|o |as a tecot1 o| patt|c|pat|on |n comman|st act|v|t|es s|nce ||s an1etgta1aate
1ays at Hatvat1.
T|eYatmol|ns|y1|tect|ve |mp|ements tecommen1at|ons o|t|e Ptes|1ents Comm|tteeonqaal
Oppottan|ty |nt|e Atme1 Iotces. Appo|nte1 |n janeo|| )6. ,t|.sComm|ttee|a1sevenmembets
t|tee o| w|om wete negtoes, t|e ot|et |oat be|ng connecte1, |n one way ot anot|et, w|t| t|e
Amet|cans |ot Democtat|c Act|on, t|e Ant|De|amat|on leagae, t|e Nat|onal Assoc|at|on |ot t|e
A1vancement o| Co|ote1 Peop|e, an1 t|e Nat|onal Ltban leagae
On jane , l)6, t|e Comm|ttee sabm|tte1 a )page tepott, popalatly |nown as t|e Gesell
Repott. a|tet t|e nameo|a Was||ngton, D. C. lawyet, Get|at1 A. Gesel|, Comm|ttee c|a|tman.
T|e Gesel| Repott was wt|tten by a :actamento, Ca|| |otn|a, negto attotney, Nat|an|e| : Co|
|ey, ao NAACP omc|a|. ''
1n|te1 :tates Reptesentat|ve joe D. Waggonnet, jt ( Democtat, loa|s|ana, utst btoag|t
t|e Gese|| Repott to pab||c attent|on In ||s ja|y, i )6, news|ettet, Reptesentat|ve Waggonnet
oatl|ne1 some o| t|e Repott s maj ot ptov|s|ons
- More recruiting should be directed toward Negroes, to get more into the services and to
increase the number of Negro ofcers.
- Negroes should be located in jobs throughout the services regardless of their individual
preferences in order to have a few everywhere and in all positions.
6441 Gaston Avenue) . Subscription rates : $10.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 months, $1 8.00 for two years. For frst
Page 305
-Promotion Boards should have more Negro
ofcers, fewer Whites.
-Special Ofcers should be appointed on every
base to handle all complaints of Negroes, and
such complaints should be "encouraged. "
-More Negro girls are to be brought on bases
for social functions and fewer girls who believe
in segregation.
-Negro hostesses should be considered rather
than White.
-Military Police patrols used in neighboring
communities should be integrated.
-Segregated busses should be boycotted.
-Base Commanders should appoint bi-racial
committees in the communities to break down
segregation practices.
-Civic clubs should not be joined if they are
segregated.
-The past policy of complying with local
segregation policies should be terminated.
-The practice of Negroes gravitating to one
base service club and Whites to another should
not be permitted, even though this might be of
their own choosing.
-Methods are suggested for getting around
local segregated housing by leasing homes in the
name of the government and moving Negroes in.
-ROTC units should be cancelled in segre
gated schools.
-The traditional function of the Base Com
mander and Senior Ofcer to run a military
establishment and maintain good community re
lations by staying out of local controversies is
misguided and should be stopped. They should
be encouraged to lead the way to full integration.
-Military personnel should be allowed to pa
tronize only those local establishments which are
integrated and have the "express approval" of
the Base Commander. All others should be placed
off-limits. Approved stores should display plac
ards or decals on their windows and doors to
show they have been approved by the military.
This gives the Base Commander life-or-death
control of the economic life of the community
and the right to subject to military discipline
all servicemen, their wives and children who
shop at other stores of their own choosing.
-Should all these eforts fail to bring about
integration, the Services must consider curtail
ing or terminating activities at these installations.
^ccot1|ng tot|eGese||Reott, m|||taty o
cets ate no |onget to be tate1 iot toiess|ona|
exce||ence, 1evot|on to 1aty, ot saet|ot etiotm
ance T|e|t cateets w||| 1een1 on t|e|t zea| tn
tomot|ng t|e Ptes|1ents o||t|ca| obj ect|ve oi
eniotc|ngtota||ntegtat|on,notj ast|nt|eAtme1
Iotces, bat on t|e c|v|||an oa|at|on oi t|e
nat|on
To gaatantee zea|oas an1 | 1eo|og|ca||y cot
tectbe|av|otont|eattoim|||tatycommaa1ets,
t|e Gese|| Reott tecommen1s ass|gnment oi
sec|a| com|a|nt ocets w|ose to|e |s v|tta
a||y |1ent|ca| w|t| t|at oi o||t|ca| comm|ssats
w|om comman|sts attac| to evety m|||taty com
man1|nt|e:ov|etLn|onT|eGese||Reotta|so
tov|1es iot an |niotmetsystem |ns|1eeac|m|||
tatycomman1s|m||attot|e|niotmetsystem|n
comman|statm|esenab| |ng|niotmetsaboatta
c|a| mattets to byass t|enotma| c|a|noi com
man1, an1 s||e|1|ng t|e |niotmets itom t|e
necess|tyoi|1ent|iy|ngt|emse|vesan1iac|ngt|e
etsonst|eya:case xam|net|eseassages itom
t|eGese||Reott
"Complaints, involving matters relating to a
single person, such as failing to be promoted,
cannot ordinarily be investigated without dis
closing the identity of the aggrieved individual.
This is not true, however, where the complaint
discloses a discriminatory condition on base, such
as a segregated NCO [ Non-Commissioned Of
fcers' ] club. Such conditions can be investigated
and eliminated without the need for identifying
a particular complainant . . . .
"In order to improve the processing of com
plaints at the base level, procedures must be
established which will encourage Negro person
nel to present complaints of discrimination while
eliminating the risk that they will be subject to
criticism or reprisal for so doing. In order to ac
complish this, an ofcer should be designated at
each base to receive such complaints. This of
fcer must have free access to the base com
mander or his deputy for the purpose of com
municating and discussing complaints of dis
crimination. Commanders at bases must, of
course, be held personally responsible for the
Page 306
efectiveness of the system and for conditions
on the base. Discriminatory conditions may exist
even where few complaints are made, and the
commander should be held accountable to dis
cover and remedy such conditions . . . .
"In view of his role as a confidential coun
selor, consideration should be given to the desig
nation of the local legal assistance ofcer as the
ofcer to receive such complaints, but the base
commander should be free to designate the ofcer
best qualifed for such duties, regardless of the
ofcer's other duties. However, the ofcer so
chosen must not be so burdened with other duties
that he cannot efectively deal with complaints
presented to him; he should be so situated that
servicemen can contact and consult him in
privacy; and he should be independent and free
from intimidation by any person in the per
formance of his duties.
"U nder this system, all base personnel should
be repeatedly and periodically advised of the
identity of the complaint ofcer, and further
advised of their right to present complaints.
Service regulations should forbid attempts to dis
courage the presentation of such complaints or
reprisals against complainants, and all person
nel should be advised that such attempts, in vio
lation of these regulations, will subject them to
disciplinary action.
"Such day-to-day eforts to discover and elimi
nate examples of discrimination at the base level
should be checked and supplemented by periodic
feld visits from personnel from the Department
of Defense who are skilled and sensitive in han
dling problems of discrimination and whose full
time energies are devoted to such problems. In
this way, commanders' eforts can be measured
\ T |
"I nfamous . . . Shocking
Omi nous"
. . .
to Aagast 7, l )6, Lo|te1 :ta:es Reptesent
at|ve I. Men1e| R|vets (Democtat, :oat| Cato
||na, |e1a1|scass|on, |nt|eHoase, o|t|eGese||
Repott Heteate exttacts |tom t|at 1|scass|oo.
REPRESENT A TIVE RIVERS: We will have
a number of contributors to this discussion . 4 .
of [ one of ] the most infamous documents ever
devised by human hand, known as the Gesell
report . . . .
Now, you spend over $52 billion a year on
the military. This destroys it . . . . We have
Armed Forces for one reason and one reason
alone, for the defense of the United States of
America . . . .
But . . . this highly infammatory, vicious, and
extremely prejudiced report . . . . takes the mili
tary out of the role of providing for the national
security and plunges them into the role of social
reformers . . . .
REPRESENTATIVE F. EDWARD HEBERT
(Democrat, Louisiana) : I want to read this shock
ing statement from the report . . . :
It should be made clear that ofcers, for show
ing initiative and achievement in this area [ the
area of integrating local communities] will en
hance their .performance ratings and obtain fa
vorable consideration for promotion and career
advancement . . . .
REPRESENTATIVE RI VERS: Anything
short of this will automatically identify this com
mander as uncooperative . . . .
If we live by this and the directives emanat
ing from it, what good is West Point, what good
is Annapolis, what good is the Air Force Acad
emy, what good is the science of warfare, com
bat efciency, combat readiness? . . .
The directive means only those who are will
ing to accept integration completely and without
reservation as a way of life will henceforth be
able to make a career of the Armed Forces of
the United States.
REPRESENT A TIVE H. R. GROSS (Repub
lican, Iowa) : After setting up what will become
a commissar on each base, an ofcer to hear
complaints, the report reads as follows:
All personnel, ofcers and enlisted men, should
be free to contact the ofcer designated to re
ceive complaints at any time without the con
sent, knowledge or approval in the chain of com
mand.
Communications between servicemen and this
commissar [ sic] should be privileged and service
regulations should prohibit the disclosure of such
communications, or the identity of the com
plainant without the serviceman's consent.
This will create . . . the biggest army of
snoopers and informers that the military has ever
heard of. This is an outrage.
REPRESENT A TIVE RIVERS: It could be
the beginning of SS troops in America . . 4 4
Page 307
REPRESENTATIVE DURWARD G. HALL
(Republican, Missouri ) : God forbid that we have
an OGPU or an SS in our military. I would l ike
to associate myself with the remarks of the gentle
man from South Carolina. I have serious doubts
about the military or the legal qualifcations of
this study . . . .
REPRESENTATIVE GEORGE W. AN
DREWS (Democrat, Alabama) : I would like to
ask . . . if this committee report recommends a
spy system to be called a monitor, with an es
pecially sympathetic monitor through the range
of troop levels in order to check on commanders
as to how they carry out this function . . . . Is
it not true that the Communists have such a spy
system and have had it since the beginning of
the Russian Revolution in 1 917? . . .
I can tell you . . . there is such a spy system
and it is directed by a man known as a political
commissar, whose business it is to watch all mili
tary commanders and to report to another agency
on the manner of the performance of that duty.
Mr. Speaker, in my humble opinion, if this
committee report is implemented, and certain
implementing orders have been issued . . . we
are well on the way to dictatorship in this
country . . . .
N ever has our Nation faced such a threat.
Never have we been faced with such devastat
ing implications. The President is playing with
an ominous toy. He would make the military a
political puppet controlled by strings pulled only
by the Executive.
REPRESENTATIVE JAMIE L. WHITTEN
(Democrat, Mississippi ) : One other thing that
has led to the destruction of so many nations is
the fact that instead of trying to have their de
fense establishment strong as can be, for the de
fense of their country, they have had mercenary
soldiers using their funds in foreign lands to get
someone else to do the defending of their coun
try . . . . We do this today . . . . We have about
let military spending be the dominant voice in
everything that goes on around us . . . . We are
spending something like 60 percent of our entire
national budget for what is called defense, much
of it not real defense at all . . . . Economic power
is the instrument of dictatorship j ust as much as
troops or marshals . . . .
The [ Gesell ] report culminates a series of
steps whereby the powers that be - and here
it happens to be the Secretary of Defense-use
the power of the purse, the power of the draft,
the power of the mili tary in the name of the
Commander in Chief, use these things that are
said to be needed to defend our country, in real
ity to destroy everything which we claim Russia
would destroy . . . .
Mr. Speaker, we destroy ourselves at home.
We do to ourselves what it is charged Russia
would do to us.
We see our leaders using troops, economic
pressure, the courts, the marshals, and all the
rest, all, in the fnal analysis, being steps to a
complete dictatorship . . . .
REPRESENT A TIVE LOUIS C. WYMAN
(Republican, New Hampshire) : It is clear from
Mr. McNamara's letter to the President [ Me
N amara's letter of July 24, 1 963, informing the
President that a directive implementing the
Gesell Report was being issued] that he is do
ing so on orders from the White House . . . .
REPRESENTATIVE HEBERT: Adam Yar
molinsky . . . is the author of the new directive
issued by the Secretary of Defense . . . .
Mr. Yarmolinsky has one objective in mind
with an almost satanic . . . zeal - the forced in
tegration of every facet of the American way
of life, using the full power of the Department
of Defense to bring about this change . . . .
I want to tell you something about Mr. Yar
molinsky . . . . He was down in Florida [ during
the Cuban crisis] and he ordered the troops in
tegrated in certain hotels that the military had
rented. He was informed that the Negroes did
not want to be integrated. He said he did not
give a damn whether they wanted to be in
tegrated or not, that they would be inte
grated . . . .
REPRESENT A TIVE MELVIN R. LAIRD
(Republican, Wisconsin) : I have served on the
Board of Advisors of the Air Force Academy, the
Naval Academy, and the U. S. Military Academy
at West Point . . . . It was j ust 2 years ago that
Adam Yarmolinsky made a recommendation to
the Chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel
that the procedures for admittance to the service
Academies, particularly Annapolis, be changed
so that the college board exams and the other reo
quired examinations for admittance . . . be set
aside so that special examinations could be
given in order to aford preferential entrance
treatment . . . .
Page 308
REPRESENTATIVE HEBERT: I am not
as concerned about integration and segregation
as I am concerned about the paramount prin
ciple involved in what we are talking about to
day . . . . It is the principle of using the military
might and power of this country to enforce a
political philosophy of an administration that
is in power at the moment . . . . What General
Walker . . . [ was accused of doing] . . . . is
[ now] being ordered to be done by this Execu
tive order . . . .
The Defense Department is talking out of
both sides of its mouth. On the one hand they
are using the military to enforce these [ integra
tion] orders . . . . [ but] a little segregation
is being practiced [ as a matter of policy] . . . .
Right now on the desk of somebody in the De
partment of Defense are orders to all com
manders not to send Negroes to Iceland . . . .
In that same ofce are orders to commanders
not to send Jews to Egypt and Saudi Arabia . . . .
REPRESENT A TIVE LAIRD: Within the
last month in my State of Wisconsin, the De
partment of Defense has gone beyond its scope
and its responsibility in the awarding of Gov
ernment contracts on a competitive basis. The
clear intent of the Department was to bring
about economic and sociological change through
abuse of its power to review and award con
tracts.
In this case . . . . the low bidder happened to
be a concern in Wisconsin. The award of the
bid was delayed because in answer to a De
partment of Defense questionnaire, this corpo
ration showed that they had no Negroes on their
payroll . . . . In the community involved, there
could not be any Negroes on the payroll as there
are none in the area, and if this were required
by the Department of Defense, it would ne
cessitate the importation of individuals to work
in this community . . . .
It seems to me, this whole operation of the
Department of Defense in the economic and in
sociological areas must be brought under close
examination by the Committee on Armed Serv
Ices . . . .
REPRESENTATIVE HEBERT: The distin
guished Senator from Arizona [ Barry Gold
water] made the statement on the foor of the
other body that the Defense Department had
in its possession the income tax returns of in
dividuals. A denial was quickly and heatedly
issued from the Pentagon . . . . I make this un
equivocal statement here, that the Defense De
partment has in its possession right now dossiers,
little black books, if you please, on leading citi
zens of the State of Mississippi, and I challenge
them to deny it, because if they do I will release
the names and what has been said about them.
I further say to you that the Defense Department
has in its fles economic reports on military bases
in segregated areas and communities.
REPRESENT A TIVE GROSS: . . . . I will say
this, as I have said before, that after reading the
report and reading it thoroughly, if the report
and its recommendations are fully implemented,
and apparently it is going to be made completely
efective by the Secretary of Defense, if I were
a base commander . . . I would get my afairs in
order and resign immediately. I would not want
to be the commander of a single military base
in the United States and be compelled to sub
mit to this kind of a directive and the political
dictatorship recommended in the Gesell re
port . . . .
REPRESENTATIVE WYMAN: For the life
of me I cannot understand what appears to be
a deliberate and intentional scuttling of morale
and efciency in the Armed Forces in this
way . . . .
REPRESENTATIVE OTTO E. PASSMAN
(Democrat, Louisiana) : This is . . . a radical at
tempt to take over our Defense Establishment;
and, in the national interest, it must not be al
lowed to proceed. Upon sober refection the Sec
retary of Defense must surely recognize that i t
is hi s duty to rescind this unjustifed and un
justifable order and, then, promptly to act ac
cordingly . . . .
REPRESENT A TIVE WYMAN: The Con
gress can rescind this Executive order by legisla
tion right now. We ought to do this because
while it is patently a violation of the constitu
tional en joinder that legislation is for Congress
. . . I fear it will be a long day in Siberia before
the U. S. Supreme Court, as presently consti
tuted, . . . decrees [ it illegal ] . . for the mili
tary to legislate in this fashion . . . .
to :eptembet l, l)6, Repteseotat|ve Cat|
V|osoo ( a||beta|Geotg|aDemoctatw|o, |omost
mattets, saotts t|e Keooedy adm|o|sttat|oo,
|ottodacedHRs46cw||c|waswt|tteow|t| t|e
|e|p o| Reteseotat|ves )oe D. Waggoooet, )t. ,
Page 309
I. Idwatd Hebett, aod 1. Meodel R|vets. HR
-46c woald pteveot tbe |mplemeotat|oo of tbe
Gesell Repott, aod make |t a coattmatt|al oeose
fot aoy aembet of tbe Atmed Iotces to ase tbe
powets g|veo tbem by tbe vat|oas McNamata
d|tect|ves Repteseotat|ve Waggoooet sa|d tbete
|s sttoog sappott fot tbe B|ll. If pabl|c sappott
|s sttoog eooagb, |t w|ll pass
Long Chai n of Abuses
1t |s espec|ally |ofat|at|og to tecall tbat Keo
oedy aod McNamata, oow using tbe m|l|taty as
a c!ab aga|ost tbe c|v|!|ao popalat|oo |o coo
oect|oo w|tb tbe most del|cate aod daogetoas
po!|t|cal |ssae of oat t|me, muzzled tbe m|l|taty
w|tb tegatd to ct|t|c|z|ug commao|smptob|b|t
|og m|l|taty off|cets ftom mak|og speecbes tell|ug
tbe ttatb aboat commao|sm.
Tbe PeotagooState Depattmeot pol|cy of s|
leoc|og aot|commao|sts |o tbe m|l |taty setv|ces
became appateot |o )6c dat|og tbe I|seobowet
adm|o|sttat|oo. bat |t d|d oot becoae a coosp|ca
oas aod attogaot afftoot to tbe |ote!l|geoce aod
patt|ot|sm of tbe pab!|c aot|l Keooedy came to
powet.
It was |o jaoaaty, l)6i, aftet Keooedy s |oaag
atat|oo, tbat Adm|tal Atle|gb A. Batke was pto
b|b|ted |tom say|og |o a pabl|c speecb tbat tbe
Sov|ets ate aottastwottby lt was |u Apt|l, )6: ,
tbat Keooedy temoved Majot Geoeta! Idw|o
A Walket ftom commaod |o Getmaoy becaase
Wal|et bad cteated ao aot|commao|st ttoop
|odoctt|uat|oo ptogtam ba|!t oo tbe pos|t|ve
|dea!s o| Iove of God aod Iove of Coaotty It
was |o jaoe, )6 , tbat Seoatot j W|ll|am Ial
bt|gbt sabm|tted b|s |ofamoas memotaodam to
tbe Defeose Depattmeot, atga|og tbat tbe peop!e
sboa!d be kept |u |gootaoce of |ssaes |u tbe Co!d
Wat so tbat tbey w|ll bl|udly sappott wbatevet
pol|c|es tbe Ptes|deot ptoposes aod b
at, tbete
fote all aot|commao|sts aod otbet ctocs of ad ,
m|u|stta:|ou pol|c|es sboald be s|leuc
d ot t
moved ftom tbe Atmed Iotces , aod it was u

Decembet, )6l , tbat Waltet Reatbet sabm|tted
to Attotoey Geoetal Robett Keooedy a memo
taodam tecommeod|og tbe same pol|cy w|tb te
gatd to tbe m|l|taty.
Jbe dt|ve to ttaosfotm Amet|cao Atmed
Iotces |oto a ceottal|zed absolat|sm, |o def|aoce
of tbe lessoos of b|stoty aod tbe combat expet|
eoce of Amet|cao f|gbt|og meo, begao |o i )4
dat|og tbe Roosevelt adm|o|sttat|oo. A majot
step |o tbat d|tect|oo as takeo |o i )4 wbeo
Coogtess aatbot|zed Ttamao to cteate tbe De
pattmeot of Defeose, to speak w|tb ooe vo|ce
fot a!l tbe m|l|taty setv|ces. Io ) aod l )-,
I|seobowet took fattbet steps tovatd mouol|tb|c
au|cat|ou aud begau sb| ft|ug tespous|b|l|ty fot
m|l|taty p!aoo|og away ftom ocets w|tb com
bat expet|eoce. patt|og |t |o tbe baods of desk
o|cets aod c|v|!|aus.
Nooetbe!ess, sttoogw|!!ed m|l|taty meo w|tb
combat expe.|eoce, wbo aodetstaod tbe tea!|t|es
of wat aod tbe oatate of tbe commao|st eoemy,
wete st|!! |o :oottol of tbe m|l|taty setv|ces wbeo
Keouedy became Ptes|deot aod appo|oted Robett
S McNamata Sectetaty of Defeose.
Keooedy aod McNamata bave gtadaally
sqaeezed sacc meo oatsacb meo, fot example,
as Adm|tal Geotge W. Aodetsoo, jt. , temoved as
Cb|ef of Naval Opetat|oos |o tbe sammet of
l )6allegedly becaase of b|s oppos|t|oo to De
feose Depattmeut po!|c|es aod to tbe Te
t B
o
Tteaty. Adm|tal At!e|gb A Batke, wbo teoted I
Aagast, l )6l, a!!egedly becaase of b|s sttoug auo
commau|st v|ews aod b|s oppos|t|oo to defeuse
po!|c|es of ba|ld|og cooveot|ooal fotc
s at tbe
x
peose of geoa|oe oat|ooal defeose w|tb sapetot
oaval a|t aod oacleat powet , Geoetal Tbomas
D \b|tewbo tet|ted as A|t Iotce Cb|ef of Sta
|o jaly, )6 , alleged!y becaase be was c
|t|cal
of defeose po!|c|es wb|cb woald oot p
tm:t t.e
Uo|ted States to develop a defeose agaust m.s
s|les, ot to ase bet |odastt|al poteot|al to ptodace
tbe k|od of a|t powet aod weapooty tbat w
ald
g|ve as aoqaest|ooed sapet|ot|ty ovet tbe Soviets.
^s geua.ue mil itary men were u:ge1 i:o
b|gb p!ace, McNamata aod Keuoedy moved |oto
Page 310
pol|cymak|og posiooos, tbe eggbeadsmeo l|ke
Paal I N|tze, Roswell I G|lpatt|c, aod Coatles
j. H|tco of toe Coaoc|l oo Iote|go Relat|oos ,
Ala|o Iotooveo aod Heoty S Roweo ftom toe
Raod Cotpotat|oo ( ootot|oas fot |ts book |o l )-
oo oow Amet|cao Atmed Iotces coald satteodet
sttateg|callyj . aod wotsetoaoeggbeads meo
l|ke Adam Yatmol|osky.
As Geoetal Toomas D. Wo|te pats |t, toe de
feose pol|c|es of toe Uo|ted States ate oow be|og
fotmalated by p|pesmok|og, tteefallofowls . . .
ptofess|ooal . . |otellectaals, . . . ovetcoondeot,
somet|mes attogaot yoaog ptofesso.s, matoemat|
c|aos aod otoet toeot|sts ' '
1o May, i )6, aftet Geoetal Catt|s IeMay
( A| t Iotce Co|ef of Staj bad test|f|ed toat oe
opposed toe TIX f|gotet plaoe coottact awatd to
Geoetal Dyoam|cs bat was ovettaled by c|v|l|ao
adv|sots, Keooedy aoooaoced toat IeMay woald
be temoved oext yeat. Io toe sammet of l )6,
woeo toe Seoate was tty|og to get oooest m|l|taty
test|mooy cooceto|og tbe test bao tteaty, |t was
obv|oas toat Geoetal IeMay bad beeo told oow
to test|fy. Seoatot Goldwatet maoeaveted Geoet
al IeMay |oto adm|tt|og toat McNamata oad
oevet talked to toe jo|ot Cb|efs of Sta aboat tbe
tteaty IeMay cooceded toat oe woald be aga|ost
toe tteaty |f |t oad oot alteady beeo oegot|ated '
It |s tel|ably tepotted toat tbe jo|ot Co|efs of
ta, |o sec.et test|mooy befote a coogtess|ooal
body, opposed toe test bao tteaty aod eoaaetated
|ts daogets to toe Uo|ted States. Io pab||c test|
mooy, toe same |od|v|daals took a d|ffeteot l|oe.
Ao |onaeot|al segmeot of toe pabl|c |tself |s
also fotced to sappott key adm|o|sttat|oo pol|c|es
saco as fote|go a|d, fote|go ttade, tac|al |otegta
t|oo, aod appeasemeot of commao|sm. To|s |s
aco|eved by ecooom|c ptessates ftom tbe Defeose
Depattmeot (aod otoet b|g seod|og ageoc|es j .
toteats to caocel speod|og aod temove :ostalla
t|oos, ot ptom|ses of mote speod|og aod b|gget
|ostallat|oos.
1o soott . fotc|og m|l|taty meo |oto cootto
vets|al pol|t|cs, totoago |mplemeotat|oo of tbe
Gese| Repott ( wo|co was wt|tteo by a gtoap of
leftw|og tac|al ag|tatots j |s metely toe most te
ceot ev|deoce toat McNamata aod Keooedy ate
ttaosfotm|og oat Atmed Iotces |oto a m|l|taty
pol|t|calecooom|c ptessate complex woose pt|
maty m|ss|oo |s oot defeose of toe oat|oo, bat eo
fotcemeot of toe pol|t|cal ptogtam of Waso|og
too oc|aldom.
in American Civilization
.
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an administrative
.
assist
nt to J. Edgar Hoov
:
r on FBI headquar
ters staf in Washington; and almost four years on general FBI cases In vanous parts of the nation.
In 1951, Smoot resigne from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum. On
.
Facts Forum radio and television
programs, Smoot spoke to a national audience, giving both sides of controversial lssues.
;
ee
enterprise operation fnanced entirely by profts from sales: sales of The fan Smoot
.
eportJ a weekl
y
.
magaz
ne;
and sales of a weekly news-analysis broadcast, to business frms, for use on radlO and televlS1
n as an ad
ertlslUg vehl
le.
The Report and the broadcast give only one side in presenting documented truth about l mportant lssues -the Slde
help immensely -by helping him get more customers for his Repo1t and broadcasts.
Page 311
What To Do
( l j Immed|ate| y aod spec|ncally, tbe pabl|c
sboald atge Coogtess to eoact tbe V|osoo B|ll
( HR 8460) wb|cb woald ptob|b.t .apleoeota
t|oo of tbe Gesell Repott.
( . j Iot tbe loog tao, tbe people sboald stady
tbe vot|og tecotds of Repteseotat|ves aod Seoa
tots to detetm|oe wb|cb ooes sbov aodetstaod|og
aod tespect fot tbe Coost|tat|oo. All wbo do oot,
sboald be voted oat of oGce Tbe Coost|tat|oo
places apoo Coogtess tbe powet aod tespoos|
b|l.ty of ptov|d|og oat|ooal defeose. A coogtess
composed of meo w|tb eooagb bta|os aod |oteg
t|ty to apbold tbe Coost|tat|oo, woald sctap oat
pteseot oow|o, oodefeose pol|c|es aod |o|t|ate a
ptogtam, .ouo|tely less expeos|ve tbao tbe pteseot
ooe, wb|cb woald defeod tbe Uo|ted :tates
aga|ost fote|go eoem|es.
( j Most |mpottaot of all . evety ooe wbo
|oows vbat .s bappeo|og sboald ma|e oax|
mam eott to |ofotm otbets so tbat tbete w|ll
be eooagb atoased aod |ofotmed Aaet|caos to
compel ptopet act|oo |o Wasb|ogtoo.
( 4j To tbe l|m|t of yoat ab|l|ty, d|stt|bate to
otbets sacb |ofotmat|oo as coota|oed |o tb|s
Report} |o tbe Report of last wee| eot|tled Re
otgao|z|og Iot Stalemate, aod |o tbe Report of
jaoe 3, 1 963, eot|tled Plaooed D|ctatotsb. p.
We oet tbese tbtee Reports as a set fot 50.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Gesell Report," discussion by 30 United States Representa.
tives led by Democrat Representatives L Mendel Rivers ( South
Carolina) and Joe D. Waggonner, Jr. ( louisiana ) ; Republican
Representatives H. R. Gross ( Iowa) and louis C. Wyman
( New Hampshire ) , including complete text of Gesell Report.
Congressional Record ( daily) , August 7, 1963, pp. 1 3548-99
( 2 ) Military Cold War Education alld Speech Re1'iew Policies,
Hearings before the Special Preparedness Subcommittee of the
Senate Armed Services Committee, 1962, Part IV, pp. 1491- 2
( 3 ) letter from Nathaniel S. Colley to The Dan Smoot Report,
September 10, 1963
( 4) "Strategy and the Defense Intellectuals," by General Thomas
D. White, The Satll1'day E11ellillg Post, May 4, 1963, pp. 1 0, 1 2
( 5 ) AP di spatch from Washington, The Dalias M01'l1illg News, Aug
ust 20, 1963, p. 1
( 6 ) "rashington Whispers," U. S. News & World Report, August
26, 1 963, p. 28
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Page 312
NAME (Please Print)
STREET ADDRESS
CITY STATE ZIP CODE
M
1tllmoot Rep" t
October 7, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
WHISTLI NG PAST THE GRAVEYARD OF EXPERI ENCE
" W histling past the graveyard oj experience," as Barry Goldwate,' phrased it, Senators voted t o ratijy
the Test Ban Tfeaty -knowing that it Cfeates gfeat dangef jor OUf country, yet yielding conscience and
logic to something they vaguely called hope: hope that all will tum out well. Pefhaps it will: although the
intent oj the treaty is to begin the process oj Amefican surrender, the consequence oj .its " atijication may
put Ba1" Goldwatef in the White House.
As soonas t|eTest BanTteatywas slgne1 ln moscow, :tate Depattment oclals atge1 lm
me1late |eatlngs beiote Ialbtlg|t's Iotelgn Relatlons Commlttee, to iotestall eectlve |eat
lngs by t|e :tennls Commlttee. j. Wllllam Ialbtlg|t ( exttemlst |eitwlnget, w|o ls C|altman
oi t|e :enate Iotelgn Relatlons Commlttee, coal1 be 1epen1e1 on to sabpoena iavotable wlt
nesses. T|e :tennls Commlttee ls t|e Ptepate1ness Investlgatlng :abcommlttee oi t|e :enate
Atme1 :etvlces Commlttee, an1et t|e C|altmans|lpoi jo|n L. :tennls ( Democtat, mlsslsslppl ,
T|e two best consetvatlves ln t|e :enate (Batty Gol1watet an1 :ttom T|atmon1, ate on t|e
:tennls Commlttee :tennls |lmseli |as an aboveavetage consetvatlve votlng tecot1. T|e :tate
Depattment |new t|e :tennls Commlttee woal1 sabpoena oatstan1lng aat|otltles w|o woal1
evalaate t|e Tteaty sole|y ont|ebasls oilts eectont|esecatltyan1saietyoit|eLnlte1:tates.
T|e :tennls Commlttee woa|1 not be sllence1. It |e|1 |eatlngsan1 u|e1a tepott ( :eptembet
), l )6 , w|lc|waspatlnt|eRecot1an1 cal|e1 to t|e attentlon oi evety Lnlte1 :tates :enatot
beiote a vote on tatliylng t|e Test Ban Tteaty was ta|en.
( 2 )
T|e :tennls Commlttee atge1 t|e :enate not to tatliy t|e Test Ban Tteaty, saylng
"From the extensive evidence presented to us, we have come to the conclusion that the pro
posed treaty banning nuclear testing in the atmosphere, underwater, and in space will afect
copy for 25; 6 for $1.0; 50 for $5.50; 100 for $10.00 -each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 313
adversely the future quality of this Nation's
arms, and that it will result in serious, and per
haps formidable, military and technical disad
vantages . . . . At the same time, we are not con
vinced that comparable military disadvantages
will accrue to the nuclear weapon programs of
the U. S. S. R. "( 2)
Tbe Steuu|s Comm|ttee obta|ued |ts |ufotma
t|ou ftom sacb meu as Adm|tal Atle|gb A. Batke
( fotmet Cb|ef of Naval Opetat|ous j , Adm|tal
Attbat W. Radfotd ( fotmet Cba|tmau of tbe
Jo|ut Cb|efs of Staj , Geuetal Natbau I. Tw|u
|ug ( fotmet Cba|tmau of tbe Jo|ut Cb|efs of
Staj meu wbo, uow ftee of pol|t|cal ptes
sates, sttougly deuoauced tbe Test Bau Tteaty
as batmfal to tbe m|l|taty secat|ty of tbe Uu|ted
States.
Geuetal Tbomas S. Powet test|ned tbat tbe Test
Bau Tteaty woald t|e oat bauds aud keep as ftom
develop|ug a m|ss|le system to defeud tbe uat|ou.
Geuetal Powet |s |u cbatge of sttateg|c bombets
wb|cb, aut|l uow, bave beeu tbe gteatest detet
teut to tbe statt of uacleat wat, bat wb|cb ate
alteady be|ug pbased oat, fot eveutaal el|m|ua
t|ou.
Geuetal Betuatd A. Scbt|evet, bead of tbe m|s
s|le developmeut ptogtam of tbe A|t Iotce, gave
tbe same k|ud of test|mouy.
Dt. Idwatd Tellet ( kuowu as fatbet of tbe
Hydtogeu Bombj sa|d.
"A test ban treaty with the Soviet Union would
prevent vital improvements of our atomic ex
plosives as well as foreclose the development of
antimissiles and systems like Nike-Zeus and Nike
X. It would not keep the Russians from cheat
ing. Such a treaty, in sum, would endanger our
security and help the Soviet Union in its plan to
conquer the world." ( 3
)
Spec|ncal|y, tbe Steuu|s Comm|ttee leatued tbat
tat|ncat|ou of tbe Test Bau Tteaty woald pteveut
tbe Uu|ted States ftom.
Testing the vulnerability of our missile-launch
ing systems to high-yield nuclear explosions;
Testing the vulnerability of tnissile warheads
and nose cones to nuclear explosions during at
mospheric re-entry;
Studying atmospheric and high altitude radar
blackout phenomena;
Studying communications blackout phenom
ena which result from high-yield nuclear ex
plosions;
Making full-scale operational tests of anti-bal
listic systems;
Developing high-yield warheads equal to what
the Soviets already have;
Testing the efects of high-yield nuclear weap
ons;
Testing underwater nuclear weapons for im
proved anti-submarine defense;
Making full-scale performance and reliability
tests of our Minuteman and Titan missile sys
tems ( the keystones of our present early warning
and continental defense, whose operational ef
fectiveness is unknown because it has never been
fully tested) ;
Testing the yield and efectiveness of our
largest stockpiled weapons;
Conducting troop training tactical exercises in
the use of nuclear weapons.
b|s ct|t|cally uecessaty teseatcb bas uot beeu
doue betetofote, becaase tbe Uu|ted States bas
doue uo test|ug of b|gby|e|d uacleat weapous
(tbose above i megatousj s|uce i )4. Tbe So
v|ets, |guot|ug tbe|t owu ptom|ses, bave bad a
cout|uaoas, aggtess|ve ptogtam of test|ug b|gb
y|eld weapous Tbe|t latest set|es of b|gby|eld
tests ( i )6i i )6. j ate bel|eved to bave ptodaced
all tbe teseatcb |ufotmat|ou tbe Sov|ets w|ll ueed
fot sevetal yeats.
We bave uoue of tb|s |ufotmat|ou. W|tb tbe
Test Bau Tteaty, we teuoauce oat t|gbt to de
velop |t. W|tboat |t, we coald be at tbe metcy
of tbe Sov|ets.
Why?
|tb all tbese facts befote tbem, 81 Uu|ted
States Seuatots apptoved tat|ncat|ou of tbe Test
Bau Treaty. Why ?
Seuatot Josepb S. Clat|, Jt. , exttem|st l|betal
Page 314
Democtat ftom Peoosylvao|a, stated tbe teasoo
blaotly. l|betals welcomed tbe Tteaty as a step
|owatd total teoaoc|at|oo of Amet|cao |odepeod
eoce, iot tbe |deal oi a ooewotld sapetstate,
pol|ced by a Uo|ted Nat|oos |otetoat|ooal atmy.
Hete |s tbe way Clat| pat |t.
"Personally, I hope that the next step will be
. . . . negotiation . . . of a treaty of general and
complete disarmament under enforceable world
law as advocated by President Kennedy and,
before him, by President Eisenhower . . . .
"This would require the elimination of mili
tary establishments all over the world, including
our own . . . .
"That this is the fxed long-range policy of the
United States was made clear by our President
. . . on September 25, 1 961 , in an address to the
General Assembly of the United Nations . . . .
"This treaty is a very small step in that direc
tion. . . `
bat |s wbat tbe Seoate d|d wbeo |t tat|ned
tbe Test Bao Tteaty. |t too| a step towatd Keo
oedy s obj ect|ve oi desttoy|og tbe Lo|ted States
as a itee aod |odepeodeot oat|oo. Bat oot maoy
Seoatots wbo voted iot tbe Tteaty seemed to
|oow wbat tbey wete do|og |i ooe cao j adge
ftom wbat tbey sa|d.
U. S Seoatot Habett H. Hampbtey ( Democtat,
M|ooesotaj sa|d.
"It is possible that the Soviets might test sub
kiloton devices or weapons in the atmosphere
and not be caught . . . .
"The risk of secret preparations for tests in
the atmosphere and surprise abrogation of the
nuclear test ban by the Soviet Union is one of
the risks which we will assume when we enter
into the treaty . . . .
"The Soviets could prepare in secret for an
extensive series of tests in the atmosphere and
then suddenly abrogate the treaty. Or they could
attempt a program of clandestine tests in the
atmosphere or in space. A third course would
be for them to secretly prepare for a large-scale
series of atInospheric tests while at the saDle tiDle
conducting very small clandestine tests with
limited objectives in the atmosphere which they
might feel had a good chance of escapmg de
tection . . . .
"The risks to our security from a sudden abro
gation of the treaty by the Soviets are derived
primarily from the lead-time the Soviets would
gain over our own testing . . . . `
Seoatot Hampbtey voted | o iavot of tbe Tteaty.
U. S. Seoatot Hagb Scott (Repabl|cao, Peoo
sylvao|a j sa| d.
"Let us never forget that when the Soviet
leaders signed, the mere afxing of a signature
changed nothing in their attitude toward the
United States or their determination to destroy
freedom wherever they could lay oppressive
hands upon it . . . .
"We cannot trust the Soviet Union. Their word
today is a broken promise of tomorrow . . . .
This treaty should be based on our hopes for
the future, our knowledge of the past, our
awareness that one of the signatories must be
constantly under surveillance for planned viola
tions. The security and the prestige of the United
States could hardly be more urgently involved.
"It is the desire of each of us to support the
President of the United States, to support the
foreign policy of the United States. It is my
hope that I can . . . . "( 6)
Seoatot Scott voted |o favot of tbe Tteaty.
U. S. Seoatot W|ll|am Ptoxm|te ( Democtat,
W|scoos|oj sa|d.
"I understand . . . that there are three possi
ble ways under this treaty in which the Soviet
Union, allegedly, could test, in the atmosphere
without being detected. These illegal tests might
give the Soviet Union an opportunity to advance
its art, to advance its knowledge, and advance its
military capability, as compared to ours.
"First, they could test our subkiloton explos
ions and antimissile systems to the extent of de
termining how a nuclear explosion, even a sub
kiloton explosion, might distort our capability
to determine the path of incoming missiles. It
was asserted that we have not conducted those
tests to the extent that we would have liked . . . .
"Dr. Edward Teller . . . raised several pro
found and disturbing questions . . . in the hear
ings. One of the questions he raised relates to
what tests we had planned that we now will
Page 315
cancel in view of the proposed agreement. As
I understand, the tests which he said we had
planned included tests which would develop our
skill in detecting incoming missiles and permit
us to develop a better antimissile system . . . .
"The danger of nuclear war might be greatly
enhanced if one side could obtain a sharp, de
cisive advantage, particularly in the area of an
antiballistic missile system so that that side would
be able virtually to eliminate the retaliatory
power of the other side . . . .
"The question may be raised, 'Are we going
to act the part of the hare and go to sleep by not
testing ourselves, thus giving the Soviet Union
the advantage of testing in the atmosphere in
violation of the treaty?'
"They may thus be enabled to develop a per
fect antiballistic misile defense system which
would give them a supreme advantage and the
opportunity to achieve victory . . e e
"We would not violate the treaty by testing
subkiloton bombs in the atmosphere. The Rus
sians could. If they did, they could do so with
out being detected . . . .
"Russia could be in a position to test during
a period of a very few days, and then fnd that
their system worked, and then initiate a war in
which they would be fairly certain to impose
on us far, far more destruction than we would
impose on them . . . . "( 7 )
Seuatot Ptoxm|te voted | u favot of tbe Tteaty.
U S. Seuacot j. Gleuu Beall (Repabl|cau, Maty
laudj sa|d.
"I frmly believe that the Soviets will not hesi
tate to break this treaty when it serves their pur
pose to do so. We are fully aware of Russia's
record of broken agreements . . . .
"I am mindful of the fact that the Prepared
ness Investigating Subcommittee has fled a re
port stating that the treaty will adversely afect
the future quality of the nation's arms and that
it will result in serious military disadvantages
"Let us place our trust in the path of strength
"( 8)
Seuatot Beall voted |u favot of tbe Tteaty.
U. S. Seuatot Sam j. Itv|u, jt. ( Democtat,
Nottb Catol|uaj sa| d.
"After much deliberation . . . I have decided
to vote to approve the test ban treaty. This is
the most difcult decision I have had to make
since coming to the Senate 9 years ago.
"Candor compels the confession that I shall
cast my vote for approval without great en
thusiasm . . . .
"Despite these assurances [ from the President
and others ] , I would vote without hesitation to
reject the proposed test ban treaty if my j udg
ment permitted me to base my decision solely
upon military considerations. The tragic truth
is that this particular test ban agreement should
never have been negotiated . . . .
"When a Senator votes . . . . in favor of ap
proval, he will vote for approval of an agreement
which imposes upon his country military dis
advantages. If he votes in favor of rejection, he
will vote to cast cold water upon the hopes of
mankind . . . .
"The men of the Kremlin have not changed
their hearts or their purpose . . . . They still
hold fast to their dream of world conquest . . e .
Seuatot Itv|u voted fot tbe Tteaty.
U. S. Seuatot jac| M|llet (Repabl|cau, Iowaj
sa|d.
"A massive series of atmospheric tests was
made by the Soviet Union in 1 961 . From them,
they could have obtained information - and we
have had testimony on this point - which might
have an impact on the security of the United
States . . . .
"There has also been the Cuban confronta
tion, in which the Soviet Union had covertly put
intermediate range ballistic missiles into Cuba;
and on that point Gromyko lied in his teeth to
the President of the United States. Khrushchev
said he would take the Soviet troops out of Cuba,
but he reneged on that. Khrushchev also agreed
to on-site inspections in Cuba, but he also re
neged on that . e e .
"I believe we should evaluate the treaty in
line with these [ events ] .
. .
1 )
Seuatot M|llet voted |u favot of tbe Tteaty.
Dat|ug debate ou Septembet l , l )6, Seuatot
A. W|ll|s Robettsou ( Democtat, V|tg|u|aj sa|d.
"I happen to know, from all the testimony and
also inside confdential advice, that not a single
Page 316
military expert has recommended the treaty to us
from a military standpoint. Is that correct?"
l 11)
Seuatot Heuty M. jac|sou ( Democtat, Wasb
|ugtouj ausweted Robettsou s qaest|ou.
"From a military standpoint, that is correct.
There is no doubt that there are military dis
advantages to the proposed treaty."(
1t
)
jac|sou voted fot tbe Tteaty. Robettsou was
oue of 1 9 wbo voted aga|ust |t.
U. S. Seuatot Romau L. Htas|a (Repab||cau,
ebtas|aj sa| d.
"It is in the spirit of hope . . . that I will cast
my vote in favor of ratifying this limited test
ban treaty . . . .
"Never, in my years of public service, has such
an outpouring of thoughtful, reasoned letters
reached my desk as those relating to the issue
before us . . . .
"Many of those speaking . . . have pointed out
that we cannot trust the Soviet Union to abide
by its terms. This Senator is in full agreement
with that view . . . .
"1 this treaty were dependent upon Soviet
good faith, then I would vigorously oppose it
. . . . But after careful and lengthy consideration
I am persuaded that the treaty does not depend
upon trusting the Russians. This is so because
of the safeguards provided in the President's
letters . .
_ ' J2}
Seuatot Htas|a voted to tat|fy.
U. S. Seuatot Ivetett M. D|t|seu (Repab||cau,
Ill|uo|s j sa|d.
"Think of the propaganda weapon that we
would give N ikita Khrushchev if we failed to
stand up and ratify the treaty. He could go into
all the areas of the world and say to their leaders,
'Did I not tell you for many years that they are
imperialists, capitalists, and warmongers? Here
is the proof. They refused to subscribe to a ces
sation of testing of the hideous weapons that can
snuf out so much life.' . . .
"The treaty will not necessarily stop war. We
hope it will. We hope it is in the direction of
peace. What else can we do except hope? But
is there assurance? None . . . . " (13)
Seuatot D|t|seu voted fot tbe Tteaty.
5euatots, wbo ac|uowledged tbat tbe Tteaty
|s daugetoas, apptoved |t fot tbe as|u|ue teasou
tbat tbe Uu|ted States mast sbow |tself devoted
to peace A gteat uat|ou wbose s|c| leadetsb|p
teuoauces uat|oua| stteugtb aud uat|oual pt|de
invites wat aud e||m|uates tbe poss|b|||ty of peace.
Seuatots, wbo bave cous|steut|y voted dat|ug
tbe past 1 5 yeats to p|audet tbe taxpayets of tb|s
uat|ou fot lav|sb sappott of ptact|cal|y evety otbet
uat|ou ou eattb, sappotted tbe Test Bau Tteaty
fot tbe teasou tbat tbe Uu|ted States mast do
something to w|u apptoval of wotld op|u|ou aud
to sbow tbat we ate well|uteut|oued'
Seuatots wbo |uow tbat |t |s a daugetoas dela
s|ou to t|s| tbe || fe of a uat|ou ou tbe | utegt|ty
aud good seuse of oue mau, aud wbo |uow
spec|uca||y tbat |t |s folly to assame tbat Ptes|deut
Keuuedy cau a|ways be ttasted to do wbat |s good
fot tbe Uu|ted States, voted fot tbe Test Bau
Tteaty becaase Keuuedy gave assatauces.
Tbey voted fot tbe tteaty to |eep Kbtasbcbev
ftom ct|t|c|z|ug as, |uow|ug tbat uotb|ug bat
deat| cau stop Kbtasbcbev' s l|es. Tbey voted fot
|t becaase of |ts po||t|cal advautages, bat uo
oue expla|ued wbat tbe pol|t|cal advautages
m|gbt be. Tbey voted fot |t becaase 80 ot mote
uat|ous bad alteady tat|ned, |uow|ug tbat tbe
tat|ncat|ous ate meau|ug|ess becaase of all tbe
uat|ous wb|cb tat|ned, ouly (tbe U. S. , tbe
U. S. S. R. , aud Gteat Bt|ta|uj ate capable of tbe
act|vity w||c| t|e Tteaty pto||bits.
Gol dwater
Hat most of tbe Seuatots seemed to vote fot
tbe tteaty, metely becaase tbey boped. Batty
Go|dwatet d|scassed tbat bopefaluess.
Of tbe l) Seuatots '' wbo stood aga|ust tbe
Test Bau Tteaty, Batty Goldwatet stood tallest
of all. He sa| d.
"In favor of it [ test ban treaty] , after all is
said and done, is a hope, usually described as a
faint glimmer, that this may be the frst step
toward easing tension in the world. It is difcult,
if not impossible, to argue with a hope. It is an
Page 317
emotional thing; and in its soft and gentle glow,
arguments appear harsh. The more fragile an
illusion, the more rude must seem the attempts
to shatter it.
"I have warned, and will continue to warn,
that nuclear weapons are not the cause of ten
sion in this world; that if all were to disappear
magically overnight, the tension would remain,
so long as world communism remains dedicated
to aggression and obsessed by i ts irrational vision
of man as a mere cog in the machine of history.
"But hope heeds only itself. How does one
remind hope that, hitherto, on-site inspection has
been the qualifcation of our trust of any arms
control scheme? How does one remind hope
that the technology of remote detection still has
not developed fully to a point where it can re
place such inspection? Or how does one tell
hope, sprung from fear, that fallout is less a
present threat than smog and fumes of everyday
life? If we say these things, hope -revulsed -
shrinks from our harsh words. One who says
these things stands alone, a sad, somber, and un
welcome guest in a house of celebrants.
"We are, apparently, well past arguing with
hope. The future will shatter the hope and will
sober the celebrants. But we must wait.
"For my part, and the part of the other few
who must heed other voices in their conscience,
there is only the time now to say why we will
vote, as we must, to oppose approval of this
treaty. I perceive two reasons, basically; and I
have based my decisions upon one.
"First, there is the reason that this treaty is a
political ambush, baited by the necessity of the
Soviet to ease the many pressures upon its tyran
ny . . . Why [ is ] freedom . . . aided by putting
salve on the wounds of tyranny? . . .
"I see no change in the future until or unless
!he objectives of communism . . . change. And
not even hope has spoken to us so far of a change
in those objectives. Rather, all say that the ob
jectives remain unchanged. But hope, it seems,
can hear that truth and still proceed, whistling
past the graveyard of experience . . . .
"But assurances are not facts, promises are
not performances; and I do not feel that free
dom's strength, in a time of freedom's peril, can
be armored by either. Such strength is a matter
of here and now, not of 'if and when.' Real
hope must be founded upon real strength . . . .
"Now the Senate must pardon me for speaking
of real weapons in the real world. As I have
said, the words sound harsh in the glow of hope.
Truth often does . . . .
"Ask the men who must man the missiles
[ about nuclear explosions distorting electronic
circuitry and electronic missile triggers] and
they say tests are needed. Ask if the Soviets
have not already tested in this area and we fnd
that we do not know - but there is ample evi
dence upon which to presume that they have.
"Ask the man upon whose command rests 90
percent of the strategic striking power of this
Nation: Ask General Power the impact of this
treaty upon the strength about which he knows
as much as any man. We have all heard his
answer. This treaty is not in the national in
terest.
"Ask the man whose job it has been to work
with the most advanced weapons system: ask
General Schriever the impact of this treaty. We
all have heard his answer. He felt he could
protect his country better without the treaty.
"And what of the Joint Chiefs of Staff alto
gether? Remember now, if you will, only that
they fnally supported the treaty because of many
safeguards, many promises, and political advan
tages of which others had spoken. But remember
every other day of your life, every day that the
time bomb of communist treachery ticks closer
to detonation, that they spoke and spoke clearly
of military disadvantages under this treaty.
"Pray God that we do not have to remember
that under attack, weakened and unprepared.
"Remember also their warning that a state
of euphoria would be the most deadly conse
quence of the treaty. Remember that as we now
ofcially study increased trade with the Soviets.
Remember it when the next steps are taken, the
pacts proposed, the agreements signed. It is not
too late to remember those things now, but other,
more popular tunes seem to dance in the air . . . .
"I will vote against this treaty because it will
erode our military strength. I will vote against
this treaty because it preserves the enemy's ad
vances in high-yield weaponry while freeing
them to overtake our lead in low-yield research.
We pay a price; they do not.
Page 318
"I do not vote against the hope of peace, but
only against the illusion of it. I do not vote for
war, but for the strength to prevent it.
"I have been told, as have others, I am sure,
that to vote against this treaty is to commit
political suicide.
"I will vote against this treaty because in my
heart, mind, soul and conscience, I feel it detri
mental to the strength of my country.
"If it means political suicide to vote for my
country and against this treaty, then I commit it
gladly. It is not my future that concerns me.
It is my country - and what my conscience tells
me is how best I may serve i t."( 15)
1 do oot agtee w|tb Batty Goldwatet s staod
ou some |ssaes. ( 16) I feel tbat coosetvat|ve eott
sboald be made, betweeo oow aod tbe pol|t|cal
cooveut|ous of l)64, to lay gtoaudwotk fot Io
depeudeot Ilectots ot Tb|td Patty pol|t|cal act|ou
|u case Goldwatet |s uot uom|oated.
Bat my most eatoest ptayet |s tbat tbe Repabl|
cau Cooveut|oo of l )64w|ll uom|oate Goldwatet
fot Ptes|deut. If be |s oom|oated, tbe people w|ll
elect b|m. I was coov|oced of tb|s |u l )6c. I
am eveu mote coov|uced of |t uow.
Goldwatet s speecb aboat tbe Test Bau Tteaty,
aud Ptes|deut Keuoedy's teact|ou, bave cleated
tbe pol|t|cal atmospbete |o tbe Uo|ted States.
Goldwatet spoke oo Septembet l). Oo Septembet
.6, Keooedy, at Salt Iake C|ty, laaucbed tbe )64
pol|t|cal campa|go aga|ust Goldwater. Tbe |ssae
|s oow cleat . |o l)64, tbe people of tbe Uu|ted
States w|ll dec|de. ( j to coot|uae tbe Keooedy
ptogtam of d|smaotl|ug tbe Uo|ted States aud
mak|og |t a belpless ptov|uce |u a ouewotld so
c|al|st system, ot ( z j to elect Batty Gold watet
aod begin the process of teestabl|sb|og tbe Uo|ted
States as a ftee aud |udepeudeut coust|tat|oual
Repabl|c.
1f Keooedy stays | o powet ( ot | f some l|betal
Repabl|cau |s elected to sacceed b|m) , tbe dt|ve
towatd wotld govetumeot w|ll qa|ckeo d|sas
ttoasly.
Tbe alt|mate solat|ou to tbe qaest|ou of bow
we sball tevetse tbe pol|c|es of tbe fedetal gov
etumeot, so tbat tbe Uo|ted States cau satv|ve
|u peace as a ftee oat|oo, w|ll be foaod wbeu tbe
people elect eooagb coust|tat|ooal|sts to couttol
Cougtess. Bat tbe uat|oo may uot last loug eooagb
to nud tbat solat|ou, aoless sometb|ug |s doue
1940. In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard U a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
Page 319
1l l )64 to balt tbe Keuuedy ptogtam. Batty
Goldwatet as Ptes|deut coald balt |t.
Iot )cyeats, tbe ptest|ge, ptopagauda, aud pa
ctouage of cbe Wb|te Hoase bave beeu exetted
|u tbe caase of total|tat|au l|bet|al|sm Uudet tb|s
|unaeuce, m|ll|ous of Amet|caus bave qa|te fot
gotteu, aud mote m|ll|ous bave gtowu ap |u |g
uotauce of, cbe meau|ug of Amet|cau cousc|ta
t|oual pt|uc|ples. Tbe few wbo bave claug to
pt|uc|ples ( cous|steutly ct|t|c|z|ug tbe aucoust|ta
c|oual ptogtams of Roosevelc, Ttamau, I|seu
bowet, aud Keuuedyj bave beeu tteaced as oat
cascs, ctac|pocs, exctem|sts, aud ctoablema|ets
Cl|ug|ug to pt|uc|ple, bowevet, tbe few bave bad
|unaeuce ou pabl|c cboagbt . aud, |u teceut yeats,
cbey bave malc|pl|ed |u uambet. Tbe euotmoas
j ob of teedacat|ug tbe Amet|cau people to au
detscaud aud tespecc tbe pt|uc|ples of cbe|t owu
soc|ety |s audet way. Batty Goldwatet as Ptes|
deut coald complete cbe j ob |u t|me to testote tbe
Repabl|c.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Congrwiona/ Record ( dai ly) , September 1 6, 1963, pp. 1 61 76-7
( 2 ) Complete text of Stennis Committee Report COlg" essiona/
Record, ( daily) , September 1 3, 1 963, pp. 1 6072-5
( 3 ) COlgressional Record ( daily) , September 1 6, 1963, p. 1 62 19
( 4) COllg" essional Reco" d ( daily) , September 1 6, 1 963, p. 1 62 1 0-3
( 5 ) Congressional RecO"d ( daily ) , September 1 0, 1963, pp. 1 5755,
1 5763-4
( 6) Cong" essiolal Rec01d ( dai ly) , September 1 0, 1963, p. 1 5738
( 7 ) Congl'es.riolal Record ( daily) , September 1 0, 1963, pp. 1 5753-6
( 8 ) Congressional Record ( dai ly) , September 1 1 , 1963, pp. 1 5906.7
( 9) Congressional Record ( daily) , September 1 7, 1963, pp. 1 6242-3
( 1 0 ) Congressional Record ( daily) , September 10, 1963, p. 1 5750
( 1 1 ) Congressional Record ( daily) , September 1 3, 1963, p. 1 608 1
( 1 2 ) Cong" wional Rec01d ( daily) , September 19, 1963, pp. 1 6646-8
( 1 3 ) Congressiollal Record ( daily) , September 1 1 , 1963, pp. 1 591 2-6
( 1 4) Here are the 19 U. S. Senators ( 1 1 Democrats, 8 Republ icans)
who voted against the Test Ban Treaty: Barry Goldwater
( Republican, Arizona ) , John L. McClellan ( Democrat, Arkan
sas ) , RIchard B. Russell and Herman E. Talmadge ( Democrats,
Georgia ) , Len B. Jordan ( Republican, Idaho) , Russell B.
Long ( Democrat, Louisiana) , Margaret Chase Smith ( Republi
can, Maine ) , James O. Eastland and John L. Stennis ( Demo
crats, Mississippi ) Carl T. Curtis ( Republican, Nebraska) ,
Edwin L. Mechem ( Republican, New Mexico) , Frank J.
Lausche ( Democrat, Ohio) , Strom Thurmond (Democrat,
South Carolina ) , John G. Tower ( Republican, Texas) , Wal
lace F. Bennett ( Republican, Utah) , Harry Flood Byrd and
A. Wil l i s Robertson ( Democrats, Vi rginia) , Robert C. Byrd
( Democrat, West Virginia) , Milward L. Simpson ( Republican,
Wyoming)
( 1 5 ) COl?fsional Reco" d ( daily) , September 19, 1963, pp. 1 6654-6
( 1 6) See "Political Action For 1964," this Report, June 17, 1963,
pp. 1 89-90
WH A T Y O U C A N D O
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Page 320
M
Itl Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 41 ( Broadcast 426) October 1 4, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
TRADI NG WITH THE ENEMY
tu Aagast 5 , l )6), Uu|ted States, Bt|t|sb, aud Sov|et oc|als s|gued tbe test bau tteaty |u
Moscow. Sbott|y tbeteaftet, tbe Sov|ets sold l b|ll|ou dol|ats' wottb of gold ou tbe Ioudou bal
l|ou mat|et. Iot tb|s gold, tbe Sov|ets obta|ued westetu mouey ( Bt|t|sb aud Aasttal|au poauds,
Amet|cau aud Cauad|au dollats, ot auy otbet catteuc|es des|tedj . (1) W|tb tbe westetu mouey, tbe
Sov|ets cau bay goods auywbete |u tbe wotld.
Ou Septembet ), i )6), U. S Seuate d|scass|ous aboat tat|fy|ug tbe test bau tteaty begau. Oue
wee| latet (Septembet l 6j , tbe Sov|ets coucladed a deal to bay 500 m|ll|ou dollats' wottb oi
wbeat |tom Cauada, 1 00 m|l||ou dollats' wottb ftom Aasttal|a.
D|scass|ou of tbe wbeat deal was |mmed|ately |uj ected |uto tbe Seuate tteaty debates. I|betals
|u favot of tbe test bau saw, |u tbe wbeat deal, ptoof of Sov|et softeu|ug. Tbey euv|s|oued a uew
eta of good feel|ug wb|cb w||l opeu ptontable mat|ets fot westetu goods beb|ud a melt|ug
|tou catta|u. Tbey meut|oued tbe satplas oi Amet|cau wbeat, tbe dw|udl|ug Amet|cau gold
tesetves, aud oat aufavotable balauce oi paymeuts . We sboa|d sell wbeat fot Sov|et gold,
tbas t|dd|ug oatse|ves of sometb|ug we bave too macb of, gett|ug |u excbauge sometb|ug we
bad|y ueed. Reiasal to tat|iy tbe test bau tteaty woa|d c|ose toe doot to tb|s goldeu iatate fot
Amet|cau ttade'
Tbe Seuate tat|ued tbe test bau tteaty by a staud oi - l to i) ou Septembet .4.
bat ate oat ptospects iot ptontable ttade w|tb tbe Sov|ets ? Tbey ate exactly wbat tbey
wete |u l ))) wbeu, teject|ug tbe lessous of b|stoty aud tbe adv|ce oi b|s owu State Depattmeut,
Itau|l|u D. Roosevelt exteuded d|plomat|c tecogu|t|ou to tbe Sov|et Uu|ou. Roosevelt, to w|u
acceptauce of b|s deal, also ptom|sed ptontable Amet|cauSov|et ttade. Tbe ttade uevet matet|
al|zed. Tbe Sov|ets d|d uot waut ttade. Tbey wauted Amet|cau tecogu|t|ou, becaase uotb|ug else
copy for 25; 6 for $1.00; 50 for $5. 50; 100 for $1O.o-each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Copyright by Dan Smoot, 1963. Second class mail privilege authorized at Dallas, Te7Ms.
Page 321
coald save tbe Sov|et tytaooy ftom collapse at
tbe t|me. Amet|cao d|plomat|c tecogo|t|oo gave
tbe desp|sed Sov|ets tespectab|l|ty |o tbe wotld,
saved tbem ftom attack by japao, fasteoed tbe|t
slavety oo tbe Rass|ao people, aod ptesetved tbe|t
opptess|ve teg|me as a tbteat to wotld peace.
Ooce tbey bad wbat tbey waoted |o l))), tbe
Sov|ets cyo|cally tefased to make aoy agteemeot
cooceto|og tbe|t debts to tbe Uo|ted States ( wb|cb
ate st|ll aopa|dj , aod tej ected all eotts to pto
mote commetce betweeo tbe two oat|oos.
Oo Matcb ), l ))), Alexaodet C. K|tk, Amet|
cao Cbatge d' Aa|tes |o Moscow, |o a coondeot|al
tepott to tbe Sectetaty of State, sa|d.
"The Soviet authorities still profess the theory
that . . . the world's economy [ is divided] into
two irreconcilable systems-one socialist and the
other capitalist, between which there is a con
stant struggle. This struggle is carried on by the
Soviet Union mainly by means of its foreign
trade monopoly, which is one of the principal
weapons utilized by the Soviet Union in its en
deavor fully to industrialize the country and to
liberate itself entirely from the necessity of pur
chasing any merchandise in capitalist coun
tries . . . .
"The foreign-trade policy of the Soviet Union
is still unalterably opposed in theory, as well as
in practice, to the foreign commercial policy of
the United States . . . . any deviation from the
Soviet policy which may be detected or surmised
from time to time must still be regarded as iso
lated exceptions to the general policy, which are
practiced for special reasons or purposes. "( 2)
bete bas beeo oo cbaoge |o tb|s Sov|et pol|cy.
Kbtasbcbev bas made tb|s fact abaodaotly cleat.
Iodeed, oo tbe occasioo of tbe s|go|og of tbe test
bao tteaty |o Aagast, l )6), Kbtasbcbev blaotly
told U. S Ambassadot Avetell Hatt|mao tbat
oegot|at|oo of tb|s tteaty tenected oo cbaoge |o
tbe pol|cy ot att|tade of tbe Sov|et Uo|oo.
Wbat spec|al teasoos ot patposes ptompt tbe
catteot Sov|et maoeavets |o fote|go ttade ? Ob
v|oasly, tbe Sov|ets waoted tbe test bao tteaty
because it imposes dangerous military d|sadvau
tages ou tbe Uu|ted States Tbey also waoted |t to
tel|eve tbe stta|o oo tbe|t owo ecooomy. Tbe
u. S. News & World Report oo Octobet , l)6),
tepotted tb|s |tem, as com|og ftom ooe of tbe
Wests best|ofotmed |otell|geoce aoa|ysts
"The U. S. has just about spent Russia out of
the arms race. High cost of space-age arms is
turning out to be too much for Khrushchev. He
cannot keep up the pace and still feed his people,
produce the consumer goods they want or buy
both food and consumer goods elsewhere. He is
desperate for a deal. . .
"Khrushchev is on the ropes. He wants the
U. S. and its allies to help him up. Before we do
that we had better be sure he will not slug us
again as soon as he has his second wind. "( 3)
The Wheat Deal -and Why
1btasbcbev bas adm|tted tbat tbete |s a ct|t|
cal sbottage of wbeat |o tbe Sov|et Uo|oo. If be
bays wbeat ftom as, be w|ll bay oo b|s owo tetms,
oot at ftee matket pt|ces, bat ftom tbe Uo|ted
States Govetomeot, at pt|ces below wbat Amet|
cao coosamets mast pay fot Amet|cao wbeat.
Aod b|s cattate pt|ce w|ll be sabs|d|zed by
Amet|cao taxpayets. Ivety basbel of wbeat tbat
tbe Sov|ets bay ftom as w|ll cost oat taxpayets
at least s|xty ceots.
It w|ll be a good deal fot tbe Sov|et Uo|oo,
bat bow w|ll tbe Uo|ted States ptont ?
Jbete |s pets|steot tamot, |o Wasb|ogtou aud
otbet westeto cap|tals, tbat Ptes|deot Keooedy |s
stt|v|og fot sometb|og to b|de tbe d|sasttoas fa|l
ates of New Itoot|et pol|c|es, aot|l aftet tbe
elect|oo of l )64 Keooedy feats tbat b|s baodl|og
of tbe Cabao ptoblem may caase b|s defeat |o
l )64 Heoce, |t |s bel|eved tbat be bas offeted
Kbtasbcbev a loao of ap to l c b|ll|oo dollats,
|f Kbtasbcbev w|ll get all Rass|ao ttoops oat of
Caba befote elect|oo t|me oext yeat.
It |s also bel|eved tbat Keooedy feats a sevete
ecooom|c deptess|oo, ot eveo collapse, |o tbe
Uo|ted States, becaase of tbe denc|ts |o oat oa
tional badgets aod |u oat balaoce of paymeots.
Tbe govetomeot coot|oaoasly speods mote tbao
|t takes | o, aod tbe oat|oo as a wbole coot|oaes
Page 322
to speod aod g|ve away abtoad mote tbao |t takes
|o ftom sales to fote|go castomets Cooseqaeotly,
oat gold tesetve bas beeo sbt|ok|og at ao alatm
|og tate W|tb oat gold tesetve already more
than totally mortgaged to foreign bankers, eco
oom|c cbaos coald come to tbe Uo|ted States at
aoy momeot. A mammotb ttade deal w|tb tbe
Sov|ets m|gbt tempotat|ly sbote ap fote|go coo
ndeoce |o tbe Amet|cao ecooomy, aod bold off,
at least aot|l aftet elect|oo day, l )64, tbe |oev|t
able cooseqaeoces of oat govetomeot s teckless
foll|es.
Maoy Amet|caos nod |t |mposs|ble to bel|eve
tbat tbe Ptes|deot of tbe Uo|ted States woald
j eopatc|ze tbe v|tal |otetests of b|s coaotty, fot
b|s owo pol|tical ga|o Tbe State Depattmeot bas,
|o fact, natly deo|ed tbat tbe Keooedy adm|o|stta
t|oo bas made aoy sectet deals w|tb tbe Sov|ets.
Tbe oc|al State Depattmeot teasoo fot waot
|og mote ttade w|tb commao|st coaott|es |s tbat
tbe cootacts betweeo Iast aod West wb|cb now
ftom ttade |o peacefal goods w|ll eoable tbe
Uo|ted States to exett |onaeoce oo develop
meots |o commao|st coaott|es aod to take ad
vaotage of aoy favotable aod l|betal|z|og tteods
|o tbe commao|st bloc.
Sacb teasoo|og |s |d|ot|c. Sately we bave bad
eooagb togetbetoess w|tb commao|sts to koow
tbat mote togetbetoess w|ll do ootb|og bat pto
mote tbe|t ptogtam of wotld cooqaest. No ooe,
w|tb aoy koowledge of b|stoty aod aoy seose of
teal|ty, cao bel|eve tbe oac|al Keooedy admio|s
ttat|oo teasoo fot tbe softeo|og att|tade towatd
tbe Sov|et Uo|oo.
1f we caooot bel|eve tbat Keooedy s sttaoge
pol|cy towatd tbe Sov|ets |s mot|vated by tbe
s|mple des|te to save Keooedy pol|t|cally , aod |f
we caooot bel|eve tbe oac|al teasoos fot tbat
pol|cy, wbat ate tbe teasoos ? Cetta|o facts lead
|oexotably to ooe cooclas|oo. tbe Amet|cao gov
etomeot |s detetm|oed to save tbe Sov|et Uo|oo
ftom collapse.
Note tbe follow|og patagtapb.
"Whether we admit it to ourselves or not, we
beneft enormously from the capability of the
Soviet police system to keep law and order over
the 200-million odd Russians and the many ad
ditional millions in the satellite states. The
break-up of the Russian Communist empire to
day would doubtless be conducive to freedom,
but would be a good deal more catastrophic for
world order than was the break-up of the Austro
Hungarian Empire in 1 91 8 + + e e " ( 6)
Tbat patagtapb |s ftom ao att|cle wt|tteo by
Waltet M|ll|s Tbe att|cle was ptepated aod pab
l|sbed ( Apt|l, i )6) j by tbe Peace Reseatcb Io
st|tate It was noaoced w|tb a gtaot of tax mooey
made by tbe Atms Coottol aod D|satmameot
Ageocy. ( 6)
Iot tbe Octobet, l )6), |ssae of Foreign Affairs,
Walt Wb|tmao Rostow, Cba|tmao of tbe State
Depattmeot s Pol|cy Plaoo|og Comm|ttee, wtote
ao att|cle called Tbe Tb|td Roaod. Amoog
otbet tb|ogs, Rostow tecommeods tbat tbe Uolted
States take a slow coatse of act|oo to belp com
mao|st oat|oos bave a place of d|go|ty amoog
otbet oat|oos of tbe wotld. Rostow says tbat tbe
Uo|ted States aod tbe Sov|et Uo|oo actaally d|s
agtee ooly ovet a vety oattow taoge of |ssaes. ' `'
Savi ng The Sovi et Union
Jbe gt|m fact |s tbat s|oce tbe |oaagatat|oo
of Itaokl|o D Roosevelt |o l))), tbe Uo|ted
States Govetomeot bas coos|steotly followed a
pol|cy of tasb|og a|d to tbe Sov|et Uo|oo |o t|mes
of ct|s|s.
Roosevelt saved tbe Sovlets ftom collapse, aod
ftom attack by japao, wbeo be exteoded d|plo
mat|c tecogo|t|oo |o Novembet, l ))). ' ' ' I|gbt
yeats latet, japao attacked tbe Uo|ted States.
Wbeo tbe japaoese sttack Peatl Hatbot, tbe m|l|
taty geo|as of Geoetal Doaglas MacAttbat saw
cleatly tbat japao bad tecklessly ovetexteoded
betself aod was |o mottal feat of attack ftom Ras
s|ao bases. Tbtee days aftet Peatl Hatbot, Geoetal
MacAttbat, |o a message to tbe Peotagoo, atged
ao |mmed|ate attack oo japao ftom tbe oottb.
Sacb a blow woald bave saved foat yeats of
savage ngbt|og |o tbe Pac|nc aod tbe loss of
tboasaods of Amet|cao l|ves. Tbe Sov|ets woald
Page 323
uot coopetate. Tbey woa|d uot |et as ase tbe|t
bases, eveu fot tefae||ug, |u aggtess|ve act|ou
aga|ust Japau.
We tespouded by tasb|ug a|d to tbe Sov|et
Uu|ou. Wbeu Amet|cau tett|tory aud Amer|cau
so|d|ets wete a|teady |u tbe bauds of Japauese,
wbeu tbe Amet|cau bome|aud |tse|f was exposed
to attac| we d|d uot seud oat ma|u fotce to
ngbt wbete we wete |u dauget. We ntst ctossed
tbe At|aut|c to save tbe Sov|et Uu|ou ftom Get
mauy.
Tbe Sov|e|s ma|uta|ued tbe|t tteaty of peace
aud ft|eudsb|p w|tb Japau aut|| s|x days befote
tbe eud. Tbeu, Sov|et atm|es eqa|pped w|tb
Amet|cau sapp||es at Amet|cau expeuse moved
|u aud auuexed tbe Cb|
~
ese ptov|uce of Mau
cbat|a. Io||ow|ug tbat, tbe Sov|ets atmed Cb|uese
commau|sts w|tb Amet|cau gaus aud matet|a| to
ma|e wat ou oat ft|eud aud a||y, Cb|aug Ka|
sbe|.
1qaa||y |ucted|b|e tb|ugs bappeued ou tbe
otbet s|de of tbe wot|d, |u tbe c|os|ug days of tbe
gteat wat.
Tbe Amet|cau N|utb Atmy was to|||ug towatd
Bet||u, meet|ug ||tt|e tes|stauce, s|owed dowu ou|y
by Getmau c|v|||aus c|ogg|ug tbe b|gbways, nee
|ug ftom tbe Rass|aus. Getmau soaud ttac|s c|t
ca|ated |u tbe Bet||u atea, coause||ug sttay ttoops
to stop tes|stauce aud satteudet to tbe Amet|caus.
Some tweuty ot tb|tty m||es east of Bet||u, tbe
Getmau uat|ou bad couceuttated .ts dy|ug
stteugtb aud was ngbt|ug savage|y aga|ust tbe
Rass|aus.
Oat N|utb Atmy coa|d bave beeu |u Bet||u
w|tb|u a few boats, ptobab|y w|tboat sbedd|ug
auotbet dtop of b|ood, bat Geueta| Dw|gbt D.
I|seubowet saddeu|y ba|ted oat Atmy. ( 8) He |ept
|t s|tt|ug |d|y oats|de Bet||u fot teu days wb||e
tbe Rass|aus s|agged tbe|t way |u, |||||ug, tap|ug,
p|||ag|ug We gave tbe Rass|aus coutto| of tbe
eastetu pott|ou of Bet||u aud of a|| tbe tett|
toty sattoaud|ug tbe c|ty.
To tbe soatb, Geueta| Pattou' s fotces wete
p|owiug |uto (zecbos|ova||a. Wbeu Pattou was
tb|tty m||es ftom Ptagae, tbe cap|ta|, I|seubowet
otdeted b|m to stop otdeted b|m uot to accept
satteudet of Getmau so|d|ets bat to bo|d tbem
at bay aut|| toe Rass|aus coa|d move ap aud ac
cept satteudet. As soou as tbe Rass|aus wete tbas
estab||sbed as tbe couqaetots of Czecbos|ova||a
I|seubowet otdeted Pattou to evacaate. (8) Uu|t
o Czecbos|ova||au patt|ots bad beeu ngbt|ug
.tb Westetu atm|es s|uce l )4). We bad ptom

.sed tbat tbey coa|d patt|c|pate |u tbe ||betat|ou
of tbe|t owu bome|aud, bat we d|d uot |et tbem
move |uto Czecbos|ova||a aut|| aftet tbe Rass|aus
bad ta|eu ovet. Czecbos|ova||au aud Amet|cau
ttoops bad to as| Sov|et petm|ss|ou to come |uto
Ptagae fot a v|ctoty ce|ebtat|ou aftet tbe Ras
s|aus bad beeu petm|tted to couqaet tbe coautty.
At Ya|ta, Rooseve|t tecogu|zed Rass|as |ead
etsb|p |u Ceutta| Iatopeagteed tbat a|| uat|ous
a|oug Rass|as botdet sboa|d bave govetumeuts
ft|eud|y to tbe Sov|et Uu|ou.
Heuce, |u a|| uat|ous of Ceutta| Iatope ftom
Istou|a ou tbe Ba|t|c Sea, to Yagos|av|a ou tbe
Adt|at|c as Getmau coutto| d|s|utegtated, tbe
Sov|ets came |u aud set ap commau|st govetu
meuts, witb oat apptova| aud w|tb oat nuauc|a|
aud m|||taty ass|stauce.
Tbat |s bow we be|ped de||vet mote tbau l .c
m||||ou ceutta| Iatopeaus |uto tbe gtasp of Sov|et
tytauuy dat|ug tbe c|os|ug days of Wot|d Wat II.
At Ya|ta, Rooseve|t aud Cbatcb||| ptom|sed
Sta||u tbat a|| Sov|et c|t|zeus foaud |u Iatope
woa|d be tepatt|ated to Rass|a. To c|v|||zed peo
p|e, sacb au agteemeut woa|d meau tbat Sov|et
c|t|zeus |u Iatope woa|d be petm|tted to tetatu
to Rass|a, |f tbey wanted to. To Sta||u, |t meaut
au oppottau|ty to captate aud matdet tbe m||||ous
wbo bad ned ftom commau|st batbat|aus to
baug ap tbe|t cotpses, so to spea|, as a watuiug
to a|| wbo m|gbt |u tbe fatate dteam of nee|ug.
A|||ed atm|es, audet I|seubowet s commaud,
betded aut|commau|st tefagees |uto boxcats aud
sb|pped tbem to Rass|a wbete tbey wete seut to
s|ave camps ot wete matdeted au est|mated
nve m||||ou of tbem. Iu tb|s Opetat|ou Kee|baa|,
we eveu attested aud tetatued to Rass|a some
aut|commau|st teiagees wbo bad ioagb| |tb
Amet|cau atm|es aga|ust tbe Getmaus.
Page 324
Wbeo we pa!!ed oat atm|es oat o| Iasteto
Getmaoy |o l )4 to !et commao|sts take ovet ,
tbe Sov|ets expe!!ed o|oe m|!!|oo Getmaos |tom
tbe|t bomes It was a t|me o| bottot, o!d meo
statv|og oo tbe toads, yoaog g|t!s taped |o btoad
day!|gbt oo tbe stteets aod |o boxcats by gaogs
of Sov|et so!d|ets.
We gave tbe Sov|ets mooey, sapp!|es, aod
eqa|pmeot fot tbe !|betat|oo o| Aastt|a wbete,
|o V|eooa a!ooe, commao|st so!d|ets taped mote
tbao ooe baodted tboasaod womeo, maoy o| tbem
g|t!s oot yet |o tbe|t teeos.
At tbe c!ose o| Wot!d Wat II, tbe Uo|ted
States Govetomeot gave away b|!!|oos o| Amet|
cao tax do!!ats tbtoagb UNRRA (Uo|ted Nat|oos
Re!|e| aod Rebab|!|tat|oo Adm|o|sttat|ooj to
be!p wattavaged coaott|es o| Iatope.
It was Amet|cao UNRRA mooey wb|cb eo
ab!ed commao|st T|to to desttoy aot|commao|st
M|kba|!ov|tcb |o Yagos!av|a
It was Amet|cao mooey !eot to t|e comma
o|st govetomeot o| Po!aod wb|cb boagbt ao|fotms
aod gaos aod sapp!|es |ot tbe commao|st sectet
po!|ce aod wb|cb was |osttameota! |o |otc|og tbe
statv|og Po!|sb peop!e to sabm|t to commao|sm
Amet|cao tax mooey sapp!|ed tbe oew Amet|
cao Cbevto!et aod Stadebaket ttacks tbat tbe
Sov|ets ased |ot ttaospott|og ooe m|!!|oo captated
I|tbaao|aos aod otbet aot|commao|sts to S|bet|ao
s!ave !abot camps.
1t woa!d bave takeo geoetat|oos |ot tbe Sov|ets
to ba|!d |odastt|es capab!e o| eqa|pp|og tbe|t m|!|
taty |otces w|tb tbe comp!ex weapoos of tbe post
wat pet|od. Tbey coa!d oot ptodace oecessaty
matet|a!s |ast eooagb to compete w|tb Amet|ca.
Tbe oo!y way tbey coa!d bave tbem was to get
tbem |tom as. Tb|s tbey d|d.
Amet|cao tax mooey damped m|!!|oos o| do!
!ats wottb of macb|oe too!s ( w|tb otbet ct|t|ca!
matet|a!s aod eqa|pmeot oeeded fot wat |odas
tt|es j |oto Aastt|a aod otbet Sov|etoccap|ed
zooes ot iatope. 1oese maco|oes aoc matet|a|s
wete faooe!ed |oto tbe Sov|et Uo|oo wbete tbey
wete ased to ba|!d ap tbe Sov|ets watmak|og
poteot|a! aga|ost Amet|ca.
1ote|go a|d as a petmaoeot po!|cy was |o|t|
ated by Ttamao |o l )4 as ao aot|comma
o|st ptogtam. Io l )4, Ttamao statted tbe
GteekTatkey a|d ptogtam, to be!p tbose oat|oos
tes|st commao|sm S|oce tbeo, oat |ote|go a|d
( aodet a vat|ety o| oames j bas |octeased aod
sptead aot|! |t covets tbe g!obe. Io damage to
tbe Amet|cao ecooomy aod to tbe Amet|cao coo
st|tat|ooa! system, aod |o noaoc|og tbe gtowtb
of soc|a!|sm a!! ovet tbe eattb, Amet|cao fote|go
a|d ptogtams ( a!! so!d to tbe Amet|cao peop!e
as anti-communist) bave dooe mote |ot comma
o|sm tbao aoytb|og e!se oat govetomeot bas evet
dooe w|tb tbe poss|b!e except|oo o| gett|og
|oto Wot!d Wat II.
Io tbe Icooom|c Coopetat|oo Act of l )4
( Iote|go A|d B|!! j , Coogtess tt|ed to ptob|b|t
Iatopeao oat|oos tece|v|og oat a|d |tom sb|pp|og
sttateg|c goods to tbe Sov|et b!oc. Io i)4), Coo
gtess eoacted ao Ixpott Cootto! Act to ptob|b|t
sb|pmeot o| sttateg|c goods ftom tbe Uo|ted
States to commao|st oat|oos.
A!! to oo ava|! matet|a!s tbe Sov|ets oeeded
|ot cteat|og modeto wat |odastt|es wete ptodaced
|o tbe Uo|ted States at taxpayets' expeose aod
sb|pped as g|fts to oat a!!|es wbo |o tato
ttaded tbem to tbe Sov|ets fot go!d aod taw ma-
tet|a!s tbat tbe Sov|ets bad |o satp!as. Tbe Tta
mao adm|o|sttat|oo |gooted, be!|tt!ed, ot m|step
teseoted tbe |acts , aod Coogtess kept oo appto
pt|at|og mooey fot mote |ote|go a|d.
Wbeo pass|og tbe Iote|go A|d B|!! |o l ) i ,
Coogtess added a ptov|s|oo koowo as tbe Batt!e
Act ( a|tet t|e oame of Repteseotat|ve Iaate C.
Batt!ej dec!at|og tbat oo a|d coa!d be g:veo to
aoy oat|oo tbat seot sttateg|c goods to commao|st
coaott|es. Tbe Batt!e Act d|d oot eod, bat d|d
s!ow dowo, tbe now o| ct|t|ca! goods to tbe So
v|ets.
Io i ) tbtee mootbs a|tet I|seobowet s ntst
|oaagatatoo Josepb Sta!|o d|ed. Tbe most moo
sttoas d|ctatotsb|p |o b|stoty, saddeo!y w|tboat
U dictator, began to fall a
p
art at the seams. Re
vo!ts etapted tbtoagboat tbe Sov|et s!ave emp|te
Page 325
ftom |be s|ave camps |o |be Atc||c C|tcle |o
Ias| Getmaoy
Tbe oew Sov|e| ta|ets tev|ved |be boax of
peacefa| coex|s|eoce |o otdet |o bay ||me fot
|bemselves a| bome Tbe Sov|e|s oeeded re||ef
ftom |be s|t|c|ates of |be Ba|||e Ac| so |ba| |bey
coa|d ge| mote wat ma|et|a|s aod |odas|t|a| goods
ftom |be Wes|. I|seobowet gave || |o |bem Io
i)4, be seo| Hato|d S|asseo ( |beo fote|go a|d
d|tec|otj |o Pat|s aod Ioodoo |o oego||a|e a se
cte| dea| eoabl|og oat a|||es |o c|tcamveo| |be
Ba||le Ac| S|asseo ( |o v|o|a||oo of |be |o|eo|
aod ptov|s|oos of |be lawj agteed |o temove some
|wo baodted ||ems ftom |be ||s| of s|ta|eg|c goods
wb|cb oat all|es wete ptob|b||ed ftom sb|pp|og
|o commao|s|s
I|seocowet s samm|| coofeteoce w||b Kbtasb
cbev aod Ba!gao|o |o ja!y, i ) , be!ped eoot
moas|y |o allay |be gtow|og sp|t|| of tevo|| |o |be
commao|s| emp|te, j as| as b|s g| f|s of food |o
Ias| Getmaoy bad be|ped |o allay i| |o i ). Io
i )6, wbeo tevo|| etap|ed |o Po|aod aod Hao
gaty, |be I|seobowet adm|o|s|ta||oo exet|ed evety
poss|b|e eot| ( sbot| of opeo |o|etveo|ioo oo |be
Sov|e| s|dej |o be|p keep |be coonagta|ioo ftom
sptead|og so |ba| |be Sov|e|s coald coo|a|o
aod ex||ogaisb || I|seobowet s Ca||ata| Ix
cbaoge agteemeo| w||b |be Sov|e|s io jaoaaty,
i ), aod b|s mota|otiam oo oac|eat |es||og ftom
Oc|obet, i ), |o |be eod of bis adm|o|s|ta||oo,
coofetted fat|bet beoen|s, of |ocalcalab|e va|ae,
oo |be :ov|e| |ytaooy
The Kennedy Program
1eooedy s po||cy oi appeas|og aod be|p|og
|be Sov|e|s bas beeo eveo mote appateo| Iot
examp|e, |be Depat|meo|s of S|a|e aod Commetce
cave teqaes|ed ptiva|e Ameticao basioess utms
|o |mpot| aod sell metcbaod|se ftoa commao|s|
coao|t|es Io a speecb |o |be Hoase oo Apt|| 2,
i)6, Uo||ed S|a|es Repteseo|a||ve Ioa|s C. Wy
mao (Repab||cao, New Hampsb|tej commeo|ed
oo |b|s s||aa||oo, say|og.
"I say it is unpatriotic and anti-American for
American stores to stock in trade goods that are
the product of Communist slave labor . . . .
"The State Department and the Commerce
Department should know better than to make
such a request. Once again we see evidence of
the dismal fact that the Kennedy administration
j ust does not realize that communism is the
mortal enemy of the United States and seeks to
destroy us. Trading with communism only helps
communism to be stronger. It only spreads wider
our international reputation for being suckers.
Once again, it is the responsibility of this Con
gress, acting through proper committees, to fnd
out who is responsible in the Department of
State and in the Department of Commerce for
requesting America's private business to trade
with Communists.
"Such governmental policies are not only in
credibly stupid; they are tainted with yellow. In
the President's message to Congress today he re
quests amendment to the Trade Expansion Act
in favor of imports from Communist satellites
Poland and Yugoslavia. This is just more of the
same stupidity. Congress, for America, should
deny this request."( l O)
Coogtess bas oo| ye| ac|ed oo Keooedy' s te
qaes| |ba| |be Ttade Ixpaos|oo Ac| be ameoded
|o favot Po|aod aod Yagos|av|a, ba|, appateo||y,
|ba| does oo| ma||et. Tbe Keooedy admio|s|ta
||oo bas beeo violating |be law, |o otdet |o g|ve
Po|aod aod Yagoslav|a mos| favoted oa||oos
|tea|meo|.
tooceto|og |be pteseo| |teod io Amet|cao
Sov|e| tela||oos, Seoa|ot Batty Goldwa|et, oo
Oc|obet , i)6, sa|d.
"Since the end of World War II, we've spent
billions of dollars beefng up our security so that
Khrushchev couldn't bury us, only to discover
that in the past few weeks what the Kennedys are
really working for is a Soviet-American mutual
aid society.
"In less than a month, the New Frontier has
ofered to pick up the check for half the cost for
a joint shot to the moon, stopped testing nuclear
weapons in the air and, fnally, bailed out the
highly vaunted Soviet farm collective with a lot
of what I'm willing to bet will be tons of free
American wheat . e . +
"There seems to be a sort of quasi-ofcial feel
ing that we are engaging in a love feast with the
Soviets that only we can disrupt . . . . Nothing
must be done to rufle Mr. Khrushchev's
feelings. "
\ !l)
Page 326
1u l )64, votets cau seud coust|tat|oual|sts to
Wasb|ugtou, to tevetse tbe pol|c|es wb|cb ate
dtagg|ug oat uat|ou towatd ta|u. Amet|caus wbo
|uow wbat |s go|ug ou, aud cau |deut|fy tbe good
.
ava|lable fot elect|ou |u l )64,bave a tespou
sibility to belp atoase aud |ufotm tbose wbo do
uot |uow.
Christmas Giving
Jb|s yeat, yoa cau g|ve Cbt|stmas g|fts tbat
w|ll uot ouly please yoat ft|euds, bat w|ll also
eut|cb tbe|t l|ves aud ma|e au |mpottaut coutt|
bat|ou to tbe gteat tas| of teedacat|ug Amet|
caus |u tbe pt|uc|ples of l|betty.
The Dan Smoot Report oets a vat|ety of g|fts,
ftom 4t ap, w|tb all pac|ag|ug aud ma|l|ug
baudled, postage ptepa|d to yoat g|ft l|st, w|tb au
apptopt|ate g|ft catd.
Iot tbe yoaugstets ou yoat l|st, g|ve a copy of
America's Promise, a class|c ou Amet|cau|sm.
Teeuagets aud tbe|t pateuts, al||e, w|ll euoy
tbe l|ttle boo|, The Hope of the World, wb|cb
comb|ues a s|mple, eloqaeut audetstaud|ug of
Cbt|st|au Ia|tb, w|tb a valaed exptess|ou of
Amet|cauism.
The Invisible Government, oue of tbe most as
tou|sb|ug aud |mpottaut boo|s of oat t|me, ptoves
w|tb au|mpeacbable docameutat|ou, tbat tbete |s
a
"
ot||ug plau to soc|al|ze tbe ecouomy of tbe
Uuted States
utedace tb|s Repabl|c to depeud

eucy as a aot u a ouewotld soc|al|st system
We saggest tbat yoa pat tb|s boo| ou yoat Cbt|st
mas g|ft |st uot ou|y fot yoat ft|euds, bat fot
yoatself, if yoa do uot alteady bave a copy.
Tb|s yeat, fot tbe ntst t|me, we oet as a
Cbt|stmas |tem oue of tbe Boaud Auuaals of The
Dan Smoot Report Boaud Volame VIL cou
t
|u|ug all Reports pabl|sbed |u l )6z. Tb|pat

icalat Boaud Volame, catefally |udexed, |s au
uvalaable tefeteuce boo|. It couta|us bac|
gtoaud |ufotmat|ou ou tbe gteat couttovets|es of
oat t|me togetbet w|tb vot|ug tecotds of
Uu|ted States Repteseutat|ves aud Seuatots, aud
tbe fall text of tbe U. S. Coust|tat|ou aud all
Ameudmeuts.
Also fot tbe ntst t|me, we ate oet|ug a set of
be s|x
.
best teceut |ssaes of TheDan Smoot Report,
ucladug a copy of tbe ttad|t|oual Cbt|stmas |s
sae, Tbe Hope of tbe Wotld. Tb|s g|ves oat
sabsct|bets au |uexpeus|ve meaus of |uttodac|ug
uew ft|euds to tbe l|tetatate of fteedom.
To tbose wbom yoa waut to temembet w|tb a
g|ft, fot wb|cb tbey w|ll tbau| yoa eacb wee|
of tbe yeat, g|ve a sabsct|pt|ou to The Dan Smoot
Report.
Jbe yeat l)64may be tbe most |mpottaut elec
t|ou yeat |u tbe b|stoty of tbe Uu|ted States.
Itom uow aut|l tbe fatefal day |u Novembet,
Page 327
i)64, wbeu votets cboose a uew Ptes|deut aud
Cougtess, tbey mast bave facts aboat wbat |s go
|ug ou Gett|ug batd facts aboat tbe pol|c|es aud
ptogtams of govetumeut |s becom|ug |ucteas|ugly
d|ucalt. Tbe uoose of ceusotsb|p |s t|gbteu|ug.
cousetvat|ve uews commeutaty |s be|ug cbo|ed
o tad|o aud telev|s|ou, majot magaz|ues aud
uewspapets ate becom|ug mete oatlets fot govetu
meutal ptopagauda baudoats
The Dan Smoot Report w|ll cout|uae |ts au
comptom|s|ug pol|cy of pteseut|ug auvatu|sbed
ttatb, as|ug tbe Coust|tat|ou as tbe toacbstoue fot
evalaat|ou, aud |t w|ll cout|uae to pabl|sb vot|ug
tecotds of tbe uat|oual Cougtess.
atcb fot oat Cbt|stmas G| ft Otdet Blau|s
(wb|cb sboald teacb yoa aboat Novembet l j aud
ta|e advautage of oat spec|al Cbt|stmas pt|ces ou
all |tems Seud yoat l|sts to as eatly so tbat yoat
g|fts w|ll be |u tbe bauds of ft|euds aud loved
oues befote Cbt|stmas.
Tb|s yeat, ma|e yoat Cbt|stmas g:vug coaut
fot sometb|ug |u tbe caase of l.betty
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Com1lodities, newsletter of Shearson, Hammill & Co., 14 Wall
Street, New York City, September 20, 1 963
( 2 ) Foreif! n Relations of the United States: The Soviet Union
1933-39, Department of State Publication 4539, 1952, pp. 8 1 1 ,
1 -62
( 3 ) "Worldgram," U. S. News & 1 odd Report, October 7, 1 963,
p. 1 1 3
( 4 ) "Washington Whispers," U. S. News & World Report, Sep
tember 9, 1 963, p. 26
( 5 ) Letter from Assistant Secretar of State Frederick G. Dutton
to U. S. Representative Durward G. Hall ( Republican, Mis
souri.) , Confressiolal Record ( daily ) , March 14, 1 963, p.
A1 41 8
( 6) "The Political Control of an International Police Force," by
Walter Mill is, Quis Cllstodiet ?: ConHol/inf the Police in a
Disarmed l orld, publ ished by the Peace Research Institute,
Inc., April, 1 963, under Disarmament Agency Grant ACDA/
IR-8, Volume II. p. A- 1 4
( 7) "The Third Round," by Walt W. Rostow, Foreifn Affairs,
Vol . 42, No. 1 , October, 1963, pp. 1 - 1 0
( 8) Information on the U. S. Ninth Army and happenings at the
close of World War II in Europe can be found in United
Stales Army il Ir/odd IVa.' II: The Em'opean Theater of
Operations - The Slipreme Command, by Forrest C. Pogue,
Department of the Army, 1 954, 607 pages.
( 9) "The Battle Act and Foreign Aid," Congressional Quartedy
Almanac for 1962, pp. 296-8
( 10 ) COIl[I'essiolal Record ( daily ) , April 2, 1 963, pp. 5 1 30- 1
( 1 1 ) UPI dispatch from Coronado, California, The Dallas Times
Herald, Final Edition, October 4, 1963, p. A- 23
STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCU
LATION, as required by the Act of October 23, 1962 ; Section 4369,
Title 39, United States Code. FOR THE DAN SMOOT REPORT,
INC., published weekly at Dallas, Texas, as of October 1 , 1 963.
OFFICE AND HEADQUARTERS ADDRESS: 6441 Gaston Ave
nue. Dallas, Texas 7521 4; PUBLISHER: The Dan Smoot Report,
Inc., 6441 Gaston Avenue; EDITOR AND MANAGER: Dan Smot,
6441 Gaston Avenue; OWNER: The Dan Smoot Report, Inc. ;
STOCKHOLDERS OF THE CORPORATION: Dan Smoot, Mabeth
E. Smoot, and Virginia C. Erwin, 6441 Gaston Avenue, Dallas;
BONDHOLDERS, MORTGAGEES, AND OTHER SECURITY
HOLDERS: None; PAID CIRCULATION: 28, 535; FREE DISTRI
BUTION: None; CERTIFIED BY: Dan Smoot.
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Page 328
M
III Smoot lepolt
Vol. 9, No. 42 (Broadcast 427) October 21 , 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
FOREI GN AI D I S KI LLI NG AMERI CA
1o tbe sammet of l )6, foat Iatopeao oat|oos ( Getmaoy, Italy, Itaoce, aod Sw|tzetlaodj , de
maoded paymeot |o gold ftom tbe Uo|ted States Tteasaty fot 64 m||||oo Amet|cao do||ats beld
by bao||og |ost|tat|oos | o tbose oat|oos. Ieat|og tbat tbat macb go|d ta|eo oat of oat sbtao|eo
gold tesetve woa|d cteate ao ecooom|c ct|s|s |o tbe Uo|ted States, tbe Keooedy adm|o|sttat|oo
as|ed tbe Iatopeao oat|oos to accept sbotttetm ootes wb|cb w|l| be payable |o gold most of
tbem after tbe elect|oos of l )64. ' ' Cooceto|og tb|s deal, Uo|ted States Repteseotat|ve Jac| West
laod (Repabl|cao, Wasb|ogtooj sa|d.
"This is the frst time in living memory that we've had to borrow money from foreign gov
ernments. The American people are certainly unaware of this gimmick, which merely postpones
the day when our fscal chickens come home to roost. "( l )
Repteseotat|ve Westlaod as|ed a b|gb oc|al of tbe Iedetal Resetve Boatd bow |oog we cao
postpooe tbe day of tec|oo|og by g|v|og oat IOU s to fote|goets wbo bave c|a|ms oo oat gold
tesetve. Tbe oc|al sa|d.
"We are getting close to the end of the line right now."
Iatly |o Novembet, i)6, tepteseotat|ves of tbe teo most powetfa| |odastt|al oat|oos w|ll meet
at Pat|s to d|scass |otetoat|ooal noaoce. Tbe sabj ect of pt|maty |mpottaoce w|ll be tbe coot|oa|og
denc|ts |o Uo|ted States balaoce of paymeots. ' '' U. S. denc|ts tbteateo to wtec| tbe ecooomy of
tbe wotld.
Amet|ca a defcit oat|oo, wb|cb bas to bottow ftom otbets, oo a daytoday bas|s, to postpooe
collapse ? How d|d tb|s bappeo? It was plaooed at tbe Uo|ted Nat|oos Mooetaty aod I|oaoc|al
Coofeteoce, beld | o Btettoo Woods, New Hampsb|te, ftom ]a|y to ]aly .., )44. Hatty Dextet
Wb|te was bead of tbe Amet|cao delegat|oo to tbe Btettoo Woods Coofeteoce. Io i )44, tbe
Uo|ted States beld 6u7~ of tbe wotld's |oowo go|d tesetve, aod was tbe dom|oaot ecooom|c aod
noaoc|al powet. Heoce, Hatty Dextet Wb|te, oc|a|ly des|goated as pt|oc|pa| spo|esmao fot tbe
copy for 25; 6 for $1.00; 50 for $5.50; 1 00 for $10. 00 -each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 329
Uuited States, couttolled tbe Btettou Woods
Coufeteuce. Wb|te, a membet of tbe Coauc|l ou
Iote|gu Relatious, was au audetcovet Sov|et es
piouage ageut. Oc|ally, be was Ass|staut Secte
taty of tbe Uuited States Tteasaty, bat be actaally
tau tbe Tteasaty Depattmeut. Heuty Motgeutbaa,
Roosevelt's Sectetaty of tbe Tteasaty, was a mete
ngatebead wbo eudotsed tbe plaus wbicb Wb|te
cteated, aud gave Wb|te fall aatbotity to |mple
meut tbem. ( 3)
Hatty Dextet Wb|tes Btettou Woods Coufet
euce of 1944 set tbe bas|c pol|c|es wb|cb oat gov
etumeut bas followed s|uce tbe eud of Woud
Wat II. Tbose pol|c|es wete |uteuded to accom
pl|sb foat majot obj ect|ves .
( 1 ) Strip the United States of the great gold
reserve (which had made our dollar the dominant
currency on earth) by giving the gold away to
other nations;
() Build up the industrial capacity of other
natIons, at our expense, to eliminate American
productive superiority;
( 3) Take world markets (and much of the
American domestic market) away from American
producers until capitalistic America would no
longer dominate world trade;
(4) Entwine American afairs - economic, po
litical, cultural, social, educational, and even
religious - with those of other nations, until the
United States could no longer have an independ
ent policy, either domestic or foreign, but would
become an interdepenent link in a world-wide
socialist chain.
Auy wbo doabt tbat tb|s foatpo|ut plau was
del|betately |uit|ated at tbe Btettou Woods Cou
feteuce sboald stady tbe speecb wbicb Ptes|deut
Keuuedy made |u Septembet, 1 963, to au Iutet
uatioual Mouetaty Iaud gatbet|ug at Wasb|ugtou.
Tbe Iutetuat|oual Mouetaty Iaud was plauued
by Hatty Dextet Wb|te at tbe 1 944 Btettou Woods
Coufeteuce, aud Wbite became tbe Iaud's ntst
d|tectot. Spea||ug to nuauce m|u|stets aud bau|
iug tepteseutat|ves of 1 02 uatious uow |uvolved
|u tbe IMI, Ptes|deut Keuuedy, ou Septembet
30, 1 963, said.
"Twenty years ago, when the architects of
these institutions [ the international monetary
organizations] met to design an international
banking structure, the economic life of the world
was polarized in overwhelming, and even alarm
ing measure on the United States. So were the
world's monetary reserves. The United States
had the only open capital in the world apart
from that of Switzerland. Sixty per cent of the
gold reserves of the world were here in the
United States . . . . There was a need for redistri
bution of the fnancial resources of the world . . . .
"This has come about. It did not come about
by chance but by conscious and deliberate and
responsible planning. Under the Marshall Plan
and its successors, liberal assistance was given to
the more advanced nations to help restore their
i
dustrial plant, and development loans were

gIven to less developed countries . . . .
"We are now entering upon a new era of eco
nomic and fnancial interdependence . . . .
"I think the last 20 years have provided im
pressive proof of benefts of international fnan
cial cooperation. We are linked so closely to
gether; our economies are tied so intimately . . . .
"The men who gathered at Bretton Woods 20
years ago were criticized by both those who said
that no institutions were needed and those who
said nothing useful could be done. Their efort
and the success which crowned it are a warning
both against pessimism and excessive self-satis
faction. "( 4)
Jbe postwat pol|c|es des|gued by commauist
Hatty Dextet Wb|te bave g|veu oat tesoatces
away aut|| we ate uow at tbe metcy of uat|ous
we bave beeu sabs|diziug. Ioteiguets wbo bold
tbe wealtb tbat we bave g|veu tbem cau uow
fotce as |uto uat|oual bau|taptcy by metely de
maud|ug gold fot tbe|t excess Amet|cau dollats.
Auy wbo doabt tb|s, sboald stady ngates teleased
by Uuited States Repteseutat|ve Otto I. Passmau
( Democtat, Ioa|s|auaj ou Apt|l 5, 1 963. Tbe
Passmau ngates g|ve au oc|al p|ctate of wbat
bappeued |u oue teuyeat pet|od. Jauaaty 1, 1 953,
tbtoagb Decembet 3 1 , 1 962.
Ou Jauaaty 1 , 1953, U. S. gold bold|ugs totaled
$23, 252,000,000. 00. All fote|gu cla|ms ( iu tbe
ftee wotldj aga|ust oat gold totaled $1 0, 546,-
1 00,000. 00. Iu otbet wotds, ou jauaaty 1, 1 953,
we coald bave pa|d o all fote|gu cla|ms aga|ust
Page 330
oat gold bold|ugs, aud st|l l woald bave bad
sl ., c,)cc,ccc. cc |u oat gold tesetve to bac|
oat owu catteucy.
Teu yeats latet Decembet ) l , )6. U. S.
gold bold|ugs bad sbtau| to sl 6, c,ccc,ccc.cc.
All fote|gu cla|ms ( |u tbe ftee wotldj aga|ust
oat gold bad gtowu to s.4,)4,ccc,ccc. cc. Iu
otbet wotds, ou Decembet ) l , l )6., |f all fote|gu
ets |u tbe ftee wotld wbo beld Amet|cau dollats
ot uegot|able Amet|cau secat|t|es bad pteseuted
tbe|t bold|ugs to tbe Uu|ted States Tteasaty, de
maud|ug gold |u excbauge, we woald bave !ac|ed
s,).,ccc,ccc. cc bav|ug euoagb to meet fote|gu
cla|ms, aud tbete woald bave beeu uot oue oauce
of gold left to bac| oat owu catteucy.
If tbat bad bappeued at tbe beg|uu|ug of l )6),
tbe tesalt|ug pau|c |u tbe Uu|ted States woald
bave beeu bott|ble. It lay wbolly w|tb|u tbe powet
of fote|gu bau|ets to pauctate tbe gteat babble of
Amet|cau ptospet|ty aud tedace tb|s uat|ou, ovet
u|gbt, to au |mpovet|sbed laud of closed factot|es,
auemploymeut, aud a wottbless catteucy.
Tbat powet |s st|ll |u tbe bauds of fote|guets,
aud tbe s|taatiou |s wotse uow tbau |t was at tbe
ntst of tbe yeat. Ou Octobet l ., l)6), The New
York Times tepotted tbat tbe U. S. gold tesetve
bad sbtau| to sl , .,ccc,ccc. cc. Iote|gu cla|ms
aga|ust |t bad gtowu to s., )cc,ccc,ccc. cc' '
a denc|t of l l b|ll|ou, l m|ll|ou dollats ou Oc
tobet l ., l )6), as compated w|tb a tepotted
denc|t of b|ll|ou, ). m|ll|ou ou Jauaaty l ,
l )6).
Ou Jauaaty l, l )), tbe gold bold|ugs of all
otbet ftee wotld coautt|es ( exclas|ve of tbe U. S j
totaled sl ), c., ccc,ccc. cc. Teu yeats latet -
Decembet )l , l )6. tbe|t gold bold|ugs bad
gtowu to s.4, 6, ccc,ccc. cc. (6) Iu tbe teuyeat
pet|od wbeu oat gold boldugs bad dw|udled to
tbe po|ut wbete we wete, tecbu|cally, alteady a
bau|tapt uat|ou, tbe gold bold|ugs of otbet ftee
wotld uat|ous bad almost doabled.
Tb|s sb|ft|ug of gold bold|ugs tenects tbe |u
tetuat|oual balauceofpaymeuts s|taat|ou.
Gol d and I nternational Payments
J0 audetstaud balance of payments, aud |ts
eect ou oat catteucy, we ueed to audetstaad tbe
Gold Resetve Act of l ))4 (Jauaaty )c, l ))4j ,
wb|cb too| as o tbe gold staudatd (domesti
cally) , abol|sb|ug oat staudatd gold dollat, pto
b|b|t|ug fattbet co|uage of gold, aud ma||ug |t
|llegal fot Amet|caus to ase gold as catteucy.
Befote l))4, tbe Amet|cau dollat was redeem
able. Auyoue wbo beld a papet dollat coald de
maud, aud get, paymeut |u gold ( . . gta|us of
gold, befote Roosevelt devalaed tbe dollatj . Tbe
Gold Resetve Act made a dtast|c cbauge.
Ioo| at auy p|ece of Amet|cau papet mouey
b|gget tbau a dollat b|ll. It says .
"The United States of America will pay to
the bearer on demand fve dollars" (or ten, or
twenty, or whatever the denomination) .
Aud | u small pt|ut | t says .
"This note is legal tender for all debts, public
and private, and is redeemable in lawful money
at the United States Treasury, or at any Federal
Reserve Bank."
Wbat |s lawful money? It |s wbatevet tbe gov
etumeut says |t |s. Tbas yoat papet mouey |s te
deemable |u papet mouey wb|cb meaus tbat |t
|s au |ttedeemable catteucy if yoa ate a c|t|zeu
of tbe Uu|ted States. If yoa ate uot a c|t|zeu,
govetumeut cauuot iotce yoa to ta|e |ts uote as
legal teudet
1u otbet wotds, tbe Gold Resetve Act of l ))4
d|d uot ta|e as o tbe gold staudatd internation
ally. If tbe Amet|cau govetumeut bad told tbe
wotld |u l ))4 tbat |t woald uo louget tedeem |ts
owu catteucy |u gold, tbeu fote|guets wbo
coald uot be fotced to accept Amet|cau papet
mouey woald uot bave accepted |t. Tbe Amet|
cau dollat woald bave become a soft aud v|ttaally
wottbless catteucy ou tbe wotld mat|et. Oat
|utetuat|oual ttade woald bave stopped except
ou a cambetsome battet bas|s aud w|ld |una
t|ou woald bave ta|ued oat ecouomy almost ovet
u|gbt.
Page 331
So, |be Gold Resetve Ac| o| 1934 ptov|ded
|ba| fote|go govetomeo|s, |os|||a||oos, aod ceo|ta!
bao||og sys|ems cao tedeem |be|t Amet|cao dol
lats |o gold, a| a pt|ce nxed by |be Uo||ed S|a|es
Tteasaty ( $ 35 . 00 ao oaocej . Tb|s meaos |ba|
evety Amet|cao dollat speo| abtoad aod evety
Amet|cao dol!at speo| |o Amet|ca |o patcbase
fote|gomade goods ctea|e cla|ms aga|os| oat gold
tesetve. Tbe |o|al of a!! sacb cla|ms |s, of coatse,
tedaced by |be amoao| of |ote|go mooey speo|
|o |be Uo||ed S|a|es, ot speo| |o fote|go !aods |o
bay Amet|caomade goods
Tbe d|eteoce be|weeo wba| we as a oa||oo
speod aod g|ve away abtoad, aod wba| we se!!
abtoad, |s called |be ba!aoce o| paymeo|s Wbeo
we seod mote mooey |o|o |ote|go !aods |bao |ot
e|goets seod as, we tao a balaoceofpaymeo|s
denc||. Iote|goets |bas accama!a|e mote Amet|
cao dollats |bao |bey wao| |o |eep. Tbey pteseo|
|be|t excess dollats |o oat Tteasaty aod demaod
gold |o excbaoge
S|oce Hatty Dex|et Wb||e' s Bte||oo Woods
Coofeteoce of 1944 ( wbeo |be Uo||ed S|a|es beld
6090 o| al! gold | o |be wotldj , fote|goets bave
acqa|ted so macb o| oat go!d, aod so maov
o| oat dol!ats |ba| |bey cao excbaoge |ot oat
gold, |ba| we l||eta!ly bave oo go!d a| all |ba| we
cao call oat owo. Iodeed, oo Oc|obet 1 2, 1 963,
we owed fote|goets $1 1 ,7 1 8,000,000. 00 more |bao
|be |o|a! of all go!d we beld.
The Giveaway
be ouc|a! pab!|c deb| o| |be Uo||ed S|a|es
tepteseo|s mooey already spent} |o excess o| te
veoae. I| does oo| |oc!ade coo||ogeo| l|ab|l|||es
( l||etally |t|ll|oos of do!lats wb|cb |be goveto
meo| bas comm|||ed ||se!f |o speod |o |a|ate
yeats j . Oo Decembet 3 1 , 1 962, |be ouc|a| pab
l|c deb| of |be Uo||ed S|a|es was $303, 470,080,-
489. 00 -wb|cb was 24 b|l!|oo dollats more than
the total indebtedness of all other nations on
earth. ( 6)
Yet, President Kennedy demands another four
aodabalf b|l!|oo dollat fote|go a|d b:ll. Wby ?
Iote|go a|d bas beeo the meaos o| |mplemeo||og
|be 1944 Bte||oo \Voods scbeme |o give away
oat weal|b ao||! Amet|ca |s tedaced |o |be s|a|as
o| a wea| aod depeodeo| ao|| |o ao |o|etdepeod
eo| ooewotld soc|al|s| sys|em.
1tom jaly 1 , 1946, |o jaoe 30, 1 963, |be
Uo||ed S|a|es gave away abtoad $148, 456, 333-
000. 00. Tbe |ol!ow|og |abala||oo, sbow|og
wbete |be mooey weo|, does oo| |oclade gtea|
sams o| mooey aod goods, |o pt|va|e g|v|og,
wb|cb bave nowed ftom Amet|ca |o fote|go !aods.
I| does oo| |oclade b|ll|oos |o a|d wb|cb Amet|
cao |odas|t|es bave ptov|ded by ba|ld|og plao|s
aod ma||og o|bet |oves|meo|s abtoad. A beavy
petceo|age o| |be pt|va|e Amet|cao |oves|meo|s
abtoad bas beeo at||nc|al!y s||mala|ed by oat
govetomeo| |btoagb gaatao|ees aga|os| loss, ao
detwt|||eo by |ax mooey, fot |be spec|nc patpose
o| a|d|og |be fote|go oa||oos. Tbe |ollow|og |ab
ala||oo does oo| |oc!ade b|l!|oos o| dollats wot|b
of agt|cal|atal goods wb|cb we bave sold |o fot
e|go oa||oos a| sabs|d|zed pt|ces, w||b Amet|cao
c|||zeos pay|og |be sabs|d|es. Tbe |abala||oo does
oo| |oclade a!l agt|cal|ata! satplases wb|cb we
bave sold |o commao|s| oa||oos l||e Polaod aod
Yagos!av|a aod |o oea|tal|s| oa||oos l||e Iod|a,
|ot !ocal catteoc|es Io sacb sales, we accep|
paymeo| |o |be catteocy of |be oa||oo wb|cb te
ce|ves oat goods. We cao ase a sma!l amoao|
of sacb !oca! catteocy |o pay opeta||og expeoses
of m|ss|oos aod embass|es, aod |o ose| dol!at
accama!a||oos, |o |bose coao|t|es. Mos| o| |be
!oca! catteocy, bowevet, |s wot|bless |o as aod |s
speo| oo a|d ptoj ec|s |o |be coao|t|es |ovolved.
U. S. AID TO WESTERN BLOC NATIONS
( 1946-1962)
Austria
Belgium- Luxembourg
China (Nationalist)
Denmark
France
French Territories
Germany
Germany -Berlin
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
$ 1, 618,300,000
2, 166,700,000
4,789,600,000
887,400,000
11,397,300,000
6,000,000
7,576,900, 000
143,900,000
3,943,200,000
78,800,000
146,200, 000
1,211,400,000
7,466,800,000
6,146,800,000
2,687,400,000
Page 332
Norway
Portugal
Portuguese Overseas Provinces
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United Kingdom Territories
Europe, General
TOTAL
1,159,700,000
436,800,000
25,300,000
2,195,600,000
110,000,000
3,741,400,000
12,528,300,000
1, 110,000
2,641,500,000
$73,106,410,000
U. S. AID TO COMMUNIST BLOC NATIONS
( 1946-1962)
Cuba
Ghana
Poland
U.S.S.R.
Yugoslavia
TOTAL
$ 90,500,000
28,700,000
967,900,000
500,000,000
3,290,300,000
$4,877,400,000
U. S. AID TO LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS
( 1946-1962)
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
British Guiana
British Honduras
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Surinam (Dutch Guiana)
Uruguay
Venezuela
West Indies Federation
Latin America, General
TOTAL
$1,027,300,000
286,400,000
3,193,400,000
2,600,000
2,600,000
904,700,000
576,100,000
136,700,000
9,400,000
139,000,000
23,400,000
207,900,000
127,700,000
54,300,000
1 1,200,000
1,246,500,000
98,400,000
121, 100,000
68,600,000
630,600,000
3,400,000
120,400,000
333,600,000
12,600,000
240,500,000
$9,578,400,000
U. S. AID TO AFRO-ASIAN BLOC NATIONS
( 1946-1962)
Afghanistan
Burma
Cambodia
Cameroon
Ceylon
Chad
Congo ( Brazzaville)
Congo ( Leopoldville)
Cyprus
Dahomey
Ethiopia
French Indochina
$ 275,600,000
138,900,000
298,000,000
2,400,000
124,100,000
100,000
100,000
24,100,000
19,000,000
4,200,000
228,400,000
1,535,200,000
Gabon
Guinea
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Iran
Ivory Coast
Jordan
Kenya
Korea
Laos
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya
Malagasy
Malaya
Mali
Mauretania
Morocco
Nepal
Niger
Nigeria
Pakistan
Philippines
Rhodesia-Nyasaland
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Syria
Tanganyika
Thailand
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
United Arab Rep
u
blic
Upper Volta
Vietnam
Yemen
Africa, General
Asia, Far East
Asia, South
TOTAL
100,000
5,700,000
5,208,300,000
976,100,000
69,900,000
1,340,700,000
2,100,000
349,500,000
9,500,000
6,143,000,000
372,700,000
110,500,000
199,200,000
243,600,000
500,000
24,400,000
3,100,000
1,700,000
395,500,000
64,800,000
2,000,000
19,800,000
1,982,100,000
2,683,700,000
55,700,000
65,800,000
3,600,000
1,300,000
13,400,000
51,200,000
100,000,000
6,300,000
676,800,000
2,700,000
372,000,000
1,200,000
684, 300,000
2,000,000
2,214,200,000
25,900,000
22,300,000
427,800,000
773,500,000
$28,358,600,000
U. S. CONTRIBUTIONS TO WORLD
ORG ANIZATIONS
( 1946-1962)
CENTO
( Central Treaty Organization) $
Export-Import Bank
25,000,000
7,000,000,000
International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development
International Monetary Fund
International Finance Corporation
International Development Fund
Inter-American Development Bank
Inter-American Social
635,000,000
4,125,000,000
35,168,000
320,300,000
450,000,000
Progress Fund 394,000,000
United Nations ; UN specialized agencies,
special programs and funds 1,717, 093,000
UNRRA ( United Nations Relief and
Rehabilitation Administration)
TOTAL
3,400,000,000
$18, 101,561,000
Page 333
FOREIGN AID APPROPRIATED
BUT UNSPENT AS OF
June 30, 1962 . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8,000,000,000
FOREIGN AID APPROPRIATED FOR
FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,
1963 (BREAKDOWNS NOT
YET AVAILABLE) . . . . . . $ 6,433,962,000
GRAND TOTAL U.S. AID TO ALL
NATIONS AND WORLD
ORGANIZATIONS, July 1, 1946
Through June 30, 1963 4 4 $148,456,333,000( 7 )
What Our Aid Has Done
be 148. 5 b||||oo do||ats wb|cb oat goveto
meo| bas |akeo |tom |axpayets aod g|veo away
abtoad s|oce 1 946 |s 46. 7 b||||oo do||ats more
|bao |be |o|a| assessed va|aa||oo oi all ptopet|y
( |oc|ad|og |aodj |o |be 50 |atges| c|||es oi |be
Uo||ed S|a|es.
Iote|go a|d s|oce 1 946 bas cos| individual
|axpayets ao average oi $1 5 37 eacb, aod bas cos|
corporation |axpayets ao average oi $25, 828
eacb. S|oce a|| cotpota||oo |axes mas| oecessat||y
be passed oo |o coosamets |o pt|ce oi goods,
|be |o|a| batdeo oi oat govetomeo|'s iote|go g|ve
away ac|aa||y ia||s oo |od|v|daa| Amet|caos.
Nooe cao deoy |be batsb iac| |ba| |b|s g|ve
away bas btoagb| as |o |be edge oi ecooom|c
ta|o, sadd!|og oat c|||zeos aod |be|t pos|et||y w||b
a deb| exceed|og |be comb|oed | odeb|edoess oi a||
o|bet oa||oos oo eat|b, aod pa|||og as a| |be metcy
oi |be vety oa||oos wb|cb bave tece|ved oat boao
|y. Nooe cao deoy |ba| Amet|cao |ax mooey bas
ba||| iote|go |odas|t|es wb|cb oow aodetse|| oat
owo aod |ba| |be Amet|cao |odas|t|es ate s||||
be|og |axed |o sabs|d|ze iote|go compe|||ots.
ooe cao deoy |ba| Amet|cao iote|go a|d aod

Amet|cao iote|go|oves|meo| gaatao|ees bave
caased Amet|cao |odas|t|es |o expaod abtoad,
|bas cat|a|||og |odas|t|a| expaos|oo a| bome. Nooe
cao deoy |ba| maoy Amet|cao |odas|t|es bave
a|teady beeo gt|evoas|y bat| by iote|go com
pe||||oo wb|cb Amet|cao |ax mooey sabs|d|zes
abtoad aod |ba| |boasaods oi Amet|cao
wot|ets bave |bas |os| j obs.
Aod oooe cao sbow |ba| oat |ote|go a|d pto
gtams bave dooe aoy good iot |be Uo||ed S|a|es.
Os|eos|b!y, |be pt|maty patpose o| oat |ote|go
a|d |s |o ngb| commao|sm I| bas dooe |be op
pos||e.
Iook a| |be ||s| oi oa||oos tece:vug oat a|d
aod de|etm|oe wb|cb, |i aoy, ate oow s|aaocbet
it|eods oi Amet|ca, ot s|etoet ioes oi commao|sm,
|bao beiote oat a|d begao Yoa w||| oo| nod ooe
oo |be ||s|.
We a||eoa|ed |be Ne|bet|aods by iotc|og |bem
|o satteodet |be|t Ias| Iod|ao possess|ooswb|cb
became |be ptocommao|s| oa||oo oi Iodooes|a.
Io 1 962, we deepeoed |be | oj aty by oat pat| |o
iotc|og |be Ne|bet|aods |o satteodet New Ga|oea
|o Iodooes|a.
Aas|ta||a (wb|cb owes as oo mooeyj |s d|s
|atbed aod aogty becaase oi |b|s New Ga|oea
dea!. Iodooes|a aod |be Pb|||pp|oes oow beta|e
as iot sappot||og |be oew oa||oo, Ma|ays|a.
Oat S|a|e Depat|meo| |s tespoos|b|e iot coo
vet||og Caba |o|o ao eoemy oa||oo. Io iotc|og |be
dowo|a|| oi Tta | ||o |o |be Dom|o|cao Repab||c,
we e||m|oa|ed |be |as| s|toog it|eod we bad |o
||e Cat|bbeao atea. We be|ped es|ab||sb |be pto
commao|s| govetomeo| o| Jaao Boscb |o |be
Dom|o|cao Repab||c. Tb|s moo|b, we teiased |o
tecogo|ze |be ao||commao|s| gtoap wb|cb ovet
|btew Boscb.
Tbe a||eoa||oo oi Itaoce oow seems comp|e|e.
Wes| Getmaoy |s oa|taged aboa| oat wbea| dea|
w||b |be Sov|e|s Cambodia teseo|s as becaase oi
atms we g|ve |o Tba||aod. Tba||aod teseo|s as
becaase oi atms we g|ve |o Cambod|a. Pa||s|ao
teseo|s as becaase oi a|d we g|ve |o Iod|a. Iod|a
teseo|s as becaase oi a|d we g|ve |o Pa||s|ao.
We a||eoa|ed Pot|aga| by oat Uo||ed Na||oos
s|aod tegatd|og Pot|agaese Aogo|a |o Ait|ca,
aod we a||eoa|ed Soa|b Ait|ca (wb|cb owes as
oo mooeyj by ct|||c|z|og bet |o|etoa| po||c|es.
Tbe das|atd|y Uo||ed Na||oos tape oi Ka|aoga
wb|cb we noaoced aod sappot|ed w||boa|
s||o| oo| oo|y e|im|oa|ed Kataoga as a itieud
Page 334
of Amet|ca bat appateotly caased batted of as
tbtoagboat Aft|ca Uo|ted Nat|oos fotces bombed
bosp|tals, bomes, |odastt|al plaots, aod scbools.
Uo|ted Nat|oo ttoops ( wb|cb |ocladed aoc|v|l
|zed Gbat|as ftom Iod|a aod savage tt|besmeo
ftom Itb|op| aj comm|tted attoc|t|es aga|ost wom
eo, cb|ldteo, m|ss|ooat|es, doctots, aod otbet c|
v|l|aos. Meaowb|le, Coogolese ttoops dtaw
|og tbe|t pay at tbe expeose of Amet|cao tax
payets toamed tbe coaotty |o lawless, dtaokeo
baods, tap|og, k|ll|og, aod p|llag|og.
Io Peta, tbete ate batt aod bew|ldetmeot oo
tbe patt of |otell|geot, m|ddleclass Petav|aos at
oat fa|late to g|ve fall tecogo|t|oo to tbe aot|
commao|st gtoap wb|cb se|zed powet tbete.
Btaz|l ( latgest tec|p|eot of oat a|d | o Soatb
Amet|caj |s |o tbe baods of commao|sts ot pto
commao|sts, aod so ate Bol|v|a, Utagaay, aod
Veoezaela. Atgeot|oa, secood latgest beoenc|aty
of oat a|d |o Soatb Amet|ca, |s so w|ldly aostable
tbat a commao|st coap |s poss|ble at aoy t|me.
Iodeed, Keooedy' s fote|go a|d ptogtam fot Latio
Amet|ca ( All|aoce fot Ptogtess j |s ptepat|og
tbat wbole teg|oo fot commao|sm.
Icelaod |s ptocommao|st, sttoogly aot|Uo|ted
States. Istael, a soc|al|st oat|oo wb|cb bas tece|ved
vast sams of Amet|cao mooey, |s tta|o|og atm|es
fot tbe commao|st d|ctatot of Gbaoa. Italy coo
ta|os tbe secood b|ggest commao|st patty oats|de
tbe commao|st bloc aod |s catteotly oat|ooal|z|og
(wb|cb meaos commao|z|ogj majot |odastt|es.
Of tbe 5 2 AftoAs|ao bloc oat|oos wb|cb te
ce|ve oat a|d, at least 5 cao cottectly be called
commao|st oat|oos, s|oce tbey ate coottolled by
commao|sts ot by meo l||e Sa|atoo of Iodooes|a
wbo |s, fot all ptact|cal patposes, a commao|st .
Alget|a, Coogo ( Ieopoldv|llej , Ga|oea, Iodo
oes|a, Iaos.
All AftoAs|ao oat|oos ate, l|ke Batma aod
Iod|a, soc|al|st oat|oos w|tb pol|t|cal |deolog|es
bas|cally |o|m|cal to Amet|cao coost|tat|ooal
|deals , aod most of tbem bave tevealed a deep
bost|l|ty towatd tbe Uo|ted States. Yet, tbe Iato
peao oat|oos wb|cb wete ooce coloo|al powets
|o Aft|ca aod As|a, teseot as fot tbe a|d we gave
to belp desttoy tbe|t emp|tes.
All ovet tbe wotld, oat|oos take oat ecooom|c
a|d, oot to develop fteeeotetpt|se ecooom|es
compat|ble w|tb Amet|cao coost|tat|ooal pt|o
c|ples, bat to noaoce soc|al|st systems pattetoed
aftet tbe Sov|et Uo|oo. All ovet tbe wotld, oa
t|oos accept oat m|l|taty a|d, oot to belp defeod
tbe ftee wotld aga|ost commao|sm, bat to sap
pott tbe|t owo tytaooy ovet tbe|t owo people aod
to stteogtbec tbemselves aga|ost tbe|t oe|gbbots,
wbo ate also accept|og oat m|l|taty a|d as mem
bets of oat ftee wotld all|aoce.
Oat m|l|taty a| d to fote|go oatioos pats all of
oat all|es |oto ao atmameots tace w|tb ooe ao
otbet. We noaoce botb s|des, aod botb s|des
teseot as.
Those Who Owe Us Most
Mow macb fteedom fot tbe wotld, ot ft|eod
sb|p fot oatselves, bave we boagbt w|tb 4. 8 b|l
l|oo dollats |o a|d to commao|st oat|oos s|oce
j al y, 1946 ? Tbe 500 m|ll|oo dollats sbowo |o
tbe above tabalat|oo fot tbe Sov|et Uo|oo |s fot
Wotld Wat II leod lease del|veted aftet Jaly 1 ,
1946. Pt|ot to 1 946, we gave tbe Sov|ets ( |o leod
lease dat|og Wotld Wat Il j 1 1 . 1 b|ll|oo dollats
|o a|d.
Io tb|s cocoect|oo, |t |s |osttact|ve to loo| at tbe
total p|ctate of Amet|cao fote|go a|d. Tbe ngates
tabalated above ate fot tbe pet|od s|oce Jaly 1 ,
1946. Pt|ot to tbat, we bad alteady g|veo away
58. 9 b|ll|oo dollats |o a|d to fote|go oat|oos
Tbe net amoaot of fote|go a|d wb|cb tbe
Uo|ted States bas g|veo to fote|go oat|oos s|oce
oat |ovolvemeot |o tbe ntst Wotld Wat | s
$207,434, 234,867. 00. Aasttal|a, Caoada, New
Zeal+od, aod Soatb Aft|ca ate as fat as I bave
beeo able to detetm|oe tbe ooly oat|oos oo
eattb wbo do oot owe mooey to tbe Uo|ted States.
Hete ate tbe 1 5 oat|oos wb|cb bave tece|ved tbe
most ftom us ( tbe f|gates |oclade aopa|d Wotld
Wat I debts, oet amoaots of leod lease tece|ved
Page 335
dat|ug W otld Wat II, aud uet amoauts of fot
e|gu a|d tece|ved ftom jaly 1 , 1 946 tbtoagb jaue
30, 1962 ) :
NATION
United Kingdom
France
U.S.S.R.
Italy
Germa'ny
Japan
Korea
China (Nationalist)
India
Greece
Turkey
Brazil
Yugoslavia
Netherlands
Philippines
TOTAL
AMOUNT
$45,003,414,301
19,998,967,994
12,351,952,530
9,673,447,659
7,576,900,000
6,146,800,000
6,143,000,000
6,125,232,000
5,208,300,000
4,064,320,815
3, 741,400,000
3,512,894,000
3,366,329,843
2,865,464,000
2,683,700,000
$137,462, 123, 142( 1 )
What to Do
e cauuot testote oat uat|oual |udepeudeuce,
we cauuot save tbe Uu|ted States ftom ecouom|c
collapse, auless we stop all f01'eign aid programs.
Mote tbau tb|s |s ueeded, bat this must be done.
If votets waut to select ouly oue |ssae as tbe|t
ga|de to vot|ug |u 1 964, fote|gu a|d sboald be
tbat |ssae. If Amet|cau votets uext yeat teject
evety pol|t|cal caud|date wbo tefases to staud
fot el|m|uat|ou of fote|gu a|d, we w|ll ta|e a
g|aut step towatd sav|ug oat Repabl|c.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "IOUs Hide Gold Drain Crisis," by Ruth Montgomery, The
New YOl"k Journal-American, September 4, 1963, p. 8
( 2 ) " 1 0 Nations Agree on a World Study of Money System," by
Edwin 1. Dale, Jr. , The New YOIk Times, October 3, 1963,
pp. 1 , 1 5
( 3 ) Gold Swindle: The Story oj OUI" Dwindling Gold, by Major
George Racey Jordan, The Bookmailer, 1959; The Harry Dexter
l hite Pape/'s, Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, August
30, 1 955, p. viii
( 4) "Kennedy Pledges U. S. Help If Gold Runs Low Abroad, " by
Edwin 1. Dale, Jr. , The New York TimeJ, October 1 , 1963,
pp. 1, 1 6
( 5 ) Citi zens Foreign Aid Committee newsletter, Volume IV, No. 30,
August 19, 1963
( 6) Letter from U. S. Representative Otto E. Passman dated Apri l
5 , 1963
( 7 ) The statistical data was compiled from "Our Crazy Foreign
Giveaway Program, " by U. S. Representative Alvin E. O' Konski
( Republican, Wisconsin) , Congressional Recold ( daily) , August
6, 1962, pp. A5998-9; The Encyclopedia Americana, 1961 edi
tion, Volume XVII, pp. 2 62- 3 and Volume XXIX, p. 560;
The World Almanac cwd Book of Facts for 1 963, 1 963, p. 737.
(8) According t o the Information Please Almanac fo1' 1 963, pp. 387,
41 0- 1 8, the total assessed valuation of America's 50 largest
cities ( enumerated by population) is $1 01 ,744,766,000.
( 9) The 1 00th AIII/lcd Repolt; Commissioner of Inte1'lal Revenue;
For Fiscal Year Elded June 30, 1962, reported 61 , 566,000 in
divi dual tax returns of $63, 357, 765,000 and 1, 2 3 1 ,000 corporate
tax returns of $21 . 295, 7 1 1 ,000 of a total Government revenue
of $99,440,839,000. The percentages derived therefrom were
utilized in computing the individual and corporate taxpayers'
shares.
Born in Missouri, reared in Texas, Dan Smot went to SMU in Dallas, getting BA arid MA degrees in 1938 and
If you think Dan Smoot is providing efective tools for Americans fghting socialism and communism, you cn
help immensly -by helping him get more customers for his Repmt and broadcasts.
Page 336
M
Dfi Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 43 ( Broadcast 428) October 28, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
LAWLESS GOVERNMENT
1ow macb tytauuy aud lawless bebav|ot ou tbe patt of tbe|t owu govetumeut w|!l tbe
Amet|cau people toletate ? Well, let as see.
Iet as sappose tbat tomottow motu|ug two welldtessed meu t|ug yoat dootbell aud |deut|fy
tbemselves as ageuts of tbe fedetal govetumeut. Tbey pol|tely exp!a|u tbat Ptes|deut Keuuedy bas
dec|ded to g|ve oue of yoat beds to tbe govetumeut of Iud|a aud tbey bave come to p|ck it ap. Yoa -
petbaps a typ|cal Amet|cau boasew|fe say.
"Wait a minute! The beds in this house are mine, and I need them! "
Tbe yoaug meu coatteoasly teply.
"No, we have already checked into that. We learned that you have a family of fve, and that
you have six beds. You can spare one. President Kennedy wants to give your spare bed to Mr.
Nehru in India, so that Mr. Nehru can give it to a big family of Indians who don't have any bed
at all - who obviously need the bed worse than you do."
Yoa say.
"Now look here! What I do with my furniture happens to be my business. Mr. Kennedy has no
right to send you in here to take my bed away from me! "
Tbe yoaug meu, st|ll qa|te pol|te, teply.
"Oh yes, Lady, he does. Congress has authorized the President to pursue this program in the
enlightened self-interest of the nation.
"You see, it promotes the general welfare and strengthens the defense of the United States for
Mr. Kennedy to take your bed away from you and send it overseas as a gift, because that helps to
check the spread of communism; and, of course, communism is the great enemy of this nation."
Yoa cetta|uly agtee tbat commau|sm |s a mousttoas ev|l aud yoa waut to belp ngbt |t , bat yoa
st|ll do uot audetstaud bow ta||ug yoat bed away ftom yoa cau acb|eve tbat eud.
Tbe yoaug fedetal ageuts, st|ll vety pat|eut aud petbaps w|tb ouly a ttace of coudesceus|ou |u
tbe|t mauuet, expla|u | t to yoa.
class mail $l2.50 a year; by airmail ( including APO and FPO) $14.50 a year. Reprints of specifc issues: 1
copy for 25; 6 for $1.0; 50 for $5.50; 1 00 for $10.00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Copyright by Dn Smot, 1963. Second class mail privilege authorized at Dallas, Texas.
Page 337
"You see, Lady, there are millions of people
in India who do not have any bed at all, while
you have one bed more than you need. Now,
every time those Indians hear about this situa
tion, they are flled with envy and hatred of all
Americans.
"There are all those Indians, sleeping in the
streets or on straw or standing up (or however
they sleep), and here are you with a bed that
you are not even using.
"The communists keep telling the Indians
about this situation; Mr. Nehru himself tells
them about it; the Voice of America tells them
about it; and every time they hear about it, more
and more Indians become communists. As more
of them become communists, communism grows
stronger. And as communism grows stronger, the
United States is in more danger.
"But by taking your bed away from you and
sending it over to India, Mr. Kennedy is fghting
all of this.
"When that big family in India gets your bed,
they will realize that Americans are nicer people
than communists are, because the communists
have not given them any beds."
If, as we bave sapposed, yoa ate a typ|cal
Amet|cau boasew|fe, yoa w|ll ptobably at tb|s
poiut get oat of yoat cba|t aud say.
"Look! This is my house, and you get out of
it! "
Up to uow, tbe pleasaut yoaug fedetal ageuts
bave beeu sctapaloasly polite aud pat|eut. Bat
uow tbey cau uo louget be pol|te. Tbey ate uow
obl|ged to teveal tbe ua|ed powet of tbe pol|ce
state aud say to yoa.
"Lady, stand aside. We have come to take
one of your beds; and we are going to take it;
and if you resist, we will put you in j ail."
Jbat woald be bott|ble' If sometb|ug l||e
tbat bappeued to yoa tomottow, woald yoa be
l|eve tbat fteedom |s st|ll al|ve |u tbe Uu|ted
States ? Woald tbe Amet|cau people pat ap w|tb
it ? Iot mauy yeats, tbe Ameticau people bave
beeu patt|ug ap w|tb a wotse coud|t|ou tbau tb|s.
Tbe govetumeut bas beeu se|z|ug yoat mouey
(a patt of yoat salaty, tbe ptodact of yoat labot
ta||ug |t oat of yoat paycbec| befote yoa evet
see |t, ot add|og b|ddeu tax costs to tbe pt|ce of
food yoa bay) , aud w|tb yoat mouey, tbe gov
etumeut bas beeu bay|og beds aud battet aud
wbeat aud gaus aud evetytb|ug e!se |mag|uab!e,
aud bas beeu seud|og tbose tb|ogs as g|fts to
fote|gu govetumeuts.
Wbat |s tbe d|eteuce betweeu tbe govetu
meuts ta||og $75 . 00 oat of yoat paycbec| to bav
a bed fot Iuc|a, aud tbe govetumeut s actaal!y
com|ug |uto yoat bome aud se|z|ug yoat $75 . 00
bed fot Iud|a Tbe d|eteuce |s tbat yoa woa!d
be bettet o || tbe govetumeot too| yoat bed.
If tbe govetumeut woald !|m|t |tse!f to ta||ug
tbe sb|tt o yoat bac|, ot se|z|ug att|cles of yoat
boasebo!d fatu|tate, to seud abtoad as g|fts, tbe
govetumeut woa!d do fat !ess damage to yoa, to
tbe uat|ou, to tbe caase of fteedom |u tbe wotld,
tbau |t does |o se|z|ug yoat mouey to seud auy
aud evetytb|ug abtoad as g|fts Wby ? Becaase
tbe govetomeot, |u mauy cases, g|ves away abtoad
matet|a!s tbat may someday be ased by yoat most
|mplacable euemy to desttoy yoa
B|!l|ous of do!lats wottb of Amet|cau m|l|taty
batdwate aud otbet goods ate go|ug to tbe com
mau|st d|ctatot of Yagoslav|a. Yoat govetumeut
bas g|veu ueatly a b|!l|ou dollats |u a|d to com
mau|st Po!aud aud bas be!ped ba|ld sacb tb|ugs
as a stee! galvau|z|ug !|ue |u a plaut at Nowa
Hata, Polaud. Yoat govetumeut |s pteseutly
cous|det|ug uotmal telat|ous w|tb tbe bloody gov
etomeut of commao|st Haugaty. At tb|s mo
meut, yoat govetumeot |s cous|det|ug feed|ug
commau|st Czecboslova||a, commau|st Huugaty,
aud tbe Sov|et Uu|ou w|tb sabs|d|zed Amet|cau
wbeat. Wb|le tbe U S. Sapteme Coatt bas tt|ed
to oat!aw tecogo|t|ou of God |u tbe pabl|c scbools
of tbe Uu|ted States, oat tax mouey ba|lds Romau
Catbol|ccouttol!ed cbatcb scbools |u Iat|u Amet
|ca. Tbe Ptes|deut calls tb|s All|auce fot Ptog
tess. ( 3)
Jbe wotst aspect of fote|gu a|d tbe aspect
most damag|ug to Amet|cau pt|uc|ples of ftee
dom |s tbat tbe ptogtam |s |llegal aud aucou
st|tat|oua! . Notb|ug |u tbe Coust|tat|ou aatbot
Page 338
izes oat govetomeot to plaodet tbe peop|e fot
baodoats to fote|goets, ot aoyooe e|se. Yet, sioce
1 946, tbe fedeta| govetomeot bas tobbed as of
1 48 b||l|oo, 456 m|||ioo dollats fot foteigo aid.
Tbe Nat|ooa| Coaoc|l of Cbatcbes ( wbicb
cla|ms to speak fot some 1 37 mil||oo Ameticao
Ptotestaots j j o|os w|tb otbet advocates of tota|i
tat|ao l|beta|ism to demaod mote aod b|gget fot
eigo a|d ptogtams. Do tbey aodetstaod tbat evety
dol|at tbas giveo away mast ntst be takeo away
ftom Amet|cao taxpayets, agaiost tbeit w|ll ? Do
tbey teal|ze tbat, wbeo govetomeot coonscates tbe
eatoiogs of its owo c|tizeos fot patposes wbicb
bave ootbiog to do w|tb tbe coost|tat|ooal faoc
tioos of govetomeot, tbe peop|e tbas tobbed ( to
tbe degtee tbat tbey ate tobbedj become slaves
of tbe|t owo govetomeot ?
We bave so loog petmitted govetomeot to
opetate lawlessly to do tbiogs oot aatbot|zed
by tbe Coostitatioo tbat tbe leadets of oat so
c|ety seem to bave oo aodetstaod|og of, ot tespect
fot, tbe ptioc|ples of ||betty. To setve some pat
pose wb|cb they |magioe to be desitable, aoywbete
oo eattb, tbey btazeoly advocate ptogtams wbicb
bave oo coostitatiooal aatbotizatioo. aod wb|cb
cao be foaoced oo|y by tbe tytaoo|ca| ptactice of
tobb|og Ameticaos of tbe ftaits of tbeit owo
|abot. Iawless govetomeot bas become so com
mooplace tbat tbe oat|oo seems to bave fotgotteo
tbe meao|og of coost|tat|ooal govetomeot. We
bave saok to tbe |evel wbete polit|cal talets scoto
all lega| testtaiots apoo tbeit actioos. Tbey do
aoytbiog, to setve tbeit owo eods, tbat tbey cao
get away witb. It woa|d take sevetal vo|ames to
oatl|oe a|l tytaoo|ca| ptact|ces tbat oat political
ta|ets are gettiog away witb, bat a few specincs
may be be|pfally |od|cat|ve.
Aiding Communi st Countries
1o 1954, Coogtess eoacted Pablic Iaw 480,
koowo as tbe Agtica|tatal Ttade Deve|opmeot
aod Assistaoce Act. Tbis |aw aatootizec toe
Ptesideot to dispose of satplas agtica|tatal goods
to fote|go govetomeots, aodet tbe ptetext of sell
|og tbem fot |oca| catteoc|es.
Tbe ptogtam is disgaised fote|go aid. Recog
o|z|og tbis, Coogtess ptovided tbat tbe ptogtam
is avai|ab|e ooly to ftieodly oatioos to pto
b|bit tbe Ptes|deot ftom giviog Ameticao agt|
caltata| goods to commaoist coaott|es
Ptes|deot Iiseobowet vio|ated tbe |oteot of
Pabl|c Iaw 480 by dec|atiog commaoist Yago
s|+via aod commaoist Polaod ftieod|y oatioos ,
aod ao eod|ess stteam of aid, d|sga|sed as agti
caltata| sales, bas gooe to tbose commaoist oa
t|oos.
Io passiog Ptesideot Keooedy s foteigo aid bil|
|o 1961, Coogtess desigoated 19 commao|st oa
t|oos ( iocladiog Po|aod aod Yagos|avi aj wb|cb
sboald oot teceive aoy kiod of Amet:cao a|d
ao|ess tbe Ptes|deot foaod sacb aid vital to tbe
secatity of tbe Uoited States. Keooedy, ta||og
tbat a|d to commao|st oat|oos is v|tal to oat se
catity, kept seodiog agticaltatal goods to Po|aod
aod Yagoslavia.
Io pass|og Keooedy' s Agtica|tatal Act io 1 961 ,
Coogtess exptessed disapptoval of agt|caltata|
ttade witb commao|st coaott|es. Keooedy |gooted
tbis pott|oo of tbe law.
1o 1 962, Coogtess, tespoodiog to law|ess ptes
sates exetted by tbe Keooedy admioisttat|oo, eo
acted tbe Ttade Agteemeots Act. Coog:ess tbas
abdicated its coostitatiooal tespoosibility to tega
|ate tatis aod foteigo ttade, giviog tbe Ptesideot
a|most ao|imited powet to maoage tbe fote|go
ttade of tbis oat|oo to sait bimse|f. Coogtess d|d
wtite ioto tbe Ttade Agteemeots Act, bowevet,
a ptovisioo tbat tbe Ptesideot coald oot g|ve
mostfavotedoatioos tteatmeot to commaoist
coaott|es Mostfavotedoat|oos tteatmeot meaos
p|aciog oat |owest tati tates aga|ost tbe goods
of a oatioo wbic| applies its |owest tati tates
to oat goods
Commaoist
|
ovetomeots ase fote|go ttade as
a pol|tical weapoo. Commaoist goods ate pto
cacec oy s|ave |aoot (o:, at best, under couc
tioos of eofotced setvitadej . Heoce, it is absatd
Page 339
to assame tbat tbete cau evet be leg|t|mate, ftee
ttade betweeu commau|st uat|ous aud tbe Uu|ted
States. Iu add|ug tbe abovemeut|oued mostfa
voteduat|ous ptov|s|ou to tbe Ttade Agteemeuts
Act of 1 962, Cougtess was tecogu|z|ug tbese facts,
aud was oc|ally tel||ug tbe Ptes|deut tbat be
coalc uot ase tbe powet gtauted b|m |u tb|s Act
to ma|e ttad|ug deals w|tb commau|st coautt|es.
Iu |ts deals w|tb commau|st Yagos|av|a aud
commau|st Polaud, tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou
cout|uaoas|y v|o|ates tbe Ttade Agteemeuts Act
of 1 962 aud also tbe Ttade Developmeut aud
Ass|stauce Act of 1 954, tbe Agt|caltatal Act of
1 961 , aud tbe Iote|gu Ass|stauce Act of 1 961 .
Tbe wbeat dea| w|tb tbe Sov|et Uu|ou w||| |ucat
eveu mote attogaut v|o|at|ou of a|| tbese |aws.
Uu|ted States Seuatot Itauk J. Iaascbe ( Demo
ctat, Ob|oj says tbat tbe Ttade Developmeut aud
Ass|stauce Act of 1 954 des|guates tbe Sov|et Uu
|ou as uot a ft|eudly uat|ou, aud tbas, spec|n
cally ptob|b|ts sacb deals as Keuuedy' s wbeat sale
to tbe Sov|ets. Seuatot Iaascbe says tbe wbeat
deal w|l| opeu tbe doot fot s|m||at a|d to com
mau|st Cb|ua aud commau|st Caba.
epteseutat|ve Cbatles A. Hal|ec| (Repab||
cau, Iud|aua, Hoase M|uot|ty Ieadetj says tbat
Cougtess, wbeu euact|ug fote|gu a|d apptopt|a
t|ous fot nscal yeat 1 963, natly ptob|b|ted m|l|taty
a|d to 1 9 euametated commau|st uat|ous Ha||eck
sa|d tbe patpose of tb|s ptob|b|t|ou was to stop
m|l|taty a|d to commau|st Yagoslav|a oue of
tbe commau|st uat|ous spec|ncally euametated.
Ou May 14, 1 963, Ptes|deut Keuuedy made a
sectet tal|ug tbat Yagoslav|a |s uot couttolled
by tbe |utetuat|oua| commau|st cousp|tacy, aud
|s, tbetefote, el|g|ble fot m|l|taty aud ecouom|c
a|d. Hav|ug tbas ovett|ddeu tbe j adgmeut of
Cougtess, tbe Ptes|deut set as|de tbe |aw. He
s|gued au execat|ve otdet ( ou May 14, 1 963 )
petm|tt|ug tbe sa|e of 2 m||l|ou dollats |u m|||taty
sappl|es to Yagoslav|a. Tbe State Depattmeut
c|ass|ned tbe otdet sectet. ' Cougtess |uew
uotb|ug aboat tbe ta||ug ot tbe execat|ve otdet au
t|l tbe Passmau Comm|ttee aucoveted tbe facts.
The I ndian Steel Mi l l
epteseutat|ve Ha|lec|, tboagb coucetued pt|
mat|ly w|tb tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou s |l|egal
a|d to commao|st coautt|es, meut|oued auotbet
|ustauce of tbe adm|u|sttat|ou s denauce of |aw.
"The House of Representatives has stricken
authorization in the foreign aid bill for a steel
mill in India, but Ambassador Chester Bowles is
already publicly assuring India the lack of Con
gressional authorization will be circumvented
and the mill will be built. . . . "( 6)
Mt. Ha|lec| posed a qaest|ou.
"Can this country long continue as a constitu
tional government if the acts of Congress can be
ignored or circumvented by the Executive
Branch?" ( 6 )
Gol d Reserve
Jbe Amet|cau gold tesetve |s d|v|ded |uto
two p||es . tbe ftee p|le, aud tbe aucbot
p||e. Tbe ftee p|le of gold |s tbe gold |u oat
tesetve wb|cb tbe Tteasaty Depattmeut cau sell,
ot ase to tedeem fote|gubeld Amet|cau do||ats.
Tbe aucbot p||e of gold |s tbe go|d wb|cb oat
govetumeut mast keep |u stotage aud uot ase |u
auy way. It |s be|d to falnll tbe teqa|temeut tbat
25 of oatstaud|ug Iedeta| Resetve uotes aud
||ab|||t|es be bac|ed by go|d. C|t|zeus cauuot tatu
|u tbe|t papet mouey aud get auy gold ftom tbe
aucbot p|le , bat, as loug as |t |s tbete, |t g|ves
some stab|l|ty to oat |utetua| catteucy, becaase
c|t|zeus fee| tbat tbe|t mouey |s uot wottb|ess . a
spec|ned amoaut of go|d (wb|cb bas petmaueut,
au|vetsal valae, tegatdless of wats, tevolat|ous,
deptess|ous j |s beb|ud evety papet dol|at tbey
owu.
Iu May, 1 961 , foat moutbs aftet Keuuedy' s
|uaagatat|ou, tbe Amet|cau gold tesetve tota|ed
1 7. 3 b|l||ou do||ats. Of tbat amoaut, 1 2 b|ll|ou
do||ats was |u tbe aucbot p||e as bac||ug fot
oat |utetua| catteucy. Tb|s |eft 5 . 3 bi|||ou do||ats
1l tbe ftee p||e of go|d wb|cb tbe Tteasaty
Page 340
Depattmeut coald ase fot tedeem|ug fote|gu
cla|ms. ( 9) At tbat t|me, fote|gu cla|ms aga|ust oat
gold tesetve totaled apptox|mately 23 b|ll|ou dol
lats.
Jbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou ptoposed a law
to el|m|uate tbe teqa|temeut tbat gold be beld
to bac| oat |utetual catteucy. Tb|s woald uot
stop tbe n|gbt of oat gold to fote|gu lauds ot
el|m|uate tbe denc|ts |u oat balauce of paymeuts,
bat |t woald telease 1 2 b|ll|ou dollats wottb of
gold fot tbe govetumeut to poat oat to fote|gu
ets aut|l all of oat gold tesetve |s goue.
Ou May 9, 1961, Uu|ted States Repteseutat|ve
Abtabam Maltet ( Democtat, New Yot|j |utto
daced a B|ll to el|m|uate tbe aucbot p|le of
gold. Mt. Maltet sa|d tbe |uteut of b|s B|ll was
to ma|e,
" . . . perfectly clear by statute that our entire
gold stock . . . is available to meet liquid dollar
holdings of foreign countries . . . . "( 9)
Jbe -tb Cougtess tefased to pass tbe Maltet
B|ll. Ou Jauaaty 9, 1 963, Maltet tesabm|tted b|s
B|ll ( uow des|guated HR 642 ) . Bat tbe Keuuedy
adm|u|sttat|ou does uot plau to wa|t fot Cou
gtess to act. Iu test|mouy befote tbe Seuate Jo|ut
Icouom|c Comm|ttee, |u 1 963, Keuuedy' s Secte
taty of tbe Tteasaty ( Doaglas D|llouj sa| d.
"While our laws require a 25 percent cover for
our currency in Federal Reserve deposits, our
laws also provide that the Federal Reserve System
in time of emergency has the right, on its own
recognizance, to waive that requirement and to
allow the sale of gold to continue.
"The chairman of the Federal Reserve has
stated that if the situation should arise, it would
be his intention to make use of this authority. "( 10)
Iu otbet wotds, tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou,
wb|le as||ug Cougtess fot a law to aatbot|ze
el|m|uat|ou of tbe aucbot p|le of gold, setves
uot|ce tbat |t bas alteady te|utetpteted ex|st|ug
law to aatbot|ze wbat it wauts to do, wbeu
|t wauts to do |t.
Peace Corps
tu Matcb 1, 1 961, Ptes|deut Keuuedy, by
execat|ve otdet, establ|sbed tbe Peace Cotps He
d|d uot as| Cougtess to cteate tbe Peace Cotps
legally aut|l May 30, 1 961 . Cougtess d|d uot
euact a b|ll to cteate tbe Peace Cotps aut|l Sep
tembet 2 1 , 1 961. By tbat t|me, Keuuedy s Peace
Cotps ( audet tbe d|tect|ou of b|s btotbet|ulawj
was alteady |u fall sw|ug b|t|ug appl|cauts by
tbe tboasauds, ma||ug comm|tmeuts to fote|gu
uat|ous all ovet tbe globe.
( 1 l )
Iu b|s State of tbe Uu|ou Message ou jauaaty
14, 1 963, Ptes|deut Keuuedy ptoposed a Domes
tic Peace Cotps Nat|oual Setv|ce Cotps. B|lls
to cteate a Nat|oual Setv|ce Cotps wete uot |utto
daced |u Cougtess aut|l Matcb 1 1 , 1963. Tbe
Seuate B|ll bas beeu passed, bat tbe Hoase B|ll
|s st|ll |u Comm|ttee. Tbete |s cous|detable doabt
tbat tb|s sess|ou of Cougtess w|ll evet aatbot|ze
Keuuedy' s Domest|c Peace Cotps Bat tbe oatnt
bas beeu |u opetat|ou s|uce late last yeat, | llegally
as|ug tax mouey apptopt|ated fot otbet patposes ,
aud p|lot peace cotps ptoj ects ate spt|ug|ug ap
all ovet tbe coautty.
( l2)
Ou Iebtaaty 6, 1 963, Uu|ted States Seuatot
Itau| J Iaascbe tevealed tbat Assoc|ated Com
mau|t|es Team, Iuc (ACTj , of Hatlem, New
Yot|, was opetat|ug as a p|lot ptoj ect of tbe
Nat|oual Setv|ce Cotps ( befote B|lls to aatbot
|ze tbe Cotps bad evet beeu sabm|tted to Cou
gtess j . Accotd|ug to Seuatot Iaascbe, Adam
Claytou Powell ( Democtat Repteseutat|ve ftom
Hatlem, wbo bas mauy commau|st ftout couuec
t|ous j was ou tbe boatd of d|tectots of Assoc|
ated Commauit|es Team, Iuc , tbat Powell bad
obta|ued $250,000 of fedetal tax mouey fot ACT
( ta|eu ftom fauds wb|cb bad beeu apptopt|ated
to ngbt j aveu|le del|uqaeucyj , aud tbat ACT
w
-
s as|ug ptopetty aud ba|ld|ugs owued by oue of
Powell s bas|uesses.
( l2)
Posse Comitatus Act
Jbe Coust|tat|ou ( Att|cle 4, Sect|ou 4 ) cleatly
ptob|b|ts tbe Ptes|deut ftom seud|ug m|l|taty, ot
Page 341
otbet fotces, |uto a State to act aga|ust domest|c
v|oleuce auless be |s spec|ncally teqaested to do
so by tbe govetumeut of tbat State. Tb|s coust|
tat|oual ptob|b|t|ou |s te|ufotced by tbe Posse
Com|tatas Act of 1 878, wb|cb makes |t a ct|m|ual
oeuse (pau|sbable by a nue of $1 0, 000 aud a
pt|sou seuteuce of 2 yeats j fot auyoue to ase
auy patt of tbe Atmed Iotces to execate tbe laws
|u auy State, auless sacb ase |s exptessly aatbo
t|zed by tbe Coust|tat|ou ot by au Act of Cou
gtess. ( 13)
Ptes|deut I|seubowet |u seud|ug ttoops to I|t
tle Rock |u 1957, aud Ptes|deut Keuuedy |u seud
|ug ttoops to Oxfotd |u 1962, v|olated botb tbe
Coust|tat|ou aud tbe Posse Com|tatas Act. ''
And So On
1ete ate a few mote wellkuowu |ustauces of
lawless bebav|ot by ageuc|es of tbe fedetal gov
etumeut .
Iu tbe spt|ug of 1963, tbe Keuuedy adm|u|s
ttat|ou v|olated tbe Hatcb Act nagtautly by otdet
|ug oc|als aud employees of tbe Agt|caltate
Depattmeut ( aud of otbet ageuc|es as well j to
patt|c|pate |u pol|t|cal aud lobby|ug act|v|t|es |u
tbe couttovets|al Wbeat Refeteudam Gteat sams
of tax mouey wete speut ( ausaccessfallyj to pet
saade, aud |ut|m|date, wbeat fatmets |uto vot|ug
fot cout|uaed fedetal couttols. Iedetal oc|als
eveu pat |llegal ptessate ou btoadcast|ug stat|ous,
to get ftee t|me fot ptogtams |u sappott of wbeat
couttols, aud to d|scoatage btoadcasts wb|cb ct|t|
c|zed tbe adm|u|sttat|ou's ptoposed ptogtam
by tem|ud|ug stat|ou owuets tbat tbe|t ICC l|
ceuses wete good fot ouly tbtee yeats.
Iu tbe apptopt|at|ous act fot tbe Commetce
Depattmeut |u 1960, Cougtess spec|ncally pto
b|b|ted d|splay of tbe Pauamau|au nag |u tbe
Uu|ted States Pauama Caual Zoue I|seubowet
v|olated tb|s law ou Septembet 17, 1960, wbeu
be otdeted tbe nag of Pauama to be nowu |u oat
Canal Zone. On October 29, 1 962, Kennedy vio
lated tbe law by otdet|ug tbe Pauamau|au nag
to be nowu alougs|de tbe Stats aud Stt|pes ovet
tbe Uu|ted States Adm|u|sttat|ou Ba|ld|ug |u tbe
Caual Zoue.
Iu Septembet, 1962, Idw|u A. Walket was
a
teste w|tboat ptocess |u Oxfotd, M|ss|ss|pp|,

st:gmat:zed as meutally |ll, |ucatcetated w|tboat
ptocess |u a fedetal meutal bosp|tal, aud beld
tempotat|ly audet coud|t|ous wb|cb made |t |m
poss|ble fot b|m to post boud. He was ga|lty of
uotb|ug, aud was of soaud m|ud aud above
avetage |utell|geuce, as tbe govetumeutappo|uted
psycb|att|sts detetm|ued. H|s oeuse was tbat be
stood as a symbol of tes|tauce aga|ust tbe tal|ug
tytauuy |u Wasb|ugtou
As d|scassed |u some deta|l |u tb|s Report
dated Septembet 30, 1 963 ( McNamata's Com
m|ssats' , tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou |s ptes
eutly asug tbe Atmed Iotces as a pol|t|cal gestapo
to eufotce couttovets|al adm|u|sttat|ou pol|c|es
apou tbe c|v|l|au popalat|ou of tbe uat|ou.
Tbe Seuate Iutetual Secat|ty Sabcomm|ttee |s
tespous|ble fot detetm|u|ug wbetbet tbe secat|ty
laws euacted by Cougtess ate be|ug ptopetly eu
fotced by tbe ageuc|es of govetumeut. Iu Matcb,
1 963, Mt. Otto I Otepka ( Cb|ef of tbe Ivala
at|ou D|v|s|ou of tbe Secat|ty Oce of tbe State
De
attmeut j , |u tespouse to au oc|al sabpoeua,

test:ned befote tbe Seuate Sabcomm|ttee. Otepka
tevealed tbat, of 1 68 State Depattmeut employees
aooo|uted s|uce Deau Rask became Sectetaty of
State, 1 50 wete uot g|veu secat|ty cbecks teqa|ted
by law Iustead of comply|ug w|tb tbe law of
Cougtess, Deau Rask b|ted tbe 1 50 by |ssa|ug
wa|vets to |guote tbe law Deau Rask uted
Otepka (eect|ve Octobet 23, 1 963 ) fot g|v|ug
tb|s |ufotmat|ou to tbe Iutetual Secat|ty Sabcom
m|ttee.
Al l of tbe above |s a mattet of pabl|c tecotd.

Not yet vet|ned aud made a patt of tbe tecotd
|s a tepott, w|desptead |u Wasb|ugtou aud emau
at|ug ftom asaally tel|able soatces, tbat Otepka
tevealed damag|ug |ufotmat|ou aboat oue ot mote
of Deau Rasks top ass|stauts. It |s also w|dely
reported in Washington that the State Depart
meut made |ts case aga|ust Otepka by tact|cs
Page 342
w||c| woald send a pol|ce omcet to j a| l iot
enttapoent and |nvas|on oi pt|vacy
Kennedy' s Appoi ntments
Ptes|dentKennedy sappo|ntoentsto||g|oi
ucealsoteveal||sd|stegatd iott|elaw, and iot
t|ew|lloiCongtess, w||c| |ssapposed to bet|e
pol|cy-oa||ng btanc| oi govetnoent. Iot want
oispace,two tecent appo|ntoents oast samce as
exaoples.
Congtess |as apptopt|ated b|ll|ons oi tax dol
latstooa|et|eLn|ted :tates Navyt|egteatest
naval iotce |n ||stoty. T|e o|ss|on oi t|e L. :.
Navy |s, oi coatse, to deiend t|e Ln|ted :tates
aga|nst any and all iote|gn powets. On Octobet
i , i )6), Ptes|dent Kennedy appo|nted Paal H.
N|tze :ectetaty oi Navy. N|tze wants to d|sato
t|e Ln|ted :tates as a oaj ot nacleat powet. He
wantstod|soantlenational deienseandsattendet
conttol oi Ln|ted :tates Atoed Iotces to t|e
Ln|ted Nat|ons. Anyone w|o doabts t||s s|oald
tead T|e Powet :ttaggle and :ecat|ty |n a
Nacleat:pace Age, w||c| was a tepott oi one
:ect|onoit|e I|it| Wotld Otdet :tady Coniet
ence, convened |n Cleveland, O||o, Noveobet
is zi , i)s, byt|eNat|onalCoanc|loiC|atc|es.
PaalH.N|tzewasC|a|toanoit|e:ect|onw||c|
|ssaed t||s patt|calat tepott. T|e tepott tecoo
oends total d|satoaoent oi t|e Ln|ted :tates,
sattendet oi oat Atoed Iotces to t|e Ln|ted
Nat|ons,tecogn|t|onoitedC||na,| ncteasedttade
and caltatal exc|anges w|t| all coooan|stcoan
tt|es, and |ncteased Aoet|can iote|gn a|d|n
clad|ng a|d to coooan|st coantt|es. T||s tepott,
|ssaed andet t|e c|a|toans||p oi Paal H. N|tze,
Kennedy' s appo|ntee iot :ectetaty oi t|e Navy,
can be ioand |n Christian Responsibility On A
Changing Planet ( pages z))) , , pabl|s|ed |n
Iebtaaty, i):), byT|eNat|onal Coanc|l oi t|e
C|atc|esoiC|t|st,z)Ioatt|Avenae,NewYot|
l c,N. Y. ( pt|ce) cents , .PaalH. N|tzesd|tect,
iotoaltecoooendat|ons iot sattendet oiAoet|
can Atoed Iotces can be ioand |n ||s lectate
to t|e As|looat Nat|onal :ttategy :eo|nat |n
Apt|l, l )6c.
( l8)
tn :epteobet 6, )6), Ptes|dent Kennedy
annoanced t|e appo|ntoent oi Geotge Cl|iton
dwatds, )t. , as )adgeoi t|e:|xt| L. :. C|tca|t
Coatt oi Appeals, w|t| j at|sd|ct|on ovet m|c||
gan,O||o,Kentac|y,andTennessee.
dwatds |s t|e son oia ooet|oe soc|al|st can
d|date iot Govetnot oi Texas. :|ottly aitet ||s
gtadaat|on itom :oat|etn met|od|st Ln|vets|ty,
|e becaoe a ueld teptesentat|ve iot t|e leagae
iotIndastt|al Deooctacy, iotoetly called t|e In
tetcolleg|ate:oc|al|st:oc|ety.Dat|ngt|eo|d )c' s
|e was attested |n Iott :o|t|, At|ansas, and |n
Detto|t, m|c||gan, iot patt|c|pat|on |n vat|oas
stt||es. InDetto|t, |ewas conv|cted oiconteopt
oi coatt, nned tzcand sentenced to )c days |n
j a|l. In i))), )osep| P. las| test|ued beiote t|e
D|es Cooo|ttee ( HoaseCooo|tteeonLnAoet
|can Act|v|t|es, t|at dwatds |ad been nat|onal
c|a|toan oi Aoet|can :tadentLn|on, a coooa
n|st itont.
mote tecently, dwatds was an otgan|zet iot
Waltet Reat|et's Ln|ted Aatooob|le Wot|ets
Ln|on|nm|c||gan.dwatds|asno|nownqaal|
ucat|oniott|e||g|omcetow||c|Kennedy|as
appo|nted ||o, bat |t |s obv|oas t|at Reat|et's
sappott |s enoag| to oa|e ||o a datl|ng oi t|e
Kennedy iao|ly.
W'hat To Do?
|e :enate |as not yet conutoed Kennedy's
appo|ntoents oiN|tzeanddwatds. T|e pabl|c
s|oalddeoandt|att|e:enatetej ectt|enoo|na
t|ons.
Page 343
Iot c|e long tan, c|e pabl|c can end lawless
govetnoenc, and tescote oat consc|cac|onal sys
ceo, by elecc|ng consc|cac|onal|scs co Congtess
and co c|e Ptes|dency.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) New Y Otk Times News Service story from Nowa Huta, Poland,
The Dallas Moming News, July 1 3, 1961, Section 2, p. 10
( 2 ) Remarks of U. S. Senator Frank J. Lausche ( Democrat, Ohio)
in Congressional Record ( daily ) , May 1 5, 1963, pp. 8 1 5 3-4
and May 20, 1963, pp. 8529-45; remarks of U. S. Representa
tive Louis C. Wyman ( Republican, New Hampshire ) , COI1-
g" essional Record ( daily ) , June 19, 1 963, pp. 1 0596-7
( 3 ) "Religion and Foreign Aid in Colombia," by James E. Goff,
The Cnnent Challenge to Cburch-State Separatio/I, published
by POAU, 1 962, pp. 27-34
( 4) For detailed information on foreign aid, including complete
statistical data, see this Report, "Foreign Aid is Killing Ameri
ca," October 2 1 , 1963.
( 5 ) Newsletter of U. S. Representative Richard 1. Roudebush
( Republican, Indiana ) , October 7, 1 963
( 6) Text of press conference by U. S. Representative Charles A.
Halleck ( Republican, Indiana) , October 1 0, 1963
( 7 ) COllgressional Reco,d ( daily ) , February 2 6, 1963, pp. 2865-6
( 8 ) AP dispatch from Washi ngton, The Dallas Moming News,
October 7. 1963, Section I, p. 1 2
(9) "Gold Reserve Legislation," speech by U. S . Representative
Abraham J. Multer, COllgressional Record, May 9, 1 961 , p.
7 1 59 ( daily ) . p. 7669 ( bound )
( 1 0 ) "Federal Reserve Board to Suspend Minimum If Gold Re
serves Slip Below Requirement," by Robert S. Allen and Paul
Scott, The Las Vegas Sun, September 10, 1963, p. 6
( 1 1 ) Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 1961, p. 66
( 1 2 ) Cong" essional Reco"d ( daily ) , February 6, 1 963, pp. 1 772-4;
and March I, 196
, p. A 1086
( 1 3 ) "The little Rock Case-Authority Of The President To Use
Federal Troops In A State Of The Union," by W. Scott Wilkin
son, Congressional Record ( dai ly ) , September 26, 1 962, pp.
19654-9
( 14) "Arm Twisting on the Wheat Vote," by Richard Wilson, The
Wasbilgto/I Evening Star, June 19, 1963
( 1 5 ) "Congress Must Save The Panama Canal," speech by U. S.
Represen
ative Daniel J. Flood ( Democrat, Pennsylvania) ,

C0Igressronal Record ( daily) , April 9, 1963, pp. 5743-57
( 1 6 ) For details on the Walker story, see this Report, "The Wages
of Socialism," October 1 5, 1962, pp. 333-6.
( 1 7 ) "Spotlight Of Probers I s On Rusk," by Edith Kermit Roose
velt, The San Diego UnioJl, October 20, 1963, p. c2
( 1 8) For a complete discussion of the Asi lomar Seminar see this
Report, "Defense or Surrender ?", March 2 6, 1962.
'
( 1 9) "]FK's Choice: The Issue: Jurist With A Record?", by Bob
Hollingsworth, The Dallas Times Herald, October 17, 1 963,
pp. lA, 19A
WHO I S D A N S MO O T ?
1940. In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard U a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
The Report and the broadcast give only one side in presenting documented truth about i mportant issues -the side
available for commercial sponsrship, anywhere i n the United States.
Page 344
.
M
III Smoot Repo,t
Vol. 9, No. 44 (Broadcast 429) November 4, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
Nk. STEVENSON GOES TO DALLAS
5andy Bac|oan was an |d|oc.
He and I wot|ed toget|et as |t|netanc iato |ands iot aboat s|x wee|s one saooet. I was a
boy oi i , and :andy was a oan |n ||so|ddleiott|es. Hence, I always pa|d ||o c|e tespecc t|at
a oan was dae itoo a boy|n t|ose bac|watd, |solat|on|st, nonptogtess|ve days becween cbe
two gteat wats. Bat a iew oi t|e ot|et ueld |ands oade ian oi :andy. T|ete was a gteac deal
oi ctaelty |n sooe oi t|e ptact|cal jo|es t|ey played on ||o.
It |s st|ll pa|nial to tecall t|elascc|oe I saw :andy. wal||ng down t|e toad, w|tb no place
to go, catty|ng all ||s wotldly goods |n a wotn and totncatdboatd sa|tcase, cty|ng l||ea cbild.
T||s was t|e end tesalt oi t|e last ptact|cal j o|eat :andy' sexpense.
_ :andy stood |n awe and tettot oi t|e ioteoan. A coapleoit|e boys, ptetend|ngit|endlycon
.
concetn,:old||o|owtogetont|egoods|deoit|e boss pat |n a l|ttle itee t|oe now and cben,
do|ng wot| be wasn't told to do. T||s woald s|ow t|e boss be was |ntetested, and |c woald
oa|e a good |optess|on.
:andy was w|ll|ng, bat |e coaldn't t||n| oi anyt||ng to do. T|e boys |elped ||o oat .
Go downto t|egeat tooo next :anday and ux ap all t|e bto|en |atness. T|ac'll oa|e a bic
w|t| t|e boss.
:andywent, bat|ecoaldn'tundanybto|enbatness.T|eboys|elpedb|oaga|n.Btea|sooe,
t|ey adv|sed ||o, so' s yoa' ll |ave sooeco ux.
:andy d|d. He t|pped open a dozen expens|veoalecollats,catapabanc|oi|aoesttaps,and
oat|lated sevetal pa|ts oi l|nesand c|en sec to wot| tty|ngto oend t|eo.
T|e boss caag|t ||o and uted ||o. :andy pac|ed ap and leic, |ooeless and j obless, and, as
I sa|d, cty|ng l||e a c||ld.

1
I
Page 345
1 tty to keep Saudy oat of my memoty. Tbe
tboagbt of b|m, aftet mote tbau tb|tty yeats,
stlll pats a lamp lu my tbtoat. Yet be comes
|uexotably to m|ud evety t|me I beat someoue
l|ke Adla| I. Steveusou talk aboat tbe Uu|ted
Natlous.
I dou' t teckou tbete' s auy teal slm|latlty be
tweeu Adla| I. Steveusou aud Saudy Backmau.
I uevet beatd auyoue call Saudy a wlt, aud I've
uevet beatd auyoue call Steveusou a balfw|t.
Yet |u evety Steveusou speecb aboat tbe UN,
tbete |s sometblug tbat tem|uds me of Saudy.
Mt. Steveusou says tbat lf we dld uot bave a
UN, we woa!d bave to iuveut oue, becaase tbe
UN |s |ud|speusable to wotld peace. Mt. Steveu
sou aud otbets llke blm ased to couceuttate ou
Palestlue wbeu talklug aboat peacemaklug ac
compl|sbmeuts of tbe UN. Ivety tlme tbete was
au apsatge of ct|tlclsm of tbe UN, tbe Coauc|ls
ou Wotld Aa|ts, tbe Ametlcau Assoclat|ou fot
tbe Uulted Nat|ous, aud otbet sem|oc|al al|
ates of tbe Coaucll ou Iote|gu Relatlous woald
stage meetlugs tbtoagboat tbe uat|ou, featatlug
ptom|ueut petsoual|tles talk|ug aboat bow tbe
UN stopped a wat |u Palestlue aud tbas avetted
a wotld catasttopbe.
Tbat' s tbe same l|ue of tbluklug tbat got poot
old Saudy Backmau nted. Tbete wasu't auy btok
eu batuess to nx, bat Saudy cat ap a few p|eces
so tbat be' d bave some to nx. Tbete wasu't auy
Palestlue wat to stop, bat UN statesmeu made
oue wbeu tbey catved tbe modetu state of Istael
oat of tbe beatt of tbe Atab bomelaud. Tbls bas
g|veu tbem a peacemaklug j ob to wotk ou pet
petaally. Auy t|me tbey ueed auotbet UN peace
maklug accompllsbmeut, some U oclal cau
make au expeus|ve New YotkIstael| toaud ttlp.
Ptess teleases ate lssaed. Resolatlous ate lutto
daced lu tbe Geuetal Assembly. Aud auotbet wat
ls stopped by wbat Mt. Steveusou calls a dlalogae
|u tbe UN.
1n recent months, UN spokesmen have been
bold|ug tbe evetteady Palest|ue ptoblem lu te
setve fot ueedy tlmes. Nowadays, tbey talk pt|u
clpally aboat tbe UN peacemaklug accompllsb-
meut |u tbe Belg|au Cougo. Tbat s wbat Mt.
Steveusou sttessed lu Dallas.
T
.
be Cou
o ls auotbet Saudy Backmau type op

etatrou. Tbiugs wete go|ug as well |u tbe Belg|au
Cougo as mottal meu bad auy tlgbt to expect.
UN ptessates fotced tbe Belglaus to get oat aud
leave tbe coautty |u tbe bauds of people uot yet
teady to

gov
tu tbemselves. Tbe tesaltlug bloody

mess w:
.
ll g:v
.
e UN peacemakets sometb|ug to
meddle iu autil tbe last Ametlcau dollat |s sqaau
deted.
Tbe UN oc|als sald tbey wauted selfdeterml
uat|ou |
^
tbe Cougo. Bat wbeu ptowestetu Ka
tauga tted
.
to
l
tesetve law aud otdet by assettlug
selfdetetmiuat.ou, tbe UN peacemakets tavaged
tbe coautty wltb bestlal vloleuce. Wbeu tbe UN
ctea
es ptoblem, |t doesu't waut auyoue else

solviug
t. If folks ate petmltted to solve ptob

lems wbicb tbe UN cteates fot tbem, tbete mlgbt
uot be euoagb ausolved ptoblems fot UN oclals
to lutetveue lu aud bave dlalogaes aboat.
5audy Backmau woald audetstaud tbat all
except tbe dialogue patt. Wbeu people wltb dlf-
fetlug vlews talked aboat sometblug, Saudy ased
to say tbey wete atga|ug. Mt. Steveusou says
tbey ate bav|ug a d|alogae. Bat

tbat's a mluot
po|ut tbat Saudy coald get atoaud, ot llve wltb.
As I sald, I dou t llke to tbluk aboat Saudy
Backmau, bat be bas beeu macb ou my mlud
sluce Mt. Steveusou came to Dallas last week.
I wlsb I kuew wbete Saudy ls. Tbe Uulted Na
t|ous coald ase b|m.
The Dreadful Affai r
tu Octobet 23, 1963, tbe Uulted States Day
Commlttee beld a meetlug lu tbe Dallas Memotlal
Aadltot|am Tbeatet. Idwlu A. Walket spoke,
ctltlclzlug tbe Uulted Natlous, advocatlug testo
tatlou of a ftee aud ludepeudeut Ametlcau Repab
llc. Noue of tbe uewstepottlug medla gave tbe
meet|ug advauce pabllclty. By wotd of moatb
Page 346
and d|s:t|bat|on oi |andb|lls, t|e Cooo|ttee
teac|ed enoag| people to get an aad|ence oi
aboat1 200. T|eoeet|ngwasnotbtoadcast. Ptess
covetage was petianctoty.
T|enextn|g|tAdla|:tevensonoadeaLn|ted
Nat|ons Day speec| |n t|e saoe place, to an
aadienceoiaboat1700 people, andett|eaasp|ces
oit|eDallasLn|tedNat|onsAssoc|at|onandt|e
Dallas leagae oi Wooen Vo:ets. W|eteas t|e
L. :. Day Cooo|ttee |ad pa|d all |ts own b|lls,
wecanbesatet|atmt. :tevenson ttaveled itoo
New Yot| and stayed |n Dallas, at taxpayets
expense. H|sv|s|twasg|venanenotooasaooant
oi advance pabl|c|ty by newstepot:|ng oed|a.
H|s speec| was telev|sed l|veat pt|oe eatly eve
n|ng t|oe (pte-eopt|ng t|e Petty mason pto
gtao, . T|elocal CB:al|ate ( KRlD, donated
a iall |oat oi t|oe to btoadcast :tevenson' s
speec|.
Potall oi t|e 1700 peoplew|ocaoe to |eat
mt. :tevenson wete j ab|lant aboat ||o and ||s
oessage. Ins|de t|e t|eatet t|ete wete people
w|o |ave a d|o v|ew oi mt. :tevenson and t|e
Ln|tedNat|ons. Oats|de,actowdoisac|people
|adgat|eted,catty|ngplacatds,toletmt. :teven
son |now t|e|t sent|oents. T|ete was also a
ctowd oi pto:tevenson p|c|ets, j eet|ng and |n
salt|ng t|e ant|:tevenson people. T|e Dallas
pol|ce, awate t|at t|e ctowd was exc|ted, gave
:tevenson a planned and adeqaate escott to ||s
car, when the meeting was over; but Stevenson
saddenlyleit||sescottandsttodetowatdap|c|et
|ng gtoap, say|ng, lets see w|at's wtong w|t|
t|esepeople. Hewal|edd|tectlytowatda lady
catty|ng an ant|:tevenson placatd. :ooeone |n
t|ectowdyelled,Patdownt|es|gns. T|elady
obed|ently loweted |ets, j ast |n t|oe to baop
:tevensonont|e|ead.
1oat days latet, t|e aa|t was st|ll oa||ng
bannet |eadl|nes ont|eitontpages oibot| Dal
las newspapets, and t|e c|v|c leadets oi Dallas
wete st|ll gtovel|ng exttavagantly. T|ey |ad
sent wires of apolo
g
y to Mr. Stevenson and to
Ptes|dent Kennedy. T|e C|ty Coanc|l was del|b-
eta:|ng t|e soleon qaest|on oi send|ng iotoal ,
oc|al apolog|es. mayot Latl Cabell |ad oade
sevetal ptonoanceoents aboatt|eextteo|sts w|o
|addonet||st||ngsay|ng t|eywetet|e saoe
gtoap oi tad|cals w|o |ad voted |n t|e last
elect|on to tej ect t|e mayot' s ptoposed pabl|c
|oas|ng sc|eoe. Cabell even ||nted dat|ly t|at
t|ete oag|t to be a law aga|nst people w|o dis
l||e pabl|c |oas|ng and t|eLn|tedNat|ons, say
mg
"Good behavior is not enough. This cancer
on the body politic must be removed." ( 2)
Raoot was t|ie. T|ete was pets|stent taoot
t|att|eKennedyctowd|nWas||ngtonwasglee
ially patt|ng |ntense ptessate on c|v|c leadets oi
Dallas, tell|ng t|eot|ey |ad bettet ta|eadvan
tage oi t||s occas|on to sqaelc| and s|lence all
Dallas teact|onat|es ( espec|ally Lnited :tates
Reptesentat|ve Btace Alget, |i Dallas|tes want
to|eep t|e|t|ands|nt|egteatiedetalpot| bat
tel oi tax ooney iot govetnoent conttacts, gov
etnoent ba|ld|ngs, atban tenewal, pabl|c |oas-
|ng, and so on. T|ete was taoot aboat plans
iot a bond|ssaeto etecta stataeto :tevenson |n
Dallas. T|eoost engag|ng taoot oi all |ad to
do w|t| a b|g oalt|o|ll|on dollat iedetal cen
tet w||c| downtown teal estate ptoootets and
c|v|c leadets |ave been want|ng iot sooe t|oe.
T|etaoot|st|at|ic|tyleadetscangtovelenoag|
to get Kennedy apptoval oi t|e iedetal centet,
t|ey w|ll ptoo|se not to call |t a iedetal centet .
they will name it t|e Adlai Stevenson Center.
Iot days aitet t|e Adla| :tevenson aa|t, t|e
tone oi all omc|al coooent |n Dallas gave t|e
|optess|ont|at a o|asoa oi d|sgtace |ang ovet
the city -that all decent folks were about to
o|gtate | nseatc| oi a coooan|ty w|ete Aobas
sadotsateno:|ab|taallyclabbedont|e|eadw|tb
s:gns.
I |ave not seen anyone pac||ng ap to oove.
T|e ctows and j ayb|tds oat |n oy end oi town
caw and scold evety ootn|ng as | i t|ey ate st|ll
glad to be al|ve |n Dallas. T|epeople I seeon
t|estteetseeoqa|teanawateoit|ecloadw||c|
darkens the sky for the Mayor, the City Council,
andt|ec|v|cleadets.
Page 347
Ol d Man Gri ppin
tne tb|ng | s obv|oas . tbe l|betals oi Dallas
atedeteto|nedtooa|esacbclaoottbattbeieat
oibe|ngbtandedbate-oongetsandctac|potsw|ll
iotevets|lenceallwbowoaldct|t|c|zetbeLn|ted
Nat|ons ot any otbet caase ot |nst|ta:|on tbat |s
a sacted cow oi l|betal|so. By do|ng tb|s, oat
l|betal leadets ate coopoand|ng tbe gt|evance
wb|cb caased tbe deoonsttat|on aga|nst :teven
son |n tbe utst place.
Tbe people wbo p|c|eted :tevenson wete not
w|ldeyed |gnotaoases. Tbe |gnotaoases wete
|ns|deapplaad|ngwbat :tevensonsa|d. I say tb|s
|n||ndness. I aotoo ||nd to bel|eve tbat tbete
ate oote tban icc people |n Dallas wbo woald
applaad Adla| :tevenson |i tbey wete not |gno
tantoiwbattbeoanbasdone, wbatbeptoposes
to do, wbatbe syobol|zes.
Adla| :tevenson |soost iteqaentlys|ngled oat
asthe oan pt|oat|ly tespons|bleiot tbe bettayal
oi Aoet|can bonot, and oi Aoet|can secat|ty
|ntetests, |n connect|on w|tb tbe Bay oi P|gs
ttagedy|ntbe spt|ngoi i)6i .( 3 ) Adla| :tevenson
pabl|cly advocates sattendet oi Aoet|can sovet
e|gncy to tbe Ln|ted Nat|ons.
'' He boasts aboat

tbe LN Congo opetat|on '' wb|cb was unanced
w|tb ooney conuscated itoo Aoet|can wage
eatnets and wb|cb bt|ngs a ieel|ngoi bot sbaoe
to evety Aoet|can patt|ot wbo |nows tbe ttatb
aboat wbat tbe LN d|d w|tb oat ooney |n tbe
Congo. :tevenson |s a ioteoost syobol oi tbe
total|tat|an l|betal|so wb|cb plandetstbe Aoet|
can people oi tbe ita|ts oi tbe|t own labot, iot
caases and ptogtaos tbat ate desttoy|ng oat Re
pabl|c. W|tb |tall, be bas ba|lta tepatat|on as
a w|tbyoa||ngianoiwell|niotoedAoet|cans
wbo |now wbat be |s and wbat be stands iot.
Wost oi tbe people wbo p|c|eted :tevenson
|nowtbettatb aboat tbeoan. Tbeytesented b|s
speecb,andtbeiacttbatbeoade|t|naba|ld|ng
etected as a oeoot|al to Dallas|tes wbo ioagbt
and died for their country. They resented the
wotsb|pial tteatoent g|ven b|o by c|v|c leadets
wbo scotn ot |gnote ptoo|nent petsons oi op
pos|te v|ews. Tbey tesented tbe iact tbat oen
l||e:tevensontoao tbecoanttyattaxpayets' ex
pense to advocate pol|c|es wb|cb ate ta|noas to
oat nat|on. most oi all, tbey tesented tbe iact
tbat oen l||e :tevenson ate iteely g|ven all tbe
best iac|l|t|es oi tad|o, telev|s|on, and tbe ptess
to exptess tbe|t v|ews, wb|le tbe gteat body oi
edacatedandtepatablec|t|zensoioppos|ngv|ews
ateden|edtbeoeans oitell|ngtbettatb.
Tbe way tocoantet tbe bato tbat a oan l||e
:tevenson does | s notto wave s|gns at him, bat
to teacb others w|tb iacts wb|cb w|ll expose tbe
iallacy oib|sv|ews.
Bat bow can tb|s be done, wben tbose wbo
|now,andwbocateenoagbaboattbe|tcoanttyto
exett tbeoselves |n tbe caase oi pabl|c enl|gbt
oent, ateden|edoeansoipabl|cexptess|oneven
teootelycoopatabletotbeoeansan|vetsallyand
petpetaally ava|lableto :tevenson?
Tbe naobet oiAoet|cans wbo |now tbeagly
ttatb aboat :be Ln|ted Nat|ons, and wbo cate
enoagb to do sooetb|ng aboat |t, |s alteady | n
tbeo|ll|ons, and | sgtow|ng iast. Tbey w|ll not
bes|lenced. :ooebow, tbey w|ll und a oeans to
exptess tbeoselvesj ast as Old man Gt|pp|n
d|d.
tl dmanGt|pp|nwasa iatoet| ntbesoatb
west cotnet oi Kentac|y. At aboat tbe end oi
Woud Wat I, be lost b|s ent|te iao|ly |n a a
ep|deo|c. Itoo tbe t|oe oitbat d|sastet totbe
end oi b|s l|ie, be l|ved alone on b|s iccacte
iato, want|ng notb|ng bat to be leit alone |n
sol|tade, bebolden anto no oan ant|l t|e Lotd
called b|o Hooe to be w|tb b|s ||n.
I |new b|o asa ||nd andtendetoldoan, be
caase I l|ved |n b|s boase and wot|ed iot b|o
aboat a wee|, belp|ng b|o oend iences. Bat
no one else atoand tbete seeoed to |now b|o.
Be|ng eccentt|c, alone and |ndependent, be be
caoe an obj ect oi sasp|c|on and t|d|cale |n tbe
coooan|ty,and|twasalwaysopenseasononOld
Man Grippin's place for wild young rowdies.
Tbey plandeted b|s cotn held iot toast|ng eats
Page 348
bottom oi t|e utst page oi eac| |ssae oi t|e
Report ) . Ii yoa ate not iam|l|at w.t| Hope'
andwoald l||e to seew|et|et |twoald sa|t yoat
needs iot C|t|stmas ma|l|ngs, yoa can otdet a
samplecopy now iot 25 cents.
How Can I Hel p?
J|e iollow|ng exttact itom a tecent lettet
|s typ|cal oi comments w||c| I tece|ve, by t|e
|andteds, itom all ovet t|e Ln|ted :tates .
"I agree that something must be done to re
store liberty under constitutional government;
and I agree with most of your proposals, Mr.
Smoot; but what can I do?"
Iitenm|ll|on t|oag|tial Amet|can adalts |ad
t|at att|tade, t|e qaest|on woald answet |tsel i.
wewoald und and elect to pabl|c omce, at all
levels, men w|t| enoag| coatage, |ntegt|ty, and
andetstand|ng to testote t|ectamol|ng p|llats oi
oat matveloas const|tat|onal Repabl|c.
It iollows t|at oat utst, and b|ggest, j ob |s to
get ten m|ll|on Amet|cans |n t|e t|g|t itame oi
m|nd. ac| oiasmast do t|emost|ecan, w|t|
t|e tesoatces |e|as.
We w|o ate pabl|s||ng and btoadcast|ng can
teac|mote people t|anyoa |nd|v|daals |n ot|et
||nds oi wot|. Oat eottmay, t|eteiote, appeat
tooemotesat|siy|ngt|anany w||c| seemsava||
ab|eto yoa. Yet yoat eott |sactaally mote |m
pottantt|an oats,becaaseoatsdependsonyoa.
My wot|, iotexample, |scondacted as a itee
entetpt|se pao||s||ng and otoadcast|ng oas|ness.
I|tmsw||c| advett|sew|t|mywee|ly btoadcasts
( l||e Dt. Ross Pet Iood Company, pay me a
iee, bat my total btoadcast|ng tevenae |s small.
T|e|ncomet|at|eeps mego|ng|sitomsalesoi
my pao||s|ed matet|als boo|s, ooand volames,
andmywee|lyReport; anditomsalesoimyeda
cat|onal i|lms.
Hence, my sappotte:s atemycastomets , and I
am tota||y cepencent apon t|em. >ome, w|o
t||n|mywot|eect|ve, |e|p agteatcea| byg|v-
|ng sabsct|pt|onsoimy Report to ot|ets, send|ng
tept|nts oi cetta|n |ssaes to it|ends atg|ng t|em
to sabsct|be, g|v|ngmyooo|sandboandvolames
to l|otat|es, stadents and so on. A iew oi my
sabsct|bets send me money at |ntetvals, as||ng
t|at I ase |tto d|stt|bate my pabl|cat|ons w|ete
t|ev w|ll dot|emostgood. :ome send contt|ba
t|onsto beased|noat edacat|onal iandiotg|it
sabsct|pt|ons to sc|ools, stadents, teac|ets and
m|n|stets w|o want t|e Report, oat lac| iands.
:ome contt|bate to oat Congtess|onal Iand, to
|elo deitay oat expense |n send|ng t|e Report
tegalatlytoallmembetsoit|eNat|onalCongtess.
:acc contt|bat|ons iot my matet|al ate not tax-
exempt , oat bas|ness utmscand|stt|batemypab
l|cat|ons as g|its, and c|atge t|ecost to advett|s
|ng, j ast as t|ey g|ve ot|et pabl|cat|ons as ad
vett|s|ng.
Ii iacts and |deas w||c| yoa |ave tead |n my
Reports and |eatd on my btoadcasts |ave made
yoawanttodosomet||ng,|t|sptobablet|att|ose
same iactsand |deaswoald|aves|m|lateecton
peoplew|omyoa|now,|nyoatwot|,yoat|ome,
yoat ne|g|bot|ood, yoat c|atc|. Oiten yoa ate
t|eonlypetson|nthewotldw|ocanexposet|ese
peopletot|eiacts.
Wemastnotwa|tant|ldat|nesshas descended
ont|eland. IiweatetosaveoatRepabl|c,act|on
mast be ta|en noUJ. We |ave teac|ed t|e po|nt
w|ete we mast tevetse t|e d|sasttoas pol|c|es oi
govetnment, ot become a soc|al|st d|ctatots||p.
It |s ap toyoa.
Soviet Plans in Latin Ameri ca
(by Constantine Brown) (5J
MUNICH. - At a place "somewhere in Ger
many" where important Communist defectors
are screened before being given permanent resi
dence here, I met through German friends a
Czech who had held a position of responsibility
in the Prague hierarchy. He was a man in his
late ffties, erudite and keen-minded. He had
given up everything because "I could no longer
stand the intrigues, the double-crossings and the
lies of the regime which I had j oined whole-
Page 350
|n t|espt|ng. T|ey stole||swatetoelons |nsao-
oet. T|ey let t|e|t|ant|ng|oandsl oose to ta|d
||sc||c|en |oase. T|ey tote down ||s iences to
let|nsttaycattle.
Tac|tatn bynatate and anaccastooed to oac|
aoancontact, OldmanGt|pp|n wasnota tal|
mg oan, and, bes|des, |estatteted, bat|ett|ed.
He went atoand to ||s ne|g|bots and tt|ed to
expla|n to t|e boys and t|e|t patents t|at t|ey
oast leave ||s ptopetty alone becaase t|ey wete
ta|n|ng ||o. Bat w|en speec| ia|led ||o, |e
oiten lapsed |nto ptoian|ty. T|at |att|et al|en
ated t|e wooen iol|s and enlatged t|e ialse
legend aboat ||s ev|l ways. H|s staooet|ng ei
iotts to lectate t|e boys becaoe iavot|te top|cs
iottaacoascoooentbylocalw|tsandspatted
iatt|et deptedat|ons aga|nst ||s pt|vate ptopetty.
Lnable to solve ||s ptobleo by |av|ng d|a
logaes, OldmanGt|pp|n||d|n||soelonpatc|
onen|g|t,ands|otateenageboy |nt|epostet|ot
w|t| a load oi b|tds|ot. T|e b|tds|ot d|dn't do
oac| oote t|an spt|n|le t|e boy's bac|s|de, bat
|t scated ||o so badly t|at |e bto|e ||s nec|
tty|ng to j aop a ienceand d|ed t|tee days
latet.
T|e boy was t|e son oi a ptoo|nent iao|ly
t|eteaboats, and t|e coooan|ty was oattaged.
T|eytal|edaboat|owd|sgtaceial|twasto|ave
sac|apetsonasOld manGt|pp|n|nt|e|t o|dst.
T|eyd|dnotsay ( asmayotLatlCabelloiDallas
oote tecently sa| d, t|att||s cancet on t|ebody
pol|t|c|adtobeteooved,batt|eyd|dtal|aboat
a tat and ieat|et patty to dt|ve mt. Gt|pp|noat
oi t|e Coanty. :ooeoit|ebooncoopan|ons oi
t|e deceased even t|oag|t aboat tow|ng t|e old
oanoat to t|e o|ddle oi t|e m|ss|ss|pp| R|vet
and daop|ng ||o, w|t| |nsttact|ons t|at, |i |e
coald sw|o, |e |ad bettet sw|o to t|e m|ssout|
s|de andnevet cooe bac|.
None oi t|ese plans was evet execated, |ow
evet, becaase no one wanted to be t|e utst to
wal| |ntot|eoazzleoiOldmanGt|pp|n'sgan.
T|eaa|tleitanot|etscatont|eoldoansdeep
lyscattedsoal ,anc|tcosta|aoanl|te,batt|e:e
wetenoooteta|dsont|eGt|pp|n iato.
mt. Gt|pp|n d|d not l||e w|at |e |ad done.
He d|d not tejo|ce |n ||s own oet|ods. Bat,
dt|ven todespetat|on,|e|ad tesottedto t|eonly
oeans oi exptess|on leit to ||o.
P|c|et|ng and deoonsttat|ng atepoot oeans
o| exptess|on. I, iot one, |ave nevet apptoved
oi sac| act|v|t|es. Bat sac| act|v|t|es w|ll con
t|nae. T|eyw|llgtow |n iteqaency, and becooe
|ncteas|ngly anoanageable. And t|ete w|ll be
|ead baop|ngs t|at ate not acc|dental, ant|l
Aoet|cansw|obel|eve|nt|ettad|t|onsandpt|n
c|ples oi t|e|t soc|ety ate allowed sooe bettet
oeans oi exptess|on. Newspapets and btoadcast
|ng stat|ons w||c| beooan angty pabl|c deoon
sttat|ons aga|nst t|e LN and people l||e :teven
son coald el|o|nate t|eo, | i t|ey woald d|s
c|atge t|e|t own tespons|b|l|ty to tepott news
events ia|tly and |opatt|ally, g|v|ng bot| s|des
eqaal oppottan|ty to patt|c|pate |n w|at :teven
son callst|e con1|ct |n t|e o|nds oi oen.
The Hope of the Worl d
vety Deceobet, I devote one |ssue oi t||s
Report toa teatoat|onoioy ia|t|| nt|ept|n
c|ples oi oat soc|etya testateoent oi oy con
v|ct|on t|at oat otgan|c docaoents oi govetn
oent ( t|eDeclatat|onoi Independence, t|e Con
st|tat|on, and t|e B|ll oi R|g|ts, wete t|e oat
gtowt| oi C|t|st|an |deals. I call t||s C|t|stoas
|ssae T|e Hopeoit|eWotld.
Lvety yeat, sabsct|bets say t|ey woald |ave
oa|led T|e Hope oi t|e Wotld to it|ends |n
l|ea oi C|t|stoas gteet|ng catds, |i |t |ad been
pabl|s|ed eatly enoag|. T||s yeat, we ant|c|pate
t|at deoand. T|e Hope oi t|e Wotld |ssae
w|ll be oa|led to sabsct|bets andet t|e date oi
Deceobet 1 6, 1963 ; bat |t |as alteady been
pt|nted, and |s now ava|lable.
Ii yoa ate alteady iao|l|at w|t| T|e Hope
oi t|e Wotld and woald l||e to otdet extta
cop|es iot d|stt|bat|on dat|ng t|e C|t|stoas sea
son, you can do so now, at our regular :ept|nt
pt|ces ( w||c| ate qaoted |n t|e bloc| at t|e
Pae 349
heartedly. But," he added wistfully "I am afraid
I have now joined the losing side."
His explanation for this pessimistic viewpoint
about the "losing side" ( the West) was simple.
The new generation of political men, particularly
in the United States and Britain, does not want
to believe the U.S.S.R. is planning for the con
quest of the world.
Premier Khrushchev has confused and fright
ened the political men by his tactics of hot and
cold showers, frowns and smiles, rattling of mis
siles and "deep concern for humanity." He is now
certain, if his life span lasts for another 1 0 years,
that he can hand over to his successor the socialist
world promised by Lenin.
The signing of the Moscow pact and the sub
sequent steps are only a beginning. Mr. Khrush
chev's aims go further, to the Western Hemis
phere.
The Czech defector, who my German friends
told me is trustworthy, emphasized the plan for
a gigantic U .S.R.L.A. When asked what this
means, he explained, "the United Socialist Re
publics of Latin America."
During the 37 -day visit of Fidel Castro to the
Soviet Union, the blueprint of such an organiza
tion of states was discussed in all details by Mr.
Khrushchev, the Cuban dictator and a number
of top Soviet ofcials.
Mr. Khrushchev was confdent that there will
be no more than token opposition from the
United States. Cuba will be, of course, the key
point where all the propaganda and subversive
moves will start.
The anxiety of the Western Powers, and par
ticularly of the United States and Britain, for
accommodation is to be exploited intensively all
over Latin America, together with the power
element of the U.S.S.R. The frst component
group of the USRLA would be composed of
Cuba, Venezuela, Mexico, Chile, and Brazil, as
well as the former British Guiana and possibly
Hispaniola after the Duvalier regime in Haiti
has been liquidated. The target date is 1 968.
According to my informant, Mr. Khrushchev
has instructed Mr. Castro to take his time and
lay the groundwork without haste. It is essential,
he is reported to have said, that the chances of
reelection of the present Washington administra
tion, sympathetic to socialism and dedicated to
a relaxation of tensions, should not be endan
gered. It is also important that the British Labor
Party, headed by Harold Wilson - and described
by Mr. Khrushchev as a man of great intelligence
and insight toward world trends - should re
place the wobbly, uncertain, and tired Con
servatives.
Hence, there must be no hasty or rash moves
by Fidel and his associates throughout Latin
America. Quite the contrary, Mr. Castro must
accept with good grace any indications for rec
onciliation with the United States - even at the
price of some concessions regarding the con
fscation of American properties.
The Czech defector added that there are al
ready in course such negotiations which may lead
to a resumption of diplomatic relations with
Washington. But he expects nothing concrete
before next year. The pot will be kept simmering
until the American elections. After November
1 964, however, the work of creating a USRLA
will be started in earnest.
Asked about Europe's reaction to the gigantic
Soviet plans, the answer was that Europe has
relied too much on the United States to be able
to successfully resist the trend
(5)
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Cora Beckworth Fredrickson is the lady who accidentally
bumped Adlai Stevenson with a placard. She is a cousin of
United States Representative Lindley Beckworth ( liberal Texas
Democrat ) . Until recently, Mrs. Fredrickson regarded herself
as a liberal. In 1952, she was a supporter of Adlai Stevenson and
met him during his political campaign that year. Education has
changed her views. She now regards Stevenson as a symbol of
the totalitarian liberalism which is destroying her nation. Before
Stevenson's UN speech in Dallas, she had never participated in
any picketing, or similar, activity. That night, she impulsively
picked up an anti-Stevenson placard, because she felt outraged
by Stevenson's speech.
( 2 ) "Cabell Appeals for Sanity," by Earl Cabell, The Dallas Morn
ing News, October 27, 1 963, Section 1, p. 2 1
( 3 ) UPI dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Morning News, May
30, 1961 ; UPI dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Morn
ing News, June 1 5, 1961, Section 1, p. 1
( 4) "Stevenson Foresees Loss Of United States Sovereignty," by
Saul Pett of the Associated Press, The El Paso Times, February
24, 1963, p. 1-B
( 5 ) The Evening Star, Washington, D. C., August 31 , 1963, re
printed in the Congressional Re.ord ( daily) , September 24, 163,
p. A601 0
Page 351

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I(I Smoot Repolt
Vol. 9, No. 45 ( Broadcast 430) November 1 1 , 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
Does The U.. Oppose Communist World Conquest?
ast wee|, we tept|nte1 itoo t|e Congressional Record an att|cle by Constant|ne Btown,
aboat:ov|etplans |nlat|nAoet|ca.( 1) mt. Btown got ||s |niotoat|on |n West Getoany itoo a
oanw|o was tecently a||g| oii|c|al |n t|e coooan|st govetnoent oi Czec|oslova||a. T|oag|
|e1eiecte1 itoocoooan|sobecaase|e coal1 no longet en1atet|el|es an1 |ntt|gaes an1 tteac|
et|esoicoooan|sts, t|eCzec|ieelst|at|ej o|ne1t|elos|ngs|1ew|en|eile1tot|eWest. Coo-
oan|sow|ll w|n, |e sa|1, becaase Westetn lea1ets ( patt|calatly|nt|eLn|te1:tates , do not want
to believe t|att|e:ov|etsateplann|ngtoconqaett|e wotl1. K|tas|c|ev |nows t|at t|e Ln|te1
:tates w|ll oiietonly to|enoppos|t|on to t|e :ov|etplanoiconqaest|nlat|nAoet|ca, patt|calat
ly |i Kenne1y teoa|ns |n powet. In1ee1, K|tas|c|ev expects |elp itoo t|e Kenne1y a1o|n|s
ttat|on ( tesaopt|on oi 1|plooat|c telat|ons w|t|Caba,w||c|woal11ecteaseoppos|t|onto coo
oan|so |n all lat|nAoet|cannat|ons, . Hence, t|oag| :ov|et plans iot lat|n Aoet|can conqaest
|avealtea1ybeen oa1e, an1 1|scasse1 w|t| Castto, K|tas|c|ev|asot1ete1Castto to 1onot||ng
tas| ant|l aitet t|e Aoet|can elect|ons oi l)64. ' Ii Kenne1y |s te-electe1, K|tas|c|ev expectsto
cooplete t|e coooan|st conqaest oi lat|n Aoet|caby )6s
T|eseassett|onsan1pte1|ct|onsw|llsatpt|senoone w|o |as sta1|e1 t|e tecot1. It | seasy, by
telat|ngt|eiactsoitecent ||stoty,tos|owt|att|eAoet|cangovetnoent, an1etbot||sen|owet
an1 Kenne1y ( bat oost oattageoasly an1et Kenne1y, , |as cons|stently a|1e1 t|e caase oi coo
oan|so, an1 oppose1 ant|coooan|sts. Bat w|y : T|at |s1| ii|caltto answettot|esat|siact|onof
t|e Aoet|can pabl|c. I i|tst encoantete1 t||s baiil|ngqaest|on |n l )4 w|en, as an IBI Agent, I
was g|ven t|e j ob oi |nvest|gat|ng coooan|st act|v|t|es |n nott|etn O||o. Beiote t|en, I |new
not||ng aboat coooan|so. W|at I ioan1 oat wasas|attet|ngexpet|enceiotoe.
tneoioyIBIcases|nvolve1awell|nowncoooan|st,iotoetlyoiClevelan1, O||o,w|owas
t|en|ol1|ngana1o|n|sttat|vejob|nasens|t|vewat agency |nWas||ngton. :|x wee|s aitet I |a1
address P. O. Box 9538, lakewood Station, Dallas, Texas 75214; Telephone TAylor 1 -2303 ( ofice address
copy for 25 ; 6 for $1.0; 50 for $5.50; 1 00 for $10. 00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 353
wt|tten an ex|aas|ve tepott deta|l|ng t|e oan's
ptovable coooan|st act|v|t|es ovet a pet|od oi
yeats, t|e coooan|st tece|ved an |opottant pto
oot|oo |ngovetnoent setv|ce. T|ete wete ot|et,
s|o|lat cases. I developed a|tt|g|t petjaty cases
aga|nst |opottant coooan|st an|on oii|c|als |n
Cleveland.Aiewoont|saitetoyIBItepottson
t|eo wete sent to t|e Depattoentoi)ast|ce, t|e
IBI tece|ved tetse not|ces itoo t|e Depattoent
say|ngt|atptosecat|onoit|e|nd|v|daalswasnot
deeoedto be|n t|enat|onal|ntetestat t|at t|oe.
T|ey nevetwete ptosecated.
On t|e ot|et |and, I not|ced t|at petsons
w|o spo|e oat sttongly and pla|nlyagainst coo
oan|so wetebladgeoned w|t|pabl|cslandet |n
tended to d|scted|t and desttoy t|eo. :landet
aga|nstant|-coooan|stseoanateditoot|eW||te
Hoase,itooomcesoiCab|netoeobets,itoot|e
|allsoiCongtessandwastepeatedandaopl|
ued itoo palp|ts, spea|ets' platiotos, ed|tot|al
pages,andtad|oo|ctop|onesallovett|ecoantty.
motet|ant|at,Inot|ced|n1 943 t|att|esaoe
|ntellectaal and pol|t|cal leadets w|o seeoed to
iavotcoooan|soand|adanobv|oas,|oplacable
|atted oi ant|coooan|sts, wete also conteopta
oasoit|eAoet|canconst|tat|onalsysteo. Iotpo
l|t|cal ot sttateg|c teasons, t|ey pabl|cly pta|sed
oat glot|oas |et|tage, bat t|e|t |ost|l|ty towatd
Aoet|caosw|oteallybel|eved|noatconst|tat|on
alsysteowas iatgteatett|ananybost|l|tyw||c|
t|ey evet d|splayed towatd coooan|so.
I was bew|ldeted by all t||s ant|l I teal|zed
why.
RooseveltNewDealets|n1943 l||eTtaoan
Ia|t Dealets, |sen|owet modetn Repabl|cans,
and Keonedy New Itont|etsoen latetwete
sens|t|veaboatanyiandaoentalct|t|c|so oicoo
oan|so, becaase t|e l|betal|so w||c| |as doo|
natedt|e|ntellectaalaodpol|t|call|ieoiAoet|ca
s|nce 1 933 |as t|e saoe goal as t|e annoanced
goal oicoooan|so t|e establ|s|oent oi soc|al
|so. W|eteast|e Ioand|ngIat|ets w|o cteated
our constitutional system in 1 787 distrusted gov
etnoent and ieated pol|t|cal powet, oodetn l|b
etals, wbo |ave |eld govetnoental powet smce
1933, wots||p govetnoent and want |t to |ave
anl|o|ted powet to do anyt||ng w||c| govetn
oent oc|alscla|oto be good.
Our Constituti onal System
J|e Ioaod|ng Iat|ets wete conitooted w|t|
a gteat d|leooa. T|ey |new t|at ao |nexotable
law oi|aoaonatate caases oen to abase pol|t|
cal powet.T|ey|oewt|at all govetnoeots w|ll,
| i peto|tted, waste t|e sabstance oi t|e people
and alt|oately enslave t|e people, always andet
t|e ptetense oi |elp|ng t|e people Yeats latet,
T|ooas)eetsonsaooedapt|e|tatt|tadew|eo,
lnessence,besa|d. Ioqaest|oosoipo||t|calpowet,
donottal|aboatconudence |noen, donotttast
aoyonew|t|pol|t|cal powet , b|nd a|l govetnoeot
oc|als dowo itoo o|sc||ei w|t| t|e c|a|ns oi
aConst|tat|onsot|att|eycannot|atot|epeople.
Yet, |twas |optact|cal to wt|te a Const|tat|oo
l|st|ng |o deta|l all powets w||c| govetnoeot
s|oald|ave|otal| t|oesandalloccas|ons.Atany
g|ven oooent |n ||stoty, |t oay be annecessaty,
anddangetoas, iot a govetnoeotal agencyto eo
gage |n act|v|ty w||c| oay becooe, at a latet
t|oe, a ptopet aod needed ianct|on oi govetn
oent. In a cooplex and gtow|ng soc|ety, sooe
govetnoenta| powet oast be 1ex|ble, btoad, and
genetal .
Ii sac| 1ex|blepowet wete leit w|t| stategov
etnoents, |t coald be, and woald be, abased by
stateoc|als,bat|it|estatesweteboandtoget|et
|n a an|on, so t|at tbe|t c|t|zens all |ad coooon
c|t|zens||p |o a nat|onal systeo, t|ete woald be
sooe testta|o|ng and cottect|ve iotce Ii a state
govetnoent abased |tspowet, |twoald losegood
and ptodact|ve c|t|zeos and pt|vate otgan|zat|ons
tootbetstates xpet|enceandcoopet|t|onaoong
t|estateswoaldeventaally iotce cottect|onoit|e
wotstev|lsow|ng itooabaseoipowet by state
oc|als, and woald enable t|e people to und,
by trial and error, sooeteasooableanswet to tbe
qaest|onoi|owoac|govetnoental |ntetvent|on
|nt|e pt|vateaa|ts oic|t|zens |snecessaty.
Page 354
:
.
Ii t|e iedetal govetnoent wete g|ven ex|ble
powetstoaseatt|ed|sctet|onoiiedetaloc|als,
t|e iedetal govetnoentwoald |nev|tably becooe
a d|ctatots||p a pol|t|cal and econoo|c colossas
asatp|ng powets and tevenae oi t|e states andet
t|e ptetext oig|v|ng t|eo a|d, tobb|ng and en
slav|ng t|e people, andet t|e ptetext oi ta||ng
cate oi t|eo. T|ete woald be no coopet|t|ve
iotce (asaoongt|estates , to testta|n ot cottect
t|etytannyandioll|esoit|eiedetalgovetnoent,
becaase t|ey woald be |oposed on t|e w|ole
nat|on, an|iotoly, and t|ete woald be no way
iot c|t|zens to escape.
tat Ioand|ng Iat|ets solved t|e cooplex
ptobleobywt|t|ngab|nd|ngconttactoigovetn
oentt|e Const|tat|onl|st|ng |n deta|l, all
t|e powets oi t|e iedetal govetnoent, l|o|t|ng
|ttot|eexetc|seoit|osespec|uedpowets,leav|ng
all ex|ble, genetal powets oigovetnoent to t|e
states.
T||s was t|e pol|t|cal systeo w||c| leit t|e
Aoet|can people so itee oi |atassoent by t|e|t
owngovetnoent and, t|as, teleased sooac| |a-
oanenetgyand|ngena|ty,t|atAoet|cansqa|c|ly
convetted t|e|t pott|on oi t|e bac|watd, andet
developed Nott| Aoet|can Cont|nent |nto t|e
oostpowetial and ptospetoas nat|on |n ||stoty.
Yet, by 1943, t|e l|betal leadets oi Aoet|ca
|ad tej ected t|e systeo and wete btand|ng |ts
advocatesctac|potsandttoableoa|ets. By 1961 ,
t|e Attotney Genetal oi t|e Ln|ted :tates was
cons|det|ng a tecoooendat|on, oade by one oi
t|e nat|ons ioteoostsoc|al|sts, t|at advocates oi
t|eoldconst|tat|onalsysteobeiotoally btande1
tad|calt|g|tw|ngextteo|sts andplace1ont|e
Attotney Genetal s l|st oisabvets|ves.
The Total i tari ans
Aoet|cas total|tat|an l|betals donot, iot t|e
oost patt, ado|t to be|ng soc|al|sts, becaase t|e
genetal Aoet|can pabl|c t||n|s |t |s oooosed to
soc|al|so. Iot yeats, soc|al|sts patt|c|pated m
Aoet|canelect|onsopenlybatnevettece|vedoote
t|an to|en sappott at t|e polls. ventaally con
v|ncedt|atAoet|canswoald notwittingly accept
soc|al|so, t|e soc|al|sts c|anged tact|cs. T|ey |n
ulttatedt|eoaj ot pol|t|cal patt|esand ptesented
t|e|t old |deas andet decept|ve, new labels. In
steadoideoand|ngacenttal|zedgovetnoentw|t|
absolate powet to conuscate and ted|stt|bate t|e
wealt| oit|e people, t|ey claooted iot govetn
oent w|t| a |eatt, govetnoent w|t| powet to
act |nt|e|ntetests oit|e w|ole people, |ndas
tt|al deooctacy, soc|al teioto, a weliate
state.
T|eyabandonedt|eoatx|stslogan, itooeac|
accotd|ng to ||s oeans, to eac| accotd|ng to ||s
needs, and advocated a oote steeply gtadaated
|ncooetax, tota|eitoot|osew|o canaotd to
pay iot beneuts to t|ose |n need.
J|ec|ange|nslogansandlangaageoadeno
c|ange |n alt|oate goal . t|e a|o oi soc|al|sts
and oi oatoodetn l|betals ( w|et|etNew Deal
ets, Ia|t Dealets, modetn Repabl|cans, ot New
Itont|etsoen, |s an allpowetial iedetalgovetn
oentw||c|canconuscatet|eeatn|ngsandsav|ngs
oi t|e people, conttol t|e|t bas|ness opetat|ons
w|t|taxes and tegalat|ons ant|l t|e iecetal gov
etnoent becooes t|e doo|nant pattnet w|o
ta|esootet|an|alit|eptoutoit|eoostptodac
t|ve bas|ness otgan|zat|ons, ta|e so oac| ooney
itoot|e taxpayetsoieac|statet|atstategovetn
oents, leit w|t|oata1eqaate tevenae, tatn to t|e
allpowetial iedetal govetnoent iot gtants |n
a|d w||c| ate always accoopan|ed by d|ctat|on
itoot|eiedetalbateaactacy.
:oc|al|sts bel|eve t|at a centtal govetnoent
oast |ave absolate powet to conuscate itoo t|e
people w|atevet oc|aldoo cla|os |t needs, to
attange and ptov|de iot t|e people w|atevet
oc|aldoo cla|os to be |n t|e |ntetest oi t|e
genetal weliate. Oat oodetn l|betals, t|oag|
deny|ng t|ey ate soc|al|sts, bel|eve |n t|e saoe
t||ng.
mo1etn l|betals an1 soc|al|sts deny t|at t|ete
|sanys|o|lat|tybetweent|e|tptogtaoan1coo
Page 355
oan|so, bat t|e obj ect|ve oicoooan|so ( |n t|e
Ln|onoi:ov|etSocialist Repab||cs, |ncoooan|st
C||na, |nYagoslav|a and |n all ot|et coooan|st
nat|ons , |s |dent|ca| w|t| t|at oioodetn Aoet|-
can| |betalsandoisoc|al|sts.T|eobj ect|ve|stotal
e||o|nat|onoi t|e systeo oiptoutoot|vated pt|
vatecap|tal|so,|niavotoiasysteow|ete|nevety
|nd|v|daal w|ll wot| not iot ptout bat iot
ase, w||c|oeanst|att|ew|o|e oisoc|etyw|||
opetate l||et|eco|lect|ve iatos oi coooan|so.
all people|abot andet t|e conttol oi soc|ety, t|e
ptodact|on oi al| goes |nto a coooon p|le, t|e
omc|alsteptesent|ng soc|ety d|stt|batepart oit|e
tota| ptodact|on to t|e people w|o ptodaced |t,
not on t|e bas|s oi |ow oac| eac| contt|bated
to t|e tota| ptodact|on, not on t|e bas|s oi |ow
oac| eac| t||n|s |e needs, bat on t|e bas|s oi
ofcial deteto|nat|on oi w|at eac| s|oald |ave.
Patt oit|etotal ptodact|on oisoc|ety |s not d|s
tt|bated tot|osew|optodaced |t, bat|sasedby
omc|aldooiotot|etpatposesw||c|omc|alsdeeo
beneuc|al iot t|e genetal weliate.
Iasc|so(w||c|1oat|s|ed|nGetoanyandIta|y
beioteWotldWatII , wasoetelyanot|etnaoe
iot soc|al|so. Its alt|oategoalwas |dent|calw|t|
t|at oi coooan|sts, soc|al|sts, and Aoet|can l|b
eta| s. a total|tat|an state w||c| d|tects and con
ttols t|e peop|e iot patposes w||c| omc|aldoo
cla|osto be good iot t|e people.
J|oag| soc|al|so, coooan|so, and iasc|so
|ave a|ways |ad t|e saoe obj ect|ve, t|ete |as
beenb|tteteno|tybetweenpeop|ew|o |dent|ued
t|eoselvesase|t|etsoc|a||sts, coooan|sts, ot ias
c|sts. Pattoi t|e eno|ty tesalted itoo t|valty iot
poweta t|va|ty as eleoental and as easy to
andetstandas t|e t|valtyaoongt|teedogs ug|t
|ng iot t|e saoe bone. Yet, patt oi t|e eno|ty
between t|e t|tee oajot btanc|es oi soc|al|so
atoseitood|etences |noet|odsasedto accoo
pl|s|t|ecoooonobj ect|ve.
H|stot|cally, soc|al|sts bel|eved t|at a oajot|ty
oi people coald be petsaaded t|at soc|al|so |s
goodandcoald, t|eteiote, be led tovote iot es
tabl i shment of soc|a||so by |eg|slat|ve ptocess.
:oc|al|stswetenot |onest |n t|e|t cla|o oiwant
|ngt|asto |nst|tatesoc|al|so |nt|eLn|ted:tates
by legal oeaos Ii t|ey |ad been |onest, t|ey
woald |ave statted by advocat|ng aoendoent oi
t|eConst|tat|on, t|toag| dae const|tat|onal ptoc
ess,tog|vet|ecentta|govetnoentabsolatepowet
to do anyt||ng t|e Ptes|dent and a oajot|ty o|
bot| Hoases oi Congtess want to do. As oat
Const|tat|on stands, t|e iedeta|govetnoent does
not |ave enoeg| powet to |nst|tate soc|a||st pto
gtaosIe gall YJ even |it|eent|tepopa|at|ons|oald
wantsoc|al|so.Const|tat|onalpto||b|t|onsaga|nst
an a||powetia| soc|al|st govetnoent ate asaally
|gnoted, |owevet , and soc|al|sts ate, geneta||y,
tegatdedaswant|ngto|nst|tatesoc|al|soby legal
oeans.
H|stot|ca|lycoooan|stsbe| |evedt|atsoc|a||so
oast be |nst|tated by illegal oeans. Kat| matx
bel|eved (and a|| sabseqaentcoooan|sts ptetend
to be||eve, t|at t|e people can nevet be led to
|nst|tate soc|a||so by legal, leg|slat|ve ptocess.
matx t|oag|t t|e people ate contto||ed by t|e
ptopaganda,t|ewealt|,andt|eenttenc|edsoc|al
andpol|t|ca|powetoicap|tal|sts. T|eteiote,coo
oan|sts ttad|t|onal|y advocate se|zate oi powet,
t|toag| v|olent oeans, by a soa|l e||te oi coo
oan|sts w|o w|ll t|en govetn as a d|ctatots||p
oit|epto|etat|atant||t|elastteonantoicap|tal
|so, and all cap|ta||sts, ate el|o|nated and ant|l
t|epeople|avebeen tta|nedto l|veandwot||n
apatesoc|al|stsoc|ety.T|ent|ed|ctatots|.p w|l|
bed|ssolvedandpeoplew|ll||veandwot|andet
t|ebenevo|entcontto|soi soc|ety.
T|e oatx|an ieat oi cap|tal|st|c tes|stance to
t|e estab||s|oent oi soc|a||so oade coooan|so
an |ntetnat|onal ooveoent. matx bel|eved t|at
even |i a coooan|st el|te coald se|ze powet | n
one nat|on and |nst|tate a soc|al|st d|ctatots||p,
cap|tal|stsoiot|etnat|onswoaldcoob|netooa|e
wat on t|e soc|al|st state and desttoy |t. matx
was conv|nced, t|eteiote, t|at soc|al|so woald
notbesaie (andt|att|ed|ctatots||p oit|epto
letat|at coald not be d|ssolved |n any soc|al|st
nat|on, ant|lallnat|onsoit|ewotldweteandet
a soc|a||st d|ctatots||p. T||s |s w|y coooan|sts
ate ded|cated to a ptogtao oiworld conqaest.
Page 356
Iasc|sts also bel|eved t|at t|e people coald
nevetbeopenlypetsaaded to apptove |nst|tat|on
oi t|e total|tat|an soc|al|st state, bat t|e iasc|st
oet|odoiconqaestwasless d|tectt|ant|ecoo
oan|stoet|od w||c| matx ptesct|bed. H|tlet |n
Getoanyandmassol|n||nItalycteatedw|atcan
bestb
desct| -ed ascotpotatestates. Ownets||p

oi oajot bas mess, unanc|al, coooetc|al, and |n
dastt|al otgan|zat|ons was leit |n pt|vate |ands ,
bat govetnoent |oposed sac| conttols ovet t|e
otgan|zat|ons t|at t|ey becaoe btanc|es oi gov
etnoent. T|e net tesalt was t|e saoe as |ncoo
oan|st nat|ons . total govetnoental conttol oiall
oajotoeansoiptodact|on.
T|e iasc|st tec|n|qae iot ga|n|ng conttol was
oote astate t|an t|e coooan|st tec|n|qae. T|e
iasc|sts acqa|ted powet w|t| t|e eaget ass|stance
oi wealt|y cap|tal|sts w|o becaoe |elpless tools
oit|epowett|ey|adunanced.
W|eteasKatlmatxbel|eved t|atwealt|ycap
|tal|sts woald ug|t to t|edeat| to ptesetve t|e|t
own way oi l|ie, t|e iasc|sts |new bettet. T|ey
leatned eatly w|at len|n d|scoveted, and w|at
oost coooan|sts |n latet yeats |ave ioand oat,
t|atwealt|y bas|nessoengenetally lac|t|esense
otcoatagetoug|tiott|e|town.B|gbas|nessoen
oiAoet|cacooptoo|sedw|t|t|eNewDeal, and
eventaally sappotted |t, becaase t|ey t|oag|t |t
oote ptoutable to go along w|t| govetnoental
ptogtaos t|an to oppose t|eo :|o|latly, b|g
bas|nessoenoiGetoanyandItalysappottedH|t
let and massol|n|. T|ey oade |ooed|ate ptoits
by do|ng so, bat, |n t|e end,t|eyunanced t|e|t
owndesttact|on.
T|e iasc|st conteopt iot cap|tal|sts tesalted
|n anot|et bas|c d|etence between t|e ovetall
ptogtaooit|e iasc|stbtandoisoc|al|soandt|e
coooan|st btand. T|eiasc|sts ( |now|ngt|at t|e
gteat cap|tal|sts oi one nat|on woald not l|it a
unget to |elp iellowcap|tal|sts |n ot|et nat|ons ,
bel|eved t|at t|e|t soc|al|st nat|ons coald ex|st
saiely |n a wotld w|ete ot|et nations teta|ned
cap|tal|st|c systeos. Hence, iasc|sts d|d not ieel
t|eabsolatecoopals|on,t|atcoooan|stsielt, iot
wotl1 conqaest Iasc|sts wete 1evoed to w|at
H|tlet called national socialism ( Naz| be|ng a
NewDealtypeabbtev|at|onoean|ng nat|onal so
c|al|so, T|e coooan|sts ate devoted to |ntet
nat|onalsoc|+l|so.
The Li beral Techni que
Jota||tat|anl|betals| nt|eLn|ted:tates, |av
|ng t|e saoe alt|oate goal as iasc|sts, soc|alists,
andcoooan|sts,|aveasedoet|odsadapted itoo
allt|teegtoaps.
Iot t|eoostpatt, Aoet|can l|betals|ave pte
sentedt|e|t soc|al|st ptogtaos andet ialse labels
palatable to t|e people. In sooe |nstances, |ow
evet, l |betals |ave ased t|e old d|tect soc|al|st
apptoac|. bta|nwas||ng a oajot|ty oi t|e Con
gtessand a sabstant|al pott|onoit|e pabl|c |nto
accept|ng ( |n deuance oi const|tat|onal l|o|ta
t|ons , an expet|oent |n pate soc|al|so. govetn
oent ownets||p and opetat|on oi electt|c powet
iac|l|t|es,iotexaople.
Aoet|canl|betalss|atew|t|iasc|stsaconteopt
iotcap|tal|so, bat t|e|t oan|palat|on oi cap|tal
|sts|as notbeenas cyn|callyobv|oas, ot as coo
plete, as t|at oi t|e iasc|sts. Lndet Roosevelt,
Ttaoan, |sen|owet, and Kennedy, a systeo
closely s|o|lat to t|e cotpotate states oi iasc|st
Italy and naz| Getoany |as been etected Today
t|ete ate |andteds oi |age iedetal cotpotat|ons
opetat|ng |n coopet|t|on w|t|, and conttoll|ng,
pt|vatecotpotat|ons. Bat, |nt|eLn|ted :tates,t|e
b|g pt|vatecotpotat|ons|avenotyetlost all con
ttol ovet t|e|town opetat|ons, as t|ey eventaally
d|d|nGetoanyandItaly.Dat|ngmassol|n| sand
H|tlet's t|se to powet, b|g cotpotat|ons |n Italy
and Getoany enjoyed a |oneyooon pet|od oi
coopetat|ng w|t| govetnoent, |n otdet to get
ptoutablebas|nessitoogovetnoent,andtoavo|d
ttoable. Int|eLn|ted:tates, b|gcotpotat|onsate
st|ll |n t|at |oneyooon pet|od. T|ey sappottex
ttavagant spend|ng ptogtaos oi t|e iedetal gov
etnoent, becaase t|e spend|ngptov|des !as| con
ttacts. manyb|gcotpotat|ons,w||c|donotptout
d|tectly itoo govetnoent conttacts, ptout |nd|
tectly itoo t|e econoo|c st|oalat|on oigovetn
oent lend|ng and spend|ng and g|veaways |n
Page 357
t|e|tcoooan|t|es. Inanyevent, coopetat|ngw|t|
b|g govetnoent ptov|des sooe |nsatance aga|nst
|atassoent by t|e Intetnal Revenae :etv|ce, and
ot|et iedetal agenc|es Go|ng alongto get along
|as becooe a settled att|tade oi oany Aoet|can
bas|nessoenw|o ne|t|et ptout itoonot apptove
t|e govetnoental ptogtaos w||c| t|ey toletate.
Itwast|esaoe|niasc|stItalyandnaz| Getoany.
In sooe |nstances, Aoet|can pol|t|cal l|betals
aset|e coooan|sttec|n|qaeoi do|ng w|att|ey
please, |n deuance not only oi t|e Const|tat|on,
bat oi Congtess, and w|t|oat wa|t|ng to bta|n
was| t|e pabl|c|op|ngto oa|e |tall legal
andacceptablelateton.Kennedy|asdoneagteat
deal oi t||s|nst|tat|ng, by xecat|ve Otdet,
ptogtaos w||c| Congtess |as not aat|ot|zed, u
nanc|ng ||s |llegal ptogtaos w|t| ooney appto
pt|ated iotot|etpatposes, ant|l Congtess can be
oan|palated |nto aat|ot|z|ng w|at |as alteady
beendone.
Methods Are Now The Same
Iat|ng t|e utst yeat oi Itan|l|n D. Roose
velt s ado|n|sttat|on, total|tat|an l|betals, w|o
want soc|al|so bat d|s|onestly call |t by ot|et
naoes, acqa|ted oajot pol|t|cal powet |n t|e
Ln|ted:tates As lateas )4-, |owevet, soc|al|sts
|ada pol|t|cal patty, andwete st|ll tann|ngt|e|t
own cand|dates |n nat|onal elect|ons
T|ey wete
not yet totally sat|shed w|t| l|betal ptogtess to
watd t|e soc|al|st state In t|e ptes|dent|al elec
t|onyeat oi l )., Notoan T|ooas, |ead oi t|e
soc|al|st patty and petenn|al soc|al|st cand|date
iot Ptes|dent, was as|ed by t|e ptess |n Dallas
w|y |e was not a cand|date t|at yeat. T|ooas
sa|d t|etewasnolongetanyneed iot ||oto tan,
becaase |eexpla|nedw||os|cally, t|eoajotpat
t|es|adstolen||splatioto.
xcept iot a iew soall gtoaps oi d|sgtantled
dogoat|cs,soc|al|sts|nt|eLn|ted:tatesnolonget
ttytoopetateasa sepatate pol|t|calpatty |n coo
pet|t|on w|t| Repabl|cans and Deooctats. As |n
dicated before, they have infltrated the old oat
t|es , bat t|e|t pt|oaty |n1aence | snow exetted,
on bot| oajot patt|es and on pabl|c opm.on,
t|toag|t|egteatweboiotgan|zat|ons |nown as
t|e |nv|s|ble govetnoentt|e Coanc|l on Iot
e|gn Relat|ons and telated gtoaps, sac| as t|e
Aoet|cansiotDeooctat|cAct|on, t|eLeagaefot
Indastt|al Deooctacy, t|e Nat|onal Assoc|at|on
iot t|e Advanceoent oi Coloted People, t|e
Aoet|can C|v|l L|bett|es Ln|on, and b|g labot
aoons.
J|e saccess oi Aoet|cas total|tat|an l|betals,
|nd|tect|ngt|esoc|al|sttevolat|on|nt|eLn|ted
:tates, |as not only pat Aoet|can soc|al.sts oat
oi bas|ness as a d|st|nct pol|t|cal gtoap, bat |as
also|adptoioand |n1aenceon coooan|sttact|cs
t|toag|oat t|e wotld. In l ), coooan|sts
iot t|e utst t|oe |n ||stotyga|ned conttol oi
govetnoental powet, not by iotce oi atos ot by
sabvets|on,batbypetsaad|ngaoajot|tyoivotets
to vote iot |nown coooan|st cand|dates. T||s
|appened |n Ketala, a state |nt|e soat|etn patt
oi Ind|a, |n Iebtaaty, l). latet |n l), t|e
coooan|sts+cqa|tedpol|t|calpowet|nt|teeot|et
nat|ons, t|toag| elections : |n )ava, |n O||nawa,
and |n Bt|t|s| Ga|ana. Coooent|ngont|ese po
l|t|calp|enooenaoi l), U. S. News & World
Report ( :epteobet 6, l ) j sa| d.
"The Reds, who for years avoided free elec
tions in favor of subversion and armed aggres
sion, are turning to American-style political cam
paigning . . . . The communists in Kerala ran
openly on a Communist Party ticket, but they
. . . . made no references to Marxism, Moscow,
and revolution of the working class. Instead,
they promised something for almost everyone.
Jobs were promised to workers in an area where
unemployment is large and growing . . . . Tax
relief and land of their own were promised to the
peasants . . . . More and better schooling . . .
was pledged by the Communists to disgruntled
students. "( 4)
1nt|eLn|ted:tates,coooan|sts|aveadopted,
in toto, t|etec|n|qaes oioattotal|tat|anl|betals.
Coooan|sts no longet openly advocate coooa
n|so|nt|eLn|ted :tates . t|ey advocate t|e pto
gtaos oi l|betal|so, and ase l|betal labels iot
t|eo|now|ng t|at cooolet|on oi l|betal oto
gtaos oeans cooplet|on oi t|e soc|al|st tevola-
Page 358
tiou. Tbe Uuitec States will tbeo be teacy tot
iutegtatiou iuto a wot|cwice auiou of soc|al|st
states wbicb is tbe a|timate goa| of commau|sm.
io tbe ptesiceot|al electiou yeat, l )6u, tbe com
mauist oatty of tbe Uu|tec States ( z) West z6tb
Stteet, New Yot| i u, New Yot|j cisttibatec
uatioua||y a foatoage statemeut of tbe patty s
politica| obj ectives fot tbat yeat. Tbe statemeut
acvocatec tbe same majot otogtams tbat wete
saopottec io tbe platfotms of Democtat aoc Re
pab|icao patties of l )6u. iocteasec fote|go aic
to aocetceve|opec uatious , stteugtbeuiug tbe
Uuitec Nat|ous as tbe |eystoue of Amet|cau fot
eigu pol|cy, iucteasec socia| secatity beuefts fot
tbe agec, fecetal|yeufotcec tacia| |utegtatiou iu
a|| ateas of Ameticau life, pab|ic aoc ptivate, a
uew auc bigget fatm sabsicy ptogtam, iocteasec
giveaway of Amet|cau agticaltatal goocs abtoac,
feceta| aic to ecouom|ca|ly cisttessec ateas |u tbe
Uuitec States ( callec Area Redevelopment by
Democtats auc Repablicaos j , eolargec fecetal
otogtams of slam cleatauce, atbau teuewal, auc
pablic boasiug, auc so oo.
Iot tce otesiceutia| e|ectiou yeat, l )64, tbe ot
uc|al commau|st otogtam bas alteacy beeu au
ooaucec. Ou Jaue z), l )6), a `soecial featate
ec|tioo of T he Worker ( ocia| uewsoapet of tbe
commaoist patty iu tbe Uuitec States j pteseotec
a pol|cy statemeut wt|tteu by Gas Hal|, beac of
tbe U. S. commaoist patty.
Ha|l otaisec botb tbe foteigu auc comestic
ool|cies of Ptes|ceut Keuuecy. He also bac a wotc
of otaise fot tbe IiseubowetKacbel wiog of tbe
Repabl|cao Patty, bat sa|c a|ttatigbt iuf|a
euces wete too sttoog io tbe Repablicao Patty
geoeta|ly. Oo tbe otbet bauc, be saic, most of
tbe btoac oeople' s movemeuts ate |o tbe otb|t of
tbe Democtat|c Patty Ha|l tbetefote atgec all
leftw|og fotces |u tbe Uuitec States to aoify auc
coetc|uate tee|t act|v|t|es towatc tbe goal of elect
|og Keouecy Democtats auc cefeatiug Reoabl|
caos |u l )64aoc fot exettiug coot|uaoas left
w|og otessates ou Keouecy auc Coogtess, to off
set coosetvat|ve otessates.
tom tbe beg|ou|og, Amet|cao totalitatiao
l |beta|s (wb|cb meaos New Dea|ets, Ia|t Dealets,
Moceto Reoabl|caos, auc New Itoot|etsmeoj
bave bac tbe same goal tbat commau|sts bave.
coovett|ug tbe Uoitec States |oto a soc|alist oat|ou.
Iu teceut yeats, tbey bave asec |ceutical tactics to
teacb tbat goa|.
Page 359
Ouce tb|s |s au1etstoo1, tbe why pteseute1 at
tbe oatset of tb|s Report |s uot so baff||ug aftet
a|| Wby |s tbe Keuue1y a1m|u|sttat|ou cous|s
teut|y to|etaut au1 be|ofa| towat1 commauists,
bat te|eut|ess |u |ts batte1 of aut| commau|sts ?
Tbe auswet sboa|1 be obv|oas
More
iu a sabseqaeut Report, we wi|| 1ocameut tbe
b|stoty of tbe soc|a||st tevo|at|ou |u tbe Uu|te1
States.
R R R R R R
Christmas Orders
Iast ooutb, we ma||e1 oat Cbt|stmas Ot1et
Iotms to a|| sabsct|bets We w|sb to tbau| a|| wbo
bave 1ec|1e1 to g|ve tb|s Report, au1 otbet Dau
Smoot oab||cat|ous, as Cbt|stmas g|ftsau1 bave
a|tea1y seut |u ot1ets
lf yoa bave |ost ot ase1 yoat Cbt|stmas Ot1et
Iotms au1 woa|1 |||e mote, o|ease |et as |uow as
soou as ooss|b|e. Oat spec|a| Cbt|stmas tates ate
effect|ve aut|| Decembet 26, 1 963. We w||| ma|e
evety poss|b|e effott to bau1|e yoat Cbt|stmas
g|ft ot1ets befote Cbt|stmas Day, tegat1|ess of
bow |ate |u tbe seasou we tece|ve tbem. Bat tbe
soouet yoa seu1 tbem, tbe mote cetta|u we cau be
tbat tbey w||| be bau1|e1 exact|y as yoa w|sb.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Soviet Plans in Latin America," by Constantine Brown, The
Elening Star, Washington, D. c., August 31 , 1963, reprinted
i n the Congressional Record ( daily) , September 24, 1963, p.
A6010
( 2) 'The Radical Right in America Today," by Victor G. and
Walter P. Reuther, The Chris/ian Beacon, August 1 5, 1963, pp.
4-5
( 3 ) For a di scussion of various lawless actions by the Kennedy ad
ministration, see this Rejort, "Lawless Government," October
28, 1963.
(4) "Communists Are Risking Free Elections-And Winning," U. S.
News & World Rejort, September 6, 1957, pp. 5 5-6
Government, The Hope Of The World, Ameria's Promise?
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.fi Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 46 ( Broadcast 431 ) November 1 8, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
HOW DI D SOCIALISM GROW | N THE U. S.?
tu Septembet .4, i 64, Katl Matx fotme1, at St ]ames' Hall iu Iou1ou, tbe Iutetuatioual
Wot|iugmeu's Associatiouau otgauizatiou iuteu1e1 to fostet tbe wotl1wi1e socialist tevolatiou
wb|cb Matx au1 Iugels ba1 atge1 iu tbeit Commauist Mauifesto ( oab||sbe1 iu i 4 j . Beiug tbe
f|tst |utetuat|oual otgau|zat|ou cteate1 fot sacb patoose, tbe IW A |s geuetally kuowu, |u tbe bis
toty of socialism, as tbe First Socialist International. (1) Iu ]auaaty, i 6, tbe Socialist Patty was
foau1e1 iu New Yot| City, au1 bea1qaattets of tbe Iitst Iutetuatioual was ttausfette1 ftom Iou-
1ou to New Yot|. ( 1) Tbis was tbe fotmal begiuuiug of tbe social|st movemeut |u tbe Uuite1 States
(tboagb tbete ba1 ptevioasly beeu sevetal ausaccessfal expetimeuts iu commaual liviug, socia|istic
commauities, au1 so ouj Tbe Socialist Patty was auable to accomplisb auytbiug iu electious. It
was tefotme1 as Iabot Uuiou No. of New Yot|, bat tbe vatioas factious au1 iu1|vi1aa|s iu
tbe socia||st movemeut, altboagb tbey all ba1 a commou goal, coal1 uot agtee ou metbo1. Tbe
Iitst Socialist Iutetuatioual was 1issolve1 at Pbila1elpbia ou Iebtaaty i , i 6, au1 weut oat of
existeuce. ( 1)
Tbe Secou1 Socialist Iutetuatioual was otgauize1 at Patis ou ]aly i4, i ), by 4uu 1elegates ftom
tweuty coautties. Wbeteas Matx's I|tst Socialist Iutetuatioual ba1 beeu fotme1 ou tbe assamotiou
tbat wot|ets of tbe wotl1 woal1 auite to tbtow o tbe cbaius of capita|ism, tbe Secou1 Social
|st Iutetuat|oual tecoguize1 tbat wotkets mast be otgau|ze1 au1 mauipalate1 iuto saopottiug
socia||sm. Tbe Secou1 Socialist Iutetuat|oual |uteu1e1 to accomplisb wotl1 tevolatiou by otgau-
|ziug au1 couttoll|ug labot au|ous. Heuce, |t |s ofteu callec tbe Iabot Iutetuat|oual. Tbe Secou1
Iutetuatioual stil| exists as a small spliutet gtoap of tbe ovetall commauistsocialist movemeut. It is
tepteseute1 |u tbe Uuite1 States by tbe ol1 Soc|al|st Iabot Patty, wb|cb was actaally otgau|ze1
befote tbe Secou1 Socialist Iutetuatioual itself was fotme1. Iu accomplisbmeut, bowevet, tbe Sec-
ou1 Iutetuat|oual fa|le1 as completely as tbe fitst. ( 1 )
By tbe eu1 of tbe i )tb ceutaty, most socialists, evetywbete, ba1 come to tealize tbat socialism
coal1 be impose1 ou tbe wotl1 ouly tbtoagb v|oleuce, tteacbety, au1 1eceptiou. Tbe Tbit1 Social
ist Iutetuatioual ( ofteu calle1 Re1 Iutetuatioual au1 Moscow Iutetuatioual j was fotme1 at Mos-
copy for 25; 6 for $1.00; 50 for $5.50; 100 for $10. 00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 361
cow, Matcb z6, 1919, au1et tbe lea1etsb|p ot
bolsbev||s wbo ba1 se|ze1 powet |u Rass|a. Tbe
Tb|t1 Iutetuat|oual couvette1 Rass|a |uto au euot
moas powet base tot tbe |utetuat|oual soc|al|st
movemeut au1 spawue1 commau|st patt|es all
ovet tbe wotl1, bat tbe tecbu|qaes ot tbe Tb|t1
Iutetuat|oual woal1 uot wot| |u tbe Uu|te1
States.
Fabians
Jbe Bt|t|sb tab|aus 1ev|se1 tbe tecbu|qaes tba|
wot|e1 |u tbe Uu|te1 States. A small gtoap of
soc|al|sts totme1 tbe Iab|au Soc|ety at Iou1ou |u
1 883, tot tbe auuoauce1 patpose ot couvett|ug
tbe Bt|t|sb ecouomy ttom cap|tal|sm to soc|al|sm.
Tbe uame au1 tact|cs ot tbe Iab|au Soc|ety wete
|usp|te1 by Qa|utas Iab|as Max|mas, a geuetal ot
auc|eut Rome, wbo, attet 1|sasttoas 1eteats 10
opeu battle, 1evelope1 a saccesstal sttategy of
1elay, 1ecept|ou, au1 |unlttat|ou.
Geotge Betuat1 Sbaw, a lea1|ug membet ot
tbe Iab|au Soc|ety, sa|1 tbe Soc|ety ma1e |t pos
s|ble tot tespectable c|t|zeus to sappott soc|al|sm
w|tboat auy sasp|c|ou ot lawless 1es|te to ovet
tatu tbe ex|st|ug ot1et. Tbe tab|au att|nce ot
fe|gu|ug tespectab| l|ty wb|le sabvett|ug soc|ety
tot tevolat|ouaty patposes, gave soc|al|sts easy
eutty |uto govetumeut, bau|s, stoc| excbauges,
au|vets|t|es, au1 all otbet tespecte1 ceutets ol
powet au1 |unaeuce.
l 1. 7)
Tbe tab|aus wete mote teal|st|c tbau otbet so
c|al|sts. Tbey au1etstoo1 tbat |t |s macb eas|et
to sabvett sous, 1aagbtets au1 w|ves ot tbe ptom
|ueut au1 wellto1o tbau |t |s to |mptess tbe labot
|ug classes. Tbey also au1etstoo1 tbat soc|al|st
movemeuts spt|ug ttom tbe m|11le au1 appet
classes au1 uot ttom tbe ptoletat|at.
A tau1ameutal pt|uc|ple ot tab|au|sm |s tbat
a select brain trust sboal1 plau tot, au1 1|tect,
all ot soc|ety. Tb|s coucept ot au el|te atttacte1
people ttom tbe ol1 Eugl|sb uob|l|ty, wbo begau
to j o| u tbe Iab|au Soc|ety, tenect|ug aucousc|oas,
somet|mes cousc|oas, attempts to tega|u tbe|t lost
powet. ( 2)
Tbe pol|cy ot b|1|ug beb|u1 tbe s||tts ot te
spectab|l|ty 1|1 uot, bowevet, 1etet tbe tab|aus
ttom cousott|ug w|tb au1 belp|ug tbe|t mote
v|oleut btetbteu |u tbe soc|al|st movemeut. Iu
tact, tbe tab|aus a|1e1 au1 abette1 Rass|au bol
sbev||s loug oetote tbe tevolat|ou |u 1917.
1ab|aus, l:|e all otbet soc|al|sts, cla|m to tepte
seut a ptogtess|ve soc|ety, bat, l||e commau|sts,
tbey ate 1evote1 to total|tat|au 1|ctatotsb|p.
Geotge Betuat1 Sbaw pat |t tatbet blautly.
"I also made it quite clear that Socialism means
equality of income or nothing, and that under
Socialism you would not be allowed to be poor.
You would be forcibly fed, clothed, lodged,
taught, and employed whether you liked it or
not. If it were discovered that you had not
character and industry enough to be worth all
this trouble, you might possibly be executed in
a kindly manner; but whilst you were permitted
to live you would have to live well."( 2)
LID
tu Septembet 12, 1905, a small gtoap ot so
c|al|sts ( au1et tbe lea1etsb|p ot Jac| Ioucou,
Uptou S|ucla|t, au1 Clateuce S. Dattow) met at
Pec|s Restaataut |u New Yot| C|ty. Oat ot tb|s
meet|ug came tbe Iutetcolleg|ate Soc|al|st Soc|ety
altboagb tbe tab|aus ot Euglau1 ba1 atge1
tbat tbe wot1 socialist be |ept oat ot v|ew. Tbe
Iutetcolleg|ate Soc|al|st Soc|ety was toau1e1 tot
tbe state1 patpose ot ptomot|ug au |utell|geut
|utetest |u soc|al|sm amoug college meu au1 wom
eu . . . au1 tbe eucoatagemeut ot all leg|t|mate
eu1eavots to awa|eu au |utetest |u soc|al|sm
amoug tbe e1acate1 meu au1 womeu ot tbe coau
tty.' ( 1, 3)
Tbe Rau1 Scbool ot Soc|al Sc|euce, totme1 by
tab|au soc|al|sts, became tbe New Yot| bea1
qaattets ot tbe Iutetcolleg|ate Soc|al|st Soc|ety.
Hatvat1 was selecte1 as tbe pt|maty ceutet tot
uoat|sb|ug ao1 sptea1|ug tbe v|tas ot soc|al|sm.
By 1 91 5, tbe Iutetcolleg|ate Soc|al|st Soc|ety ba1
cbaptets ou 60 college campases. ( 1)
Tbe bolsbev|| se|zate ot powet |u Rass|a, | u
1917, st|malate1 a tetmeut ot act|v|ty amoug so-
Page 362
cia|ists iu tbe Uuite1 States Some, |i|e Jobu Ree1
( Hatvat1, )l uj , j oiue1 tbe bo|sbevi| movemeut
oattigbt Wbi|e mauy Ameticau fabiau socia|ists
tetaiue1 tbeit covet of tespectabi|ity au1 sectet|y
sympatbize1 witb tbe bo|sbevi|s, mauy otbets
abau1oue1 tbe 1eceptive covet au1 be|pe1 fotm
tbe comoauist oatty of tbe Uuite1 States.
Tbe socia|ist b|oo1batb iu Rassia, au1 tbe activ
ities of Ameticau socia|ists, caase1 sacb teseut
meut au1 augty teactiou iu tbe Uuite1 States tbat
Ameticau fabiaus tat1i|y too| tbe a1vice of tbeit
Btitisb ftieu1s to pasb tbe wot1 socialist iuto
tbe bac|gtoau1 Iu ). l , tbe Iutetco||egiate So
cia|ist Society became tbe Ieagae fot Iu1asttia|
Democtscy ( IIDj , bat its patpose 1i1 uot
cbauge. IID temaius tbe o|1est, au1 petbaos
sti|| tbe most impottaut, socia|ist otgauizatiou iu
tbe Uuite1 States a pateut gtoao fot most of
tbe otbet ftouts wbicb bave beeu set ap siuce, to
sptea1 tbe poisou of socia|ism auti| tbe tboagbt
stteaos of tbe eutite uatiou bave beeu ba1|y cou
taoiuate1
He|ow ate uames of a few ptomiueut iu1i
vi1aa|s wbo ate, ot wete, iunaeutia| io IID
l1, ", )
CPR aftet a uame iu1icates tbat tbe oetsou is a|so
a membet of tbe Coauci| ou Ioteigu Re|atious ,
ADA meaus membetsbip iu Ameticaus fot Demo
ctatic Actiou.
Roger N. Baldwin-founder and head of Ameri-
can Civil Liberties Union
Charles A. Beard-historian
Daniel Bell-labor editor, Fortune
John K. Benedict-professor, Union Theological
Seminary
John C. Bennett-Dean, Union Theological Semi
nary ( CFR)
Andrew J. Biemiller-former U. S. Representa
tive, founding member of ADA, now AFL-CIO offi
cial
Carroll Binder-editor of the Minneapolis Tribune
Ella Reeves ( "mother") Bloor-communist party
official
Ralph J. Bunche-UN Under Secretary General,
NAACP official ( CFR)
James B. Carey-Secretary-Treasurer, AFL-CIO,
ADA founder
Everett R. Clinchy-first President, National
Conference of Christians and Jews, now head of
Conference on World Tensions ( World Brotherhood,
Inc. ) ( CFR)
George S. Counts-author, educator
Babette Deutch-writer, mother of Adam Yar
molinsky
John Dewey-"father" of progressive education
Paul H. Douglas-Democrat Senator from Illinois,
former professor at University of Chicago, ADA
founder
David Dubinsky-head of Garment Workers
Union, head of New York Liberal Party, ADA
founder, ( CFR)
W. E. B. DuBois-communist party member, of
ficial of NAACP, author
George Clifton Edwards, Jr.-Kennedy nominee
for federal judgeship, ADA founder
Morris Ernst-chief attorney for American Civil
Liberties Union, NAACP official, ADA founder
Samuel A. Eliot, Jr.-author, educator
James Farmer-head of the Congress on Racial
Equality ( CORE)
Felix Frankfurter-former Harvard professor,
Supreme Court Justice, ( CFR)
Lewis S. Gannett-author, editor of New York
Herald-Tribune, NAACP official, ( CFR)
Reverend Donald Harrington-fficial of United
World Federalists
Albert J. Hayes-International President, Inter
national Association of Machinists Union, ADA
founder
Sidney Hook-author, educator
Quincy Howe-author, radio commentator
Hubert H. Humphrey-Democrat Senator from
Minnesota, founding member of ADA ( CFR)
Jacob K. Javits-Republican Senator from New
York, ADA member
Nicholas KelJey-retired vice president, Chrysler
Corporation ( CFR)
William H. Kilpatrick-educator
Freda Kirchwey-publisher of The Nation
Corliss Lamont-President Roosevelt's secretary,
communist
Joseph P. Lash-UN correspondent for the New
York Post, former intimate of the late Eleanor
Roosevelt, ADA founder
Harold J. Laski-professor, Harvard University
and London School of Economics
Owen Lattimore-author, educator, alleged com
munist ( CFR)
Herbert H. Lehman-retired investment banker,
former Democrat Governor of New York and for
mer Senator, ADA founder, NAACP official, ( CFR)
Max Lerner-writer
Alfred Baker Lewis-Preside'nt, Union Casualty
Company, NAACP official
Walter Lippmann-author, columnist ( CFR)
Robert Morss Lovett-author, educator
Jay Lovestone-founder of U.S. communist party,
now International Representative for AFL-CIO
George Meany-President, AFL-CIO
Wayne Morse-Democrat Senator from Oregon,
ADA official
Page 363
Will Maslow-Director, Commission on Law and
Social Action, American Jewish Congress
Lewis Mumford-author ( CFR)
A. J. Muste-official of National Council of
Churches
Reinhold Niebuhr-Vice President of Union The
ological Seminary, ADA founder ( CFR)
Harry A. Overstreet-author, educator, official
of United World Federalists
Victor G. Reuther-assistant to Walter Reuther
Walter P. Reuther-President, United Auto Work
ers, Vice President of AFL-CIO, ADA founder, of
ficial of United World Federalists
Will Rogers, Jr.-ADA founder, actor, official of
United World Federalists
Eleanor Roosevelt
Harold O. Rugg-author, educator
Stanley Ruttenberg-Director of Research and
Education, AFL-CIO
William L. Shirer-author, radio commentator
( CFR)
George Soule-educator
Monroe Sweetland-editor, Oregon Democrat,
ADA founder
Norman Thomas-long-time head of socialist
party
Alexander Trachtenberg-communist party offi
cial
Rexford G. Tugwell-Roosevelt "brain-truster"
Harry F. Ward-former president of Union The
ological Seminary
James Wechsler-editor, New York Post, ADA
founder
Charles Zimmerman-Vice President of Garment
Workers Union, NAACP official
ACLU
Mav|ug foaud tbat Amet|caus coa|d be |ed
to sappott soc|a||st caases ou|y |f soc|a||sm wete
fa|se|y ca||ed sometb|ug e|se, Amet|cau soc|a||sts
cteated mauy ftouts wb|cb appea|ed to some pat
t|ca|at emot|ou ot ptej ad|ce of fact|oua| gtoaps
|u tbe popa|at|ou. Ieadetsb|p aud tact|cs of so
c|a||st ftouts came |atge|y ftom tbe pateut gtoap,
tbe Iutetco||eg|ate Soc|a||st Soc|ety ( |uowu as
Ieagae fot Iudastt|a| Democtacy s|uce i )z i j .
Iot examp|e, Roget N. Ba|dw|u, ptom|ueut |u
tbe ISS, was oue of tbe |u|t|a| foaudets of a
soc|a||st ftout wb|cb a|t|mate|y became tbe Amet|
cau C|v|| I|bett|es Uu|ou Iu au adv|soty |ettet
to a soc|a|ist ag|tatot, Ba|dw|u sa|d.
"Do steer away from making it look like a
Socialist enterprise . . . . We want also to look
[ like] patriots in everything we do. We want to
get a good lot of fags, talk a good deal about the
Constitution and what our forefathers wanted
to make of this country, and to show that we are
really the folks that really stand for the spirit of
our institutions."( 1 )
Iotmed |u tbe spt|ug of i )l , tbe Roget Ba|d
w|u gtoap was ntst ca||ed Amet|cau Uu|ou
Aga|ust M|||tat|sm It pteteuded to be a pac|nst
otgau|zat|ou, devoted to defeuse of a|| wbo ob
ected to tbe dtaft dat|ug Wot|d Wat I bat |u , ,
tea||ty, |t was a |ega| w|ug of tbe soc|a||st patty.
Jaue Addams, Ado|f A Beue, Max Iastmau,
Notmau Tbomas, aud Rabb| Stepbeu S. W|se
wete amoug tbe ptom|ueut soc|a||sts wbo j o|ued
Roget Ba|dw|u |u foaud|ug Amet|cau Uu|ou
Aga|ust M|||tat|sm Ou Novembet 1 , i )i, tbe
otgau|zat|ou became tbe Nat|oua| C|v|| I|bett|es
Bateaa It bad euotmoas |unaeuce dat|ug Wot|d
Wat I, becaase. ( i j |t tece|ved tbe sappott of
|ud|v|daa|s powetfa| |u tbe W||sou adm|u|stta-
t|ou, sacb as, Wa|tet I|ppmauu, Ie||x Itau|fat
tet, Itedet|c| Keppe|, aud Co|oue| Idwatd Mau
de| Hoase, aud ( z j |t tece|ved mouey ftom tbe
Catueg|es. ( 1)
Ou Jauaaty iz, i )zu, tbe Nat|oua| C|v|| I|bet
t|es Bateaa was teotgau|zed as Amet|cau C|v||
I|bett|es Uu|ou, audet tbe ga|dauce of Roget N.
Ba|dw|u, Ie||x Itau|fattet, Ioa|s I. Badeuz,
W||||am Z Iostet, I||zabetb Gat|ey I|yuu, Jaue
Addams, Attbat Gatne|d Hays, Robett Motss
Iovett, A J Maste, Notmau Tbomas, Hato|d J.
Ias||, aud otbets. Badeuz, Iostet, aud I|yuu
wete ptom|ueut ouc|a|s of tbe Amet|cau com-
mau|st patty.
NAACP
Jbe Nat|oua| Assoc|at|ou fot tbe Advauce
meut of Co|oted Peop|e was otgauized |u New
Yot| C|ty, |u l )u). As eat|y as i)zu, a Jo|ut
Ieg|s|at|ve Comm|ttee of tbe New Yot| State
Ieg|s|atate tepotted tbat NAACP, wb||e pteteud
|ug to wot| fot tbe advancement of co|oted peo-
p|e, was a ttout to ptomote soc|a||sm amoug
uegtoes aud amoug wb|tes wbo e|tbet wauted to
Page 364
exploit, ot wete emotioual aboat, wbat tbey cou
sideted tbe pligbt ot uegtoes iu tbe Uuited
States. W. I. B. DaBo|s was ptiucipal toaudet ot
NAACP. ( 1 ) DaBois, a membet ot tbe Iutetcol
legiate Socialist Society, bad a loug cateet as a
commauist leadet, uot ouly iu tbe Uuited States
bat elsewbete. He died iu Attica iu 1 963, a beto
ot tbe wotldwide commauist movemeut
Brotherhood Among the Leftists
be Ieagae tot Iudasttial Democtacy ( IIDj ,
tbe Natioual Associatiou tot tbe Advaucemeut ot
Coloted People ( NAACPj , aud tbe Ameticau
Civil Iibetties Uuiou (ACIUj ate tbe most im
pottaut socialist ttouts cteated iu tbe Uuited States
datiug tbe ntst qaattet ot tbis ceutaty. Tbe tec
otd ot tbeit totmatiou teveals bow closely `so
cialists aud commauists wot|ed togetbet tot
tbeit commou obj ective Tbe togetbetuess ot tbe
lettist tactious tesalted ttom tbe tact tbat all ot
tbem, iucladiug avowed commauists, adopted tbe
tabiau tecbuiqae ot deceptiou.
Siuce tbe eud ot Wotld Wat I, commauists aud
all otbet socialists bave wot|ed batmouioasly to
getbet tot tbeit commou caase by settiug ap
ttouts witb uames aud stated patposes wbicb ap
peal to tbe ctasadiug, aplittiug, belpiugtby
ueigbbot spitit ot latge uambets ot Ameticaus.
Tbe deceptiou uot ouly euabled socialists to dtaw
tespected Ameticau uames iuto socialist ttouts,
bat also cteated a ttemeudoas lobby tot tedetal
ptogtams wbicb violate tbe Coustitatiou aud, tbas,
elimiuate coustitatioual gaatautees agaiust a total
itatiau ceuttal govetumeut Socialists aud com
mauists cousisteutly sappott all tedetal ptogtams
wbicb teqaite taxiug aud speudiug by tbe tedetal
govetumeut, iu denauce ot coustitatioual limita
tious Tbis gives commauists aud socialists appeal
as advocatots ot weltate tot tbe dowuttoddeu,
aud it does sometbiug tat mote impottaut tbau
tbat tot tbe caase ot socialism. it couceuttates
ecouomic aud political powet iu tbe ceuttal gov
etumeut, to tbe dettimeut ot state govetumeuts
As oat edeta| system toas ctamo|es, toe Waso
iugtou bateaactacy becomes so colossal iu powet
aud tauctiou tbat oat coustitatioual legislative
system becomes iuadeqaate Uuable to opetate
eucieutly iu its coustitatioual tole as totmalatot
ot uatioual policy, tbe Cougtess satteudets its
tespousibility to tbe Ptesideut, settiug ap gigautic
bateaas aud cotpotatious wbicb ate mauaged by
au elite ot appoiuted expetts, wbo ma|e aud eu
totce admiuisttative law iu denauce ot cousti
tatioual ptovisious Tbas, tbe socialists aud com
mauists, by sappottiug tedetal weltate, aud otbet
speudiug ptogtams, gtadaally ttaustotm tbe ted
etal govetumeut iuto a totalitatiau bateaactacy ad
miuisteted by a select gtoap ot btaiu ttastets,
dedicated to tbe matxiau ideal ot etectiug social
ism ou tbe asbes ot tbe capitalistic system.
veutaally, btotbetbood witb commauists be
came au embattassmeut to tespectable Ameti
cau socialists Wbeu tbe Soviet Uuiou iuvaded
Iiulaud iu 1939, tot example, mauy Ameticau
socialists wiuced at beiug pablicly associated witb
commauists w|o sappotted tbe baugliug bat
bloody Soviet tytauuy. Tbey wete tattbet embat
tassed wbeu tbe Soviets sigued a tteaty ot ttieud
sbip aud uouaggtess|ou witb tbe uazis.
Wbeu tbe Uuited States euteted Wotld Wat
II as au ally ot tbe Soviets, Ameticau commauists
euj oyed auotbet petiod ot opeu ttatetuizatiou aud
coopetatiou witb most otbet socialist gtoaps iu
tbe Uuited States Bat by 1946, tbe Ameticau
pablic bad come to tbe sic|euiug tealizatiou tbat
oat Soviet socialist ally was a mote mousttoas
tytauuy aud a tat gteatet tbteat to oat owu peace
aud secatity tbau tbe socialist euemy wbicb we
bad beeu ngbtiug.
Tbe admiuisttatiou iu Wasbiugtou, aud ptac
tically all toaudatious aud iustitatious devoted
to tbe sabtle apptoacb towatd socialism, bad beeu
iunlttated by commauists aud wete losiug tbe
tespect aud sappott ot tbe pablic. It libetalism
wbicb teally meaus tabiau socialism wete to
satvive aud noatisb, it bad to tid itselt ot tbe
taiut ot commauism.
ibetals did uot cbauge tbeit tactics ot ob
j ectives , ueitbet did commauists. Tbey all cou-
tiuaed to wot| tot tbe totalitatiau state, wbile
Page 365
pteteud|ug to wot| fot we|fat|sm, ap||ft, iudas
tt|a| democtacy, aud govetumeut w|tb a beatt , bat
l|beta|s became oatspo|eu aut|commau|sts. CIO
au|ous, wb|cb wete |uowu to be couttol|ed by
commau|sts, wete expe||ed ftom tbe CIO Tbe
CIO |tsel|, aud tbe au|ous wb|cb wete expelled,
cout|uaed to wot| tbe same as befote, fot tbe
same obect|ve, bat uow tbey ca||ed eacb otbet
d|tty uaoes. Tbe CIO, fotmed by soc|a||sts aud
commau|sts aud ded|cated to tbe tota||tat|au so
c|a||st state, load|y ptoc|a|med |tself a staaucb
foe of commau|sm S|m|lat tb|ugs bappeued to
otbet lead|ug, tespectab|e left|st otgau|zat|ous
tbe Aut|Defamat|ou Ieagae, tbe Amet|cau C|v|l
I|bett|es Uu|ou, tbe Nat|oua| Assoc|at:ou fot tbe
Advaucemeut of Co|oted People.
I|betal otgau|zat|ous cla|m|ug to be aut|com
mau|st, c|aug to fab|au tact|cs aud goals tbat
commau|sts bad adopted, aud tbey bad sometb|ug
else |u commou w|tb commau|sts . tbey wete all
v|taleut aut|aut|commau|sts. Commau|sts aud
soc|al|sts aud total|tat|au l|betals may ngbt amoug
tbemselves aboat tact|cs aud sttategy, bat tbete
seems to be a code of tbe pol|t|ca| audetwot|d
wb|cb au|tes tbeo |u a t|gbt boud to fgbt aut|
commau|sts, tbe|t commou euemy
ADA
Jb e Ame t | caus f ot Democt at| c Act|ou
( ADAj was tbe most spectaca|at, aud |mpottauc,
ptodact of tbe eatly postwat pet|od wbeu Amet|
cau total.tat|au ||betals acted to patge tbemse|ves
of tbe ta|ut of commau|sm
Tbe ADA was foauded |u ]auaaty, 1947. Oue
of tbe pt|uc|pal foaudets was Itauc|s B|dd|e
(wbo bad beeu Itauk||u D Roosevel: s Attotuey
Geueta| j B|ddle sa|d tbe ADA was cteated `to
sp||t ftom tbe l|betal movemeut |u Amet|ca tbose
e|emeuts of commau|sm aud fe|low ttavelets
wb|cb . . . d|d gteat batm to tbe l|beta| move
meut '' B|ddle was a membet of tbe Coauc|l
ou Iote|gu Relat|ous Hete ate some of tbe otbet
ptom|ueut foaudets of tbe ADA ( CIR aftet
a uame |uc|cat|ug memoetso|p u tue Council on
Iote|gu Relat|ous j .
Joseph Alsop
Stewart Alsop
Barry Bingham ( CFR)
Chester Bowles ( CFR)
James B. Carey
Marquis Childs ( CFR)
David Dubinsky ( CFR)
Morris Ernst
J. Kenneth Galbraith ( CFR)
A. J. Hayes
Joseph P. Lash
Reinhold Niebuhr ( CFR)
Walter P. Reuther
Eleanor Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. ( CFR)
James Wechsler
Paul H. Douglas
Herbert H. Lehman ( CFR)
Hubert H. Humphrey ( CFR)
0 get some |u|l|ug of tbe powet wb|cb tbe
ADA bas exetted |u Amet|cau l|fe, oue ueeds
ouly to |oo| at tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou
Tboagb Ptes|deut Keuuedy |s uot |uowu to be a
membet of tbe ADA, be was a spec|a| pap|| of
Bt|t|sb soc|al|st leadet Hatold ] Ias|| at tbe Iou
dou Scbool of Icouom|cs , ' aud be bas placed
ADA membets at tbe belm of powet |u Wasb|ug
tou Hete |s a patt|al ||st o| ADA membets |u tbe
Keuuedy ado|u|sttat|ou ' ( CIR aftet a uame
|ud|cat|ug meobetsb|p |u tbe Coauc|l ou Iote|gu
Relat|ous j .
Theodore C. Sorensen-Special Counsel to the
President
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.-Special Assistant to the
President ( CFR)
Harris L. Wofford-Special Assistant to the Pres
ident
Archibald Cox-Solicitor General of the United
States
Arthur J. Goldberg-Associate Justice of the Su
preme Court ( CFR)
G. Mennen Williams-Assistant Secretary of
State for African Affairs
Philip H. Coombs-Assistant Secretary of State
for Educational and Cultural Affairs ( CFR)
Chester Bowles-Ambassador to India ( CFR)
Orville L. Freeman-Secretary of Agriculture
Charles S. Murphy-Under Secretary of Agri
culture
Robert C. Weaver-Administrator, Federal Hous
ing and Home Finance Agency
Thomas K. Finletter-Permanent Representative
to NATO ( CFR)
All ADA members of Congress are, of course,
sttoug sappottets of tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttat|ou.
Page 366
Hete ate Uuited States Seuatots |uowu to tbe
membets of tbe ADA ( all Democtats except
Javits j .
Joseph S. Clark, Jr. ( Pa. )
Paul H. Douglas ( Ill.)
Hubert H. Humphrey (Minn., CFR)
Jacob K. Javits (N.Y., CFR)
Eugene J. McCarthy ( Minn.)
Wayne Morse ( Ore.)
Maurine B. Neuberger ( Ore. )
Harrison B. Williams ( N.J.)
Tbe followiug Uuited States Repteseutatives
(all Democtats j ate ADA membets .
Henry B. Gonzales ( Tex.)
Robert Kastenmeier ( Wis. )
James Roosevelt ( Calif.)
William Fitts Ryan ( N.Y.)
1uited States Repteseutative Btace Alget
(Repablicau, Texas j bas giveu a tetse, aud cot
tect, sammaty of ADA beliefs, iu tbese wotds
"That it is possible for a police state to be obe
dient to the popular will; that the apparatus of
such a state can be so affected by benevolence
that it can produce-through such coercive mea
sures as compulsory union membership, enforced
fraternization, a compulsory share-the-wealth tax
system and a strong centralized bureaucracy-a
guaranteed annual tax wage for everybody, com
plete freedom from fear, want and anxiety for all,
and total economic welfare from the cradle to
the grave for the entire populace. "( 7
)
Attbat Scblesiuget, Jt. ( advisot, special as
sistaut, aud speecb wtitet fot tbe Ptesideut j , is
cousideted tbe pbilosopbet of tbe ADA aud of
tbe Keuuedy admiuisttatiou. Uuited States Repte
seutative Ricbatd H. Poff (Repablicau, Vitgiuiaj
qaotes Scblesiuget as sayiug.
"Ofcial liberalism was the product of the en
lightenment, cross-fertilized with such things as
science, bourgeois complacency, and a belief in
progress. It dispensed with the absurd Christian
myths of sin and damnation and believed that
what shortcomings man might have were to be
redeemed, not by Jesus on the cross, but by the
benevolent unfolding of history. Tolerance, free
inquiry, and technology, operating in the fralle
work of human perfectibility, would in the end
create a heaven on earth, a goal accounted much
more sensible and wholesome than a heaven in
heaven. "( 8)
Iu 1947, Scblesiuget made a statemeut ou Tbe
Iatate of Soc|al|sm. Tbe ADA bas eudotsed tbe
statemeut , aud Scblesiuget teceutly sa|d tbat be
st| ll bel|eves wbat be wtote iu 1947. ( 7 ) Hete ate
exttacts ftom Scblesiugets statemeut .
"1 socialism (i. e. , the ownership by the state
of all significant means of production) is to pre
serve democracy, it must be brought about step
by step in a way which will not disrupt the fabric
of custom, law, and mutual confidence upon
which personal rights depend. That is, the tran
sition must be piece-meal; it must be parliamen
tary; it must respect civil liberties and due proc
ess of law. Socialism by such means used to seem
fantastic to the hard-eyed melodramatists of the
Leninist persuasion, but even Stalin is reported
to have told Harold Laski recently that it might
be possible.
"The classical argument against gradualism
was that the capitalist ruling class would resort
to violence rather than surrender its preroga
tives. Here, as elsewhere, the Marxists enorm
ously overestimated the political courage and
will of the capitalists. In fact, in the countries
where capitalism really triumphed, it has yielded
with far better grace (that is, displayed far more
cowardice) than the Marxist scheme predicted.
The British experience is illuminating in this
respect, and the American experience not unin
structive. There is no sign in either nation that
the capitalists are putting up a really determined
fght . . . . the bourgeois fears more than any
thing else - violence . . . .
"There seems no inherent obstacle to the grad
ual advance of socialism in the United States
through a series of new deals . . . .
"Government ownership and control can take
many forms. The independent public corpora
tion, in the manner of TVA, is one; State and
municipal ownership can exist alongside Federal
ownership; the techniques of the cooperatives
can be expanded; even the resources of regula
tion have not been fully tapped . . . .
"That doyen of American capitalists, Joseph
P. Kennedy, recently argued that the United
States should not seek to resist the spread of com
llunisll. Indeed, it should 'perlIlit cOllunisl
to have its trial outside the Soviet Union if that
shall be the fate or will of certain peoples . .
Page 367
"Can the United States conceive and initiate
so subtle a [ foreign] policy? Though the secret
has been kept pretty much from the readers of
the liberal press, the State Department has been
proceeding for some time somewhat along these
lines . . . . to be frm without being rancorous,
to check Soviet expansion without making un
limited commitments to an antiSoviet crusade . . .
to encourage the growth of the democratic left
. . . . Men like Ben Cohen, Dean Acheson,
Charles Bohlen [ all members of the CFR] have
tried to work out details and whip up support
for this admittedly risky program . . . . "( 7
)
1ast wee|, we commeuted ou a colamu by
Coustaut|ue Btowu, sett|ug oat |ufotmat|ou ftom
a fotmet omc|al of tbe Czecbos|ova||au com
mau|st govetumeut to tbe eect tbat tbe Uu|ted
States, fat ftom oet|ug teal oppos|t|ou to com
mau|st wotld couqaest, |s expected to belp tbe
commau|sts, patt|calatly | f Keuuedy |s te-elected.
Ivety Amet|cau sboald tenect ou tb|s assett|ou, |u
tbe l|gbt of wbat Attbat Scbles|uget, jt , pb||os
opbet of tbe New Itout|et, sa|d |u b|s statemeut
aboat tbe fatate of soc|al|sm.
More
Iu a sabseqaeut Report, we w|ll g|ve deta|ls ou
soc|al|st accomp||sbmeuts |u tbe Uu|ted States.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Revolutionary RadicaliJm: Part One -Subversive Movemellts,
Report of the Joint Legislative Committee of the State of New
York I nvestigating Seditious Activities, Albany, 1920, Two
Volumes, pp. 41 86; 5059, 41 393; 1 4586; 1 1 1920, 1 24750;
1 280. 62930; 1 088; 1 101 , 197989; 1 5 1 820
( 2 ) KeYlles at Harvard: Ecollomic Deception as d Political C" edo,
Veritas Foundation, P. O. Box 340, New York, 1 0005, 1 14pp.
( 3 ) The L.I.D. -Fifty Yean of Democratic Education, 1 905 1 955,
by Mina Weisenberg, League for Industrial Democracy, 1 1 2 East
19th Street, New York, New York, 10003
( 4) Americalls For Democratic Actioll -Its 0l'igin, Aims, and
Character, and Its Desiglls Upon the Demon'atic Pm'ty, Staff of
the Senate Republican Policy Committee, April 1 9, 1 955
( 5 ) "The ADA: I t s Impact on the New Frontier," series of articles
by Robert T. Hartmann, The Los Angeles Times, September 3-8,
10, 1961
( 6 ) "Kennedy as President," by Selig S. Harrison, The New Republic,
June 27, 1960, p. 1 0
( 7 ) Speech by U. S. Representative Bruce Alger, C01g1'essional Recol'd
( daily ) , May 28, 1963, pp. 9086-98
( 8 ) Newsletter of U. S. Representative Richard H. Poff, November
4, 1963
1940. In 1941, he j oined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a dotorate
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years as an ad ministrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover on FBI headquar
In 195 1, Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio and television
Page 368
M
/(I Smoot Report
yol. 9, No. 47 (Broadcast 432) November 25, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
b LL | L N Nb k L
DAN SMOOT
1u i), tbe Iegislative Refeteuce Setvice of tbe Iibtaty of Cougtess sabmitted a tepott eutitled,
Advetse Iects Of Tbe Ixpaudiug Activities Of Tbe Natioual Govetumeut Ou Tbe Ptivate
Icouomy Aud Tbe Iedetal System. Tbe Case Iot Itee Iutetptise Aud Iocal Govetumeut. ' ' ' Tbe
tepott |s )6 pages loug, iu ) sectious. Tbe ) atticles followiug ate coudeusatious of all ) sec
tious. ''
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF HI GH TAXES( 2)
Itom i). , taxes too| mote tbau .)~ of uatioual iucome Tbe fedetal taxta|e is gtowiug
almost 6 times as fast as uatioual iucome. Betweeu i ).) aud i) , uatioual iucome qaadtapled,
bat fecetal taxes iucteased .) fold. Sacb tax tates bave daugetoasly decteased tbe iudividaals iu
ceutive to wot|, save, aud iuvest. Oat ecouomy wil l uot satvive if we coutiuae to pile evet beaviet
tax batdeus ou people wbo wot| batdest to acbieve sometbiug.
Iu oat gtowiug popalatiou, uew j obs fot au additioual oue milliou people ate ueeded evety yeat.
Iot evety uew j ob cteated, someoue mast iuvest ftom siu,uuu to s.u,uuu iu plauts, tools, eqaipmeut,
baildiugs, aud so ou. Wbete cau ptivate iudastty get tbis uecessaty i u to .u billiou dollats a
yeat fot expausiou to meet tbe uew demaud?
1 . From the savings of individuals? Higb taxes discoatage iudividaal saviugs. if a mau wot|s
batd aud ecieutly to ma|e mote tbau a modest liviug, ptogtessive tax tates peualize bim. Iot
example, iu i )i ) i a coaple eatuiug siu,uuu a yeat paid ouly s6u iu fedetal taxes. Tbey coald
accamalate cousidetable saviugs to iuvest iu tbeit owu basiuess, to leud to bau|s, ot to iuvest iu
stoc|s aud bouds of otbet basiuesses. Iu i)6, a coaple eatuiug siu,uuu paid si , )u iu fedetal
iucome tax uot to meutiou a maltitade of otbet fedetal, state, aud local taxes. Tbeit dollats, left
aftet taxes, bay less tbau balf as macb as a compatable amoaut iu i )i ) i , becaase bigb taxes aud
iunatiou bave cbeapeued tbe dollat.
Page 369
Moteovet, tbe 1956 coaple woald bave l|ttle
|uceut|ve to ecouom|ze ou comfotts aud laxat|es
|u otdet to save, becaase |unat|ou evety yeat de
cteases tbe valae of dollats |u sav|ugs.
if a taxpayet does get |uto tbe appet btac|ets,
b|gb ptogtess|ve taxes ( ap to 91 ~j d|scoatage
b|m ftom patt|ug b|s mouey |uto expaus|ou of
bas|uess aud |udastty H|gb taxes eucoatage b|m
to pat b|s mouey |uto taxexempt state aud mau|c
|pal bouds a ||ud of |uvestmeut wb|cb does
l|ttle to ptov|de uew tools, plauts, aud eqa|p
meut ueeded fot a m|ll|ou uew j obs a yeat.
2. Can private industry accumulate from its
own projits enough capital to meet its needs jor
expansion? H|gb taxes ma|e tb|s |mposs|ble, too.
iu 1955, cotpotat|ous coald |eep less tbau balf
tbe|t ptohts fot te|uvestmeut and fot tbe pay
meut of d|v|deuds to stoc|boldets. Iedetal taxes
too| mote tbau balf tbe|t ptohts
3. Why can
}
t business borrow the money
needed for growth? G|aut cotpotat|ous asaally
cau. Small aud uew compau|es do uot bave tbe
cted|t Heuce, b|gb taxes d|scoatage tbe gtowtb
of small, |udepeudeut bas|uesses aud favot mam
motb cotpotat|ous We ate do|ug wbat Katl
Matx pted|cted |u 1 848 desttoy|ug pt|vate
cap|tal|sm by desttoy|ug tbe m|ddle class
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC HOUSI NG( 2 )
Pabl|c boas|ug begau, w|tb PW A, fot tbe pat
pose of belp|ug tbe cousttact|ou |udastty Tbe
patpose cbauged. Now, pabl|c boas|ug a|ms to
cleat slams aud ptov|de lowcost boas|ug fot low
|ucome iamilies , bat pabl|c boas|ug ptoj ects
do uot teally el|m|uate slams . tbey metely sptead
slam coud|t|ous to otbet patts of a c|ty, aud tbe
ptoj ects tbemselves fteqaeutly become slams
Segtegat|ug low|ucome fam|l|es |u pabl|c
|oas|ug pto ects petpetaates |udoleuce, ct|me,
|lleg|t|macy, aud hltby l|v|ug bab|ts, becaase, fot
oue tb|ug, |t temoves tbe |uceut|ve of fam|l|es to
get oat oi tbese coud|t|ous. W|ves qa|t wot| aud
basbauds teftaiu ftom eotts to eatu mote mouey,
becaase, |f tbe|t eatu|ugs go ap, tbey w|ll be ma|
|ug mote tbau some bateaactat says tbey cau ma|e
|f tbey stay |u tbe ptoject.
A vast aud costly fedetal bateaactacy bas gtowu
ap to adm|u|stet tbe 490,000 lowteut pabl|c
dwell|ug au|ts uow |u ex|steuce Iacb boas|ug
ptoj ect |s a sepatate poc|et of govetumeut, dom|
uated by fedetal tales aud tegalat|ous, pay|ug uo
taxes to tbe local commau|ty, aud beyoud tbe cou
ttol of local govetumeuts. Yet, local taxpayets
mast ptov|de all commau|ty setv|ces pol|ce, nte
ptotect|ou, sewage, scbools tbat tbey ptov|de
fot pt|vate boas|ug wb|cb pays |ts sbate of local
taxes
Pabl|c boas|ug uevet pays fot |tself. Iu fact,
teuauts |u pabl|c boas|ug do uot eveu pay euoag|
teut to ma|uta|u aud opetate tbe ptojects Iocal
ptopetty owuets aud |ucome taxpayets foot tbe
b|ll uot ouly fot ba|ld|ug tbe ptoj ects, bat fot
opetat|ug tbem.
All taxpayets become, |u patt, slaves ( s|uce tbe
meau|ug of slavety |s to be compelled to wot| fot
someoue else w|tboat pay j to sabs|d|ze boas|ug
fot selected fam|l|es Mauy of tbese fam|l|es ate
baudp|c|ed, uot fot tbe|t ueeds, bat fot tbe|t
votes. Pabl|c boas|ug teuauts become patt slaves,
becaase bateaactats wbo tau pablic boas|ug bave
gteat powet ovet teuauts.
Tbas, pabl|c boas|ug fteqaeutly becomes au
aatoctat|c, soc|al|st|c system |u wb|cb a few pol|t
ical bateaac:ats decide wbat ||ud of boas|ug
cetta|u gtoaps of people sboald bave at tbe
expeuse of all taxpayets |u tbe uat|ou
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF FEDERAL AID TO
EDUCATION( 2)
Tbe Coust|tat|ou ma|es uo meut|ou of edaca
t|ou. Tbe Teutb Ameudmeut ptov|des tbat
powets not dele gated to tbe fedetal govetumeut
ate tesetved to tbe states ot to tbe people. Heuce,
fedetal act|v|ty |u tbe neld of edacat|ou |s aucou
st|tatioual. Nevettbeless, tbe fedetal govetumeut
bas alteady assamed a gteat uambet of tespou
s|b|l|t|es |u tb|s neld.
Page 370
States aud commauities tbat coald nuauce tbeit
edacatioual ptoblems sometimes do little ot uotb
iug, becaase tbey waut mouey ftom tbe fedetal
govetumeut. Tbas, fedetal activity tetatds tbe
developmeut of edacatioual facilities.
Iedetal aid to edacatiou bas belped altet fau
dameuta| Ameticau attitades, uot ouly iu edaca
tiou, bat iu all nelds bas decteased tbe self
teliauce of people aud desttoyed tbe legitimate
powet aud impottauce of local aud state govetu
meuts.
Iedetal aid to pablic scbools bas eucoataged
demauds fot fedetal aid to ptivate scbools. Tbis
eudaugets tbe ptiuciple of sepatatiou of cbatcb
aud state.
Despite atgameuts aud claims to tbe couttaty,
tbe fedetal govetumeut does exetcise couttol wbeu
it gives aid. Tbis is desttoyiug states tigbts -
aud tbete is uo ptovable ueed fot it.
DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF FEDERAL
CREDIT AGENCI ES(
2
)
Today, tbe fedetal govetumeut ditectly leuds
si fot evety s leut by ptivate bauks. Ptessate
ou tbe govetumeut to go deepet iuto tbe baukiug
basiuess is gteat aud gtowiug.
Tbe Iedetal Natioual Mottgage Associatiou,
cbatteted Iebtaaty 1 0, 1938, does uot make boas
iug loaus ditectly, except iu Alaska It bays IHA
iusated aud Vetetaus Admiuisttat|ougaatauteed
mottgages. Ou ]aue 30, 1956, INMA beld oat
staudiug mottgages totaliug s. billiou.
IHA Iedetal Hoasiug Admiuisttatiou iu
sates ptivate mottgages, tbas telieviug ptivate
leudets of majot tisk.
Vetetaus Admiuisttatiou gaatautees boasiug
loaus, basiuessloaus, aud fatmloaus wbicb pti
vate leudets make to Wotld Wat ii aud Koteau
vetetaus. It also makes ditect bomeloaus iu ateas
wbete its gaatautees will uot stimalate euoagb
ptivate loaus.
Public Housing Administration, although not
ptimatily a leudiug ageucy, does make loaus aud
gtauts to belp local aatbotities baild pablic boas
iug ptojects.
Utbau Reuewal Admiuisttatiou leuds to ma
uicipalities |ot slam cleatauce. Iu some cases,
URA also gaatautees tempotaty ptivate loaus.
Commauity Iacilities Admiuisttatiou leuds to
colleges, fot stadeut aud facalty boasiug aud
otbet edacatioual facilities , aud it leuds to state
aud local govetumeuts, fot pablic wotks.
Ratal Ilecttincatiou Admiuisttatiou makes
loaus ( aboat 200 milliou dollats a yeat j , cbieny
to coopetatives, fot cousttactiug electtical powet
facilities, aud fot tbe cousttactiou aud imptove
meut of telepboue systems.
Iatmets Home Admiuisttatiou, daplicatiug
some of tbe activities of Commodity Ctedit Cot
potatiou, makes loaus to fatmets, ptesamably au
able to obtaiu ctedit elsewbete.
Iatm Ctedit Admiuisttatiou sapetvises vatioas
govetumeutal leudiug ageucies . Iedetal Iaud
Bauks, Bauks fot Coopetatives, Iedetal Iutetme
diate Ctedit Bauks, Ptodactiou Ctedit Cotpota
tious. Tbese ageucies make loaus ou fatm teal
estate, aud loaus to fatm coopetatives aud uamet
oas ptivate fatm ctedit associatious.
Small Basiuess Admiuisttatiou makes basiuess
loaus aud disastetloaus to small basiuesses.
Matitime Admiuisttatiou iusates ptivate cou
sttactiou loaus aud mottgages ou most types of
catgo aud passeuget vessels.
Tbe IxpottImpott Bauk of Wasbiugtou, es
tablisbed iu 1934, makes loaus to foteiguets to
euable tbem to bay Ameticau goods.
Iutetuatioual Bauk fot Recousttuctiou aud De
velopmeut is au iutetuatioual ageucy. Tbe Uuited
States govetumeut is a majot stockboldet. It
makes loaus all ovet tbe wotld fot vatioas basi
uess, ttade, iudasttial, aud pablic wotks patposes.
Bureau of Indian Afairs makes loans to start
Iudiaus iu agticultate.
Page 371
Jbete ate sevetal otbet fedetal leudiug ageu
cies. Wbat ate some eects of all tbis fedetal
activity io tbe baukiug basiuess ? Govetumeut
leudiug ageucies, uot coottolled by ueed fot ptont,
geoetally make loaos fot tbe patpose of politics
ot favotitism. Coufettiug special belp ot favots
apou a patticalat gtoap ot iodastty ot tegiou is,
iu fact, tbe ocial patpose of govetumeut leud
iug. Malptactice, cottaptioo, aud waste ate
bouud to tesalt.
Govetomeut leodiug stimalated a boasiog
boom aftet Wotld Wat II. By tbe fall of i ) ,
total bome mottgage debt was apptoximately 6
billiou dollats aboat ) audetwtitteu by
govetumeut. Tbis govetomeotmade boom caased
skytocketiug costs aod ptices. Govetumeut-fi
oauced sabatbau developmeots decteased valaes
of
tbau ptope
ty, tbas caasiug ueglect aud poot

mauteuauce witb tbe couseqaeut spteadiug of
slams togetbet witb mote demaud fot fedetal
belp to cleat tbe uew slams.

Rigid fedetal tegalatious, witb attincial ptop
pug ap of aucieut baildiug ptactices, tetatd teco
uological imptovemeuts iu tbe boasiug iodastty,
pteveut tapid developmeot of mote ecieut tecb-
uiqaes, aod keep boasiug costs auteasouably bigb.
Mauy fedetal ageucies leud at macb lowet iu
tetest tates tbau ptivate baukets cau anotd. Mauy
make ausoaud loaus tbat ptivate baukets coald
uot toacb. Tbis kiod of leudiug is a socialistic
sabsidy wbicb all taxpayets ate fotced to pay.
Govetumeut leodiug ageucies, taxftee aud witb
taxsappotted admiuisttative costs aud losste
setves, compete witb ptivate leudiug ageucies
wbicb mast pay bigb taxes to sappott tbeit costly
competitots, tbe govetumeut ageucies.
Like all otbet fedetal assistauce, fedetal leudiug
desttoys tbe soveteiguty of tbe states aud tbe self-
teliauce of tbe people. Iot example, Commauity
Iacilities Admiuisttatiou's taxsabsidized iutetest
tates ou loaus to colleges fot boasiug bave vit
taally elimiuated ptivate iuvestots ftom tbis neld.
Ibis is a back coot approaco to federal control
of higher educatiou.
DANGERS OF FEDERAL ELECTRIC POWER( 2)
Io .) yeats, tbe fedetal govetumeot bas mal
tplied its powetgeuetatiog capacity aboat 6
times ftom .).,uuu kilowatts io i))) to aboat
i milliou iu i)6.
Iedetal electtic powet is socialism. All tax
p
yets iu tbe uatioo ate fotced to ptovide elec-

ttical powet, at less tbau cost, fot tegious like
tbe Teouessee Valley aod tbe Pacific Nottbwest
wbicb ate domiuated by fedetal powet. Socialized
powet iu tbese tegious teuds to atttact iudastty
away ftom otbet tegious. Yet, tbe loss of io
dividaal iuitiative aod tesoatcefaloess (wbicb
fedetal patetualism bas caased iu ateas domioated
by govetumeo
owoed powetj bas actaally te-

tatdegtowt-u tbose ateas, despite tbe fact tbat
some udasttes bave beeo dtawu tbete by social
ized powet tates. Compated to tbe test of tbe
S
atb, fot example, tbe TVA atea is baviog tel

atively slow iodasttial gtowtb.
Tbe pablic geoetally tbtoagb bayiug of
stocks aud boods, aud iuvestmeots |o bauks aod
iosatau
e owos aud couttols ptivate powet

compaoies. Iedetal powet compao|es ate owued,
uot by tbe pablic, bat by govetumeut , aod tbey
ate tau by appoiuted oc|als v|ttaally beyoud
tbe teacb of citizeus aud taxpayets.
THE CASE AGAI NST FEDERAL
RECLAMATION ( 2)
It was ocially estimated tbat laod teclamatiou
iu tbe Colambia Basiu Ptoj ect woald cost aboat
s6uu au acte, mote tbao s6uu au acte iu tbe
Uppet Colotado Rivet Stotage Ptoj ect, aud ap to
si i 66 ao acte iu tbe ItyiugpauAtkausas Ptoject.
Siuce govetomeut estimates ate fteqaeut|y less
tbau balf tbe nual costs, it is easy to see tbat tbe
pablic is beiug fotced to pay fot gtaudiose, im
ptactical, socialistic scbemes of bateaactats. We
ate teclaimiug laud tbat we do uot ueed, siuce oat
fatmets alteady ptodace mote tbau we cousame.
Some of the land is unsuitable for crops even
aftet it is 'teclaimed' witb ittigatiou. Ptactically
Page 372
all of |t costs as macb to tecla|m as good fatm
laud |s wottb.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF GRANTSINAID
ON THE FEDERAL SYSTEM( 2)
Tbe gtaut|ug of fedetal mouey to state aud
local govetumeuts bas |ucteased alatm|ugly s|uce
Wotld Wat II.
Powet accompau|es mouey As fedetal mouey
goes |uto states, so does fedetal powet audet
m|u|ug tbe coust|tat|oual aatbot|ty of state aud
local govetumeuts aud ta||ug couttol of tbe des
t|u|es of people. Tbe fedetal govetumeut ta|es
mouey away ftom states, tbeu seuds bac| wbat
|t tb|u|s states sboald bave. Tbas, tbe fedetal
govetumeut becomes tbe atb|tet of wbo gets wbat
Tbe movemeut of tax|ug powet ftom state aud
local govetumeuts to Wasb|ugtou |s compatat|vely
teceut. Iu i))., tbteefoattbs of a|l taxes |u
Amet|ca wete pa|d to state aud local govetumeuts.
By i)4, tbteefoattbs of all tax dollats wete
go|ug to tbe uat|oual govetumeut Tb|s seud|ug
of oat mouey ou a toaud tt|p to Wasb|ugtou |s
absatd, auuecessaty, wastefal, aud |uemc|eut
aud |t |s ba|ld|ug tbe fedeta| govetumeut |uto a
ceuttal tytauuy tbat cau euslave as
Iedetal a|d to states |s wtoug aud daugetoas
|u pt|uc|ple, wastefal aud |uec|eut |u ptact|ce.
If we do uot stop |t, we w|ll desttoy oat fedetal
system. If tb|s bappeus, Amet|cau coust|tat|oual
govetumeut w|ll be dead aud so w|ll fteedom.
FOREIGN AID AS A SUBSIDY TO
NATIONALIZATION( 2)
Iote|gu govetumeuts bave ased Amet|cau tax
mouey to pay fot soc|al|sm. Govetumeuts wb|cb
bave tefased to petm|t pt|vate Amet|cau cap|tal
|u tbe|t coautt|es bave ta|eu bage amoauts of
Amet|cau govetumeutal a|d. Iatopeau coautt|es
bave decteased pabl|c debts aud taxes w|tb
Amet|cau fote|gu a|d wb|cb | ucteases oat uat|oual
debt aud tax batdeu.
Foreign governents have buil t huge, social
|st|c bydtoelectt|c ptoj ects, ta|ltoad stat|ous,
toads, aud otbet elabotate fac|l|t|es, w|tb no cou
s|detat|ou fot ptact|cal|ty, becaase tbe total cost
was botue by Amet|cau taxpayets.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF BUREAUCRACY ON
AGRICULTURE( 2)
Tbe Amet|cau fatmets' bas|c ptoblems tesalt
ftom fatm pol|c|es of tbe fedetal govetumeut
wb|cb, by i), bad cost taxpayets at least ) b|l
l|ou dollats.
Tbe govetumeut' s fatm ptogtams bave tedaced
tbe |u|t|at|ve of fatmets, pasb|ug tbem eveu fat
tbet towatd tbe coud|t|ou of peasautty. Tbe pto
gtams bave desttoyed mat|ets fot fatm goods aud
bave deptessed pt|ces fot fatm ptodacts Tbey
bave ta|eu away tbe fatmets' fteedom aud bave
saddled a beavy batdeu ou tbe wbole popalat|ou.
If we do uot tetatu to fteedom aud |ud|v|daal
|sm |u agt|caltate, tbe fedetal govetumeut w|ll
lead as to d|sastet.
Si nce 1 957
Jbe I|btaty of Cougtess tepott ( coudeused
|u tbe ) att|c|es |mmed|ately pteced|ugj sbows
cleatly tbat |teedom sbt|vels as tbe ceuttal gov
etumeut gtows, aud tbat we ate ou tbe commau|st
cbatted coatse towatd total desttact|ou of tbe
ttad|t|oual Amet|cau fteeeutetpt|se system. Tbe
tepott says .
"We are proceeding in the direction which
Karl Marx in 1 848 predicted would be the road
to destruction of capitalism, that is, destruction
of the middle class with the aid of a highly
progressive tax."
Tbat was |u i). S|uce tbeu, tbe govetumeut' s
auuaal speud|ug bas |ucteased 4)^~, oat uat|oual
debt, i^~ (3)
Communist Manifesto
The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl
Matx aud Itedet|ck Eugels aud publ|shed in
Page 373
l -4-, set oat a lupo|ut plau by wb|cb capitalist|c
ecouomies coald be desttoyed aud teplaced witb
soc|al|sm
Tbe ntst po|ut |u tbe Communist Manifesto :
Abolition of property in land and application of
all rents of land to public purposes. Today, tbe
fedetal govetumeut owus 772 m|ll|ou actes of
laud mote tbau ouetb|td of all laud iu tbe
Cout|ueutal Uu|ted States aud |u Alas|a aud
Hawa|| , aud tbe Keuuedy adm|u|sttatiou |s speud
|ug vast sams of tax mouey to eulatge tbe fedetal
laud boatd.
Wbat will tbe govetumeut do w|tb tbe laud ?
Tbete is au iu|l|ug of au auswet |u a Uuited
Ptess Iutetuat|oual uewsstoty ftom Wasb|ugtou,
pab!isbed |u tbe ]aly ), l )6l , |ssae of The Dallas
Times Herald:
"Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall
is concerned that federal lands may be blocking
growth and industrialization of metropolitan
areas.
"He has sent Congress proposed legislation
which would, among other things, allow the In
terior Department to lay out and subdivide fed
eral lands in he path of expanding areas.
"These lands would be made available for
direct sale or lease as individual sites or lots . . . .
"In all cases, lands to be developed would be
governed by a comprehensive land use plan to
be worked out in close cooperation with state
and local government agencies. Nonconforming
al
l
d substandard land uses would not be per
Itted. Performance bonds might be required

In some cases."
Tbete ate tbe laugaage aud tbe tbiu||ug of
tbe zouets aud plauuets of otbet people's l|ves.
If tbe govetumeut cau acqa|te tbe !aud aud tbeu
petm|t it to be developed ouly witbiu coufotm|ty
to tbe taste aud specifcatious of tbe Wasb|ugtou
bateaactacy, we cau bave tbe stat|, mouol|tb|c
agl|uess of staudatd|zed govetumeutal plauu|ug
ou a uatioual scale.
Tb|s |s a sly, bac|doot apptoacb to metto
politau govetumeut iu tbe Uuited States a
soc|alist plau to d|vide tbe uat|ou |uto a scote of
me:topolitau tegious wb|cb sptawl actoss fot
gotteu state boaudaty liues, aud wb|cb woald be
govetued by appoiuted expetts auswetable, uot
to local c|t|zeus, bat to tbe sapteme polit|cal
powet iu Wasbiugtou.
Wbete did sacb a soc|al|st plau ot|g|uate?
Read po|ut u|ue |u tbe Communist Manifesto :
Combination of agriculture with manufacturing
industries; gradual abolition of the distinction
between town and country, by a more e
q
uable dis
tribution of population over the country.
1tbau Reuewal, pabl|c boas|ug, aud tbe fed
etal b|gbway ptogtam ate eectively ptomot|ug
tbe plau to dispossess ptivate |ud|v|daals of tbe|t
!aud boldiugs, ttausfettiug owuetsbip eitbet to
some ageucy of govetumeut, ot to otbet ptivate
iud|v|daals wbo w|ll ase tbe laud |u coufotmity
w|tb tbe spec|fcat|ous aud couttols of omc|aldom.
Agt|caltate aud mauafactat|ug w|ll be combiued,
tbe fedetal govetumeut couttoll|ug all segmeuts
of labot, d|sttibatiug wot|ets accotdiug to a pat
tetu detetm|ued by Waso|ugtou expetts.
Tbis moutb, tbe Ptesideuts Appalacbiau Re
g|oual Comm|ss|ou fotmally ptoposed tbat tbe
fedetal govetumeut cootd|uate ecouom|c p!auu|ug
fot ateas of lu states iu tbe Appalacb|au tegiou,
tbat |t cteate local developmeut gtoaps aud
acqaite laud fot tbem by ase of emiueut doma|u,
if uecessaty, aud gaatautee tbe|t bouds , tbat it
patcbase ba!f iutetest iu local coopetatives to
acqa|te pt|vate t|mbet lauds aud couso!|date tbem
iuto latge t|mbetptodaciug aud ptodactmaua
factat|ug coops , tbat |t telocate tatal famil|es
iuto atbau ceutets , tbat it ttausfotm tbe ecouomy
of tbe wbole tegiou tbtoagb gtauts aud couttols.
Iu tbe l|gbt of tb|s Appalacb|au scbeme, aud
tbe !aud - ase plau oatliued by Sectetaty of tbe
Iutetiot Uda!l ( qaoted abovej , tetead Poiut ) of
tbe Communist Manifesto ( qaoted abovej , aud al
so tead Poiu:s 7 aud - of tbe Manifesto. Po|ut 7 :
Extension of factofies and instruments of produc
tion owned by the State, the bringing into cultiva
tion of waste lands, and the improvement of the
soil genefally in accofdance with a common plan;
Po|ut . Equal liability of all to labor. Establish-
Page 374
ment of industrial armies, especially for agricul
ture.
Po|ut . of tbe Communist Manifesto : A
heavy progressive or graduate income tax. Re
tead Advetse Iects of H|gb Taxes, beg|uu|ug
ou Page )6) of tb|s Report.
Po|ut ) of tbe Communist Manifesto : Aboli
tion of all right of inheritance. Cous|det tbe deatb
taxes |mposed by tbe fedetal govetumeut aud
by some state govetumeuts.
Po|ut of tbe Communist Manifesto : Central
ization of credit in the hands of the State, by means
of a national bank with State capital and an ex
clusive monopoly. Retead Dett|meutal Iects
of Iedetal Cted|t Ageuc|es, beg|uu|ug ou Page
)l of tb|s Report.
Po|ut 6 of tbe Communist Manifesto : Central
ization of the means of communication and trans
port in the hands of the State. Today, tbtee majot
meaus of ttauspott sb|pp|ug, ta|ltoads, aud a|t
l|ues ate audet sacb beavy sabs|d|es aud cou
ttols by fedetal ageuc|es ( aud so dom|uated by
au|ous euj oy|ug spec|al favot|t|sm of fedetal
laws j tbat tbey mast eveutaally become mete
btaucbes of tbe fedetal govetumeut. Tbe Ratal
Ilectt|ncat|ou Adm|u|sttat|ou's act|v|t|es |u fi
uauc|ug telepboue coopetat|ves, aud tbe Iedetal
Commau|cat|ous Comm|ss|ous act|v|t|es |u all
nelds of commau|cat|ous, ate ma||ug tbe com
mau|cat|ous |udastty a tool of tbe fedetal bateaac-
tacy.
Po|ut 4 of tbe Communist Manifesto : Con
fscation of the property of all emigrants and
rebels. Po|ut l u. Free education for all children in
public schools . . . .
Do They Know?
1u tbe Novembet 4 |ssae of tb|s Report, we
teptiutec au attic|e oy Coustautiue towu, sett|ug
oat |ufotmat|ou ftom a fotmet commau|st omc|al
to tbe eect tbat Kbtasbcbev, |u pasb|ug tbe com
mau|st ptogtam of wotld couqaest, expects belp,
uot oppos|t|ou, ftom tbe Uu|ted States Govetu
meut Iu tbe Novembet l l aud l |ssaes, we
tepotted |ufotmat|ou to sbow tbat commau|sm
aud soc|al|su ate toe same, aud to expla|u wby
tbete |s close amu|ty betweeu soc|al|sm aud l|bet
al|sm |u tbe Uu|ted States Iu tbe pteseut Report,
we bave tt|ed to |ud|cate oow fat we bave alteady
moved towatd a soc|al|st soc|ety
Tbe qaest|ou tema|us . do l|betal |eadets wbo
fostet fedetal ptogtams tbat ate soc|al|z|ug oat
uat|ou fally teal|ze wbat tbey ate do|ug? Some
of tbem may. Dat|ug a couvetsat|ou w|tb josepb
Sta||u at Yalta ou Iebtaaty 7, l )4, Ptes|deut
Itau|l|u D Roosevelt accotd|ug to omc|a|
uotes made by Coatles Bobleu.
" . . . mentioned that in the Soviet Union and
its various republics consideration had been given
to the problem of a country as a whole, and in
the United States the TVA had the same idea.
He mentioned that in the region of the TV A
electric current was sold at the same price
throughout the area . . . .
What To Do
e cau uevet stop oat elected aud ap-
po|uted fedetal ouc|als ftom plaudet|ug as aud
desttoy|ug oat Repabl|c aut|l we tepeal tbe |u
come tax ameudmeut aud ta|e tbe excess mouey
away itom tbem Beiote tbis cau be doue, we
mast elect a Cougtess ded|cated to coust:tat|oual
govetumeut.
Christmas Orders
b|s yeat, we bave oeted a spec|al Cbt|stmas
pt|ce ou Boaud Volame VIII. Tb|s Volame cou
ta|us all Reports pabl|sbed |u l )6. "uot l)6).
Tbe l)6) auuaal w|ll be Boaud Volume IX,
ava|lable |u Iebtaaty, l )64, aud uot sabj ect to
oat Cbt|stmas d|scoaut.
Aga|u, tbau|s to all wbo bave alteady doue
tbe|t Cbt|stmas soopp|ug w|tb as If yoa ueed
mote Cbt|stmas otdet fotms, please let as |uow.
Page 375
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) Dr. Ernest S. Griffith, Director of the Legislative Reference
Service, wrote a preface to the Library of Congress report, saying:
"In these chapters the Legislative Reference Service has responded
to the specific request made originally by Congressman Ralph
W. Gwinn, who was later j oi ned by sixteen other Congressmen,
to bring together available data, along with the opinions and
arguments of authorities and commentators, as to the adverse
effects of Governmental activity on the operation of the private
enterprise economy and the Federal system . . = .
"The chapters deal with a key problem in the development
of our country-the numerous examples of governmental cen
tralized activity in an increasing number of spheres and areas
of our economic and social life. They marshal evidence as to
hazards and pitfalls of such activities; their threats to traditional
and beneficial American ways; the restrictions upon and the
narrowing of, the sphere of individual freedom.
"It is important also to state clearly what this study is not.
It does not deal with the reasons-alleged or historical-which
have given rise to more and more numerous and more and more
intimate forms of governmental activity in the American economy.
It does not deal specifically with the germinal or accessory
effects of war and the large-scale defense efforts of our time.
It is not a report covering all the aspects of governmental
impact on the economy. While every precaution was taken to
assure the accuracy of the data included, no claim is made that
these data are complete or that they may not b countered
by arguments presented from other points of view.
"The extent of treatment and the focus of attention of the
various chapters were determined not by us but by the specific
questions raised by the inquirers. As a result, labor economics,
labor relations and social security are not dealt with at all,
while foreign trade, taxation and agriculture are treated less
extensively than reclamation, power development and gover
mental lending activities and housing.
"This report does not expressly or by implication present the
opinions of the Legislative Reference Service as to the merits
or demerits of the legislation underlying the questions asked. "
( 2 ) The condensations herein presented are briefs of a 3 5,000-
word condensation of the Library of Congress Report, published
in September, 1957, by Natioll's Business, 1 61 5 H Street, N. W. ,
Washington, D. C. 20006
( 3 ) In the 1957 fiscal year, the budgeted expenditures of the
federal government totaled 68 billion, 966 million dollars;
and our official national debt was 270 bi llion, 527 million
dollars. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, the budgeted
expenditures of the federal government will total 98 billion, 802
mi llion dollars; and our national debt will be 3 1 5 billion,
604 mi llion dollars. The Budget in Brief, 1 964 Fiscal Yem',
Bureau of the Budget, January 1 7, 1963. p. 62
( 4) Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx, with "Introduction" by
Stefan F. Possony, Gateway Edition, Henry Regnery Company,
14 East Jackson Blvd. , Chicago 4, I llinois, price 65c, pp. 36-7
( 5 ) For details of federal land acquisition, see this Repoft, "Con
fiscating The Land," July 29, 1 963; "Value of Federal Property
Exceeds Amount of U. S. Debt, Report Says," by Kim Willen
son, The Washington Post, January 1 6, 1963
(6) "Appalachian Area Agency That Coul d Sel l Bond Issues, Back
Development Units Discussed by Federal Officials," by Richard
F. Janssen, The Jr/all Street /oumal, November 1 3, 1963, p. 1 0
( 7) "Mr. Bohlen's Minutes of Meetings at Yalta," U. S, News &
World Report, March 2 5, 1955, p. 1 46
1940. In 1 941, he joined the faculty at Harvard U a Teach ing Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
In 1951 , Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum_ On Facts Forum radio and television
Page 376
M
Itl Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 48 (Broadcast 433) December 2, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
1 Hb bbb b N1 | LN
tu Novembet . l , l )6), Ptes|deut aud Mts. Keuuedy aud V|ce Ptes|deut aud Mts. Jobusou,
accompau|ed by Govetuot aud Mts. Couually aud otbet Texas po||t|cal ngates, a|des, aud mem
bets of tbe ptess, begau a toat of Texas.
Govetuot Couua|ly bad opposed tbe Texas toat, tb|u||ug |t pol|t|cal|y auw|se. Tbe Demo
ctat Patty |u Texas was |u gteat tatmo|l, totu by |utetual d|sseus|ou. A teceut spec|al elect|ou
bad tevealed astou|sb|ug Repabl|cau Patty stteugtb |u Dallas. Iact|ous aud petsoua||t|es of tbe
Democtat Patty, j oc|ey|ug fot pos|t:ou aud ptest|ge, wete blam|ug eacb otbet becaase Texaus
geuetally seemed to be |u a mood to tepad|ate uew ftout|et|sm at tbe pol|s |u tbe uext elect|ous.
Ne|tbet tbe gtow|ug stteugtb of cousetvat|sm uot tbe fact|oual stt|fe amoug l|betals |u tbe
Democtat Patty cteated auy spec|al danger fot tbe Ptes|deut |u Texas Tbete was uo exttaotd|
uaty aux|ety aboat b|s safety, bat Govetuot Couual|y d|d feel tbat a Keuuedy v|s|t at tb|s t|me
woald cteate mote aud deepet cleavages |u tbe tau|s of tbe Democtat Patty. ( 1)
Ptes|deut Keuuedy, bowevet, dec|ded to come to Texas as a peacema|et fot b|s owu pol|t|
cal patty.'
Tbe toat begau |u Sau Autou|o. Tbe ctowds wete latge, ft|eudly aud otdetly. It was tbe same
|u Hoastou aud |u Iott Wottb. Tbe ptes|deu|tal eutoatage att|ved at Iove I|eld, Dallas, at l . )
a.m. , It|day, Novembet . ., gteeted by a latge, ft|eud|y gatbet|ug of Dallas|tes. Tbe Ptes|deut aud
tbe Govetuot, aud tbe|t w|ves, got |uto au opeu l|moas|ue fot a patade tbtoagb Dallas. Tbe Ptes|
deut aud Mts. Keuuedy sat |u tbe teat seat, tbe Ptes|deut ou tbe t|gbt s|de. Ou j amp seats |u ftout
of tbem wete Govetuot aud Mts. Couually, tbe Govetuot d|tectly |u ftout of tbe Ptes|deut.
Tbe mototcade fotmed w|tb tbe ptes|deut|al cat immed|ately oeb|ud tbe lead cat, tbe V|ce
Ptes|deut aud otbet d|gu|tat|es aud membets of tbe ptess fo||ow|ug. It made a l .m|le dt|ve |u
to aud tbtoagb dowutowu Dallas, aloug a toate wb|cb bad beeu w|dely pabl|c|zed fot days
copy for 25; 6 for $1.0; 50 for $5. 50; 1 00 for $10. 00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Copyright by Dan Smoot, 1 963. Second class mail privilege authorized at Dallas, Texas.
Page 377
by stoties aud maps pab|isbed iu botb maj ot uews
papets. Tbe toate was liued by cbeetiug, ftieudly
people.
Aftet passiug tbtoagb dowutowu Dallas, tbe
mototcade made a |eft tatu ftom Hoastou Stteet
ou to Ilm Stteet. Tbe Texas Scbool Boo| De
positoty Baildiug is at tbat cotuet, to tbe tigbt
of tbe passiug mototcade. Au assassiu waited at
au opeu wiudow ou tbe sixtb noot of tbat seveu
stoty baildiug. He was atmed witb a 6 mm ,
o|d model, Italiaumade, boltactiou tine, a 4
powet scopesigbt moauted ou tbe teceivet. Pte
samab|y, at tbat secoud, be was loo|iug ditect|y
dowu ou tbe Ptesideut, bat did uot fte. Tbe ptesi
deutial cat moved aboat 1 00 yatds dowu Ilm
Stteet away ftom tbe baildiug. Mts. Couual|y
tatued iu bet seat aud said
"Mr. President, you can't say Dallas doesn't
love you! "
A splitsecoud latet 1 2 : 30 p. m. tbe as
sassiu nted tbtee sbots iu qaic| saccessiou. Tbe
ntst sbot appateutly bit Ptesideut Keuuedy iu
tbe uec|. He clatcbed bimself aud pattially tose,
as tbe secoud sbot sttac| bim iu tbe bead, iunict
iug tbe mottal woaud.
As Govetuot Couually tatued to see wbat bad
bappeued, tbe tbitd sbot ftom tbe assassiu's gau
sttac| bim iu tbe bac|, ttavetsed tbe cbest atea
witboat eutetiug tbe body cavity, spliuteted a
tib, emetged, sttac| tbe Govetuot s tigbt wtist,
ticocbeted, aud lodged iu tbe Govetuots lef|
tbigb. Had tbe Govetuot uot tatued, tbe ballet
woa|d ptooaoly bave pietced bis beatt.
Tbe mototcade momeutatily slowed dowu, al
most to a balt, befote a Sectet Setvice ageut iu
tbe Ptesideut s cat gave otdets ovet tbe cat tadio
to ptoceed to tbe ueatest bospital Tbe lead cat
|auged fotwatd at bigb speed, swaug outo Stem
mous Iteeway a few yatds abead, aud tasbed te
CityCoauty Hospital, |uowu as Pat|laud Mem
otial, tbe Ptesideuts cat fol|owiug close, tbe te
maiudet of tbe mototcade ttailiug Ou tbe way,
tbey passed tbe Ttade Matt, wbete a ctowd was
waitiug to beat tbe Ptesideut ma|e a |aucbeou
speecb.
Tbe Ptesideut' s cat attived at tbe bospital at
1 2 : ), five miuates aftet tbe sbootiug. Tbe Gov
etuot, stil| couscioas, belped move bimself to a
sttetcbet He was ta|eu to oue emetgeucy toom,
tbe Ptesideut to auotbet Two ptiests, wbo bad
beeu watcbiug tbe patade ou televisiou, tasbed to
Pat|laud aud wete admitted sbottly aftet tbe
Ptesideuts attival. Tbey admiuisteted tbe |ast tites
of tbe Romau Catbo|ic Cbatcb. At 1 : 30 p. m ,
it was ocial|y auuoauced tbat tbe Ptesideut was
dead.
Vice Ptesideut jobusou |eft a|most immediately
fot tbe aitpott At 2 : OS p m , Mts Keuuedy fol
|owed iu a beatse beatiug tbe body of tbe Ptesi
deut. Tbe body, iu a btouze cas|et, was pat ou
tbe ptesideutial plaue at Iove Iie|d. Ou tbe plaue,
befote ta|eon, Iedetal jadge Satab T. Hagbes
admiuisteted tbe ptesideutial oatb of oce to
Iyudou B. jobusou.
At 2 4 p.m. , Ait Iotce l left Iove Iield fot
Audtews Ait Iotce Base ueat Wasbiugtou. Ait
Iotce 1 is tbe special ptesideutial p|aue, a big
silvetblaeaud wbite j et.
At Pat|laud Hospital, Govetuot Couually te
maiued ou tbe ctitical list wbile audetgoiug sat
gety fot foat boats He tespouded well aud was
expected to be teleased ftom tbe bospital witbiu
l4 days, witboat siguiicaut tesidaal eects ftom
bis woauds.
At tbe sceue of tbe ctime sevetal spectatots
|ad loolec ao |u time to see t|e matdet weapou
ptoj ectiug ftom a wiudow. Tbe baildiug was
qaic|ly sattoauded by atmed ocets Otbets, witb
gaus dtawu, seatcbed iuside. Imployees of tbe
Texas Scboo| Boo| Depositoty wete ou tbeit
laucb boat, most of tbem oatside watcbiug tbe
patade. Oue of tbe police ocets wbo seatcbed
iuside tbe baildiug was accompauied by R. S.
Ttaly, a sapetvisot of tbe boo| depositoty ntm.
Tbey eucoauteted Iee Hatvey Oswald, wal|iug
towatd au euttauce, to |eave tbe baildiug. Tbe
ocet asled wbo be was. Mt. Ttaly said Oswald
Page 378
wot|ed tbete. He was petmitted to leave.
Ou tbe sixtb noot, at au opeu w|udow ovet
loo|iug Ilm Stteet, pol|ce ocets foaud tbe
suipets uest coucealed ftom tbe test of tbe
latge stotage toom by cattous of boo|s. Au im
ptovised gautest was at tbe wiudow sill. Ou tbe
noot wete tbtee empty t| fle catttidges, tbe te
ma|us of a pac|aged ftiedcbic|eu laucb, aud
a softdt|u| bottle. Neat tbe doot lead|ug iuto
a sta|twell ou tbe s|xtb noot, actoss tbe latge
toom ftom tbe su|pet's w|udow, ocets foaud a
t|ne, staed audet some boxes.
Notmally, ouly employees woald bave access
to tbe sixtb noot of tbis ba|ld|ug, ot woald |uow
tead|ly bow to teacb |t. Tbe wbole noot is ased as
dead s:otage, aud eveu employees iufteqaeutly
go tbete.
Tbese citcamstauces led police to couc|ade tbat
all employees ou daty tbat day sboa|d be exam
|ued immediately. All wete soou located, except
Iee Hatvey Oswald. A desctiptiou aud attest
otdet wete btoadcast.
At 1 : 00 p m , Mts Iatleue Robetts, boase
keepet of a toom|ug boase at 1 026 N. Beckley
Aveuae, saw Iee Hatvey Oswa|d dasb tbtoagb tbe
liv|ug toom, |uto bis owu toom, tbeu leave tbe
boase |u gteat baste, bav|ug cbauged ackets iu
b|s toom Oswald ( as|ug tbe alias, O H. Ieej
bad l|ved aloue |u a small toom at tbis toomiug
boese fot two moutbs. Tbe p|ace is iu tbe Oak
C|iff sectiou of Dallas, less tbau a mi|e west of
tbe sceue of tbe assassiuatiou
At 1 : 1 5 p. m. , Oucet j. D. Tippit, cta|siug iu
a po||ce cat ueat Oswald s Beckley Aveuae toom
|ug boase, ou tbe loo|oat fot au assass|u saspect
wbose desctiptiou bad beeu btoadcast, saw Os
wald Mts. Heleu Mat|bam, au eyewituess, sa|d
tbat Oucet Tippit palled b|s cat to tbe catb.
Oswa|d wa||ed to tbe cat aud leaued iu tbe
w|udow. Oucet T|pp|t got oat aud wal|ed
atoaud bebiud tbe cat. jast as be stepped ou tbe
sidewalk fac|ug Oswald, Tipp|t stopped. At tbat
iustaut, Oswald nted tbtee sbots ftom a baud
gau, at po|uto|auk tauge, k|l||ug Omcet 1|pp|t
iustautly.
At 1 : 1 8 p m. , a passetby ased tbe police tad|o
|u Tippit s sqaad cat to uotify police beadqaattets
tbat au ou.cet was lyiug tbete dead aud tbat tbe
assailaut bac tau away. Sqaad cats couvetged ou
tbe place. Meauwbile, po|ice wete tece|viug ua
metoas calls tbat a mau was tauu|ug wildly
tbtoagb tbe sect|ou ( teload|ug b|s gau as be tauj ,
catt|ug tbtoagb pat|iug lots, datt|ug iu aud oat
of stotes.
W|tb sacb leads, police fol|owed tbe ttail to
tbe Texas Tbeatte ou West j eetsou Aveuae,
wbete tbe casbiet tepotted tbat a mau bad tau iu
a few momeuts befote aud was st|ll iuside.
Ou a postet ad at tbe tbeatte euttauce was tbis
motto.
"There are some things that only the people
that do them understand."
Iuside, au old nlm, War Is Hell
}
was ou tbe
scteeu. Tbe tbeatte was almost desetted. Oswald
s
t a|oue, ueat tbe back. Ocets couvetged ou

b:m. Wbeu oue was iu teacb, Oswald leaped ap,
scteam|ug, Tbis is |t' It s all ovet uow' '' Witb
oue baud, be bit tbe ocet |u tbe face. Witb tbe
otbet, be dtew bis gau aud palled tbe ttigget. Tbe
nt|ug piu fell ou a loaded catttidge, bat tbe
gau did uot nte. Tbe oucet wteucbed tbe gau
ftom Oswa|ds baud. Oswald foagbt violeut|y,
aud saeted m|uot face btaises befote be was
sabdaed.
At 2 : 00 p. m. , Oswald, audet attest, denautly
c|aimiug iuuoceuce, aud ptotestiug police bta
tal|ty, attived at Dallas police beadqaattets
wbete be was latet cbatged witb tbe matdet of
Oucet Tippit.
Jast befote m|du|gbt ou It|day, Novembet
22, Iee Hatvey Oswald was fotma|ly cbatged
witb tbe matdet of Ptesideut Keuuedy. Tbe cit
camstautial aud positive ev|deuce agaiust bim-
available at tbe time of tbis wtitiug.
( 1 ) Ou Matcb 20, 1 963, Iee Hatvey Oswald,
asiug tbe alias A. Hidell, aud a Dallas Post Ouce
box uambet fot au addtess, otdeted a tifle ( fot
$12. 78) ttom a ma|| order uoese in Chicago. FBI
expetts ideutined tbe baudwt|tiug ou tbe gau
Page 379
otdet as tbe baudwtitiug of Oswald Tbe gau
was latet ideutifed as tbe weapou wbicb police
foaud iu tbe boo| wateboase
( z j Ballistic examiuatious ideutifed tbe gau
foaud iu tbe wateboase as tbe tine wbicb |illed
Ptesideut Keuuedy aud woauded Govetuot Cou
ually.
( ) j Oswald s fugetptiuts wete foaud ou tbe
matdet weapou.
( 4j Pictates foaud iu Oswald s eects sbowed
bim boldiug a tine wbicb loo|s exactly li|e tbe
assassius weapou, aud weatiug iu bis belt a
baud gau wbicb loo|s li|e tbe oue iu bis posses
siou at tbe time of attest. Iu tbe pbotogtapbs
Oswald is boldiug papets ou wbicb ate visible tbe
wotds Be Militaut aud Tbe Wot|et.
( j A pataiu test tevealed gau powdet nec|s
ou Oswald s cbee|, wbicb is ptesamptive evi
deuce tbat be bad teceutly fted a tine. Tbe
powdet flec|s wete ideutical iu |iud witb powdet
nec|s iu tbe empty catttidges aud gau foaud
iu tbe boo| wateboase.
( 6j Siuce Septembet 24, l )6), Oswald s wife
( Matiua Nicbolaevua Ptoosa|ovaj bas beeu liv
iug at itviug, Texas, iu tbe bome of Mts. Ratb
Paiue, a fotmet Rassiau laugaage teacbet. Os
wald lived iu Dallas, visitiug bis wife aud two
cbildteu at itviug ou wee|euds. He got bis j ob as
a stoc| clet| at tbe Texas Scbool Boo| Depositoty
ou Octobet l , l)6. Mts. Oswald admitted tbat
Oswald owued a gau tbat loo|ed li|e tbe oue
foaud iu tbe scbool boo| wateboase He |ept it
iu tbe gatage at Mts. Paiues bome iu Itviug
wbete Mts. Oswald lived. Mts. Paiue was uot
awate of tbe gau
Oswald speut Tbatsday uigbt, Novembet 2 1 ,
witb bis wife iu Itviug ( altboagb be asaally
visited bet tbete oul y ou wee|euds j . Wbeu
Oswald weut to wot| iu Dallas ou Itiday motu
iug, Wesley B. Itaziet (a ueigbbot of Mts Paiuej
gave bim a tide. Oswald was cattyiug a loug,
tbiu pac|age ( aboat tbe size of a tinej wtapped
|u btowu papet. He to|d Itaz|et |t was a pac|age
of wiudow sbades.
( 7 ) Oswalc s palm ptiuts wete foaud ou boxes
audet tbe sixtbnoot wiudow ftom wbicb tbe
sbots wete fted
( 8) A bas dtivet ideutifed Oswald as a mau
wbo boatded bis bas ueat tbe wateboase, sayiug
tbe Ptesideut bad beeu sbot, aud laagbiug aboat
it. Oswald tode oue bloc|. Wbeu be left tbe
bas, be bailed a cab. A cab dtivet ideutifed
Oswald as a mau be pic|ed ap a bloc| ftom tbe
assassiuatiou sceue, a few miuates aftet tbe eveut,
aud dtove to Bec|ley Aveuae
( )j Amoug Oswald s eects, police foaud
a map of tbe Ptesideut s patade toate tbtoagb
Dallas Vatioas iutetsectious ou tbe toate wete
mat|ed, amoug tbem tbe iutetsectiou at Ilm aud
Hoastou wbete tbe scbool boo| wateboase stauds.
Iiues dtawu ou tbe map at tbis poiut appeated
to be estimates of ballet ttaj ectoty ftom au appet
wiudow iu tbe baildiug to tbe spot ou Ilm Stteet
wbete tbe Ptesideut was actaally bit.
1 ot almost 48 boats aftet bis attest, Oswald
maiutaiued bis sueetiug, sometimes gtiuuiug, pos
tate of iuuoceuce claimiug tbat bis civil tigbts
wete beiug violated, demaudiug tbat be be pet
mitted to commauicate witb lawyet jobu ]. Abt
iu New Yot| City ( a uototioas defeudet oi com
mauists j . clamotiug to be defeuded by tbe
Ameticau Civil Iibetties Uuiou oi wbicb be
claimed to be a membet. Iu sbott, Oswald be
baved exactly li|e tbe commauist tbat be admitted
be|ug He told tbe pol|ce uotbiug oi valae
Amoug police ocets qaestiouiug Oswald
wete some oi tbe fuest law ocets iu tbe wotld,
bat tbey wete wot|iug audet sevete baudicaps.
Iitetally tboasauds oi people wete milliug
atoaud, baudteds of tbem witb access to vittaally
all patts of tbe j ail Sectet Setvice ageuts, IBi
meu, State omcets, uewspapet tepottets, tadio
aud televisiou commeutatots aud cametameu Tbe
Dallas city j ail is uot eqaipped fot ecieut bau
dliug aud iutettogatiou of sacb a ptisouet as Os
wald, audet sacb couditious.
Police coald uot move tbe pt|souet itom oue
toom to auotbet witboat fotciug tbeit way
Page 380
tbtoagb clamotiug ctowds iu tbe cottidots Tbe
police, ttyiug to baudle tbe most diucalt aud
impottaut case of all time, bad to wot| witb tbe
eutite wotld loo|iug ovet tbeit sboaldets, |uow
iug evety step tbey too|, evety step tbey plauued,
evety developmeut iu tbe accamalatiou of evi
deuce.
tf all tbe people wbo baug atoaud tbe police
depattmeut to watcb aud listeu, tbe mau wbo bad
tbe most batuiug tbitst to beat aud see was ]ac|
Rabeusteiu, alias ]ac| Raby, a local police cbatac
tet wbo came to Dallas ftom Cbicago l yeats
ago aud wbo opetates tbe Catoasel, a sttiptease
uigbtclab beet oiut iu dowutowu Dallas Witb
iu tbitty miuates aftct Oswald was ftst btoagbt
to police beadqaattets, ]ac| Rabeusteiu was tbete,
as|iug qaestious, pic|iug ap evety ftagmeut of
iufotmatiou aboat tbe evideuce agaiust Oswald,
aboat wbat be bad told police.
Rabeusteiu ctasbed ptess coufeteuces wbicb
ouly acctedited tepottets wete sapposed to at
teud He seemed fotevet audetfoot Nametoas
local tepottets aud police oucets wbo |uow tbe
mau uoticed bim aud woudeted wby be was
tbete. Ivetyoue seemed to assame tbat someoue
else bad aatbotized Rabeusteiu s pteseuce, witb
oat time to tenect ou tbe absatdity of sacb au
assampt|ou
Oswald was scbedaled fot ttausfet ftom city
j ail to coauty j ail ou Sauday, Novembet .4. Tbe
ptecise time of tbe ttausfet bad beeu auuoauced
at a ptess coufeteuce mote tbau l . boats befote
(oue of tbe ptess coufeteuces wbicb Rabeusteiu
ctasbed\ Iu tbe temoval of Oswald ftom tbe city
j ail, police wete, agaiu, baudicapped by tbeit
pbysical facilities It is impossible to bac| au
atmoted cat to tbe doot of tbe elevatot wbicb
couuects tbe city ball basemeut gatage witb tbe
j ail apstaits. Tbe atmoted cat, iuteuded to ttaus
pott Oswald to coauty jail, was placed at au eu
ttauce to tbe basemeut gatage Tbat left au iu
tetval of sevetal yatds, betweeu tbe elevatot auJ
tbe cat Police woald bave to wal| Oswald actoss
tbat space Btoadcast aud uewspapet cametameu
ftom all ovet tbe wotld j ammed tbe basemeut
atea j ast befote uoou ou Sauday, waitiug to
get pictates. Ouly acctedited tepottets aud police
wete sapposed to be tbete
Somebow, ]ac| Rabeusteiu wotmed bis way
iuto tbe ctowd At l l .l a m , tbe elevatot doot
opeued aud sevetal omcets emetged, two of tbem
boldiug Iee Hatvey Oswald, baudcaed, betweeu
tbem. Rabeusteiu datted fotwatd, stac| a small
baud gau almost agaiust Oswald's stomacb, aud
fted oue sbot Rabeusteiu ttied despatately to
sboot agaiu, obvioasly detetmiued to |ill Oswald
ou tbe spot, bat police got bis gau befote be
coald fte auotbet sbot
Oswald was tasbed to Pat|laud Memotial Hos
pital. He died at l 07 p.m. , ueat tbe spot wbete
Ptesideut Keuuedy bad died 4 boats befote.
titcamstauces taise a sttoug ptesamptiou tbat
tbete was a couuectiou betweeu Oswald aud Rab
eusteiu aud tbat Rabeusteiu |illed tbe assassiu to
sileuce bim.
( l j Iu tbe fual boats of Oswald s stay iu
Dallas city j ail, be bad begau to sbow sigus of
btea|iug, as be was couftouted witb evideuce
piliug ap agaiust bim. Ixpetieuced petsous at
city ball felt cettaiu be woald coufess aud tell
wbat be |uew, aftet be was ttausfetted to coauty
j ail, wbete bettet facilities woald euable ocets
to wot| witb tbe ptisouet aud tbe evideuce, audet
less batassmeut Rabeusteiu auqaestiouably |uew
aooat tbis auticipated developmeut iu tbe case.
Rabeusteiu was familiat witb pbysical facilities
iu tbe city ai l . be |uew wbete police mast wal|
tbe ptisouet ftom elevatot to atmoted cat Wbat
evet Rabeusteiu s motive may bave beeu, be cet
taiuly |uew tbat bis ouly cbauce to |ill Oswald
woald occat iu tbat btief passage iu tbe basemeut
of city ball If Rabeusteiu's motive was to sileuce
Oswald, be had to do it befote Oswald teacbed
tbe atmoted cat Aftet tbat, Oswald woald bave
beeu iu maximam secatity coufiuemeut at coauty
j ail wbete be was expected to statt tal|iug
( . j Ptesamiug tbat tbe motive was to sileuce
Oswald befote be coald tal|, wby woald Rabeu
steiu opeuly commit a matdet to avoid tbe pos
sibility of beiug implicated iu auotbet matdet ?
Page 381
Rabeuste|u woa|d |uow toat auyoue foaud gailty
of |uvolvemeut |u toe deato of a Ptesideut woalc
d|e, iu disgtace. If oe |illed toe assassiu aud toeu
oeted toe defeuse toat oe acted ittatioua||y
totoago au excess of gt|ef aboat toe Ptes|deut s
matdet aud toe Ptesideuts beteaved fami|y, oe
stood a good coauce to get a l|got seuteuce wo|co
m|got soou be followed by patdou ot, eveu, to
get uo ptisou seuteuce at a|l.
( ) j Oue telev|s|ou pictate of toe soootiug of
Oswald oas beeu tetau, |u staggeted s|ow mot|ou,
poss|bly ou a|l uetwot|s, sevetal t|mes. Toe p|c
tate c|eatly tevea|s toat, iu toe sp|itsecoud oefote
Rabeuste|u pa|led toe ttigget, Oswa|d tatued aud
loo|ed at ois apptoacoiug assa||aut. Mauy woo
oave stadied toat temat|able p|ctate ate cetta|u
toete was a naso of tecogu|t|ou ou Oswald s face
woeu oe saw Rabeuste|u
( 4j |ac| Rabys Catoasel Clab iu Dallas was
c|osed |udefu|tely ou It|day, aftet toe Ptesideut s
assassiuatiou. B||| Ctowe of Ivausvi|le, Iud|aua
(a uigotclab eutetta|uet woose stage uame is Bill
DeMatj , oad ast completed two wee|s of a fve
wee| eugagemeut at Raby s Catoase|. DeMat's
act at toe Catoasel d|sp|ayed a feat of memoty.
He woald as| 20 castomets |u toe place to uame
vat|oas obects, |u tapid otdet. Toeu, at taudom.
DeMat woald te|l eaco oue woat obj ect oe oad
uamed. DeMat, a memoty spec|a|ist, |s pos|t|ve
toat Iee Hatvey Oswald was oue of toe pattous
woo uamed au ob ect fot DeMat dat|ug o|s act
at Raby's Catoase| |u Dallas, a iew 1ays befote
toe assass|uat|ou of Ptes|deut Keuuedy.
Motives
oe ftst ocia| commeut ftom commauist
Rass|a, aboat toe assass|uatiou of Ptes|deut Keu
uedy, came ftom Tass, omc|al uews ageucy of toe
Sov|et Uu|ou. Tass said toe assassiuatiou was toe
wot| of tac|sts, toe Ka Klax Klau, aud B|tco
|sts. Iu a secoud att|cle, Tass said toe assassiua
t|ou was a uew liu| iu toe coa|u of ct|mes com
m|tted by soatoetu tac|sts aud exttemists. ' ''
Aboat toe same t|me ou toe day oi toe assass|ua
tiou, Co|ef Jast|ce Iatl Watteu sa|d toe Ptesi
deut was assassiuated as a tesa|t of toe oatted
aud bittetuess toat oas beeu iu ected |uto toe
|ife of oat uat|ou by b|gots. ' Toe peop|e woom
Iatl Watteu geuetal|y calls oatets aud bigots
ate Amet|cau coust|tat|oual cousetvat|ves.
Ptactical|y evety libeta| iu toe Uuited States,
woo was qaoted dat|ug toe ftst ooat ot two aftet
toe Ptesideuts assass|uat|ou, oiued Sov|et omc|als
aud Co|ef Jast|ce Iatl Watteu |u assam|ug toat
Amet|cau cousetvatives (wo|co | |beta|s asaa|ly
ca|l t|gotw|ug exttem|sts, t|gotwiug fauat
|cs, ot alttat|gotists j wete ga|lty.
^ftet |t became |uowu toat toe assass|u was
a commau|st, toe toue coauged a b|t. Some libetals
veeted to toe pos|tiou woico cousetvatives oad
ta|eu at toe oatsetuamely, toat toe assass|uat|ou
was a oott|ble, meau|ugless act of v|oleuce by
some madmau, au act wo|co coa|d occat auy
woete at auy t|me, aud wo|co sooald uot be ta|eu
as tenect|ug auy politica| mood ot coud|t|ou iu
Da||as ot e|sewoete.
Otoet libetals, uo louget |u posit|ou to accase
cousetvat|ves of |||l|ug toe Ptes|deut, |ept |u
s|uaat|ug toat cousetvat|ves wete tespous|ole fot
cteat|ug au atmospoete of oate aud disttast -
au atmospoete woico uoat|soes violeuce. Tois was
toe l|ue toat Iatl Watteu too|, aftet |t became
|uowu toat toe assass|u was uot a tigotw|ug
b|got, bat a commau|st.
Toe commau|st ||ue |u toe Uu|ted States aud
iu toe Sov|et Uu|ou veeted to toe pos|t|ou toat
tigotwiug elemeuts oad someoow attauged toe
assass|uat|ou |u otdet to d|sctedit commau|sts.
Toe Iast Getmau commau|st govetumeut sa|d
toat alttateact|ouaty c|tcles |ust|gated toe mat
det of Ptes|deut Keuuedy becaase toey did uot
| ||e o|s po||cy towatd toe Soviet Uu|ou aud o|s
attitade towatd tac|alists. ' ''
toucetu|ug toe atmospoete of polit|cal tat
mo| | ptevaleut |u Texas at toe t|me of toe assas
s|uat|ou. it was meutioued at toe oatset of to|s
Report, aud sooald be teempoas|zed, toat Texas
cousetvat|ves ( toe soca||ed a|ttat|got|sts , oad
uoto|ug to do w|to cteatiug toat atmospoete. It
Page 382
was cteate1 by b|ttetuess au1 batte1s w|tb|u tbe
tau|s of tbe Democtat Patty cb|efly, amoug
l |betal e|emeuts of tbe Patty. It sboald a|so be
te-empbas|ze1 tbat tb|s pol|t|ca| b|ttetuess |u
Texas, eugeudeted by l|oetals, bad uotb|ug to do
w|tb tbe matdet of tbe Ptes|deut.
Iveu aftet |t became |uowu tbat tbe assass|u
was a commau|st, mauy tboagbtfal cousetvat|ves
felt tbat tbe assass|uat|ou m|gbt be uotb|ug mote
tbau au |solate1 act oy a fauat|c, opetat|ug a|oue
aud w|tboat teasou. Tbe Rabeuste|u seqael pats
a 1|eteut complex|ou ou tbe mattet. lt ta|ses tbe
ptesampt|ou tbat tbete was a plot, |u wb|cb Os
wal1 au1 Rabeuste|u wete cbeap, expeu1able
tools at tbe commaud of otbets.
If tbe assass|uat|ou was tbat ||ud of plot, wbo
|s tbe most l||ely saspect ? Tbe fotces of |utet
uat|oual commau|sm? Tbat seems aul||ely. As
|ud|cated by tbe qaotat|ou ( abovej ftom tbe Iast
Getmau commau|st govetumeut ( aud ftom ua
metoas otbet statemeuts by commau|sts, set oat |u
tb|s Report dat|ug teceut moutbs j , commau|sts
felt tbey coal1 get aloug oettet w|tb Ptes|1eut
Keuuedy tbau w|tb auy otbet Amet|cau wbo
m|gbt become Ptes|deut. Tbete |s, bowevet, spec
alat|ou tbat tbe |utetuat|oua| commau|st cou
sp|tacy |ust|gated tbe assass|uat|ou of Ptes|deut
Keuuedy, uot becaase commau|sts d|sl||ed b|m,
bat to ma|e a mattyt of b|m, calcalat|ug tbat tbe
eusa|ug tatmo|l woal1 balt tbe t|s|ug t|de of cou
setvaosm aud s|leuce ct:tics of uew ftout|et
po||c|es wb|cb commau|sts ate cleatly ou tecotd
as apptov|ug We w|l| d|scass tb|s exttaotd|uaty
tbeoty |u a sabseqaeut Report.
1u a sabseqaeut Report} we w|ll also g|ve 1e
ta||s ou tbe ||fe of tbe late assass|u |uclad|ug
sacb |utetest|ug |tems as tbe tepott tbat tbe State
Depattmeut !eut b|m Amet|cau tax mouey to te
tatu to tbe Uu|ted States ftom Rass|a, aftet be
bad defected to tbe Sov|et Uu|ou aud teooauced
b|s Amet|cau c|t|zeusb|p, aud tbe fact tbat tbe
ptoCastto Ia|t Play Iot Caoa ftout wb|cb Os
wald tepteseuted was ot|g|ually fuauced |u New
Yot| C|ty oy Caoau delegates to tbe Uu|ted
Nat|ous
The I nterim
b|le tbe uat|ou |s |u emot|oual tatmo|l ovet
tbe assass|uat|ou, two daugets ate |mm|ueut
( l , tbat coosetvat|ves, w|uc|ug ovet ehotts to
olame tbem fot tbe Ptes|deuts deatb aud tbas
te|actaut to assoc|ate tbemselves w|tb auytb|ug
tbat eveu smac|s of ct|t|c|sm of tbe uowmattyted
Ptes|1eut, may lose beatt aud slac|eu tbe|t eotts ,
( . j tbat Cocgtess, |u a seut|meutal stampede to
ma|e a gestate to tbe memoty of Ptes|deut Keu
ue1y, may apptove uew ftout|et |eg|slat|ou wb|cb
progr, Smoot spoke to a national audience, giving both sides of controversial issues.
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Page 383
betetofote ba1 little cbauce of passiug Iu tbis
couuectiou, tbe people sboal1 atge Cougtess to
a1oatu autil a uew Cougtess couveues uext Jaua
aty. Uu1et pteseut cou1itious, witb tbis Cougtess
iu uo positiou to |egis|ate seusib|y, uo a11itioua|
legislatiou is a1visable.
R R R R R
Officer Tippit
A few boats aftet tbe assassiuatiou of Ptesi
1eut Keuue1y, J Ivetts Haley, St , uote1 Texas
bistotiau, visite1 me He uotice1, wbat I ba1 ob
setve1, tbat, wbile tbe wotl1 sympatbize1 witb tbe
Keuue1y family, uo oue, at tbat momeut, seeme1
to tbiu| of Oacet J D Tippit, slaiu iu liue of
1aty, by tbe same assassiu Oacet Tippit, age 39,
left a wife au1 tbtee cbil1teu wbo will uee1
belp. Mt Haley wtote a cbec| to tbe J D Tippit
Iau1, au1 maile1 it to Jesse Catty, Da|las Cbief
of Police, sayiug be waute1 to 1o tbis uot ouly
to belp tbe Tippit family, bat a|so as a ttibate to
tbe btave |aw oucets of Texas. Sima|taueoasly,
otbet eotts wete iuitiate1 iu Dallas to taise
mouey fot tbe Tippit fami|y.
I meutiou tbese 1etails, becaase I bave ba1
calls ftom petsous wbo waut to seu1 cbec|s to
me fot tbe T|ppit family Cbec|s sboa|1 be ma1e
to tbe J D Tippit Iau1 au1 seut 1itectly to tbe
Dal|as Police Depattmeut
FOO'NOTES
( 1 ) "Connal l y Wanted President To Call Off Trip to Texas," by
Al len Duckworth, The DallaJ Moring NewJ, November 23,
1 963, Section 4, p. 5
( 2 ) "Politics That Brought Kennedy to Texas," by Margaret Mayer,
The DallaJ TimeJ Herald, November 24, 1 963, p. I DA
( 3 ) "Mrs. Connally Says Husband Past Peril, " by Wick Fowler,
The DallaJ Momilg NewJ, November 25, 1 963, Section 4, p. 1
( 4) The DallaJ MOfllilg NewJ, November 23, 1 963, Section 1 ,
pp. 1 , 2 ; Section 4, p . 1
( 5 ) "Oswald Linked to Mai l-Order Rifle," by George Carter, The
Dalla TimeJ Herald, November 24, 1 963, pp. lA, 3A
( 6) UPI dispatch from Moscow, The DallaJ Morning NewJ, Novem
ber 23, 1 963, Section 1 , p. 1
( 7 ) AP dispatch from Washington, The DallaJ Morning NewJ, No
vember 23, 1963, Section 1, p. 6
( 8 ) AP dispatch from Moscow, The DallaJ Moming N CUJ, Novem
ber 25, 1 963, Section 1, p. 5
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Iti Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 49 (Broadcast 434) December 9, 1 963 Dallas, Texas ,
b1kNbk N 1Hb k N 51
DAN SMOOT
Ptesideut Jobu F. Keuuedy was matdeted by a commauist iu Dallas. Dallasites, botb lib
etal aud cousetvative, wete mote completely tbaudetsttac| by tbe ctime tbau auy otbet people iu
tbe wotld, becaase mauy wete actaal eyewituesses , all bad a feeliug of closeuess to tbe deed. Yet,
all ovet tbe wotld, Dallasites wete accased of batemougetiug fauaticism, of baviug molded tbe
twisted miud of Iee Hatvey Oswald, a sttauget iu tbeit midst.
1ee Hatvey Oswald was botu iu New Otleaus, Ioaisiaua, Octobet 18, 1 939. His fatbet died
befote be was botu. His motbet wot|s as a ptactical uatse. ( 1)
A patt of bis boybood was speut iu Fott Wottb, Texas, wbete be weut to pablic scbools. iu
1953, be aud bis motbet moved to New Yot| Oswald atteuded a j auiot bigb scbool iu tbe Btoux
fot a few wee|s. He was attested fot ttaaucy aud giveu a psycbiattic examiuatiou. Psycbiattists
tecommeuded tbat be be committed, sayiug be was a poteutially daugetoas scbizopbteuic. He was
uot committed. He aud bis motbet also lived btiefly iu Nottb Dakota.
Oswald said be became iutetested iu matxism wbeu be was 1 5 , aftet teadiug a pampblet aboat
Jalias aud Itbel Roseubetg ( Ameticau commauists, execated as spies ) .
Iu 1 956, at tbe age of 1 7, Oswald eutolled as a ftesbmau iu Atliugtou Heigbts Higb Scbool,
Iott Wottb. He dtopped oat aftet 23 days, aud j oiued tbe Matiue Cotps. lu boot camp, be
qaalifed as sbatpsbootet ou tbe tine tauge, bat be uevet adj asted to life iu tbe Matiues, as be
uevet adj asted to life auywbete else. He was fotevet iu ttoable He setved iu tbe Pbilippiues aud
iu Japau as a tadat opetatot, witb tbe tauk of Ptivate Fitst Class. He was twice coattmattia|ed
wbile iu ]apau. tbe ftst time fot catty|ug au auteg|steted pistol , tbe secoud time, fot sweatiug at
a uoucommissioued ocet.
No rprouctions permitte.
Page 385
Claimiug tbat bis motbet was ill aud ueeded
bis belp, be applied fot, aud teceived, a batdsbip
discbatge ftom tbe Matiues iu Septembet, l )),
aud was assigued to tbe Matiue Cotps iuactive
Resetve, bat iustead of goiug bome to bis motbet,
be boatded a sbip fot tbe Soviet Uuiou, witb
sl 6uu be bad somebow acqaited. Tbis was a
move be bad beeu ptepatiug fot datiug bis last
two yeats |u tbe Matiues. He attived iu Moscow
ou Octobet l , l)), aud told Ameticau tepottets
tbete tbat it was li|e gettiug oat of ptisou. Soou
aftet bis attival, be petitioued tbe Sapteme Soviet
fot Soviet citizeusbip.
Altboagb Rassiau ocials watued bim tbat
Soviet citizeusbip was uot easy to obtaiu, Oswald
tefetted to tbe Soviet govetumeut as my govetu
meut' aud said eveu if I am uot accepted, ou uo
accoaut w|ll I go bac| to tbe Uuited States. '' ''
Ou Octobet u, l )), be weut to tbe Ameticau
Imbassy iu Moscow to teuoauce bis Ameticau
citizeusbip He told ocials be was a matxist. ( 1)
Ou Novembet ., l)), Oswald fotmally as|ed
tbe U. S. Govetumeut to tevo|e bis citizeusbip.
He sigued au adavit statiug.
"I afrm that my allegiance IS to the Soviet
Socialist Republic. "( 3)
Oswald was bittet becaase tbe Uuited States
Cousal iu Moscow saggested tbat be tbiu| ovet'
bis decisiou to ta|e au oatb teuoauciug Ameticau
citizeusbip He tatued iu bis passpott to Imbassy
ocials aud left, sayiug be woald let tbe Soviet
govetumeut baudle legal details wbeu, aud if, be
became a citizeu of tbe Soviet Uuiou
Upou beatiug of Oswald s defectiou, tbe Ma
tiue Cotps gave bim au audesitable discbatge
ftom tbe Matiue Resetve Wbeu wotd of tbis
teacbed Oswald iu Rassia, be wtote a lettet to
Jobu Couually, Sectetaty of tbe Navy, sayiug.
"I shall employ all means to right this gross
mistake or injustice to a bonafide U. S. citizen
and ex-serviceman."
Connally, who had j ust resigned to run for
Govetuot of Texas, tatued Oswald's |ettet ovet
to bis saccessot, Ited Kottb, aud uo actiou was
ta|eu
Iu Aptil, l)6l, Oswald met Matiua Nicbolaev
ua Ptoosa|ova, a bospital wot|et iu Mius|. Aftet
six wee|s, tbey wete mattied iu a state cetemouy.
Iu Jauaaty, l)6., Oswald, still iu Mius|, wtote
Seuatot |obu G. Towet ( Repablicau, Texas j ,
claimiug tbat be, a Uuited States citizeu, was
beiug beld iu Rassia agaiust bis will, aud as|iug
Towet to iutetcede. Towet did uot iutetcede He
metely seut Oswald s lettet to tbe State Depatt
meut.
Iu Iebtaaty, l )6., Oswald wtote tbe U. S.
Imbassy iu Moscow, as|iug fot a passpott to
tetatu to tbe Uuited States Rassiau aatbotities
bad uot accepted bis teqaest fot citizeusbip, aud
Oswald tefased to stay iu tbe Soviet Uuiou as a
tesideut alieu
ot teasous uot yet made pablic, tbe U. S.
Imbassy iu Moscow ( actiug ou otdets ftom tbe
State Depattmeutj ou May .4, l )6., teuewed
Oswald s passpott, aud ameuded it to iuclade au
iufaut daagbtet ( botu iu Iebtaaty of tbat yeatj ,
gave Oswald s Rassiau wife a uouqaota visa to
eutet tbe Uuited States , aud advauced Oswald
s4 . l fot ttavel expeuses bac| to Ametica.
Oswald aud bis family attived iu tbe Uuited
States at tbe Pott of New Yot| ou |aue l ,
l )6.. ' Datiug tbe late sammet of l )6., be alleg
edly was iu tbe DallasIott Wottb atea, calliug
ou uoucommauist tefagees, see|iug tbeit belp iu
nudiug employmeut. Noue woald bave auytbiug
to do witb bim, becaase tbey feated bim as a
dedicated commauist. Tbey feated tbat Oswald
was ttyiug to get iufotmat|ou aboat tbem fot tbe
Soviet sectet police wbicb is |uowu to opetate
iu tbe Uuited States, audet Uuited Natious
covet.
Iatly iu l)6, Oswald was iu New Otleaus,
wbete be became active ( audet tbe uame of A. J.
Hidel l j iu tbe Iait Play Iot Caba Committee
This organization was founded in New York in
l )6u to sappott Iidel Castto. Accotdiug to tbe
Page 386
Seuate Iutetual Secatity Sabcommittee, fotmatiou
of tbe otgau|zatiou was nuauced by mouey ftom
tbe Cabau m|ss|ou to tbe Uuited Natious. ( 7 )
Datiug tbis petiod ( eatly l )6) j , Oswald wtote
tbe State Depattmeut applyiug fot auotbet pass
pott, sayiug be wauted to visit Iuglaud, I|ulaud,
Itauce, Getmauy, Hollaud, Italy, Polaud, aud
Rass|a. Tbe uew passpott was issaed to Oswald
at New Otleaus ou Jaue . , l )6). ' ' '
Catlos Bt|ugaiet, a Cabau autiCastto pattiot,
told Associated Ptess tepottets tbat Oswald bad
attempted to iunlttate a Cabau autiCastto ot
gauizat|ou, by onet|ug bimself (as a fotmet Ma
t|uej to tta|u Cabaus fot au |uvas|ou of tbe
|slaud. Btiugaiet sa| d
"I was suspicious of him from the start .
Then a few days later, I encountered him on
Canal Street distributing 'Viva Castro' literature.
We took all his propaganda away from him.
Then the police came and arrested a lot of us . . . .
The charges against all of us but Oswald were
dismissed."< l )
Oswald was nued si u fot distatbiug tbe peace,
aud teleased.
Ou Aagast . l , l )6) ( sbottly aftet bi s attest
iu tbe stteet ngbtj Oswald appeated as a gaest ou
a New Otleaus tad|o ptogtam |uowu as Cou
vetsatiou Catte Blaucbe, statiou WDSU. Dat
|ug tbe btoadcast, Oswald |deut|ued b|mself as
a matxist.
Tbe Cabau Stadeut D|tectotate |u M|am| te
potts tbat Oswald was Ptes|deut of tbe New
O:leaus Ia|t Play Iot Caba Comm|ttee, aud tbat
tbe uat|oual otgau|zat|ou ttausfetted bim ftom
New Otleaus to Dallas, late |u Aagast, l )6), fol
lowiug b|s iutetview ou tbe tadio ptogtam.
( 1)
Tbe exact t|me of Oswald s move ftom New
Otleaus to Dallas |s uot geuetally |uowu. Mts.
Ratb Paiue, of Itv|ug, Texas ( wbo bad met tbe
Oswalds iu Dallas j , somebow beatd tbat Mts.
Oswa|d was dest|tate |u New Ot|eaus, w|tb oue
small cbild, expectiug auotbet. Mts. Pa|ue says
tbat, wb|le dt|v|ug bac| to Dallas aftet a vacat|ou
iu tbe Iast, sbe stopped on iu New Otleaus to see
Mts. Oswald. Ou Septembet .), l )6), sbe btoagbt
Oswald s wife aud cbild to bet bome iu Itviug.
Mts. Paiue, fotmetly a Rassiau laugaage teacbet,
sa|d sbe tboagbt sbe aud Mts. Oswald coald belp
eacb otbet.
tu Septembet .6, l )6), The Dallas Morning
News pabl|sbed au atticle ou William J. Iowety,
a Dallas salesmau wbo bad beeu opetat|ug as au
audetcovet |ufotmaut fot tbe IBI ou commauist
act|vities. Iowety sa|d tbe commauist patty, cou
ceuttatiug tecta|tiug enotts ou college stadeuts,
m|uotity gtoaps, aud labot auious, bas bad a gteat
deal of saccess aud is gtowiug |u Texas.
Ou Septembet .6, l )6), Dallas uewspapets also
pabl|cized Ptesideut Keuuedy s scbedaled visit to
Dallas iu Novembet. Ou tbat same day, Oswald
ctossed tbe botdet iuto Mexico at Naevo Iatedo.
Ou Septembet ., be tal|ed witb tbe Cabau
cousal at Mex|co City, teqaest|ug a v|sa fot
ttavel to tbe Soviet Uu|ou, via Caba. Wbeu
told tbat be mast wait aboat tbtee wee|s fot
cleatauce ftom tbe Cabau fote|gu m|uistty, Os
wald left iu auget. Ou Septembet ., be v|sited
tbe Soviet Imbassy |u Mex|co C|ty teqaestiug tbe
visa, ideutify|ug b|mself as à m|litaut comma
uist, mattied w|tb a Soviet citizeu, aud say|ug
tbat be bad tesided tbtee yeats iu tbe Soviet
Uu|ou. Wneu told tbat be mast wa|t fot cleatauce
ftom tbe Sov|et fote|gu m|u|stty, Oswald |eft -
agau u auget.
tswald att|ved |u Dallas ftom Mexico ou Oc
tobet 4, aud stayed at tbe YMCA. Ou Octobet
l 4, l )6), |u tbe m|dd|e of tbe u|gbt ( as|ug tbe
alias, o. H. Ieej , be teuted a toom at l u.6 Nottb
Bec|ley Aveuae, fot s. uu a wee|. Tbis toomiug
boase |s less tbau a mile west of tbe Texas Scbool
Boo| Depos|toty ntm (Ilm aud Hoastou Stteets,
ou tbe edge of dowutowu Dallas j wbete Oswald
got a ob, as stoc| clet|, ou Octobet l , l)6).
Tbe fact tbat Oswald, ou Octobet l , got a
j ob iu a ba|ld|ug tbat was ou Ptes|deut Keuuedy's
Page 387
patade toate s|x wee|s |atet bas g|veu t|se to
macb speca|at|ou, bat |t may bave beeu au acc|
deut of |ate. Tbe pab||c d|d uot |uow tbat tbe
ptes|deut|a| patade woa|d pass tbe cotuet of
I|m aud Hoastou aut|| Novembet 16, 1963. Au
exact map of tbe toate was pab||sbed ou Novem
bet . l , tbe day befote tbe v|s|t.
R. S. Tta|y, sapet|uteudeut of tbe boo| de
pos|toty ftm, |atet sa|d of Oswa|d.
"He was a pretty quiet individual. His work
was fne and I had no reason to believe . . . no
idea the man had ever been in Russia. "
Tbete bave beeu pets|steut tepotts tbat tbe
IBI |uew a|| aboat Iee Hatvey Oswa|d' s bac|
gtoaud, |uew wbete b|s w|fe tes|ded |u ltv|ug,
aud |uew wbete be wot|ed |u Da||as. Iu tb|s
tegatd, tbe ou|y tb|ug wb|cb tbe pab||c |uows as
a cetta|uty |s tbat tbe Da||as po||ce d|d uot |uow
of commau|st Oswa|d s emp|oymeut |u a ba||d
|ug ou tbe ptes|deut|a| patade toate ot eveu
of b|s pteseuce |u Da||as Accotd|ug to tepotts,
tbe po||ce d|d bave, bowevet, a ||st of petsous
btauded as extteme t|gbt|sts, wbo wete to be
|ept aucet satve|||auce dat|ug tbe Ptes|deut s
v|s|t.
Aftet Oswa|d's attest, po||ce aud sbet|'s
depat|es foaud amoug b|s eects nve ot s|x meta|
n|es couta|u|ug uotes aud cottespoudeuce. Tbey
a|so foaud sl u.uu, a|tboagb Oswa|d eatued ou|y
si . . au boat at tbe boo| depos|toty. Tbe Os
wa|d f|es wete a|| g|veu to tbe IBI, aud tbe pab
||c does uot |uow wba: tbey couta|ued. Po||ce
satm|se, bowevet, tbat tbey couta|ued a wea|tb of
|ufotmat|ou aboat tbe maus commau|st act|v|t|es
aud poss|b|y aboat b|s coutac:s, aud tbe soatce
of b|s mouey.
Ass|staut D|stt|ct Attotuey W||||am I. A|ex
audet bas tevea|ed tbat some of tbe cottespoud
euce foaud |u Oswa|d s eects cous|sted of |et
tets ftom |eadets of tbe commau|st patty of tbe
Uu|ted States, tbau||ug Oswa|d fot b|s act|v|t|es.
Otbet |ettets wete ftom tbe Ia|t P|ay Iot Caba
Comm|ttee, tbau||ug Oswa|d fot past setv|ces.
g|v|ug b|m saggest|ous aboat otgau|z|ug cbaptets
of tbat otgau|zat|ou.
Dat|ug tbe 4boat pet|od betweeu Oswa|d' s
attest ou Novembet .. aud b|s matdet ou Novem
bet .4, be uot ou|y adm|tted, bat attogaut|y
boasted to po||ce, tbat be was a matx|st.'
The Haters
Nost of tbe |ufotmat|ou aboat Oswa|d s
commau|st act|v|t|es ( sammat|zed abovej was
pab||c|zed w|tb|u a few boats aftet b|s attest ,
bat tb|s d|d uot seem to mattet to | |beta|s aud
se|fsty|ed aodetates ( |u Da||as aud e|se
wbetej , wbo, fot mauy days, poated oat au |u
cted|b|e vo|ame of bate, uot aga|ust commau|sts,
bat aga|ust coust|tat|oua| cousetvat|ves ca||
|ug tbem t|gbtw|ug exttem|sts, b|gots,
t|gbtw|ug fauat|cs.
Immed|ate|y aftet tbe Ptes|deuts assass|uat|ou,
tbe Vo|ce of Amet|ca (U. S. Govetumeut ovet
seas btoadcas:|ug ageucyj uot|ned tbe wot|d tbat
tbe Ptes|deut bad beeu ||||ed |u Da||as, ceutet
of tbe extteme t|gbtw|ug movemeut. Tb|s of
nc|a| btoadcast of tbe U.S. Govetumeut was ta|eu
ovetseas, of coatse, to meau tbat Amet|cau aut|
commau|st cousetvat|ves ate auatcb|sts aud as
sass|us, tbat Da||as |s a botbed of sacb peop|e, aud
tbat tbe U.S. Govetumeut ptesamed tbem ga||ty
of matdet|ug tbe Ptes|deut. ( 8)
As soou as Oswa|d was attested aud | deut|fed,
VOA de|eted, ftom |ts ovetseas btoadcast, tef
eteuce to t|gbtw|ug exttem|sts |u Da||as, bat
was catefa| not to meut|ou tbat tbe attested as
sass|u was au adm|tted commau|st. It was ap
ptox|mate|y . boats aftet Oswa|d's attest be
fote VOA to|d tbe wot|d tbat tbe mau was a
matx|st.
Wbeu as|ed to exp|a|u, Mt. Heuty Loom|s,
D|tectot of Vo|ce of Amet|ca, defeuded tbe
ot|g|ua| btaud|ug of Da||as as a ceutet of tbe
extteme t|gbtw|ug movemeu: by say|ug
"It was a fact. Tass [ Soviet news agency] knew
this beforehand . . . . Things were running in
circles." ( 8)
Page 388
Coucetu|ug VOA' s l .boat delay |u btoad
cast|ug tbe known fact tbat tbe assass|u was au
adm|tted commau|st, Mt Ioom|s sa|d.
"We bend over backward to be carefu1 . "( S)
Uu|ced States Repteseutac|ve Hatty R. Sbep
patd ( Democtat, Cal|fotu|aj desct|bed b|s ftst
teact|ou co cbe uews of cbe Ptes|deut's assass|ua
c|ou.
"The frst impression I had - a hasty one at
that - was that I had never liked the tenor of
the so-called Dan Smoot writings of that area.
He's an extremist whose writings are not only
famboyant, but are inclined to be of a violent
nature and inclined toward character assassina
tion.
"Further, in that general area you have a con
siderable grouping of a socalled Welch crowd.
It has been apparent that it is a very infammable
area . . . . Be it right or wrong, that was my frst
basic thinking e . . . `
Ou Novembet .4, l)6), The Daily Sentinel}
Gtaud Jauct|ou, Colotado, ed|tot|al|zed ou tbe
assass|uac|ou, w|tboat meut|ou|ug tbe uame of
tbe assass|u ot eveu b|ut|ug tbat be was a com
mau|st. T he Daily Sentinel pat all tbe blame ou
Dallas cousetvat|ves
"It is not surprising that the assassination
took place in a city where . . . . the heat of
hatred and vilifcation has run so high that
special security precautions were necessary."
Ocbets vagaely |uc|aced commau|sts |u cbe|t
deuauc|ac|ou of Da||as by say|ug tbat bocb cbe
extteme left aud tbe extteme t|gbt wete te
spous|ble, bat cbey couceuttated tbe|t batted ou
tbe extteme t|gbt seem|ug to eqaate ct|t|
c|sm oi cbe ialleu Ptes|ceuc wicb cteasou aud
bom|c|dal teudeuc|es.
Petbaps tbe most tegtettable temat|s wete
mace by cbe Reveteuc W|l||am A Holmes, pas
cot of tbe Nottbaveu Metbod|st Cbatcb |u Dal
las. Mt. Holmes spo|e ou a uat|oual CBS tele
v|s|ou ptogtam ou Novembet .6, l)6), a|leg|ug
tbat cb|ldteu |u Dallas scbools cbeeted wbeu
cbev beatd oi the President's assassination. Mr.
Holmes' poiuc was cbac cbese cb| ldteu wete ftom
tbe fam|l|es oi pol|t|cal cousetvat|ves wbo bad
taagbt tbe|t yoaugstets to bate tbe leadets of oat
uac|ou Mauy petsous wbo watcbed tbe btoadcast
felt cbat Mt Ho|mes b|mse|f oozec batted wb|le
deuoauc|ug tbe alleged t|gbt|st batets of Dal
las.
Iu oue Da|las sabatbau gtade scbool, tbe
pt|uc|pal was so sba|eu by tbe uews of tbe Ptes|
deuts assass|uat|ou, tbat be seut cb| ldteu bome
w|tboac cell|ug cbem wby. A few cb|ldteu left,
sboat|ug g|eefally, We ate ftee' Bat uo Dallas
scboo| cb||dteu cbeetec tbe deacb of Ptes|deut
Keuuedy Tbete was uo accatacy |u Mt. Holmes'
stoty Nouetbeless, Metboc|st pteacbets of Dal
las, ac a basc||ycouveuec coufeteuce ou Novem
bet .), fotma|ly acopted a teso|ac|ou exptess|ug
wbolebeatted|y oat defeuse of oat btotbet W|l
l|am A Ho|mes t|gbc aud evety otbet m|u|stet's
t|gbt to tbe fteedom of cbe palp|c co cec|ate tbe
m|ud aud sp|t|t of Cbt|st |u evety atea of bamau
l|fe.
( 10)
As | f auyoue bad eveu b|uted tbat a pteacbet
sboa|d be ceu|ed fteedom to declate tbe m|ud
aud sp|t|t of Cbt|st '
Mt Holmes m|gbt bave exptessed sottow ovet
tbe fact tbat pab||c scbool ouc|als coalc uot, | u
cbe boat of uat|oual sboc| aud sottow, call cb|l
dteu togetbet fot ptayet, becaase tbe Sapteme
Coatc bas oatlawec sacb ptayet |u oat pabl|c
scbools Mt Ho|mes d|d uot do tbat He, aud
mauy ocbets l||e b|m, cbose, tacbet, to del|vet
t|tades aboat po||c|ca| cousetvac|ves.
Io||ow|ug tbe matcet of Oswald, K. W.
Cotuel|, Assoc|ated Ptess sta wt|tet, wtote au
atc|c|e fot The Dallas Times Herald (Mouday,
Novembet ., )6) j based ou |utetv|ews w|tb
uametoas cletgymeu. Hete |s a seuteuce ftom tbe
lead patagtapb.
"But the nation's moral leaders said this
killing, like the assassination of the President,
refected a blight in the temper of the people."
Oswalc was a psycbot|c m|sautbtope. He m|t
toted tbe bate aud |awless v|oleuce cbataccet|s
tic of communism; but it is an insult to the United
Staces co say cbac be |u auy way, ot co auy degtee,
tenected cbe tempet of tbe people.
Page 389
Constitutional Conservatives
Iallas cousetvatlsm 1oes uot tepteseut auy
speclal gtoap. It ls a pto1act oi ludlvldaal taste
au1 btee1lug. It ls a way oi llie, a spltlt, a ialtb.
It ls a couvlctlou wblcb ueltbet sptlugs itom
blgotty uot pto1aces lt It ls tbe ptogeuy oi
Ametlcau betltage Tbe stteugtb oi cousetvatlve
couvlctlou lu Dallas ls uoatlsbe1 by toots plaute1
lu tbe Texas itoutlet. Iu tbat seuse, w ate aulqae,
bat lu a |atget seuse, coustltatloual cousetvatlves
oi Dallas ate ll|e coustltatloual cousetvatlves
evetywbete else lu Ametlca. tbey tevete tbe
Ioaudlug Iatbets oi tbls uatlou au1 waut to te
establlsb tbe coustltatloual system wblcb tbey
cteate1.
Toe Wat iot Ametlcau Iu1epeudeuce (wolcb
tbe Ioau1lug Iatoets le1 to a saccessial cou
claslou, was aull|e auy otbet socalle1 tevo
latlou lu blstoty Tbe Iteucb Revo|atlou oi tbe
l tb Ceutaty was coucelve1 lu bate au1 execate1
lu vloleuce Its patpose was tbe same as tbat oi
tbe bolsbevl| tevolatlou lu .utbceutaty Rassla.
to ovettatu au1 1esttoy tbe exlstlug ot1et oi
tblugs aud to mat1et tbe exlstlug leadets oi so
clety Tbe Ametlcau Revolatlou was uot tluge1
wltb saco patpose. Toe Ioau1lug Iatoets, lu te
be||lug agalust Iuglaud, wete teslstlug polltlcal
tytauuy to preJerve and improve toe exlstlug
ot1et.
Toey |eated couceuttatlou oi polltlcal powet,
aud tbey ieate1 auatcby. Oat oi tbelt wls1om
aud toeit ieats, tbelt expetleuce aud tbelt gteat
leatulug, tbey cteate1 tbe most matveloas govetu
meutal system evet coucelved lu toe mlu1s oi
meu. Bellevlug lu govetumeut by law, au1
uot govetumeut by tbe wblms oi meu, tbey
wtote toe Coustltatlou wblcb was a blud
lug couttact uot ouly apou govetumeut
bat apou tbe people as well. By testtlctlug gov
etumeut to tbe exetclse oi speclfcallygtauted
powets, toe Coustltatlou was luteude1 to ptoolblt
govetumeut omclals itom asatplug powet aud
toas becomlog lawless tytauts, audet ptetext oi
oelplug tbe people L!timate powet to coauge
tbe otgaulc sttactate oi govetumeut was leit lu
tbe bau1s oi tbe people, bat tbe meaus oi ma|lug
sacb cbauge ( ameu1lug tbe Coustltatlou, was
cateially ptesctlbe1 to mllltate agalust basty, au
wlse 1eclslous by tbe people Tbls system, aulqae
lu olstoty, was 1eslgued to pteveut botb tytauuy
by govetumeut, au1 tec|less tebelllou by tbe peo
ple.
1ot )u yeats, Ametlcau llbetals bave sap
potted lawleSJ government govetumeut uot
boau1 by tbe speclfc tetms oi toe Coustltatlou,
bat asatplug powet to do auytblug wblco oclal
1om clalms wlll ptomote tbe geueta| weliate.
Coustltatloual cousetvatlves teslst lawless gov
etumeut. becaase tbey |uow lt pto1aces a lawless
soclety Tbe eu1 ls eltbet wll1 auatcby ot opptes
slve dlctatotsolp. Toe ietvot aud 1e1lcatlou oi
coustltatloua! cousetvatlves stems uot itom oate,
bat itom a seuse oi atgeucy. tbey waut to testote
lawful coust|tatloual govetumeut, by lawful
meaus, beiote lt ls too late.
The Harvest?
Joe catteut iatot oi llbetal batted iot cou
setvatlves may couceal a seuse oi gallt. Tbe watpe1
mlu1 oi Iee Hatvey Oswa|1 was ftst atttacte1 to
commaulsm by commaulst ptopagau1a leanets.
Cousetvatlves abbot govetumeutal ceusotsblp
(eveu oi commaulst ptopagau1a, wblco vlolates
coustltatloual gaatautees oi iteedom oi speeco
aud iteedom o| toe ptess Cousetvatlves a!so ab
bot tbe 1lsttlbatlou oi commaulst ptopagau1a lu
toe Luited States at taxpayets expeuse Ilbetal
lsm, bowevet, 1ectees tbat comma:ilst ptopagau1a
mast be 1lstt|bate1 lu tbe Lulted States, wltboat
testtlctlou, at tbe expeuse oi toe Ametlcau peo
ple
l11)
Coustltatloual cousetvatlves 1o uot belleve lu
vlolatlug tbe coustltatloual tlgbts oi auyoue, uot
eveu oi commaulsts , bat toey bave iot yeats cou
teu1ed tbat commaulsts sboal1 uot be glveu ptei
eteutlal tteatmeut. Cousetvatlves bave beeu pat
tlcalatly coucetued aboat State Depattmeut soit
uess towatd commau|sm Woat else, oat to|s lio
etal attlta1e oi speclal itleu1lluess towat1 com
Page 390
mau|sts, coa|d bave ptompted tbe State Depatt
meut to teuew Oswa|d' s passpott aud pay b|s way
bac| to toe Uu|ted States, aftet be bad teuoauced
Amet|cau c|t|zeusb|p aud |beu, a yeat |atet,
gtaut b|m auotbet passpott to go to tbe Sov|et
Uu|ou?
Iat|ug tbe |ast tbtee yeats, v|ttaa||y a|| | |beta|
spo|esmeu |u tbe Uu|ted States betate extteme
t|gbt|sts fot assett|ug tbat commau|sm |s dau
getoas |u tbe Uu|ted States Tbe ||beta| ||ue |s
tbat commau|sts ate not daugetoas tbat, |u
deed, t|gbtw|ug exttem|sts ate fat mote batm
fa| tbau commau|sts.
Coa|d tbat exp|a|u wby Da||as po||ce bad a
||st of soca||ed t|gbt|sts to watcb bat wete uot
to|d tbat a |uowu commau|st, au expett t|nemau,
wot|ed |u a ba||d|ug ou tbe ptes|deut|a| patade
route?
As po|uted oat befote, tbe pab||c does uot |uow
wbat tbe IBI |uew, ot bad doue, aboat Oswa|d
Oswa|d |oad|y ptoc|a|med b| s batted of tbe
Uu|ted States, aud boasted of b|s commau|st ac
t|v|t|es. Heuce, |f tbe IBI d|d not |uow wbete be
l|ved aud wot|ed ftom Octobet 1 5 to Novembet
22, tb|s fact a|oue mast tenect tbe att|tade of
Robett Keuuedy, Attotuey Geueta| of tbe Uu|ted
States Note a Uu|ted Ptess Iutetn+t|oua| d|spatcb
ftom Wasb|ugtou, pab||sbed Matcb , 1 962, au
det tbe bead||ue U S. Reds Hatm|ess Says Bob
Keuuedy Hete ate passages ftom tbe att|c| e.
"Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy said
yesterday the U. S. Communist party is a 'wind
mill' virtually powerless to hurt the government.
He criticized 'hysteria' about the party's activities.
'They can't do anything to us' . . . the President's
brother said."
A|| IBI tepotts go to tbe Attotuey Geueta| , wbo
is boe the FBI Director, in the chain of com
maud. if tbe IBi did tepott tbat commau|st Os
wa|d was wot||ug |u a ba||d|ug ovet|oo||ug tbe
ptes|deut|a| patade toate |u Da||as, wby d|d At
totuey Geueta| Robett Keuuedy uot do sometb|ug
aboat | t? Becaase ou|y t|gbtw|ug exttem|sts
ate cous|deted daugetoas ?
Oue seuteuce |u a |ettet ftom a sabsct|bet to
tb|s Report sams ap a |ot .
"If our leaders had fought communism instead
of McCarthyism, there would have been no
Castro in Cuba, and no castroite Oswald in the
United States to murder President Kennedy."
Cover Up?
Lu Novembet 26, 1 963, Ptes|deut Jobusou
otdeted tbe IBI to ta|e cbatge of a|| ev|deuc
aud to ma|e a tbotoagb |uvest|gat|ou of tbe as
sass|uat|ou, aud of tbe sabseqaeut matdet of tbe
assass|u. He ptom|sed tbat IBI tepotts woa|d be
made pab||c |mmed|ate|y.
Ou tbe same dayNovembet 26-The Worker
( commau|st patty uewspapetj , |u a |oug ed|tot|a|
pta|s|ug tbe po||c|es of tbe |ate Ptes|deut Keu
uedy aud p|ac|ug b|ame fot b|s deatb ou tbe
a|ttat|gbt, tecommeuded tbat Ptes|deut Jobu
sou appo|ut a spec|a| comm|ss|ou, audet Cb|ef
Jast|ce at| Watteu, to coudact tbe |uvest|gat|on
Tbtee days |atetNovembet .)Ptes|deut
Jobusou appo|uted a spec|a| mau comm|ss|ou,
beaded by Cb|ef Jast|ce Iat| Watteu, to |uvest|
gate tbe assass|uat|ou aud tbe matdet of Oswa|d.
Tbe otbet s|x meu ou tbe comm|ss|ou.
Allen W. Dulles, former President of the
Council on Foreign Relations and a director of
the CFR since 1 927; Representative Hale Boggs
(liberal Democrat, Louisiana) ; Representative
Gerald R. Ford ( liberal Republican, Michigan) ;
Senator John Sherman Cooper (liberal Repub
lican" Kentucky) ; John J. McCloy, Chairman of
the Board of Directors of the Council on Foreign
Relations since 1 953, former Disarmament
Page 391
Agency head; Senator Richard B. Russell (Demo
crat, Georgia), the only one of the group with
perceptible conservative tendencies.
Ou Decembet 2, 1963, a stoty iu The Dallas
Morning News teveale1 tbat tbe IBi tepotts will
uot be ma1e pablic, as Ptesi1eut jobusou ba1
ntst ptomise1 All iuvestigative tepotts will be
tatue1 ovet to Watteu s commissiouwbicb will
evalaate au1 tepott to tbe pablic
ill tbe pablic evet get tbe fall, ttae stoty ?
Motives
As tepotte1 last week, citcamstaoces gave
tise to tbe ptesamptiou tbat jack Rabeosteio au1
Oswal1 wete iovolve1 togetbet, witb otbets ao
kuowu, iu a plot to assassioate Ptesi1eut Keu
ue1y, au1 tbat Rabensteiu mat1ete1 Oswal1 to
sileuce bim iu1icatious uow ate tbat tbis pte
samptiou may uevet be ptove1. Histoty may te
cot1 tbat tbe assassiuatioo au1 tbe mat1et wete
isolate1 acts of psycbotics, witb uo calcalated
motives ot patpose.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) The Dallas Moring News, November 23, 1963, Section 1 ,
p. 6
( 2 ) The Dallas 10ming News, November 24, 1963, Section 1 ,
p. 3
( 3 ) The Dallas Times Hel'ald, November 23, 1 963, p. 6A
( 4) Time, Vol . ' 82, No. 22, November 29, 1 963, p. 27
( 5 ) UPI story from Moscow, The Dallas Morning News, Decem
ber 2, 1 963, Section 1, p. 5
( 6) "A Variety of Red Spy Networks Cover U. S. ," by Henry J.
Taylor, The Los Angeles Times, October 1 2, 1962; The Epi
sode of the Russian Seamen, Report of the Senate Internal
Security Subcommittee, May 1 2, 1 95 6, 2 1 pp.
( 7 ) Fail' Play For Ctba Committee, Hearings before the Senate
Internal Security Subcommittee, February 27, 1961, 128 pp.
( 8) "In the Nation: The Modem Miracle and the Ancient Curse,"
by Arthur Krock, The New York Times, November 26, 1963,
p. 36; "Broadcast to World: Voice of America Explains
'Far Right' Tag, " by John Mashek, The Dallas Moring
News, November 28, 1963, Section 1 , p. 5
( 9) "Rep. Sheppard Shocked At Death of President," The San
Berardino Daily Stn, November 23, 1963, p. A-2
( 1 0) "Methodists Back ' Freedom of Pulpit, ' ' ' The Dallas Morning
New.r, November 30, 1963, Section 1 , p. 6
( 1 1 ) For a detailed discussion of communist propaganda distribu
tion through American mail, see this Report, "We Pay For
Communist Propaganda," May 28, 1 962.
Born in Missouri, reared in Texas, Dan Smot went to SMU in Dallas, getting BA and MA degres in 1938 and
1940. In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a dotorate
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years on FBI headquarters staff in Washington; and almost four years
on general FBI cases in various parts of the nation.
In 1951, Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum_ On Facts Forum radio and television pro
grams, Smoot spoke to a national audience, giving both sides of controversial issues.
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his present independent publishing and broadcasting business - a fre
enterprise operation financed entirely by profits from sales: sales of The Dan Smoot Report, a weekly magazine;
and sales of a weekly news-analysis broadcast, to business firms, for use on radio and television as an advertising ve
hicle. The Report and the broadcast give only one side in presenting documented truth about important issues - the
side that uses the American Constitution as a yardstick. The Report is available by subscription; and the broadcasts
are available for commercial sponsorship, anywhere in the United States.
If you think Dan Smot is providing effective tols for Americans fighting soialism and communism, you can
help immensely - by helping him get more customers for his Report and brodcasts.
Page 392
M
1(1 Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 50 (Christmas Broadcast) December 1 6, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
THE HOPE OF THE WORLD
DAN SMOOT
Iu tbis pablisbed Report aud iu my btoadcasts evety wee|, I tty to ase faudameutal Ameticau
coustitatioual ptiuciples as tbe yatdstic| fot measatiug tbe political aud socia| aud ecouomic ptob
lems of oat time. Heuce, it is impottaut to me tbat Iset aside oue Report eacb yeat iu wbicbiustead
of ctiticiziug tbe people aud policies wbicb viol ate tbose ptiuciples i teamtm my faitb iu tbe
ptiuciples . testate my owu couclasious aboat tbe otigius of tbe gteat Ameticau ideal.
Cbtistmas is au apptoptiate seasou fot tbis positive teautmatiou, becaase, as I see it, tbe begiu
u|ug o| tbe Uuited States of Ametica was tbe most dtamatic aud siguihcaut episode iu a loug
pi|gtimage tbe pilgtimage of tbe Cbtistiau idea of law, libetty, aud selfgovetumeut. Cbtis|iau
ity |s tbe mastet pt|uciple of oat otgauic docameuts of govetumeut tbe Declatatiou of Iude
peudeuce, tbe Coustitatiou, aud tbe Bill of Rigbts.
T be act of iuhuite love aud metcy wbicb seut jesas iuto tbe wotld to save meu ftom siu im
plauted iu tbe miuds of meu tbe idea tbat iudividaal mau is a cteatate of iuhuite impottauce. Tbe
life aud teacbiugs of jesas, aud tbe wot| aud examole of His Disciples, maguify tbe impottauce of
tbe bamau individual, miuimize tbe impottauce of bamau masses aud bamau society aud bamau
government.
Wbeu Jesas selected bis disciples, be did uot go to tbe gteat auivetsities, to tbe ceutets of iu
tellectaalism. He did uot tty to cteate a saddeu mass movemeut by pic|iug a latge uambet of oat
staudiug people. He cbose a dozeu obscate meu, mostly hsbetmeu, wbo lived by beavy labot.
Aftet tbe Ctacihxiou, wbeu Petet stood ap amoug tbem, to coudact tbe basiuess of cboosiug
a disciple to teplace tbe ttaitot Jadas, tbe uambet of uames togetbet wete aboat oue baudted aud
tweuty.
Wbat coald tbis small gtoap of people do iu a wotld tbat was pagau, wbete Cbtistiaus wete,
iu a seuse, oatlaws, bated aud petsecated? Tbey temade tbe wotld, aptootiug aucieut aud powet
fal civilizatious, plautiug tbe seeds of uew oues. Nowbete iu tbe auuals of mau|iud cau tbete be
foaud mote tbtilliug ptoof of tbe powet, impottauce, aud aulimited possibilities of tbe bamau
individual wbo is hted by faitb.
6441 Gaston Avenue) . Subscription rates : $10.00 a year, $6.00 for 6 'months, $18.00 for two years. For frst
copy for 25; 6 for $1. 00; 50 for $5. 50; 100 for $10. 00 each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 393
Neltbet Paal not any oitbeotbet eatly Cbtls
tlansba1 anypattlcalat lntetest lnsoclal teioto
otpolltlcaltevolatlon.Tbelt1e1lcatlonwasspltlt
aal , yet, attbecoteoiCbtlstlanialtblstbemost
tevolatlonaty l1ea evet concelve1. tbe l1ea tbat
ln1lvl1aal oan, tegat1less oi wbo be ls, ls lnu
nltelylmpottant.
many Cbtlstlan 1enoolnatlons an1 sects be
lleve, oicoatse, lnotlglnal sln. tbatoan lsbotn
lnslnan anwottby, cottapt belngwbo can be
save1 only by tbe Gtace oi Go1, tbtoag| )esas
Cbtlst. All Cbtlstlans wbo cllng to ian1aoental
ttatb bellevetbatmanlslopetiect, bopeless, an1
lost, wltboattbe:avlngGtaceoi)esas.
Yet lt was Cbtlstlanlty wblcb gave blttb to
individualism bellei ln tbe sacte1 lopottance
oi tbe baoan ln1lvl1aal. How?
I n1lvl1aal oan ls lopetiect, yet Go1 cteate1
blo an1 so love1 blo tbat He sent Hls only
begotten :on to save blo itoo sln. Tbat ls tbe
baslc Cbtlstlan l1ea. Aitet sacb an l1ea ba1
wot|e1 iotcentatles lntbehnlteoln1soimen,
lt le1 to an obvloas conclaslon. ln1lvl1aal man,
tbeobject oi sacb lnnnltegtace an1 metcy, oast
be lopottant, tbe oost lmpottant cteatate on
eattb. Tbls ls tbe otlgln oi tbe baslc Aoetlcan
political l1eal . tbat oan gets all bls tlgbts an1
powets itoo Go1, tbe Cteatot , tbat govetnment
ls awea|etan1 less lopottantcteatatetbanoan,
becaase govetnoent was cteate1 by man. It was
cteate1, lniact, asaoetetooltosetvetbeslople
an1llolte1patposeoisecatlngiotoantbeGo1
glvenblesslngstbatwetealtea1ybls.
M an,wltballblscottaptlonan1lopetiectlons,
can becooe a son oi Go1, by tbe slmple act oi
belngbotnagalnlnialtb.
Tbete ls anotbet ptoioan1 Cbtlstlan ttatb.
Go1' sptomlseoi salvatlonlscon1ltlonal tbat ls,
lt 1epen1s on man 1olng sometblng. Man mast
volantatllyacceptGo1' sgtace.Go11oesnotiotce
lt apon blo, an1 oan mast, as a tesponslble ln
dividaal, to tbe llmit of bls abilit, consciously
an1etstan1 wbat be ls 1olng wben be accepts
Gtacetbtoagb ialtb.
TbatlstbeCbtlstlanl1eaoiln1lvl1aaltespon
slblllty, wblcb ls lnsepatable itoo ln1lvl1aal lo
pottance an1 ln1lvl1aal itee1oo. Tbls Cbtlstlan
concept (beatlngovettonesoitbetbteelnone, ot
ttlnlty,l1eaoiGo1, caoetobe|nownaslndlvl1
aallso, an1Cbtlstlanln1lvl1aallsowas the be1
toc|onwblcb tbeAoetlcannatlonwas ioan1e1.
* * * * *
AMERICA: Culmination of the
Christian Ideal
T be beginnlngs oi Aoetlca weteCbtlstlan.
Most otgan|c 1ocaments o| govetnment ln
Ametlcat|e May1owet Compact oi 1 620; t|e
Declatat|on oi In1epen1ence oi 1776; tbe Con
stltatlon oi 1787 g|ve tecognltlon to Go1o
Wblle tbeMayfower to1e at ancbot ln Ptov
lnce:own Hatbot, neat Cbtlstoastloe, 1 620, tbe
Pllgtlos aboat1 1ecl1e1 to ioto a govetnoent
beiote golng asbote ln tbe new wotl1. Hence,
tbey wtote an1 slgne1 tbe maynowet Coopact.
Tbey1ate1lt"Anno Domini, 1620. " Tbatpbtase,
iteelyttanslate1toglvetbeiallmeanlnglnten1e1,
says, ln tbe slxteenban1te1an1twentletb yeat
oioatIot1an1:avlot,)esasCbtlst.
Hete lsbowtbeMayowet Compact beglns
"In the name of God, amen, we whose names
are underwritten . . . having undertaken for the
glory of Go, and advancement of the Christian
faith, and the honor of our King and country,
a voyage to plant the frst colony in the norther
parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly
and mutually in the presence of Go and one
another, covenant and combine ourselves to
gether into a civil body politic."
W ben tbe Constltatlonal Conventlon oet at
Pblla1elpbla ln 1 787, tbe 1elegates coul1 teacb
noagteementontbe|ln1oinatlonalgovetnment
nee1e1a |ln1 wblcbwoal1 bln1tbe ln1lvl1
ual statestogeter in a union for protetion against
iotelgn powets an1 iot pteventlng wats among
Page 394
c|emselves, bac w||c| woal1, ac c|e same c|me,
ptesetve c|e sovete|gncy oi c|e |n1|v|1aal scaces,
leav|ng co c|e people c|e|t Go1g|ven t|g|cs co
govetn c|emselves |n c|e|t own scaces, w|c|oac
|ncetietenceitomc|enac|onalgovetnmenc
T |eConsc|cac|onalConvenc|onwasonc|epo|nc
oi btea||ng ap. Benjam|n Itan|l|n palle1 c|e
c||ng cogec|et. A11tess|ng c|e Convenc|on on
]ane., i , Itan|l|nsa| 1.
"How has it happened, Sir, that we have not
hitherto once thought of humbly applying to the
Father of lights to illuminate our understand
ings? . . .
"I have lived, Sir, a long time, and the longer
I live the more convincing proofs I see of this
truth; that God governs in the afairs of men.
And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground with
out His notice, is it probable that an empire can
rise without His aid?
"I . . . believe that without His concurring aid
we shall succeed in this political building no
better than the builders of Babel."
In c|e beqaesc c|ac escabl|s|e1 Hatvat1 Col
lege, ol1 ]o|n Hatvat1 la|1 1own cetca|n tales
an1 ptecepcs c|ac wete co be obsetve1. One oi
c|emtea1.
"Let every student be plainly instructed and
earnestly pressed to consider well the main ends
of his life and studies; to know God and Jesus
Christ which is eternal life and therefore to lay
Christ in the bottom as the only foundation of all
knowledge and learning and see the Lord only
giveth wisdom. Let everyone seriously set himself
by prayer in secret to seek Christ as Lord and
Master."
We |eat a loc oi cal| aboac Americanism. Ii
yoawancco|noww|ac|cteally| s, tea1c|eDecla
tac|on oi In1epen1ence. There |s c|e essence oi
Amet|can|sm, an1 c|eessence oic|eDeclatac|on
|saC|t|sc|anassampc|on.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: That
all men are . . . endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable rights."
T |ete we:e no atgamencs ot comm|ccee meec
| ngs ot panel 1|scass|ons aboac | c. :|mply, we
ptocla|m c|ese c||ngs as ctac| becaase we |now
c|em co be ctac|' Hete, |n patap|tase, ate c|e
ctac|s w||c| c|ey ptocla|me1
Government derives its j ust powers from us,
the governed. We want it clearly understood,
moreover, that the grant of power which we make
to government is very limited. Even though we
must delegate to government enough power to
protect all of us from one another, and from
possible foreign enemies, we have certain rights
which we are not willing to surrender or modify
for any purpose whatever. We call these rights
unalienable because God, our Creator, endowed
us with them: we consider them sacred. Each one
of us as an individual, whether rich or poor, weak
or strong, has certain rights that God has given
him and that no power on earth can take away,
neither government, nor an organized group, nor
an overwhelming majority of the people them
selves.
Among these sacred rights are Life, Liberty,
and the Pursuit of Happiness. Initially, we said
Life, Liberty, and Property; but we changed
Property to Pursuit of Happiness to enlarge the
area of rights which we consider sacred.
Aicet w|nn|ng c|e |n1epen1ence c|ey |a1 1e
clate1, an1 aicet wt|c|ng a Consc|cac|on coma|e
c|e necessaty gtanc oillm|ce1 powet co a cenctal
govetnmenc, c|eIoan1|ngFac|ets wott|e1 aboac
c|acmaccetoic|e|tsacte1an1anal|enablet|g|cs.
In c|e utsc secc|on oi c|e|t Consc|cac|on, w|ete
c|eygtance1powet co c|enewgovetnmenc, c|ey
scatce1obysay|ng,' T|epowetsherein gtance1. '
T|ey meanc c|ac c|e govetnmenc s|oal1 |ave
no powets excepc c|ose spec|ucally l|sce1 |n c|e
Consc|cac|on. Bac was c|ac samc|encly cleat an1
emp|ac|c ? Pet|aps noc. T|e Foan1|ng Fac|ets
1ec|1e1 co ma|e cetca|ncy 1oably cetca|n. T|ey
wtoce a B|lloiR|g|cs ( c|eutsc cen amen1mencs
coc|e|t Consc|cac|on, , nocas||ng c|egovetnmenc
iotanyt|g|cs, bacspec|hcallyl|sc|ngcetca|nGo1
g|vent|g|csan1 cell|ng govetnmenc c|ac |cmasc
noc, coal1noc, campet w|c| c|em.
Congress shall make no law abridging these
Page 395
specifc, sacred rights of ours.
T hat |st|emeanlngoit|eAmetlcanConst|ta
tlonand Blll oiRlg|ts.
W|ete dld sac| notlons oi govetoment come
itom? T|ey wete sent lnto t|e wotld at Bet|le
|em, on a nlg|t t|at was sllent and |oly, on t|e
utstdayoit|eutstyeatoiOatLotdand:avloat
)esas C|tlst.
T|eC|tlstlanconceptoieqaallty (alsowtltten
lnto t|e Declatatlon oi Independence. All men
atecreated eqaal , lsnottalntedwlt|matetlallsm.
jesas tat|et lmpatlently sald t|at t|e poot ate
always wlt| as Hls concept oi eqaallty |ad
not|lngto do wlt| mans p|yslcal atttlbates and
possesslons, ot wlt| t|e genetal dlsttlbatlon oi
woudy goods. T|e teac|lngs oi jesas dld not
lmply mass otganlzatlon and standatdlzatlon oi
people, ot wotldwlde anliotmlty, ot a anlvetsal
levellng oi man|lnd. T|ey lmplled t|e opposlte.
)esas taag|tt|at t|e cteatates oi God ate eqaal
beioteGod,regardless of their status on earth.
T|e C|tlstlan concept oi eqaallty ls spltltaal.
It|asnot|lngtodowlt|mylncomeotmy|ealt|
otmyenvltonment. It slmplyglvesmea llttle,
lmpetiect man, botn lnslnanlndlvldaal, pet
sonaltelatlons|lpwlt|God. a telatlons|lpeqaal
to t|at oi any otbet man on eatt|. In s|ott,
C|tlstlanltyexaltslndlvldaallsm,sttesslngt|elm
pottance and t|e exclaslve dependence on God
and selioit|e|amanlndlvldaal.
T|ese C|t|stlan ldeas oi t|e sactedness and
lnunltewott|oit|e|amanpetsonallty|ad tolle
getmlnatlng ln|e mlnds oi men iot elg|teen
centatleslong enoagb to iotm iandamental
t|oag|t pattetnsbeiote t|ey ioand exptesslon
ln a cbattet oi govetnment iot a gteat natlon.
Ametlca.
* * * * *
THE I RREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT
T |e sttengt| and caltate oi Ametlca, ballton
ialt|ln)esasC|tlst, wlllstattdegenetatlngw|en
Ametlcansnolonget|oldaloitt|ecenttaltenetln
C|tlstlanialt|namely,t|att|e|aman|ndlvld
aal (nott|emasses otsociet) batt|eindividual)
|s a dlvlnely lmpottant belng, becaase God sent
Hls only begotten :on lnto t|e wotld to ma|e a
bloodatonementiott|e s|ns oi |ndlvldaals
T|esttengt| and caltateoicommanlsmsoclal
lsmiasclsm, ballt on ialt| |n t|e almlg|:y state,
ot govetnment, woald dle li |eavlly lnulttated
wlt| C|tlstlan lndlvldaallsm, becaase t|e centtal
tenetoicommanlstsoclallstiasclstialt|lst|att|e
lndlvldaallsnot|lng,t|e:tate (otsoclety, ott|e
masses,otgovetnment , lsevetyt|lng.
Hltlet and |ls |enc|men sald lt blantly a
t|oasand tlmes .
"Der einzelner ist nichts; das volk ist alles; Heil
Hitler! "
Inat|oasanddletentwaysandona t|oasand
dletent occaslons, Matx, ngels, Lenln, :talln,
K|tas|c|evsald t|esame t|lng. To commanlsts
soclallsts iasc|stsnotteatmentoianlndlvldaalls
consldetedabase, l imetedoattosetvet|esoclal
lstlc caase. matdet, |ldnapplng, atson, tobbety,
blac|mall, tteasonall ate j astlued li comm|t
ted ln t|eln:etests oi t|e matetlallstlc ia|t| t|at
t|elndlvldaal ls not||ng, soclety lsevetyt|lng.
T|as, t|e cattent conlct between t|e Lnlon
oi:ovletSocialist Repabllcsandt|eLnlted:tates
ls notoetelya tlvaltybetweentwo natlons. Itls
a clas| oi two opposlte ldeologles, oitwo lttec
oncilable iait|s, one of which is doomed to de
sttactlon. :oclallsm can nelt|et be appeased not
contalned, becaase lt ls ballt on t|e notlon t|at
lt mast conqaet all ot dle. All comman|st tal|
aboatwantlngpeaceialcoexlstencewlt|tbewest
lsa lle lntendedto dlsatmand coniase. Comma
nlsts not only do notwant peaceial coexlstence.
t|ey don'teven t|ln| lt posslble.
T|ey ate ptobably tlg|t. :oclallsm coald not
survive, in an intellectual climate where Christian
ldeals ptevall,becaasesoclallsm ls iandamentally
Page 396
at|e|st|c |t|sabe||ei|na||powetia|govetnoent
tat|et t|an |n a||powetia|God Aoet|ca, on t|e
ot|et|and,coa|dnotsatv|ve|it|eC|t|st|anbase
oi |et |nst|tat|ons wete desttoyed, becaase t|e
ioandat|on oi Aoet|can|so |s C|t|st|an
T |e gteat batt|e iot iteedoo |s pt|oat||y a
batt|e iot t|eo|nds and soa|s oi oen. It can be
won on|y |i itee oen ate a1aoe w|t| a ia|t|
gteatet t|an t|a: oi t|e|t eneo|es
Coa|d t|e |ott|b|e soc|a||stconceptoi oan as
anan|opottantan|t|nasoa||esssooet||ngca||ed
the masses, w|nconvettsaoong iteeoen? Coa|d
oatet|a||st|cia|t||nsoc|a||soevet|aveasttonget
appea| to itee oen t|an C|t|st|an ia|t| |n t|e
d|v|ne|opottanceoi|nd|v|daa|s ?
It |as
T |e b|ossoo|ng oi soc|a||so occatted | n t|e
oodetnwot|d a|oost s|oa|taneoas|y w|t| exp|o-
s|ve|y sadden, wot|dw|de deve|opoents |n t|e
p|ys|ca| sc|ences ln t|e new ent|as|aso iot sc|
ence,aoon|ey|||eaoazeoentat||sown|nven
t|ve c|evetness tep|aced oan's anc|ent awe iot
t||ngssp|t|taa| Int|etwent|et|centaty, t|eeasy
oatet|a| ptoo|ses oi soc|a||so ptesented t|eo
se|ves as a new ia|t| and captated sooe oi t|e
oost ca|t|vated o|nds |n t|e C|t|st|an wot|c
* * * * *
SOCIALIZING THE GOSPEL
We will fnd our most fertile feld for infltra
tion of Marxism within the feld of religion, be
cause religious people are the most gullible and
will accept almost anything if it is couched in
religious terminology.
en|n oade t||s pted|ct|on to t|e stadents oi
tevo|at|on | n moscow aitet t|e bo|s|ev||s |ad
ioand |t|oposs|b|eto desttoy t|ec|atc|es itoo
w|t|oat.
T|eycoa|dse|zet|e c|atc|ba||d|ngs and d|s
petse t|e congtegat|ons anc ma|emen afraid to
attend pab||c wots||p setv|ceand t|ey d|d.
T|ey coa|d convettsanctaat|es|ntoso|d|ets' bat-
tac|s, and tavetns, and dance |a||sand t|ey
d|d T|ey coa|d |opt|son, tottate, and oatdet
c|etgyoenand t|ey d|d. Bat t|ey coa|d not
iotce C|t|st|an ia|t| oat oi t|e |eatts and o|nds
andsoa|soioen
Hence,len|notdetedac|angeoitact|cs |nu|
ttate t|ec|atc|es so t|at t|e|t desttact|on coa|d
be petiotoed gtadaa||y, itoo w|t||n, by c|atc|
peop|e t|eose|ves. Re|ntetptet t|e :ct|ptates |n
sac| a way as to1eoove t|e d|etyoiC|t|st and
convett H|o |ntoa soc|a||st. D|stottB|b||ca| set
oonsonc|a:|tyto ptovet|atgovetnoents|oa|d
ta|eoveta||ptopettyandd|v|de|taptoac||eve
econoo|ceqaa| |ty iota||.
In s|ott, ||yoa w||| stta|n a|| sp|t|taa| content
oat oi :ct|ptate, yoa can btea| te||g|ons |o|d
apon t|e peop|e God |s c|anged itoo an a||
powetia|,a|||now|ng,andvetypetsona||eaven|y
Iat|et|ntosooe||nd oivagae, andeuned an|
vetsa| iotce. )esas |s no |onget a De|tyGod
H|ose| i. )esas becooes oete|y a gteat oan, a
teac|et,ap|||osop|et,asoc|a|teiotoet
A c|atc| estab||s|oent ba||t on sac| not|ons
as t|ese |s not an |nsatooantab|eobstac|e|nt|e
pat| oi t|e soc|a||st tevo|at|on On t|e conttaty,
|t can becooe a vety aseia| |nsttaoent iot pto
oot|ngsoc|a||so
oa coa|d a||a toom ia|| oi te||ab|e stat|st|cs
to s|ow t|at t|oasands oi c|atc| peop|e |ave
sappotted |andteds oi coooan|st caases Bat |t
woa|dntdoany good
Noonewoa|dpayany attent|ontoyoa except
sooetop omc|a|soigteatc|atc| otgan|zat|ons
|||e t|e Nat|ona| Coanc| | oi C|atc|es , and t|ey
woa|d oete|y |ow| yoa down as a ioo| and
ttoab|eoa|et
Inaway,c|atc|omc|a|satecottect|nbe||tt||ng
t|e |opottance oi t|e coooan|st itonts
|he important question is whether Christian
pteac|ets |ave tej ected ot cottapted t|e ianda
Page 397
oental 1octt|nesoitbe|tia|tb.
Tbe |an1aoental 1octt|ne oi Cbt|st|an|ty |s
tbat|opetiectoancanbesave1onlybytbegtace
oi)esas C|t|st.
Tbe ian1aoental 1octt|ne o| soc|al|so |s tbat
allo|oanss|nsallev|lsoneattbtesaltitoo
oan's pbys|cal env|tonoent. Conseqaently, gov
etnoent can cteate pata1|se by ta||ng total con
ttol oi tbe l |ves oi all tbe people, all tbe ev|ls
on eattb can be leg|slate1 away |i govetnoent
basenoagb powettocteatetbet|g|tenv|tonoent
enoagb powet to tegalate an1 conttol an1 te
1|stt|bate ant|l evetyone bas an eqaal sbate o|
evetytb|ng'
It|sattb|spo|nttbatpteacbetswbotegat1tbeo
selves as Cbt|st|an soc|al|sts beg|n to sabst|tate
govetnoent iot Go1. It |s at tb|s po|nt tbat tbe
soc|al gospel becooes soc|al|so.
T be soc|al gospel ot|g|nate1 |n tbebel|e| tbat
Cbt|st|ansoastbe|nownbytbe|twot|s. It' snot
enoagb |ot a oanto bel|eve |n )esas. He oast
also be|ave l||e a Iel|evetoast catty oat
)esas' |nsttact|ons to all bel|evets tteat otbets as
yoawoal1l||etbeototteatyoa,loveyoatne|gb
bot as yoatsel i , sbate yoat bless|ngs w|tb people
less iottanate tbanyoatseli.
Hence, tbe typ|cal ol1|asb|one1 soc|algospel
pteacbet wasonewbo exbotte1 b|s congtegat|on
tolea1bettetl|ves. atastbeyeatstolle1 byan1
people |ept on s|nn|ng, t|e newet ctop oisoc|al
gosoelpteacbetsseeoe1toloseia|tb|nexbott|ng
an1ptay|ng.manyoo1etnl|betalcletgyoentatn
to govetnoent, an1 not to Go1, to cottect ev|ls
|nt|esoc|etyatoan1tbeo
many oo1etn l|betal o|n|stets seeo to bave
lost coni1ence |n Go1. T|ey teact to ptobleos
atoan1 t|eobyexett|ng ptessate, |ntbenaoeoi
Cbt|st|an cbatcbes, iot |e1etal laws wb|cb w|ll
|opose t|e|t not|ons oi eqaal|tyan1ootal|tyon
tbe ent|te nat|on. Tbey 1o not bel|eve |n volan-
taty,|n1|v|1aalCbt|st|ang|v|ngexcepttotbe|t
ownc|atcbes T|eybel|eve|notgan|ze1pol|t|cal
pressures for legislation which will force other
peopletog|ve
Gteat naobets oi oo1etn cletgyoen appat
entlybavecooeto tegat1 tbe|t j ob as be|ng, not
o|n|stetsoi tbe Gospel oi)esas, bat |otoalatots
o|pabl|cop|n|onontbeeconoo|can1soc|alptob
leos oi oat t|oes Tbey bave becooe classcon
sc|oas pol|t|cal tob|nboo1s . petpetaally pet|t|on
|ng govetnoent to ta|e ooney away itoo one
gtoapoic|t|zensiot1|stt|bat|ontoanotbetgtoap.
One o11 t||ng aboat tbe a1vance1 t|eolog|cal
e1acat|on wb|cb bas taagbt Aoet|cas oo1etn
cletgyoen to1esp|seAoet|ca s ptoutoot|ve eco
noo|csysteo. |tbas|a|le1to telltbeowbattbey
atego|ng to 1o iot c|atcb ba|l1|ngs, an1 cbatcb
pt|nt|ng ptesses, an1 c|atcb eqa|poent, an1
cbatcb salat|es aitet tbey bave el|o|nate1 tbe
Aoet|can systeo oiptoutoot|vate1 cap|tal|so
vetyc|atcbptopettyan1evetypteacbet ssa|
aty |n tbe Ln|te1 :tates ate pto1ace1 by |n1|v|
1aal people wot||ng |ot a ptout.
Well|n|otoe1|nvest|gatotsan1sc|olats|nt|e
secat|ty uel1ategtavelyconcetne1aboatwbat|s
go|ngon|ntbetel|g|oas uel1 T|eyatenotwot
t|e1aboattbe25,000 |1ent|uableoeobetso|tbe
Coooan|st Patty, L:A. Tbey ate not gtavely
wott|e1 aboattbecletgyoenw|obaveba1 sooe
connect|on w|tb coooan|st act|v|t|es
mosto|tbeselattetateloyaltoGo1an1coan
tty. many oitbeogot |nto coooan|st itonts be
caase t|ey coal1n t tell tbeo itoo tespectable
otgan|zat|ons
T here |s tbe 1anget tbe langaage oi oo1etn
l |betal|so |s so s|o|lat to tbe langaage oi coo
oan|so tbe toot |1eas oi soc|al|so ate so close
,
ly a||n to conteopotaty 1octt|nes oi tbe soc|al
gospel tbat oanycannottell tbe 1|etence.
* * * * *
HOPE
Cbt|st|an lea1ets ate concetne1 aboat conteo
Page 398
potaty attac|s on t|e C|t|st|an c|atc|es. I s|ate
t|at concetn.
Catp|ngandanjast|uedct|t|c|sooioatc|atc|es
ptov|des ioddet iot t|e ptopaganda o|lls oit|e
eneoy.Yet,|iC|t|st|ancongtegat|onsoiAoet|ca
do not oecooe ct|t|cally consc|oas oi t|e bas|c
|ssaes |nvolved |n t|esttaggle oi oat t|oes, and
do not exett evety eiiott to cottect gtave ettots
on t|e patt oi t|e ptoiess|onal and lay leadet
s||p oi t|e c|atc|es, t|egteat C|t|st|an |nst|ta
t|onsw|ll,atbest,benot||ngbettett|anpleasant
soc|al otgan|zat|ons. At wotst, t|ey can becooe
dangetoas ptopaganda centets iot soc|al|so.
T |egteatsttaggle oioat t|oe |sawat to t|e
deat| between t|e C|t|st|an iotces oi iteedoo
andt|eat|e|st|ciotcesoislavety. It|s,t|eteiote,
dangetoasly s|gn|ucant t|at Aoet|can C|t|st|ans
w|lltoletateanygestateon t|epattoit|e|town
c|atc|otgan|zat|onstoannoanceneattal|ty|nt||s
gteatsttaggle, ot toletate any it|endly itatetn|z
|ng w|t| t|e |nown agents oi coooan|so, ot
toletatea btot|et|oodbta|nwas|w||c| tesalts
|nt|eoatlaw|ngoiC|t|st|an|nsttact|oniott|e|t
c||ldten.
Hav|ng been teated and edacated |n t|e in
tellectaa| atoosp|eteoi t|e twent|et| centaty
an atoosp|ete laden w|t| t|e v|tas oi soc|al|so
oany oi oat C|t|st|an leadets seeo nevet to
|ave leatned, otto |ave iotgotten, t|at t|e Gos
pel oi)esas |ssp|t|taa| . T|ey t||n||t|s oetely a
ootal oessage to |elp oen solve t|e oatet|al
ptob| eo oi laoan te|at|ons Hence, t|ey eas|ly
|dent|iyt|eteac||ngsoi)esasw|t|t|esoc|al|st|c
|deal oi eniotced oatet|al|st|c eqaal|ty iot t|e
|aoan tace T|ey s|ow oote zeal iot btot|et
|ood and toget|etness t|an iot t|e sav|ng
gtace oi oat lotd )esas.
T||s w|t|et|ng oi sp|t|taal|ty and gtowt| oi
oatet|al|so ate pt|oaty c|atactet|st|cs oi t|e
twent|et| centaty
Howlate|st|e|oat|nt|en|g|toioat||stoty ?
Not too late.
T|e|opeoioat t|oest|e |ope oi oan||nd
iotall iatateages|st|atC|t|st|ans ( |nAoet|
ca, at least, |aveatlong lastbeganto tetatn to
t|e Ia|t| oi t|e|t iat|ets.
Aoet|cansatebeg|nn|ngto|angetiotsp|t|taal
sastenance. Intell|gentoen ate teal|z|ng t|at sc|
ence |s a o|g|ty tool w||c| God ptov|ded. In-
stead oi attogantly tej ect|ng God, becaase t|ey
now|avesc|ence,t|eyategtow|ngoote|aoble
becaase|ttoo|t|e|aoantacesolongtodevelop
sooet||ng t|at God oade poss|blew|enHe cte
ated t|e |aoano|nd.
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Page 399
Instead ot accept|ng t|e soc|a||st|c ctedo t|at
oan w|t| sc|ence and w|t| sc|ent||c po||t|ca|
otgan|za:|on no longet needs God bat can
| |tt ||ose|t by ||s bootsttaps, |ntell|gent Aoet|
cans ate beg|nn|ng to tea||ze t|at a wots||p ot
:c|ence and ot :c|ent|nc po||t|ca| otgan|za
t|on' w|ll cteate a Itan|enste|noonstet capab|e
otdesttoy|ngtbebaoan tace.
Is|tnotobv|oast|atevety oajot o|taca|oas
btea|t|toag| |n sc|ent|nc d|scovety, t|oag| |t
oay solve a oa|t|tadeot oatet|a| ptob|eos tot
oen, cteates oote teatta| dangets tott|e|aoan
tace t|an t|e oost anen||g|tened savage coa|d
evet|aag|ne|nt|edat|togot||ssapetst|t|ons ?
Is not t|e wotld today a oote tt|g|tened, d|s
ttaag|t, ttenz|ed, and |nsecate place t|an evet
betote|nt|elong,ttag|c||stotyota+n ssttagg|e
tot en||g|tenoent ?
Peop|e w|o |ave tot a |ong t|aeoat ot
|gnotance, ot |nd|etence, ot sooet||ngto|
|owed t|e leadets||p ot o|sga|ded aen, |nto a
deadend ot ttasttat|on and doabt and teat, ate
now beg|nn|ng to seatc| tot t|e anseatc|able
t|c|es ot C|t|st.
Itcaoeapont|eo|dn|g|tcleat. As t|ewb|te
noc|s lay s|eep|ng along tbe ||lls ot Ga||lee,
Cbt|st was botn.
And there were in the same country shepherds
abiding in the feld, keeping watch over their
fock by night. And, 10, the angel of the Lord
came upon them, and the glory of the Lord
shone round them; and they were sore afraid.
And the angel said unto them:
"Fear not, for behold, I bring you good tidings
of great j oy, which shall be to all people. For
unto you is born this day in the city of David a
Saviour, which is Christ the Lord."
T |at |s t|e |opeott|ewot|d.
* * * * *
THIS ISSUE
T||s |ssae ot t|e Report |s ta|en ttoo Dan
:ooots utst boo|, T he Hope of T he World.
Pt|ce $2. 00, postpa|d byoa|l ttoot|e oce ot
T|e Dan :ooot Repott
1940. In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a doctorate
Page 400
M
I(I Smoot Report
Vol. 9, No. 5 1 (Broadcast 435) December 23, 1 963 Dallas, Texas
1Hb L b W N
There is no terror in your threats . . . for I am armed so stmng in honesty that they
pass by me as the idle wind, which 1 respect not. Shakes
p
eare
DAN SMOOT
Jop lea1ets oi t|e Kenne1y a1o|n|sttat|on ielt t|at stt|ct const|tat|onal l|o|tat|ons ten1ete1
t|e ie1etalgovetnoent |ncapableoioeet|ngt|e nee1s oi t|e nat|on, an1 oi t|e wotl1, |n t||s
centaty.T|eyoitenscotne1t|eol1Aoet|canie1etalsysteo (w||c| leit state govetnoents w|t|
sovete|gn t|g|ts an1, t|as, pto||b|te1 concenttat|on oi powet |n t|e centtal govetnoent , be
caase t|ey 1|1 not bel|eve t|at sac| itagoentat|onoipol|t|ca|powetwasa1eqaateiott|enee1s
oisoc|ety |n t|eoo1etn wotl1.
Ptogtaos oit|eRepubl|cana1o|n|sttat|onoi iotoet Ptes|1ent |sen|owet tenecte1 t|e saoe
conv|ct|ons , bat |sen|owet spo|esoen wete less iott|t|g|taboatt|e|tconv|ct|ons. t|eygenetally
gaveoote l|p setv|cetoAoet|can const|tat|onal pt|nc|ples t|an new itont|et lea1ets 1|1.
Dat|ng t|e |sen|owet teg|oe, t|eteiote, pol|t|cal apat|y an1 conias|on wete w|1esptea1. be
caase|twas|at1tocooetogt|psw|t||sen|owet. Iiyoaweteconsetvat|ve ( w|t|oattealan
1etstan1|ngoit|eteto, yoacoal1un1cooiott|npabl|cptonoanceoents oi consetvat|ve bas|
nessoenont|e|sen|owetteao. Ot,|iyoawete l|betal, yoacoal1un1 cooiott |n|sen|owet
ptogtaos w||c| |gnote1 const|tat|onal l|o|tat|onsan1 pat t|e |e1etalgovetnoent|nt|e to|e oi
a total|tat|an weliate state.
T|e telat|ve can1ot oi new itont|etsoen, |n a1vocat|ng t|e saoe ||n1s oi ptogtaos w||c|
|sen|owet |a1 a1vocate1, cteate1 s|atp conttovets|es w||c| t|e |sen|owet vagaeness nevet
atoase1 Conseqaently, new itont|et ptogtaos, t|oag| not 1|etent |n ||n1 itoo t|ose oi t|e
ptev|oas a1o|n|sttat|on, evo|e1 oote oppos|t|on.W|eteasptog:aosoitotal|tat|anl|betal|sooet
l|ttle 1eteto|ne1 tes|stance 1at|ng e|g|t |sen|owetyeats, t|esaoe, ots|o|lat, ptogtaos wete
apptoac||ngstaleoate aitetlesst|an t|teeyeatsoi||s saccessot.
address P. O. Box 9538, Lakewood Station, Dallas, Texas 75214; Telephone TAylor 1 -2303 ofice address
Page 401
T|e Congressional Quarterly, Novembet 22,
i )6), teveals t|at, oi 25 majot p|eces oi leg|sla
t|onsappotte1 by t|e a1m|n|sttat|on, 7 wete en
acte1 |nto law. T|ete was l|ttle l||el||oo1 t|at
t|e I|tst :ess|on oi t|e sst| Congtess woal1 ap
ptoveonemotet|anonet||t1oit|eKenne1ya1
m|n|sttat|on's leg|slat|ve ptogtam.
T|e ma|n oppos|t|on to te late Ptes|1ents
ptogtams was not patt|san|n t|e sapethc|al
senseoiRepublicans oppos|ngmeasatesptopose1
by Democrats. Iot t|e most patt, consetvat|ve
Repabl|cans |nCongtess w|o oppose1 new iton
t|et measates |a1 t|esame mot|ves as Democtats
w|o j o|ne1 t|em t|ey cons|1ete1 t|e measates
|atmial, anconst|tat|onal
Pabl|coppos|t|onto t|enewitont|etwascom
pletely 1|votce1 itom patt|san pol|t|cs Const|ta
t|onalconsetvat|vesatenotpt|mat|ly|nteteste1|n
t|eweliateoipol|t|cal patt|es T|eycl|ngto t|e
ian1amentalpt|nc|plesoigovetnmentwt|tten |n
to t|eConst|tat|onan1 B|ll oiR|g|ts T|ey sap
pott pol|t|c|ans w|o ap|ol1 t|ose pt|nc|ples, be
caaset|eyt||n| agteatnat|on s|oal1 c|et|s| t|e
ioan1at|ons oi |tsgteatness
|t|Ptes|1entKenne1y|nt|eW||teHoase,
t|e gteat pol|t|cal |ssaes wete becom|ng w|1ely
an1etstoo1. Beiote t|e assass|nat|on, t|etewas a
gtow|ng sense oiopt|m|sm, almost oi j ab|lat|on,
among Amet|can consetvat|ves T|e ptospect
was bt|g|t t|at t|e ptes|1ent|al elect|on oi i)64
woal1 oet t|e people oi Amet|ca, iot t|e htst
t|me |n t||s genetat|on, a cleat c|o|ce between
total|tat|an l|betal|sm an1 const|tat|onal consetv
at|sm. Const|tat|onal consetvat|ves wete elate1
byt||s ptospect, becaase t|ey bel|eve t|at votets,
|i g|ven a cleat c|o|ce, w|ll vote iot can1|1ates
w|o stan1 htmly on t|e Const|tat|on. T|e same
ptospect seeme1 to hll l|betals w|t| b|ttetness,
poss|bly becaase l|betals also teal|ze t|at t|e|t
pol|t|cal p||losop|y w|ll be tejecte1, |i pat to a
ia|t contest at t|e polls One |n1|cat|on t|at l|b-
etal lea1etsatecom|ngtosac|teal|zat|onmaybe
ioand |nt|e Ialbt|g|t memotan1am oi i)6i
in woico :enatot j. W|ll|am Ialbt|got ( Demo
ctat, At|ansas, a1m|tte1 t|at t|e people, | i g|v
en a c|o|ce, woal1 teject sac| l|betal ptogtams
as iote|gn a|1
J|oag|Ptes|1entKenne1ywast|eatc|pol|t
|cal ioe oi const|tat|onal consetvat|sm, consetv
at|ves wete s|ncetely s|oc|e1 an1 sa11ene1 by
t|eassass|nat|on L|betals,w|o|1ol|ze1t|ePtes
| 1ent, exptesse1 l|ttle tesentment iot t|e mat
1etet bat |eape1venom on consetvat|ves.
T|e Reveten1 ) Claa1e vans, C|apla|n oi
:oat|etn met|o1|st Ln|vets|ty, Dallas, 1el|vete1
a uemot|al setmon iot Ptes|1ent Kenne1y,
saymg.
"The word of President Kennedy's assassina
tion came to me while I was . . . in Chicago . . . .
Could it be true that Dallas who had spit on a
vice-presidential candidate, clobbered with a
picket sign the country's Ambassador to the
United Nations, had now killed the President
of the United States? The reality of the fact
lent unreality to the moment.
"I hastened to the airport hoping to catch an
early plane back to Dallas . . . . An airport
limousine driver preached a short sermon to
those of us on his bus. 'Jesus Christ, what's wrong
with people who would do something like that?'
. . . I did not tell him I was from Dallas . e .
"How long will it take for us in Dallas to see
that we participate in the crucifixion of Jesus
by a cultural climate so
.
conc
rne
.
d about self
that it unleashes a demomc radIcahsm that ends
in the murder of the President? The cross of
Jesus is nailed up afresh by the radical rightists
who use freedom to deny freedom to alternate
views . . . .
"It is ironic that a maniac of the radical left
perpetrated the actual assassination of Presient
Kennedy. But this is no argument
.
fo the rIght
ness of the right . . . . The radIc
,
hsm
.
of
he
extreme leftist of the forties, the radIcal rIghtIsts
of today are blood brothers . . . .
"Whatever else President Kennedy stood for,
he did stand for the free discussion of issues in
a free and open society. And this s what we are
in danger of losing . . . . We are bemg th
eate
.
ned
by those who operate in the dark, who slmk mto
deserted buildings with high-powered guns and
ammunition, who write anonymous letters at
tacking professors at Southern Methodist Uni
versity and circulate them among the student
Page 402
body and potential contributors. We are in dan
ger of being frightened into silence by being
labelled 'socialists' or 'do gooders' or communist
influenced . . . . "
( 2)
Dt. vans, pta|s|ng itee d|scass|oo oi |ssaes
|oa itee aod opeo soc|ety, seeos oattaged tbat
consetvat|ves bave iteedoo to d|scass anytb|ng.
Tb|s ooed|oens|onal v|ewpo|ot typ|ues l|betal
|so |noat t|oe.
Tbe Sacramento ' Cal|iotn| a] Bee sa| d.
"He came t o the Presidency, did Kennedy, in
an hour of rising extremism and in an hour
when the preachers of hate were spreading their
gospels of Fascism across the land and because
this is a free land they were permitted to speak.
Now Kennedy is dead and a piece of America
died with him."( 3)
TbeBee asesfascism asalabeliotcoost|tat|on
al coosetvat|ves.
Rabb| me|t Ias|et, oi Teople)adea Congte
gat|on |n Pb|ladelpb|a, sa|d.
"For in our hearts, we know, that we cannot
throw the entire guilt upon the head of the young
assassin, nor even upon the shoulders of the white
council groups - who undoubtedly infuenced,
by their corrupt standards, this irrational act.
For in truth we are all somewhat responsible
. . . permitting such conditions to develop -that
lawlessness was bound to raise its ugly head. "( 5)
Note tbatRabb|Ias|et d|dnotcalltbePtes|
deot's oatdetet a coooan|st. He called b|o a
yoaog assass|o. Tbe Rabb| exptessed a sent|
oent tbat was v|ttaally an|vetsal |n tbe pto
noanceoents oi l|betals. oaoely, tbat tbe wbole
oat|on oast sbate tbe blaoe iot cteat|og an at
oospbete wb|cb encoataged a oao|ac to ||ll.
Tb|s |s nonsense, and a gtata|toas |nsalt to tbe
people oi Aoet|ca. Tbe beat eogendeted by po
l|t|cal coon|ct between l|betals aod coosetvat|ves
badnotb|ogtodow|tb tbeiacttbatacoooan|st
sbottbe Ptes|dent.
Ii tbete is any conoect|oo between a national
att|tade and tbe oatdet oi Pres|dent Kennedy,
tbose |ovolved |n tbat connect|oo ate l|betals.
Iotyeats, l|betals bave oa|nta|ned tbat coooa
nists in t|eUnitec :tates atenot caogetoas, anc
bave sneeted at wbat tbey called consetvat|ve
bystet|a aboat tbe daogets oi coooao|so At
totney Genetal Robett I. Kenedy bas been
blantly vocal |n tb|s tegatd. Intbe iall oi 1 961 ,
Attotoey Genetal Kennedy |nv|ted Waltet Rea
tbet to sabo|t tecoooeodat|ons aboat conttol
l|ng and s|lenc|ng tbe tad|cal t|gbt. Tbe Rea
tbet oeootandao to Robett Kennedy ( sabo|t
ted Deceobet 19, 1 961 ) , tecoooeoded, aoong
otbet tb|ngs, tbat tad|calt|gbt|sts be placedon
tbeAttotoey Genetal's sabvets|ve l|st. Accotd|ng
to Reatbet, a bas|c iallacy oi tbe tad|cal t|gbt
a oa|n teasoo wby coosetvat|ves ate danget
oasandsboaldbedeclatedsabvets|ve |s tbe|t
ovet-eopb+s|s oo tbe dangets oi dooest|c coo
oao|so. ''
Coocetn|ng tbe genetal l|betal allegat|oo tbat
Dallas eov|toooent sooebow caased a coooa
n|sttooatdettbePtes|dent . |t|snotewottbytbat
Dallas booes wb|cb Iee Hatvey Oswald |s te-
potted to bave v|s|ted wete booes oi l|betal |n
tellectaals. Tbe only oeet|ng tbat Oswald |s
|nowotobave attended |nDallaswasa oeet|ng
oitbe Aoet|can C|v|l I|bett|es Lo|on, at :oatb
etn metboc|st Ln|vets|ty, oo tbe n|gbt oi Octo
bet 25 , 1963. Tbe ACILoeet|ngtbat o|gbt iea
tated a ulo potttay|ng tbe ev|l oi t|gbtw|ng
extteo|so |n tbe :tate oi Wasb|ngton, wbete,
|n 1 962, a state teptesentat|ve was deieated iot
teelect|on becaase t|gbtw|ngets d|sclosed tbe
iact tbat tbe teptesentat|ve's w|ie bad once beeo
a oeobet oi tbecoooan|st patty. ' ''
Maki ng The Most Of I t
1itbePtes|dentbadbeenoatdetedbyaoan|
acwbo cla|oed to bea )obo B|tcbet ot a tac|al
segtegat|on|st, tbe v|g|laotes oi l |betal|so woald
teallybestal||ng tbeland. BattbePtes|dentwas
oatceted by a coooao|st. Tboagb tb|s iact
seeos patt|calatly d|scoocett|ng to l|betals, | t
basoot|epttbeoitoocap|tal|z|ngontbeeveot.
On Noveobet 29, 1 963, Lo|ted :tates Repte
sentative R|cbatc Boll|ng ( l|betal Deooctat
ltoo Missoati , cemancec t|at seniotity ptivi
leges on cooo|ttees be den|ed Deooctats wbo
Pae 403
teiase co sappotc all pollcles and candldaces oi
c|e naclonal Deooctac Patcy. Bolllng called
soac|etn consetvaclve Deooctacs sabvetslves
and qalsllngs oi c|e Deooctaclc Patcy.
''
Lnlced :caces Reptesencaclve Hatty R. :|ep
patd ( llbetal Deooctac itoo Calliotnlaj pte
dlcced c|ac a c|ascened Congtess, sobeted by
c|e assasslnaclon oi c|e Ptesldenc, wlll ptobably
pass c|e Kennedy clvll tlg|cs and cax-cac pto
posals beiote c|e end oi c|e yeat. '''
T|ls was c|e appeal c|ac Ptesldenc )o|nson
oade, ln|ls speec| coa j olncsesslonoiCongtess
on Noveabet z, i )6). Ptesldenc)o|nson atged
Congtess co |onot c|e lace Ptesldenc by passlng
|ls clvll tlg|cs and cax bl|ls. W|lle pleadlng iot
|atoony and naclonal anlcy, and c|e ellolnaclon
oi |ace and blccetness, c|e Ptesldenc atged pte
clplcace acclon on leglslaclon w|lc| oany tegatd
asdlvlslve and|ace-lnclclng.
lg|c days beiote c|e assasslnaclon, c|e
:enace voced apptoval oi :enacot Katl mandcs
aoendoenc co c|e Fotelgn Ald Accpto|lbl
clng c|e xpotc-Iopotc Ban| itoo gaatanceelng
ctedlc co coooanlsc naclons iot patc|ases ln c|e
Lnlced :caces. Iacet, :enacot mandc (Repabll
can, :oac| Da|oca, , ln tesponse co adolnlscta
clon pleas, wlc|dtew |ls aoendoenc and tesab
olcced lc as a sepatace blll. T|e mandc ptoposal
was noc lncended co pto|lblc sales co coaoanlsc
naclons,bacoetelycoteqaltecas|paymencsitoo
c|eo.
Foat days aicet c|e assasslnaclon, c|e mandc
Blll ( w|ose baslc ptovlslons c|e :enace |ad al
teady apptovedj caoeco avoce. :enace maj otlcy
Ieadet ml|e mansneld tead co c|e :enace a
leccet itom c|e deceased Ptesldenc atglng deieac
oi c|e Blll. Ic was deieaced by a voce oi 57 co
35. ( 10)
1n )anaaty, i)6i, Lnlced :caces Reptesenca
clve Vlccot I. Aniaso (l lbetal Deooctac, New
Yot|j lnctodaced a blll teqaltlng Aoetlcan
clclzens co teglscet c|elt |andgans wlc| c|e Fed
etal Bateaa ot invest|gat|on. 1oe bill lay penc
lng ln c|e Hoase )adlclaty Coooltcee iot oote
c|an a yeat. In matc|, i)6z ( w|en c|ete wete
lndlcaclons oi eotc co |ave c|e blll tepotced
oac oi cooolcceej , an lssae oi c|ls Report dealc
wlc| c|e sabj ecc, Rlg|c To Keep And Beat
Atos.
T|e :econd Aoendoenc co c|e Consclcaclon
pto|lblcsc|e iedetalgovetnoenc itoo lnit|nglng
apon c|e tlg|c oi c|e people co |eep and beat
atos. Fedetal uteatos conctol cleatly v|olaces
c|ls consclcaclonal ptocecclon iot law-abldlng clc
lzens, bac does noc co any degtee tedace ctloes
oivlolence by ptevenclng ctlolnals itoo acqalt
lng deadly weapons. Indeed, ctloes oi vlolence
genetally lnctease w|en law-abldlng clclzens ate
denled oeans oi seli deiense.
Pabllclcy aboac c|e Aniaso Blll pteclplcaced
oasslve pabllc ptocesc. T|e Blll dled ln cooolc
cee w|en c|e sc| Congtess adj oatned ln l)6z.
Dtew Peatson, ln a syndlcaced colaon daced
Deceobet ), i)6) ( |eadllned, by sooe papets
w|lc| ptlnced lc, as Hace Gtoaps' Role lnKen
nedysDeac|j , sal d.
"1 hate groups had not pressured Congress
against passage of an arms registration act, Pres
ident Kennedy might still be alive today. Early
in 1 962, Representative Victor Anfuso, the
Brooklyn Democrat, introduced a bill requiring
individuals to register frearms with the FBI . . . .
There was a storm of criticism from the right
wing and a food of letters to Congress. It's sig
nifcant that part of the opposition came from
Dallas where Dan Smoot . . . conducts a right
wing radio program and sends a newsletter to
gullible readers . . . .
"What motive, ulterior or otherwise, the pro
fascists had in opposing the registering of fre
arms is not known. At any rate, the pressure was
so great the bill did not pass . . . v
T|ePeatsoncolaonlspatcoialeitwlngeotc
co ase c|e Ptesldencs assasslnaclon as ptopa
ganda iotleglslaclon w|lc| vlolac
s a i
'
ndaoen
cal tlg|c oi c|e people and w|.c|, m caloet
clmes, c|e people and c|e Congtess sceadiascly
opposed.
1.the political arena, also, liberals are trying
cocaplcallzeonc|eoatdetoiPtesldencKennedy.
Page 404
Tbe most disttessiug examp|e, to date, is iu Loa
isiaua. Befote tbe assassiuatiou, tbe govetuot's
tace iu Loaisiaua (ntst ptimaty of tbe Democtat
Pattyj was alteady iuteuse. No caudidate was
exptessiug batted of Ptesideut Keuuedy, bat
tbe Keuuedy admiuisttatiou was tbe ptedomi
uaut issae. Astate obsetvets felt tbat au auti
Keuuedy caudidate was boaud to wiu, becaase,
amoug tbe peop|e of Loaisiaua, tbete was ttemeu
doas oppositiou to ptactica||y al| uew ftoutiet
ptogtams.
Iollowiug tbe assassiuatiou, libeta|s a||eged|y
couvetted tbe Loaisiaua political tace iuto a bate
campaigu. Accotdiug to tepotts, sappottets of
|ibeta| caudidates tau ads iu uewspapets, sayiug
tbat a vote fot au autiKeuuedy caudidate woa|d
be àu eudotsemeut of tbe Da||as ttagedy aud a
coudemuatiou of tbe lawfa| ptocesses of govetu
meut. ' '''
Ou Decembet , i)6), The Shreveport Times
said, editotially.
"During the fnal few days of the state primary
campaigns, a revolting efort is being made in
some parts of the state actually to capitalize on
the horrible and tragic assassination of a presi
dent of the United States.
"This is being done in an obvious efort to
create hate in the hearts of voters for two specifc
candidates who are described falsely and with
out one iota of documentation as 'haters' of John
Fitzgerald Kennedy . . . e
"Every individual who voted for Mr. Kennon
or Mr. McKeithen [ anti-Kennedy candidates] is
damned as 'endorsing' the assassination of a
'd t " prest en . . . .
Tbete wete seveu majot caudidates iu tbe Loa
isiaua gabetuatotia| ptimaty, beld ou Decembet
, i )6). DeLesseps Mottisou ( ptoKeuuedy cau
didatej nuisbed ntst , ]obu ]. McKe|tbeu ( auti
Keuuedy caudidatej nuisbed secoud. Tbete
wi|| be a secoud, ot tau-oh, ptimaty e|ectiou
betweeu tbese two, uext ]auaaty.
President Johnson
T
u ois ntst majot speeco as Ptesiceut, Mt. ]oou
sou, witb ptacticed attistty, played apou tbe ovet
wtoagbt emotious of Cougtess aud tbe peop|e
as|iug apptova| of couttovetsia| |egis|atiou as a
ttibate to tbe fa||eu Ptesideut. Wi|| tbe Ptesi
deut coutiuae iu tbis veiu? Wi|| be, too, iu i)64,
tty to ma|e po|itica| capita| of tbe assassiuatiou?
Mt. ]obusou's tecotd iudicates tbat be w||l.
Iu tbe sptiug of i)6, tbe ptimaty e|ectious iu
Texas wete a coutest, betweeu tbe |ibeta| fotces
of Lyudou B. ]obusou aud tbe cousetvative fot
ces of A||au Sbivets, fot coutto| of tbe Democtat
Patty. Tbe ]obusou fotces wou. Iu a speecb to a
B'uai B' titb couveutiou iu Wasbiugtou ( Hay 8,
i)6j , ]obusou said tbat tbe victoty of bis |ibeta|
fotces was a tej ectiou of `tbe vicioas attempt to
iuj ect tacial batted iuto Texas politics. (12) Bat
cousetvatives bad uot taised tbe tacia| issae' It
was ]obusou's |ibetals wbo tal|ed aboat taci '
batted.
Mote teceut|y, iu tbe Ptesideutia| campaigu of
i )6u, Mt. ]obusou tepeatedly iusiuaated tbat
auyoue opposed to bim aud Mt. Keuuedy was
autiCatbo|ic. ]obusou te|eut|ess|y ased tbe `te
|igioas issae iu i )6u, wbi|e accasiug Repab|i
caus of taisiug |t, tboagb Repab|icaus catefa||y
avoided tbe issae tbtoagboat tbe campaigu.
1s Ptesideut ]obusou mote cousetvative tbau
Ptesideut Keuuedy was ? He is uot. Iusofat as
tbeit votiug tecotds iu tbe Seuate cau be com
pated, tbe tecotds teveal tbat Seuatot ]obu I.
Keuuedy voted mote cousetvative|y tbau Seuatot
]obusou. A taba|atiou of 4) |ey votes wbicb
]obusou cast iu tbe Seuate datiug i)) aud i )6u
(wbeu be was maj otity |eadetj teveals tbat be
voted witb cousetvatives ) times, witb |ibetals
4u times wbicb gave bim a cousetvative tat
iug of .
His tbtee cousetvative votes .
( I ) for retaining anti-communist loyalty oaths
required by the National Defense Education Act;
(2) for retaining cloture rules which permit
"flibuster" in the Senate; (3) against increasing
appropriations for the United States Informa
tion Agency.
]oousou s 4u |ibeta| votes iu toe Seuate catiug
i)) aud i )6u.
Page 405
( 1 ) 10 votes for foreign aid; (2) 4 votes for
public housing; ( 3) 7 votes for subsidies to pri
vate industry; (4) 1 vote for subsidies to local
governments; ( 5) 1 vote for liberal labor legisla
tion; (6) I vote for federal aid to education; ( 7) 7
votes for social legislation - such as, federal aid
to depressed areas, Youth Conservation Corps,
the food stamp program, federal aid for sewage
plants and other public works, extensions of
Social Security benefts; (8) 2 votes for aid to
communist nations; (9) 2 votes for civil rights
measures; ( 1 0) I vote for federal hydro-electric
power dams; ( 1 1 ) 1 vote for federal control
.
of
elections; ( 1 2) 3 votes for measures promotmg
the cause of world government.
Jobnson |s a s||llial mo1etacot an1 compto
m|set. W||| be, tbeteiote, be mote to|etant oi
ct|c|c|sm cban tbe |ate Ptes|1ent was, tbas ma|
|ng poss|b|e iotcbt|gbc 1|scass|on oi bas|c |ssaes,
w|tb |ess b|ttetness tban bas pteva||e1 |n tecenc
yeats ? Ptes|1enc)obnson |s not a to|etant man. It
|s |ncetesc|ngco compate b|sacc|ca1ecowat1 con
st|tac|onal consetvac|ves (wbom be ca||s t|gbc
w|ng exctem|scs, w|cb tbat oi Ptes|1enc Ken
ne1y. Tbe |ace Ptes|1enc 1|1 spea| |atsbly, an1
oicen, |n1enanc|ac|onoit|gbcw|ngexttem|sts.
I niacc, tbe speecb beba1 scbe1a|e1 iot Dal|as
on tbe 1ay oi b|s assass|nat|on was on cbac sab
j ecc , bac Ptes|1enc Kenne1y nevet
.
ab||c|y
cbteatene1 tos||ence b|s t|gbc-w|ng ctt.cs. On
cbeotbet ban1, noce some temat|s by Mt. )obn
son, |n May, l )6, 1at|ng a speecb co a gtoap
oi new itonc|et lawyets at Wasb|ngcon D. C.
Mt. )obnson accase1 t|gbt-w|ngets oi |tte
spons|b|||cy, say|ng.
"But we cannot aford paralysis, and paralysis
is what this irresponsibility will bring if it is
not checked. I do not accept the counsel of those
who continue to say that irresponsibilit
y
.
shou!d
be left to run its own course. By defmtIon, Ir
responsibility has
o s
lf-limiti
g
.
cpaci
y. There
is no point at whIch Irre
ponsIbIhty wIll volun

tarily stop and responsIbly assess the conse-
f
.
M( 1+I
quences 0 ItS course.
Istbatnocatbteaccomazzle ct|c|cs wbomMt.
|obnson tegat1s as ittespons|ble ?'
1oes Ptes|1ent )obnson bave mote tespecc
tot toe metcan constitutional s
y
stem than his
|mme1|ate pte1ecessots |n tbe ptes|1ency ? Ic | s
1oabcia| . On)aly l , l )6, Mt. )obnson spo|e
|n Cbeyenne, Wyom|ng, 1eien1|ng :enacot Ga|e
McGee ( || betal Democtac, Wyom|ng, . :enatot
McGee |s |n po||c|ca| ctoable |n Wyom|ng, be
caase oi tbe gtow|ng sttengtb oi const|tat|ona|
consetvat|ves. Mt. )obnson ca|le1 consetvac|ves
pe11lets oi 1oabt an1 1enoance1 cbe|t v|ews
as teacc|onaty. He sa| 1.
"The West will not fourish as the 20th Cen
tury's land of prosperity if it is turned backward
into an 1 8th Century desert of political un
reality.
,,
( l 5)
Tbe l stb Cencaty pto1ace1 cbe Amet|can con
sc|cac|onal system. Nootbet coancty, |n any o.bet
pet|o1 oi tecot1e1 b|stoty, was blesse1 w|tb as
macb po||c|ca| teal|cy, gen|as, w|s1om, an1
|eatn|ng as tbe l Amet|can :taces wb|cb sent
cbe Foan1|ng Facbets co a Consc|cat|onal Con
venc|onacPb|la1elpb|a|nMay, ls.
Jbe nat|on bas caase iot gtave concetn be
caase oi )obnson s att|ta1e cowat1 an|ons an1
tbe negto vote. Ptes|1ent Kenne1y catete1 to
an|on bosses an1 negto |ea1ets, bat noc to cbe
1egteecbac )obnson 1oes Ptes|1encKenne1y, |n
1e||b|y |1ent|ue1 as an eastetn ||betal, ba1 tbe
iotegone sappott oi an|on bosses an1 negto
lea1etsalmosc |n cbesamewaycbaccbeDemoctac
Patcy iot a |ong t|me ba1a pol|c|ca| btass co|lat
on tbe :ol|1 :oatb. )obnson, be|ng a Texan,
|1ent|ue1w|tb o|l an1cattle, st||| iee|s anee1to
ptove b|mseli w|tb negto an1 an|on |ea1ets
1esp|te b|s cons|stent sappott ol a|| majot pto
gtams a1vocace1 by negto otgan|zac|ons an1 an
|ons. It |s s|gn|ucanc tbac one oi cbe utst cele
pbone ca|ls Mt. )obnson ma1e as Ptes|1ent was
to Dav|1 Dab|ns|y, bea1 oitbe Ia1|es Gatment
Wot|ets Ln|on, a powetial pol|c|cal ugate |n
extteme |eitw|ng |abot c|tcles. Matc|n Iacbet
K|ng an1 Koy W||||nsexctem|sc |eicw|ng ne-
gto lea1etswete among tbe utsc non-govetn
mental petsons wbom Ptes|1ent )obnson |nv|te1
co tbeWb|teHoase iot conietence.
The Road Ahead
1n|esstbantbteeyeats, oppos|t|ontocbeKen-
Page 406
ne1y a1m|n|sctac|on atouse1 an1 mob|l|ze1 con
setvac|ve totces. ItPtes|1encKenne1yba1 l|ve1,
an1|tconsetvac|vesba1toun1 ( |n:enacotGol1
wacet ot someone elsej a can1| 1ace co scan1
squately on consc|cuc|onal gtoun1s an1 1|teccly
ooooseevetymajot ool|cyotcbeKenne1ya1m|n
|sctac|on, elecc|ons |n l )64 coul1 bave been a
magn|hcencexamoleotc|eAmet|can1emoctac|c
otocess. ' We|l|ntotme1 consetvac|ves ba1 no
1oubc abouc cbe ouccome ot sucb an elecc|on.
vocetswoul1bavetej ecce1cbenewttonc|et. Pub
l|c oooos|c|onco cbelacePtes|1enc's ool|c|es ba1
altea1yteacbe1cbeotoootc|onsotamaj otool|c|
cal tevolcan1 was gtow|ng tasc.
Tbe lace Ptes|1enc |a1 become c|e ot|maty
symbol ot c|e totcbcom|ng ool|c|calsctuggle. on
cbe one |an1, cbe totemosc lea1et ot l|betal|sm,
on c|e ocbet, c|e a:c| ool|c|cal |oe o| consetva
c|sm. W|c| c|esymbolnowbecomeamatcyt, an1
w|cb c|etotcesotl|betal|smus|ngcbematcyt1om
tot ool|c|cal ga|n, cbe o|ccute |s contus|ng. Tbe
contus|onw|llbecomooun1e1byPtes|1enc]obn
son. w|o, 1eso|ce b|s tecot1, |as altea1y con
v|nce1 many c|ac be |s a mo1etace consetvac|ve.
Tb|s bas otomoce1 l|betal Reoubl|cans co |n
cens|ty cbe|t camoa|gn aga|ns|:enacotGol1wacet
|n tavototsome mo1etace, l||e R|cbat1 M.
N|xon.
It Reoubl|cans w|sb co w|n aga|nsc Ptes|1enc
]obnson|nl )64, cbey ba1 beccetnom|nace a con
sc|cuc|onal consetvac|ve. ]obnson w|ll ma|e any
ocbet ||n1 otReoubl|can oooonenc loo| tool|sb.
1cmay bec|acl|betalReoubl|canswoul1tacbet
lose cbe otes|1enc|a| elecc|on nexc yeat cban w|n
w|cbatealconsetvac|ve, buconecb|ng|scetca|n.
a l )64 elecc|on |n wb|c| vocets again bave co
c|oose becween cwo can1|1aces scan1|ng tot
|1enc|calool|c|eswoul1be1amag|ngcocbecause
ot l|betcy.
Consc|cuc|onal consetvac|ves can obv|ace sucb
1eveloomenc. T|emut1etota Ptes|1enc |as em
obac|cally otove1 cbecotteccness ot a bas|c con
setvac|ve scandnamely, c|ac commun|scs ate
1angetous |n cbe Ln|ce1 :caces an1 sboul1 be
ma1eco obey cbe laws ot c|e lan1. T|e cuttenc
ttenzyotl|be:alsotovesbacc|ee1ucac|onalwot|
ot consc|cuc|onal consetvac|ves |s c|ang|ng c|e
cl|mace ot oubl|c oo|n|on.
Consc|cuc|onal consetvac|ves sboul1 | ncens|ty
cbe|t e1ucac|onal wot|. Tbosew|o suoootc cam
oa|gns co ge: |n1eoen1enc balloc oos|c|ons tot
consetvac|ves nexc yeat, s|oul1 te1oublec|e|tet
totcs.TbosewbosuoootcGol1wacetsboul1otess
cbe :enacot co ma|e a cleat an1 emobac|c 1e
c|s|on soon. Ic |s c|me co en1 cbemotacot|um on
1|scuss|ons ot v|cal |ssues.
Born in Missouri, reared in Texas, Dan Smot went to SMU in Dallas, getting BA and MA degres in 1938 ad
1940. In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard as a Teaching Fellow in English, doing graduate work for a dotorate
investigations in the industrial Midwest; two years on FBI headquarters staff in Washington; and almost four years
on general FBI cases in various parts of the nation.
In 1951, Smoot resigned from the FBI and helped start Facts Forum. On Facts Forum radio and television pro
grams, Smoot spoke to a national audience, giving both sides of controversial issues.
In July, 1955, he resigned and started his present independent publishing and broadcasting busines - a fre
enterprise operation financed entirely by profits from sales: sales of The Dan Smoot Report, a weekly magazine;
and sales of a weekly news-analysis broadcast, to business firms, for use on radio and television as an advertising ve
hicle. The Report and the broadcast give only one side in presenting documented truth about important issues te
side that uses the American Constitution as a yardstick. The Report is available by subscription; and the broadcasts
are available for commercial sponsorship, anywhere in the United States.
If you think Dan Smot is providing effective tols for Americans fighting soialism and communism, you cn
help immensely - by helping him get more customers for his Report and broadcasts.
Page 407
Consetvac|ves |ave nothing co be 1eiens|ve ot
apologec|c abouc. W|ac an a1vancage c||s g:ves
c|em'
* * :: *
For The Record
Geotge :oule, menc|one1 on Page 364 oi c|e
Novembet 1 8, 1 963, |ssue oi c||s Report ( as a
membet oi c|e league iot In1usct|al Democ
tacy, , |s Geotge Hatty :oule, ]t. , a iotmet pto
iessot ac Benn|ngcon College an1 longc|me e1|
cotoiThe New Republic. He|snocc|esameas
Geotge :ou|e, Ptes|1enc oi :oule Co|lege, New
Otleans, lou|s|ana.
FOOTNOTES
( 1 ) "Memorandum: Propaganda Activities Of Military Personnel
Directed At.The Public," by U. S. Senator ]. William Fulbright,
Congressional Record, August 2, 1961, pp. 1 4433-6 (bound) ,
pp. 1 3436-9 ( daily)
( 2 ) "God's Word to Man In The Cross," by Rev. J. Claude Evans,
The South Carolina Methodist Advocate, Columbia, South
Carolina, Vol. 1 27, No. 47, November 28, 1963, pp. 5, 8-9
( 3 ) "Opinion of the Week: At Home and Abroad," The New York
TImes, November 24, 1 963, p. E9
( 4) For a comprehensive discussion of fascism, nazism, commu
nism, socialism, and socialism in America, see the Reports "Does
The U. S. Oppose Communist World Conquest?", November
1 1 , 1963; "How Did Socialism Grow In The U. S. ? ", Novem
ber 1 8, 1 963; and "Socializing America," November 2 5 , 1963;
set of three for 50c.
( 5 ) Remarks of U. S. Representative Herman Toll ( Democrat,
Pennsylvania ) , Congressional Record, December 2, 1963
( daily) , pp. A7346
( 6) "The Radical Right In America Today," by Victor G. and
Walter P. Reuther, The Christian Beacon, August 1 5 , 1963,
pp. 4-5
( 7 ) "Civil Liberties Union: Oswald Attended Group's Meeting," by
George Carter, The Dallas Times Herald, December 1 1 , 1 963,
p. 39A; "JFK Making Rights Progress, Oswald Said to Ac
quaintance," by Kent Biffle, The Dallas Morning News, De
cember 1 2, 1963, Section 4, p. 5
( 8 ) AP dispatch from Washington, The Dallas Times Herald,
November 29, 1 963, p. 4A
( 9) "Sees Passage Of Kennedy's Major Plans," The Sun-Telegram,
San Bernardino, California, November 24, 1 963, p. 2
( 10 ) Congressional Quafterly Weekly Report, November 29, 1963,
p. 2 100
( 1 1 ) "Hate Issue Arises In Louisiana Race," by Fred Pass, The
Dallas Morning News, December 6, 1963, Section 1 , p. 7
( 1 2 ) "Johnson Calls Vote Anti-Bias, Cites Victory To B'nai B'rith,"
by Paul Tobenkin, The New York Hef,Id Tribune, May 9, 1 956
( 1 3 ) UPI dispatch from Los Angeles, The Dallas Morning News,
September 10, 1960
( 14 ) "Washington Wire," The Dallas Moring News, June 3, 1 963,
Section 1, p. 18
( 1 5 ) UPI dispatch from Cheyenne, The Dallas Times Herald, July
14, 1963, p. 2 1A
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I(I Smoot le,o,t
Vol. 9, No. 52 ( Broadcast 436) December 30, 1963, Dallas, Texas
DAN SMOOT
FOURTH ROLL CALLS
1ete|n |s taba|ated tbe ioattb gtoap oi to|| ca|| votes oade |n tbe Ln|ted :tates Congtess
dat|ng 1 963 : 1 4 to| | ca||s |n tbe :enate, 1 1 |n tbe Hoase. Tbese, p|as otbets tepotted dat|ng
tbe yeat, oa|e 64 to| | ca| | votes taba|ated iot tbe I|tst :ess|on oi tbe sstb Congtess 34 |n tbe
:enate, 30 |n tbe Hoase
Coopat|ng petcentages on a|| 34 :enate to|| ca||s taba|ated tb|s yeat, we hnd tbat Ln|ted
:tates :enatots bave a consetvat|ve vot|ng tecotd oi 80ro ot bettet .
Strom Thurmond (Dem., S. C.) -94%; Barry Goldwater ( Rep., Ariz. ) - 93%; John G. Tower
( Rep., Texas) - 88%; Carl T. Curtis ( Rep., Neb. ) - 86%; Milward L. Simpson ( Rep., Wyo.)
82%.
Coopat|ng petcentages on a|| 30 Hoase to|| ca||s taba|ated to date, we und tbat 19 Ln|ted
:tates Reptesentat|ves bave a consetvat|ve vot|ng tecotd 90ro ot bettet. :eventeen oi tbe best
L. : Reptesentat|ves ate Repab||cans , 2 ate Deooctats .
100% -Ralph F. Beermann ( Rep., Neb. ) , August E. Johansen ( Rep., Mich. )
97% -John M. Ashbrook ( Rep., Ohio) , Joe Pool ( Dem., Texas)
96% -Clarence E. Kilburn ( Rep., N.Y. )
93% -Bruce Alger ( Rep., Texas) , Donald C. Bruce ( Rep., Ind. ), Durward G. Hall ( Rep., Mo. ) , Elmer
J. Hoffman ( Rep., Ill. ) , James B. Utt ( Rep., Calif. )
92% -Homer E. Abele ( Rep., Ohio) , Ed Foreman ( Rep., Texas) , Dave Martin ( Rep., Neb. ) , Wil
liam E. Minshall ( Rep., Ohio)
90% -Donald D. Clancy ( Rep., Ohio) , Glenn Cunningham ( Rep., Neb. ) , James A. Haley (Dem.
Fla. ) , James H. Quillen ( Rep., Tenn. ), M. G. Snyder ( Rep., Ky.)
I nternational Coffee Agreement
On may 2 1 , 1 963, tbe Ln|ted :tates :enate ( by a stand oi 74 to 2 2 ) tat|ued tbe Intetnat|ona|
Coee Agteeoent Tteaty wb|cb, |n eect, eopowets an |ntetnat|ona| catte| to contto| pt|ces and
sb|poents oi coee tbtoagboat tbe wot|d. Tbe Tteaty gaatantees |atge annaa| coee sa|es iot
copy for 25; 6 for $1.00; 50 for $5.50; 100 for $10. 00 -each price for bulk mailing to one person. Add
Page 409
coooan|st Caba, wb|le 1eny|ng gaatantees to
)apan an1 Nat|onal|st Cb|na.
OnNoveobet 14, 1963, tbeHoase ( byastan1
o| 203 to 1 66) passe1 HR 8864, to |opleoent
tbe Coee Agteeoent |ot two yeats. Tbe votes
ate tecot1e1 |n colaon 2 1 an1et Senate ; |n col
aon 27 an1et House. C |n1|cates a consetvat|ve
stan1 against tb|s |ntetnat|onal pt|ce ux|ng.
Manpower Training
On:epteobet 4, 1 963, tbe:enate ( by a stan1
o|61 to 28) apptove1 S 1 71 6, exten1|ng tbean
const|tat|onal manpowet Tta|n|ng ptogtao |ot
two yeats an1 |ncteas|ng tbe cost to 326 o|ll|on
1ollats. On :epteobet 6, 1 963, tbe :enate ( by
a stan1 o| 5 8 to 33) apptove1 : 1 831 , expan1
|ng tbe manpowet ptogtao an1 aatbot|z|ng an
otbet 1 00 o|ll|on 1ollats. Tbese votes ate te
cot1e1 |n colaons 22 an1 23 an1et Senate. C |s
a consetvat|ve stan1 against.
Aid To Education
On:epteobet 1 2, 1 963, tbe:enate ( by a stan1
o| 85 to 1 0) passe1 HR 1 2, aatbot|z|ng ( 1 ) an
l|o|te1 |an1s |ot loans to oe1|cal sta1ents, an1
( 2 ) $1 75,000,000 |otgtantsto consttactoe1|cal
scbool |ac|l|t|es. Tb|s vote |s tecot1e1 |n colaon
24 an1etSenate. C |sa consetvat|vevoteagainst.
HR 495 5 : (1 ) |nctease1 annaal aatbot|zat|on
|ot gtants to state an1 local vocat|onal scbools
|too 57 o|ll|on to 243 o|ll|on 1ollats, ( 2 ) ex
pan1e1 tbe scope o| vocat|onal e1acat|on act|v
|t|es, ( , exten1e1 tbeNat|onal De|ense 1aca
t|onAct|otanotbettwoyeats ,an1 ( 4, exten1e1
|otanotbet two yeats tbeptogtaoo| |e1etal a|1
to scbools |n |e1etally |opacte1 ateasateas
wbete latge naobets o| |e1etal petsonnel, c|v|l
|an ot o|l|taty, cteate spec|al scbool ptobleos.
Tbe:enateapptove1tb|sB|llonOctobet8, 1 963 ;
bat |t was 1|etent |too a vets|on apptove1 by
tbeHoase. A con|etence, otcooptoo|se,vets|on
wasaoptove1by tbe:enateon Deceobet 1 3 ; by
tbeHoaseon Deceobet 1 2. Tbe:enatevote, te
cot1e1 |n colaon 28 an1et Senate, teects tbe
stan1 o| :enatots on HR 495 5 as ot|g|nally
apptove1, an1 on tbe con|etence vets|on. Tbe
Hoasevote,taba|atec|nco|aon 30 ancetHouse,
teects tbe stan1 o| Keptesentat|ves on tbe con
|etence vets|on o| HR 495 5 . C |n1|cates a con
setvat|ve stan1against HR 495 5 .
Disarmament Agency and Test Ban Treaty
OnNoveobet20, 1 963, tbeHoase ( by astan1
o| 257 to 1 38) passe1 : 777, aatbot|z|nga 1 0000
|nctease |n D|satoaoent Agency |an1s |ot tbe
nexttwo yeats. Tbe vote |s tecot1e1 |n colaon
28 an1etHouse. C |saconsetvat|vestan1against.
On:epteobet 24, 1 963, tbe:enate ( by a stan1
o| 81 to 1 9) tat|ue1 tbe Test Ban Tteaty. Tb|s
was one o| tbe utst tesalts o| tbe D|satoaoent
Agency s act|v|t|es. Tb|s vote |s tecot1e1 |n col
aon 25 an1et Senate. C |s a consetvat|ve stan1
against.
Fishi ng Boat Construction Subsidies
OnOctobet 2, 1 963, tbe:enate ( by a s:an1 o|
77 to 1 7) passe1 : 1 006, exten1|ng sabs|1|es |ot
tbe consttact|on o| new usb|ng boats |ot anotbet
5 yeats. Tb|s ptogtao was |n|t|ate1 1at|ng tbe
|senbowet a1o|n|sttat|onas a tesalto| unanc|al
1|calt|esencoantete1byAoet|canusbetoenbe
caase o|beavycoopet|t|on |too |ote|gn nat|ons,
espec|ally )apan.
Tbe vote |s l|ste1 |n colaon 26 an1et Senate,
C |n1|cat|ng a consetvat|ve stan1 against.
Civil Rights Commission
On Octobet 1 , 1 963, tbe :enate ( by a stan1
o| 80 to 1 7 ) vote1 to exten1 tbel| |e o| tbe C|v|l
K|gbts Cooo|ss|on |ot one yeat. Tb|s extens|on
was |n tbe |oto o| an aoen1oent, ot t|1et, by
:enatot vetett mcK|nley D|t|sen (Repabl|can,
Ill|no|s , to a pt|vate b|ll ( HR 3369) .
Tbe t|1et tecbn|qae ptob|b|te1 tbe Hoase
|too ta||ng a sepatate vote on tbe C|v|| R|gbts
Cooo|ss|on qaest|on. Hence, HR 3369, s|gne1
|nto law ( PI 88- 1 5 2 ) on Octobet 7, 1963, ex
ten1e1 tbe l||e o| tbe C|v|l R|gbts Cooo|ss|on,
w|tboatspecific apptovalo|tbeHoaseo|Repte
sentatves. Tbe :enate vote |s tecot1e1 |ncolaon
27, an1etSenate. C|saconsetvat|vestan1against.
Water Pol l ution Agency
On Octobet 1 6, 1 963, tbe :enate ( by a stan1
ot84 to 1 2 ) passec S 649, establis|ing a tecetal
WatetPollat|onContto| Agency. Tb|s leg|slat|on
Page 410
aacbotlzescbe:ectecatyoiHealcb,Ldacaclon,and
Weliatecolssaetegalaclonsptevenclngcbemana
iaccate and ase oi decetgencs he decetmlnes wlll
conctlbacecolncetscacepollaclonoiscteamsand
wacet. Tbe :ectecaty ls also empoweted co ob
caln coatc otdets compelllng scaces co comply
wlcb his tegalaclons Tblsvocelstecotded lncol
amn 29 andet Senate. C ls a consetvaclve scand
against.
Foreign Aid
On Aagasc 23, 1 963, cbe Hoase passed cbe
IotelgnAsslscanceAccoi1 963 ( HR7885 )
,
aacb
otlzlng 3. 5 bllllon dollats ln iotelgn ald iot cbe
comlng uscal yeat.
Incbe :enace, eotcswetemadeco amend cbe
Accbeiotelcwaspassed:enacotItan|).laascbe
( Democtac, Oblo, ptoposed an amendmenc co
ptevenc cbe Ptesldenc itom conclnalng co glve
mosciavoted-naclons catl cteacmenc co com
manlsc Yagoslavla and commanlsc Poland. Most
favored-nations cteacmencmeansplaclngoatlow
esccatltacesagalnsccbegoodsoianaclonwblcb
applles lcs lowesc catl taces co oat goods. Tbe
:enace rejected cbe laascbe amendmenc. Tbe
:enaceadopted anamendmenccocbeIotelgnAld
Acc ptoposed by :enacot Habetc Hamobtey
( Democtac, mlnnesoca,, exempc|ng cbe Peace
Cotps and cbe Calcatal Lxcbanges Ptogtam itom
anytesctlcc|onslmposedbyCongtessonanyocbet
iotelgn ald acclvlcles
On Novembet 1 5, 1 963, cbe :ena:e passed lcs
tevlsed vetslon oi cbe Iotelgn Ald lll, aacbot
lzlng 3. 7 bllllon dollatszcc ml|llon dollats
mote cban cbe Hoasehad aacbotlzed on Aagasc
23.
On Decembet 9, 1963, cbe Hoase apotoved a
conietence vetslon oi cbe Iotelgn Ald lll Tbe
:enace apptoved cbe conietence vetslon on De
cembet 1 5 .
Tbtee :enace toll callson cbe Iotelgn Aldlll
atecabalaced below. Incolamn 30, andetSenate,
C lndlcaces a consetvaclve scand for cbe laascbe
amendmenccoendmosc-iavoted-naclonscteacmenc
oi commanlsc naclons. In colamn 3 1 , andet
Senate, C indicates a conservative vote against
cbe Hampbtey amendmenc. In colamn 32, andet
:enace, C lndlcaces a consetvaclve voce against
cbe Iotelgn Ald lll lcseli.
Incolamnzc, andetHouse, C lndlcaces a con
setvaclve voce against cbe Iotelgn Ald lll, as lc
was otlglnal|y oassed ln cbe Hoase and as lc was
tevlsed ln conietence.
District of Col umbia Welfare
On Novembet 18, 1963, :enacot Abtabam
Rlblco ( Democtac, Connecclcac, sponsoted an
admlnlsctaclon amendmenc co a Hoase lll ( HR
75 31 ) , accempclng co excend genetal iedetal pab
llc weliate asslscance ptogtams co cbe Dlsctlccoi
Colambla. Tbe :enace ( by a scand oi c co 4c,
rejected cbls move~ptlmatlly becaase oi tecenc
dlsclosates aboac cottapclon and abase ln cbe
Dlsctlcc oi Colambla weliate ptogtams. Tbe
:enace voce ls cabalaced ln colamn 33 andet
Senate. C lsaconsetvaclvevoceagainst excendlng
iedetal weliate ptogtams co cbe Dlsctlcc.
Data Processing
HR 5 1 71 aacbotlzed cbeGenetal :etv|ces Ad
mlnlsctaclon co patcbase and malncaln all daca
ptocesslngeqalpmencasedbyall iedetalagencles.
Ptlmaty opposlclon co cbe lll tesalced |tom se
catlcyconsl1etaclons. Wlcballclasslued1acacon
ctolled by one agency, a secatlcy lea| ln cbac
agency coald endangeta|lclassluedsecte:s oicbe
iedetal govetnmenc. Iot cbese teasons, sacb agen
cles as cbe Naclonal Aetonaaclcs and :pace Ad
mlnlsctaclonopposed HR 5 1 7 1 . Tbelll was also
opposed on gtoands oi economy. Unlced :caces
Reptesencaclve)oePool ( Democtac,Texas, noced
cbac cbe lll does noc ptovlde iot compeclclve
blddlng. Tbe Compctollet Genetal cesclaed cbac
cbegovetnmencls alteady loslng mllllons oi dol
lats a yeat by negoclaclng conctaccs iot daca pto
cesslng macblnes, lnscead oi patcbaslng cbem
cbtoagb cbe ptocess oi compeclclve blds.
Nonecbeless, cbeHoase ( byvolcevoce on)aly
1 8, 1 963 ) apptoved HR 5 1 71 , alcboagb many
agencles and depatcmencs aecced bad noc been
glven anoppotcanlcycocescliy lnbeatlngs on cbe
lll.
Unlced :caces Reptesencaclve Aagasc L. )oban
sen (Re
p
ublican, Michigan) introduced a motion
cotecommlcHR 5 1 7 1 , saylnglcwassobadlywtlc
Page 411
cen and so sctongly opposed by oany iedetal
agenc|esonsecat|cygtoandscbaciatcbetbeat|ngs
sboald be beld. Tbe Hoase, by a scand oi 263 co
1 01 , deieaced cbe )obansen ooc|on co tecooo|c
Tb|svoce|scabalaced|ncolaon2 1 andet House.
C |nd|caces a consetvac|vevoceagainst HR 5 1 71 .
Hoase Resolac|on 31 4 woald bave aacbot|zed
a ct|p (by Rooan 1. Pac|ns|| and ioat ocbet
oeobets oi a sabcooo|ccee on dacac|on and
labotj co moscow iot a scady oi cbe :ov|ec
Ln|on s daca ptocess|ng cencet. Tbe patpose oi
cbe ptoposed ct|p was co gec |niotoat|on wb|cb
o|gbc encoatage Congtess co unance a s|o|lat
daca ptocess|ng cencet iot cbe Ln|ced :caces.
On Occobet 28, 1 963, cbe Hoase (by a scand oi
1 99 co 1 54) rejected HoaseResolac|on 314. Tb|s
voce | s tecotded |n colaon 25 andet House. C
|nd|caces a consetvac|ve voce against send|ng cbe
Hoase gtoap co moscow.
National Science Foundation
OnNoveobet 20, 1 963, cbe:enace (by ascand
oi 65 co 2 2 ) deieaced an ado|n|sctac|on eotc
co |nctease iands iot cbe Nac|onal :c|ence Ioan
dac|on by $49,800,000. Tb|s voce |s tecotded |n
Colaon34 andetSenate. C |sa consetvac|vevoce
a gainst |ncteas|ng cbe iands.
Mental Health Funds
On :epceobet 1 0, 1 963, cbe Hoase passed :
1 576, aacbot|z|ng 238 o|ll|on dollats iot a cbtee
yeat ptogtao oi iedetal a|d co consctacc local
oencal bealcb cencets and teseatcb iac|l|c|es, and
co cta|n ceacbets iot cbe oencally tecatded. T|e
B|llwastev|sed |nconietencecooa|e|cco|nc|de
w|cb a :enace vets|on Tbeboasepassedcbecon
ietence vets|on oicbe mencal Healcb Iands B|ll
onOccobet 21 , 1 963. TbeHoasevoce |stecotded
|n colaon 22 andet House. C |s a consetvac|ve
voce against cbe B|ll.
Tax Cut
On:epceobet 25 , 1 963, cbeHoase (by a scand
oi272 co 1 5 5 ) passed HR 8363. Tb|s B|ll, ptes
encly scalled |n cbe :enace, was one oi cbe lace
Ptes|denc Kennedy s cwo oosc |opotcanc b| lls.
Although |twould, presumably, lower some per
sonalandcotpotac|on|ncooecaxes,|cwoaldta|se
caxesonoanylowetand o|ddle|ncooe |nd|v|d
aals. A oa|n consetvac|ve obj ecc|on co cbe B|ll
|s cbac |c tedaces tevenae w|cboac tedacc|on |n
spend|ng, cbascaas|ngoote deuc|cunanc|ng and
|ncteased debc Voce on cbe B|ll |s tecotded |n
colaon 23 andet House. C |s a consetvac|ve voce
against.
History Control
On Occobet 1 5 , 1 963, cbe Hoase (by a scand
oi 185 co 1 81 ) passed HR 6237, aacbot|z|ng
$500,000 ayeat, iotuveyeats,coiedetalagenc|es,
scaceand local agenc|es, andnonptoucotgan|za
c|ons iot cbe collecc|ng, desct|b|ng, ed|c|ng, and
pabl|sb|ng . . . oidocaoencatysoatcess|gn|ucanc
cocbeb|scotyoic|eLn|ced :caces. Ln|ced:caces
Reptesencac|veR|cbatdH. Po ( Repabl|can. V|t
g|n|aj , atga|ngcbacsacbscbolasc|cptoj eccssboald
be unanced pt|vacely, sa|d cbe B|ll coniets apon
iedetal agenc|es cbe powet co tewt|ce cbe b|scoty
oi cb|s coancty. Voce on cb|s B|ll |s tecotded |n
colaon 24 andetHouse. C |sa consetvac|vevoce
against. TbeB|ll |s pend|ng|ncbe :ena|e.
National Debt
On Noveobet 7, 1 963, cbeHoase (by a scand
oi 21 0 co 202) passed HR 8969, aacbot|z|ng an
ocbet (cbecb|td |n cb|s sess|onj ceopotaty |n
ctease |n cbe nac|onal debc (co 3 1 5 b|ll|on dol
latsj . Tbe voce |s cabalaced |n colaon 26 andet
House. C |nd|caces a consetvac|ve scand against.
Tbe :enace bas also passed tbe B|ll. Tbe :enate
vocew|ll be tecotded |n a sabseqaenc Report.
D. C. Subway
On Deceobet 9, 1 963, cbe Hoase ( by a scand
oi 285 co 83) tej ecced HR 8929. Ot|g|nally pto
posed by Ptes|dencKennedy |na spec|al oessage
co Congtess on may 27, 1 963, and endotsed by
Ptes|denc )o|nson, cb|s B|ll woald bave aacbot
|zed a pabl|clyowned sabway ta|l ctans|c sysceo
iot cbe c|cy oi Wasb|ngcon. Tbe ptojecc woald
bave teqa|ted d|tecc iedetal expend|cates oi 1 20
o|ll|on dollats, and iedetal andetwt|c|ng oi
$258,900,000 |n bonds. Tbe voce |s cabalaced |n
column 29 under Houe. C is a conservative vote
against.
Page 412
P 'L' 1nd1cateS a cOnSez\at1\e Stand. Pn 'L' 1nd1cateS a I1Deza1 Stand. P 'C' 1nd1cateS that the benatOz waS aDSent Oz d1d nOt take a puDl1c Stand. P '-' 1nd1cateS the
benatOz waS nOt a DeDDez at the t1De O the \Ot e.
S E NA T E
LO1uDn #21 - - 1nte1nat1OnaI LOee Pq1eeDent zeat\. eC m, #22 ~ ~ NanDOwe1 1a1n1nq tenS1On. b 1716; H23 - - NanDOwe1 1a1n1nq He\1S1On, b 1831; #24 - - Ned1caI
bchOOI 1undS, mH 12; 125 -- eSt 1an zeat\, tec N. 126 ~ 1:Sh1nq 1OatLOnStzuct1On buDS1d1eS, b 1 006; #27 - ~ L1\1I H1qhtS LODD1SS1On Henewa1, mH 3369; #28 - -
NOcat1OnaI Lducat1On 1undS and He\1S1On, mH 4955; #29 - - Yatez 1OIIut1On Pqenc\. b 649; 130 - - ' DOSt-1a\ozed-nat1On' tzeatDent Oz cODDun1St nat1OnS. mH 7885; f3I
~ ~ 1eace LOzDS and LuItu1aJ chanqe eeDDt1OnS . mH7885; f3Z - - 1Oze1qn P1 dPuthO112at1On, mH7885; f33 - - L. L. Da1t1c1Dat1On 1 nede1aI weIa1e D1Oq1aDS,mH 7431;
f34 -- Iat1Onal bC1ence 1Oundat1On 1UndS . mH 8747
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
PLP1PNP NLIPIP
Mi1I, Lister L]
bDazkDan, JOhn J. L]
PLPbbP
1aztIett, I . L. L]
Lzuen1nq. zneSt L]
PH1ZLIP
LOIdwatez, 1az1\ H]
ma\den, Laz1 L]
PHbPIbPb
1u1D11qht, J. Y11I1aD L]
NcL1eIIan, JOhn L. L]
LPLI1LHIIP
nq1e, L1a1z L]
bucheI. hODaS m. H]
LLLLHPLL
P1IOtt, LOzdOn H]
LOD1n1ck, ete1 m. H]
LLIILLIL\
LOdd, hODaS J. L]
H1D1cO. PDzahaD P. L]
LLPYPH
1OqqS , J. La1eD H]
Y111taDS , JOhn J. H]
1LLHILP
mOIIand, bDeSSazd L. L]
bDathe1S. LeO1qe P. L]
LLHLIP
I, H1cha1d 1. L]
a1Dadqe, mezDan . L]
mPYPII
, m11aD L. H]
InOu\e, Lan:eI b. L]
ILPmL
zch, 1zank L]
JOzdan, Len 1. H]
1LL1ILIb
L1zkSen, \ezett N. H)
LOuq1aS, rauI m. L]
IILIPIP
11zch L]
maztke. H. Nance L]
ILYP
ckenIOOpez, 1Ouzke 1. H]
N1IIez, Jack H]
bPIbPb
SOn, |zank H]
ea1SOn, JaDeS 1. H]
bI\LbX
LOODez, JOhn bhezDan H]
NOztOn, JhzuStOn 1. H]
LL\1bIPIP
1Iendez. PIIen J. L]
LOnq, HuSSe11 1. L]
NPIL
kie, dDund b. L]
GD1th. Nazqazet LhaSe H]
NPHXLPIL
1eaII, J. LIenn H]
1zewStez, Lan1e1 1. L]
NPGGPC!OGE3G
benned\, dwazd N. L]
baItOnSta1, Le\ezett H]
NILm1LPI
mazt, 1h1I1D P. L]
NcIaDaza, at L]
NIIIbLP
muDDhze\. muDe1t m. L]
NcLazth\, uqene J. L]
NIGGIGGII
aStIand, JaDeS L. L]
btenn1S , JOhn L]
NIbbL\HI
dwa1d N. L]
b\D1nqtOn, btuazt L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L NanSfieId. NichaeI J. (D)
L L C L L L L L L L L L L L NetcaI. Lee L]
I1HPbbP
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Luzt1S. Laz1 . H]
L L L L L L L L L C L L L L mzuSka, HODan L. H]
INPLP
L L L L L L L L C L L L L C 11DIe, P1an L]
L C L L L L C L L L L L L C LannOn, mOwa1d Y. L]
IY mPN1bmIH
L C C L L L L L I L L L L C LOttOn. IO111S H]
C L L L L L L L L L L L L L Nc1nt\1e. hODaS J. L]
ILY JHbX
L L L C L C L L L L L L L C LaSe, L11O1d 1. H]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Y1II1aDS , mazz1SOn P. , J1.
IY N71LL
L L L L L C L L L L L L L L Pnde1SOn, LI1ntOn r. L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L NecheD, dw1n L. H]
IY XLHb
L L L L L L L L L L L L L C Ja\1tS. JacOD b. H]
L L L L L L L L L C L L L L beat1nq, benneth 1. H]
ILHm LPHLL1IP
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t1\1n, baDue1 J. Jz. L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L JOzdan, 1. \e1ett L]
ILHm LPbLJP
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L 1uzd1ck, Luent1n I. L]
L L L L L L C L L L L L C L XOunq, N1ItOn H. (R)
LmIL
L L L L L L L L L C L L L C uSche, 11ank J. L]
L L L L L L L L L C L L L L XOunv, bteDhen N. L]
LbLPmLNP
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L dDOndSOn. J . mOwazd L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L NOnzOne\, P. b. N1ke] L]
LHLLI
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L NOzSe, Ya\ne L]
L C L L L L L L L L L L L L IeuDe1qe1, Nau11ne 1. L]
1IIbXLNPI1P
L L L L L L L L C L L L L L LIazk, JOSeDh b. Jz. L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L bcOtt, muqh H]
HmLL IbLPIL
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L aStOze, JOhn L. (D)
L L L L L L L L L L L L L C e1I. LIa1DOzne L]
bL\m LPHLL1IP
L L L L L C L L L L L L L L JOhnStOn, LI1n O. L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L hu1DOnd. J. bt1Or L]
bL\m LPbLP
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L NcLO\ezn, LeOzqe L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Nundt, bazI . H]
IIbb
L L L C L L L L L L L L L L LOze. PIDezt L]
C L L L L L L L L L L L L L YaIte1S. mezDezt b. L]
2Pb
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L ez, JOhn H]
L C L L L L L L L L L L L L XazDOzOuqh. HaIDh Y. L]
\Pm
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
-
nnett, YaIIace 1. H]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L NOSS, 11ank L. L]
NHNLI
L L L L L L L L L L L L L ( Gcorsc L. (R)
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L 11Out\, Y1nStOn L. H]
N1HLII1P
L L L L L L L L L L L L L C ma1z\ 11OOd L]
L C C L L L L L C L L L L L HODe1tSOn. P. Y1I11s L]
YPbm1ILLI
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L JackSOn. men1\ N. L]
L L L J J L L L L J L L L L NaqnuSOn, Yazzen G. L]
YLb NIHL1IIP
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L 1\zd, HODezt L. (D)
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L HandOIDh, Jenn1nqS L]
WISCON5Il
L L L C L L L L L L L L L L IeISOn, La\1Ozd P. L]
L L L L L L L L L C L L L L zOD:ze. Y11I1aD L]
YXLN1IL
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L NcLee, La1e Y. L]
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L b1DDSOn, N1Iwazd L. H]
H O U S E
L] L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
L C C C L L L L L L L L L L
L C C C L L L L L L L L L L
L C L L L L L L L C L L L L
L C L L L L L L L L L L L L
L L L L L L L L L L L L L C
L L L L L L L L L L L L C L
L L L L L L L L L C L L L L
L L L L L L L L C L L L L L
L l L L L L L L L L L L L
L L L L L C L L L L L L L L
L L L L L O L L L L L L L C
L L L L L L L L L C L L L L
L L L L L L L I L L L L L C
C L L L L L L L L L L L L L
P 'L' indicateS a cOnSez\at1\e Stand. Pn 'L' 1nd1cateS a 1iDezaI Stand. P 'C' ind1cateS that the He]zeSentat1\e vaS aDSent Oz d1d nOt take a DuDI1c Stand. P '- ' 1nd1-
cateS the HcD1eSentat1\e waS nOt O DeDDez at the t1De O the \Ote.
LOIuDn fZO ~~ 1Oze1qn P1d PuthOz1zat1On, mH 7885; HZ I -- ata zOceSS1nq Lent1aI1zat1On, mH 5 1 7 1 ; fZZ -- NentaI meaIth 1undS. b 1 576; HZ3 - - a Lut and He\1S1On,
mH 8363; fZ4 ~~ P1d tO m1StO1\. mH 6Z37; fZ5 -- NOScOw Lata 1OceSS1n z1D, m HeS 3 14; HZ6 -- Iat1OnaI LeDt InczeaSe , H 8969; HZ7 -- 1nteznat1Ona1 LOee Pqzee-
Dent LawS , mH 8864; IZ8 ~ ~ L1Sa1DaDent Pqenc\ undS, b 777; 129 - ~ L. L. buDwa\, mH 89Z9; #30 - - NOcat1Ona1 Lducat1On 1undS and tenS1On. mH 4955
20 2 1 22 23 24 2 5 26 27 28 29 30 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
PLP1PNP PHI7LIP
PndzewS , LeOzqe Y. L]
II1Ott. La1I L]
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Page 413
L L L L L L L L C C L
L L L L L L L C L L L
C 1 1 L L C C 1 L L L
L L L L L C L C L L L
L L L L C L L L L L L
L L L L L L L L C L C
CALIFORNIA (cont ' d)
Bell, Alphonzo E. , Jr. (R)
Brown, George E . Jr. {D}
Burkhalter, Everett G. (D)
Clausen, Don H. (R)
Clawson, Del (R)
Edwards, W. Donlon (D)
Gubser, Charles S. (R)
Hagen, Harlan (D)
Hanna, Richard T. (0)
Hawkins. Augustus F. (D)
Holifield, Chet (D)
Hosmer. Craig (R)
Johnson, Harold T. (0)
King, Cecil R. (D)
Martin, Minor C. (R)
McFall, John J. (D)
Miller. George P. (D)
Moss, John E. (D)
Shelley, John F. (D)
Sisk, B. F. (D)
Smith, H. Allen (R)
Utt, James B. (R)
Wilson, Bob (R)
Younger. J. Arthur (R)
COLORADO
Chenoweth, J. Edgar (R)
Rogers , Byron G. (D)
CONNECTICUT
Daddario, Emilio L. (D)
Monagan, John S. (D)
St . Onge, William (D)
Sibal, Abner W. (R)
DELAWARE
McDowell, Harris B. , Jr . (D)
FLORIDA
Bennett, Charles E. (D)
Cramer, William C. (R)
Fuqua, Don (D)
Haley, James A. (D)
Herlong, A. Sydney, Jr . (D)
Matthews, D. R. (D)
Pepper, Claude (D)
Rogers, Paul G. (D)
GEORGIA
Davis , John W. (D)
Pilcher, J. L. (D)
Stephens , Robert G. , Jr. (D)
Tuten, J. Russell (D)
Vinson, Carl (D)
HAWAII
-r Thomas P. (D)
IDAHO
ding, Ralph R. (D)
White, Compton I . . Jr. (D)
ILLINOIS
Arends, Leslie C. (R)
Collier, Harold R. (R)
Derwinski, Edward J. (R)
Findley, Paul (R)
HoHman, Elmer J. (R)
McClory, Robert (R)
\' 1I1<1, Iw11b J. (z)
O'Hara, Barratt (D)
Price, Melvin (D)
Pucinski. Roman C. (D)
Reid, Charlotte (R)
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C L L C L C L L L L
L L L L L C L C L C L
L C L L L C L C L L L
L C L L C L L L L C L
C O L C C C C L C C L
C O L C C C C C C C C
L C L L L L L L L L C
L L L L L L L L L C L
L C L L L L L L L L L
L C L C C C C C L e o
L C L L L C L L L L L
L L L L C L L L L C L
L C L L C L L C L L L
L L L C C L C L C C C
ILLINOIS (cont'd)
INDIANA
Adair. E. Ross (R)
Brademas, John (D)
Bruce, Donald C. (R)
Denton. Winfield K. (D)
Harvey, Ralph (R)
Madden, Ray J. (D)
Roudebush. Richard L. (R)
Wilson, Earl (R)
L C L
L L L
L C L
C L L
L L L L L L
L L L L L L
L L C L L L
C C C C C C
C L IOWA
C L --omwell. James E. (R)
o L Gros s , H. R. (R)
C C Hoeven, Charles B. (R)
L L L C O O C O O C C Jensen, Ben F. (R)
C C L C C C C C C C L Kyl, John H. (R)
L L L L L L L L L L L SChwengel. Fred (R)
L C L L L L L C L L L Smith, Neal (D)
L C L L L L L L C L L KANSAS
L C L L L L L C L C L YI William H. (R)
L C L L L L L L L C T Dole, Robert (R)
L C C L C L L C C C C Ellsworth, Robert F. (R)
L C L L L C L L L e o Shriver, Garner E. (R)
L L L L L C L L L L L Skubitz, Joe (R)
C \ L C C C C C C C C KENTUCKY
C L L C C C C C C C L Chelf, Frank (D)
C L L C C C C L L L C
C C L C C C C C C C C
L L L
C C L
L L L
C L L
L L L L L L L L
C C C C C C C C
L C L L L L C L
C C C C C L C C
L L L L L L L L
C L L C C C C C
C L L C C C C C
L L L
o C L
C C L
L L L L L L T T L L L
L C C L L L L L L C
L L L C L
L C L
L L L L C
L C
L C
L L L L L
L L L L L L L L
L C C C L L L L L
L L L L L L L L C
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C C L C C C C C C C L
L L L L L L L L L C C
L C I C C C C L L C C
L L L L L C L C C C L
C L L L L L L L L C L
C L L L C C C C C C C
C C C C C C C C C C L
C C L L C C C C C C L
L L L C L C C C L C L
L L L C O L C L L L L
C C L C C C C C C C T
C C L C C C C C L C L
C L L C C C C C C O L
L C L L C C L L L C L
L L L L C C L L C C L
C L L L C C C C C C L
C L L C C C C C C C C
L L L L C C L L L C L
L L L L C C L O C C L
L L L L L C
L L L L L L
C O O L C C
L C L L L C
C L C C C C
C O O L O C
L L L L C
L L L C L
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C L C C C
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C L L L C C C L C C C
C L C L L C L L L C C
L L L C C C C C L C L
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L L L T L C L L L C L
L L L L L C L L L C L
L L L L L L L C L C L
L C L C C L C e L L L
L L C C C C C C L L L
L L
L L
L C
L C
L C
L
L
L
L L L L C C C C
L L L L L O
L L L L L L
L C C C C L C L L L L
T L C l
C L C L
L C L L L
L L L C C
L L
C C
L L L L C L L L L C L
o C C C C C C C C C C
L C C L C C L C L C C
L C L L L C C O L L L
L C L L L L L L C C L
C O L L C L C C C C L
L C L L C C C C L C L
C C L C C L C C L C L
L L L L C C L C L L L
L L T L L L L L C C C
L L C C C C C O L C C
L C L C L C C L L C L
L L L L L C L C L L L
C C L C C C C C C O O
C L L C C C C C C C C
C C C C C C C C C C C
L C L L C L L L L C L
L C L C L L C C C C L
L L L I L L L L L C L
L L L L L C L L L C C
L L L L C L L L L L L
L C L L L L L L L L L
C L L C C C C C L C C
L C L C C L C C L L C
C L L C C C C C
L C L L L C L L
L L L C L L C C
J L C
L L C
L C C
C C L C C C C L e e C
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
MISSISSIPPI (cont'd) OIlO
Whitten, Jamie L. (D) C C C C C C C L C C C -ele, Homer E. (R)
Williams , John Bell (D) C L C L C C C C C L C Ashbrook, John M. (R)
Winstead, Arthur (D) C C L C C C C C C C C Ashley, Thomas L. (D)
MISSOURI Ayres , William H. (R)
Bolling, Richard (D) L L L L L C L L L C C Betts , Jackson E. (R)
Cannon, Clarence (D) C L L L L L C L L C L Bolton, Frances P. (R)
Curtis, Thomas B. (R) C L L C C C C L C C C Bolton, Oliver P. (R)
Hall, Durward G. (R) C C L C C C C C C C C Bow, Frank T. (R)
Hull, W. R. , Jr. (D) e L L L C C L L e e C Brown, Clarence J. (R)
Ichord, Richard (D) C L L L L C L L L C L Clancy, Donald D. (R)
Jones, Paul C. (D) C L L C C C C L L C C Devine, Samuel L. (R)
Karsten, Frank M. (D) I L L L L I L L L C I Feighan, Michael A. (O)
Randall, William J. (D) L L L L L C L C C C L Harsha, William Ho , Jr,
Sullivan, Leonor K. (D) L L L L L L L L L L L Hays, Wayne L. (D)
MONTANA Kirwan, Michael J. (D)
Battin, James F. (R) C I L C C C C C C C L Latta, Delbert L. (R)
(R)
Olsen, Arnold (D) L C L L L L L I I C L McCulloch, William M. (R)
NEBRASKA Minshall, William . (R)
Martin , Dave (R)
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSIlRE
Cleveland, James C. (R)
Wyman, Louis C. (R)
NEW JERSEY
Auchincloss , James C. (R)
Cahill, William T. (R)
Daniels, Dominick V. (D)
Gallagher, Cornelius E. (D)
Minish, Joseph G. (D)
Osmers, Frank C . , Jr. (R)
Patten, Edward J. , Jr. (D)
Rodino, Peter W. , Jr. (D)
Thompson, Frank, Jr. (D)
Wallhauser, George M. (R)
NEW MEXICO
Montoya, Joseph M. (D)
Morris, Thomas G. (D)
NEW YORK
Addabbo, Joseph P. (D)
Carey, Hugh L. (D)
Celler, Emanuel (D)
Delaney, James J . (D)
Oerounian, Stephen B. (R)
Fino, Paul A. (R)
Grover, James R. , Jr. (R)
Healey, James C. (D)
Kelly, Edna F. (D)
King, Carleton J = (R)
Miller, William E. (R)
Murphy, John M. (D)
Pike, Otis G. (D)
Pirnie, Alexander (R)
Powell, Adam C. (D)
Reid, Ogden R. (R)
Rooney, John J. (D)
St. George, Katharine (R)
Wydler, John W. (R)
NORTH CAROLINA
Bonner, Herbert C . (D)
Fountain, I. H. (D)
Jonas , Charles Raper (R)
Lennon, Alton (D)
Scott, Ralph J. (D)
Taylor, Roy A. (D)
Whitener, Basil L. (D)
NORTH DAKOTA
Andrews , Mark (R)
Short. Don L. (R)
C C L C C C C C C
C
C L
C C C C C C C C C C
Mosher, Charles A. (R)
Rich, Carl W. (R)
L L L C L C C C L L
C L L C C C C C C C
L OKLAHOMA
L
L I I L C C C C C O O
L L L L C C C C L C L
L L L L C C C C
I C L L C I C L
L L C L L C L L
C L L L C C C C
L L L L L C L
L L L L L L
C
L C L
L C C
L C L
L C C
L C L
L
Albert, Carl (D)
Belcher, Page (R)
Edmondson, Ed (D)
Jarman, John (D)
Steed, Tom (D)
OREGON
Duncan, obert B. (D)
Green, Edith (D)
Norblad, Walter (R)
Ullman, Al (D)
I L L L C C
L L L L L C
L L L C
C C L C
L L L C
L PENNSYLVANIA
L
I L L L L L L L I C L
L C L L L L L L
L L L L C
L L L
C C C
L L L L C C C C
L C
C C
C L L C L C
L L L C L L
L C L
L L L
L C
L C
L
L
Byrne, Jares A. (D)
Clark, Frank M. (D)
Corbett, Robert J . (R)
Curtin, Willard S. (R)
Dague, Paul B. (R)
Dent, John H. (D)
L L L L L L L L L C I
I L L
C C L
L C L
L L L
L L C
L C L C O L C L
C C C C C C C C
L L L L C C C L
L C L L L L C L
L L L I C C C C
I L
C C
L L L L L I L C I
L C C C C C C O L
Johnson, Albert W. (R)
Kunkel, John C. (R)
McDade, Joseph M. (R)
Mooreheaq, William S. (D)
Morgan, "Thomas E. (D)
L C L
L C L
L L L L L C C
L L
L C L L C
L L J
C C C
L C
L C
L C
L
L
I
Rhodes , George M. (D)
Rooney, Fred B. (D)
L L L L L L L L
C L L L C L C C
C C L L C C C C
L L L L L C C C
L L L L L L I
L
L L L
L C L
C
Saylor, John P. (R)
Schneebeli, Herman T.
Schweiker, Richard S.
Toll, Herman (D)
Weaver, James D. (R)
(R)
(R)
L C
C L L L C C C
C L C I
C L L L
L C L L L L L C C C C RHODE ISLAND
Fogarty, John E. (D) L L L L L
C O O C C
L L
C C
C L C
C C C
C C I C C C C C C C
I
C St. Ge-main, Fernand J.
L I L I L I
L C L C C C
C e L L l
I SOUTH CAROLINA
Ashmore, Robert T. (D)
Dorn. W. J. Bryan (D)
C C C C L
L L
L L
L I L I L L C C
L L L L L L L C
C
C
L L L
L L L
L L L L
L C C C
C L C L
C L C L
L C I L C C C L L C
C C C C C C C C C C
L C L L C L C C L C
L L C L C L L C L C
L L L L C C C C L C
L L L L C C C C L C
L SOUTH DAKOTA
L
L
Berry, E. Y. (R)
Reifel, Ben (R)
L TENNESSEE
L
L
Baker, Howard H.
Bass, Ross (D)
(R)
(D)
L L L L L C C C L C L Brock, William E. , U (R)
L L L L L L L L L C L Davis, Clifford (D)
I I L C C I L L L I L
Evins , Joe L. (D)
C L C C C C C C C C L Fulton, Richard (D)
L C L L L L L L L C C
Murray. Tom (D)
C O L C C C C C C C L Quillen, James H. (R)
L C L L C C C C L C L TEXAS
-- er, Bruce (R)
C O L L L C L L C C L Beckworth, Lindley (D)
C O L C C C C C C C L Brooks , Jack (D)
L L C L L C L L L C C Burleson, Omar (D)
C L L L C C C C L C L Casey, Robert R. (D)
C C L L C O L C O L L Dowdy, John (D)
C O L C C C C C C C L Fisher, O. Clark (D)
C L L L L C C C I C L Foreman, Ed (R)
C I L C C C C C C C L Gonzalez, Henry B. (D)
C O L L C C C C C C C Kilgore, Joe M. (D)
C L L L C C C C L C L Mahon, George H. (D)
e e L L L C C L e L L
Patman, Wright (D)
Poage, William R. (D)
C C C C C C Pool, Joe (D)
Purcell, Grahan> (D)
Roberts, Ray CD)
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C C L C C C C O O C C
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C L L C C C C C L C L
C L L L C C C C C C L
L C I I C C L L L C L
C O L C C C C C C C L
L L I L L C L C L L L
C O L C C C C L C C C
C L L C C C C O L C L
C C L L C L C C L L L
C L L L C C C C L L L
C C L L L C C L L C L
C O L C C C C C L L L
L I I L C L I C L C L
L C L L C I L L L L C
C L L L C O L L C O L
L C L L L C L L C O L
L C L L C C L L L L L
L L L L C
L L L L L
C C L C C
L L L C L C
L L C L C L
L C C L C C
L L L L L L L L L C I
L C C L L L L C L C L
L L I L L L L L L C L
C C L L C C C C L C L
C C L C C C C C L C L
C O L C C C O O C L C
L C L L C C C C L C L
C O L C C C C C C L C
C C L
L L L C C C C C L C L
L L L L C C C C L C L
C C L C C C C C O O C
L L L L L L L L C L
C C L I C C C C C C C
C L L C C C L L L L
L L L C C C C C L L L
C C L L C C C C C C L
L L C L C C C C L C L
C I I C C C C l C C I
C L L L C C C L C C C
C C L I L L L L L L L
C O L L C C L C C L L
C C L L C C L L C O L
C C L C L C C C C C L
C L C C C C C C C C L
C L L C C C C C L C L
C I L C C C C L C C L
L L L L C L L C L C L
C L L C C C C C C C I
C L L L C L L L L C C
L C L L L L L C L C L
L C L L L C L L L C C
I e L L L C L L L C I
C L L L L C C L L C L
C C L C C C C L C C C
C L C C C C C C C C C
L L L L L L C L L C L
C L C L L L C L C C C
C C L L L L C L C C C
C I C L C C C C C C L
C L C C C C C L C C C
C L C C C C C C C C C
I I L I I C I L I L L
C I L I I C C I C C I
I C L C I C L L C C L
L L L L L I I L L C I
C C C C L C L L C L L
L C L L L C L L I L L
C C I L L C L I e C I
0 I 3 4 5 ? 9 30
TEXAS (cont'd)
ers. Walter (D) C L C L L C L L C C C
Teague, Olin E. (D) C C C C C C C L C C C
Thomas. Albert
(D) C L L L L L L L L C L
Thompson, Clark W.
(D) L L L L L C L L L C C
Thornberry Horer (D) L L L L L C L L L L L
Wright, James C. (D) C L L C L C C L L C C
Young. John (D) L L L L L L L L L L L
UTAH
-Urton, Laurence J .
(R) C C L C C C C C C C C
Lloyd, Sherman P. (R) L L L C C C C L C C L
VERMONT
Stafford, Robert T. (R) L L L L C C C C L C L
VIRGINIA
Abbitt, Watkins M.
(D) C L C C C C C C C C C
Broyhill, Joel T. (R) C L L C C C C C C L L
Downing. Thomas N.
(D) C L
Gary, J. Vaughan
(D) L L
Hardy. Porter. Jr.
(D) L L
Jennings y W. Pat (D) C L
Marsh, John C. Jr. (D) C L
PofI. Richard H.
(R) C L
Smith, Howard W. (D) C L
WASHINGTON
Hansen, Julia B. (D)
C L
L L
* * * *
Consequences
L
L
L
L
L
L
C
C
L
L L C L L L C
C L C L L L C
L L L L L L C
L L C L L C C
C L C C C C C
C C C C C C C
C C L C C L C
C C C C C C L
L L L L L L L
* * * *
W|en oeobets o| Congtess voce |ot |e1etal
a|1 co e1acac|on, |e1etal wacet pollac|on conctol,
|ote|gn a|1, |e1etal sabs|1|es co c|e us||ng |n
1asctyc|eyvoce |otanconsc|cac|ona|ptogtams,
becaase oat Consc|cac|on 1oes noc aac|ot|ze sac|
|e1etal acc|v|c|es. No oaccet |ow a1m|tab|e c|e
intent o| sac| ptogtaos, w|en we petm|c c|e
|e1etal govetnoenc co engage |n acc|v|c|es |ot
w||c| |c |as no consc|cac|onal aac|ot|cy, we eo
1otselawlessgovetnmencw||c| w|l| eveocaally
become cocal 1|ccacots||p.
Bound Vol umes
L
L
L
L
C
L
C
C
C
In c|e coo|ng oonc|s o| |ace|al pol|c|cal
sctaggle, Boan1 Vo|aoes o| c||s Report w|ll be
|nvalaable te|etence boo|s |ot all w|o wanc
enl|g|cene1 an1etscan1|ng o| c|e gteac |ssaes.
Volaoes pt|ot co 1 962 ate so|1 oac an1 cannoc
betept|nce1. Volaoe VIII |s s:|llava|lable, |ow
evet. Ic conca|ns all Reports pabl|s|e1 1at|ng
c|e 1 962 calen1at yeatoote c|an 400 pages
o| teseatc| an1 analys|s, boan1 |noatoon |abt|
|o|1, excens|ve|y |n1exe1, an1 w|c| a cab|e o|
concencs. Vo|aoe VIII ptesencs
0 I 3 4 5 T 9 30
WASHINGTON (cont'd)
Horan, Walt (RJ C C L C C C C L C C C
Ma y, Catherine
(R) C C L C C C C L L C L
Pelly. Thomas M. (R) C L L C C C C C L C L
Stinson, K. William (R) C L L C C C C C C C L
Tollefson, Thor C. (R) C L C L C C C C L C L
Westland, Jack (R) C C L C C L C C C C C
WEST VIRGINIA
IIechler. Ken (D) L L L L L C L L L L L
Kee, Elizabeth (D) L L C L C L L C C C L
Moore. Arch A . Jr . (R) C C L L C C C C L C L
Slack, John M . Jr. (D) L C L L L L L L L C L
Staggers. Harley O. (D) L C L L I C L L L C L
WISCONSIN
Byrnes . John W.
(R) L L L C C C C C L C C
Johnson, Lester R. {D} L L L L L C L C L C L
Kastenreier. Robert W. (D) L C L l L L L C L C L
Laird, Melvin R. (R) C L L C C C C C L C C
O'Konski, Alvin E.
(R) C L L L C C C C C C L
Reus s , Henry S.
(D) L L L L L L L C L L L
Schadeberg. Henry C. (R) C C L C C C C C C C C
Thomson, Vernon W. (R) C L L C C C C C C C L
Van Pelt, William K. (R) C C L C C C C C C C C
Zablocki, Clement J . (D) L L L L C L L L L L L
WYOMING
Harrison, William Henry
(R) C L L C C C C C C C L
* * * * * * * *
relating this basic law to contemporary problems.
( 4) A series of Reports on the Supreme Court's
Prayer Decision, with historical research tracing
revolutions in constitutional doctrine which have
corrupted the meaning of our organic law - to
gether with recommended action for curbing the
Court and restoring law.
(5) Extensive discussions of such subjects as:
Withholding Tax, Mississippi Tragedy, Berlin,
Cuba, Laos, Congo, Council on Foreign Rela
tions, Progressive Education, European Common
Market, World Government, Wages of Socialism.
uoan1 Vo|ame IX (conca|n|ng all Re portJ
pab||s|e1 1at|ng 1 963 calen1at yeat) w|ll be
ava||able|ot1el|vetyaboacIebtaaty 1 5 , 1964. Ic
w||l be boao1 co macc| ptev|oas e1|c|oos, an1
w||| be exceos|ve|y |n1exe1 Boan1 Vo|aoe IX
w|l| ptesenc
( 1 ) Tabulations of 64 important roll call votes
in the U. S. Congress during 1 963.
( 2) Documented discussions of great controver
sies which will be issues in the 1 964 elections,
including Urban Renewal, Socialized Medicine,
Alliance for Progress, General Foreign Aid, Def
icit Financing, Tragedy of U. S. Membership
in the UN, Disarmament, Civil Rights, Political
Use of the Military Forces, Growing Strength of
( 1 ) Tabulations of 16 important roll call votes
the Conservative Movement and Liberal Eforts
in the U. S. Senate during 1 962, of 22 in the
to Suppress It.
House.
( 3) A clear account of the assassination of Presi-
( 2) Ratings of all Senators and Representa- dent Kennedy, and of the aftermath.
tives, based on their actual votes, for the year
Bound Volume I
X (1963 calendar year) may
1 962.
be ordered now for late February delivery: $10. 00
( 3) The full text of the U. S. Constitution and
postpaid. Bound Volume VIII (1962) may be
amendments, fully indexed, with commentary ordered for immediate delivery, same price.
THE DAN SMOOT REPORT, BOX 95 38, DALLAS, TEXAS 75 214 TAYLOR 1 -2303
Page 416
A
ABC
Harriman on TV program of, quoted
on India 9
ABOLISH THE WHOLE SYSTEM
article 95- 6
ACCELERATED PUBLIC WORKS
article on 1 63
ACCRA (GHANA) CONFERENCE ON
AFRICA
African violence planned by Soviets
at 1 1 5
Acheson, Dean G.
co- authors report for international
control of atomic energy 142
law firm of, received money from
Betancourt 53
Special Advisor to Kennedy 53
ACLU
see AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
article 364 - 5
ACTION
American Council to Improve Our
Neighborhoods full name of 30
membership of Board of Directors 30
purposes of 30
ADA, s ee AMERICANS FOR
DEMOCRATIC ACTION
article 366- 8
Adai r, E. Ross
introduces Bill to repeal Agricultural
Adjustment Act of 1 938 1 28
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, see
BUREAUCRACY
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND HEALTH
FOODS
article 2 2
"ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE
EXPANDING. ACTIVITIES OF THE
NA TIONAL GOVERNMENT ON THE
PRIVATE ECONOMY AND THE
FEDERAL SYSTEM: THE CASE FOR
FREE ENTERPRISE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT"
report by Library of Congres s ,
brief of 369- 73
ADVERTISING COUNCIL
part of Invi sible Government network
30
sponsors free radio and TV announce
ments for ACTION promoting urban
renewal 30
AFL-CIO OUTLINES THE PLAN
article 76 - 7
AFL-CIO
tCOtOttiC theory of U | -
outlines Kennedy policy of planned
deficit, quotes 76- 7
Index t o Bound Volume IX of
THE DAN SMOOT REPORT
( 1 963)
AFRICA
problems, and UN actions
1 06 - 1 0 , 1 1 3 - 2 0
s lavery returning t o 1 14
violence in, planned by Soviets at
Accra Conference 1 1 5
AFRICA 'S RED HARVEST by Pieter
Les sing
footnoted 1 2 0
AFRO-ASIAN BLOC
power of, in UN 1 06- 8
AGRARIAN REFORMS
article 54 - 6
AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT
OF 1938
Adair introduc es Bill to repeal 1 28
provides for referendum votes by
farmers 1 2 1
AGRICULTURE ADJUSTMENT ACT OF
1 933
reduced gold backing of dollar 68
AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT
defies Hatch Act in 1 963 wheat vote
342
AGRICULTURE, FEDERAL CONTROLS
OF
adverse effects of 373
AGRICULTURE TRADE DEVELOPMENT
AND ASSISTANCE ACT
see PUBLIC LAW 480
AID TO EDUCA TION
article 4 1 0
"AIDS TO YOUR COMMUNITY
PROGRAMS OF THE HOUSING AND
HOME FINANCE AGENCY"
booklet on urban renewal , quoted
3 1 - 2
ALABAMA
Kennedy quoted on sending federal
troops 1 72
Alessandri , Jorge
visit to Kennedy 6 1
Alger , Bruce
aims of ADA, quote 367
Bill to eliminate withholding tax
introduced by, in 1 9 62 24
introduces Bill to get U. S . out of
UN 1 04, 1 20
introduces Bill t o repeal Income Tax
96
on 1 964 Budget, quote 79
on withholding tax, quote 277
places material on defeat of urban
renewal in Congres sional Record
40
ALLEGHENY CONFERENCE ON
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
supports urban renewal 30
ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS
actually started by Eis enhower
49 , 5 1
forcing communist dictatorships in
Latin America 62
Kennedy quoted on 5 1
origins of 49 - 5 2
preparing Latin America for
communism 1 08
promotes anti -American politicians
6 1
promotes socialistic agrarian reform
54- 6
provisions and purpos es 5 1 - 2
to expand gifts to Mexico 62
total foreign aid to countries of 64
uses Venezuela as showpiece 53- 4
ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS - - PART I
article 49 - 56
ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS -- PART II
article 5 7 - 64
ALLIANCE FOR POLITICIANS
article 6 1
ALLIANCE SHOWPIECE
article 53
ALLIED STORES CORP.
Almond, Lt . General Edward M.
testimony on Korean war 1 1
ALUMINUM CO. OF AMERICA (ALCOA)
AMARILLO, TEXAS
defeated urban renewal 40
AMENDMENTS TO U . S . CONSTITUTION,
s e e CONSTITUTION, U . S .
AMERICAN BROADCASTING COMPANY,
see ABC
AMERICA: CULMINATION OF THE
CHRISTIAN IDEAL
article 394- 6
AMEROCAN ABOUT FACE, AN
article 1 3 1
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
early history, founding 364
Founders listed 364
Oswald attends meeting of, at
SMU 403
relation to Socialist Party 364
shows film on evil of right-wing 403
supported by members of Wilson
administration 364
AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON AFRICA
activities of 1 14- 5
affiliated with CFR 1 14
officials of 1 1 4
supports communist Holden Roberto
in Angola 1 14- 5
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR
INTERNATIONAL MUNICIPAL
COOPERATION, THE
part of " 1 3 1 3 Metro" interlocked
with CFR 29
AMERICAN COUNCIL TO IMPROVE
OUR NEIGHBORHOODS, see ACTION
AMERICAN DRUGGIST
warns of Drug Industry investigation,
quote 1 8
AMERICAN FEDERATIONIST, THE
recommends higher federal spending
and deficits , quotes 76- 7
AMERICAN MUNICIPAL ASSOCIATION
with CFR 29
AMERICAN NEGRO PROBLEMS
communist book, quote 2 14- 5
AMERICAN PROSPERITY
article 67 - 8
Anfuso, Victor L. ASILOMAR NATIONAL STRATEGY
anti -firearms Bill of, dis cuss ed 404
SEMINAR
ANGOLA
communist actions against , history
of 1 1 5- 9
comIIunist terrorists in, based in
Congo, Guinea 1 1 5
communist terrorists in, get guns
from UN-Congo troops 1 1 8
description of terror in, by Gen.
Howley 1 1 6 - 7
importance of, i n Africa 1 1 9
problems , and U. S . action 1 09 - 1 0 ,
1 1 3 - 2 0
terror defended by Adlai Stevenson
1 1 7
terror in, described by American
Committee on Foreign Affairs ,
quote 1 1 7- 8
UN action condemned by Max Yergan,
quote 1 1 8
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1 953, HOUSE
COMMITTEE ON UN- AMERICAN
ACTIVITIES
footnoted 24
Nitze , Rostow recoIendations at
148
ASSASSINA TION, THE
article 377 - 84
ASSOCIA TED PRESS
dispatch on gold quoted 1 82
ATLANTIC ALLIANCE, see NATO
ATLANTIC I PACIFIC TEA CO. (AIP)
supports urban renewal 3 1
AUSTRALIA
angry at U. S . 1 09
angry at U. S. for actions i n New
Guinea 42
little progres s made by negroes 2 14
AUTHORITY FOR URBAN RENEWAL
article 25- 6
B
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PUBLIC BACKGROUND
ADMINIS TRA TION
with CFR 29
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANNING
OFFICIALS
with CFR 29
AMERICAN -SOVIET RELATIONS
background of 241 - 5
AMERICAN STANDARD
footnoted 72
AMERICAN TRAGEDY, THE
article 209 - 1 6
AMERICANS FOR DEMOCRA TIC
ACTION
aims and purpos es of 367- 8
endors ed statement by Schlesinger
on future of s ocialism, quote 367- 8
founders of , partial list 366
history of 366- 8
prai sed by communist party 225- 6
relation t o Socialist Party 366- 7
AMERICA'S RETREAT FROM VICTORY
by Joseph R. McCarthy
footnoted 1 6
Anderson, Admiral George W.
criticizes McNamara' s policies ,
quote 299
ANDREW JOHNSON: A STUDY IN
COURAGE by Lloyd Paul Stryker
footnoted 8
AND NOW
article 1 34
AND THEN THE MOON?
article D I
AREA REDEVELOPMENT, s e e also
PUBLIC HOUSING; URBAN RENEWAL
article 267- 8
ARGENTINA
article 43- 5
attitude of, toward American
Industry 44- 5
description of 44
Kennedy on U. S . relations with,
quote 43
labor unions dominate economy 43
U. S . foreign aid to 64
ARMED FORCES, U . S .
abus es of, by politicians 3 1 0 - 1 1
dependents of members to wear
uniforms 1 92
Guderian plan for reorganization of
3 0 1 - 2
land confiscation discussed 236- 7
McNamara and Kennedy implement
Reuther recommendations 290 - 1
McNamara' s abuse of, dis cuss ed
297 - 9
reorganization discuss ed 299- 303
Reuther recommends removal of
right -wing members 290 - 1
ARMED FORCES INTEGRATION, see
GESELL REPORT
ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT
AGENCY, see DISARMAMENT AGENCY
ARMY, U. S .
communists in 1 79- 80
AS BRAZIL GOES .
article 59 - 6 1
ASIA
communist China source and center of
communism in 1 0
article on Laos 1 29- 30
BAKER VERSUS CARR, see SUPREME
COURT DECISIONS - Tenne s s ee Election
Cas e
Bakewell , Paul , Jr.
author of Inflation i n the United
States 69
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, see also
---
GOLD PROBLEM
discussed, defined 3 3 1
Baldwin, Hanson W.
article by, on McNamara' s Defense
Department, quoted 297- 8
Balewa, Sir Abubakar Tafawa
demands more UN power, quote 1 07
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
urban renewal proj ect , cost 35
Baruch, Bernard M.
disarmament plan, in 1 945 1 41 - 2
Bates , Harry C .
member, Board of Directors of
ACTION 30
BAY OF PIGS, see also CUBA
John F. Kennedy' S betrayal called
"mistake" by Robert F. Kennedy 23
Kennedy brothers deny federal
government had hand in ransom of
pris oners 23
prisoners ransomed by promi se of
tax cut to Drug Industry if contribu
tions made 23
Beall , J. Glenn
statement in favor of test ban treaty,
quote 3 1 6
Becker, Frank J .
quoted on Kennedy tax reforms 85
quoted on 1 964 budget 89-90
Beebe , Lucius
quoted on Kuchel ' s attack on right
wingers 1 78- 9
Beesley, Eugene N.
opposition t o Kefauver Drug
Indus try Bill 1 9
BEGINNING, THE
article 253-4
"BEHIND THE TERROR I N AFRICAN
ANGOLA: REVERSION TO SAVAGERY"
by Brig . Gen. Frank L. Howley
footnoted 1 20
BELGRADE NEUTRALIST CONFERENCE
condemns U. S . 1 07
Bell , David E.
recommends deficit spending,
quote 76
Berl e, Adolf A.
quoted on troops from Ghana in Cuba
to invade Haiti 1 84
BESSENER SEC URI TIES CORP.
BETANCOURT, JIMENEZ , DREW
PEARSON, AND THE MONITOR
article 86-8
Betancourt , Romulo
a communist 52
communist record of 86, 88
defended by Drew Pearson 86- 7
defended by Erwin D. Canham 87
expelled from U. S . for communist
activities in 1 9 56 53
insults U. S. but praises Kennedy 54
story of, biographical 52 - 3
BIG JOB TO DO, THE
article 28- 9
BLACK MUSLIMS
beliefs of 1 74- 5
organizing an elite militia 1 74
Blair , John M.
author o f Seeds o f Destruction which
says private capitalism i s doomed
1 8
chief economist for Kefauver Drug
Industry Investigation 1 8
slants Kefauver Drug Industry
Investigation against big business
18
BLUEPRINT FOR SUICIDE, THE
article 77 - 9
B 'NAI B' RITH
Johnson speech to, in 1 9 56, quote 405
BOGOTA CONFERENCE
discussion of 50- 1
Bohlen, Charles
member, Council on Foreign
Relations 149
BOLIVIA
Bolling, Richard
calls conservative Democrats
' subversives , ' quote 404
demands punishment of cons ervative
Democrats 403-4
BOUND VOLUME
article 1 6 , 56
BOUND VOLUME VIII
article 303-4
Bradley, General Omar
on cost of National Defense, quote
9 1
Brameld, Theodore
communist fronter used by Supreme
Court as authority for school
segregation decision 6
BRASILIA, BRAZIL
cause of Brazi l ' s inflation 57
described, discuss ed 57 - 8 , 6 1
example of socialist planned economy
57
BRAZIL
Are.rican businesslTIen in, activities
of 60 - 1
article 45- 6
communists and pro -communists work
with President Goulart 60
communist support for Kubitschek
and Goulart 59
confiscation of private property in,
good business 45- 6
gets U. S . tax money from UN
Special Fund, amount 98
Goulart becomes pro- communist
dictator 60
inflation caus ed by Brasilia .7
money exchange rates 57
political history, recent 59-60
proclaimed neutralist by President
Quadros 60
s eized I T&T properties 45- 6
study of, by Senator Mansfield,
quoted 62- 3
U. S. foreign aid to 64
BRETTON WOODS CONFERENCE OF
1 944, see INTERNATIONAL MONETARY
FUND
BRIEF CHRONOLOGY, A
article 1 41 -4
BRITAIN, s ee GREAT BRITAIN
BROADCASTING
article 2 9 1 - 3
BROCHURE ON THE 14TH AMENDMENT,
A, by John B. Mason
- footnoted 8
Brown, Constantine
D\1CO : Sovie\ Plans in 1D\11
America" 350 - 1
BROWN VERSUS BOARD OF
EDUCATION, see SUPREME COURT
DECISIONS - - school segragation case
Brizola, Leonel
communist Governor of Rio Grande
Do SuI in Brazil 45
Buckman, Sandy
story of 345
BUREAUCRACY
administrative laws of
unconstitutional 22
control of Drug Industry by 20
BUREAUCRATIC RIVALRY
article 2 5 1 - 2
BURMA
gets U. S . tax money from UN Special
Fund, amount 98
BUSINESS
hurt by Trade Expansion Act 1 83-4
BUSINESS ADVISORY COUNCIL, see
BUSINESS COUNCIL
BUSINESS COUNCIL
Weinberg, Sidney, member of 30
BUSINESSMEN, AMERICAN
activities in Brazil 60- 1
Bush, Dr . Vannevar
opposition to Kefauver Drug Industry
Bill of 1 9 6 1 1 9
Butler, John Marshall
describes Kefauver Drug Industry
Investigation, quote 1 8
Byrd, Richard E.
prediction on Income Tax, quote 273
C
CED, see COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
CFR, s ee COUNCIL ON FOREIGN
RELATIONS
Cabell , Earle
c.ondemns cons ervati ves in Dallas 347
CABOT, CABOT & FORBES
CALIFORNIA FEPC
activities of 2 1 9
CAMBODIA
created a neutral nation by Geneva
Conference of 1 9 54 1 30
CAN WE TRUST OUR LEADERS ?
article 1 7 1 - 3
CANADA
U . S . State Department 111CI\C1CB 11
internal affairs of 4 1 . 48
Canby, Henry Seidel
member of CFR and American
Committee on Africa 1 1 4
Canham, Erwin D.
letter attacking Jiminez and defending
Betancourt, quote 87
letter to Dan Smoot, quote 87
Cannon, Clarence
on Kennedy' s 1 964 budget, quoted
70- 2
CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI
Caplin, Mortimer M.
head of IRS on the powers of IRS
agents 1 63
Castro, Fidel
defended by foreign minister of
Colombia 50
CAUSE FOR ALL AMERICANS, A
article 1 27
CHAMIZAL, EL
discus sion of 2 38
Kennedy to give this Texas land to
Mexico 1 7 2- 3
Chao Fu
former Chinese communist official on
communist China and fear of
Chiang, quote 1 3
Chase , Salmon P.
refuses to hear injunction cases
against Reconstruction Act of
1 867 3
Chiang Kai - shek, see also CHNA,
NATIONALIST; FORMOSA
age of 14
believes Asians should fight Asia' s
wars 1 1
forbidden by U . S . to invade
communist China 1 0 - 1 1
forced off continent of Asia by State
Department 1 1
forced to negotiate with communists
by George C . Marshall 1 1
kept from invading communist China
by 7th Fleet under Truman's
orders 1 1
offer of troops during Korean War re
fus ed by Truman 1 1
refuses Eis enhower adm.inistration
deal on Quemoy and Matsu 1 2
speech t o National Ass embly of
China, 1 960, quote 1 2 - 1 3
warning by on false communist
China - U. S . S . R. split, quote 1 4
CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE
footnoted 104, 1 1 2 , 1 36
CHICAGO SUN- TIMES
article on Kennedy' s defense plans
quoted 149
CHICAGO TRIBUNE PRESS SERVICE
"Red China Said to Fear Invasion,
Revolt" story of, footnoted 1 6
CHILE
President Alessandri convinces
Kennedy he is not too conservative
61
CHNA, COMMUNIST
afraid of Chiang Kai - shek, quote from
former com.munist Chinese official
1 3
can be defeated by Nationalist China
14- 1 6
Chiang Kai - shek on strength of,
quote 1 2 - 14
invasion of India discuss ed 9 - 1 0
prestige inflated by Korean war 1 2
source and center of communism in
Asia 1 0
split with U. S . S . R. false 1 4
tactics of, against U. S .
threatens t o take Formosa
1 0
1 2
CHINA, NATIONALIST, s ee also Chiang
Kai - shek; FORMOSA
..
can defeat communist China 1 4- 1 6
Eisenhower administration eager to
abandon Matsu and Quemoy in 1 9 58
1 2
Eisenhower administration willing to
make deal with communist China over
Matsu and Quemoy 1 2
military supplies given t o Asiatic
nations who will never fight com
munism should be given to 1 5- 1 6
should be permitted t o invade
communist China 1 5 - 1 6
U. S . military aid to consist of
obsolete equipment 14
CHINA STORY, THE by Freda Utley
footnoted 16
CHINESE NEWS SERVICE
pres s releases footnoted 1 6
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, THE,
see also Canham, Erwin D.
..
leftwing propaganda force 53
CHRISTIANITY
magnifies the individual, not the
mas ses 393
m.aster principle of American
documents of government 393
socialization of, discussed 397- 8
CHRISTMAS GIVING
article 327- 8
CIVIL DEFENSE, see also OFFICE OF
EMERGENCY PLANNING
Eisenhower creates Office of Civil and
Defens e Mobilization 1 70
Eisenhower i ssues mock martia1 law
order during test in 1 955 1 69 - 7 0
CIVIL RIGHTS
Civil Rights Bill of 1 866 vetoed by
President JOI1SO:
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1 963
article 2 0 1 - 08
CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION
article 41 0
CIVIL WAR, see WAR BETWEEN THE
STATES
Clark, Jos eph S . , Jr.
dedicated to socialist revolution 30
member , board of Directors of
ACTION
on Congres s , Constitution, quotes
227
statement i n favor of test ban
treaty, quote 3 1 5
Clark, Kenneth B.
evidence before Supreme Court
proven false 6
Clark, General Mark W.
testimony on Korean war 1 1
Cochrane, Dr . Willard W .
devised communist -fascist farm
system for Kennedy 1 26
Cohen, Israel
communist official , views on rac e,
quote 2 3 1 - 2
Colby, Bainbridge
reas ons for not recognizing Soviet
Union, quote 242
Colley, Nathaniel S .
NAACP official who wrote Gesell
Report 305
COLOMBIA
Foreign Minister of, defends Castro
50
U . S. foreign aid to 64
COLONIALISM
European versus Soviet, U. S .
attitude toward 1 14
COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
control center, urban renewal
propaganda drive 30
description of programs for urban
renewal promotion 30
influential member of CFR network
2 9 - 30
COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION
article on, including cost of 1 63
subsidizes big farm operators ,
destroying free market 1 2 3
COMMUNISM, see also FASCISM;
..
SOCIALISM
Roosevelt administration attitude
toward 3 53- 4
same as fascism and s ocialisI
355- 60
same as socialism and fascism 83
COMMUNISM AND SOCIALISM
similarity of 365- 6
LLII1IlC LI|I/, CC LI
COMMUNIST
COMMUNIST FRONT MEMBERS
Brameld, Theodore , member of 1 0
communist fronts 6
Frazier, E. Franklin, has 1 8
citations 6
Lasagna, Louis , official of
Consumers Union 1 8
Weaver, Robert C . , Housing Adminis
trator for Kennedy administration 30
COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
Consumers Union 1 8, 24
COMMUNIST INTENT
article 1 38-40
COMMUNIST MANIFESTO by Karl Marx
application of, to America, quoted
373- 5
article 37 - 8
article 373- 5
Point 9 of, on establishment of
metropolitan government -like
areas , quoted 37
COMMUNIST NATIONS
money received by, from UN
Special Fund, amounts 98- 9
COMMUNIST PARTY, U. S . A.
Hall directive on program of, 1 963
225 - 7
on race problem, quote 2 14- 5
prai ses Eisenhower 225
racial agitation program of , quote
2 1 7
COMMUNIST PERFORMANCE
article 140 - I
COMMUNIST TECHNIQUES
article 1 41
COMMUNIST TRADE GOODS
State Department requests American
business es to s ell communist goods
326
COMMUNISTS
Betancourt, ROITlUlo 52 - 3
Brizola, Leonel of Brazil 45
Cohen, Israel, quoted on race
program 2 3 1 - 2
DuBoi s , W. E. B. , NAACP founder
365
election of, i n India 3 58
favor TVA, quote 255
Foster, WilliaIl Z . , national chairIan
of communist party ( U. S . ) , quoted
2 5 , 32
in Brazil support Kubitschek and
Goulart in elections 59
in Brazil work with President Goulart
60
in Roosevelt-Wallace Dept . of
Agriculture initiate farm programs
1 23
Kallett, Arthur, named member 1 8 ,
24
Kong Le seizes power in Laos 1 3 1
Roberto, Holden, in Angela 1 14- 5
Sukarno of Indonesia 1 08
COMPULSORY WHEAT CONTROLS
article 1 22- 3
CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
former members placed under military
dictatorship by Reconstruction Act of
1 867 3
re- established legitimate governments
as States of United States 2
CONFISCA TING THE LAND
article 233-40
CONGO
Angola terrorists bas ed in 1 1 6
South Kasai province revolt put
down by UN 1 0 1
UN admits lying about operations in
1 0 1
UN troops in give guns to Angola
terrorists 1 1 8
CONGO CRISIS AND THE NEED FOR
C ONCILIA TION
speech by Senator Dodd, footnoted
48
CONGRESS, U. S .
delays Kennedy legislation in early
1 963 1 6 1 - 2
illegal i n 1 865 - 1 867 2 - 3
members of Congres s who are mem
bers of ADA listed 367
New Deal socialists gain control by
1 938 1 7
no authority t o coerce action on
Amendments 3
roll call votes during 1 963 1 6 1 - 8,
265- 72, 2 8 1 - 8 , 409 - 1 6
roll call votes , explanation of 1 6 1
CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY,
see CORE
CONGRESSIONAL FUND
article by Mabeth E. Smoot 47 - 8
CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY ALMANAC
1%1
--otnoted 24
CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY
WEEKLY REPORT
footnoted 8, 24, 40, 88, 96, 104
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
footnoted 32 , 40, 48, 56, 72, 88, 96,
1 04, 1 1 2 , 1 28, 1 36, 1 52 , 1 60, 1 76,
1 84, 200, 208, 232, 247, 264, 296,
304, 3 1 2 , 320, 336, 344, 3 5 1 , 360,
368, 408
CONNALLY 'S RESERVATION
article 258 - 9
efforts to repeal 259- 61
Eisenhower favors repeal of 260
CONNECTICUT BANK & TRUST CO.
CONSEQUENCES
article 41 6
CONSERVATIVES
recommended actions for , in 1 964
1 85- 1 9 1
Strom Thurmond best in Senate
1 90 - 1
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERI CA: ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION: ANNOTA
TIONS OF CASES DECIDED BY THE
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED
STATES TO JUNE 30; 1 9 52
footnoted 8
CONSTITUTION, U. S .
Amendment process
Amendment proces s, Article V,
text 8
changing by public officials illegal 5
Christian in principle 393
Congress has no authority to coerce
action on Amendments to 3
contract between people and
government 5
Electoral system, discus sion 1 85- 6
Fourteenth Amendment abolition will
restore constitutional government 8
Fourteenth Amendment, article on
history, illegality of 1 - 8
Fourteenth Amendment contained es -
s ential proviSions of Civil Rights
Bill of 1 866 3
Fourteenth Amendment intentions
stated in 1 873 Supreme Court
decision 4
Fourteenth Amendment should be re
submitted for ratifications or
rej ection 7 - 8
Fourteenth Amendment us ed a s pretext
for 1 9 54 Supreme Court school
s egragation decision 5
Fourteenth Amendment re- defined by
Supreme Court 5
Fourteenth Amendment used in
Supreme Court decisions to change
meaning of 5- 7
gives no grant of power to federal
government to regulate Drug Industry
1 9 - 2 0
gives no grant of power t o government
for urban renewal or public housing
activities 2 5 - 6
limits federal government 395-6
meaning changed by Supreme Court 6
Sixteenth Amendment (Income Tax)
must be abolished 95- 6
Sixteenth Amendment repeal would stop
urban renewal and similar projects
40
Supreme Court can be limited by
Congres s , Article 3, Section 2 ,
Clause 2 7
Thirteenth Amendment submitted and
ratified 2
CONSTITUTIONAL CONSERVATIVES
article 390
CONSTITUTIONAL DOCTRINE
administrative laws of government
agencies unconstitutional 22
Congres smen of 1906 recognized
constitutional liIlitations on powers
of federal government 1 7
Daniel Webster o n destruction of,
quote 225
discussion of basic concepts 390
Drug Industry Act of 1 962 unconsti
tutional 1 9- 20
electoral college 1 85 - 6
fear o f political power discuss ed
354- 5
Jefferson quoted o n trust o f govern
ment 1 69
mass immunization program of 1 962
unconstitutional 22
on civil rights 2 0 1 - 2
on urban renewal 2 5 - 6
on withholding tax 274-5
referendum voting violates 1 2 1
U. S . has no right to s olve Latin
America' s problems 63- 4
CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
cannot be restored unless 14th
Amendment abolished 8
CONSUMERS UNION
communist front organization until
1 9 54 1 8 , 24
Copeland, Royal S .
introduced unconstitutional food, drug,
and cosmetics Bill in 1 933 1 7
COPLEY NEWS SERVICE
story by about Kais er Corp. in
Argentina, quote 44
CORE
communist-infiltrated 206
interlocked with NAACP, Urban
League 2 07
protests Washington police action
against negroes 1 99
CORPORATE TAXES
article 83
CORRECTION
to page 68 1 1 2
to page 85 1 1 2
COSTA RICA
COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, see
also INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT
merican Committee on Africa
affiliate of 1 14
Bohlen, Charles , member of 149
communist Harry Dexter White
member of 330
control center for the Invisible
Government 29
Gates , Thomas S . , member of 1 50
Graham, Philip L. , member of 30
Gruenther , General Alfred M. ,
member of 1 50
Herter, Christian A. , member of
1 50
Hoffman, Paul G. , member of 97
indirectly interlocked with CORE,
NAACP, Urban League 207
Lodge, Henry Cabot , member of 1 50
Marcus , Stanley, member of 30
members of CFR who are members
of ADA listed 366- 7
members of i n American Committee
on Africa listed 1 14
members of who are members of
LID listed 363-4
Nitze, Paul, member of 148
Oppenheimer member of 302
rol e of i n reorganizing Armed
Forces 302 - 3
Rostow, Walt Whitman, member of
1 48
Wiesner, Dr . Jerome B. , member
of 149
COURT WE CAN TRUST, THE
article 263- 4
COVER UP?
article 39 1 - 2
Cowles , Gardner
Committee on Africa 1 14
Cramer, William C .
research by, on Betancourt 52
CRIME AND DELINQUENCY
article 38
CROWN ZELLERBACH CORP.
CUBA, s ee also BAY OF PIGS
artick 46- 7
gets U. S. tax money from UN Special
Fund and UN, amounts 98 - 9
Kennedy on Soviet military buildup
in, quote 46
Kennedy on Soviet military i n,
quote 245- 6
O. A. S . refuses t o condemn 49 - 5 1
predictions about proven 1 83
review of October, 1 962 Cuban
crisis 245
Robert F. Kennedy' s role in ransom
of prisoners 2 3
Soviet military buildup 46-7
CURRENT FIGHT : DAVID AND
GOLIA TH, THE
article 1 27
D
Da Cruz, Clemente
trained by co:runists to organize
against Angola 1 1 5
DAILY SENTINEL, GRAND JUNCTION,
COLORADO
blames conservatives for President ' s
death, quoted 389
DALLAS, TEXAS
Stevenson speech and incident 347- 9
DALLAS MORNING NEWS, THE
article in, on Soviet military buildup
in Cuba, quoted 46- 7
footnoted 1 6 , 24, 1 04, 1 28, 1 36, 1 60,
1 76, 1 84, 1 92, 224, 232, 248 , 3 1 2 ,
3 5 1 , 384, 392, 408
DALLAS TIMES HERALD, THE
OO\1O\OO 1 6 , 1 04, 1 28, 1 36, 1 76 ,
1 9 2 , 208, 224, 248 , 304, 328, 344,
384, 392 , 408
UPI story in, on Cuba, quoted 46, 47
DANGERS OF OUR UN MEMBERSHIP
article 1 0 1 - 2
DAN SMOOT TV FILM NOW
AVAILABLE TO GENERAL PUBLIC
article 79- 80
DARKNESS IS DESCENDING ON THE
LAND
article 289 - 9 6
DATA PROCESSING
article 41 1 - 2
Davidson, Judge T. Whitfield
fights Supreme Court on Haley
wheat cas e, quote 1 24- 6
De Andrade , Pinto
trained by communists to organize
against Angola 1 1 5
visits the U . S . 1 1 9
D . C . SUBWAY
article 41 2
DECLARATION OF SAN JOSE
provisions of 50
DECLINE SETS IN
article 68
DEFENSE, see NATIONAL DEFENSE
DEFENSE DEPARTMENT, see als o
ARMED FORCES, GESELL REPORT,
NA TIONAL DEFENSE
McNamara' s policies discuss ed by
military men 298- 9
McNamara' s rule discuss ed by
Hanson Baldwin 297- 8
reorganization of, recolnmended by
George Marshall 300
Rockefeller Report used to reorganize
302
DEFICIT FINANCING, see FEDERAL
BUDGET, FEDERAL SPENDING
DEFICIT FINANCING - - PART I
article 65- 72
DEFICIT FINANCING -- PART II
article 73- 80
De Gaulle , Charles
Kennedy may take reprisals against
41
DEINBIENPHU
fall of, to communists 1 30
DEMOCRACY
workings of 1 2 1
DEMOCRAT PARTY
prai s ed by communist party 225- 6
DEMOCRAT PARTY PLATFORM, 1 960
quote on public power 249
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, see
DEFENSE DEPARTMENT, NATIONAL
DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, see
HEALTH, EDUCATION AND
WELFARE, DEPARTMENT OF
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, s ee
STATE DEPARTMENT
DEPRESSION
did not abate until World War II
economy 66
DES MOINES, IOWA
defeated urban renewal 39-40
DETAILED STORY, THE
article about Laos 1 3 5 - 6
DETROIT TIMES
footnoted 1 28
Deutsch, Eberhard P.
devised Long plan for World Court
2 6 1
Dillon, C. Douglas
on gold problem, quote 341
promi ses $500 million to Latin
America as member of Eisenhower
adIlinistration 50 - 1
says he would recoITlIlend veto unles s
entlre Kennedy tax reforIl adopted
8 5
says Kennedy tax reform i s really
an increase 84
"DILLON' S TREASURY : HIS TOLER
ANCE OF DEFICIT SPENDING
SURPRISES THE FINANCIAL
COMMUNITY, " by Arthur Krock
footnoted 80
Dirksen, Everett McKinley
pres ents evidence AITerican POW' s
rOITl Korean war still i n com
ITlunist jails 1 79
stateIlent i n favor of test ban treaty,
quote 3 1 7
DISARMAMENT, s e e also
DISARMAMENT AGENCY,
TEST BAN TREATY
Baruch Plan discuss ed 142
discussion of 1 37 - 60
historical chronology, 1 945 through
1 9 57 1 41 -4
historical chronology, 1 9 58 through
1 9 6 1 146 - 5 1
historical chronology, 1 962 through
1 963 1 55- 9
purposes of, according to
COITlmunist International 241
quotes rOIl Lenin, Khrushchev,
others on l 39 -40
U. S. proposals of DeceIlber , 1 962,
quoted 1 58
DISARMAMENT AGENCY
Agency head WilliaITl C . Foster
quoted on U. S. plan 1 56
disarITlament plans of, quotes
1 5 1 - 2
facts on 1 78
powers of 1 50- 1
Senators and Representatives who
voted agains t 1 60
DISARMAMENT AGENCY AND TEST
BAN TREATY
article 41 0
DISARMAMENT AGENC Y FUNDS
article 267
DISARMAMENT PART I
article 1 37 -44
DISARMAMENT - - PART II
article 1 45- 52
DISARMAMENT -- PART III
article 1 53 - 60
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WELFARE
article 4 1 1
Dodd, ThoITlas J .
quoted on nuclear test bans 147
speech by, on the Congo, footnoted
48
Doenitz, Grand AdITliral Karl
last 'fuehrer ' of nazi GerIlany 301
recommends German government
based on AITlerican constitutional
principles 301
DOES THE U. S. OPPOSE
COMMUNIST WORLD CONQUEST ?
article - 3 53- 60
DOMESTIC PEACE CORPS, see
NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
O. A. S. takes action against 50
Donaldson, John
wheat case discus sed 1 23- 4
Doolittle, Senator
quoted on adoption of 1 4th
AITlendment 4
DRAPER 8 KRAMER, INC .
DREADFUL AFFAIR, THE
article 346- 7
DRUG CONTROL AND FLUORIDATION
article 23
DRUG INDUSTRY
effects of socialization of, in
Soviet Union and Great Britain 23
prices of wholesale products of 2 0
promised tax cut to, i f contributions
made to get Bay of Pigs prisoners
back 23
Senate investigation in 1 959, results
1 8, 20
socializing of 1 7 - 24
DRUG INDUSTRY ACT, THE
article 18 - 1 9
DRUG INDUSTRY ACT OF 1 962
can eliminate meaningful competition
1D 1YOR DO$LY} <- I
pas s ed unaniIlously by Senate 1 9
provisions of 1 8- 1 9 , 2 0 , 2 1
related to fluoridation drive 2 3
thalidoIlide publicity used for
pas sage of 1 9
unconstitutional 1 9- 20
DRUG INDUSTRY BILL OF 1 9 6 1
introduced by Estes Kefauver 1 8
Kennedy urges favorable action on
1 9
Ilaj or provisions of 1 8- 1 9
oppos ed by leading druggists 1 9
DRUGS AND DISHONESTY
article 23
Dubinsky, David
confers with Johnson 406
"DUBIOUS ORIGIN OF THE
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT" by
Walter J. Suthon, Jr . , TULANE
LAW REVIEW
footnoted 8
DURHAM MORNING HERALD, THE
Editorial footnoted 8
E
Eastland, Jan,es O.
speech, 5/26/55, footnoted 8
speech, 9/26/62 , footnoted 8
Eaton, Cyrus S .
pro-Soviet AITlerican industrialist
1 57
ECUADOR
U . S . foreign aid to 64
EDIFICE OF LIBERTY, THE
article 225- 32
EDUCA TION, s ee PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Edwards , George Clifton, Jr .
IleIlber of LID 343
socialist with jail record appointed
federal judge by Kennedy 343
EEC
-- rticles froIl quoted 76- 7
EFFOR TS TO REPEAL
article 259 - 60
EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION
accepted Korean war arIlistice
dictated by comIlunists 1 2
balance of power i n UN shifts t o
Afro-Asian bloc during 1 06
philosophy saITle as Kennedy
adIlinistration 40 1
places controls on wheat farming 1 22
wanted t o abandon Matsu and QueIloy
to cOITlIlunist China in 1 9 58 1 2
willing t o ITlake deal with cOIlmunist
China on Matsu and Quemoy in 1 955
1 2
Eisenhower , Dwight D.
actually started Alliance for Progress
49, 5 1
calls mock Ilartial law i n 1 9 55 civil
defense practice 1 69- 70
defies laws on Panama Canal 342
defies Pos s e Comitatus Act 342
earnings from books by not taxed as
income 275- 6
emi ssaries shaIIe America by inter
national begging 74
Executive Orders of amended by
Kennedy 1 70
Executive Orders on integration 2 1 8
favors repeal of Connoly Reservation
260
had biggest peacetime deficit in
history 74
helps create communist-controlled
International Atomic Energy Agency
1 43-4
nominated Jes sup to World Court 2 64
praised by communist party 225
record of, on disarmament 146- 8
s ells out Hungarian Revolt 1 8 1
stops U. S. Army from taking Berlin,
Prague 324
urges Washington to integrate and
become model city 1 93
EffENHOWER RECORD, THE
article 1 46 - 8
EL DORADO, ARKANSAS
EL SALVADOR, see SAN SALVADOR
EMERGENCY PLANNING, see OFFICE
OF EMERGENCY PLANNIN--
EMINENT DOMAIN
article 27- 8
discussion of 27- 8
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA THE
footnoted 8
'
ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA
footnoted 24, 64
ENGEL VERSUS VITALE, see SUPREME
COURT DECISIONS - New York School
Prayer Case
ENGLAND, see GREAT BRITAIN
"EPISODE OF THE RUSSIAN SEAMEN
THE, " Report by Senate Internal
'
Security Subcommittee
footnoted 1 1 2, 392
EQUALITY OF RIGHTS BETWEEN
RACES AND NATIONALITIES IN
THE USSR
published by UNESCO, quotes 1 00
Ervin, Sam J . , Jr.
statement i n favor of test ban treaty,
quote 3 1 6
Evans , J . Claude
blames assassination on ' radical right , '
quote 402 - 3
chaplain of SMU 402
EXECUTIVE ORDERS, see
Eis enhower, Dwight D. -
Kennedy, John .
Office of Emergency Planning
Roos evelt , Franklin D .
Truman, Harry S .
EXPOR T -IMPOR T BANK
article 2 67
FABIANS
article 362
F
FACTS AND FIGURES ON
GOVERNMENT FINANCE
footnoted 72
FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES
COMMISSION
activities of California FEPC,
dangers 2 1 9
FAIRNESS DOCTRINE, see
FEDERAL COMMUNICA TIONS
COMMISSION
FALLACY, A
article 252- 3
FARM AND RANCH
footnoted 1 28
F ARM PROBLEM
article on 1 2 1 - 2
Feed Grains Act of 1 963 discus sed
1 64
Kennedy-Cochrane scheme discuss ed
1 26
F ARM PROBLEM - - WHEAT
discus sion of 1 2 1 - 8
discus sion of cases 1 23 - 6
Eisenhower administration respon-
sible for controls on wheat farmers
1 22
federal controls on wheat farmers
1 22- 7
FARMERS FOR FREEDOM
description of activities 1 27- 8
FARMERS WHO LOVE FREEDOM
ARE TREATED AS CRIMINALS
article 1 23- 4
FASCISM, see also , COMMUNISM;
SOCIALISM--
same as <ommunism and sociali sm
3 55- 60
same as s ocialism and comrunisI
83
FEDERAL AGENCIES , see als o
BUREAUCRACY
..
control of Drug Industry by 20
dangers of those involved in
science and res earch 92- 3
involved i n science and research,
list 92
FEDERAL AID TO EDUCA TION
adverse effects of 37 0 - 1
FEDERAL AID TO MEDICINE
article on federal aid to medical
schools and students 1 64
FEDERAL BUDGET IN BRIEF 1 962
footnoted 80
FEDERAL BUDGET OF 1 962

deficit of 75
deficit of 75
discussion of by U. S . Repres entative
Cannon 70- 2
first planned deficit budget 77
Hous e debates on, quotes 89- 90
Kennedy quoted on 77, 78
largest budget i n world history 77
Senators and Repres entatives on
quotes 79
'
specific reductions recommended 94
stati stics 77- 8
U. S. Representative Johansen says
deficit will be $20 billion 78
FEDERAL COMMUNICA TIONS
COMMISSION
activities against cons ervative
programs 292 - 5
' Fairness Doctrine, ' complete text
293- 4
' Fairness Doctrine ' discussed 293- 6
reaction of stations t o ' Fairness
Doctrine ' 294- 5
FEDERAL CONTROL OF
AGRICULTURE
discussion of 1 2 1 - 8
initiated by communists i n Roosevelt
Wallace Dept . of Agriculture 1 23
FEDERAL CONTROLS
imposed by urban renewal on private
developers 34- 5
FEDERAL CREDIT AGENCIES
detrimental effects of 3 7 1 - 2
FEDERAL DEBT
increas ed by all Presidents s ince
Roosevelt 66
FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS
opinion of, in Washington, D . C . ,
urban renewal case of 1 9 54,
quoted 26- 7
FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND
COSMETICS ACT OF 1 938
rej ected in 1 933 when introduced
by Senator Copeland 1 7
unconstitutional law signed by
F. D . Roosevelt 1 7
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
plans of, for urban renewal to
underdeveloped countries 36-7
FEDERAL GRANTS, s ee also
FEDERAL LOANS; FEDERAL
SPENDING; FEDERAL SUBSIDIES
to city governments for cost of
moving persons and businesses
displaced by urban renewal 34
FEDERAL GRANTS -IN -AID
FEDERAL HOUSING AUTHORITY
unconstitutional 25- 6
FEDERAL LOANS, see FEDERAL
GRANTS; FEDERAL SPENDING;
FEDERAL SUBSIDIES
FEDERAL REGISTER
footnoted 24, 40
FEDERAL SPENDING, see also
FEDERAL BUDGET; FEDERAL
GRANTS; FEDERAL SUBSIDIES
AFL-CIO recommends planned
deficit, higher spending, quotes
76- 7
cost of urban renewal projects 35- 6
David E. Bell recommends higher
spending and deficit financing 76
deficits of Roosevelt , 1 933- 1 94 1
65- 6
did not caus e high postwar pros
perity 67- 8
discussion of 1 964 Budget by U. S .
Representative Cannon 70- 2
examples of
9
0
high spending and deficits would
have prevented growth of Germany
76- 7
history of since 1 933 65- 70
Housing Act of 1 961 authorized
$9 billion 36
International Settlements Bank recom
mends higher federal spending and
larger deficits 75- 6
Kennedy misrepres ents reduction of
1 964 non- defens e spending figures
78
Kennedy recommends higher deficits
and spending 75- 6
OECD recommends higher spending
and deficits 76
planned spending for 1 964 fiscal
year , amount 77
FEDERAL SUBSIDIES, see FEDERAL
GRANTS; FEDERAL SPENDING
FEDERAL TAXES
amounts , for 1 963 fiscal year 94
caus e reces sion of 1 9 58 68
corporate taxes , explanation of 83
corporate taxes , Kennedy proposals
on 83
general discussion of 65-96
Mussolini and Hitler had lower
corporate tax rates than U. S. has
83
planned collections for fiscal year
1 964, amount 77
FEED GRAINS, 1 963
article 1 64, 266
FHA, see FEDERAL HOUSING
AUTHORITY
FINALLY
article 1 28
FIREARMS
attempts to restrict 404
FIRST ROLL CALLS, 1 963
article 1 6 1 - 8
Fischer, Ben
tnember , Board of Directors of
ACTION 30
Fisher , O. Clark
on 1 964 budget, quote 79
FISHING BOAT CONSTRUCTION
SUBSIDIES
article 4 1 0
FLIGHT OF GOLD
article 68-70
FLUORIDATION
Drug Industry Act of 1 962 related
to 23
FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
FOOD FOR PEACE, see PUBLIC LAW
480
FOREIGN AID, s ee also ALLIANCE
FOR PROGRESs;FOREIGN AID TO
(SPECIFIC COUNTRY)
arguments for 9 1
article 4 1 1
example o f foolishness 337- 8
expands urban renewal abroad
under Foreign Assistance Act
of 1 9 6 1 3 1
fallacies o f 66- 7
in Latin America 43- 7
promotes s ocialism 373
results of 42- 7 , 334- 5
total amount since World War I 335
U. S . beginnings of 325- 6
us ed t o help communists 32 5 - 6 ,
332 - 6
FOREIGN AID I S KILLING AMERICA
article 329 - 36
FOREIGN AID TO ARGENTINA
amount of, since 1 946 45
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO BOLIVIA
total 1946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO BRAZIL
amount since 1 946 46
how it is used 45- 6
total 1946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO CHILE
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO COLOMBIA
total 1946 - 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO COMMUNIST
COUNTRIES
discus sion 339 -40
FOREIGN AID TO COSTA RICA
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO ECUADOR
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO GUATEMALA
total 1 946 - 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO HAITI
total 1946 - 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO HONDURAS
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO INDIA
U S . contemplates billion- dollar
military aid program to 9 - 1 0
FOREIGN AID TO INDIVIDUAL
NATIONS
list of those which owe most 335- 6
FOREIGN AI D TO INDIVIDUAL
NA TIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS
complete detailed li'sting 332 - 4
FOREIGN AID TO
INTERNA TIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
listed 333
FOREIGN AID TO LAOS
wasted, results in hatred of
America 1 30
FOREIGN AID TO LA TIN AMERICA
total figures , by countries 64
FOREIGN AID TO MEXICO
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO NATIONALIST
CHINA
consists of obsolete military equip
ment 1 4
FOREIGN AID TO NEUTRALIST
NATIONS
amount 1 0 7
FOREIGN AID TO NICARAGUA
total 1946 - 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO PANAMA
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO PARAGUAY
tota1 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO PERU
total 1946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO SAN SALVADOR
total 1946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO UNDERDEVELOPED
COUNTRIES
fallacies of 67
FOREIGN AID TO URUGUAY
total 1946 - 1 962 64
FOREIGN AID TO VENEZ UELA
total 1 946- 1 962 64
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
article by Rostow says U. S. must
help Soviet Union become
"respectabl e" 323
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1 9 6 1
expands urban renewal abroad 3 1
FOREIGN COMPETITION
caused by taxe, on American industry
and foreign aid 66- 7 , 73
caus es reces sion of 1 958 68
FOREIGN POLICY, U. S .
proof of stupidity 4 1
FOREIGN POLICY BRIEFS by State
Department
footnoted 1 36
FORMOSA, see also CIDNA,
NATIONALIST; Chiang Kai- shek
communist Chinese threaten to take
in 1 9 54 1 2
FOR THE RECORD
article 408
FORWARD TO DISASTER
article 74
Foster, William C .
head of Disarmament Agency, quoted
on U. S . plan 1 56
Foster , William Z .
author of Toward Soviet America
25, 32
communist party ( U. S . ) national
chairman 25, 32
demanded a Soviet America similar
to metro. government plans 37
on confiscation of land, quote 233
FOUNDA TIONS
primary sources of income for all
organizations of the Invisible
Government 29
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT, see also
CONSTITUTION, U. S .
article 1 - 8
&a
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
STATES, A STUDY, by Walter E. Long
footnoted 8
FOUR TH ROLL CALLS
article 409 - 1 6
Frankfurter, Felix
quoted on Monroe Case 6
Mallory Case decision of,
discussed 1 98
Frazier 9 E. Franklin
communist fronter used by
Supreme Court as an authority
for school s egregation decision 6
FREE CHINA, see CIDNA,
NATIONALIST
article 9 1 6
FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIALISM
article 22 - 3
FRESNO, CALIFORNIA
Fulbright, J. William, s ee also
FULBRIGHT MEMORANDU
on Congress, Constitution, quotes
228
FULBRIGHT MEMORANDUM
admits people would reject liberal
prO<Oo L\ ~c1c Ôd
G
Gaj ewski , Loren R.
wheat cas e 124
Gannett, Lewis S .
GARFINCKEL, JULIUS,
DEPARTMENT STORE
Garrett, Garet
author of The People' s Pottage,
footnoted 96
Garrett, Henry E.
on negro intelligence, quote 222
Gates , Thomas S .
Relations 1 50
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
GERMAN GENERALS
recommend against centralized
power 3 0 1
GERMANY
deficit spending would have prevented
economic growth 76- 7
rej ects deficit spending 76-7
GESELL REPORT
detailed discus sion of 305- 1 2
House of Repres entatives discussion
of, quotes 307 - 9
outline of provisions 305- 6
passages from 306- 7
quote on using military force to
des egr egate 2 9 1
written by NAACP official
Nathaniel S . Colley 305
GHANA
troops of communist dictator of,
trained by Is rael 98
troops from, in Cuba to invade Haiti,
proof 1 84
GOLD
amount of U. S . gold 3 3 1
'balance of payments ' defined 3 3 1
claims agains t u. S . gold 3 3 1
DillOD quoted OO 341
discussion in relation to foreign aid
329-30
Ei senhower emissaries shame
America by begging foreigners not
to take our gold 74
foreign claims on U. S . gold as of
January, 1 963 70
gold backing of dollar changed by
Roosevelt 68-9
Kennedy administration asks Congress
t o abolish gold requirements 34_0 - 1
loss of, 1 9 58 t o January 1 963 70
loss of, t o foreigners ; explanation
69-70
| csses c1 |. . pC1 1 9 53- 1 962 330- 1
predictions since 1 9 56 proven correct
182
required gold backing for dollar 69
u. S . gold res erve as of January 9,
1 963 70
GOLD RESERVE
article 340 - 1
Goldwater, Barry
actions at 1 960 Republican
Convention 1 90
as possible presidential candidate
3 1 9- 20
discussion of various leftwing state
ments by 1 89- 90
on public power , quote 2 5 1 - 2
says Kennedy administration helps
Soviet Union, quote 326
Goulart, Joao
becomes pro-communist dictator
of Brazil 60
supported by communists in elec
tions 59
works with communists and pro
communists 60
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, s ee
FEDERAL AGENCIES; BUREAUCRACY
GOVERNMENT EXTRAVAGANCE
article 57-8
GOVERNMENT SHOWCASE, THE
article 254- 5
GOVERNMENT SPENDING, see
FEDERAL GRANTS; FEDERAL
SPENDING
Gracey, Richard L.
chart by, on Growth of Communism
3 52
Graham, Philip L.
ACTION 30
member, CFR 30
GREAT BRITAIN
Drug Industry of 23
GREATER BOSTON CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE
GREED AND CYNICISM
article 39
GROWTH OF COMMUNISM, THE
chart by Richard L. Gracey re.
produced 352
LOCDIDC, TC I.
member of Council on Foreign
Relations 1 50
testified in favor of Disarmament
Agency 1 50
GUATEMALA
Guderian, General Heinz
has totalitarian beliefs 301
writes plan for reorganization of
U. S . Armed Forces 30 1 -2
GUDERIAN PLAN
iocOooicr c1 3 O I -Z
Gunther, John
member of CFR and Honorary Chair
man of American Committee on
Africa 1 14
H
HAITI
history of 2 1 3 - 4
U . S . foreign aid to 64
Haley, J . Evetts , Jr.
wheat case 1 24- 6
Haley, James A.
quoted on 1 964 budget proposal 89
Hall, Durward G.
investigation by, of UN Special
Fund 99- 1 00
Hall, Gus
on American politics , Constitution,
quotes 226, 227
HANCOCK, JOHN, MUTUAL LIFE
INSURANCE CO.
HAND FROM WASHNGTON, THE
article 2 7 5- 6
Harrelson, Max
A. P. dispatch by, on U. S . inter
vention in Canadian internal
affairs quoted 41
Harriman, W. Averell
on India - communist China war
quote 9
on why Laos agreement not s ent to
Senate, quote 1 34
pressures right-wing government in
Laos 1 33
says red China will not get Rus s ia' s
help on nuclear bombs 246
says what happens in Laos doesn' t
matter, quote 1 33
Harrington, Reverend Donald
United World Federalist, official of
American Committee on Africa 1 14
Hart, Philip A.
introduces S 792 for Sleeping Bear
Park, quote 235- 6
HAR TFORD NA TIONAL BANK
HARVEST, THE
article 390 - 1
HATERS, THE
article 388 - 9
H. DU B. REPORTS
quoted on Black Muslims and
NAACP 1 74
HEADS HE WINS, TAILS WE LOSE
article 85- 6
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE,
DEPARTMENT OF
administrative laws of, unconstitu
tional 22
given power t o control Drug Industry
1 8- 22
regulations could destroy health food
products 22
Secretary of and agents ' powers under
Drug Industry Act of 1 962 20
HEALTH FOODS
products under unconstitutional
regulations of HEW 22
HECHT DEPARTMENT STORE
HELPING THE "LITTLE" MAN
article 1 23
HENRY J. KAISER CO.
Hensley, Stewart
UPI column footnoted 1 6
Herter, Christian A.
leader in O. A. S . action against
Dominican Republic 50
Relations 1 50
Agency 1 50
HEW, see HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND
WELFARE, DEPARTMENT OF
Hightower, John M.
AP dispatch on pos s ible Kennedy
reprisal against de Gaulle quoted 41
HILTON HOTELS, INC .
HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE
UNITED STATES, COLONIAL TIMES
TO 1 957
footnoted 96, 1 28
HISTORY CONTROL
article 41 2
HISTORY OF THE 14TH
article 2 - 4
Hitler, Adolf
had lower corporate taxes than U. S .
8 3
Hoffman, Paul G.
head of UN Special Fund 98
Relations 97
quoted on SUNFED 97
HOLIDA Y INNS
HOLLAND, s ee NETHERLANDS
Holmes , William A.
Methodist pastor makes false claims
about Dallas school children 389
HONDURAS
HOOVER ADMINISTRA TION
refuses to recognize Soviet Union,
reasons 242
HOPE
article 398-400
HOPE OF THE WORLD, THE
article 393-400
HORROR TO COME, THE
article 1 1 9- 20
HOTEL CORPORATION OF AMERICA
HOUSE REPORT 1 3 1 1 , SPECIAL
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN
ACTIVITIES, 1 944
footnoted 24
HOUSING ACT OF 1 949
basic authority for urban renewal
2 5 - 6
unconstitutional 2 5 - 6
HOUSING ACT OF 1 954
broadens Housing Act of 1 949 2 5
unconstitutional 2 5 - 6
HOUSING ACT OF 1 96 1
authorized $9 billions 36
HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE
AGENCY, FEDERAL
publishes attractive urban renewal
booklet, quoted 3 1 - 2
HOUSTON, TEXAS
only major city without urban
renewal zoning laws 3 1
HOW DID SOCIALISM GROW I N THE
U. S . ?
article 3 6 1 - 8
HOW TO LOSE FRIENDS
article 41 - 8
"HOW TO REVERSE COURT'S
SEGREGA TION DECISION" by David
Lawrence
footnoted 8
HOW URBAN RENEWAL WORKS
article 33- 5
Howley, Frank L.
terror i n Angola described, quote
1 1 6- 7
Hruska, Roman L.
s tatement in favor of test ban treaty,
quote 3 1 7
Hull, Cordell
on negotiations with Soviets on debt s ,
quote 242 - 3
recommends against recognition of
Soviet Union, quote 242
HUMAN EVENTS
footnoted 40, 1 28
Humphrey, Hubert H.
statement in favor of test ban
treaty, quote 3 1 5
HUNGARY
Eisenhower, Kennedy s ell out patriots
and start "normalizing" relations
with 1 8 1
Kennedy administration considering
normal relations with 338
UN vote on condemning USSR for
actions in 1 06
Huss ey, Dr . Hugh H.
says members o f medical and
pharmaceutical professions better
informed than government on drugs
1 9
IDAHO
refused to pass urban renewal laws
3 1
IDLE WIND, THE
article 40 1 - 8
"ILLEGALITY BREEDS ILLEGALITY"
by David Lawrence
footnoted 8
IMPROVING OUR IMAGE
article 238
INCOME TAX
abolition of, need 95- 6
amount, 1 9 63 fis cal year 94
Bill to repeal introduced by Bruce
Alger 96
Dillon recommends veto if Kennedy
reform not entir ely adopted 85
Dillon says Kennedy reform really
an increase 84
Kennedy' s reform proposals 83- 6
must be repealed to stop socialism
24
past point of diminishing returns 74
prediction of abuse by Richard E.
Byrd 273
reduction by Kennedy, purposes 65
repeal will end urban renewal pro
grams 40
INDEPENDENT BAR ASSOCIATION
discus sion 261
INDEPENDENT ELECTORS
article 1 85- 7
INDEPENDENT VOTERS OF THE USA
article , discussion 1 87 - 8
INDIA, s ee also Nehru, Jawaharlal
election of communists in 358
Fund, amount 98
government of, pro-communist 1 0
invasion of, by communist China
discus sed 9 - 1 0
Kennedy administration to build steel
mill 340
United States contemplating billion
dollar military aid program 9 - 1 0
U. S . S . R. lines up with red China
against 9 , 1 0
INDIAN STEEL MILL
article 340
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY
destruction of, under "public need"
c
INDOCHINA, see CAMBODIA, LAOS,
VIETNAM
INDONESIA
pro- communist or outright
communist 42
INFLATION IN THE UNITED STATES by
Paul Bakewell, Jr.
information on 69
I N SEARCH OF SOMETHNG NEW
article 74- 5
INTEGRATION, see also RACE
PROBLEM; SEGREGATION
forced in urban renewal areas by
Kennedy Executive Order 3 5
Lincoln on, quote 2 1 0
INTEGRA TION I N ARMED FORCES,
see GESELL REPORT
INTERCOLLEGIATE SOCIALIST
SOCIETY, see LEAGUE FOR
INDUSTRIALEMOCRAC Y
INTERIM, THE
article 383- 4
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
IRS Commissioner Caplin on
power of agents 1 63
Senate refuses to authorize more
agents for 1 63
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY
AGENCY
development and communist control
of 1 43
INTERNATIONAL CITY MANAGERS '
ASSOCIA TION
with CFR 29
INTERNATIONAL COFFEE AGREEMENT
article 409 - 1 0
Advertising Council part of network
30
article 29 - 3 1
CED influential organization in
network 29- 30
Council on Foreign Relations control
center 29
Foundations primary s ource of in
come for all organizations of 29
IRREPRESSIBLE C ONF LIC T, THE
article 396- 7
ISRAEL
Fund, amount 98
trains armed forces of communist
Ghana 98, 1 09
IT CAN BE STOPPED
article 39-40
J
Jacks on, Henry M.
answers question o f Senator Robertson
on test ban treaty, quote 3 1 7
Jefferson, Thomas
constitutional doctrine, quotes
230
quote on trust in the government
quoted on truth and government
Jenner, William E.
speech footnoted 1 6
Jensen, Ben F.
on TVA 253
JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY
227- 8,
1 69
1 84
urban renewal project in, cost of 3 5
Jes sup, Philip C.
associations with communists 264
nominated to W.orld Court by
Eisenhower 264
INTERNATIONAL CONTROL COMMISSION Jimenez, Marcos Perez
created to supervise truce in
Indochina, composition of 1 3 0
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE,
see WORLD COURT
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
created at Bretton Woods Conference
by communist Harry Dexter White
330
Harry Dexter White first head of 330
purposes of 329- 30
INTERNA TIONAL PEACE CORPS
discussion, creation of 1 64
INTERNA TIONAL TELEPHONE AND
TELEGRAPH CORP.
Brazil s eizes properties of 45
INTERNA TIONALS
history of socialist and communist
Internationals 3 61 - 2
INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT, s ee also
COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
ACTION part of network 30
attacked by Erwin D. Canham
extradition proceedings against
given medal by Eisenhower 88
JOHANNESBURG SUNDAY TIMES
article from, on UN action in
Katanga, quote 42 - 3
Johansen, August E .
press release of, footnoted 80
says 1 964 budget deficit will be
$20 billion 78
Johnson, Andrew
87
53
Amnesty proclamation to people of
Confederacy 2
quote on Reconstruction Act of
1 867 4
vetoed Civil Rights Bill of 1 866 3
Johnson, Hiram
opposed UN charter from death bed
while Senator 1 0 1
Johnson, Lyndon B.
admits U. S . considering turning
over SAC to NA TO 148
calls conservatives ' reactionary,
quote 406
confers with Dubinsky, negro
leadrs 406
inj ects religion into 1960 elections
405
more liberal than Kennedy 405
names commission to investigate
assassination of Kennedy 3 91 - 2
Senate voting record of 405- 6
skillful moderator and compromis er
406
tells B 'nai B' rith 1 956 victory by him
defeat of ' racial hatred' , quote 405
threatens right wingers , quote 1 7 9
threatens t o muzzle critics , quote
406
urges Congress to act in memory
of Kennedy 404
Johnson, Robert L.
Committee on Africa 1 1 4
Johnson, Thomas F.
proposal for rural renewal 3 7 - 8
under indictment for conspiracy and
conflict of interest 37
Joy, Admiral Charles Turner
testimony of, on Korean war 1 1
JUST THE BEGINNING
article 35- 6
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
caus ed by peopl e, not by slums 38
K
KAISER CORPORA TION
troubles of, in Argentina 44- 5
Kai - shek, Chiang, see Chiang Kai -shek
KALAMAZOO, MICIDGAN
Kallett, Arthur
named communist by Special
Committee on Un-American Activities
1 8, 24
KATANGA
United Nations rape of 42 - 3
United States backs UN action in 42
Keenan, Joseph D.
member , Board of Directors of
ACTION 30
KEEP ON KEEPING ON
article 1 84
Kefauver , Estes
Drug Industry investigation by,
slanted 1 8
heads investigation of Drug Industry,
1959 18
ignorant of American busines s 2 1
introduced Drug Industry Bill of 1 961
1 8
KEFAUVER MEDICINE
article 17 - 24
KEFAUVER' S INVESTIGATION
article 1 8
KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION
asks Congress to abolish gold re
quirement 340 - 1
both denies and concedes Nitze
disarmament proposals 1 48
communist party praises , supports
for re- election 225- 6
defies laws of Congress 339 -42
getting ready to "normalize" re
lations with Hungary 1 8 1
helps the Soviet Union 326
legis lation of, delayed in Congress
i n early 1 963 1 6 1 - 2
legislative program stalled 402
makes deal with Soviets on U Thant
and Hungary 1 8 1
offers economic aid t o Soviet Union
279- 80
officials of, who are members of
ADA, listed 366
philosophy of its leaders 401
programs of, in trouble 406- 7
t o build steel mill i n India against
expressed wish of Congress 340
wants to give away Panama Canal
1 73
will not support direct action against
communist China 1 0
KENNEDY AND CUBA
article 245-6
KENNEDY AND THE NUCLEAR BAN
article 244- 5
KENNEDY APPOINTMENTS
article 343
KENNEDY ASSASSINA TION
liberal reaction to 402 - 5
liberals blame all but assas sin 402 - 5
KENNEDY -COCHRANE FARM PLAN
communist-fascist type scheme,
analyzed 1 26
Kennedy, John F.
Alliance for Progress , quote 5 1
appoints George Clifton Edwards
federal judge 343
appoints Moscoso Ambassador to
Venezuela 53
appoints Nitze Secretary of Navy 343
asks for Disarmament Agency 1 50
assassination, details on 377- 92
assassination motives 382 - 3 , 392
civil rights requests of, discussed
2 0 1 - 8
conceals truth about budget deficit
during 1 962 elections 7 5
defies laws on Panama Canal 342
denies federal government had hand
in Bay of Pigs prisoner ransom 23
educated by socialist Harold J. Laski
85
Executive Orders create dictatorial
powers in OEP 1 70- 1
first Defense mes sage of, based on
Rostow memo 149
housing message of 1 96 1 , quoted
35- 6, 37
income tax reduction, quote 65
income tax reform of 83 - 6
launches campaign against Goldwater
3 1 9
makes s ecret ruling that Yugoslavia
is not communist-controlled 340
misrepres ents reducing non-defense
expenditures in 1 964 budget ,
figures 78
on Constitution, quote 229
on importance of Atlantic Alliance ,
quote 41
on importance of International
Monetary Fund, quote 330
on "myth" of balanced budgets ,
quote 7 5 - 6
on 1 964 budget, quotes 77, 78
on relations with Argentina, quote
43
on Soviet military buildup in Cuba 46
on Soviet military in Cuba, quote
245-6
on tax reduction and reforms . quote
78- 9
on test bans , quote 1 5 5
on urban renewal , quote 35- 6
on Washington, D. C . , quote 1 93
plans giveaway of El Chamizal,
Texas , to Mexico 1 72 - 3
praises Betancourt and Venezuela,
quotes 54
praised by Betancourt 54
presidential commission to investi
gate assassination of 39 1 - 2
pretended t o respect balanced
budgets 7 5
propagandizes for unbalanced
budgets 7 5 - 6
propos es mas s immunization pro
gram of 1 962 , quote 22
quoted on sending federal troops to
Alabama 1 72
quoted on thalidomide "di saster " and
need for legislation as result 1 9
quotes of, on corporate taxes 83
recommends formation of
metropolitan government s , quoted
37
scraps Office of Civil and Defense
Mobilization 1 7 0
signed Drug Industry Act of 1962 1 9
State of the Union Message , 1 961 ,
quote 289
trip to Venezuela, description 53-4
urges adoption of Kefauver Drug
Industry Bill of 1 961 1 9
uses AFL-CIO theory of economics
82
violates Pos s e Comitatus Act 341 -2
wants to finish conversion of U. S . to
socialist state 85
KENNEDY PROGRAM, THE
article 326- 7
KENNEDY RECORD, THE
article 1 48 - 5 1
Kennedy, Robert F.
calls Bay of Pigs betrayal "mistake"
by his brother 23
denies federal government had hand in
|x f 1| c= |r oce oxocx Z3
on Constitution 229
promised Drug Industry tax cuts
for contributions to return of Bay
of Pigs prisoners 23
says U. S . communists harmless,
quote 391
KENNEDY'S EXECUTIVE ORDERS
article 1 70- 1
KENNEDY'S TAX PLAN
article 8 1 - 6
KHRUSHCHEV IS WAITING
article 70 - 2
Khrushchev, Nikita
Nehru friend of 9
quoted on disarmament 1 39- 40
King, Martin Luther
demands favoritism for negroes 222
has conference with Johnson 406
has record of pro- communist
activities 207
Kirk, Alexander C .
on Soviet foreign commercial policy,
quote 322
Kloeb, Judge Frank L.
upholds government in wheat cas es
124
Klumpp, Dr. Theodore
opposition to Kefauver Drug Industry
Bill of 1 96 I 1 9
Klutznick, Philip M.
ACTION 30
Kohlberg, Alfred
stati stics on American dead in
Korea footnoted 1 6
KOREA, SOUTH
doubtful asset in any future Asian
military operations 14
KOREAN WAR
American POW ' S still in conununist
jails from 179
armistice terms of, dictated by
communists 1 2
armistice terms proposed by India,
dictated by communists 1 29
communist tactics i n I I
inflated communist China ' s prestige
1 2
number of Americans killed in 1 0 , 1 5,
1 6, 1 29, 1 36
offer of troops by Chiang Kai-shek
refus ed by Truman 1 1
Rhee wanted no American s oldiers ,
only equipment I I
senior military corranders in,
testify that U. S . could have easily
won the war and destroyed com
munis m in A sia I I
U. S . prevents bombings acros s Yalu
River 1 0
worst disaster in U. S . history,
results 1
KOREAN WAR AND RELATED
MATTERS, THE, REPORT
by Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee footnoted 1 6
Krock, Arthur
article on Dillon and deficit
financing footnoted 80
Kubitschek, Juscelino
leftwing socialist President of
Brazil 58
supported by communists in
elections 59
Kuchel, Thomas H.
blasts right-wingers as "extremists ",
etc . , quoted 1 77 - 9
L
LABOR UNION LOGIC
article 8 1 - 2
LABOR UNIONS
Argentine Unions control economy 43
rationale of 43
LAND, see als o ARMED FORCES,
U. S . ; NATIONAL PARKS
federal land confiscation, examples
2 3 5 - 9
history of American public lands
233- 4
Secretary of Interior Udall submits
plan to Congress on federal lands
238- 9
Senator Simpson quoted on confiscation
of 236
LAND RECLAMATION
detrimental effects of 372- 3
Langer, William L.
opposed UN Charter as Senator in
1 945, quote 1 0 1
Lansing, Robert
on communist purpose in Russia,
quote 241
LAOS
American foreign aid wasted,
dishonest 1 30
agreement on not sent to Senate ,
Harriman reasons 1 34
anti -communist Prince Boun Oum
becomes Premier of 1 3 1
communists start attacking 1 30- 1
created by Geneva Conference of
1 9 54 1 30
forced by U. S. to surrender to
communists 1 0
geographical description of 1 30
Fund, amount 98
Harriman pressures right-wing
government in Laos 1 3 3
members , coalition government of
1 33
story of 1 29 - 36
UN Security Council investigation of,
zeO1|1s 1 o ~ L
U. S . accepts proposal of USSR on
U. S . tries to force right -wing
government out 1 32
1 3 1
Lasagna, Louis
former Special Medical Advisor to
communist front Consumers
Union 1 8
maj or witness in Drug Industry
investigation 1 8
member, Advisory Board of
Medical Letter 1 8
Lasker , Meir
blames assassination on others than
assassin, quote 403
Rabbi of Temple Judea Congregation
403
Laski , Harold J .
British socialist leader who taught
Kennedy 85
LATIN AMERICA, s ee also Individual
Nations
agrarian reforms in, under Alliance
for Progress 54- 6
basic problem of 63
communist dictatorships being forced
in, by Alliance for Progress 62
discussion of trip to, by Dan Smoot
43 - 7
foreign aid to, total and by country
64
left-wing politicians in, only recipients
of aid 6 1
nations of demand aid from U. S. 50 - 1
Soviet plans for 350- 1
Lausche , Frank J .
blasts Urban Mass Transportation
Bill 1 62
charges Kennedy administration made
deal with Soviets on U Thant and
Hungary 1 8 1
on 1 964 budget, quote 7 9
reveals National Service Corps formed
without Congres sional approval 341
LAWLESS GOVERNMENT
article 337- 44
"LAWLESSNESS" by David Lawrence
footnoted 8
Lawrence , David
article on delay in budget deficit
report , footnoted 80
editorials and articles by, footnoted
8
LEAGUE FOR INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY
fabian socialist group 362 - 3
George Soule of, not same as Soule
of New Orleans 408
history and influence of 362 - 4
members of , listed 363- 4
Lear , John
demands investigation of Drug Industry,
in Saturday Review 1 8
LEGAL ACTION AGAINST "SLUMS"
article 38- 9
Le, Kong
cc11111S1 seizes power in Laos 1 3 1
LeMay, General Curtis
testimony of, against test ban treaty
and TFX, causes removal 3 1 1
Lenin, Nikolai
on purpos e of treaties , quote 24 1
quoted on disarmament 1 39
LIBERAL INSANITY
article 1 07 - 9
LIBERAL TECHNIQUE, THE
article 3 57 - 8
LIBERALISM
'official liberalism' defined by
Schlesinger 367
techniques and tactics of 357- 60
LIBERALS
attitudes of, toward Constitution
354- 5
blame all but assas sin for Kennedy' s
death 402 - 5
LID
article 362 -4
LIFE
-
a
ticle from by Charles J . Murphy
footnoted 1 6
Lilienthal, David
co-authors report calling for inter
national control of atomic energy
142
Lincoln, Abraham
amnesty proclamation to people of
Confederacy 2
doctrine of indivisibility of Union 2
on integration, quote 2 1 0
quote on re -establishing governments
of Confederate States 2
Lodge , Henry Cabot
Relations 1 50
Agency 1 50
LONDON SUNDA Y TELEGRAPH
on American negroes , quote 222
Long, Russell B.
plan to reconstitute World Court 260 - 1
Loomis , Henry
head of Voice of America, quoted on
VOA broadcast, presuming right
wingers
k
illed President 388-9
LOS ANGELES TIMES, THE
UPI article from, reprinted 1 92
LOUISIANA
Lovestone, Jay
works for communist causes with
American Labor and State
Department 1 80
Lumumba, Patrice
helps Angola communist terrorists
1 1 5
M
3 1
MacArthur , General of the Army Douglas
testimony on Korean War 1 1
MACY'S DEPARTMENT STORE
Malik, Charles H.
on nations voting against U . S . in UN
1 06
says UN Human Rights Commission
leaned toward Soviets , quote 1 03
MALL OR Y CASE
discussion of 1 98
MANPOWER TRAINING
article 41 0
Mansfield, Mike
study of Brazil, quoted 62- 3
Marc us , Stanley
ACTION 30
member of CFR 30
MARRIOTT MOTOR HOTELS
Marshall , George C.
forced Chiang to negotiate with
cOlUI.unists 1 1
recommended complete reorganiza
tion of Armed Forces 300
Marx, Karl
Communist Manifesto, The , by, on
establishment of metro- government
like areas , quoted 37
MASS IMMUNIZA TION
article 22
MATSU AND QUEMOY, see CHINA,
NATIONALIST; FORMOS

McCabe, Judge Francis J .
on caus e of slums , quoted 38
McCarthy, Joseph R.
America' s Retreat from Victory by,
footnoted 16
charged, in 1 953, American POW' s
still i n communist jails ; new evi
dence proves him right 1 79
proven correct 1 79 - 80
speech by, footnoted 1 6
McGehee , Frank
organizer of National Indignation
Convention and Political Coordinating
Committee 1 88- 9
McNAMARA AND KENNEDY
article 303
McNamara, Pat
introduces S 792 for Sleeping Bear
Park, quote 235- 6
McNamara, Robert S .
rule of in Defense Department dis
cuss ed by Hanson Baldwin 297- 8
squeezes out military men who oppose
him U -
McNAMARA' S COMMISSARS
article 305- 1 2
MEDICAL LETTER
Advisory Board member is Dr.
Louis Lasagna, former official
of communist front 1 8
Managing Director i s communist
Arthur Kallett 1 8
recommended by Saturday Review 1 8
MENTAL CONTROL DRUGS
development and pos sible uses of 23
MENTAL FACILITIES ACT
article 266
MENTAL HEALTH FUNDS
article 41 2
METHODIST PREACHERS OF DALLAS
defend Rev. Holmes ' fals e attack on
Dallas school children 389
METHODS ARE NOW THE SAME
article 3 58 - 60
METROPOLIT AN GOVERNMENT
article 37
organizations housed at " 1 3 1 3 "
listed 29
similar to plan for Soviet America
by William Z . Foster 37
through urban renewal establishment
of, fulfills Point 9 of The Communist
Manifesto 37 - 8
urban renewal part of 37
will destroy government and social
organization of America 37
zoning- law problem long studied by
" 1 3 1 3 " organizations 29
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.
MEXICO
government of, expanding ownership
of busines ses 6 1 - 2
MEXICO CITY NEWS, THE
quoted on Ales sandri of Chile 61
MIDDLE CLASS
Kennedy wants to destroy 8 5
MILITARY, THE
article 290 - 1
MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND AID,
FOREIGN AID
MILITARY LAND GRABS
article 236- 7
Miller, Jack
s ee
statement in favor of test ban treaty,
quote 3 1 6
Millis , Walter
on desirability of maintaining Soviet
Rus sia, quote 323
on world government and force, quote
2 3 1
Mitchell, Billy
case of, discus s ed 299- 300
MONEY
article on replacing of silver -backeod
dollars 1 63- 4
MONROE, JAMES, CASE, see SUPREME
NATIONAL DEBT
COUR T DECISIONS - Monroe Case
article 41 2
MORE EQUAL THAN EQUAL
article 2 1 7 - 224
Morris , Robert
quoted on Chiang Kai - shek and com
munist China - Indian conflict 1 3
Morrison, deLes seps
NATIONAL DEBT INCREASE
article 267
NATIONAL DEFENSE, see also
DEFENSE DE PAR TMEN
article 90- 2
cost of 90- 1
General Bradley on cost of, quote 9 1
NEW A TT ACK ON THE CONNALLY
RESERVATION, A
article 257 - 64
NEW DEAL
s ocialists of gain control of Congress
by 1 938 1 7
NEW LONDON (OHIO) RECORD
footnoted 1 28
pro-Kennedy victor i n Louisiana
election 405
how to cut expenditures for 90-2 NEW ORLEANS
Moscoso, Teodoro
appointed Ambassador to Venezuela
by Kennedy 53"
appointed head of Alliance for
Progress 53
intimate friend of Betancourt 52
protege of Rexford Tugwell 52
MOTIVES
article 382 - 3 , 392
MOZAMBIQUE
importance of, in Africa 1 1 9
MR. STEVENSON GOES TO DALLAS
article 345- 9
Multer , Abraham
Mundt, Karl
Bill on Soviet wheat deal defeated
404
MUNICIPAL FINANCE OFFICERS
ASSOCIA TION
with CFR 29
Murphy, Charles J.
article by i n Life , footnoted 1 6
Mussolini , Benito
had lower corporate taxes than U. S .
83
MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE
CO.
Myrdal , Gunnar
Swedish s ocialist used as authority
by Supreme Court for school segre
gation decision 6
N
NA TIONAL ASSOCIA TION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED
PEOPLE
communist DuBois principal founder
of 365
communist - infiltrated 206
founding of 364 - 5
interlocked with CORE, Urban League
207
relationship to Socialist Party 364- 5
works with Black Muslims 1 74- 5
NA TIONAL ASSOCIA TION OF HOUSING
AND REDEVELOPMENT OFFICIALS
part O " 1 3 1 3 Metro" interlocked
with CFR 29
NATIONAL FOUNDATION, THE
Basil O'Connor, President of 92
NA TIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
article "Giant Brazil , " footnoted 64
NATIONAL GYPSUM CO.
NA TIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
proj ects of, examples 90
NATIONAL PARKS
used to confiscate land, examples
23 5 - 6
NA TIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
article 41 2
projects of, examples 9 0
NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS
Adam Clayton Powell gets funds for
34 1
established without congres sional
approval 341
NATIONALIST CHINA, see CHNA,
NATIONALIST
NATO, see NORTH ATLANTIC
TREATY ORGANIZATION
NATO PARLIAMENTARIANS,
CONFERENCE of 1 962
recommendations of, on emergency
planning 1 70 - 1
NAZISM, s ee COMMUNISM;
FASCISM; SOCIALISM
NEGROES, s ee also RACE PROBLEM;
WASHINGTON, D . C .
crime statistics of, in Washington
1 99
Dr . Garrett on intelligence of,
quote 222
illegitimate births in Washington 200
in Australia have not advanced 2 14
intelligence of, lower than of whites
222
King demands favoritism for 222
lack of progress of, in Haiti 2 1 3-4
make up maj ority of population of
Washington, D. C. 1 99
Nehru, Jawaharlal
friend of Khrushchev and admirer of
USSR 9
gets help from United States 9
NETHERLANDS
alienated from U. S . by Indonesia and
New Guinea actions 42
race riots of 1 866 discus s ed 2 1 1 -2
NEW YORK CITY
race riots of 1 863 discussed 2 1 0
urban renewal project in, cost of
3 5
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
footnoted 1 36
NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE CO.
NEW YORK PRAYER CASE, s ee
SUPREME COUR T DECISION
NEW YORK TIMES, THE
article on Turkey' S defeat for UN
Security Council quoted 1 07
article on UN housing plans , quoted
36
footnoted 56, 80, 1 12 , 1 36, 1 52 ,
1 60, 1 92, 224, 247 , 336, 392, 408
NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE, THE
article from, on Dr . Jerome B.
Wiesner , quoted 1 49 - 50
footnoted 56
NEWSLETTER, U. S . REPRESENTATIVE
RICHARD H. POFF
footnoted 64, 368
NICARAGUA
Niebuhr, Reinhold
Niemeyer , Oscar
architect who designed Brasilia,
Brazil 58
Nitze, Paul H.
appointed Secretary of Navy 343
beliefs of 343
member , Council on Foreign Rela
tions 148
speech of, recommending disarma
ment, denied and admitted by
Kennedy administration 1 48
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZA TION
de Gaulle actions may harm 41
NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY, SCC
TEST BAN TREATY
o
O. A. S . , see ORGANIZATION OF
AMERICAN STATES
O' Connor , Basil
on dangers of government - supported
science and research, quote 92- 3
President of The National Founda
tion 92
OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE
MOBILIZATION,

CIVIL DEFENSE
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
discussion of dangers of 1 70- 1
Kennedy Executive Orders giving
dictatorial powers to 1 70- 1
OFFICER TIPPIT
article 384
O'Konski, Alvin E.
"Our Crazy Foreign Giveaway
Program" by, footnoted 64
OLD MAN GRIPPIN
article 348 - 9
ONE GREAT JURIST
article 1 24- 6
ONLY AN EMERGENCY NEEDED
article 1 7 3 - 6
ONL Y LEFTWINGERS
article 6 1 -2
ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 1 5
article 1 1 7 - 8
Oppenheimer, J . Robert
associate of communists 302
recommends stalemate instead of
victory over communists 302
ORGANIZA TION FOR ECONOMIC CO
OPERA TION AND DEVELOPMENT
(OECD)
recommends higher U. S . spending
and deficits 76
ORGANIZA TION OF AMERICAN
STATES
actions against Dominican Republic
50
Bogota Conference of, discussion
50- 1
conferences of, in 1 960 49 - 5 1
refus es to condemn Castro and
Cuba 49 - 5 1
San Jose Conference of, discussion
49- 50
ORIGINS
article 49- 5 1
Oswald, Lee Harvey
assas sin of President Kennedy,
details 377 - 9 1
attended ACLU meeting at SMU 403
communist connections of 380, 385- 8
evidence against 379- 80
killed by Jack Rubenstein 381
visits homes of Dallas liberal
intellectuals 403
Otepka, Otto F.
dis cus s ion of firing of 342 - 3
Oum, Boun
anti - communist Prince of Laos
becomes Premier 1 3 1
OUR CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
article 3 54- 5
OUR SUICIDE STRATEGY
article 1 45- 6
P
PADRE ISLAND
national park used to confiscate land
in Texas 235
PANAMA
PANAMA CANAL
Eisenhower defies laws on 342
Kennedy administration wants to
give away 1 73
Kennedy defies laws on 342
PARABLE, A
article 1 37 - 8
PARAGUAY
Patterson, Frederick D.
member , C FR and American
PEACE CORPS
article 341
established illegally 341
Pearson, Drew
a liar 86
blames defeat of anti -firearms
legislation for Kennedy death,
quote 404
credits Dan Smoot with defeat of
anti -firearms bill , quote 404
defends Betancourt and attacks Dan
Smoot 86- 7
PEIPING, see CHINA, COMMUNIST
PEKING, see CHINA, COMMUNIST
PENNEY, J . C . & CO.
PEOPLE'S POTTAGE, THE, by
Garet Garrett
footnoted 96
PEOPLE 'S WORLD
conununist newspaper , endorses UN,
quote 1 04
Peres s , Irving
Army Major promoted after being
discovered a communist 1 7 9
PERU
anti -communist dictatorship of
scorned by U. S . 43
article 43
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
urban renewal project in, cost of 35
PHOENIX MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE
CO.
PICKETING
poor means of expres sion 349
Pike , Bishop James A.
Vice Chairman of American
PLANNED DICTATORSHIP
article 1 69 - 76
PLANNING THE KILL
article 1 14- 5
POLAND
steel galvanizing plant in, built
with U. S . money 338
POLITICAL ACTION FOR 1 9 64
article 1 85- 92
POLITICAL COORDINATING
COMMITTEE
article on 1 88- 9
"POLITICS NO DOUBT: WHY THE DELAY
ON NOTICE OF BIG BUDGET DEFICIT ? "
by David Lawrence
footnoted 80
POR TLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION
OF CHICAGO
PORTUGAL, see also ANGOLA,
MOZAMBIQU

-
position of , at UN, on Angola 1 1 6
UN General Ass embly condemns , on
Angola 1 1 8
PORTUGUESE-AMERICAN COMMITTEE
ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS
booklet of, on Angola terror quoted
1 1 7 - 8
POSSE COMITATUS ACT
defied by Eisenhower 342
description 342
violated by Kennedy 341 - 2
POST WAR YEARS
article 66- 7
Potofsky, Jacob S .
ACTION 30
Powell , Adam Clayton
claims to have written Kennedy' s
civil rights bill , quote 206
helps form illegal National Service
Corps 341
U. S. Representative who is life
member of NAACP and supports
Black Muslims 1 74-
POWELL' S ILO TRIP
article 268
POWER GRID SCHEME, THE
article 249 - 56
POWER GRID SYSTEM
e xplanation of 249 - 50
"PRELIMINAR Y REPORT ON
INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX RETURNS
FOR 1 9 5
6
"
footnoted 88
"PRESCRIPTION DRUG INDUSTRY
STOR Y" by Baxter Laboratories , Inc .
footnoted 24
PRESERVING THE WILDERNESS
article 238- 9
PRESIDENT JOHNSON
article 40 5- 6
"PRESIDENT' S BUDGET AND
MESSAGE, THE"
speech by U. S . Repres entative
Cannon, footnoted 72
PRIORITIES OF PROGRESS : THE
UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL FUND 1 9 6 1
footnoted 104
PRIVATE EXTRAVAGANCE
article 58- 9
PRIVATE PROPERTY
rights of, denies by Supreme
Court in 1 954 27
seizure of, by state legislatures ,
authorized by Supreme Court 27
seizure of, i n Latin America 44- 6
PROPAGANDA PUSH, THE
article 246
PROPOSAL, A
article 86
PROVIDENCE (R. I. ) JOURNAL
article from quoted 38
Proxmire, William
statement in favor of test ban
treaty, quote 3 1 5- 6
PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE CO. OF
AMERICA
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SERVICE
with CFR 29
PUBLIC HOUSING, see also AREA
REDEVELOPMENT; URBAN RENEWAL
PUBLIC LAND, see LAND
PUBLIC LAW 480
discus s ed 339-40
form of foreign aid 339-40
PUBLIC POWER
cBzOe1s c1 Z
discussion of current plans 249- 56
Goldwater on, quote 2 5 1 -2
Thurmond on, quote 2 52
PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
Supreme Court implies 14th
Amendment has effect on 5
PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS
CO. OF NEWARK
PUGW ASH CONFERENCE
recommends "black boxes ' ! disarma
ment scheme 1 57- 8
PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT OF 1 906
description of 1 7
PURPOSE
article 255- 6
Q
Quadros , Janio
proclaimed Brazil neutralist 60
QUEMOY AND MATSU, see CHINA,
NATIONALIST; FORMOS
R
RACE HATREDS AND STRANGE
MOTIVES
article 1 1 3-4
RACE PROBLEM, s ee also BLACK
MUSLIMS ; CORE; INTEGRATION;
NA TIONAL ASSOCIA TION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED
PEOPLE
British view on, quote 222
communist Cohen on, quote 2 3 1 - 2
communist party program of 1 928 on
2 1 7
discussion of 1 74- 6
federal programs on negro employ
ment 2 1 8 - 9
general discus sion of 1 93- 224
government favoritism in protect
ing negroes 2 1 9 - 2 1
history o f 209 - 2 1 6
race riote of 1 8 6 3 in New York City
2 1 0
race riots of 1 866 i n New Orleans
discussed 2 1 1 - 2
Radford, Admiral Arthur W.
recommends us e of ' super weapons '
303
" RADICAL RIGHT IN AMERICA TODAY,
THE"
memorandum by Walter Reuther ,
discussion 290- 1
REA, s ee RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
ADMINISTRA TION
READER' S DIGEST, THE
article from by Dr. Max Yergan
quoted 1 09- 1 0
REBSAMEN, RAYMOUD, OF LITTLE
ROCK
RECESSION OF 1 9 58
caused by high taxes and foreign
competition 68
RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1 867
abolished governments of 10 former
Confederate States 3
President A. Johnson quoted on 4
Supreme Court refus es to give
relief from 3
unconstitutional 3
RECOUPING REFORMS, THE
article 83 - 5
RED CHINA, see CHINA, COMMUNIST
"RED CHINA SAID TO FEAR INVASION,
REVOLT"
arti:le footnoted 1 6
Reed, Walter
head of Independent Voters of the
USA 1 87- 8
REORGANIZA TION PLANS
article 2 68
REORGANIZING FOR STALEMATE
article 297- 304
REPEAL THE TAX AND STOP THE
PLUNDER
article 89- 96
REPORTER, THE
article from by Adolf A. Berle
quoted 1 84
REPOR TS ON DISARMAMENT
article 1 9 1 - 2
REPUBLIC STEEL CORP .
RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS, see
CONGRESS, U. S . , BILLS AND
RESOLUTIONS
REUTHER MEMORANDUM
discus sion of, quotes 290 - 1
recommendations of 403
Reuther , Walter, see also
REUTHER MEMORANDUM
ACTION 30
REVOLUTIONARY PURPOSE
article 5 1 - 2
REYNOLDS ALUMINUM
Rhee , Syngman
story about, by General Van Fleet ,
on wanting no American soldiers ,
only equipment 1
RIGHT WING
attack on, by Kuchel , others ,
discus sed 1 7 7 - 84
examples of truths told by 1 79 - 84
ROAD AHEAD, THE
article 406- 8
Roberto, Holden
biographical information 1 1 5
communist in Angola, activities of
1 14- 9
flown to Belgrade Conference in UN
plane 1 1 9
nnes sage of starting terror in
Angola quoted 1 1 5
visits U. S . 1 1 9
Roberts on, A. Willis
questions Senator Jackson on test ban
treaty, quote 3 1 6 - 7
Rockefeller, Nelson A .
report of used by Eisenhower to
reorganize Arnned Forces 302
Ronnulo, Carlos P.
s ays underdeveloped nations losing
respect for U. S . 1 06
ROOSEVELT ADMINISTRATION
attitude of, toward connnnunisnn 353- 4
connnnunists i n Dept . of Agriculture
initiate progranns 1 2 3
deficit financing of 1 9 3 3 - 1 94 1 65- 6
Rubenstein, Jack
kills Lee H. Oswald 381
Runnl, Beardsley
devised withholding tax 274
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
ADMINISTRATION
discus sion of 255
RURAL RENEWAL
proposal by fornner Congressnnan
Thonnas F. Johnson 37- 8
Rusk, Dean
fires Otepka, discus sion
on test ban treaty, quote
S
342 - 3
246
SACRAMENTO (CALIFORNIA) BEE
calls conservatives fascists "" 3
SAFEWAY STORES, INC .
Roos evelt , Eleanor
U. S . representative to UN Connnnis sion
on Hunnan Rights 1 02
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
Roosevelt , Franklin D.
Executive Order of gives President
dictatorial powers in an "emergency '
1 7 1
quoted on deficit financing 6 5
saved the Soviet Union fronn collapse
32 1 - 2 , 323-4
signed unconstitutional Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosnnetics Act of 1 938 1 7
talk with Stalin o n TVA, quoted 2 5 5,
375
Roos evelt, Theodore
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1 906
signed by 1 7
ROOSEVELT - TRUMAN -EISENHOWER
NEGOTIA TIONS
article 242 -4
ROOSEVEL T YEARS
article 65- 66
Rostow, Walt Whitnnan
nnennber , Council on Foreign
Relations 148
need to nnake Soviet Union
"respectable " 323
on need for world governnnent, quote
2 3 1
ROTARIAN, THE
footnoted 1 04
Roudebush, Richard L.
report of shows Kennedy nnisrepre
sented about reducing non-defens e
expenditures in 1 964 78
ROUSE, JAMES W. & CO.
Rous selot , John
description of Latin Annerican
agrarian refornn 54- 5
QDO\tO OD Kennedy' s LI11 LO
Venezuela 53- 4
research by, on Betancourt 52
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA
SAN FRANCISCO CALL- BULLETIN
article in footnoted 8
SAN LUIS OBISPO, CALIFORNIA
SAN SALVADOR
SAO PAULO, BRAZIL
description and discussion of 58-9
SA TURDA Y EVENING POST, THE
article fronn, by Baldwin, quoted
297- 8
article fronn, by General White,
quoted 298- 9
SA TURDA Y REVIEW
dennands Drug Industry investigation
1 8
reconnnnends Medical Letter whose
Managing Director is a communist
1 8
Schlesinger, Arthur M. , Jr.
article by on future of s ocialism,
quoted 367- 8
defines ' official liberalisnn, ' quote
367
nnennber of CFR and Annerican
Connnnittee on Africa 1 14
Schollij , E. M.
interview with, on UN action in
Katanga 42 - 3
SCHOOLS , see EDUCATION; PUBLIC
SCHOOLS
SCIENCE
federal agenCies financing, controlling
60% of 92
federal agencies involved in 92
SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT; THE
PERILOUS PARTNERSHIP
by Basil O' Connor , quoted 92 - 3
SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
article 92-4
"SCIENTIST FINDS DRUG TO ALTER
SUBSTANCES CONTROLLING
EMOTIONS; SWEDE SUGGESTS
CHEMICAL COULD BE USED IN
MENTAL ILLNESS OR TO CONTROL
MINDS OF MEN, " article in
WALL STREET JOURNAL
footnoted 24
Scott, Hugh
on 1 964 budget, quote 79
statennent in favor of test ban
treaty, quote 3 1 5
SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO.
SEATO
creation and connposition of 1 30
SECOND ROLL CALLS, 1 963
article 265- 72
SEEDS OF DESTRUCTION by John M.
Blair
clainns private capitalisnn doonned
1 8
SEGREGATION I N PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
see SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
SEGREGA TION IN THE PUBLIC
SCHOOLS : OPINION OF THE
SUPREME COURT OF THE
UNITED STATES
footnoted 8
SENATE INTERNAL SECURITY
SUBCOMMITTEE
on Soviet Treaty record, quote 243
SENATOR LONG' S SCHEME
article 260- 1
Seward, William H.
forced t o proclainn 1 4th Annendnnent
adopted 4
SHERA TON CORP. OF AMERICA
SHREVEPORT JOURNAL, THE
footnoted 80, 1 36, 1 76
SHREVEPORT TIMES, THE
footnoted 1 36
on Louisiana elections , quote 405
SHIFT IN THE BALANCE OF POWER
article 1 0 5- 7
Shipstead, Henrik
opposed adoption of UN charter when
Senator 1 0 1
SILLY AND THE SINISTER, THE
article 261 - 3
SILVER LEGISLATION
article 1 63-4, 266
Simpson, Milward
comments on federal land grabs ,
quotes 236
Singer, Hans W.
founder of SUNFED idea, quote 97
SINISTER PARALLELS
article 1 0 - 1 1
SLEEPING BEAR DUNES NATIONAL
PARK
opposition to, quotes 236
used t o confiscate land in
Michigan 235- 6
SLUMS
caus ed by people 38
examples of constitutional actions
against 39
Smoot , Dan
Latin American trip by, discus sion
43- 7
Pears on attacks for stand against
anti -firearms bill 404
program investigated by California
Legi slature , results 292
trip to Brazil, discus sion . 57- 6 1
Smoot , Mabeth E .
article by, > ! Congressional Fund> !
46-7
SMU, see SOUTHERN METHODIST
UNIVERSITY
Snyder , M. G.
quoted on cutting 1 964 budget 90
SOCIAL SECURITY
is bankrupt, proof 1 80- 1
SOCIALISM, see also AMERICAN CIVIL
LIBERTIES UNION; AMERICANS FOR
DEMOCRATIC ACTION; COMMUNISM;
FASCISM; LEAGUE FOR INDUSTRIAL
DEMOCRACY; NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
C OLORED PEOPLE
advancement of, in America, dis
cus sion 369- 75
contrasted with freedom 22- 3
fundamentally atheistic 396- 7
Kennedy desires t o complete con-
version of America into socialist
state 85
same as corIlunisr and fascism
83, 355- 60
Schlesinger quoted on future of
367 - 8
SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM
similarity of 365- 6
SOCIALIST PARTY
background and growth of 3 6 1 - 2
Fabian Society of England, discussion
362
SOCIALIZED MEDICINE, see al so DRUG
INDUSTRY ACT OF 1 962; DRUG
INDUSTRY BILL OF 1 9 6 1 ; KEFAUVER
MEDICINE
effects of, in Soviet Union and Great
Britain 23
mas s immunization program of 1 962
unconstitutional 22
mass immunization program propos ed
by Kennedy and pas sed by Congress
i n 1 962 22
SOCIALIZED POWER, see PUBLIC
POWER
SOCIALIZING AMERICA
article 369 - 76
SOCIALIZING THE GOSPEL
article 397 - 8
SOLEDAD, CALIFORNIA
Solod, Daniel Semenovich
Soviet official involved in sub
version of Africa 1 1 4- 5
Soule , George
of New Orleans not member of LID
408
SOUTH AFRICA, REPUBLIC OF
U. S . consistently votes against, in
UN 1 07
will fall to communists if Angola falls
1 1 9- 20
SOUTH CAROLINA
refused to pas s urban renewal laws
3 1
SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY
chaplain blames assassination on
'radical right , ' quote 402 - 3
Oswald attends ACLU meeting at
403
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE
CO.
SOVIET PLANS I N LA TIN AMERICA
article by Constantine Brown 3 50 - 1
SOVIET TREATY RECORD
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee
on, quote 243
SOVIET UNION, see UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
Sparkman, John J .
announces plans of federal govern
ment for assisting underdeveloped
countries with urban renewal 3 6 - 7
Stanton, Edwin F.
STATE DEPARTMENT PRESS
RELEASE No. 9 ( 1 9 6 1 )
footnoted 1 3 6
RELEASE No. 59 ( 1 963)
footnoted 48
RELEASE No. 679 ( 1 962)
footnoted 1 6
STATE DEPARTMENT PUBLICATION
No . 572 ( 1 9 6 1 )
footnoted 56
STATE DEPARTMENT, U. S .
forced Chiang Kai - shek off
continent of Asia 1 1
intervenes in internal affairs of
Canada 4 1 , 48
Otepka case in, discus sed 342 - 3
prepared t o furnish assistance to
India, quote 1 0
primarily responsible for making
Cuba an enemy 42
requests U. S . busines ses to sell
communist goods 326
STATE URBAN RENEWAL LAWS
article 27
STATISTICS
article 64
STENNIS COMMITTEE
recommends against test ban treaty
3 1 3- 4
Stevens , Thaddeus
wanted to treat Confederacy as
conquered provinces 2
Stevens on, Adlai E .
defends Angola rebels ' terror 1 1 7
speech of, in Dallas, and incident
after 347 - 9
Stevenson, WilliaIl E.
STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA
Stone, Kathryn H.
ACTION 30
STOP WITHHOLDING
article 273 - 2 80
STORM THE SENATE TO REJECT THE
SPECIFIC THINGS THAT YOU CAN DO
TREATY
article about wheat referendum 1 2 7 - 8 article 246
SPLUNGE BIRD REFUGE STORY OF LAOS, THE
used to confiscate land in Indiana 235 article 1 29- 36
Stalin, Josef
communist diplomacy, quote 241
STRANGER IN THEIR MIDST, A
article 385- 92
STRA TEGIC AIR COMMAND
Lyndon Johns on admits U. S .
considering turning it over to
NATO 148
Stratemeyer, Lt . General George E.
testimony of, on Korean War 1 1
STRETCHING THE AMENDMENT
article 4- 5
Sukarno
a communist 1 08
Sumner, Charles
wanted to treat Confederacy as
conquered provinces 2
SUNFED, see also UNITED NATIONS
SPECIAL FUN
description of 97
forerunner of United Nations
Special Fund 97
Paul G. Hoffman on, quote 97
SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS
article 268
SUPPLY-MANAGEMENT
article 1 26
SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
decision in 1 87 3 on intentions of
1 4th Amendment 4
Mallory Case decision discussed
1 98
Monroe Case dissension written
by Frankfurter, quoted 6
Monroe Case gives individuals
right to bypass state laws and
state courts 6
New York School Prayer Case
decision reversed meaning of
1st Amendment 7
school segregation decision quoted,
discuss ed 5- 6
s chool s egregation decision used
as precedent for many other
illegal decisions 6
s chool s egregation decision used
communist fronters and Swedish
s ocialist as authorities 6
Tennes s ee Election Case (Baker
versus Carr) makes state govern
ments branches of federal
government 6- 7
urban renewal i n 1 9 54 27, 3 5
SUPREME COURT, U. S .
changes meaning of Constitution 6
Congress can limit under
Constitution 7
gives state legislatures right to
seize private property 27
private property rights severely
limited by 27
school s egregation decision of,
authorities 6
Warren leadership results in re
defining 1 4th Amendment 5
Sylvester, Arthur
admits that government manages
news 1 72
TAX CUT
article 41 2
T
TAX REDUCTIONS
article 94- 5
TAXES, see also FEDERAL TAXES;
INCOME TAX; WITHHOLDING TAX
adverse effects of 369- 70
Teller , Edward
testifies against test ban treaty,
quote 3 14
TEMPLE JUDEA CONGREGATION
Rabbi of blames assassination on
other than assas sin, quote 403
TENNESSEE ELECTION CASE, see
SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
communists favor , quote 255
damage caused by 2 52- 3 , 2 54- 5
fallacy of 2 52- 4
Roos eve1t-Stalin conversation on,
quote 255, 375
TEST BAN: AN AMERICAN STRATEGY
OF GRADUAL SELF-MUTILATION,
THE, by Stefan T . Pos sony
--otnoted 144, 1 52, 1 60
quoted 145
TEST BAN TREATY, s ee also
=~
DISARMAMENT
background of Soviet-U. S . negotiations
on 243-7
chronology prior to confirmation
3 1 3- 4
complete text 247 - 8
Goldwater speech against, quote
3 1 7 - 9
Rusk quoted o n 246
Senate debates on ratification,
quotes 3 1 5- 9
Stennis Committee Report against
3 1 3 - 4
Teller testifies against, quote 3 14
"TEXT OF THE DECLARATION OF
BELGRADE"
footnoted 1 20
THALIDOMIDE
publicity over effects of used as
propaganda for passage of Drug
Industry Act of 1 962 1 9
"THERE I S NO ' FOURTEENTH AMEND
MENT ' ! ", by David Lawrence
footnoted 8
THEY KNOW WHAT THEY ARE DOING
article 62 - 3
nITRD ROLL CALLS, 1 963
article 28 1 - 8
"TillRTEEN- THIRTEEN" ( 1 3 1 3) , see
METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
THIS CHANGING WORLD: FOR
COMMANDERS : ARMED FORCES
INFORMA TION AND EDUCA TION ,
Vol. 1 , No. 8
footnoted 64
THOSE WHO OWE US MOST
article 335- 6
Thurmond, Strom
best cons ervative in the Senate 1 90- 1
on public power, quote 2 52
TIME, INC .
-pports urban renewal 3 1
TIME IS NOW, THE
article 1 4- 1 6
Tippit, J . D.
funds for family of, contributions
384
killed by President ' s assassin 379,
384
TOTAL EXPENDITURE REDUCTIONS
article 94
TOWARD SOVIET AMERICA
article 3 1 - 2
TOWARD SOVIET AMERICA, by William
Z . Foster
quoted on public housing and urban
renewal 2 5
Tower, John G.
quoted on Afro-Asian bloc i n UN 1 09
TRADE EXPANSION ACT
predictions of, proven 1 83- 4
TRADE WITH COMMUNIST NATIONS
detailed dis cus sion 32 1 - 8
history of 323 - 6
TRADING WITH THE ENEMY
article 32 1 - 8
TRAGEDY OF U. S . MEMBERSHP IN
THE UNITED NA TIONS, THE
article 1 05- 1 2
TRAGIC STORY, THE
article 1 1 - 1 2
TRAVELERS INSURANCE COS .
support urban renewal 3 1
TRICKLE UP THEORY, THE
article 82
Truman, Harry S .
earnings from books by, not taxed
as income 27 5 - 6
Executive Orders of amended by
Kennedy 1 70
orders 7th Fleet to keep Chiang
Kai - shek from invading communist
China 1 1
refus ed Chiang Kai - shek' s offer of
troops during Korean War 1 1
"TRUTH ABOUT DRUG PRICES, THE"
article in U. S . News 8 World Report ,
quote 20
TRUTH WILL OUT
article 1 77 - 84
Tugwell, Rexford Guy
Roosevelt "Braintruster " who taught
Teodoro Moscoso 52
TULANE LAW REVIEW
footnoted 8
TULSA TRIBUNE
quoted on Representative Johnson' s
plan for rural renewal 38
TURKEY
not elected to UN Security Coucil
in 1 9 59 1 06- 7
TURNER CONSTRUCTION CO. OF
NEW YORK
TVA, see TENNESSEE VALLEY
AUTHORITY
U
Udall, Stewart L.
on learning from Soviets , quote 249
submits plan to Congress on federal
lands 238- 9
UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
U. S . plans for assisting, with
urban renewal 36- 7
UNESCO
publishes communist propaganda
booklet about race relations in the
USSR, quotes 1 00
succeeds in removing patriotism
from American textbooks 1 80
U. S. pays 32 . 0200 of cost of 1 00
UNESCO'S SOVIET PROPAGANDA
article 1 00
UN FRIENDSHIP FOR THE BUTCHERS
article 1 1 9
UN GUNS AND CANNIBAL SPEARS
article 1 1 8- 9
UN "IDEAL"
article 1 02- 4
UNION OF PEOPLES OF ANGOLA
communist terrorist organization
1 1 5
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, see
SOUTH AFRICA, REPUBLIC OF
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS, see also Khrushchev,
Nikita
Constitution of, compared with UN
Declaration of Human Rights 1 03
Drug Industry of 23
foreign commercial policy of 322
government of, same ideal as that
of UN 1 03-4
lines up with COIlunist China against
India 9, 1 0
military buildup by, i n Cuba 46- 7
needs U. S . wheat 322 - 3
Nehru an admirer of 9
purpose of attacks by on UN explained
1 1 9
purpos e of communists in 241
saved by Roosevelt froI invasion
by Japan 32 1 - 2 , 323
split with cOInIunist China fal se
1 4
treaty record of
U. S . assistance to
140
323- 6
U. S. attitude toward colonialisI of,
in Africa 1 14
U. S. offers econoInic aid to 279-80
Wilson and Hoover adtninistrations
refuse to recognize , reasons 241 -2
urban renewal and housing plans of
36
U. S . cost of participation i n 1 05- 6
U. S. should withdraw from 104
vote on Hungarian Revolt resolution
1 06
voting and power blocs , cOIplete
listing 1 08
UNITED NATIONS CHARTER
adoption of, opposition to, in 1945,
quotes 1 0 1 - 2
UNITED NATIONS C OMMISSION ON
HUMAN RIGHTS
Malik says it responded to the
Soviets , quote 1 03
UNITED KINGDOM, s ee GREAT BRITAIN UNITED NATIONS DECLARATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS
UNITED NATIONS
actions by, in the Congo 42 - 3
actions of, in Africa 1 09- 1 0 , 1 1 3- 20
admits lying about operations in
Congo, quote 1 0 1
armies of COInIit atrocities in South
Kasai, Congo 1 0 1
article 97 - 1 04
attacks on by USSR explained 1 1 9
balance of power in shifts to Afro-
Asian bloc during Eis enhower
administration 1 06
bills to get U. S . out of, introduced
by Alger and Utt 1 20
cOInmunist advances since founding
of 1 02
cOImunist People ' s World endorses ,
quote 1 04
complete membership list and date
of entry 1 08
cost of t o United States, percentage
36
dangers of to the U. S . 1 0 1 -2
delegates to from cOInmunist countries
act as agents , iInmune from U. S. law
1 02
General AsseInbly adopts condeInation
of Portugal 1 1 8
gi ves U. S. tax money t o Cuba,
amounts 98- 9
Malik says nations against U. S .
increasing in UN 1 0 6
peace record of 1 02
plane of used by Roberto to fly to
Belgrade 1 1 9
promotes race wars and hatreds in
Africa 1 09- 1 0 , 1 1 3- 20
record of 346
same ideal of government as USSR
1 03- 4
Security Council actions on Angola
1 1 6
Security Council, composition of
1 06- 7
Security Council investigation of
Laos, results 1 30- 1
socialist international conspiracy to
produce socialist one -world 1 02
Soviet secret police with UN creden
tials beat and kidnap Russians in
AInerica 1 02
supports communist race hatred in
Africa 1 1 3-4
troops of i n Congo give guns to
Angola terrorists 1 1 8
provisions of cOIpared with USSR
Constitution 1 0 3
UNITED NATIONS FISH STORY
article 99- 1 00
UNITED NATIONS IN AFRICA
article 1 1 3- 20
UNITED NA TIONS RELIEF AND
REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION,
s ee UNRRA
UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL FUND
gives U. S . money to comIunists
98- 9
history of 97- 9
HoffInan, Paul G. , head of 98
outgrowth of SUNFED idea 97
project of in U. S . , confusion 99- 1 00
projects of 98- 1 00
purposes and workings of 97- 8
statistics on gifts to nations 98-9
U. S . pays 40% of 98
UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
Column by Stewart Hensley
footnoted 1 6
dispatch of, about Congo, quoted 1 0 1
UNITED STATES
accepts USSR proposal on Laos 1 3 1
attitude of toward Soviet colonialisIn
in Africa 1 14
backs UN Congo action 42
bills to get U. S. out of UN introduced
by Alger and Utt 1 2 0
consistently votes against South
Africa in UN 1 07
contemplates billion- dollar military
aid program to India 9 - 1 0
cost of UN to, percentage 3 6
forced Laos t o surrender to
communists 1 0
foreign aid and policy of turns
friends to hatred of 42 - 7
government of prevents bombings
across Ya1u River during Korean
war 1 0
government of will not perInit Chiang
Kai- shek to invade communist
China 1 0- 1 1
IOzecz v<x vct O1et< cI,
results 1 02
promotes communist race hatred
in Africa with UN 1 1 3- 4
reasons for supporting race hatred
in Africa 1 1 3- 4
should withdraw from UN 1 04
tries to force right-wing govern-
ment out in Laos 1 32
UN LIES ABOUT THE CONGO
article 1 00- 1
UN PEACE REC ORD
article 1 02
UN RACISM
article 1 09- 1 0
UNRRA
discus sion of 325
helps Tito destroy anti-communists
325
UNSF
article 97 - 99
UN SUPPORTS THE COMMUNISTS
article 1 1 5- 6
URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION
article on legis lation for 1 62
URBAN RENEWAL, see also AREA
REDEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC HOUSING
ACTION is propaganda agency to
s ell citizens on 30
Advertising Council sponsors free
radio and TV announcements
promoting work of AC TION 30
arm of metropolitan government 37
brief description of us e of taxes for
28
busines s organizations supporting,
list 3 0 - 1
comprehensive discussion and
analysis 2 5-40
cost of to taxpayers 35- 6
developers of must comply with "no
racial discrimination" order of
Kennedy 3 5
expanded abroad by Foreign As sist
ance Act of 1 961 3 1
federal controls on 34- 5
Federal District Court ruling on, in
1 954 in Washington, D. C . , quoted
26- 7
federal grants t o city governments to
pay cost of moving businesses and
people displaced by urban renewal
34
federal plans for as sisting under
developed countries i n 36- 7
Housing Act of 1 949 basic authority
for 2 5 - 6
Housing Act of 1 961 authorized $9
billion 36
Houston, Texas only major city with-
out zoning laws for 3 1
how it works , description 33- 5
how to stop it 39-40
in Washington, D. C . 2 6 - 7
Kennedy, John F. on, quote 3 5 - 6
list of communities where i t was
stopped 39- 40
officials of now admit it doesn' t
solve slum problem 1 82- 3
promoted by CED 29- 30
sold t o American people by Invisible
Government and its agencies 29- 3 1
states without urban renewal laws
listed 3 1
Supreme Court says state legislatures
may s eize private property under 27
Supreme Court upholds i n 1 954 27
United Nations plans for 36
Workable Program defined 34
URBAN RENEWAL AND A SOVIET
AMERICA - PART I
article 25- 32
URBAN RENEWAL AND A SOVIET
AMERICA - PAR T II
article 33 -40
URBAN RENEWAL FOR THE WORLD
article 36-7
URBAN RENEWAL LAND DEALS
article 3 5
URUGUAY
U. S . A.
-- not e d 24
U . S. AID OPERA TIONS IN LAOS by
House Government Operations Committee
footnoted 1 36
U. S . NEWS & WORLD REPORT
article "The Truth About Drug
Prices " quoted 20
article "u. S . Betting on Mexico *
But There ' s Trouble Ahead",
quoted 61 , 62
article "With Mao Attacking India -
Time to Unleash Chiang ? " 1 3
editorials from footnoted 8
election of communists in India,
quote 358
footnoted 1 6, 24, 88, 1 1 2 , 1 36, 144,
200, 208, 224, 248, 256, 3 12 , 328,
360, 376
on problems of Soviet Union, quote
322
U. S . PARTICIPATION IN THE UN:
REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT TO
THE CONGRESS FOR THE YEAR 1 96 1
footnoted 1 20
UTAH
refused to pas s urban renewal laws
3 1
U Thant
made UN head by deal between
Soviets and U. S . 1 8 1
Utley, Freda
The China Story by, footnoted 1 6
Utt, James B.
introduces Bill t o get U. S. out of
UN 1 04, 1 2 0
v
Van Fleet , General James A.
tells story about Syngman Rhee 1 1
testimony of on Korean war 1 1
Vargas , Getulio
fascist dictator of Brazil 59
VENEZ UELA, see also Betancourt ,
m=
Romulo
economic condition of 53, 54- 5
showpiece of Alliance for Progress
53
VETERANS
article 92
VETERANS BENEFITS
discus sion of 92
VIETNAM
communists from reinforce rebels
in Laos 1 30 - 1
divided into neutralist and cOTmunist
parts by 1 954 Geneva Conference
1 30
VOICE OF AMERICA
head of quoted on broadcast blaming
rightwing for President ' s
assassination 388-9
implies President killed by right
wing extremists 388
W
Waggonner , Joe D. , Jr.
outlines Gesell Report, quote 305- 6
Walker, Edwin A.
jailed without due process 342
Wallace, Henry
communists in his Dept . of
Agriculture initiate farm programs
1 23
WALL STREET JOURNAL
article from footnoted 24
WANDERER, THE
column by Dr . Robert Morris on
Chiang Kai - shek and communist
China - Indian conflict, quote 1 3
WAR BETWEEN THE STATES
discussion of 2 09- 1 2
Lincoln' s reason for 2
WAR FOR SOUTHERN INDEPENDENCE,
see WAR BETWEEN THE STATES
Warren, Earl
communists recommend to be head of
commis sion to investigate Kennedy' s
death 391
named by President Johnson t o head
commission investigating Kennedy's
death 3 91
reactions of to Kennedy's
assassination, quote 382
school segregation decision of quoted
5
under leadership of, Supreme Court
re- defines meaning of 14th Amend
ment 5
WASHINGTON, D. C .
crime in, examples 1 98- 200
integration of schools in, testimony
quoted 1 93- 8
integration problems of 1 93 - 200
stadium race riot of 1 962 discuss ed
1 98- 9
urban renewal in 26- 7
WASHNGTON: THE MODEL CITY
article 1 93- 200
WASHNGTON POST
article on U. S . accepting USSR ideas
on Laos , quoted 1 3 1
WATER MOCCASIN
story of Army maneuver 1 1 0 - 2
WATER MOCCASIN BITES, THE
article from. The Richmond News
Leader 1 1 0 - 2
WATER POLLUTION AGENCY
article 41 0 - 1
WAY OUT, THE
article 256
Weaver , Robert C .
comm.unist front record of caused
challenge to his appointment as
Housing Administrator 30
ACTION 30
Webster , Daniel
on destruction of the Constitution,
quote 225
W edem.eyer, General Albert C .
Wedemeyer Reports ! by, footnoted
16
WEDEMEYER REPORTS ! by General
Albert C . Wedemeyer
footnoted 1 6
WE ENFORCE PEACE ON COMMUNIST
TERMS
article 1 3 1 - 4
W einber g, Sidney
ACTION 30
member of Busines s Council 30
WELFARE
argUlnents used by prorters of
2 7 - 8
Welles , Gideon
discussion of New Orleans race riots
of 1 866, quote 2 1 2
WESTERN BLOC NATIONS
discussion of 1 08
Westland, Jack
WE TOLD YOU SO
article 1 79- 84
WHA T CAN BE DONE
article , about FCC 'Fairnes s
Doctrine' 295- 6
WHAT CAN I DO?
article , about repeal of Incom.e Tax
96
WHAT CAN WE DO
article , about Supreme Court and
14th Amendment 7- 8
WHAT I S LAOS ?
article 1 30
WHA T OUR AID HAS DONE
article 334- 5
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
article , about Alliance for
Progress 63-4
article , about federal land grabs
239-40
article , about public lands 239 -40
WHAT SHOULD WE DO?
article, about foreign aid and
policy 47
WHA T SHOULD WE DO NOW?
article about Laos 1 3 5
WHAT TO DO
article , about civil rights bill 208
article, about conservative Senators
and Repres entatives 164
article, about Disarmament Agency
1 59 - 60
article , about federal controls of
food, drugs , and cosmetics 24
articl e, about foreign aid 336
article , about Gesell Report 3 1 2
article , about Kennedy appoint -
ments 343-4
article , about Kennedy' S Executive
Orders 1 76
article , about race problem 223- 4
article, about UN 1 04, 1 1 0, 1 20
article, about withholding tax 278- 9
article , about World Court 264
WHEAT DEAL WITH COMMUNISTS
discussion of 322 - 3
WHEAT PROBLEM, see FARM
PROBLEM - - WHEA.
WHEA T REFERENDUM
Agriculture Department defies
Hatch Act in 342
WHEAT REFERENDUM, 1 963
article 1 2 1 - 8
WHERE YOUR TAX MONEY WILL GO
article by Kingsbury Smith 279- 80
"WHICH ' CONSTITUTION' ? " by David
Lawrence
footnoted 8
WHISTLING PAST THE GRAVEYARD
OF EXPERIENCE
article 3 1 3 - 20
White , General Thomas D.
article by, on McNamara' s Defens e
Department quoted 2 98-9
White, Harry Dexter
communist 330
importance of 329 - 30
member of CFR 330
Wiesner , Jerome B.
biographical information 1 49- 50
Relations 149
WILDERNESS BILL
article on 1 62
Williams , John J .
on 1 9 64 budget, quote 79
WILSON ADMINISTRA TION
individuals in supported ACLU 364
refuses to recognize Soviet Union
2 41 - 2
WITHHOLDING TAX
adoption of 274- 5
Bill introduced in 1 962 to eliminate,
by Bruce Alger 24
history of 274- 5
plans and organizations opposed to
276- 8
"WITH MAO ATTACKING INDIA-
TIME T O UNLEASH CHANG? "
article from U. S . News & World
Report 1 3
WOODWARD & LATHROP DEPARTMENT
STORE
WORKABLE PROGRAM, s ee also
..
URBAN RENEWAL
definition of 34
WORKER, THE
communist paper suggests Earl
Warren to head commis sion
investigating Kennedy' s death 3 9 1
WORLD, THE
article from on U. S. aid to Brazil ,
quote 45
WORLD CONGRESS OF THE
COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL
purpose of disarmament, quote 241
WORLD COURT
composition of judges of 257- 8,
263- 4
Connally Reservation to discus sed
258- 9
discussion of 2 57- 64
history of 2 57 - 9
Long plan to reconstitute 260 - 1
membership of and reservations
262 - 3
reservations t o jurisdiction of 262- 3
U. S . joins 2 58 - 9
WORLD WAR II
results of in Europe 324- 5
U. S . forces kept from taking
Berlin, Prague by Eisenhower 324
WRONG BREEDS WRONG
article 6- 7
Wyman, Louis C .
on communist trade goods in U. S . ,
quote 326
WYOMING
3 1
Y
YALTA CONFERENCE
Roosevelt gives Stalin what he
wanted 324
Yarmolinsky, Adam
activities of, in Defense Department
308
communist activities of 2 9 1
has record of communist affilia
tions 305
has record of participation in
communist activities 1 70
implements Gesell Report 305
important official i n Defense
Department 1 7 0
Yergan, Dr. Max
comments of, on UN Angola action,
quote 1 1 8
quoted on U. S . policy in Africa
1 09 - 1 0
YOUTH CONSERVATION CORPS
article on 1 63
YUGOSLAVIA
Fund 98
Kennedy rules it is not communist
controlled 340
UNRRA money helps Tito destroy
anti - communists 32 5
Z
Zeckendorf, William
ACTION 30
ZONING LAWS
article 27
dangers of strong laws on zoning 27
studied for long time by " 1 3 1 3"
member organizations 29

Dan Smoot Report 1963 Vol IX

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Dan Smoot Report 1963 Vol IX

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THE

deal -showed me the news story, and trans

agement relations and procedures . . . .

ars ( 1 9 3 0- 1 9 3 5 ) head of that party.

uela as an "anti-communist, " and work to

pose communism on his homeland by calling

ent kept increasing the reckless spending.

is also unspecifed and also comes from this

grams of the specialized agencies ( for

ot mask the indignities sufered by sherifs

national Commission in determining the

rmored cars, and so on -all would be placed

programs ; we believe in abolishing them.

ntire , Clifford G. (R)

coosc|cac|ooal ptov|s|oos wb|cb woal1

, w|o,|nonev|olentstep, wete1eclate1 eqaal

|n t|e Ln|te1 :tateseven |ncla1|ng t|e

ricalla, 1961 Edition, Vol ume XI I I , pp.

ce wete powetless to ptotec: tbe

etally auable to g|ve tbe m|uot|ty wb|te popa

toops to ptotect tee peo

d|v|daals ot taces It |s qa|te beyoud tbe oto

pve only one

rs. 'or frst

come an instrument for nullIfymg the Consti

sidential responsibility as a result of the dif

sIOn of power between executive and legisla

n policy powers of Congress under

Ptes|1ents to|e oi mota| |ea1ets||p | s

ot, .:.c.1enta|ly, ass|gne1 by t|e sp|t|t otptov|-

|ong Nat|ona| Pat| on Pa1te T|e :ectetaty oi

e|| ( Democtat, m|c||gan, |ntto1ace1 a

deral approval and keep them

' Kenne1y petolcce1

' pto|lblcs nacleat cesclng ln c|e acoos

to oat teconna|ssance p|otogtap|ets

y was negot|at|ng a test ban tteaty w|t|

ong c|emosc ietc|le lnc|e wotl1. Beiote

|scass|ng c|e otlg|n an1 oatoose oiTV A,

Hamo|tey tesolat|oo, aod

oally Resetvac|oo. Mt. Deacsc| |s oteseocly

c|e Wotl1 Coatc, c|e Io1eoeo1eoc

Io1eoeo1eoc BatAssoc|ac|oowas teceoc|y

sate met|caos |ave ooate1 oac co |elo

c as, |e otobab|y 1oabcs oat sao|cy |o sab

i t|e latgesc oegto c|atc| |o t|e wotld ( Bao

lvania ) and J. Will iam Fulbright ( Democrat, Arkansas ) ;

oo||ee|og. T|toag|t|ecottaotao1 1esoo| ||og

A.T. to pte1|ct tbat

esponsble for harmful programs

mlstratIOn authority to designate who is the

wb.cb oa1e vlttaa||y loposslble saccessial

catlon oi anyone wbo plea1s oo

moved ftom tbe Atmed Iotces , aod it was u

.tb Westetu atm|es s|uce l )4). We bad ptom

utedace tb|s Repabl|c to depeud

|u|ug all Reports pabl|sbed |u l )6z. Tb|pat

dustrial plant, and development loans were

ooe cao deoy |ba| Amet|cao iote|go a|d aod

teste w|tboat ptocess |u Oxfotd, M|ss|ss|pp|,

attmeut j , |u tespouse to au oc|al sabpoeua,

Al l of tbe above |s a mattet of pabl|c tecotd.

ative Daniel J. Flood ( Democrat, Pennsylvania) ,