PROJECT MERCURY FAMILIARIZATION MANUAL

NASA
M_LNNE D ON_ SATELLITE DAY MISS]ION SPACE Cl_AFT

1 DECEMBER 1962

MCDONNELL

AIR

FORCE, Mendle

Press, Inc.

12/12/62

900

(McDonnell

A/C

Corp.)

'__NIL/.

$EDR 104

_4s day
I_:_

4oc_zent mission

is

applicable an_ supersedes Spacecraft

to

Spacecraft basic

No. 20 and its dated

one1 June _hls

o_bital )ga_

SEER 10_-18_

_114_e

18-Orblt Co_aticn. but does not

doc,-_nt

covers

Spacecraft

No. 20 as delivere_

tn-

cluae changes generated after delivery. The purpose descrlptic_ of This _mnent is tO present _ a clear operatio--1 A can-

of the

spacecraft

systems

laa_or c_-ponents.

parlsom between _-/ompcments

_11,_.

in previous spacecraft

aml those Installea in Spacecraft No. 20 can be made by the use of earlier issues of +.l_s _ocw_ent. Spacecraft r,--_ered2, 3, 4, 5_

6, 7, Ii, an_ 14 are covered in the i Febx.,a_yi_i i0_ Revised i August 1961. Spacecraft n,_re_

issue of

9, 13, 16, 18 and i04-3 Revised

19 are covered in the 1 November 1 February 1962.

1961 issue of _R

SECTION

INDEX.

SECTION I INTRODUCTION SECTION II CABIN SECTION III MAJOR STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES SECTION IV ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION V STABILIZATION CONTROL SYSTEM

CONTROL SYSTEM

SECTION Vl SEQUENCE SYSTEM, LAUNCH,RETROGRADE OR ABORT .SECTION VII. _SEQUENCE SYSTEM, LANDING THROUGH.RECOVERY SECTION VIII ESCAPE AND JETTISON ROCKET SYSTEM SECTION IX POSIGRADE ROCKET SYSTEM

SECTION X .RETROGRADE ROCKET SYSTEM SECTION Xl ELECTRICAL POWER AND INTERIOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS SECTION Xll CC_MMUNICATION SYSTEM SECTION XlII NAVIGATIONAL AIDS SECTION XlV INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS _._

SECTION

INTRODUCTION

TABLE _ TITLE

OF CONTENTS PAGE

Description................ .................................. .1-3 Cabin ........................................................ ,1-5

Major Structural Assemblies .................... .1-5 Environmental Control System................. I-5 Stabilization Control System...................... 1-5 Sequence System....................................... Rocket Motors............................................ Electrical Power And Interior Lighting System............................. % Communication System........................... Navigational Aids ...................................... Instrumentation System.............................
1-1

I-6 1-6

1-6 .1-6 1-8 .1-8

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SPIKE

PYLON

JE1TISON

ROCKET

SPACECRAFT ADAPTER

RETRO ROCKET AND POSIGRADE ROCKETS

ATLAS "D" MISSILE

FM18-43

Figure

1-1 Spacecraft

Prelaunch

Configuration

1-2

aqO_ONNm_J.

$EDR 104,

I.

I_ZROIUCTION TO PROJECT M_CURY

z.,z. immmzm zo
Mercury Spacecraft deserlbe_ _e in this ._eatc= manual is des_ for of _ a Qne-_sy earth-orbiting three-orbit _e :eas_t_ an_ six-_btt Spacecraf_ mtsslcn. flights is an extenstca vehicle. e_tlons of the spscecra_t

of the Mercury tO the

0he-Day

is s_.41--

earller part shield

7_ inches

in _Ltmster 1-2)

at the v_lest fro: the heat shape res_les

and 115 inches recovery topped eyl_r.

(See Figmre _he cylinder

to the ena of the a _mmeate4 truncat_L co_e cone. the

spacecraft --_

by a short

retopped

by a shorter

2he first c_

contains the astr_ut

and his m_pcrting

s__-_-,

Cyl-_-_l,_'r contain- the recovery co_e Is the 8n_-falr_

al4s and parachutes fc_ la._4._, the _cc_1

which cc_$_L_s T_e bicone --_emma 8n_ hu_ison

senslng elements plus the drogue chute. Str_ling the _t_-, f_ng is a trlm_ular-_mpe_ trusvork of

steel tublng fca_In_ the escape tower. mounted on top base of the of _ tower:

Two soll_ propellaDt rookets are _ettlscn. of shlatl_ skirt. _* _ re_ _lass _,'_.le_e f_ber as_mb_ rocket

one escape, _ a heat _

At the composition

spacecraft, to

sbtel_

10 a_tached _

_he Impact

i_shel_ securely to

spacecraft until I_.

motor pack is attaehea to the heat ._lel_ end is _ettlsoned after retro/_ fire. first cone Is a _ouble-wall structure, the inner wall forming a pressure vessel (the eshin) and the outer shell for_ a heat -_fel_.

_he following paragraphs briefly describe the material covere_ in

i3

NNELL

SEDR 104

_a.

<

<

FM18-150

Figure

1-2 Principal

Dimensions

1-4

__NmJ_.

SEDR 104

_'ne inner houses the sions tica. the

wall

of the

spacecraft

form-

the

cs_n

s_ure The equil_ent

and _rlthin proviposi-

astronaut s arrenge8 accessible

in a pressurized so that

envirca_ent. controls

cabin are

al opera_

end emergency normal restrained

to _b_ astrc_au_ XL

when in the

See Sectl_

_he structure is of a conventlonal _i-mo_ocoque utillzing titanium for the pr1-,_y structure. _,

cans_ruction c_ter shell is de-

slgned to protect the internal cabin from excessive heatlz_, noise a_ meteorite safe penetration. for the _e internal cabin is 8esigne8 TTI. to provide a

envir_ut

astro_.

See Section

mm'mmmr .aL corn,tooL

he Envirc_aentsJL the astr_alrt Control System the pr_ides a livable envircanent _erat_x_, for ht_i&-

by controlling

gaseous

c_ositi_l,

i_y and pressure as well as cooling _he electronlc eqttil_aent aboard the spacecraft. See Sectlc_ IV.

1-._.

STABXLXZATXON CC_IOL _e Stabilization

SYS_ Control System tize _e proviSes stabl/zattc_ a_ orients-

tic_ of the spacecraft from the

of separ_tlon from launch vehicle system operates either au_cmatias a propellant. It dee_.oses _e hydrogen

until antenna fairln_ separation. cally or m..._ _y using h_drogen

peroxide vhere

peroxide is force_ over a ca_vst producing the _st Sectl_ V.

Into steam and c:_en See

_et ccutroll_

the attitude of the spacecraft.

I-5

_J/VNRJU[.

$EDR 104,

_ae initial used tam fli_t Sectla_s

Sequence signal

System _ich the is

is

set

4n operation reference

at po_.

liftoff _his to

providAng reference _m_, phases

the is

a basic

to establish functions f_m

order

of events thr_;_h sequences

in relatc_ _

_he sysof the dictate. See

liftoff or abort

the post as flAght

in normal

con_tious

VI and VII.

-7.
_e escape in the event rocket is used _e to carry Jettiso_ the spaceeratt rocket out of d_er the tower VIII. fran

of a failure.

separates

the spacecraft under n_al _e

add abort condltlo_s.

See Secti_

poslgrade rocket motors are use_ to accomplish separation bespacecraft retrograde the earth's and the booster. rocket motors slow See Sectio_ the spacecraft X. IX. sufficientl_ to

tween the _he re-enter

a_osphere.

See Section

_e

spacecraft is supplied 6, 12, 18 and 2_ volt d-c power fr_n Battery volta6e, T_msformed to 115 volt,

six silver-zlnc batteries.

_00 cycle, sln_le-phase a-c power, is supplied by two main an8 one standby _-_rters. flood lights mounted _e interior li_htlng consists of two fluorescent side of the astronaut an_ a series of

on either

teleli_hts on the instrument panels.

See Section XI.

z-9.

cammxr, m'zo
DU_ ai_ are flight used. a_ recovery phases, c._.-.._catlo_equipment equipment includes U_ and tracking and HF

_he flight C.-,....m_cati0_ 1-6

MCDONNELL IY

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104

_NORMAL

ORBITAL FLIGHT

ROLL Z

:Y YAW

} PITCH PITCH _SDEFINED AS THE ROTATION OF THESPACECRAFT ABOUT ITS X-AXIS. THE"PITCHANGLE IS ZERO DEGREES (0) WHEN THEZ-AXIS :LIES IN A HORIZONTAL pLANE. USING THEASTRONAUT'SRIGHTSIDE AS A REFERENCE, OSITIVEPITCH IS ACHIEVEDBY COUNTERCLOCKP WISE ROTATION FROMTHE ZERODEGREES PLANE. THE RATE THIS (0) OF ROTATION IS THE SPACECRAFT PITCH RATEAND IS POSITIVEIN THE DIRECTION SHOWNAS ARETHECONTROLMOVEMENTSWHICH CAUSE it. THECONTROL HANDLEMOVESTOWARDTHEASTRONAUT AND THE POSITIVEur PITCHREACTIONJETFIRES. I YAW .YAW IS DEFINED AS THE ROTATION OF THE SPACECRAFT ABOUT IT'S Y-AXIS. CLOCKWISEROTATION OF THE SPACECRAFT, WHEN VIEWED FROM ABOVE THE ASTRONAUT, IS CALLED RIGHT YAW AND IS DEFINED AS POSITIVE (+). THIS MQVEMENT IS PRODUCED POSITIVECONTI_OLMOTION. THE BY CONTRL HANDLE IS ROTATED CLOCKWISE (AS VIEWEDFROMABOVE ;THE ASTRONAUT)AND THE POSITIVE(+) YAW REACTION JET FIRES. YAW ANGLE IS CONSIDEREDZERO DEGREES (0) WHEN THE SPACECRAFT IS IN NORMAL ORBITAL POSITION (BLUNT END OF SPACE'CRAFTFACING LINE OF FLIGHT). WHEN THE POSITIVE Z-AXIS OF THE SPACECRAFT DIRECTED IS ALONGTHEOREITALFLIGHT PATH(RECOVERy END OF SPACECRAFTACING LINE OF FLIGHT), THE YAW ANGLE IS F 180 .

_ROLL
ROLL IS DEFINED AS THE ROTATION OF THE SPACECRAFT BOUT ITS A ".Z-AXI$. CLOCKWISEROTATION OF THE SPACECRAFT, VIEWED AS _FROMBEHIND THE ASTRONAUT, IS CALLED RIGHT ROLL AND IS DE"FINEDAS POSITIVE(). THIS MOVEMENT iS iNitiATED BY MOVING THE CONTROL HANDLE TO THERIGHT, THEREBY FIRING THEPOSITIVE (+) ROLL ACTION JET. WHEN THEX-AXIS OF THESPACECRAFTIESIN L :A HORIZONTAL PLANE, THEROLLANGLE IS ZERODEGREES (0).

. /

JACCELEROMETER POLARITY WITH RESPECT TO GRAVITY WITH THE SPACECRAFT THE LAUNCH POSITIONTHE Z-AXIS WILLBE IN !PERPENDICULARO THEEARTH'SSURFACE T AND THEZ-AXIS ACCELEROMETER WILL READ+1 "G".

FM18-61A

Figure 1-8 Spacecraft Polarity Orientation With Respect To Astronau_ I-?

___a_m.

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voice :etr_

+ransattters tr*n_4_er

and. receivers,

er--._

recelver

az_ decoder,

_ele-

az_ "C" ead "S" bsn_ beaca_s

for r_a_r tracking. Rescue azd the _e _

recovery equtlment t_]:1es Rescue Beat.s u_e_Lfoz ]_-bmi_

the amd.lAaz70_ o_ the sl:eeeraft.

a_ _F tz--_4t_ers a_ receiversare also ogecative See Se__ X_.

o at_ in recovery.

l-lO. _VX_GKAL

AXDS altl_ude,eouzse, for

XavlgstloaalAids neeesssr_to _-_ veloei_, sttlt_ q_l_M reference_ sn_ _ of re-en_

sre locate4 eaaveaie_t_ XXXX.

the astr_.

See Se_

1-11.
he T-_x_e_a_i_ Sy_ =_Dlt_s pzess_zes,_att_es, tMe s_ ope=atlon _ various ,m4_s _oW_ +_o_ t_age_ is :oattoze4 setlve tortag _he fli_. _ aa_ eveats that oe_r

astronaut'sresplral_ race sad volw, _essuz_ re_p4_es

sa4 Meat actl_ are aoaitoce4 e_ti=no_sl_; blood l_wio4te-1 ly by s sta_-s_op in sts_iag measm_ent the o_Ae. _le

_ai_

ssCzomm l_zttotpation (_) is inte_

Heart sol;ion :_f.-. Data is See Sec_ca

during bloo8 l:essoze eq_il_eat

mas_me:ea.

'to_'Uae"te_ X_.

an8 _o +-_ a_e reccn_ler.

1-8

SECTION II

CABIN

TABLE TITLE
/

OF

CONTENTS PAGE

Arrangement Support

........................................... ..................

2-3 2-3 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-9 2-13 2-13 2-13 2-16

Couch .......................

Restraint System ...... . ................................ Controls .................................................... Panels .... ................................ ................................ ., .............................

Instrument _iniHmJHi_a."_ i!iiiii_

..T........:...:.:..:.:.::._.:::.:_._._Z__ ._.:: ::.:: _== ==: " .::_.:::.:.:==:===:::::::..::::_.-..-- ,_ _:,_ -

Static System ........... Survival Equipment

=ii_iiiiiiiii_i_!i!i__

.......................................... :-_:_:_-_
_!!!!iiiiiiiiiii_i_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiillllliiiiiiiiiiii:..:..:.ii:._'=-'_

Food and Water ...................................... Astronaut's Apparell ................................

================================================================

_i__i_i_i_i_ii_i_
":iii::iii _i:_'_!!'!!'!!'!._'_ y_y_='_='_" .='.:.:..'::_::y:.__ _ _ _ __

:_!!i_/:_:_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiii iiiiiii!iiii''_' Spacecraft Recovery ................................

i i i !i i i !i i i iJi i il

2-1

NNELL

SEDR

104

FM18-44

rA

Figure 2-1 Interior Arrangement.

2:2 _

'_'_NNJ/.L

SEDR 104

II.

CAEI_

_e that _hen all

equ/pment normal

wthin

Sb_ eabin_ e_trols postfix.

Fl6_u-es are

2-1

and 2-2,

is

arr_d astr_aut basle,l

so

and e_erKency restrained

8ecessble

to the equipmJnt

in _he normal af the

The cabin

ly system,

consists

support

couch t and reJrt_'alnt w3's'e.,em_, enY_nmental and abort suppl_ e_trol kit1 mtsscn. handles e_eation 2 _s_t a_l equll_ent_

nswlKatioual panels, 8n4 other food

aids s fl_ht 8n_ water

dsplay e_ra

sur_wL1 far the

equil_en_

as needed

2<:.
5he astrcuatrt's perS, the astronaut's +_-_ miselon. consciou_nes8 at _aet. support ec_ch_ FKure 2-3, la, nah, also is destKned _ _ to firmly phases from loss supot Of

bo,_r_uri_ eou_h

m-.m'_? _

The support __,_lnK peak

protects perioa_8 lo_a_l

astronaut

accelerati_

end from possible larKe

4-_uxy pressu_

5_e e__eh iS _

acl_3eee_t t;o the

bulkheaa. _he e_-,-_s Of a hc_ey_ K3.aS8 fl_:' na_'s are _L_'rlAual3,y "ta.t.lore_ 1;o each astronaut. 5_ey c_nstst

mat_rlal_ eom_ shell. _ _ shell

to all ecuches_ ariaan indlvi0-,_! tailored 3y is pa_3e4 with a fl%_ material liner for the astroan_. the ehe_

eo_ort.

hc_yc,'-,_,

is er_-_-_,lee_-.,_..m

iS pol_es_er _esin-relnfc_e_ also a--t-_l 4.-Ta_ lomls.

Klas8 fiber !m.lnate.

Honeyc,-._material is on_ the couch to absorb _o enable inst-_aT_Lc_

between the larKe pressure b-_e8_ 5_e couch Is fa_rleaT_l in sec_l_

2-3

NNELI,.

SEDR 104

FMIS_I_-IA

Figure

2-2 Cabin

Equipment

(Sheet I of 2)

2-4

ttlCDONNELL

SEDR 104

z_

L__

:-

u Z

IFM16-1 (_-_

Figure 2-2 Cabin Equipment (Sheet 2 of 2)

2-5

_N_[.

SEDR 104

2-3.
_e restret-

ms,m
astronaut's restraint system, Figure 2-4, couch _ weightless chest_ utraps is destsned _ to the astrcuaut in the support _ aceleratic_, condtttOQQS. _e straps t lap belt, to restrat_ fca-_rd strsps supports _t's c_xtro_ handles_ or of

deeeleratlc_ restraint

an_ tO aid posltic_ consists _ds.

system

of sho_&er_ _he shoulder

an_ crotch

end toe and heel release the astrc_

ms_ be adjusted handle, chest

by a harness of the support

reel couch. _e _

control _e

locat_l

the upper left restrain the lower tarso.

side

an_ shoulder strap _e

the upper t_so. _he toe and heel

lap belt

ena crotch the feet.

support _he abc_

hands and arms are restrained !ocate4

b_ _cippi_

and flA_ht

near the ends of the s_port

cotwh am rests.

Spacecraft couch. left

celtrols

are located

forward of each am res_ fca_d

of _he st_p_rt

An _gency _e

escape escape

handle is loca_e_ handle Is utilAze_ of the escape _ae _,,-_

of the e_ppc_t cov_ the abort sequence. is

ann rest.

to initiate

To prevent provided

inadvertent

ac_atio_

system_ the escape located

handle

wASh a manual look. couch right a_titu_e

cca_trol han_e_

foTward of

the support trol fails _

am rest,

is utllAzed

as an overri_e

system to c_nsystem of the

of _he spacecraft

in the event _he aut_-_tc if desired for a pca_lon

o_ fc_ normal manual f:Llght control

mission.

2-5.

DIS'J__mT P_ELS _e left _d Insets r_ht an8 controls c_soles. are located o_ the main lnstrmnent _he =an _t panel,

.%c FA_ree
2-6

2-5 an0.2-6.

,MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

LEG SUPPORT

CONTOURED _/ COUCH

FMI

Figure

2-3

Astronaut's

Sul_port

Couch

i2-7

_a.i.

SEDR 104

/f

R HARNESS //

."

/
// CONTROL REELS HANDLE

I
LOCKED

rt'_RNESS

CHEST

ROTCH HARNESS

\
/ / I
LAP D! _ /

_'

TOE GUARDS I

Figure 2-4 Astronaut's Restraint System

_rMle-,_

2-8_

_O00NNELJ.

$EDR 104

panel Is locate_ _LTeet_y In i_rcntof _he estronatrt'ssupport e_;gb as / v_ewe4 by the astrn-m_. _he sate;11te clock, attit_de indicator, c.-.-_,electrical m_tches, panel. and indicators

nicatic_ controls, wazm4,_ l_hts, are located on _e The left h._ an(1 is accessible main _Hzmment

cc_sole is located on the left slde of the maln panel and visible to the astronaut vhe_ in the 1_1y restrained

posltion_ trols. c_trols ls _e

_he ec_sole Incluaes a telellght sequence, In_cators and conr_ght han_ console, located below the entrance hatch s Incl_des A separate coaxial switch selection by the astro-

far the envlrocmental control system. cn _he right han_ side for HF ent_--a

included _e

naut. retrofire

Navi_atlonal Retlele_ which permits optical al_$ attltu_e of the is spacecra_, located is to _he suppcrte_ left by a stoweble astronaut's

of the bracket. _c_;

_he reticle

when stowed

of the

_hen in operating position, the il_a%e_

reticle is drectl_ In

w_th the astrcnatrt'ole_t eye and the wi_low an_ifc_m- an angle of _o _th causes the lon_t;-,_!_e.l a c_era _ is -,,_ a_- of the of _, to the spacecraft. Ir_h respect right panels of the as it A m_ra to the support, _h_ch lc_gi_ AddttJ.onal A _rt_,_ enables the axis equ:Lppole,

Of +_e spacecraft, merit _ located a_ be _ a_

motmt_l

v4.ndow. is nemb_. _n_ov,

"to "the inetrmaent to the controls left vith

adjacent

of _e the

observatl_ su_t

to act_te

pressurized.

_e for rate

static

system

provi_s

fo_

at_os__eric in the

pressure spacecraft.

meaa_x_mn_ _e tr_r 2-7.

necessary

swLtches

an_ _,_eatcrs tndtest(n.;

to functlc_ four

altimeter, are

of descent

baromr_ee in this 2-9

and a pressuz'e system. See _

ecnneet;ed tO the

s't,a'tle access port

_M_DONNELL;

SEDR 104

.;

:]

/--.

Figure 2-5 Main Instrument Panel 2-10

i,_ II_ICDOItlItlELL

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104

RETRO ATT Ag.M@ OFF

RETROFIRED

05G JEITREIRO

OFF PUSH

:FM!_

_gure 2-6 Left,.,md RightConsole

2-11

_MODONNELL

SEDR ]04

FMI8-40

'Figure

2-7 Static

System

2-12

"___ELL

SEDR 104

2-7. /

_'aV'_AL

__ kit_ see Figure 2-8, sto_ed at the left side of the couch,

The survival cc_tains 1 Water __

following: 1 First Aid Kit 1 Food Container 1 Container of Matches 1 Whistle 1 Nylc_ Cord (i0 ft). 1 Sun Glasses & Case 1 Signal Light 1 SARAH Rescue Beacon 1 Signal Mirror 1 Pocket _-Ife

Container

i Life Raft 1 Desaltlng Kit (For 8 pts) 1 Shark Repellant Package 1 Tube Zinc Oxide 3 Dye Markers 1 Recelver-Beacon Transceiver

i Bar Soap 3 Morphine and AntiSeasickness InJ.

Plus additional items deemed necessary for the mission. A flashllght is located adjacent and to the left of the observation window.
z-

2-8.

FOOD AND WA_ Food will be supplied as required by the m-1 ssion. A six pound water astronaut.

container provides the normal source of drinkin 8 water for the

A secondary water supply containing up to five and one-half pounds of water is locatedln the survival kit. Tank contalning forty-nine pounds of water

are provided to supply the Environmental Control System Cabin and suit circuit heat exchangers. The water remaining in these tanks, at the end of

the flight provides an additional backup source of drinking water.

2-.9. f

ASTRONAD_'S APPAREL The astronaut's apparel consists of a completely enveloping pressure suit with helmet_ suitable undergarments, and boots. The helmet faceplate

can be opened while the spacecraft interior is pressurized although normal

2-13

_MCDONNELL

SEDR ]04

_ AND WINDOW PO_

SURVIVALKIT SUPPORT ASSY

SURVIVALKIT

KNIFE

J
./

-t
LIFERAFT AND WATERCONTAINER MOUTH OPERATEDVALVE (WATER CONTAINER)

SIG NAL LIGHT

(IN SPONGE) BATTERY I--'-, R[_IEIVER DYE MARKER (3 REQ'D)

RESCUE BEACON KNIFE INJECTORS (3 REQ'D) NHISTLE

10 FEET KIT FOODICONTAINER_.--\ FMI8-63 A

Figure 2-8 Survival Kit :2-14.

_HCDONNELL

SED]{

104

NAVIGATION ..... OBSERVATION I

CAMERA RRA,

_FMI8-146

.Figure 2-9 Pilots Camera 2-15

_m_Nl_N_

8EDR 104

procedure speci-l_y to

will fatted

be to

keep

the

faceplate to use his

clos_l. suit. is

_h O_q_n,

astronaut regulated suit

is as for

and trained pressure

+_mDe. ature, r

an_ b,_44ity,

sUPPlied

to the

breathing air is

an_ ventilation. supplied to the suit

Fur the astronaut's c_-_._ort, at all t4_s.

ventilating

z- o.
A normal landing be _ missiun is intended area to ter_4-ate with the spacecraft of the area landing. other than with ocean. ._ps an_ helicopters to the pick up the will buoyant t_at area; numeror upon I .the _- a pre_etemined by in the

recovery after land in

pruvsions Consideri_ the are _e intendml

spacecraft the

4w_iate_7 c_l_ both

possibility

spacecraft

recovery

Ons devices, deployed the after

electr_ic to ai_

and visual, in locating

auto_tically spacecraft. ph_ical

energize_ Depending conditian to the lifera__t

impact possible

weather,

damage and the

astronaut's

ast_atrt _aich is

m_y either provided

stay in the spacecraft of the su,-vlwsl

or egress equil_aent.

as part

2-16

SECTION
f

III

MAJOR STRUCTURAL
ASSEMBLIES
TABLE TITLE Introduction; ............................................ Spacecraft Forebody,............................... Entrance Hatch..., ..... ............................... Observation Window _. ............................ Small Pressure Bulkhead ...................... Large Pressure Bulkhead ........................ Recovery Compartment .......................... Antenna Fairing ..................................... Destabilizer Flap ..................................... Impact Landing System........................... Escape Tower ........................ :::_%:: iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiill = :_ OF CONTENTS PAGE 3-3 3-4 3-7 3-9 ,. 3-11 3-11 3-13 .3-14 3-16 3-16

Spacecraft Afterbody............ .................. 3-6

,................. 3-20

'_ii_ii!!!ili!!iiiiii!iiiiiiiiii_'_

Pylon-Spacecraft ;Clamp Ring ................ ,3-2 2 Missile Adapter. .................................. ....3-22

Spacecraft!-Adapter Clamp Ring ............ 3-25 Retro-Package

3-i

......................................

3-27

NNELL

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1041

AFTERBODY I

HATCH (EXPLOSIVE RELEASE) FOREBODY ARF._ -VENT (12)

WINDOW

EXPLOSIVE DOOR RECOVERY

LARGE PRESSURE-BULKHEAD

ANTENNA SKIRT

LANDING

GROUND HANDLING" FITTING (2) MAIN AND I RESERVE CHUTES

_NG II

SMALL PRESSURE BULKHEAD

DROGUE _ CHUTE FIBERGLASS ATTACH RING

'D NOZZLES

ABLATION

_JMBILICAL IDOOR

FMI 8-86

Figure

3-1

Spacecraft

_tructure.

3-2:

ILL

MAJOR S_RUCT_RALA_T.VR, S

3-'1. _a_u6-_ION _ae Pro_ectMercury spacecraft_Figure 3-1; is designe4 to cc_tain an as'_-cuut, eca_ dur'Az_ c_b:t'_Pl flight. _he spacecraft also con'_sins ref_

exffIr_

stabillza_i_ an_ other e_uIpmeDtnecessary

_e SlX_ecra/_ Is of s c_tlcz_l

sez_i-scnocoque ceastr_ion

uti-

11zlag tit--4_ for the primary structure. _e protect the internal cabin from excessivehea_ penetrati_. sls_ s_

s_ructureis designe_ to noise an_ meteori_e coaflgursti_ e_-

Be spacecraftis basleally a c_cal _

of a foreb_

afterbo_V. _e fore_o_v is the large dlsh afterbc_ consists Of a section. _u_

shape structurec-I_-4 the heat shleld. _e c_tieal

:i_-secti_ ettachedto a mall cyl.l,,,,l_ical

the orbital fli@h_ the f_bo_7 i path.

is forwardwith respect to the flight cabin en_r_, no_--_ aria

Provisionsare Incm'pczate8to permit

esersency exlt an4 exterior vlew_. Prim" te flAg, an escepe tower an8 anteana fairing are attache4 t, to the afterbo_V c_esl see_l.cm, e_er_aey rockets. ghe escape tower, e_sts _Lesi_ae8 to of a l_lnn is a eylt_tcel an4 _am_Lttln_

ai4 in spaceeraft-_isstle fr_m_ _o_k equippe_ shsp_ stru_ttre antenna. 8ur_ _e with ec_dnt_

sepsrati_,

_he antemm fairin_ _ reeel_

the radio

escape to_er

is _ettlsoae88ur_

the launch phase or phase the antenna fair-

an escape sequence. During the _ s_

lag is e_

serves to 4eplo_ _he :aln chwte.

3-3

'___IA.L

SEDR 104

3"-2.

I_ODY The forebo_, shaped adjoins structure the Figure that is 3.1, ,_in3_ consists 1)y the large of a 3._'ge_ blunt,, pressure b-l_ead dish _M

sup_z_d

afterbody conle_

section.

'Zae larse the after_.

pressure b-l_ead The forebo_ is designed to

lutor-_1_y separates the forebo_v _ dish shape_ structure is an ablation

heat

ahiel_

that

protect the spacecraft _ fli_t. It is also designed

extreme the_! to prevent to the heat

conditions durlng re-entry upon _ _pact. which in shield of the The add is pack-_

@_age

The heat shlel_ is a_ turn attach heat is riveted to the ri_ shield iuco_tes to the is

Shield attach r_ _m_ for for n_ti_, f_e _he heat inst_ll_tton

co_cal elo_ated

section

holes_ allow twder

sI_cecre_G des_ned

and to to ablate

therme_L expa_lon. conditions A retro_mde

ablation constructed

shie_

heati_

of fiber@lass to form a smooth contour.

age assa_ly The retrograde

is attached to the heat shield by means of three straps. pac_e is Jettisc___ed from the spacecraft followi_

retrogrede rocket fir_,

which _tiates

spacecraft re-entr_. the heat

The forebody area, _etween the large pressure b,,lkhead=_ shlelcl,is vented to atmosphere _ the _eril)hez_" of the

a series of vents located arou3acl and and

spacecrai_ forebode, adjacent to the forebo_ _hree toroi_-1 shaped _ro_en peroxide _-_s

aftorbod_ _unctlon.

six reaction control l_ozzles_each cove_l are located in the fore_ody area. heat shield release l_e_tlc store_ 4, the forebod area.

with Min-K heat i_sulatlon_

The foreho_y area also houses the A landing i_pact skirt is -I-o fi_er_ase i_pact

system.

The rubber _regnated

skirt, attached to the heat shield attach r_ designed to absorb high ener_ shock loads

and the heat e_leld_ is duri_ a

e_co_tered

__NmtJ,.

SEDR 104

land naut's phase, impact pa_t skirt _ _

or water; egress, the A_t. heat

an_ also

to

stabilize

the

spacecraft D_ing the f_l_

_ the

an astrolsndAng of the _he imt_act

foll_A_ shield Upo_ heat is

a landing released, shield

in the

vator.

and extends _ith

length vi_h4_

ecatact a series

land t air

1o fcT_d _nich

Otrt thro_h provides

of holes

located effect.

in the

in ttu_

a -_-like in the event

To prevent heat shield in-

d maage "to .I-_,_ 1A,.ge press_e

b-lkhead

the

strikes the spacecrai_ during lan_, corp_ates fiberglass ets. a re_ed -h_eld as_l_ between 1_4.-ted is the a_ fiberglass

the l_e

_reaaure b,,_ad _e support large

fiberglass shield as_. to the t_s t_

brack-

Sand_che_ are

shiel_ '_enty-f_r

and the straps af the

pressure of

bnl_,.h,ad, stainless

sec_cmas are

of hc_teyea,a'a. located about the

fabricated i_act

steel

periphe_

landing

skirt to prevent to_ng

the _pact

n_

aur_

h_h h_A-

z_tal verity rater!_4r_s. _ated

tlc_

T_enty-four ta_-_se steelcablesare _ hag and altexm,ate_

cables retain slumld _he heat occur.

insidethe i_p_t _
steel straps. _he

located
shield _e

in relatO 'f3ze

tO the

spacecraft in the event strap

fA_l,,,.e

a_od_

c_Acal
pressure

secti_
bulkhead,

exterior
to the the the

shingle arrang_ent
forebo_ large forebody ri_ is heat ,_e]_,

exten_s beyo.d the large

and encloses and the _un_ure, a_ach ring. a_ el_p ring the ring. pnetua'_J.o heat the equip-

merit located Locate_ the heat

be_een to

pressure

h-lk_ad

shield. to

a_acent -_teld

an_ ai_er_od_ a fiberglass

and bolted

attach

spacecra_t-adal_teriD_tallatien_ the fiberglas adapter attach for flange the are clamped together adap_r, 3-5 _ith

attach ri_ a segmented el_p

Receptacles

retro-packa_e_

sn_ the

_N_mLL

SEDR104

and electrical Jacent

connectors attach

are locate_ rt_8.

under the forebody

shingles doo_s,

adfor

to _Aberglass

rive

spring loaded access

the receptacles

are lnoorporate_

in the shim@les.

'We afterbo_ cabin that is

eon:Lcal _-sectto_ bet_mea a _1_

ma:Lu_ consists pressure _11

of a presmzz,Xzed and the large

supported

,b-_,ead

pressure bulkhead. _w_es points. to provide

_he cabS- tnterto_ addittoDaA Is structur_ eonstructe_

is 1_-._1 vtth c_led and e_ilRent attach _

stre_th

The m_d-seetion

of a cn_cal_ _he outer

formed 4_r

outer tt+_-_mm shell, to form small sealea swine and structural longitudAnal bonded, skin. covered hat _s.

seam welded together. pressure loads. panels _ze outer A _!_-_t capable

skin ls beaded pres-

of w'J.ths'_,,_4,_Z _ A_.

e,___al

ls re_._'orced with :Lnsu_'t:Lo_ ls (beaded) oonteal and

of thersoflex to the outer

in between %he hat _rs, Wn-K _-mz_At_on ls also vlth a shimgle _nt. __

over the hat sections _e sbimg_ _

Is s4_4_

to the shiz_e

tns+_l_tica

used ca the ree_,_,-erysyst_s e_ut. seetic_ is attached seet_c_ ims-l=tton with adequate to the fo_ebod_ _ctn, shingle :_ heat

q_e forward e_l of the c_cal ehle.l_.. 'J_e ea_ination reinfo_cements, provide protee_Lo_.

of the co.ca1 themoflex

beade_L outer _-_ extermal hea% noise

hat section ins_al!atio_ meteorite

the slzaceera_

Located _n _he bottom of %__ e_z_ca_ seetion, real flight attit_te,

as wXeved_Lur_ngnor-

ls a sln_-__ loaded door that enclosed the grow_ to _ Sl_u:eemA_

checkout umb_tea_ rece3d_.le. The door, _ struetttre, a_att_!ly e_oses when the ,m_14ca_

iS discc_me_.

__NNBL_

$EDR 104

T_ro auxiliary spacecraft, are door, sure is removed is

hoist provide prior to

fit-tings, ground

attached handling

to attach

left

and r_ht

side

of the fifties snorkel presThis door door

points. 4o_,

_ae hoist _ml_ the _he

launch.

Am explosive shing_s,

provide&

in "the spacecraft

between sections

small

b,,_h_ad and the oo_ical-c11-drical from _he ._ spacecraft during the

Juncture. Act_ation _rough

e_loded cool

landis. spacecraft opens.

of the the

enables valve

to be &fawn into cabin air inlet

snorkel

when the

valve

3--_.

EFmANCE HATCH An entrance hatch I Figu_ 3-2, Is located c_ the rlght side of the station. En-

sf+_rbod_rcc_'Lcal

se_tlon as viewed ITem the crew :M_er s4_:r to +_,

trance hatch co,ruction,

conical sectlon oonsln_au-tlcn, _lde_ together and in the

consists of an Inne_ and outer (beade4) skin _

reinforced with hat str_-_-ers. An explosive charge, mo_

hatch sill, is provided to qulcXl_ release the hatch and enable the astro=aut to egress rapidly. An explosive charge initiator, located to an internal release

in the upper aft corset of the hstch, is _ control initiator. to position the hatch. which with _e

Prlc_ to launch, the hatch Is bolted and sealed inm_ _4o corr_a_d, shingles are In_!_,=_ over

bolts,

bolts are inserted through the entrance hatch sill, the explosive e%,_Ee, and threaded into the space-

incorporates

craft sill.

A magnesium gasket, wJLth1,1-_a rubber, f_s

_he hatch

seal when the hatch is bolted into positi_a.

Two hatch shingles are are they attached to

attached to the hatch stringers, but in no -_.er

spacecraft .hln_s. (_h!S

enables the hatch to separate cleanly, upFollo_ impact, the astronaut

on ignition of hatch explosive charge.) 37

"_MCDONNELL

SEDR

104

' INITIATOR COVER _ ,PLUNGER Z SAFETY PIN RELEASE HANDLE

EXTERNAL RELEASE ELE

WINDOW !

SHEAR WASHER. PERCUSSION CAP FIRING PI

SPRINGS

'E_CtEXPLOSIVE

DLg
EXPLOSIVEINITIATOR ' m-o:rATED le0); _)

HATCHINTERNAL EXPLOSIVE C

HATCHSEAL

THEP, MOFLEX INSULATIOi __

THERMOFLEX INSULATION

HATCHSILL

MIN-K INSULATION

FM18-83;

Figure 3-2 Entrance

Hatct_.

3-8

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104,

removes the initiator cap from the initiator, and the safety pin from f the initiator plunger. By depreseing the initiator plunger, the _,I.

tlator's two sprlng-loaded fir_-_-pins strike The explosive charge pereussion caps and detonate the eu_losive _b-rEe. the hatch from the spacecraft. .1.o _4s action explodes

An exterior hatch release control is

provided tO enable grouna personnel to explode the hatch in the Natch retOntlon aprings, seinner in the side of the the located entrance initiator in the duri_

event the astronaut is unable to do so. cured by pip hatch plunger hatch, ground pins, are injury incorporated to ground depresse_.

c_ the persnnnel

to prevent is

event

accidently

Two pressure and purging

valves_

enables checkout

pressurization operations.

of the

spacecraft

3-5-

OB_VATION

WIDOW

An observation window, Figure 3-3, lecate_ on the after_ody conical section, provides the astronaut with external viewS. _-e window, lo-

cated above the maln instrument panel, consists of an _--Pr and outer assembly. The inner _ assembly made of three glass panes is sealed Each glass pane the panes.

in a tltaz_,m fr_: is independently

_nich is attache_ to the cabin wall. to provide a pressure seal between

sealea

_ae outer window assembly conslsts of a glass pane sealed in = tltani_ free, that is at1_he_ to the spacecraft outer skin. _ae carterwindow to provide

ass,mbly is sealed separately_ from the inner window as_ly, a complete seal. section. _e Be

outer win_ow conform- to T_e curvature of _he comical is equipped with filters_ enabling A shield provided

obselwatlon _

astronaut to regulate external light entering _he cabin.

39

_NNEJE..

SEDR 104,

' LATCHMECHANIS_

/FILTERI _ J

$1=CTION

AoA

/OUTER WINDOW ASSEMBLY

GLARE SHIELD

GLASS PANES

IFM}8-PA

.Figure 3-3 Observation 3-10

Window

__NNJ[LL

SEDR 104

between from the

the

inner

a-_

outer

window assemblies structure.

e_m_tes

images

reflected a

inner

spacecraft

The obse_ation

window includes

two pOSition _ror observation

assembly which increases the astronaut's angle of

3-6,.

EN.T.T, PRF_SURE

BULKHF_LD

The small surized supports tntexmally enable the area the

pressure fr_ aft the conical is

b-_ead recovery section. prowlded exit

iute r__ _y system c_nent

separates _ escape

the

cabin

pres-

structumll7 hatch, FIEure 3-4, to

A sealed in the small

actuaT_t, asT_aut's

pressure landis.

_,lkhead

following

spacecraft

The dishslx)ty_relded.

shape_ escape hatch is eonstructe_ of a beaded a.],a-tnm= skin to an 4--er akin, that is reinforced _th The hatoh and is held outer flan_d with edge f_ts _nto the ri_. the

structural "Z" shaped members. _,1_ pressure the b,,lk_ead re+_r sill ri_

in place the =_ hatch the

a retai_ing

Expelling

by raising head sill

handle I wedges flan_d edge

reta_er

r__-_- between the pressure hatch f_a_e

the _,lk. aft is to seam hat

hatch ac_on.

and forces _--_1

prowlde welded

a s_AI_ to the

The titanimn _-er skin

_,_k_ad to the conical

conical

secti_

and bolted

_r_er

flanks.

3-7.
The large pressure _,_k_ead supports the forward end of the conical section and Inter--_y bo_7 heat shield. separates the pressurized cabin from the fore-

The large pressure b,,Ik_eadIs constructed of a coms_n. The outer skin is beaded =-_ seam

bined 4--er an_ outer ti+_-4_ welded to the _ -_.

The b-lk_ead is reinforced with hori_

3-]1

NNELJI.

SEDR 104

/,/" ,., Y / / ,....,., .. // / \

....... i i /

RELEASE HANDLE

RETAII_II N_

HATCH ANDLE SUPPORT

SMALL PRESSURE

B]--

ESCAPE HATCHAS VIEW FROMASTRONAUT'S SUPPORT COUCH HATCH CLOSED

RETAINING RETAINING RETAINING _ HATCH

HATCH

RING

SMALLPRESSURE RULKHEA_ _ _

SMALLPRESSURE BULKHEAD x---" HATCHSILLj _ HATCHCLOSED _ HATCHSILLI RELEASEANDLE H

_'

HATCHRELEASEDL

SPRIN, ASSY i HATCHRELEASED

SECTIONR-B

FMI841

.Figure

3-4

Escape

Hatch,

:3-i2,

"_MOD_ONNIgLL

SEDR 104,

cha--Als Inst-11_

on the outer skin.

_he b,,1_head inner skin is

provided with two verticel _h---ele, centrally located en_ spaced, that furnish s_ructurel sttach point for the astronaut support couch. Honeycunb shelves are provided on the bulkhead inner skin, ontboard of

the two vertical channels, for equipment insTmllation.

_he b-1_head

outer flange ring is bolte_ to the conical section inner akin and the bulkhead are is also bolted large to the conical section _--ar attach ring. bulkhead to enable overboard Vents

provided

in the

pressure

venting

of the spacecraft bettery vapors and envircemental control system exhaust steam.

3.6.
_e spacecraft after_ody, Figure 3-1, basically consists of the The

abort cylindrical section and the truncatea cone shaped structure. cylindrical secion is referred to as the spacecraft recovery s_ compartment s_l contains the landing psrachu_s, reactic_ to _e as the recovery control afterbody nozzles. conical is _he truncated section, connected cone recovery aids shaped the structure,

and the referred cabin. by a

encloses to the

pressurized cabin

cuBpartment

p_essurized

small pressure b,,Ikh_ad, q_e recovery system c_-._.artment "_.rlcal struts, formed tlt--_ skin utructure_ relnf_ce_

is a cylinh-t

wlth l_it,,a_--1 shingle

and covered with a oo_-,-,.q_a'te_ bery'l"H,,,,,

arrangement.

A layer of ther_lex
/

insulation is installed between the hat stringers to prevent excessive heating within the com-

and the partment.

external

-ht-_les

The _les

are individual panels bolted to the h-t sections A set of reaction control ex900, bet_men the compartment

with allowances for T_erm-1 expansion. haust nozzles are internslly located

every 3-13

4#O_O_J_

$EDR I04

Innm" a_. o_q,_ tion. viring of _

am'4the e_znsl

tns_1._ti_.

_',,e zecom_

s_'r, em

11_ez'1or :f.8 _a/.1_ 5he o,cm_arlm_'t an4 _!-_ing ecmpartmm_ _ houses left

d1_.dm1,tn'_o a le_'t and risb_ secaids, electrAcal se_J.on al_t4e_ _he

8eettc_ houses the recovery throu_ a ftberg_ss the e_-partme_t. container,

5he rlS_t structurm?ly parachutes.

_nto _eo seettcas ematstner landing,

tha_ contain

the mA_ and reserve o

can be removed by _he astronau_ to per:it egress

_rcm the cabin folJ_rl_ e_.art_nt.

through the recovery

_e _hat

an_n_a the

f_ p_ch an_

.Ftgttre roll

_-_ horizon

is

a cy_tea_ scanners_

shaped an_ the main

_truc_re receiwl_

houses

an_ transm_ titantu:

antenna. 5he antenna _alrln_basic structureis of shingles. An et_h%

eonst_uetto_ an_ is covere_ _rAth "Re_e.,_.l"

1rich vAn_o_ as_V

is located aroun_ the outer base of the fairing between the _op of the fslrtng and spacecraft. insulato_, str_ps _lberda_Ke to hi-

an4 sets as a dielectric _ae _ _r glass attached

glass the Ku/des. a_te_

assembly co_ssts of a a_ccne base, _ber_es and teflon e_rips. In line _les,
an_ _efloD towe_ is

wtth _he three are three

strips _e_Ttisone4.

_efl_n _
prevent

to the antenna fairing

_h. falrl_K 1"1berg/ass _nen the guides escape

An al,_mm

conies1 hc_n is inter,-: An eleet_le tnm.:-t_r

3y loeate_ at the base of the ant_na a_ loekfom,

fairing. horn,

locate4 above the bi-eonteal A :o_.I hor1:c_ A p'_..h hc_lzon the roll hor_s_ scanner sca,,_r so-_v. is

a14 in antenna f_

In__,_-tlon.

loea_e4 :Lu

at the top of the antenna aLr_g. the sl_ fairing of the f_, is atta_e4

s located _he in the

in lne vlth to the spacecraft

3-14

by a mortar gun l_ated

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

RI-CON CAL

SUPPORT CLIP (TYPICAL6 PLACES)

"

ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR

(TYPICAL3 PLACES)

CHUTE

POST

F1.AP DIELECTRIC WINDOW

(TYPICAL3 PLACES)

TEFLON STRAP

HORIZON SCANNERS_

ESCAPE / PYLON

LOCK FOAM'-'__

REEFINGCUTTERS

DIELECTRIC WINDOW J

INSUU_TION_

_,

_'"_._,N _-RI-CONICAL HORN

BI-CONICAL HORN tFMIS-10

Figure

3-5 Antenna 3-15

Fairing

_N_m&J.

SEDR 104,

recovery compartment.

A steel post located in the center of the fairing _ee index pins and

is use_ as a guide vhen the falring is Jettisoned. six sUpport clpsI in _ +-h_-ee holes antenna drogue an_ six also risers brackets houses to the antenna fair_ in recovery the fairing drogue

lower matln6 flaz_e, align wiTJ2 c_ard_ent chute. _ree chute is mating cables deployed. flange. retain _le the

fair4_ chute

when the

3-10.

DE-STABTr.T_RR FLAP ,i A spring loaded de-s_abillzer flap, Figure 3-5, is attached tO the top of antenna falrinKs opposite the roll horizon scanner. s_ilizer 5he de-

flap ensures cc_.rectre-entry attitude during abort and reDuring launching phase, and UP to the spacecraft-tower

entry phases.

separation, the sprlng loaded de-stabillzer flap is held against the antenna fairing by means of a nylon cord. _e nylon cord routed _rough

de-s_abilIzlng flap reefiug cutters is severed after the escape tower Is _ettlaoned, thereby releasing the flap to the outhoe_1 position. When

the spacecraft descends to 10,000 feet altitude, the ante-ha faL-_ng is aut_natteally ing aortar gun. _e_ttsonrd from the spacecraft by the firing of the fair-

3-1I. neA
he _"T.a_ I,,_,_ system, Figure 3-6_ is _estgned to absorb

enerEr shock loads eneoun'l'.ered clu_.ng _; spacecraft following a landing in water.

and also to stabilize _e The Impact system basleall_ straps

consists of a heat .h4eld release mechanlmn, heat -h_eld re_mlxtg (2_), heat -h_elclretention cables (2_), a rubberized cloth

_-_-_act skirt

3-16

f{

IWICDONNELL

SEDR

104

3-17

__NmLL

SEDR 104

an_ a fbers]_ss farebod_ stats which of the _ch area.

sheld During the 1_-

asse_]_. the noneal

_he

_a_ ._A_,

_-_t the

t8 8_ed 10,000

tfeet

+_M baro-

landng

ener_zes in turn entenua in turn

Deploy" Re].ay to eJecl; "the antemm fairit_ (See Fisure fsrl=8 poeer 3-7). Ejection se_sn8 svtch_ Setch

dep]_)ys fa_"_ a_ects

+_- man parachut;e. closes 2_ V d-o the ante=na

separat_an

electrc_

to the Main Inertia

zay #z (t me
#1 ener_zes llm4t mrtohes Ba_ Re_ shield release to direct and. e_so _t_ects e_p_osi_e of the two heat shield squib _4eld elect_ca],

',,ezve 8eco,z later, Msln the

power to the the _ el_c_-lca_ heat she_l release system the heat

to enersze 2_ V _-c squib v_lves release

Bag Rela_. power to Sntte

Enerszn8 "the t_o

valves. _ 3_000 pet8 me_m_l nitrogen pressure q_4s act_ actu"to to

I_nttt_ f_oe moves at;ton ener_ze to the

sm aotuators, _4ml_taneous_y 'two _-_t Eaez_z_

the heat

from the mee_,,,,:_,M_

spacecraft. the I,-_,,__,',_m

w11_ the mrtches the

of "the release the _

close 8_

Ba8 Ext, ensto_.

SJ._a.l. ReXa_r,

(green), travels pin. is

Ind.l.cat.l.n_ a safe cc_I11;1o_. to the open ]_, the bag +_ _11_ _ arm the aotua_c_ is bag circuit

T_amnthe actuator is _

plst_

f,,l_y loaded look

by a sprY8 _de "A_O" the

_he _._act In orbit.

_.a_.=

circuit

de-ener_ze_ mr1_h n the A_l,'qr1_ _

spacecraft dm'Ln8 of "the

Plac_n_ re-e=tr_

position operstc_

spacecraft

_n the the heat

event

the the

heat t_o

shiel_ _-_t

meehsntm s_tehes v11

failed re_tn

_o aotuate_

and release

shel_

open en_ the _zts in turn

Bag WarninS _ dreets po_er

_elay _ to J_,_-_te

ener_tze vi_ the Landing _18

two se_ads. (red),

Ba_ Telel_ht

n_oa_

II_ICDONItlELL

SEDR 104:_
SCHEMATIC DEPICTS TWO EXPLOSIVE VALVES FIRED

MAT[C OPERATION.

ISOLATED SQUIB BUS 24

ISW_Tc_GBAG " IANTENNA FAIRING

"_F" i_,AUT Ov r "aql ISOLATED J V!MAN SQUIB BUS J SWITCH NO. SEPARATION _ 2 SENS,NG

BUS 24V D-C MAIN SQUIB _._ I

I I
I

24v o-c

;_;LANDING BAG

24V D,-C l__ MAIN SQUIB BUS

J v

ql_

.._ EMERGENCY -alRELAY

LANDING

BAG

SWITCH RELAY NO. 1_12 SECOND TIME DELAy MAIN _QUIB :BUS r . . ANTENNA FAIRING SEPARATIONSENS,NG SWITCH NO.|

T RESERVEDEPLOY RELAY NO. 3 , O

11 j
] C I _

STORAGE TANK s_ P.S.l. O t

T_

PORT

_EXPLOSIVE

A ijA/_ i_N_R

I_ RELAY NO. 4 RESERVEDEPLOY GROUND ......

i_ MAIN DEPLOY RELAy NO. I ENERGIZED AT 10,000 FT. DECEhJT

EMERGENCY MAIN DEPLOY RELAY

"HECKOUT CHECK _" VALVE ACTUATOR ! LANDING . L TELELIGHT BAG _ i

I
LANDING BAG WARNING LIGPfl RELAY 2 LSECOND 'lIME DELAY ....

/
I /

'

,
SKIRT LANDING

MAIN

SQUIB

BUS 24V D-C

(24 REQ'D.)

I_

LIMIT CLOSE UPON ACTUATION OF RELEASEMECHANISM SHIELD

FMIII-11_

Figure 3-7 Imoact Landing 3:19.

Bag Schematic

3-20

"_i_HCDONNELL

SEDR 104.
PYLON STRUCTURE

(TYPICAL 6 PLACES) 1 ; SPIKE

_N ROCKET

ESCAPE RCCKEI" OZZLE (TYPICAL 3 PLACES)

ANTE Ni_IA FAIRING

_* PYLON ADAPTER CLAMP RING

PYLON ATTACH

ESCAPE ROCKET PYLON

R :K'RECO'PA T.NT li C
ATTACH. FLANGE ESCAPE TOWER

DESTABILIZING

ANTENNA

FAIRING

__R

SCANNER

CUTTERS

/__

-c__

././

"/'_'_'f ,

/_

RECEPTACLE __ (TYPICAL 2 PLACES)

I)ISCONNE

_"

R_I/GON AT" ACH "_a RECOVERy COM PARTME NI ATTACH FLANGE FMI8-12A

Figure

3-8

Escape

'rower

3-21

__mLa.

SEDR 104

_he escape tower is fired to propel the spacecrai_aw_ from the M4esile an_ then the _ettisonrocket is flre_ to separatethe pylxm fran spacecraft.

3- 3. Za,0Zf-SPaCZCZZAZ CZ,
The _m_. rAug eonslsts of three _ e_ the pyl_ at_h =h .=_ed se_ents e_artaen_ flange.

ring to the recovery s_

q_ee explosivebolts, wi_h _;,.I i_laa

provlsio_s,collect the ring seine 4esi_ in

se_ents in tensing, q_e el-.!, ring is basie-lly _ as the spacecraft-adapter elm_q_ ring (I_ smallerin size. _he clamp ring retains

3-10), bu_ eo_siderabl_ the I_ to the spacecra_ separates

untll the els_ ring a_losive bolts the elmp ring, ring.

are '_.z, _x:J._h in t_-ea

An aex.od,_ma_e stability

wm_e a_r_..bml to pylon the lauaelz phase. Six

aid_ in st,abi.l_.zing the spaee_-at_ _

cable s_raps,bolted. the pyl_ stru_ _o we_, ai_ in space_-l_l_a

and elm__ ring stabili_ the el--p_ r_

separatlo_b_ re_

sea, eats of _he pylc_ when the explosivebolts are fire&. 3-I_. MXSSn_ _e missile a_apter, Figure 3-9, shaped _me missile. Up_ _ is a slA_ht_V_apere_, e_-a_Aeal wASh _he A_las

is deslgae_ to mate _he spaeee_

adapter a_ spaeeerax_ lu_im to _

to the missile, the _o the -_

adapter is bol_e_

mlssile au_ _he spacecraftis a_

adapter. _he a_apteris of ,,4.a_nocoque e__ ma_el_ four feet in hei_t. e_,_._i_ate_L ti_ai_ _e a_ basi_,lly

and is _ppr_xle_sists of an outer

:_- as_l_,

rlvete_ aa_ mum welde_ to an inner

port

rings, rlve_

bet_mea _he e_

of _he adal_.
3.2_

A steel

oz ZO "<0

z
IIE_

_z zoo _or-m _ X <g<

--'N-"

q9

-=<
Figure 3-9 Atlas Missile Adapter

I
FMIS-I

3-23

_oN_Rr.m.

SEDR 104_

ring

is

riveted rt_ is

to

the bottom, vith

4n, Ar surface holes to enable

of the the

adapter.

_ae of the cn

flanged adapter the 4--er ring

pruv_ded mlsslle

attachment

_o the for

with

boZts.

Aliment 8_aent.

:turks

are provided to

proper of the

alapter-mtsstle ag_mter is

Riveted flanged ring.

"the t_p; _ adapter attach ring;

surface

an almstntm

aluminum ring -roteswith the spacecraft forebody fiberglass duri_ a_spter spacecraft ring to adapter enables _ inetallatic_ proper _ An _t of spacecraft at 120 int_s, rocket adapter. 22001 to the asseabl:r attach _

on +:h_ to a4apter.

BY A_s -!,-_-_a

top of the adequate when the bracket the press cn the is

is slotteO

to proyAde s_s,

clearance for spacecraft riveted is the is

the retrograde attached to the every to the adapter

A metal adapter str4k_r

striker a_._ brackets switches; Waen delocat_t _he -h-ped;

Inter-ally; attached spacecraft

spacecraft (open) bottaa is

a_apter; separati_

these

se_tz_

of the attache_

retroKrade to the

rocket e_pter

asse:bly by Installing

attach straps. s chevron

spacecraft

se_aented clamp rl_

over the mated flanges of the fc_ebocl7fiberglass

attach ring and the aSapter ,pper ring. A retainer asseabl_, a_ vided tO _t the retro-pa_ to the adapter interior akin, is proan_ the explosive bolt fr_s

from strlking the Atlas _is_lle adapter L_X tank.

5he retainer ass_ly

is a cup shape_ structv_e, that fits over the retro-packa_e dome, 8n_ is s_ported by three metal straps _-t are _ to the adapter re-

with ceble asse:blies.

A vent port, locate6 In the adapter -_-_

eelves the mlsslle boll-off valve tube ariaenables tJaerelieving of liquid oz_en fr_ the missile. Opposite 3-24 the liquid _en boil-off

WO_Om_mA.L

SEDR 104,

port,

is an essptar

door installation. and heat shield

The door lnstal_ttc_ area vhtle

provides

access to the booster glass adapter shield attached

on the pa_L. A fiberstresmlAnes fittings, the located

above the vent port opening, the boil-ofT tube. Two stretch

au_ shields

180 apart porting

at the t_per section the aissile

of the adapter, vhile

provide

a mesnn of s_pposition fal-

(stretching)

in the vertical

adapter Instal2ation. Six cable space8 around the adapter cla_ tain ration. ring _hat attaches the 01-=__ zt_ outer co._ate_ the spacecraft

assemblies,attache8 to fi_i_s skin, are attached _e to the cables re-

to the adapter.

to the adapter

folloving

spacecraft-adapter

sepa-

_-

3-15.

SPA_CRAVT-ADAI_ZR CLAMP Be spacecraft'adapter cle_ ring, Figure 3-IO, is proviSed to attach the spacecraftto the aAapter. _ clap ri_ securesthe space-

craft to the sSapter _b_oughoutthe launchingphase until the 'tmap ri_ fr_ ls separated by means of explosive _he cle_p t-at_Ale6, ring bolts, allowAng the separation chevr_ ahspe8 attach vAth

the adapter. that _

consists

of three

seKments;

mats with the forebody ri_. _ee

fiberglass bolts,

ring aria +_e adapter

upper s_part

explosive ri_

Aual ignitionprovAsions, co--_ctthe three cl_ tension. A metal strikerbracket of the clap rl_. When the clmp is bolted, ri_ every

segments In

120, to the inside the striker bre,_ts

is _-etall_,

depress the spacec_

ring separationsensing svltehes,located in outer

periphery of the spacecraftforebody. _e exterlor of the e_-_p _ protects Is coveredwith a heat shield that _ae heat ah_elA

the e_q_loslve bolts from emcesstve heatl:_.

3-25

CLAMpRING

3-26!

*_A_O_Et.L

SEDR 104

consists
f

of three

fairing

asse_lies

which

are

located

_ectly

over

the explosive Bolts and three segmented fairing assemblies which cover the remainder of the spacecraft adapter clamp ring. semblies which locate _t,'ec_y" piece installation. The falrlng as-

over the explosive bolts are a thr== is fabricated of aluminmn and the

The top piece

two bOttOm pieces are made of ti+_-4_.

These fairIDg assemblies are The interior of the fairThe three segmented fair-

fastened to the clamp ring support fittings. Ing ass_lles is _n--1-ted with thermoflex.

i_E assemblies are of a titanium construction whose interior is insulated with thermoflex. The seKmented f8_ assemblies are Bolted to the

adapter clamp ring. adapter ratio, cable fitting

Six cable straps are bolted to the spacecraft These straps aid in spacecraft-adapter sepa-

by re_InID 8 the clamp ring to the adapter whe_ the explosive An eloctrics_ cable_ c18_ to each Of the clamp aro,_ r!n_ the interior of explosive bolts, tO

bolts are fired. the adapter;

iS co-_cted

two receptacles in the foreb_ly area and to two receptacles on the launch vehicle. Bolt A pne,-_tic a quick _e is also in connected the forebocly. to cae end of the explosive

and to

disconnect

3-16.

RETRO-PACKAGE The retro packaKe, Figure 3-11, is a _ettisonable dome shaped container moun_ed to the ablation shield by three retention straps. alloy The package,

constructed of s1,,,,,lm_

contains mountIDg provlsio_s for the posi-

Krade end retroKrede rockets, BF dipole antenna and associated wiring.

3-23

NNELL

SEDR 104

RETRC

Figure

3-11 Retro Package

3-28

"_A_IOi_4r)NNIKLL

SEDR 104

_rmoflex

insulation

is provided

on the _nner heat.

sides

of the retro

pack-

age to protect

the rockets by means a spring releases

.from excessive

Jettisoning

provisions of the retro

are also provided package c_telning bolt

of a post mounted assembly

in the center bolt.

and explosive straps

Detonation

of

the explosive ejects

the retentio_

and the spring

assembly

the retro package

from the spacecraft.

3-29

SECTION IV

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM

TABLE TITLE
/p

OF

CONTENTS PAGE 4-3

Description .............................................. Cabin Environmental Suit Environmental

Control ........... ,_ ..... 4-5

Control ............ , ........ 4-6 4-7 4-7 4-8

Suit Emergency Control .............................. Oxygen Supply ..........................................

Cooling Circuit ......................................... :__:_i:

Blood Pressu re Measu ring System ........ 4-9 Operation .......... ...... ................................. 4-12 4-31

_::_

System Units l........... ............ , ...................

.

"'::_i_:.....

:!i!ii_"

4-i

4-2'

'__;v_Ka.g.

SEDR 104

IV. F

_R_

_ROL

S'_

DEm TIm
_he environmental control system Figure 4-i_ provides _he cabin and _he astronaut with a 100 per cent ox_Een envir_ut to furnish the spacephase. _---_r: proloss

bre&thlng_ ve_ilatlon craft c_blts: fl_ht

an_ presst_izatlon gas requlre_ during _ and ventilation for also from a 12-hour post-_ following suit circuit;

he _c_ental Removes vides odors_

c_trol CO a_l S

system moisture usage

functions the

in the

astronaut's an T_e evant

an "emergency

ra_"

of oxygen

of pressure

in the sult circuit; malnta_n- cabin and suit T_mperatuze at approxlms_e_7 80F; provides an emergency flre extln_tlshlng capability an_ ,_ operates i_11 _v_t be in _e_htless" or "high co_o11_d g" c_/tions. _ur_ng .11 phases m_ac_io_ Sys_ functioning In are

automatlcally syst_

of flight. manual controls

the

aut.o-_tlc syste_

cc_trola

l_vc_ed, to

insure

operation.

q_e anvlro_.nen_alcomtrol system is des16ne_ to be operated in elther the suit mode_ cabin mode or emergency mode. is nor_-lly suit circuit utilize_ d.urin_ In the mode _11 s_vlval ev_t au_ enables cabin the as_ro_au_ to _he system suit mode function in the closed con-

pressurized

an_ _w-_ncy mode m-l_mctlonS_ _ne the suit emergency

(_epressurize_) the r_._nt._ mode insures

d_tio_s. control astronaut

one control to event

continue in _e

operate. both

and c_bin

modes malfunc-

tiom.
_e ox_en

(me
enviro_tal control system cabin pro1des a primary and secondary an_ sec-

suppl_ for both the

and suit circuits.

Pr_-_y

4-3

_MCDONAIELL

SEDR 104

Figure 4-2 Environmental

Control System Block Diagram 4-4

--_-_y cx_en pressnre. sys_as_

ox_en regulated

syst_a

are basically is lower

the then cooling suit

same, _h* _

however,

the

secondary re_late_ and cabin during flight. astroon

pressure

oxy_n for suit

A maunal_ t8 provl4_

controlled to control system to

cireuit_

and cabin are

_mperature located

_he environmental naut's the support

control c_,,h

components the large

below

the

adjacent -mAll are

pressure e_eeent left

bu!khea8 to the

end also escape

interior manual

of the controls

pressure located l_ht8

b,,l_h_ on the are

hatch. sys-

System tea

and right on the

consoles;

instruments

on_ warni_

located

main instrument

panel.

4-2.
p

CABIN E_IR0_mTAL
During operated per_ts secondary breathiug, marie normal in both the _

COHTROL
orbital cabin to flight, and suit open his furnishes gas. for control, the enviro_ental Operation faceplate. wl_h is control in the sysW cabin is mode and

mode. helmet the

astronaut supply

_he prizmry preestu_sation, with auto-

c_pn

cabin cabin

and ventilation controls

_e cabin

equippe_

ana manual

ventilation,

decompression,

pres-

surization, _e viro_ent orbital cabin

temperature is cleared

lanaing

and p0st-lan_in_ and a 100 _he cabin per

ventilation. cent to cx_Een launch. enDuring

of con_-a_ts by purging

i8 made available fl_ht, cabin

prior

pressure

18 aut_-tlcally

controlled

by a cabin

pressure control valve. sive pressure dec_ress_ t-_anta. buildup

The cabin pressure relief valve prevents excesthe cabin and provides a manual means of

within

the cabin in the event of a flre or buildup of toxic conTwo coolant supply tanks eontainin_ _O pounds and 9 pounds of

4"5

_NtVfI.L

SEDR 104

water

respectively _o pro_iae of water

are

e_on

to both

cabin

end suit

circuit tank the

heat

ex-

changers 40 pounds Cabin which

cabin is is also

an_ suit e source

cooling.

_ae coolant water for

ec_taini_ astronaut. _Xve_

of drinking

temperature regulates

controlled

by em.,..? entering

!y controlled _ cabin

selector heat

_he amount of water cabin oa the cooling inlet to side

exchanger, _he cabin Cabin In'O-

and in turn cabin air fan,

provides located

by means of water of the heut cooling

evaporation. forces

excha_er,

+.h_-ou_x the

exchanger

provide

cabin

and ventilation.

air _3_t

an_ outflow valves, loca_1

cn the small pressure bulkhead., phase.

vide ventilation during the landlu6 and po_t-_

During normal orbital flight, "thecc.,_,,.on o_Een gen s:lmultaneously to the suit and cabin enviromnentel

supply furnishes ozycontrol circuits.

If a cabin circuit malfUnctlon, such as cabin decompression, should occur at a tt.._ when "the astronaut has his faceplate removed, T_e astronaut Closln_ the faceplate i_itia_es

should 4-m_dla_ely close his faceplate.

the suit mode en_ confines _he astronaut to _he close_ suit control circuit While the suit operat_ pressure astru_mlt, te in the suit mode, _suit pressure realm-tot oxygen controls consumed _tit coolant cir-

to approx_ately during utilized no_mal suit

_ psia control

and replenishes circuit

by the cuit $--_e.

operation. the water

pressure _e

as a means of preesur_zin_ control circuit

m,'tt-env_ente_

incorporates

e_pressors,

filters, absorbers an_ a _EperatUre c_._or_. evapc_atlc_. Sttit circuit temperatttre

control to insure astrc_e_rt'smaxis colltrolled by means Of' _ter

A water separator

utilizes the c_on

4-8

oxygen supply pressure_

NNELL

SEDR 104

to remove moisture from the suit circuit oxygen supply. / located on the upstream side of the

A caupressor,

suit circuit heat exchanger, forces

the suit circuit oxygen supply throughout the circuit, providing suit circuit ventilation During the landing and post-landing phase, atthe cabin airiinlet valve to provide

mospheric air is drawn in _rough suit circuit ventilation.

4.4.

_JIT E_GE_CY

00NTROL

While operating in the suit mode during orbital flight, the suit emergency control mode automatically activates when suit circuit presI sure decreases below 4.0 + 3 psia pressure. . A control handle is proDuring the _e shutoff

vided to enable manual selection of the emergency mode. s l-_ding phase, the system emergency ox_en mode is rate valve aut_tically and the suit

actiwated. circuit

environmental

valve actuate simultaneously to switch the enviro_sental system fran the suit mode to the emergency mode. either auto-tic An 02 _ or manual. light, located on the main instx_-B_ntpanel, and a tone Actuation of these valves may be

_enerator indicates when the envirc_nental system is operating in the suit emergency mode. _he 02 Emergency Rate Handle used to activate the

suit emergency control, is located on the right console

4-5.

OXYGES _JPPLY
_he envir_utal ondary bottles. The _ system is and supplied secondary with o_n ox_en, from pr4_Ary are end secinter-

bottles

_irectly

4-7

_o_la't.J.

SEDR 104.

con_cted pressure and the ply lines

by a supply control suit valve,

line, suit

that

forms

a _,._,_on c_gen re_,_tc_, The primary pressure

supply

to

the rate

cabin valve, sup-

pressure separator. valves,

e_ergency

oxygen

circuit

water shutoff

and secondary

oxygen

incorporate valves.

transducers, c_ygen

pressure pressure,

reducers, present

and check in tape is the

The pressure and secondary and to

transducers c_ygen bottles

travm,tt I to a dual

primary

quantity oxygen bottle

indicator, pressure Two prievent reduced one to

recorder, reduced to

a telemetry by

unit. a primary

_he primary c_ygen for

100 + 10 psig, reducers

pressure

reducer. in the is

mary c_gen pressure 80 paig being prt-_ry dary

pressure fails.

are pro1ded

redundancy bottle

reducer

The secc_lary pressure secondary to be utilized _he reducer. oxygen

oxygen

pressure oxygen

by a secondary greater oxygen than the

The primary supply reduced

supply

pressure, the secon-

pressure,

permits with the

supply

during oxygen either

normal supply the

conditions line check

oxygen

supply loss

in reserve. in the fail.

valves

prevent oXy-

+_e total gen pressure

of oxygen, s_ply systeas

event

primary

or secondary

COOLD
During normal orbital flight, the enviromnental system cooling circuit

furnishes the cabin and the suit circuit with provisions for independently controlling under oxygen the cabin and suit fran circuit temperatures. tanks to the Water cabin is supplied, suit

pressure_

water

coolant

and

circuit heat exchangers.

The water absorbs heat frnm the cabin and suit

circuit oxygen which causes the water to evaporate.

4-8

"_M_ONNELL

SEDR 104

The cooling circuit basically consists of two water tanks, cabin and suit temperature control valves and heat exchangers. control valves are located on the right console. Temperature

4-7.

.N_00DPI_S_,II_ _A_mIl_

gZS'I_

A semi-automatic, independently controlle_ system is provided to measure the astronaut's _lood pressure during orbital flight. The Blood

Pressure Measuring System (Figure _-3) activated by the astronaut, records the blood pressure through transducers and amplifiers which is +_en telemetered to tra_Lng stations. _e system essentlall_ consists of an oxy-

gen bottle, controller, pressure regulator, solenoid operated control valves, occluding cuff and m_crophone. Prior to installation of the entrance hatch, the oxygen supply (Figure

4-_) manual shut-off valve is opened allowing an oxygen flow through the
I

regulator to the Fill Valve.

_e

re@.,latoris provided to maintain a Blood

Pressure Measuring System differential pressure of 4 _ psi in reference to Enviromnental Control System suit switch locate_ on the circuit pressure. Depressing the START to

main Instx,_nt Measuring

panel directs electrical power System for 3.10seconds.

activate the Blood Pressure

Activation D_ valve

of the system simultaneously opens the Fill valve an_ closes t_ allowlng the astronaut's suit cuff to _-_late.

A time delay relay con-

4-9

NNEILIL

SEDR 104

TO SUIT EVIRONMENTALCONTROL

MICROPHONE CC RELIEF

YSTEMSUITCIRCUIT BOTTLE

FIXED ORIFICE _

GAGE

I
RESTRICTOR VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR MANUAL SHUT-OFF VALVE SUIT HOSE MANIFOLD WATER SOLENOID VALVE FILL SOLENOID VALVE

FMI8-151

Figure4-3Blood PressureMeasuring System 4-10

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104 MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL

FUSE PANEL

OXYGEN BOTTLE PRESSUR E

+/-

"l"O

LEGEND j I-_:_:!:_:_:::_!_:_ OCCLUDING CUFFPRESSU,RE NOTE

SCHEMATICDEPICTS OPERATIONOF : BLOODPRESSURE MEASURINGSYSTE M ..--

] /

\
_.

w,+. CUPF OCCLOO,NG PRE:SUR,_E_I._

TO SUIT : /i/ f 5\ _"*

RECOVERY
PANEL RELAY HOLD RELAY

.2

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM

,_. aRC0.ELOW /_, _ A,_

/ tf_'_ t SUIT

--

BLOODPRESSURE RESTRICTOR VALVE

CONTROLLER

RELIEF VALVE

/f

110 SECONDS) (ENERGIZEDFOR j + TRANSDUCER

110 SEC.)

FILLVALVE FILLFOR5 SEC.

PRESSURE REGULATOR MANUAL SHUTOFF VALVE PRESSURE GAGE

PACKAGE "D"

TRACKING STATION
TO TAPERECORDER OXYGEN BOTTLE 1100 PSi

FM18-152

Figure

4- 4

Blood Pressure

Measuring

System

Schematic

4-11

_M_ONNIrLL

$EDR 104

rained

within switch

_ is

Recovery depressed

Relay

Panel

actuates to the

five Fill

seconds Valve

after solenoid.

the Pres-

removing

power

sure

in the cuff is dissipated +.t,_'ough the thirty second_.

orifice on into the ECS suit _ne astronaut's blood pressure the controller re-

circuit in approv_atel_

is measured and telemetered by means of a transducer _

cording inflated cuff pressure, and a microphone placed under the cuff sensing pulse sounds. A timer also contained within the controller _e-ener_lzes an electrical power to the

initiate relay at the end of ii0 seconds_ re_ system, therefore op_-_-_ the d_.

valve allowing system pressure to vent

to the Environmental Control System suit circuit. A rest_ictor valve provided at the entrance of the suit circuit permits a pressure flow into the suit circuit an_ a 1_mlted flow in the opposite direction. Zu the event a Blood Pressure Measuring System llne shoul_ fail, A relief valve is provided to If

suit circuit pressure wc_l_ be maintaine_.

dissipate excessive pressure in the event the regulatc_ should fail. the astronaut desires to discontinue the Blood the STOP switch is depressed. ,interrupt in turn rele_ opening in the the _,_ Controller valve to Activatin@ the remov_ discharge

Pressure Measuring cycle, STOP switch energizes an from the system

electrical system

power pressure.

_e

environmental control system is designed to sequentiall_ operate _ the lau_ch_ or_it_ re-entry and post-la_ _he mode in the existing phases

automatieal_ _ of the flight. is de_nt cuit.

_hich the environmental system is operate_ conditic_ within the cabin and suit cir-

_on

4-12

"__ItlNffLL

SEDR 104

During ply hatch are

the

pre-launch serviced. the cabin is

phase

of operations_ air is

the ducted

o_en through

and water the

sup-

fully

Refrigerated and structure removed

spacecraft The cool-

to precool air

duringl

spacecraft supply

pre-flight. of freon

refrigerated ant is directed to the

supply to the

when an external circuit spacecraft heat

cabin

and suit the installed. astronaut suit

exchangers, structure supply to leads the

+h_ou@h the equipshut-

,m_ilical, ment after off suit the valves circuit

continue flight opened

precooling hatch is

ana cabin manual spacecraft (flex hoses) are

The oxygen is connected personal compressor

are

and the the suit.

by attaching pressure

circuit

to

astronaut's

The suit

and cab:In fan

activated at this time.

The suit circuit is purged wlth an external

source of low pressure oxygen applied _h_ou6h the suit circuit purge valve. Yollowlng the purging operation, a sui_ circuit le-_-ge check The spacecraft entrance hatch iS bolted into position and _he suit samples. is During

is performed.

the cabin is then checked for leakage and purged with o_gen. circuit incorporates seconds and freon provisions prior coolant to for obtaining the to the launch purge

oxygen plug

Forty-five disconnected

launch, supply

gr'oun_ umbilical spacecraft ceases.

launch and orbit, the cabin pressure relief valve maintains cabin pressure at appro_m-tely craft launch, the 5.5 differential (cab_--_lent) psi. During space-

suit circuit pressure red, flaVor maintains the suit cir_Ihe suit cirand a C_ such and

cuit pressure approximatel_ equivalent to cabin pressure. cuit oxygen odor absorber. nasal is kept free of contaminants trap hair, removes etc. by a solids foreign trap

The solids excretions,

particles

as food filters

particles_

The C02 and odor

absorber

4-13

_MODONNELL

SEDR 104.

odors circuit

and C_ oxygen

from is

the

circulating from the

oxygen. system

Moisture by a water

from

the

suit The

removed

separator.

pneumaticall_ activated water separator deposits the moisture into a condensate tank. by manually Cabin and suit circuit temperatures are controlled

operated metering valves, that re@ulate the water flow rate

from the water coolant tanks to the cabin and suit circuit heat exchangers. Upon reecho-= altitudes where the saturation temperature of water is lower than the cabin and suit circuit gas temperature, the cabin and suit circuit heat exchangers spacecraft will provide descends door coo1_- S by water to is an altitude eJectea. evaporation. 21,000 on space-

When the feet, the

of aplrro_m-tely (Door is located

snorkel

explosive

craft exterior.)

At an altitude of appro71mAte]_y17,000 + 3000 feet, the

cabin air inlet and outflow valves open barometrically venting the cabin to the atmosphere. Operation of the suit circuit compressor draws out-

side air into +he suit circuit thr_,_h the ejected snorkel door opening, the snorkel valve and the open cabin air inlet valve. through the _e air, circulat_-_=.=

suit circuit, is relieved into the cabin end in turn flows out S4--,Itaneousl_,with the ope-_-_ the system mode of operacontinues cooling to " -

+-hroughthe cabin air outflow valve.

cabin air inlet and outflow valves, the environ_utal tion switches to the mnergency mode., but_ the suit

compressor a greater valve on the

operate. capacity air

Switching for the

tO the emergency astronaut. An inlet

mode provides air snorkel

and an outflow unpressurized into the side cabin

diaphra_n small

flapper pressure

ventilation b,,lkhead,

valve prevent

located water

of the

from

entering

4-14

"_o_Kl_.

SEDR 104

in the _ ment. the

event

the

spacecraft valve, valve snorkel

submerges located

after in the

landing flexible prevents closed.

in water ducting s vacutm Du_=ing the

environbetween to occur

A veeumn relief cabin air inlet the

and suit valve

circuit_ to stay

which

may cause

post-.

landing phase, the astronaut may continue to

operate his suit circuit _ suit circuit com-

compressor to provide suit circuit ventilation.

pressor draws atmospheric air into the suit circuit, through the cabin air inlet valve.

_-9.

CABIN ENVIR0_TAL Operation (Figure _-5), of the after

CO_ROL enviromnental the spacecraft control has system the in the cabin flight mode, pav_

entered

orbital

permits the astronaut to open his helmet faceplate an_ be exposed to cabin sure the enviro_nent. in excess 5.5 psta -The of 5.5 pressure the excessive cabin pressure In the over relief event cabin the Valve relieves tends valve cabin to w_dl decays presexceed open to

psta. (cabin

pressure relief

ambient)_ When the

to relAeve

pressure.

cabin

pressure

5 psla, the cabin pressure control valve will open to maintain approximately 5 psla cabin pressure. circuit, pressure, pressure q_ suit pressure excess oxygen Cabin _-_e-up oxygen flow into the suit will the sense cabin. the the increase the in suit

regulator gas into

and relieve control valve

Routing suit

cabin provides

supply

through

circuit,

a constant purging of the suit circuit.

Cabin l pressure control valve

mainteins ress,,s to 5.1+ p,in. oabin .

During orbital flisht, cabin gas is circulated throughout the cabin mhe by the cabin fan, located at the inlet to the cabin heat exchanger,

4-15

NNELL

SEDR 104
!

PACKAGE

02 PARTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR

WATER FROM TEMPERATURE CONTROLVALVE HEAT "_"

_,._ ,EXCHANGER

CABIN FAN j_

CABIN FAN

OXYGEN TO SUIT CIRCUIT1 CABIN AIR

CONTROLVALVE

_.;,, !
8 BYPASS

i .-C FAN BUS

I I

r-PRESSUEE VALVE

--J'-

"1
TO SUIT tClRCUIT_jl

CAB,N
RELIEF

CABIN OUTFLOW VALVE (OPEN BELOW20s000 FT,)

//L
VALVE

CABIN AIR INLET VALVE

SMALLpRESSURE BULKHEAD

FM18-38A

Figure

4-5

Cabin

Invironmental

Control

System

4-16

_!UO_ONNWA.L

SEDR 104,

cabin _

gas

absorbs is

"the heat

generated

by the

cabin

electronic the

equil_ent

and in turn Water absorbs board

cooled water from

when the coolant the

gas passes

thr_,_

cabin heat exchan&_. heat excha_ then A cabin passes which over-

from the the through heat

tanks gas.

evaporates _e ste_n stem

in the

cabin

produced vent.

the

_av_e

pressure

b-_ead

te_erattu_

control valve_

located on the rlgh_ console_

tS manually

operat, ed by the

astronaut to control oabln rates. In the cabln_ _SS the event of a fire

temperature by contro_-S

coolant water flow

or a bUildUp

of to_c

cC_t_t.--ts_

_thin

the i_e

astronaut may manual_

_ecceq_ressthe cabin by aetuatl_ console. _e

"T" b-_a1_, located on the _

decn:presslon D_r-

handle is connected to the cabin pressure relief valve vlth a cable. I_

decr_.ressloD of the cabIa, the cabin pressure control valve closes Yolloei_ the ext_shing

when the cabin pressure decreases to 4.1 psla. of the fire, c_ the removal of tozic

contaminants, the astronaut may repres"T" handle and actuating the is connected to the cabin

surise _he cabin by closing the D_C_SS 3_ESS "T" handle. _he REPRESS "T" handle

pressm.e control valve wlth a cable. ized _to 5.0 psla_ the

_he_ _ _at

cabin has been rel_eSsurbe manua_._7 _losed. In

REPRESS "T" handle 8ee_resslon, the cabin

event of 8 cabin leakage,

due to a meteorite penetratlc_ or expressure ccatro1 valve io_en _lll flow the close to _ autocabln. ox_sen

cessive cabS_a_icall_ _ Closing at of _

approxi_te_7 cab:Inpressure

I_. 1 psta control

and prevent valve

reserves

remslnlng

supply for the suit envlro==ental control circuit, enablln_ the astronaut to continue the =lssic_.

4-17

__m/.L

SEDR 104

Prior plate at sure is

to

re-entry, During 5 psia

the

astronaut

should descent, At 27,000

assure ceb4_ feet

that

his

helot is the

face-

closed.

spacecraft pressure.

pressure altitude

maintained cabin pres-

appr_mAtely

relief valve opens allowing atmospheric air to enter the cabin and When

equalize capsule internal and external pressures within 10-15 _0.

the spacecraft reaches 17_000 + 3,000 feet altitude, the cabin air inlet an_ outflow valves open providlng outsl_e alr ventilation for the suit circuit. Suit circuit air is then vented air to the cabin and out through

the cabin outflow valve.

If the cabin

_-_et and outflow valves fall

to open at 17,000 + 3,000 feet altltude, the astronaut sho_L1_actuate the SaO_. pull ring to open the valws. A snorkel valve, provided on the flapper ventilation

inlet alde of the cabin air 1-1et valve and a di_hra_ valve provided on the outlet side of the cabin water from entering _e cabin when the spacecraft air

outflow valve, prevent lands in the water.

A cabin pressure indicator and cabin temperature indicator are provided on the m._, _-_r_sent panel. An alternate method of determining

altitude Is incorporated in conjunction with the cabin pressure indicator. A placard provides with altitude m-_-_s to mounted cabin over the cabin pressure the indicator altimeter

a direct

reference

pressure

in the

event

should fail.

A partial pressure sensor located below the correlation clock

is utilised to measure the ex_gen content circulating throughout the cabin. Pressure measured by the sensor is tran-=_tted main instrument to an indicator panel. _-_ked

"PARTIAL PRESSURE" located

on the

-1o.
The suit from the

c maOT
environmental control system o_gen circuit_ supp_7,
4-18

Figure _brough

_-6, the

is

supplied pressure

oxygen

envtro_Autal

suit

_MCDON_IELI.

SEDR 104.

regulator and the cabin pressure control valve.

During the launch and

re-entry phases, when the astronaut's helmet faceplate is closed, the suit pressure re_,1_tor utilizes cabin pressure as a reference to control the suit circuit pressure. While operating in the suit environmental'con-

trol mode, (helmet faceplatc closed), oxygen from the suit pressure reguIstor enters the suit circuit and is recirculated through the suit compressor, CO2 and odor absorber, suit heat exchanger, water separator, astronaut's pressure suit, and the suit circuit solids trap. The suit pressure

regulator will maintain the suit circuit pressure within 2.5 to 3.5 inches walter of cabin pressure.

The suit circuit incorporates two compressors installed parallel to each other. During normal suit circuit operation the #i suit compressor A differential pressure switch In

circulates throughout the suit circuit.

is vented to the inlet and outlet ducting of the _I suit compressor.

the event the #I suit compressor malfunctions, the differential switch senses the loss of pressure across the _i suit compressor, and in turn directs power to operate the _2 suit compressor. A SUIT FAN switch is

provided on the main instrument panel, to enable selection of either compressor. Oxyaen flowing from the c_ressors absorber. passes through the CO2 and odor

The absorber is divided into individual sections that contain

activated charcoal and lithium hydroxide r_mov_n_ Odors and carbon dioxide from the o_aen. Filters, incorporated in the absorber retains char-

coal and lithiu_ hydroxide dust.

4-20

MODONNELL.

SEDR

104

Suit circuit temperature, controlled by a suit heat exchanger, removes

_f

heat fran the suit circuit oxygen flowing through the heat exchanger. Waterflow to the heat exchanger is contro!1_d by a suit temperature control valve, located on the right console. A water separator containing a sponge, collects moisture fr_n the suit circuit o_gen flowing thro,_h the separator. At timed intervals,

the sponge is pne_natically compressed an_ water contalne_ within the sponge is transferred into a condensate storage tank. A sponge position As

indicator is attached to the piston hous4ng of the water separator.

the water separator piston is in motion, the "PARTIAL" sponge position indicator light ill,-,_nates. _oth "PAR_.AL" _ ill,_Inate upon c_letion and "FULL" indicator lights As the piston returns A sponge

of piston upward travel.

to its original position, both indicator lights extinguish.

squeeze switch located on the main instrument panel is provide_ to actuate the water separator prior to the normal progr_d sequence of operations.

Suit pressure and temperature sensors, located in the suit circuit, transmit suit circuit pressure and temperature to the _JlT ENVIROm_T indicator. The

The dual faced SUIT ENVIROI_E_T indicator is located on the main panel. content of 002 in the suit circuit is measured by means of a calibrated partial pressure sensor. Pressure measured by the sensor is transmitted

to an indicator marke_ "PARTIAL PRESSURE" located on the main instrument panel.

f

An indication of excess C_2 in the suit circuit, detected by t_ the

CO2 partial pressure sensor, directs electrical power to ill,_nate "002 PRESSURE" warning light and operate a tone generator.

During the pre-launch phase, the suit circuit is purged with oxygen from an external low pressure source. 4-21 Suit heat ex_b-_er is a_,o sup-

_ONNELL

SEDR

104

plied with a freon coolant, frcm an external ground supply, to provide suit circuit cooling. The suit circuit oxygen circ-lates _h_O,_b_ During spacecraft

the suit circuit, during the suit mode operation.

flight, the pressure within the suit circuit is autc_atically maintained at approximately 5 psia by the pressure regulator. During the descant

phase, the 21,000 feet barostats actuate to cause 2_V d-c electrical power to energize the inlet air door relay. Energizing the inlet air

door relay directs power to ignite an explosive squib, which in turn ejects the snorkel explosive door. ior. ) (Door is located on spacecraft exter-

On descending to an altitude of 17,000 + 3,000 feet, the cabin air _he suit compressor draws

inlet and outflow valves open barometrically.

atmospheric air into the suit circuit through the ejected snorkel door opening, the snorkel valve and the open cabin air inlet valve. In the

event the cabin air inlet Rnd outflow valves fail to open, the astronaut may manually open the valves by actuating the SNORKEL pull ring, located on the left console. Opening of the cabin air inlet valve automatically

switches the envircmmental system mode of operatic_ to the emergency mode, but the suit circuit c_..A.ressorontinues to operate to provide suit circ cuit ventilation. Also, opening of the cabin air inlet valve directs

electrical power to close the suit circuit shutoff valve, which in tu_:_ mechanically opens the emergency oxygen rate valve. The emergency air

inlet door relay is energized which in turn directs electrical power to ignite the snorkel explosive door squib and eject the snorkel explosive door. (This provision insures the ejection of the snorkel explosive door, Air circulating

in the event the door fails to eject at 21,000 feet.)

4:22

_MCDONNffLL

SEDR

104

through the suit circuit is vented through the suit pressure regulator to the cabin, and in turn is vented out of the spacecraft through the cabin outflow valve. In the event the spacecraft submerges momentarily

following e water land_nS, the ball float in the cabin air inlet valve and the diaphra6m flapPer valve in the cabin air outflow valve will seat. Seating of_the valves (snorkel and flapper), prevents water from entering into the suit circ_ti_and cabin, through the open cabin air inlet and outflow valves. Operatic_ of the suit circuit compressor with the snorkel

valve closed will create a vacuum in the flexible ducting, located between the cabin air inlet valve and suit circuit. The vacuum relief valve,

located in the flexible ducting, will oPen when the pressure differential between the cabin and flexible ducting is 10-15 inches of water. Opening

of the vacuum relief valve reduces the vacuum to Permit the air inlet snorkel valve ball float to unseat if the snorkel valve is above the water _n_s action in turn allows outside air to enter into the suit circuit for ventilation. During spacecraft submersion, cabin air enterlng the open

vacuum relief valve provides suit circuit ventilation.

The suit emergency control, Figure 4-7, is provided to insure +._ astronaut's survival in the event the cabin and suit environmental control circuits m-lfunction. Operation in the emergency mode basically

consists of opening the emergency oxygen rate valve, to supply oxygen at approximately .05 Ibs/min and closing of the suit circuit shutoff valve. II1,_uation handle to _ of the 02 EMERG light an_ the mo_-_ut of the EMERG 02 rate

position_ indicates emergency mode of operation.

4-23


When operating in the normal mode, (See Figure 4-6), during normal orbital flight, the emergency oxygen rate valve is closed, the suit circuit shutoff valve is open, suit compressors are operative, and the suit circuit pressure regulator is controlling oxygen flow to the suit circuit. The emergency oxygen rate valve remains closed as long as suit circuit pressure remains at approximately 5 psia, pressure. In the event the

suit circuit pressure drops to 4.0 + "i paid, the rate valve internal .3 aneroid extends, to offseat a poppet, and allows oxygen from the oxygen supply to flow through +_-_he rate valve and into the suit circuit. _e

extension of the rate valve aneroid, due to low pressure, actuates a 14m4t switch that provides electrical power to energize the suit circuit shutoff valve solenoid and the suit fan cut-off relay, illuminate the 02 _ERG light, an_ operate a tone generator. Energizing the suit fan cut-

off relay removes the IISV a-c electrical power to operate the suit circuit compressor. (At an altitude of 17,000 + 3,000 feet, the cabin air Opening of the cabin air inlet relay de-energizes _he de-energized suit fan cutoff relay routes If the _I suit circuit compressor

inlet relay will open.

the suit fan cutoff relay.

power to the _i suit circuit compressor.

fails to operate within 12 seconds, the suit fan selector relay will energize and allow power to be directed to the suit fen cutoff relay and then on to the _ suit circuit compressor.) Energizing the shutoff valve

solenoid releases the shutoff valve shaft arm, and mechanically moves the _ 02 handle, right console, to the _ position. Movement of

4-25

_N_mA.L

. SEDR 104

the valve

_ to

02 h_dle the

_echanicall_

actuates With the

the

_nergency oxygen

oxygen rate

rate open

open positi_.

_rgency

valve

and the suit circuit shutoff valve closed, o_gen

from the oxygen supply

flows into the pressure suit and is discharged through the suit pressure re_,lator relief valve.

Actuating the EMERG 02 b-ndle to the NORM position resets the shutoff valve to the open position, the emergency oxygen rate valve to the

close position, starts suit compressor operation, extinguishes the 02 light, and in turn switches the suit circuit operation to the suit norm-i control mode. _e emergency mode is also automatically selected during spacecraft

!Anding phase, when the spacecraft has descended to an altitude of 17,000 feet. At 17,000 feet the cabin air _nlet valve opens. Opening of the

cabin air inlet valve actuates a 1_m_t switch that provides electrical power to operate the suit circuit co_ressor which in turn mechanlcal_ and close the shutoff valve, Au

opens the emergency oxygen ra_e valve.

inlet power switch, located on the main instr_aent panel allows operation in the suit environmental control mode in the event the cabin air inlet valve prematurely opens (See Figure _-6). Premature Openln@ of the cabin

air inlet valve deactivates the cabin fan and closes the suit circuit shutoff valve which in turn opens the emergency ox_Een rate valve. suit circuit is now operating in the emergency mode. The

To initiate tran-

sition back to the suit mode, the inlet power switch is placed in the BY-PASS position. With the inlet power switch in the BY-PASS position,

the cabin fan is activate_ (See Figure _-5) and the suit circuit shutoff valve is deactivated. _ E_R@ 02 h_la
4-26

right han_ console, is now

MODONNfLL

SEDR 104

placed in the NOF_ position; placing of the _ERG

02 handle to the NORM

position opens the suit circuit shutoff valve ana closes the emergency oxygen rate valve. The environmental control system is now operating To prevent snorkel door separa-

in the suit environmental control mode.

tion upon premature opening of the cabin air inlet valve, the emergency inlet air door relay is intercc_uected to the relay during descent. antenna fairing separation

After opening of tb_ cabin air inlet and outflow position.

valves, the inlet power switch is placed in the N01_L

4-12.

OX_G_

SUPPLY

Durin_ the pre-launch phase and prior to installation of the entrance hatch, primary and secondary oxygen system shutoff valves are manually opened, by ground crewmen, to activate the oxygen supply. Opening of the

shutoff valves 3 Figure 4-8, provides oxygen to the cabin pressure control valve, suit pressure regulator, suit e_-_rgencyoxygen rate valve end the suit circuit water separator solenoid valve. During operation, when the prim__v_oxygen bottle pressure drops below approximately 200 psig, due to near depletion of the primary oxygen supply; the secondary oxygen supply line pressure will override the primary oxygen pressure and continue to supply the environmental system with oxygen. Audible en_ visual means ere provide_ on the Main Instrument Panel to warn the astronaut of a dlm_nlshing oxygen supply. decreases
/

As the secondary 02 supply pressure generator. is transducer A quantity to inai-

to the

6500

psi_

the

secondary

o_gen and the

supply tone

activates indicator

"02 QUAI_XTY" telalight located on the

gage,

main instrument

panel_

provided

4-27

"_ONNELL

SEDR 104
PRESSURE SUIT

C,RCO,T,
FLOW GROUND TEST SHUT-OFFVALVE CABIN PRESSURE CONTROL VAWE 2,4.V D-C __ TO WATER SEPARATOR SUIT PRESSURE REGULATOR WATER SEPARATOR SOLENOID VALVE =1 24V D-C

CIRCU,T
FLOW

EMER_ OXYGEN RATE VALVE

PRESSURE REDUCER

MANUAL SHUT-OFF

REDUCER PSIG)

CHECK VALVE MANUAL SHUT-OFF VALVE {7500-100PSIG) SERVICE VALVE

CHECKVALVE

WARNING LIGHTS SWITCH DIM BUS 1 CrtX/"J_ 24V DC BRIG HT

SERVICE VALVE

I|' _ou,_ T BLIGHT SIGNAL LIGHTS TEST EL SWITCH i _

REDUCER

BUS

/_24VDC

_
PRESSURE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

TONE 0

JI

BUS

TONE GEN_ATOR SWIT,_H

_A__

24V DC BUS

NOTE SCHEMATICDEPICTSOXYGEN SUPPLYACTIVATED WITH PRIMARY OXYGEN SUPPLYBEING UTILIZED AND SECONDARY OXYGEN SUPPLYIN RESERVE.

INSTRUMENT PACKAGE"A"

OXYGEN SUPPLY QUANTITY INDICATOR (MAIN PANI_L)

FMI8-27A

Figure

4-8 Primary

and Secondary

Oxygen

Supply

4-28

"__NNfflA.t,

SEDR 104

care remaining oxygen supply.

Two transducers, primary and secondary

supply, are provided to enable telemetering of oxygen quantity remaining.

-13. coo o
During pre-launch, cabin and suit circuit cooling, (Figure 4-9) is connector and

achieved by supplying freon (F-II4) through the ,_ilical into the cabin and suit heat exchangers. the

_he freon coolant evaporates in

cabin and suit heat exchangers and is discharged overboard _h_'ough the

environmental system steam vents, located in the 1,_ge pressure bulkhead. Prior to launching, the freon coolant supply is discont4n_ted. When the spacecraft reaches appro_-_tely 115,000 feet altitude, cabin and suit

circuit cooling is achieved by water evaporation, that occurs within the suit and cabin heat exchangers. Water from the water coolant tanks is supplied through control valves, to the suit and cabin heat exchangers. the temperature the 0xTgen

Oxygen, _

suit circuit is utilized to pressurize both water coolant tanks.

pressure moving each tank diaphra_a, forces the water supply out of the tanks at a rate dependent upon the position of the temperature control valves. _ne temperature control valves control the amount of water entering

the heat exchangers, and in turn controls cabin and suit temperatures. _-e steam flows out +_ou6h the steam vents, located in the 1-_ge pressure

b,,1_head. A dual faced heat exchanger temperature indicator, and warning light is provided on the main instrmaent panel to inaicate temperature conAn excessive amount of

aitions in the cabin and suit heat exchangers.

water flowing through the cooling circuit is detected by sensors attached

4-29

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

PACKAGE "A" HEAT EXCHANGER SENSOR TEMPERATURE DOME TEMPERATURE SENSOR INDICATOR

L[GHT TEST SW[TCH EXCESS

HZO

24V D-C TONE GENERATOR

/
_

TELELIGHT (MAIN PANEL)

I_ SWITCH

'll OFF

BRT *_ _'ARNING LIGHT SWITCH 24V D-C

TO PRESSURESUIT

SWITCH NO.

SUIT j CIRCUIT FLOW

SENSOR TEMPERATURE SELECTOR

WATER COOLANT TAN KS

CABIN TEMPERATURE CONTROL VALVE

SUIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL VALVE

ORIFICE

FREON CHECK VALVE CABIN DOME SENSORS HEAl ::_ ::i CABIN

INVERTER COOLING DUCTS

FREON CHECK VALVE EXCHANGER'

EXCHANOERii /r

DOME

SO,T HEAT
CIRCUIT I
FLOW ' HEAT TQ PRESSURE SUIT

SENSORS

OUTLET SENSOR .

EXCHANGER:_, =V.A.2SOV.A. '50V.A.

_J,L

CABIN Cr_N

115V D-C LI1H

MAIN INVERTER

STBY INVERTER

MAIN INVERTER

EXCHANGER:

,NOTE
SCHEMATIC DEPICTS COOLING ING NORMAL CAPSULE FLIGHT CIRCUIT OPERATION DUR-

L_,RGE PRESSUREJ BULKHEAD

CAPSULE

(FREON SUPPLIED DURING GROUND OPERATION ONLY) _ _i .................. OXYGEN FLOW PMIS-14AGB

SUIT CIRCUIT FLOW

Figure 4-9 Cooling Circuit

4-30

MCDONNELL.

SEDR 104

to the cabin and suit heat exchangers directing electrical power to F ill_.Inate the "EXCESS _0" generator. warning light and also operate the tone

The astronaut must then position the cabin or suit tem-

perature control valve to a warmer setting to prevent wasting coolan_ and to achieve efficient operation of the heat exchanger.

tt..l_.PRIMARY AIEDSECOI_DARYOXYGEN BOTTLES The primary and secondary spherical shaped oxygen bottles are located beneath the astronaut's support couch adjacent to the spacecraft conical section and large pressure bulkhead. Each bottle has a capacity

of 4 pounds oxygen, stored unaer a 7500 psig pressure at 70F t_.Terature.

/

Servicing of the ax_gen bottles is accomplished thr_h filler coupling.

a quick disconnect

4-16.

SUIT CIRCUIT PRESSURE REGULATOR _e suit circuit pressure regulator, Figure _-i0, is provided to regu-

late oxygen pressure to the suit circuit an_ to replenish suit circuit oxygen consume_ by the astronaut, or lost through leakage. The regulator

is a d_mand type diaphragm operated regulator that controls suit circuit pressure in reference to cabin pressure. Suit circuit pressure is main-

rained approximately 2.5 - 3.5 inches of water below cabin pressure during normal system operation, under ideal (no cabin leakage) conditions. Cabin

pressure is sense_ on the upper side of the regulator control diaphragm and

4-31

_ONNELL

SEDR 104

/ / ! t

\.

-\

SUIT PRESSURE REGULATOR

CABIN VENT PORT

CONTROL_

_.

j ....

"

OXYGEN

PORT

RELIEF -/ DIAPHRAGM

FMI8-25A

Figure 4-I0Suit Pressureegulator R

4-32

_M_CDOItlNELL

SEDR104

suit circuit pressure is sensed on the lower si_e of the diaphragm. ..... _he regulator also contains a resilient type diaphragm +.hAtis use_ tO relieve excessive suit circuit pressures. vtdea to shut off cabin vent port of regulator Two aneroids are proin the event cabin

pressure _ecreases below _.6 + .2 psia.

In the event of cabin leak-

age_ not deoreas:Lug below _.0 +_:21pala I the cabin pressure control valve will open to replenish cabin pressure to 5.i + .2 psia. .i Make

up oxygen from the cabin pressure control valve will flow _hrongh the suit circuit and OUt t.hro,,_h and into the cabin. the suit pressure re_,!Atc_ relief valve

At this time, suit circuit pressures will exccc:1

cabin pressures aue to pressure differential (suit above cabin) re_,,_ed to open the suit circuit pressure regulator relief valve. _ing relief dia_ normal ascent, cabin pressure decreases, and the regulator relieves WAit circuit pressure to within 2 - 9 inches During normal orbital flight, the control dia-

H20 above cabin pressure. phra_ sure. a poppet 3.5 inches

will regulate suit circuit pressure in relationship to cabin presAn increase valve in cabin pressure will act on the diaphra_ to unseat 2.5 decabin to pres-

and allow

suit circuit pressure cabin pressure. the aneroids In the will bleed

to increase to event extend ports cabin

within

of H20 below _.6

pressure off

creases vent surize pressure to insure

below port

+ .2 psia,

an_ close oz_en

of regulator.

Two 60 co/rain

provide

the reference ch--_ers ana permit the regulation of suit circuit to 4.6 + .2 psia. in the Two anerotds event either an_ two bleed ports aneroi_ or either are bleed provaed port

redundancy function.

fails to

Descent operation of the regulator is the stoneas an

increase in cabin pressure during noa_ml orbital flight. 4-33

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

4-17.

CIRUT
q_e suit oxygen ever valve, tion flow the suit circuit to the circuit loaded normal shutoff suit valve, Figure circuit in the position, operation. 4-11, is designed to shut off when-

environmental i;s operating

accessory

components, be

emergency is

mo_e.

shutoff open posiin the the valve

spring during

to suit

the

close

latched is

in the maintained

circuit

Valve

open position by a solenoid controlled detent pin engaged into spoon arm.

A mlcroswlt,-_,depressed by the valve arm, completes the valve is latches open. Opening of either the

solenoid circuit when _ emergency o_gen

rote walve or the cabin

air inlet valve directs an elecEnergizing the

trical signal to energi:_ the shutoff valve solenoid.

solenoid retracts the detent pin and allows the valve spring to rotate the valve spoon to the ,:loseposition. inter-connectlng l_ka_._. the EMER02 control valve is hau(tle, interconnected rata valve Closing of the valve, %_,_h an

The shutoff valve is mechanically opened by locate_ to closes, on the the right-hand rata valve console. _he

shutoff when the

emergency the shutoff

valve, so that opens.

emergency

-18.

oxY
_he emergency o_gen rata valve, Figure I_-12,is provided to supply

a re_,IAtad mnount of cc_Een directly into the astronaut's pressure suit, in the event malfuncti_l occurs in the suit circuit operation. valve is designed to OlX_.reteut_tieally a manual operation, q'ne_mlve, closed _uri_ _e rata

an_ contains provisions for nc_ml suit circuit operation, Whenever suit cir-

contains an aneroid that senses suit circuit pressure.

4-34

_MCDONIOIELL

SEDR 104

SUIT CIRCUIT SHUTOFF VALVE

/f--

DENT PIN VALVE SPOON ARM

.ADJUSTMENT MICROSWITCH (NORMALLY CLOSED) (CLOSED POSITION)

HOUSING VALVE SPRIN(

.SVALVE SPOON

FM18-29

Figure

4-11 Suit

Circuit

Shutoff

Valve

4-35

lUNELL

SEDR 104

,<:_ k_"k,
/ _ , \ l/ If s! "-.,_ i / !

\ /./_/;;"_L? b_\ i "_.

IEMERGENCY 0 2 RATE VALVE

DIAPHRAGM CHAMBER

OXYGEN SUPPLY

TO SUITCIRCUIT

INLET DUCT _1

-,_{iL//dl_-.\'_'.<_-.\\\\\\\\_-k-_-_

/-

s_nuA cCONTROL

o,,--"1_:7. ', ; ;
ANEROI_ __

k./.<_, .--- ----7_ sv,,,_. ,o, __co,,,o,

L2"

FM18-24

Figure 4-12 Emergency 4-36

O2Rate Valve

_M_ODOI_IN|LL

SEDR 104

cuit pressure drops below _.0 + .l psia, the aneroid extends to offseat a - .3 _spring loaded poppet and allow oxygen to enter the diaphragm ch-m_er.

The pressure in the diaphra_

ehAm_er increases and f_11y strokes the

poppet, allowing oxygen to flow into the astronaut's suit at a fixed flow of .0_9 to .051 #/mln. Simultaneously with the offseating of the

poppet, e control switch is actuated throu_

a lever mechanism, and di-

recta electrical power to close the suit circuit shutoff valve, ili,_Ihate the 02 EMERG li@ht, and stop suit circuit compressor operation during orbital flight. Suit circuit shutoff valve is interconnected with emer_herefore, closing of the shutoff valve actuates

gency oxygen rate valve. the emergency c_Een

f

rate valve manual control shaft to close off oxygen O_gen then flows directly into suit circuit

flow to valve poppet _nlet.

through the valve aneroid e_Am_er. _gency oxygen rate valve may be opened m-nually by selecting Whenever the _ 02 cantrol

position with EMER3 02 control h_ndle.

handle is moved to NORM, the suit circuit shutoff valve opens and emergency oxygen rate valve closes.

1_-19.

CIRCUIT COMPRESSORS _he suit circuit enviro.._entalcontrol system utilizes two electric

motor driven, single-stage, centrifugal compressors (See Figure 4-6). One c_.nressor is a standby compressor used in the event of normal compressor failure.
/f

If The normal co,_ressor fails, the standby compressor which directs power to the

is activated by a pressure differential switch standby compressor electrical connections.

_he only time the suit com-

pressor is inoperative is during orbital flight when the astronaut is

4-37

_M_NItI|LL

SEDR 104

utilizing oxygen from tl_eA-_rgency oxygen rate valve.

When supple-

mentary oxygen from the e_ergency oxygen rate valve is being used below 20,000 feet, the _suitcircuit compressor will continue to operate to circulate ambient ai:to She astronaut.

4-20. C02 AND ODOR _ER

The C02 an_ o_or ab;gorber,Figure 4-13, is provided to remove astronaut emitted odors and ,-arbondioxide from the suit circuit. is basically a ,-_talcannister dlvide_ into two sections. The absorber

_he inlet sec-

tion contains activated charcoal that r__m_oves obJectlonal odors from the suit circuit oxygen. moves carbon dioxide. T.ithiumhydroxide, locate(1in the center sections re!_e outlet section is an e_t filter, provided to

retain lithium hydroxide in the cannister. droxide granules are ca_resse4

_he charcoal and lithium hy_he useful life of

by a spring force.

the C02 and odor absorber is forty-four hours.

4-21.

SUIT CIRCUIT _E_T EXCHanGER The suit circuit heat exchanger (Figure 4-14) is of a plate fin construction with rect_isr offset fins, double _lwlch, one pass on The

the oxygen side and two pass, single sandwich on the water side. function of the heat ex,'_er out the suit circuit.

is to cool the gases circulating +_rough-

1_aterfrom the water cooling tanks is routed to

the inlet side of the heat exchanger which contains a high density woven felt pad. _ough The function of the felt pad is to evenly distribute the water As water passes throu@h the felt

the core of the heat exchanger.

padj it comes into contact with the heat tra-afer surfaces on the water

4-38

.m4CDONNELL

SEDR

]04

HEAT EXCHANGER CO 2 AND ODO TO SUIT CH_CUIT

SPRING FROM SUIT Ch_CUIT COMPI_SSOR LITHIUM HYDROXIDE

FMI8-23

Figure 4-13CO 2and Odor Absorber 4-39

NNELL

SEDR 104

/ ! \
\

SUIT HEAT EXCHANGER

SECTION SHOWING

OPERATION

FMI8-22

Figure 4-14 Suit Heat Exchanger

4-40

MCJDg_NNELL

$EDR 104..

aide f vented

of the

heat

exchanger.

The water

evaporates

and the

steam

is

overboard.

_..22.

WATER _ARATOR _he water separator, Figure _-15, is provided to re_ve condensate

from the suit circuit oxygen. lects liquid frnm the oxygen

The separator _ontains a sponge that colthrough it. The liquids are squeezed

passing

from the sponge and deposited into a storage tank. for a duration of 30 seconcls, the spacecraft progra_r

Once every 30 minutes, supplies electrical

power to energize the water separator solenoid valve.

Energizing the nor-

reallyclosed solenoid valve opens the valve and directs c_ygen from either the primary or secc_y supply to the pistan stem ana the piston plate panel,

chambers. is provided

A sponge squeeze switch, located on the main inset to permlt actuation at a_y time.

_he piston raises the sponge out compresses out of the the sponge is against forced the into

of the suit circuit oxygen flow and housing tR--k. valve plate. Water squeezed separator Oxygen besolenoid the

separator the c_densate

sponge is

The water closes. +he separator valve,

solenola low the valve.

valve separator Ox_en

de-energizea pisto_ is

and the vented to

solenoi_ cabin

through

above

the

piston,

entrapped

by a check

forces

piston down, thus returning the sponge into suit circuit oxygen flow. During squeez_
/

operation, suit circuit oxygen flow will not be affected, area normally occupied by the sponge.

as oxygen will continue to flow +_ougb A sponge position 1_cator

is attached to the base of the water separator.

"PARTIAL" and "I_JLL"travel indicator lights used in co, unction with the

4-41

_MODONI_IELL

SEDR 104,

-CHECK VALVEI

FROM SUiT

__)

C'_:U'T

TO CONDENSATE

__

TANK

_l

SPONGE

MAGNETS_

OXYGEN SUPPLY INDICATOR LIGHTSWITCH NDICATOR LIGHTSWITCH

PISTON _ CHECK_LVF

WATER SEPARATOR
iNDICATOR r-VENT] SOLENOID =_ j_ /

4 WATER SEPARATOR SOLENOID VALVE

FROMOXYGEN SUPPLY[

,FM18-28JA_

]_gure 4-15 Water Separator

4-42

"_ONNma.i.

SEDR 104.

position indlcator_ are loea_=a c_ the Main Instrument Panel,

Both

"PARTIAL" ana "FULL" indicator lights il1,_-_ate upon completion of piston upward travel. As the piston returns to its original posltlc_

both indicator lights extinguish.

4-23.

SOT.TnSTRAP The suit circuit solids trap, Figure 4-16, is located in the pilot's suit oxygen outlet duct. _he trap consists of a _0 m_cron mesh screen

filter which incorporates an integral bypass to insure operation in *_ event the trap would becu_e choked with collected solids.

4-24.

CABIN _R_T EXCHANGER The cabin heat exchanser (Figure 4-17), cools the cabin gas in the same marine. as the suit circuit heat exchanger. _ the ssme as the suit circuit heat exchanger. Internal structure is

4-25.

WATER C00_

TARES

Two water coolant tanks, (Figure 4-18), are provide_ in the environmental control system. _he larger of the two water tanks, located directly The second

below _e astronaut's couch, contains forty pounds of water.

tank containing nine pounds of water is located to the right of the astronaut's right knee. Water is displaced from each tank by oxygen from the

suit circuit acting upon the gas side of a rubber bladder which separates the coolant water from gas. Water is d_rected to two manual control valves

which control the water supply to the suit circuit and cabin heat exchangers. The larger water tank also provides the astronaut with a source of dr_-k4-_ water.

4-43

_NELt.

__.f_.SEDR

104_ .!

PRIMARY FLOW ---SECONDARY FLOW

1_XYGEN

BY PASS VALVE -

SCREEN FILTER ASSY.

ro SUIT CIRCUIT

TRAP

FMI8-21

Figure 4-16 Suit Circuit Solids Trap

4-44

IrlIICDONNELI.

SEDR

104

CABIN

INVERTER COOLING DUCT

LINE

COOLING DUCT

EXCHANGER

II _'. , CAPSULE, VERTICAL ! WEBI

i _'_'

CABIN FAN

ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR FMIS-20

Figure 4-17 Cabin Heat Exchanger and Fan

4-45

_MCDONNLL

SEDR 104

,/

BLADDER

_TANK

NLET-WATER OUt LE'[

BLADDEF

PRESSURE INLET

TO POSITION

UNDERNEATH

ABORT HANDLE

(ASTRONAUT DRINKING

WATER)

WATER OUTLET

FMI8-19

Figure 4-18 Water Tank_ 4-46

,_O_NNBtJ.

SEDR 104

k,-26.

CABIN PRES,_JI_C(_J_OL VALVE

_he cabin pressure cabin pressure that control valve, Figure 4-19, valve is provided contains to maintain

to 5. i + .3 psia.

The control

two aneroid_ 5. I + .3

sense cabin pressure.

Whenever

cabin pressure

drops below

psia, the anerolaspartially expand an_ ,reseat the spring loaded metering
pins, which pressure in turn permit oxygen to flow into the suit circuit. in pressure, and relieves The suit suit cir-

regulator

senses the increase Directing

cuit gas to the cabin. provides constant

oxygen

flow through When cabin

the suit circuit pressure increases

purging

of suit circuit. contract, In the

to 5. i + .3 psia the aneroids and shut Of_f t_h_ oxygen whenever pand cabin pressure flow.

allowing

the metering

pins to seat

drops below

event of cabin dec_npression, or + .2 4.0 . .I psia, the aneroids i_111y exThis stops oxygen flow and reserves are profails. Actin the 1_,. to

and seat against oxygen

the inlet supply

port.

the re_aining vided

for the suit circuit. operation in the event cabin

Two sneroids that

in the valve to insure control

one aneroid

A manual uation valve b_n_le

is also provided "T" handle

to enable offseats

repressurlzation. loaded poppet REPRESS

of the

REPRESS c_gen

a spring

and allows Rhould

to flow directly

into the cabin. cabin

then be pushed flow.

in, following

repressurization,

stop repressurization

_;-27. CABXN PRESSURE l_-'7.'rg_ V._Vg

The cabin pressure cabin pressure entry relative relief valve, Figure _-20, during aut_Atically launch, landing, relieves re-

to _-hient

pressure

orbit,

and landing

phases.

In the event

of a water

the valve

4-47

_MCDONNELL

!SEDR 104

CABIN PRESSURECONTROL VALVE

TO SUIT J_ CIRCUIT

I FROM OXYGEN i SUPPLY

iSPRIN(

ro SUIT CIRCUIT

FM18,-18

Figure 4-19 Cabin Pressure Control Valve 4-48

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

CABIN PRESSURE RELIEFVALVE

AMBIENT SENSING $Et, ISINC

CALIBRATED SPRING

CHAMBER

METERINGVALVE CABIN AIR FILTER CHAMBER ABIN CHAMBER DIAPHRAGM CABIN DiAPHRAM CHAMBER AMBIENT PORT _ CONTROL ARM

ORIFICE )RIFICE

POPPET VALVE CONTROL SECTION

KVALVE

z
\ DIAPHRAGM CARIN _ CABIN AMBIENT .... POppET VALV SCREEN FM18-17 VALVE

Figure 4-20 CabinPressure Relief Valve

4-49

M_O_NNE"

"

SEDR104

incorporates provisions to keep water from entering the cabin. valve also features me_s for manually decompressing the cabin.

The _ae

cabin pressure relief valve consists of a calibrated spring control section and a poppet valve control section. The calibrated spring se-

control section incorporates A-_ient and cabin sensing ch-_ers parated by a sensing diaphragm,

spring loadea metering valves and cali-

brete_ springs.

The p_pet

valve conf_ol ch_-_e_ incorporates a manual poppet stem orifices_ spring loaded poppet and poppet chambers.

control arm, check valve, valves, poppet _Am_er

_kiaphragms

During launch, the cabin pressure relief valve will relieve cabin pressure to ma_ntaln a ]_ressuredifferential (cabl_._ient) of 5.5 psia.

Cabin gas will be vented, thro,,_ t___poppet stem orifices, into the poppet valve cb_-_er, air filters, into the pox_, q_in cabin gas will also be vented, through the cabin sensing _ham_er.
seuaIDg

Ambient

gas will

be vented,

via the

m_ient

_,ttOthe Ambient

chamber.

_he callbrate_ in excess of

springs are designed to respond to differential pressures appro_mRtely 5-5 psi (cabin/ambient). ena

When the pressure differential sensing ch-_er exceeds will re-

between the cabin sens_,_ chamber appro_mAtely tract.

s_ient

5.5 psia (_cabi_lent)_

the calibrate_ spr_s

The metering v_es

will then be _ excess of _._ psia to port being 1,_ger than

from their seats, a1_z_ escape %hr_ the poppet the _-_ient stem orifices,

differential pressures _ port. Due to the -_i_tt

the dissipation rate of the excessive differential cabin the poppet valve chsmbers) will exceed the rate of build-up valve _-m_ers. _h_S _11 m_aentarily cause the cabin

pressure (inside in the to poppet be

pressure

4-50

_c_l_mll.a..

SEDR 104.

greater than the poppet valve chamber pressure. sure will act ag_n-t _e sure. poppet valves will

_he greater cabin pres-

the cabin disphra_n, unseating the poppet valves. then aid in relieving excessive dii_erential pres-

If the astronaut e_ecutes a manual aeco_resaion

of the cabin, pressure. cabin

the check valve acts as an exhaust for poppet valve chm_er During pressure orbit, the cabin pressure relief valve 5.5 will psia.

prevent

build-up

in excess

of appro_m_tely

Cabin pressure

in excess of approY_tely mosphere. water greater

5._ psia will be exhausted to the outside at-

Upon re-entry, when the -u_lent pressure becomes 15 inches of _-n cabin pressure, the poppet valves will c_-_ce to open

allowing _,_ient pressttveto enter the cabin. will then be s_m_!a_ to +_ose during launch. makes a vater lan_, exceeds cabin pressure the poppet valves w_1 by 15 inches of _ater.

Valve relieving operations In the event the spacecraft not open until water pressure

4..28. SIlC_T.

DIAPHRAGMFLAPP_

VALVES

The cabin inlet a_

snorkel valve and the cabin ontflow diaphra_n During the _--_ug an_

flapper valve act as water check type valves. post-landi_

phases, (often reaching a pressure altitude of approxithe valves. In

mate1_17,000feet) -m_ient air is clrculatea +_ough

the event the valve parts vere under water, the valves voul_ seat an_ prevent water _n entering the cabin.

_._.

CABIN A_R_ _he cooling cabin for the

VALVE air inlet valve, circuit Figure and cabin _-_1, _uring provides landing ventilation and

suit

an_ post-landin_

4-5]

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

i
/

/
/

7/

CABINAIRIINLET VALVE
LOCKING SPRING

MANUAL CONTROLARM'-_

SPRING

RELEASE STOP

RO SWITCHES

RELEASEINK L

VALVEARM (CLOSED ADJUSTMENT (OPEN)

SPRING VALVE SPOON

BULKHEAD SMALLPRESSURE

AMBIENT TO SUIT _J_ CIRCUIT v_ '_ _ I

_ .

FMI8-16

Figure 4-21 Cabin Air Inlet Valve 4-52

M@DONNRLL

SEDR 104

phases. /

It is a spring loaded close, spoon type valve and is baronetrlPrior to launch, t_ spring loaded valve is manually latched closed pin rides on the large dia-

cally contro_d. so that meter

one mechan_mn

detent

of the aneroid plunger (m_--_

allowable p._1 to set detent pin

in five (5) pounds); and the valve arm is engaged by the release llnk, which the is engaged by the spring loaded aneroid cabin loc_ug pressure, detent _11 pin pin. During the off launch

aneroid

expands

due to

decreasing

and forces then slips

aneroid the

plunger large the

down.

The valve onto

mechanism the plunger

plunger During

dismeter

_ismeter. descends retracts the aneroid to an altitude as cabin plunger presupwhich raises open. the _he

!A-d, ing 17,000

phase,

when tb_

spacecraft the aneroid moves plunger spring. spring

of appro_mately / sure ward, in turn locking increases. engaging

+ S, O00 feet, of the pin against locking

Retraction the detent the

aneroid the pin

larger This londed

di_eter, action to

compresses pin

aneroid link

from release

and allows

valve

valve arm is attached to valve _hmft and moves with closing thereby disengaslng trical _ioro-switches. power Disengagement of m_cro-switches directs elec-

to close the suit circuit shutoff valve, which in turn opens rate valve. A _-,,-_ control arm is provided to en-

the emergency o_en

able waive opening in the

event valve fails to open at specified altitude. me_,_1 cal_, from release contacts the lock_ link, allowing valve Open-

Actuation of the ma_aal control am, pin S spring an_ disengages locking pin

tO open.

The valve must be _s_uall_ reset to the closed position.

ing of the valve enables suit compressor to draw ==_ient air into suit circult to provide sult circuit and cabin ventilation.

4-53

_O_lg/J.

SEDR 104.

cabin air _Atlet valve is basically of the seineconstructlo_ and functions in the s_ne manner as th* cabin air inlet valve.

_-30.

yAC_M

_.r_

VALW

The vacuum relief v_lve, Figure 4-22, is designea to open at a pressure differential of I0 to 25 inches of water, to provide suit circuit ventilation _henever the inlet snor]_elvalve closes (ball float seats). The relief

valve is located in the flexible d_wtlng, between the cabin air inlet valve and the suit circuit i_Let duct. In the event the spacecraft sub_ges snorkel valves ball floats

momentarily, following a water landing, t_

will seat (close) an_ p:ceventwater from entering into the suit cireuit and cabin. The sperati,_ of the suit compressor and the closed air inlet

snorkel valve will crea'_.e vacuum in the suit circuit air inlet duet a (flexible ducting). Wh,m cabin pressure exceeds the flax duct pressure, As the

by i0 - 15 inches of wa'_r, the vacuum relief valve wall open. valve opens, cabin presJmre acting c_ the valve

poppet surface will be

great enough to hold t_: valve open until the pressure differential (between cabin and auct) 1,5apprn_mAtel_ circuit ventilation is ]_rovided by the two inches of water or less. Sult

cabin air, entering the opened

vacuum relief valve, w_:never the inlet snorkel valve ball float is seated (closed). Also, the Ol_mi_ the of the relief valve removes the vacuum in the float to unseat (open) whenever

flex duet to enable the snorkel valve is

snorkel valve b.ll

above water.

4-64

MCDONNELL

SEDB

104

VACUUM

RELIEF VALVE

CFRING L

,_SEAL I

,_--MOUNTING

BOLT

x FLEX BLE DUCT_ _

VALVE DUCT

"

_' ',--i

j,,_9T

FMIE,-15

Figure 4-22 Vacuum Relief Valve 4-55

SECTION
/ f-

STABILIZATION CONTROL SYSTEMS

TABLE TITLE
f

OF

CONTENTS PAGE

Automatic

Stabilization 5-3 5-12 5-20

Control System ............................... System Operation ........................... System Units.. ................................. Reaction Control System _iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii System Description ......................... System Operation ........................... System Units ................................... s _::::: :::: iiiii!!!iiiiii_iii_iiiiiiiiiii_i_iiiii _::iliiii!ii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i_:_: Horizon Scanner System System Description ......................... System Operation ..........................

5-26 5-30 5-38

5-41 5-4 9

5-1

NNELL

SEDR 104

o _, o

o /I( /

/\",
.,'-.

-2-<-. \',/

,,R. _ !_
_ } o z

i
>0 o _ _ --!

jt
...... .

_o

-;.

\.

--

_,
\ \

", \

" "%.<Q.. -//

7
0

_'> ">... "--. ,

/

FM18-125/

Figure

5-1 A.S.C.S. Component

Location

5-2

SEDH 104

V.

_ZABILT_7.ATIONCONTROL SYS'_S

5-L

GE_ERAL
Stabilization of the spacecraft is accumplished by the Aut_ntlc Stabilization Control System in con_unctlon with two sub-syst*m-, the Horizon Scanners --_ the Reactic_ Control System. _-ese systems estab-

lish an_ maintain a stable platform with four basic automatic mo4es; Damper, Orientation, Attitud_ Hold and Re-entry. indication of Few, roll, and pitch attlt_e In addition, a vi_-! _e follo_

is provlde_.

paragraphs describe the individual systems an_ functions involved.

5-2.
5"3.

AUT_TI c ST AB_TZATI_ C_mOL

SYS_ DESCRIPTION

SY_

The Aut_-mtic Stabilization Control System (ASCS) is c_osed

of a

Directional Gyro, Vertical Gyro, .05g accelercmeter switch, Rate Gyros (yaw, roll an_ pitch), and an Amplifier Calibrator Unit. Location of

the individual components within the spacecraft is shown in Figure 5-1. mhree switches are provided in conjunction with the ASCS. NO_ _e SELECT-

switch, FLY-BY-WIRE - AUX DAMP switch and the GYRO CAGE, _-GYRO With __e _SLECT-NORM switch in the NORMposition, stabili-

SLA_E switch.

zation is acc_nplished in a eumpletely automatic m---er, requiring no assistance from the astronaut. With the SELECT-NORM switch in the SELECT

position and the FLY-BY-_r_RE-AUXDAMP switch in the FLY-BY-WIRE position, the automatic feature is disable_ and 24V d-c power is connected to _h_ Fly-By-Wire limit switches on the astronaut's control stick. A F_ _RUST

S_.LECTswitch with YEW & HIGH an_ LOW ORLY provides the astronaut with two

5-s

_OItlNIILI.

SEDR

104

.h_ust

selections

for

ft_l

conservation

purposes.

Stabilization

is

acocmpllshed through an electro mechanical arrangement (See Figure 5-9) by movement of the astronaut's control stick in the desire_ plane. Low

and high thrust actuati_ occur at approY_m_tely 30% and 75% of full travel, for yaw, pitch, or roll. The AUX DAMP position disables both the auto-

matic and fly-by-wire function, permitting rate damping as a singular feature. _he GYRO switch is s three position switch incorporating e CAGE, In the CAGE position_ the Attitude gyros are

FREEr and NORMAL position.

mechanically caged and the Horizon Scanner slaving function is disabled. In the _ position_ the Attitude gyros are uncaged; the Horizon Scanner _he NORMAL position uncages the attitude slaving.

slaving function remains disabled. gyros and permits Hariza_ Scanner

ASCS
_he following paragraphs, 5-5 an(1 5-9, describe the ASCS sequential Figures 5-2, 5-3, end 5-4 closely in conjunction

operation under normal _ad abort conditions. are provided for cl-_ity and should be followed

with the text concerning the various moaes of operation.

5-5. N0mL

QUENCn

In Figure 5-2_ the pip'ogressf a normal orbital mission is shown o divided into eight phasellappropriate to the following discussion. _le ASC8 is in the "]_ady" status prior to separation of the escape tower, relays its are _T0S fully are runI_ng energize_d. and all Phase circuits (A)_ except _To the final 12 OUtput to the HO

involving

slaving

5-4

5-8

_c_a/_mtJ.

$EDR 104

,__

rizon
e_rs

Scanner pitch
whch

and ro_

outputs
while the

ascent,
spacecraft ts

is to _-_-_e
being boos_d_

8yro

may accumu3Jl_e

Phase (B) starts sisnal e._--_-,_s

_..r

spacecraft

separation rate _n8

when a brief,

f_ve-second to

the ASCS to provide

to stop a_y tendency

Phase (C) is lui_a_ damping. The ASCS Is p3_ed

at the e_letion in _ _entatc_

of _ve

eeecmdJ of rate turn

mode_ spaeecrat_
aco_3ah_

eWOttU_ (180 co_tereloe_ee

Yaw Rotat_)

is

an_ the

spacecraft seconds. provided pos2ttc_. prevent

is p_.hed-dm_ Pitch, roll

to the retrograde

fr___

anF_

within

30 is

a_t yaw 8_ro slav_ (C) _ the _

to the Horizon Se_-,_s

durn8 ._ee

Select .Swlteh ls in the slave of _he G_rO Select StrA_h

Both the Free and Cs_ed positions _yro .slavn8 to H_riz_ (D) _ Sl_,_eraft Sea_ers.

In phase of -3_ o (_-_ _ediate

8_8m_rs ff

is in _rbt.

An erbt pXteh attitude is med_ f_ slave an

end down) is he3_ so that As in ]_aee

Select .'_teh

+_._. elmeeemft 8_ros will

abort.
Oyro

(C) at_i%_le
ls in

the horison
_ +--_ oa_ott

_he nczm81 pos:ti_.

._-:e

manual e_ta'ol

_.

f_y-by-wAre

eoz_rol

_y

be utlltzed

as desired. into (D).

Rate de:ping

:e_ be obta_d

by placing

ASCS:ode eeleet ec_tinue4

switch

AUXDAMPposition. _nother

Rate gyro run-up is in Phs_

thrceshout return

phase to the

feature utlllzed mode.

(D) is an autmmttc drifts (fXwla orbit

orlentatlc_

If _he spaceera/_

s_tu4e)

beym_

the limits of the x_nCerloek o_lentsti_ mode rill occ_ at In phase (E) of FA_ 5-2,

sector svl_hes, aut_stle _e_urn to +15 plt_h, 2 30 _a_ end rol3_ rate 8_ro r_n-_ Is autm-t_ea_.v attit_e. _he asmn_d

by re3J_ ewit-_-Z

10 _Jtutes

prim" to retrosra_
5-6

t;

MCDONNELL

SEDR

104

_l:l:)N:lflO:lS _l:l/$VW WO!hl SONVWWO3

IFMI8-126

.1_gm'e 5-3_A.S.C.S.MissionProfile
5-7

__;wffa.g.

SEDR 104

aaw change em_ one or sl_ +h_ee of the spacecraftattitudesaaintained by the ASCS by changing the space referenceplane or planes of the sttitude gFros. To naintain the hey Merence _ plane placing or planes, the Horizon Scanner

slsvi_ e_u_nd must be stoE_4

the gyro mrAteh in the

position. Nee referenceplanes an7 be establishe_by the astronautMLile the ASCS is in operationby plaei_ the gyro svitch in the I_ a_l placl:_ pitch toz_uiq _tch in the W'F _sttlon. position turning

Also mmma_

off the ASCS fuel in the axis or axes e._ected,utilizing:aznal control to position the spacecraft,and the_ caging and uncagl:_ the 87ros. _he ASCS ms_ then be returnea to f.lly the exception the spaee_ and the S_o of Rorlson &ttttu4es euatcmatlcperstlon in a11 three axes with o To utilise the observation position. in htah torque is 4tsconttnued ec_Bad, the Horizon Scanner slaving,

Scmmer sl_Lng. wast be vtthtn

range of the 8csnners

swatch nus be placed Tr s_sl _phaseY).

in the _NaL

_he ASCS receives retrograde at this retro the _ attitude _htrt7

ea_ u-_Horlson 8_

a spsceeraft slavl_ attitude

time,

seconds after ]ktri_

retrogrsAe

roeke_s are fLreS. ut_izes hL_

the perLo_ of ret_ot_e_e

rocket f_rL_ v_thLn one

torque action to hold the _p_e_rat_ Retro_e rocket _trtng

degree of the l_eal high torque mrltchla_ in 20 seconds

angles. _.u_

ccmuau4 an_ A5C8 Rocket _lrtnK ls complete4

occur siuultane_/_. torque mrAtch/a_ ccnmad

and the h_h

is hel_ far 23 seconds.

Upon _letion _itches paratton

of zetro paeke_ Jettison,the ASC_ autemslee3_ fire. aCttt_4e (_ase O) in pre .... aode vtth

the s_aceeza_ to the _ost-_etro for re-entry dxa_. The _

returnsto orentatio_

5-8

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

constant

sca--er

operation

to accuratel_ is

m4_

the re-entr_ .05g accele_r _tarts perlcd

attitude. mrltch, wlth the

FinAlly_ he elghth tmmt_ Initiates off

when re-ent_ and _ phase

sensed by _le

(H) of the ASCSperfc_ma_e _ro power. roll _ rate t_ls

of the attitude

the ASCS

mad m-4-+_bls a constant dispersion.

of 10 to ]2 per second Is provided phase to stabilize until

to ,,4,_-4_e to-_ha-wn the re-entry traJec_.

Rate 4_p1_

ASCS operationin this at _tch t_ permlt all

continues

main chute depiJ_ment, Pilot-override

ASCSpower is removed. of the "normal" se1;o the

previsions

lnterrupticas ma_pulation

quence by manual o_ f_-by-wtze "nu,=_Ll" SCSMODE. A _

control

add return

to a ai_4_Icant degree the astronautis the Iq,11 uti]_zatlonof thls rellabl].%ty ce_ng and other mrltehtng features _ae

_J1te]_1gent "back-up"fO_ the _S. a_mentatlcn principle _as led to _

ldLl.Oh axe izl_ fo]_ovtn_ table achieve

tO _e lists

"the spacecrs.'_t ,M_rmlly cont:rollab].e.

the md.tch and ccm_rol positic_s modes of control a/_er attalnln_ switch

necessary to orbit. Variations

the four basic

of the varlo_s

modes can be obtaln_

by further

m-4pul_tc_. _" HANDLES POSITI0_S

POSITIONS CC_TROL MODE

A_Z_MATIC

_"LF._T-N01_ - FJ_-AUX, DAMP

N(_S.L Elther

L(N & HIGHL0Wo_r_

Y_her

AUTO "T" _
_ (_

"T"

_j'T.T. 01;r_ '

FLY-BY-_IRE DII_CT (No

,qRT3eCT N(_V, L A _q_._Yf

FJ_ Either

As Needed E_+-_-r

ON

PULL OFF

PULL C_F PU._ CN PU_ _ P'J_ 0N

Dpin)
DIRECT (With AU][.DAMP Either

5-9

NELL

SEDR

104.

\\ \ \ \ // \

/
// / /

ABORTAFTER STAGING AND BEFOREORBIT INSERTION

A B 5 SEC. PERIOD OF RATE DAMPING AFTER SPACECRAFT SEPARATION. ATTITUDE FROGRAMMIr,IG BY ASCS, COUNTERCLOCKWISE YAW MANEUVER, SPACE CRAFT ASSUMES I_=TRGATT TUDE \

// t / l / C

I \ /J /
i

FROM GYRO% 30 SEC. AFTE_ TR NO. I RETRO ROCKET FIRES 35 SEC. AFTE.; TR NO. 2 RETRO ROCKET FIRES 40 SEC. AFTER TR NO. 3 RETRO ROCKET FIRES RETRO-FIRING SEQUENCE IS tNITIATED (TR), SCANNERS ARE DISENGAGED 23 SEC. AFTER NO. I RETRO ROCKET FIRES (I" R+ 53) A.S.C.S. SWITCHED TO ORIENTATION MODE HOLDING RETRO ATTITUDE. RETRO ROCKETS MAY BE FIRED ANY TIME AFTER 1'R SIGNAL BY ASTRONAUT OR GROUND COMMAND.

\\ \ \ \ \

\
.05G \ _, \

D E F

SCANNERS ARE SLAVED TO 60 SEC. AFTER NO. 1 EETROGYRO'S AND SPACECRAFT ASSUMES RE-ENTRY ROCKET FIRES, RETRO PACK IS JETTISONED, ATTITUDE. RETRO PACK MAY BE JETTISONED MANUALLY BY ASTRONAUT. RE-ENTRY ATTITUDE HELD UNTIL AT .05G SCANNERS ARE TURNED STEADy .05G BUILD UP. OFF AND DISENGAGED FROM GYRO'S.

RE-ENTRY STABILIT-_TION TROD_ED. G

ROLL RATE OF 10_ TO 12' PER SRC. IS INMAIN CHUTE IS DEPLOYED.

ANTENNA CAN IS EJECTED AT 10,600 FT. AND A.S.C.S. TURNED OFF.

/11//

/ /

\ \

1o,600'

V
I

'

iis
--__FMIS=I22A

Figure 5-4, A.S.C.S. Emergency

Operation.

5-10

"__NNELL

SEDR 104

5-6.
In general, abort sequencing procedures (See Fl_re at all times, 5-_) is progr_ to corabort situa-

respon_ to the safest tio_s

q_e poss_le (1) short,

can be diwlded into

+h_ee types s nmely

befcTe

l_rer

separatlonwhen ASCS rate damping is recf,,1:',,'ecX; abort after tower sep(2) aration but before +_ trajectoryis truly orbi1_al; and (3) abort from orbit. _he fo11-vingparagraphs,5-7 +_o,_ in each of the abort conditlc_Is. 5-9, discuss ASCS sequencing

_-7.

ABORT _

TOW_q .qRPARATION

If an abc_t mlssicn is s_'ted during the perloa when the booster en4 sustalnerengines are burnlng, the ASC8 is utillzed for rate a_T.Ing cn_7
,a_ter _he fo11_lDg external opera_io_8 h_e _een a_ale_Ml.

(1) Booster

au_ sustainer

engines

cUt-off.

(2) Spaoecrsf_separatlo_from adapter.

(3)
(_.) (_) (6)

o-er rocez
Retro rocket Timed arrival Separation separatl_ at appr_-te frm spacecrs_. peak of trajectory.

of escape

tower from space,aft. the ASCS is _-----_-a to pro_lae

Upon o.....-letlo__he later operati_n, of rate a,.Ting, using the rate _os l_e normal ascent _c_

are ccntlnuo, sl_ eaerglze_dur_ f]/ght. A constma't roll rate of

an_ "abort trajectory"

i0 to 12 per second i8 e_loyed, of _he main chute.

Rate _--T.tng ceases

upon _eployment

5-11

_O_ON_RLa..

SEDR 104

q_e first operation is en6tue cut-off.

_hls is followed i_llately

by spacecraft separatlc_, poslgrade firing, and the normal mission postseparation sign-_ seque_e of any tendency to t_le. to the ASCS. _e effect Is _--_dlate d__.:tng the auto-

After 5 seconds of rate d_ing,

_mtic sequence ccm._.ds spacecraft turn around amd an attitude angle of 3_ degrees. grade _hen either sequenc_. tl_ astronaut or ground e_nd must initiate retro-

Upon achieving the proper roll_ pitch an_ yaw angles

within atheride"per_sslon" r w bovnd.s(See Paragraph Paze5-6), 5-5, the

ASCS enables rapid-sequ_ice retro rocket firing to proceed. NOTE ASCS _-_mlssi_L over-rl_0en at After in the retrograde normal operation, missio_ ,_ interlock" dur_ time the by the abort retro fire can be

astrcz_at. in this (except case for proceeds the as

missic_ sequence

po_-retrograde

_ifference

in tra_eetory time an_ distence Intervals.)

5-9. A_mT Fa_ _

Whenever an abort frcm orbit is initiated, the normal automatic or _ual retr_ operations will appl_. Ho_everl if manuel retrogrs_e

operatlo_s are utilized the pre-re_ro_rade perio_ of gyro slaving to the Hurlzc_ Scanners ("last look") w_1 be e1_nated.

5-1o.

sYs_

OI_tATION system operaton receives is best i_uts explaine_ from sensors by I_ on the _-5left side The .,_mof the

Overall plifier

Calibrator

page an_ _eneraT_s output;;s to Display an_ Reactic_ Control devices on 5-12

IFM18-49

Figure

5-5_

A.S.C.S.

Block

l:)iagram

5-13

_MC_NNELL.

__

SEDR ) 04

=_ li_, _:i8 li_

F_-_ l_igure 5-6, Pit,ch A'_;_Block Diagram !5-14

I/ICD%ItlNELL

SEDR 104

,,

Figure 5-7 Yaw Axi,_ Block Diagram

5-15

NNELL

SEDR. 104:

>_w

-i

FM18-46,

l,'igure 5-8 tRoll Axis Block Diagram

,%16:

"_WO_NNi/.L

SEDR 104

the right. F

_e

four basic seit_Lng.

operations

are alavl_,

repeating,

mode s_AtchYaw,

ing and torque Roll

Data flow pertaining is illustratedin Yi_es are straightforeard

to the iadtvid_a!

and PAtch _-_els

5-6, _-7 and 5-8. In no e_lanatlc_. is unique

general, these dAa_

and require

However, the method utilized in derlvi_ l_tional to a degree and warrants The pitch _al the follovA_ discussion.

information

(vertical_rro) Is precessed ec_tinuousl_.

the orbltalphase of T_e normal msslon_ so T_at the spaaecraft"local vertical" referencerevolves 360 degrees _m_ng eaQh c_bltal _/_le. The _rro slaving to be derived the roll pitch s_l exist principles which permit DArectioaal After t-_tial slaving (:raw) lnfoz'm_on an4 settling of

are as follow: loops_

-,_ pith

the ASCS controls roll s_ attit:._. yaw error boost.

the spacecraft _nitial_, (as great

to the e_ after separation

a_titude_

an_ to level

spacecraftturn around, d_e to d_ect_--_

as 10 _egrees) may _*_ of the

drift dur_

Sluee the Roll

vertAesl _ro causes the Roll

is the _--er _=_m_al, _ _-_ (pitch) o_tp_t to e_ntain ra_e.

_Isalig_wnt of the spacecraft an error _us component due to _he

constant orbital Horizon

angular

a ccmparlsc_of _he Roll will provide an error

S_---_r end vertical a roll _al

g_ro roll torquing

indAeati_s rate.

signal producing

_4_s to_qu_

rate _hieh

Is a direct ftmc_tlc_ yaw erro_ Is use_ to sXave the yaw _i_baX of the of d'_',-e_'ttmml _., ,. s _aother area +_t warrants dAseussionis _ha_ of _orque seltchlng,i.e., the thrust outlart _ the Reaction Control System in c_uncti_n with the

various modes of ASCS operation.

5-17

_NnmAa.

SEDR 104

5-10 serves lw in la_zo4aetlea Msvlor of _ ABCS. _r aszIIm

to the to=q_e u-=_tel_lag l_1_-

eoasezwa+,lonof eoat_ol I_=eI, _e

havior varies 8_eordln8to the ABC8 mode eppropz_steat a gtvea tJne. A =o-ealle4 "phue-plane" plot of ea_ rate vs. angle is shogn in the Pi_eh tlle-htstoz7 5.5 18

z_A_t corder of F:L_ure 5-10 a_aeemt to a _teal for tMe "Orbit" ao4e. degree ose_ll*tlo= |,_:rent J_C8 4eslga lx_atts

a plus or _

aIKm_ the n_

orbital &tti1_:4e,hieh in _ w

referencedto the Hor1_m 8__----_'s eamed "Horizo_tsl". _he ose_11*tion s is nonsiunsoldal because of the dAseant/nuoustorque _n=gzem; plteh rate is a s_,*_e rave, 8a4 _:Lteh aagl.e s sa_tooth,both hsvlns a ehsra_t_zistle period of 2_0 seconds. Poz_ osetllatloa ls & Ipmtl_ drift on _he phase-plane,the =Orblt"mode from -_._ (.39.5o degrees _elattve _lteM aag_e to

+_._ 4esrees relative _). _te=. _le

_ite_

to -_8.5 4esrees, refezeaee4 to true o_e-_-:f-_ert_t _Ase of two alaease= the

&r_

lasts

for _te_v

Irae_ the erro: _es

+_.5 4eSzees, a 1_ toz_e the seem_ h=:_-_"A04

rate to z_ez_e_, _aeze _ =l_l_r _

lS s]_mt drlA'ttag

zero to .-_-5 d_prees er_-or. ,Z_ _ torque_sWZteMtag, 7tsuze 5-10 sMovs the l_ase-plaae,IA,,gzm. Xa t.l_ ca=e _-

As aaotlu_ eza_le

"_etrosrade-HoZ_" t_rq_= l_e

torque nozsles are util:_e4 Inst_a4of the 1ov-_orquenossles_hteh vere adequate to eoatrol the Kent2e o=blt oseilAstion. A series of attl_o_e repeste= sector s_Atehesan_ rate-sFroplekoFf seeto_ svltehes are use4 to de_Ine stepllkebouadarle,vlthln the phue-pla_. e_zto_r l_ shova to llS._mt.'_te t_e motimz rem_tt_ _ A tTplesl di_arin a

a large

hence _orque vhJAe In _zis node. b_en the spaeee_

motion reaults

plt_h r_te value above "_d=e -Asht-han4 tair st_p, hlgh ne_tive _oz_lue 1 s i_

5:18

z ASCS AMP-CAL

NOTE
'_ ONLY THE YAW MICRO SWITCHES AND ASSOClATED C I RC U I T RY Ai_ SHOWN. ROLL AND PITCH ARE SIMILAR. T t[_ SWITCHES SHOWN IN STICK NEUTRAL POSITION LOWTORQUESWITCHESCLOSE FIRST. RELAYS DE-ENERGIZED IN FBWPOSITION.

.I"

JJ_

'

IHIGHI-

_RCS SOLENOID I CONTRQL _ADvE (TYPICAL)J

I RCS THRUST CHAMBER (TYPICAL)

,FMIS-131

iFigure5-9,A.S.C.8.Fly By WireControl
5-19

_Mo_NNELL

SEDR104

applied until I_1espacecraft attains a negative rate and rotates into the "no-torque" region. The inverse occurs if the retro rocket thrust

eccentricity or other &'Lsturbancesforce the spacecraft into a slt_ation ea111_ for positive t_tst. _he net effect of the torque-swltching logic the important opera-

shown is to mR1ntain rapid and reliable control dur_ tlc_ of retrograde fir_. Other modes of ope_Ltion tation" torqut_ and "Rate Da_0e3.". is utilized requiring During torque switclLtn8

logic

are

"Orien-

orientation

mode bath high to new preset

and low

to rotate

the spacecraft

attitudes.

Both high and low torqu(_is also applied during rate da-_er mode but rate _rro signals E_e needed as a basis for switching logic. this case, torque swltc1_ng bo_daries plane. In

are horizontal lines on the l_ase-

2-11. 5-2.

UNITS

_he _lifier four sectl_Is. swit_

Callbrator unlt can be "functio_s_F"

divl_1

iuto

_lese functional secti_Is are slavluS, repeating, mode

and.torque sw_tc_.

5-13.
_Is roll to

G R0SLA
sectl_ co_te_s --T.liflersand s_ from +_ gyros. Pitch networks which accep_ generate currents

a_ld pl1_ torquers

_n_tlo_ attitade

HGl_l_zon Scanners s_ _hus, upc_ _._._._

in the the

from are orbit

an external with (Ref.

t:L_t_

de_Lce_

Gyros Roll, in,

and Yaw 81mbals to the

ali_aed plane.

correspon_11_8

_Lreottons

or perpend_culsr

Para.
5-20

lifCDONNELL

.: _SEDR 104'. RETROGRADE_

=(PITCH AXIS EXAMPLE):

I0.0 /-

"5"5 _ I

8.0_

m'i

j_
+5.5i

Ai.e DEGREESj ORBIT l

/ TYPICAL :TIME HISTORY (PITCH).

f-

:o5o, , _ s_1--_o5o, s_.

I +5._--I _,"_'A' ..... l

I-'---24OSEC.t "1 -,_, +A

r---L_
:-A +A.

PUSLE

*8 ._
'DI

oo_T.o._,,
IN SEC._

_i, _ .65 ......

-i_

o._7
0._7,

_, o_. _!
!.I

=0.252 b.755

_" *e,

.1._
-4
- :A e. [)EGRI_ESySEC..

I.
FMI8-55,

Figure

5-10, Torque

Logic Phase Plane Diagram.

5-21

__R'LL

SEDR 104

rJ_e repeater secticn is a group of servo-mechanisms (four in present deslgn, including _o f!orpitch angle repeating). Attitude gyro outputs,

which are reeelve_ at _e are amrplified sources and used for bo_ to

calAbrator in proporational ar "analog" for_, drive shai_s _nich serve switching) control on the as roll, pitch and ys_ (display

signal

internal _e

(torquing on-ofT reaction sectors

an_ external of the shafts

an_ teleme'_c'y) mA_es it repeaters.

purposesJ. to secto_

spacecraft of three for torque of the

desirable _e

_Lse conductive serve

as attitude-l_vel

references

5-15.

MODE_ _is

_CTION section of the calibrator establishes the proper attitude angle to the

bias, torque swltchi_

status, and interlock signals correspc_-_

ASCS mode c_,_,_n_edby external devices. NO_ _he sum of a_ such external _evlces is, for _SCS

design purposes a "easter sequencer" whlch coordinates all automatic functions. _he mode-swltching sec1_ionuses c_.act, Altho,_h trical these cireuit_ th_j contain are solAd-state switching circuits.

m.,_ytransistors, _iodes, and other elec_hat is not eritieall_ dependent

ecmponeuts,

of a class

upon reference voltage or _e_perature levels.

_e

torque svi_h_1_

section contains transistor and diode elrcults

_5-22

"__J/U_i'/.i.

SEDR 104

similar receive _e

to the

those

in the mode-switchi_ outputs of the

section. attitude

Torque gyro

switching repeaters,

circuits plus

step-function

outputs of the rate 8_ros.

The latter (rate) signals come from sector Us_ with

swltehes replacing T_e usual proportional rate i_ro pickoffs. these step-wise the _le switchi_ "_ecisicns"

__-_eatlons of attitude and rate cc_61tions, alo_ section are m_ output which 8efining result the current phase of the

missic_

in energizing

of th e alq_o-

pria_e Reaction Con_l

Valves.

_'_._e acceleration switch is basic mechan_m tilever spring.

a hermetically sealed Ins_nt.

q_

ccnslsts of a central_ _h_ mass is _

located mess supported by a can-

by the viscous shear action of the

fluid whleh fit!. the case. of the mass element.

Switch actuation is caused by the dlsplae_aent force of .O_g, in the axis nor._

An Acceleration

and in _he 6irection away from the base, is required to close the circuit. Me_A-_cal e_ainst _ stops are _ovAded to restrain the me?_-ntm an_ to protect

when sub_ecte_ to excessive acceleration.

_he function Of the

attitude gyros

(vertical and directional) is to in the moving spaceorbital plane but _ich

6etermlne attitu6e angles between a set of fixe_ a_s craft and T_ are _ reference a_es which are fixed in the

with the local vertical.

Both attitude gyros are "free" gyrofor ca_.z_ the an_ for

scopes with slaving capability.

A me-,- Is ineorp_ted outlnxts which

electrlcal signal (syachros)

&efine

attltu_e

5-23.

_MC_NNELL

SEDR 104

of the i_ros vA_b respect to Wo sut_J_r sttltude IDTos possess unrestricted

l_rl_aalcular

axes.

_e

nechaatceA t_eedcm in the outer in the _--er does not aeeesssrtl_

the s]paeeera_%

sz.t.s sad _.+ 83 (atnAm:) is aote4 +_-t

the attlt-_ies

of :eebaaAeal _treed_

exts.

Zt

the degree of _
l_Lsslble

z_'leet
in oz_l_.

by amlttslly

sl;ee_

Due to ltaitsttoas of the Awplttter lsa.tt,_ attitude.

in _be Hortson 8_--_r r_S.tbzator, asDsal eoat_l _ _d.t_

s_t_s

anql the repeater

section be

of the _

slued

to _.+3o 4,, z'oll a4. ]ru H_mver, _

_.+ of the -1_..5 o :it, eh 3o ezeee41a& these lJ_ts

e_ot];_mt aslftmetton,

not pz.e,,_S.tee the success of a alsstoa.

tt; ls z_c(umesle4 t_lt the _

Xf t_ese ltmLtM are ezeee4ed,

in the _ lX)S_tton. Xn-

rurAl;oh be l_la_e4

l_t

_ts I_o e_s (m_o

are ]A_ volt

J_)0 _s

st_1.e

l,lu_se (_ro

ao_r),

aaa

26 wlt,

aaa torque aotor).

.zg.
'_he Attitude the Natn Inst_t Sl_eecra_ an4 l_te Paz_I. Indicator is mounted, on the upper portlon pro_s _ sa4 Boll ta41_at_ns plaaes. The of of '_he _adlcator

Rate aa_ Attll:_ in "the Tmr, Pitch

attitude iadAeatorssz_: drlve_ _ (t_

_he at_l_xde 8)-_o s_nohroout, is _e &tti1_ laaAeatorsare osllof + 180 except for

the A_li_ler Ca_Ib_tor).

brste4 to la41cate _:_e

&_tltude_lt_In & _

_ew _al_M -_ _ la41_a1_ 0e, 80, u4 2T0 in a cloek.lse41reetloa. _e rate poztloa of.tbe ladleatorIs _rlve_ by the alnlat_re rste treas-

a-eers. The range of =:_e Iz_Aeatlonis 0 to + 6/seeoa4for a11

5-24

VIODONNELI-

SEDR 104

n :GYP-OCAGE COMMAND

N
GAGE GYRO

GYRO
'2' i ATTrlTUDEGYRO SLAVE COMMAND

SWiTC.

i NOT SEP.

I-"
I

:ASCSMODE SELECT SWITCH

I
DAMP

I
j

ASCS

I
SEC 24V DC 1

.AUX
O I

CALIBRATOR

ASCSSOS

,i
I

,_FLY BY WIRE

Ii
I I

i i
S.A_T_ _ I I

,yio
SELECT

.o_

LOGICDC

_
I
J J
"J LOGIC AC

_--

I_EFORE

I_ _

il_/G AC PWR R/G START

/"

AFT_

i1__ A_" .l_v

_1 j

.RETRO COMD. RELAY IS BY PASSEDFOR FIRSTFIVEMIN.AFTER

!!

LATT GYRO P,_

BUS

CAPSULE SEPAR_kTION

FMIB-123 ]

Figure 5-11 Power Distribution D_._m'n 5-25

_NNELL

SEDR 104

three

iaAt_tors.

_e

:_11 rate

inAioat_r

has the a&litio_A

r_a_tlit7

of _etag exteraaA_ monitor re-ent_r zoll

mrA'_ebe_to a _ _ste.

of 0 to l_/see.

4,, order to

The zate gyros _ez_orm electricalcircuit svltehlngfunctionsat 8_eeltlcx_tes of 8_Lr velooi1_ about 8J_8xls 1_ez_adio-1-_to the I_8e are used.in the eouststs of a high

of each unit, re_erzed "_ as the "_.-put axis". Rate _s _pttch, roll 81_ sD_ _ axeJD, :espective_. Bach z_te _

rotor,nounl_ In a glm_

rinK, in such a nm_=er that it is sxls) which is l_dtcular slsna_ ring, _ are set are senerate_ by the across the contacts Ij_X)c_s.

to 3pzeeessabout _e

a:Ls on_ (the _t3mt _he o_

to the spin axis of the rotor. notion of _i_rs, n4.tches. attae]_t X_t

to the _eA

of sector

]power req_tre_eats

by 11_ volts,

Srm=
_-_. sz_ _x_
The Reaction P..,o_,z_',Lysten is use4 for s_meecra._ B Fmr, _iteh an_

olI control. The 8_st,-. utilizes nltroKen 8u pressure to ez_el h_ gea _erozid_ _ a bA_L_er into the _hz_st elumber ea_t beds. _he

_A_ht en_e _t

ebm_

_zo_ce t_u,t

by deoca_os_n_ 90%b_osen

_erozi_e (l_j02)._he _._s_en dAvld_ Into three dlffe_ent_ortlons. 18 One _oz_ion is for e_t_mtte mte_ eon_ol (ABe), one for nauual control, an_

a reserve fuel

_ be utilise4

dnx_ag the z_-ent_-T phase o_ the nisslon. f_4=43m. W4__h the

_he m11xmatleaTstem 8_S the na_uaA _rs_e_ a_e b_i_:_y e_eeptlon ot the neth_ us_t _o _

the t_Aovof Fuel to the thrust

5-26

\
",

__
'o _._

zz

'

FMt8-3A

5-27

_'

;VICDONNELL

]SEDR 104

<
z o i_

___
e_

oz _-0

_
_

z_
0__m _

_FMI 8-15_

Figure 5-14Reserve RCS Installation.

5-29

__JLL,

SEDR 104

chars. ch_ezs I_

T, the 8n_Ltle

system,the flour fuel to the thrust of

is controlledl_ electrlesl_ actuated_ solenoi4valves. _he ehembersof the hanna1 s_rsteu eontrolAed is proI_rtlons_ valves.

of Fuel to the _t aeehaaleal_ actuate!

_he follo_

l_za_

_-2_ I_

5-26, brle_

4eserlbe the operabe

tion of the sutcmatic,,Mmual an4 reserve sTsteu. follow_ elosel_ in eo_|uaetioa vAth the fo11_ing

Fisure 5-1T sh_ text.

_he automatic sysl_sa can be divide4 Into two _Jor su_zatton portion

l_S;

the pzessphere, lo-

end '_tm fuel poz_ion. _e pressurization eo_t,

catedvithln the utzommt'l

is servlcd with nitrogen to a

pressure of 3000 ps. ]_en the reg-lstorshntoffneedle valve is opened, the pressurlslng81s is e2Ao_ to flov into the pressure z_tor vhere

theoutputreuure p

to

]nu theresu ator, the

pressurizinggas l_Aovs _rouKh a checMvslveand enters the fuel tank _here it 8u_ a bladSer ,_nta_ the fuel. in the pressurisationsysteu.

Tuo electricaltrs_dneers are 4--_ed

One of the txansa-cersis locatedupstreem of the resulstor_:ah-l_ needle, valve and is used to _J_Lie_tehe fuel q-ntity. t a_owed the fuel _A_ln to ex_md to oe,_ tuk bla6_er. _ a laaq_er v_me e_A_msi_ _he l_ressurizing _ i8

as the fuel is expe/le4 in a &_.ease in _ressure in l_resmtre _ the

resul_s

the l_zessuriz_ _u_S,

w.r_tea,

The _ecreue la_

is se_ed

electrical

cer m_ coavert_

a vel_e

which Olm_tes

a c_trol

5-30

"__;V

_m "

SEDR 104

fuel quanti_ 4_ _he ec_ol z_aalnlng. _e

located c_ "the astronaut'smain In_mmn_

panel.

fuel quan_i_ 4_leatc_ is calibratedto show percent of fuel

seeon_ electricalt_an_ucer is located _st_e_

of the fuel

'tank and is used to indicate"the pressure on the _el bladder. _e vol_age _ this t_sduee_ is 61s_la_ panel. frem _0 o_ the _02 pressure _he _ pressure Indleatc_ c_ In_ca_c_ iS

he ast_cz_rt'smain _._t calibrated to indicate sei_ch regulator, pressure located

to 700 psi. system, quantity _pstres_ _srning of

A presage the pressure

in the press_A_izatic_ a fuel

is used to t!l,_nate

light c_ the astrc_ts

main instrumentpanel. _he pressure s_i_ch is

set to actuate at a pre-_etermln____ed low fuel level. A pressure re_ef.valve is also incorporated into pressure. the pressurizatic_ _e l_SiCa_

system and is set to relieve

excessive sy_

locatic_ of the various e_aponentsin the aut_--tlcpressurizatlcnsystem can be seen in Figure 5-12. _he fuel portion of _he a_t_ tic systembegins _Ith the half t_rOida_ apprc_ithe

fuel tank. Locate_ inside the tank is a flexiblebladder ec_taln_ mtel_ 32 pounds of 1Aquid 90% _02. _e pressur_z_ sas surr_

outsi_e of _ forate_ transfer

bladder forces the fuel out of _he blair tube located insi&e _he bleA__r.

through a perflows _hro_gh

_he fuel

a checkwalvean_ into the downs%reamllnes. Located in each axis, yaw, pitch and ro!_, is a manual_7 actuated shutoffvalve. _hese valves are linke_ to I_,_ _s _ lo_ate_ _ the

5-31

_CDONNIL

SEDR 104

astz_mt'e fuel

left

hand e,m_oZe.

aetuatt-n

these nhut_Tvelves, t_mt

the

suppl_ can be slm_g aalf_etion ttle_

to. each tadividna_

axis ia the event to isolate eaah axis on tMe reonly the aal-

a sole_ld iedirl_-ll.y

should occur.

_e abil/ty

t_e wAtxmatie _rstem to operate aonmll_ the astrommt to IN_:k-up aa_,

axes, ze_ fuaetloniagazis.

DovastreJ=of the m-_,-? shutoff yeS.yess_re the eleetzleal_ eo_trOlled soleaotd v_ves. trol D_x_areceiving a stgasl _ the _ or tly-_-_Lre eon-

system, the s_ropz_ste

solenoid valve ol_ss. _

ea_,:ex.s soleaot4 the

valve a_

l_sses into the .eox-reeiKm&Lag lr_t, t _Me desired thrust. low aad ht_ pt_Ja _ _

e...l_'bex,wb.ea"e 11;.4ee_ses aad2_ lb. thrust ehm-

e_l pzo_ees bets,

are 1 lb.

provi_z_

thrust,

about each of t_e follmdag _eze _ are 1 lb. _e

szes: aa_ 6 lb. szie:

_ar le_, t_st _,

yav right,

ea_ ptteM _mra. thrust,

pz_rtdAa8 _eek

lov aa_ bt_

follmrA_

roll CW aa4 roll C_.

valves, loeate__ _ for t,henml A relier

the aaaual sMntoff _Io= of _el sys-

valves a_l the solenoid, valves, 4o_astrema of the msm:_ _totf

vslves.

valve in the tm_

te_ relieves exeesslvepressure. See Fi_ of the automatici_el c_x)l_l_s.

5-12 for the l_Tsieal loeatlon

_e aa_

s_rstem_reeserAsattea I

ffetea

is i_=ttcal to that _e4

la

the e_t_ati s_tem _._ eontalasno presnx_ m_t_ _e _

one ezeeptioa. _'ae _ a_ no l_el _tlt_ _

]_reesavlsatio_ s_rstes li_t.

porti_: of the aa_ the _

:_te_ beglas _It_ the Ma_f tero_4al t_ a tlezlble t_s4Ate_ eontsiniag

1_e1 t_mM. Loeste4 t_t4e

_-'_II/iCDOItlNELI.

SEDR 104

FM1B-129

Figure

5-15/R.C.S.

Control

Linkage

5-33

_M_DONNELL

SEDR ]O_t -

TROL LINKAGE

YAW CONTROL" LINKAGE :

_ _'_'. .

ROLL CONTROL 'LINKAGE

YAW

FMI8-124

Figure _5-I6/Three

ATI_Hand Controller,

5-34

'_a__mAJ.

SEDR104

8ppr-Y4u-tely _\

23._ pounds of liquid of the ble___r

90_ H202. forces

The pressurizing

gas sur-

roun_tnK the. outside

the fuel

out of the bladder

throuKh a perfaratedtransfer tube loca_l inside the bladder. _he fue_ flows through a checkvslve aria into the _ovnstre-_ lines. 8n_ upstre-: of

LocaT_l downstre-u

of the manual system checkvalye

the p_Tporticnalcontrol throttle valves_ is a mechanicall_actuated shutoffvslve. 5he shutoff valve is linked me_h--_eal_ to a I,,11 handle locate_ _ the astronaut'sleft console. OU_, _ When the p.l_ handle is p lu_1_

fuel suppl_ tO %he proportic_l c(mtrol T2_rottle

valves is shu_

off. From _he mmaual system sh_ofT walve, fuel flows to T_e proportional e_l _ throttle vaXves. _he throttle valves, see FIKure 5-19, are I_-_ed to "l;he astronaut's hencl controller, see Figure 5-16. _st SprtD8

mechanically

o_tput is dlrectl_ proportionalt;o hand. c(mt_oller cartridKesloca_e_ in the hau_ ecntro11_ _

d.l.splaoe=ent. provide control

"feel" and. return "the handle 1:oneutral. Shear pins, located in l_e throttle valve bellnrsnk8, are designed to shear with increa_ on the pat_ of _ c_ each-'_8 effort

astronaut. _*- ability1;0 shear the mec_--_cal

prevents the _e_d=8 of one *_,,ot;_.e valve _,-ont(1,t.sabl:L_the

ent.tre systen. F_ thethrottlealves, v fuelflon *_,,'ou_ 8 _be_ve 8n_enters

the thrust _er. valyes require

5he _heckvalvesInet_3_d _ownstre_ of the throttle pressure thrust for "the fuel to flow. _h4 s requirement doenstrem of

posltl_e

el_m_--_es the throttle the throttle

the erratic

*h-t woul_ ocour if

+___fuel

w_l._e vere _

to _r-_- throush the thrust eh_ber after

valve _,,,,_returned to neutral.

&-35

_O_AL.

. SEDR 104

A _

thrust of _

lbs. 18 arable au_ pitch don.

on the follovlngaxes: A nsxluuuthrust of _ an4 _ tag.

z_Sht, yew left, p1;eh _

6 Ibs., is availableoa the fe_ A eheek_ve valves

_At_F_

axis: _

XA0_._'tedL betT'een the nm_

shutoff voAve and the tk_ttle 6omw'_ms of 'tMe

_ fuel 8y8_ relleveB

.'l"l_m
VS_Ve.

for therm_, ez_e,usien of i"uel _

A _lle_ _ VS_Ve 4_a_8_e_ _ _

excessive nmual

_xenu_.

_ae_l_ysical

loa_i_a 5-1S-

of the ve_Ao_

e_qxments

of the

8Fetes

ee_ be eee_ in Fip_e 8n4 _he mtma_ in_conn_ct handle va_ve.

_he en_matie aetu_te_ link_ to a _

sFsten

ea_ be interc_meete_ valve _

a me_ani-

_he intez_onnee_ le_

is ne_umteeA_V ol_ning the

ou the astronaut's

console.

interconnectvalve, the fuel of either s_s_emm_ ten.

_e use_ in the other s_s-

_he reserve systeu _Ist_ sit,orionto the f_el t_ a ee_met_ of 15 lbs, of _

_rlua_

of a _,_el teaM, s_atlar ia eon-

use_ in the m_t_matleen_ nau_al s_a_ens,v_th _0 2. _he :eserye 1_e1 tank is ec_te_ control eysteu 8n4 is desired to to be

the e_toms_i por_lon of the re_tton use4 dingus the re-enf_7 _r_ton Zn ozd_r _o utJAtse _e _ressuA_lsiag _8a _o s_xmn4 to that used in the sure.tie aa_e available

of _he ntuton. it is neeesssr_ to s_ppl_ a bla_r tanks. either :in a--"_r 81u_3_

zenerve fuel,

the resezve f_el su_ manul fuel

X_essuzlng gss is the sutmmttc pres-

to the rel_erve fuel b/ad_er _

5-36

-<4.'

o ,,,
_ _.

I!11 II

_MODON,ftlIILL.

SEDR 104-18__

surizatlon system, gas is ,-,'_.e a,_tle_le tea to the appropriate

the mamml

pressurization system or both.

Pressurizing reserve sye-

by flring a squib valve conneetlng the p_eesurlzation system.

Firln6 of the s_uib valves

is acc;-,,.-llshed astronaut actuation of either of two toggle switches by provided on the left console of the instrument panel. s_ib In addition, the

valves are both fired automatically at antenna fairing separation

d_ring re-entry if they have not been fired previously.

5-z7.

U TS
Due to the general nature of the system components, a discussic_ of each is e_sidere_ t_rust ch_ere) unnecessary. However, two items (propellant fuel an_

d_ werrant brief explanations.

Hydrogen peroxide is a clear, colorless liquid soluble in ,_11 prop_tions _Xrogen o_gen in water and most substances which are miscible with water. peroxide when catalytically decomposed releases water vapor, . gas an_ heat. _02 decomposition when properly coutained ena One pou_l of _02

c_trollea

is capable of producing usable thrust.

solution (90%) when properly 8.eco_ose_. "will proluce appro_Maste_V 60 c_ic feet of _s. Hyclrogenperoxide (_0_) i_A_ezesat ll.3F, and boils

at 268F.

mST
_e +h_Ast cb-m_er ass_lies (See Figure _-18) consist of a stain-

less steel chmaber that contains a distribution disc followed by a catalyst bed and then a nozzle. _he catalyst bed contains a stack of nickel screen

5-38

.,z, _z

-_

o
5

SEDR 104

,//

_ ..>..

'/!
j

i /
;.' t, /

h-'._
! /j ;b,"
, I , f_"-. / / ""-

, ',, _.

'\ ....... .. _____ I ! . ......"---'-::':_-_-"_,::"-.. i{

,>, / ,1

SEItRATED AP,_V_ -_ LOCKWlRE

1 SERRATEDSHAFT

SHRAR PIN

THROTTLE VALVE

FM18-121

Figure5-19 Manual R.C.S.ThrottleValve and BeHcrank

5-40

'_,_N

_fkL

SEDR 104

vsfers. _ is plate8

_he screen vith

gauge resembles coat_

ccumon household that enhances

screen.

_e

screen properties _e

a s_ver-pl_l

the atalTtic _

of the nickel. _ssle

2he open area between the catal_t to mooth

a_l the r_ht

foz_s a short plemm ch_ber

out the flow ]prior to reachia8

tJ:e nozzle throat. H_ enters the thrust plate l_ut. obaaber _xm mtlon d/sl_lbutes the flow of the soZe_td valve.

_he s___4-1_ss sl_el bed vith a un_om

sn4 presents ste_e

the cstaJ_rst

Upon enterinK tames place. _ results-= _

the f_t

of the eata3_t the

be4, a vtoleat

resctioa

gases rush throu_ in a thrust outlmt,

renalader of the catalyst angle nossle. place within

in the right takes

_e maJort_r of the 4ecoaposltion the first two catalTst in this area. cu_s.

(a_l aos_ vlolent)

_erat_es

of e_proziaatel_r cups

1JKX)Ycan be e_ecte_ are to 8esure a _:_lete

_he resmAa4er of the eatal_t _rocess e_l to prevent

dec_ost_ton ",,he nozzle.

a_r l_d

_'o_ of ][202 from reach_

m
_e

nmau
Borisoa Scanner S_s'_u incorporates tvo i&m_ical is to provde sca_ia_ a ro_ units. a_t pltch

_e Ima'l_oseof the Rorlzon Scanner 8_8_zt reference 4arias the orbital

]phase of the norasl atssioa.

_ae s?"_'8

pro&uee an _t_t aagle_ ulma _

siSaal that slaves the AS_ _ an exteraal_ro_r.

attitude _ros to the proper

asm:::
Fixate 5-20 is a 1_ of a _orlzoa Scaaaer Ualt. a_ mJor oct-

5-41

_NNE_.L

SEDR 104

FM18-57

Figure

5/20

Wide

Angle

Horizon

Scanner

5-42

"_'MCDONNELL

EDR 104

/--

OF VIEW DETECTOR FIEL._ __

CIRCLES

/ /
/
"fRAJ[ CTORY

_ \/
P,TCH SENSO'_-\I

\
I

_
/ /

I "-/
\\

0
EARTH

FM18-58

Figure

5-2]

Horizon

Sensor

Scan

Pattern

5-43

_NNELL

SEDR 104

portents include eleotrc_os, c_cula_ l_oJects completely

and subassemb_lXes the so_ _ous plate into is the flange space prim

are mounted as _sa_l_, mrl_hes_

from the prim drive

large

circular

plate

and detector, The

system,

infrared an_ cover.

electrical t_e vehicle.

co--Actor soannin8 _e

mounCe_ so that outside of the

prim eleotr_4c sections printed circular

e_nt system are circuit plate. is

transisto_ize_ printed in the circuit shielded

and the boards.

various _ee

functional of these to the

febrtcste_ boards For

c_ separate are enclosed

housing

fastened

rapid servicing the four posts with attached boards can be replaced as a single ,_It, or individual boards can be replaced as required.

5-33.

_CXAL

FEATURES has a _,_er of special features. It is c_T.act

_he Horlzan ScA--_.r

insize(65132"long x 5 718" aae .r e over i)

(3.02 Ibs). shu_r. detector _he scanner is equippea with a centrifugal_7 - activated prevents solar radiatic_ from dwelling upon the in probable dsma6e _other duri_ those periods when the

The ah_ and resultin_

scanning prism is not rotatln6. which can be used to dlsc_mect

feature is a special circuit

the error signals from the vehicle reac-

f_iondevices _urin_ those periods when the presence of the sun in the scan path or the loss of horizon woul_ result in erroneous error signals. _e final feature of si_ficance is _hat _ a single power source is re_1_ed supply required in the to

providln_ ii0 volts_ _00 cycles and 3.2 VA for each se---_ to operate the entire f_e sysT_n. need for _he hi_7 re@_tlated power usuall_

system

eliminates

the bulky, bstteries

bias the _-frared de_ector.

5-44

'_W_g_NNmLL

$EDR 104

_-3_. ,_s_t _cs

_ 0pera_icn received i_m of the Horizon Scanners depen_ as c_pareH upon infrared radiation from the earth to the essential_ levels zero radiation provide a m_Rrp radiathis discontin-

space.

_hese _fferences

in radiation

tcn discontinuity

at the horizon. vertical

The Scanner system uses reference in its sensing. scanning

,_Lty for both da_ an_ night

When T_e spacecraft path, there _ 11 in (_=

is oriante_ so *_t
general FA_re be _wo points 5-21). _e level,

the earth is present

where the scan intersects detects the thermal

the earth's discontinuity,

horizon

sc_-er between

or ehen_ points.

in radiation _e

the earth

and space at the t_o horizon angle bisector linear from itself with error that

Scanner then bisects

the included of _

to the Horizon of a fized proportional As previousl_r the A_S referto

points,

c_.,_.eres the at,,eetion

ence in the spscecrel_t the angle between stated, attitude these gyros. error

and generates

signals

the bisector signals

an_ the f_ed (roll a_l pitch)

reference.

are use_ to slave

FA_Lre 5-_ folAoei_

shows a sinple entails

block a brief

diagram

of the H_Azon

ScAnner. of

_ae

discussion

explanation

of the functioning

each block as related to the overall operation.

inhere a _ Is as it scans across

differencein the radAatlonwhich the detector receives the bounda_ between space and _e upper a_aosphere

(tropom._ere). _l.s _
bodies at 0o_ an_ 200_

is _z.._.-:m,,_.
respectivel_,

equal to that fr_

differe_ce

black
is

an_ the radiance

appr_m_e_v 3.00S ntts/_

- steradian. lo_atlon f th_sgradient _e o

5-45

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

is sharply defined, and it is much larger than any others that can be encountered during the scan cycle.

5-36.

CORRECTION FOR REFLECTED SOLAR RADIATION _harp radiation gradients do exist because of reflected so_-_ radiation. Sttchgradients are found at cloud edges, topographical irregu-

larities o_ the earth's surface and the terminator line between night and day. _ese radiatlc_ changes can be filtered out so that the horizon Selective fil-

gradient is the only one that is detected by the system.

tering can be accomplished since most of the reflecte_ solar radiatic_ falls in the spectral regioflbetween 0.2 end 2.0 microns_ while the radiation _tted than 5 microns. by the earth _he filter_ and troposphere is at wavelengths longer Is accomplished by a ger--_1,-,primn As a filterI germa-_um sharply

and field lens in front of the detector. cuts off all radiation at wavelen_s

sho,_er than 1.8 microns while _he use

tra_-mltting very uniformly radiatic_ fran 1.8 to 20 microns. of this filter removes over 90 percent of the reflected

solar radlatlcn.

Signal clipplng techniques in the electrc=Ics remove any residual effects.

5-37.

SCAbbING ARD RADIATION rgTECTION Details of the scennlng prlm _, field asa_ly can be seen in Figure 5-20.

_-_rared detector is fixed to the center of the elreular plate and its of view exten_s +_ough _e the ctrcu 1-_ openin8 in the center of the

scanning assembly. sence of the the normal. scanni_ _-us _

detector field of view is 2 by 8 and T_e prehas ansle the effect of deflecti_8 scaunl_ co_e is it _5 from In opera-

prism apex

of the

_0 .

5-46

"__NNmL_..

SEDR 104,

ion, _-scans

the the

drive field

system of _ew

rotates throush

the the

scanning conical

pr_ pattern

and the

detector

field

aescrlbe_

prmri_sly,

Different _:ounts of radlatlo_ strike the detector during various portions of the scan cycle, and the a_litude accordi_l_. _e of the detector output changes

detector output signal is processed by the electronics

system and t_P error signal produced is available at the electrical conhector.

Closely associated with the prism drive system is the reference signal _erator. _he output of this generator is s square wave signal _Is are signal is the fixed reference ccmpare_. _e reference

at a frequency of 30 cycles per second. against which the detector horizon signals

signal is triggered _y the interaction between a magnetic pickup coil and a semi-circular steel vane. _he surface of the scan_ prism The vane is imbedded in a slot cut into a6semb_V gear. A pickup is mounted

so that the end of its magnetized core c_s the vane. As the scennins prlm

close o the m_rface of

assembly t_A-s, the ends of the vane

pass by the end of the ma_netlse_ pickup coil core, generating the reference pulse. A subsequent electronic network converts the pulse to a _he use of this signal will be con-

phase Iocke_ 30 cycle square wave. sidere_ la_er in this section.

_e

san

shutter

consists

of a pair

of

sprin_

loaded

nctal

slides

which fit into

opposed

ira--verse slots throush the tube section of When the scennln8 mirror ass_l_ 5-47 is not

ecennln8 mirror ass_,_l_.

_NNJ_

SEDR 104

rotating field force is

spring

tensic_

I_11When the

the

two slides mirror

together is

an_ the the

detector centrifugal

obstructed. slides is

scanning to

turning,

c_ the

sufficient

open _e

shutter.

Y_frare_ radiatlcn from the fiel_ of view strikes the infrare_ detecto_ and produces system. the _e electrical signal which is processed by the elec_rAthits

tronics

infrared detectar is a thermistor bol_ter in the germa._,_,lens. of thermistor ec_atlng

active element _rse_

_he active element is a rectangular flake is coD_ected in a bridge circuit with a s4_I._ is shielded fr_ radlation. _ two f1-_s

_-terial

and

flake which biased and their By

are opposlte_

Junctic_ is cc_cted

to the input of the preamplifier which follows.

4_w_rslng the active element in the rear surface of the ger_--_,w lens the overall detectivity detect_r can be increase_ having the same field by a factc_ of view. of abo_t _he m_erial 3.5 over in _he an

_w-_rsed

thermistor flake has a high negative ance.

t_ra_e

coefflclent _f resist-

_hat is, _hen the temperature of the _-terlal is ralsed_ the flake Since the surface of the _her_eto_ flake is

resistance decreases.

blackened, it abso_os i_i_ When the shutter is closed, both

radiatic_ and its resistance is decreased. flakes in _e _etector brid_e are at

the same t_rature.

Since both flakes have the sm_

linear character-

istics, their resistances are the same. _rature

Gradual variatlc_s in _ie_t and

change the resistances of both flakes by equal mounts the s_ne.

the voltage of their _unctlon r_-_nincoming radiatic_ is focused o_ the

When the shutter opal,, compensating

active element; the

5-48

'__M_ma..a.

SEDR 104,

e_nt _

is shielded from outside radiation. _he _Tera%_u-e of the active

element is changed en_ Its resistancebecomes different from _-t of the 2 c_ensating element. As a result, there is a voltage change at the

Junction of the two f1--_s and this change is connectedtO the electronics system. As the sca_ prism turns an_ causes the detector field of view in the radiation level strlka complete

to cross the ho_:_zo_, there is a sharp cha_

i_ the detector. _e result of the radiation changes dur_

scan cycle is the generationof an apprrm_matesquarevavesignal at a frequent7 of 30 cycles per second. The electronicssystem is physlcal_y arranged so that functicmallyrelated parts are located close to each other. _he electronicssystem is dAvi_ed into et_e ma_cr circuits, located c_ individualprlnte_ circuit boards. In some cases, the requirementsof compact and ecc_._cal cc_struettcD board. circuit block have resulted in two or three related sub-circuits booster being located signal c_ one centeri_

_hus_ the functiowal_7

amplifier,

a_l phase tnverT_r-l_m4ter diagram

are located cn one board which the by dot-te_ lines. Although are not close_7 related

(Figure _.oo) shows as divided reference generator

the po_

su_30" _

circuits

in func_Ic_ _hey are buth located c_ _-_ same prlnte_ circuitboard. _e paragraphs_ha_ follow describe She func_lons of the m-Jot sectlc_s an_ s_-sectlcns of _he electronics s_s_e_. __escrIptlcnis a_l

made with z'eference "to the wa_efc_ms generatedby system operal;l_ these are shown in _ the level grm Fignre of the ma_r 5-22.

5-23. FunctionaldescrIptlc_rill be made at circuits and sub-circuits shown in the block dAa-

5-_

_N_mA.A.

$EDR 104

The radiatic_ the detector _e ouLgut

fa111,_ 5 up(m the sisal which is

detector to

determines

the by the

waveshape electronics

of

be processed

system. described 5-23. be

radiation characteristics are determined by the scanniDg cycle an_ are shown as _he first wavef(n'm, 1,'F-l, of Figure

previous_4y,

wavefc_n shows that earth radiation is higher than space radiaother as

tion and that there is an abrupt shli_ fraa o_e level to the the detector scans across the horizon, be

change in radiation reT,1_es

200 microseconds to take place because the detector is of finite size, and _le t_,_ is re_,4_ed for a ccmplete =h_*t of radiation level across the entire surface of the detector. change take place in one sec_. _TF-2 shows the detector output signal which results fron the changes taking place at the detector. signal with the exception that t_ ic_ger time. _he reason for _s _hls signal res_les radlation Thirty ccs_lete cycles of radiation

the radiation

-h_t

bet-_eenthe two levels takes a

is that approv_m-tel_ 2 m_l_econds

is re_,1_ed for _

active detector flake to reach the half-level of its _he detector output signal has an s_plitude in

now stabilized output.

the order of 2 _ l__volts.

5- z.
_e

BOOm

c acu ms

_unctlon of the two thermistor f!-_es is direct-coupled to the _e pre-a_pllfier has a voltage gain of 400

input of the pre-_ler. at 30 cycles per second.

Direct-coupliDg is use_ between pre-a_plifier

stages to provide goo_ low-frequency response an_ to prevent phase _ft. Negative feedback is used within the pre-amplifier to provide stable gain_

5-50

_VlCDONNELL

SEDR 104

_,

CENTRIFUGAL SUN SHUTTER

PRISM

I DETECTOR

li II 0 II/

.. " ,..

SCANNING

PRESENT ._ pREAMPLIFER t SUN

MAGNETIC PICK-UP _ SP-HL DETECTION CIRCUIT

VOID SIGNAL OUTPUT

REFERENCE

BOOSTER AMP

SUPER REGULATOR

SIGNAL CENTER CIRCUIT LOST

PHASE INVERTER LIMITER POWER REGULATOR & FILTER POWER INPUT I10V400 _ LIMITED SIGNAL A-C OUTPUT

POWER SUPPLY

PHASE DETECTOR & FILTER

PHASE REFERENCE GENERATOR

D-C AMPLIFIER

ERROR SIGNAL OUTPUT

_. v

REFERENCE SIGNAL OUTPUT

FMI8-59

Figure 5-22 Horizon Scanner Block Diagram 5-51

_OItlIWELL

SEDR

104

WFI-RADIATION

ON DETECTOR

WF7-PHASE INVERTED LIMITED OUTPUT SIGNAL

SPACE C. WF2-DETECTOR OUTPUT

50-150 SEC. _ WF8-1NPUTS PHASE TO DETECTOR SOURCEVIBRATINGRM A NO. 7 AT/ ATR801 SOURCE

50%

ATR02_ LOAD _ LO, R LOAD \ _ A0 _.

WFg-CHOPPER INPUT (AT NO. I CONTACT) LOAD SOURC

WF3-PREAMPLIFIER OUTPUT

KI02 WF4-BOOSTER AMPLIFIER OUTPUT (O HORIZON) SEC.

l_SOURC_" LC*A SOURCE LC*AD E Dr_ _I I k....-----.-._._

L_J

L_Jt

r----T 1 2_v.

/--___,_v:_ Csv.

WF10-CHOPPER OUTPUTS (AT NO. 7 CONTACT) LOAD SOURCE 0_.3V

WF4A-BOOSTER AMPLIFIER OUTPUT

(3so DROPPED HORIZON)

WF5-SIGNAL CENTERING CIRCUIT OUTPUT

K,0,"_

"Y_.I

""_v'---J='_--T

._--)_. sEc. _-_'WE6-LIMITER AMPLIFIEROUTPUT

_ /_ov.
INTERNAL SIGNAL WAVEFORMS a. NORMAL APPROX.

_,,

sEc. _

a. NO HORIZON

EXACTLY 36MSEC

b. LOW ALTITUDE HORIZON 1) 0 ZErOTILT VOLTS, 2) PosIt,rE tILt , _J I l 1

_.

THANSUSECWITH RESPECT BE JITTERTOLEADING MUST LESSEDGE

b. MOTOR STOPPED (LOSSOF MAGNETICPICKUP REFERENCE PULSE)

I -0 VOLTS I ; I ; i I GAINORPARTIAL SIGNAL LOSS 3) INSUFFICIENT t I

c. PARTIAL FAILUREOF SWITCHING TRANSISTOR 1) DEFECTIVE _,.v_ _, _._v,,'.j JL+14VNORMAL Q304

I t 1 . c. NORMAL SIGNAL DROPPED HORIZON

2) DEFECTIVE Q3O5

_3VDC

JL .._

vo,ts

.i,..i_.T%_MS J... _ E_ "0 d. TYPICAL LOCK-OUT SIGNAL d. SUN IN SCAN _-_-_INCI_EASED WIDTH CAIJ_EDYSUNPULSE B HORIZON I_ _-] 2) SUNINI SPACE J ; I VOLTS ............

n H
.........

TOGROUND

"I NORMAL HORIZON DISCONTINUITY ,1 _L._I,_SIUN ,J pUL_SE /-o 1-20 I I._ "_ J VOLTS

_[_

U----LOcK.Out TO.,4v

e. IMPERFECT SYNCHRONISM

LIMITED

SIGNAL

OUTPUT

AT P-101C

LIMITED

SIGNAL

OUTPUT

AT P-IO1A FMI8-60

Fi_u'e 5-23 Horizon ScarmerWave Forms

5-52

"_MOO_NNmAJ.

SEDR 104,

and the RC coupling network in the feedback loop provides a high-frequency boost to co--sate for the long detector t4._ constant. _ WF-3 shows +h_

effect of this boost. to appr_m-tely

rise time of the waveform has been reauced The booster

350 microseconds at the half-level point.

_nplifier provides an -d_itional voltage gain of 5 to 30 cycles per second. WF-4 shows the output of the booster a_plifier. amplitude is in the order of 5 volts. The peak-to-peak signal

5-43.

SIGNAL _

.CIR(Y_

In the signal processing considered previously there has been no particular interest in the voltage level of the average signal. this average signal level is important in system operation. _e However, reasou

for this is that the error signal --,stbe determined only by the phase angle between the horizon and the fixed reference in the vehicle, and amplitude variatians in the signal should have no effect. Amplitude

variations will take place because of ('J_ugesin earth temperature at different parts of the trajectory or orbit. When these amplitude varia-

tions are camb_ned with the rise-time characteristic of the detector there is a difference in phase between different portions of the leading edge and the fixed reference signal. Error signals would also be

affected by amplitude changes due to changes in amplifier gain and supp_ voltage. T.4m_tingcan be used to e14m_nate the amplitude variations slice must be taken at a point of m_,_m phase varia-

but the 14m4t_ tion.

These variations are greatest at the peaks of the wave and least Using an RC circuit to couple the signal to the l_m_ter ground.

at the center.

woul_ balance equal areas of the signal waveform above and below

5-53

_MC_NNELL

SEDR 104

Changes doc lev=l before phase

in the of

angle

of horlzon Rence,

depression a slt_nsl the site _he slgn_

would centeri_ center

_use

a shift

in the Is __loyed

the

signal.

circuit sllce

the shift

11_4ters under ell

to assure conditions.

that

is semple for clreutt consists condnct up

centering

of two diodes on opposite to opposlte in a resistiwe dlTlder.

connected peaks peak

back-to-back permlt the the

as d-o restorers. assootsted _he tvo ca_ttors levels s_pled vhteh

_he dtoAes to then chsrp

and thus values of

signal. and the eo:ples

are

_med the

_tTlder

network, follower

fdm is

by te_ptng is

An emitter lreutt.

this

signal

shown in _-5

to the llat_T

The s18Dal next enters the first of a pear of oaseaded f_ flers_ each of which acts u a ll:iter sDA phase inverter.

empll-

The eapllfler

eoaslsts of s srouaded emitter stage _hlch perforas the phase InTerslon, mad an w-Itter follower. The feeAbaoE ratlo ls about _0:i emd the o_erThe output sWln8 Is i0 vOlts eaoh side

ell 8en of the seotlon Is about 30. of the fixed lO-volt level. time _hen the emitter follover eeltter

A low outlnatJape4sn_e is maintained 4nrlng the is in _utof_ stage by feedt_ the signal from the dioAe.

_ollector

of the _

,_t,'eotl_

throut;h & shunt

The first sectlon of the fee4back e_pllfler Is lea by the signal centertag _ireutt. Xts output eisnal ls fed is the to "llatted stSaal lSatteA outlet" _l/fter eusa shorn in _IbB1_MBtlally

_F-6. t_

Part o_ this I:IL_II1

another

same ms the first, _e_e

it _m_tez1_oem secom4 11sverslomto beemme s & _:e Omtl_t of the 11mlter esrrles

mirror _mal;eof the om_1_t of the flre_ seetlom. seetlom is thus the 4msl signal _ in _-8.

While e_t1_ers_4P_

5-54

_M_NNIILL

SEDR 104

the useful

stSnsl

_-#on_tion,

the

presence

of

the

st&_l

_13 In the

be found rect_te_

in ea-ce].lt_

out umles_-_le

rLl_le

ccerl_nents

A 1_t_" of sj._e_rtcsl, (T_-8). Fr_ these the

ltuLted detector

stSasls

enter

the stSn_

4erector _l_teh is

section pro_ort_le m44conopposition _he

dez_Lves s 4-c bet_m

t:20]_L1 tO the phase _e__mce 1)o:blt of the two bo_.so_ sists ]_

the z_.tel_mce 11-lee _ The l_8ae or choppers, sensitive drven _

2]_tercep_s.

z_t_fter t_ phase

of two SPDI' l_Ol-___ze_ z_J_rs, _ese the are

the ::_tez_ac:e stKua2. Cbol_e_s p_des _21_1e. the

d_stKnst, ed. rlOZ

11102 (IG'_). rectXgeatXon,

use of _o mta_l:r lo_

_2v_q_es

of f-_ _ w_ve

TO w_lerstm_t to _ two _ e_itor the _e]Jttive are

antto]a

of the

_h,'OaOq_ drw _ the

reotifer_ hor:_]a

t_ ls

esse_t_ S_aoe the tt_

]phaa:lJa8 of _ile 180 out

sXSIla_.

driven

of phase,

arm of one emmee_

to the source while the arm of the other c_=aeets Its c_aeitor Swlteh-over takes place when the radla_ sector of the se_ _he vertle&l _, z_fereaee _k of the sensor and mrll_b_

to the load. bema c_sses

occurs 180 later.

whea it is eoaaeeted to the source, the e_itor InLYseaa_ ]partoft he earth latXee. The ce_aeltor

receives part of the s_

is charge_ _osltlve1_ _"_Ia8 the ewltohe_ in portion of the earth Im_e _e_tlve3_ a,ri_ the swltche_ In _ortioa of the sky _-3te. to the horizon, each e_itor _el_fo_e_ Xf the sensor -ha_ge_t i8 ZerO,

hori_oa_al is 1_el

i_ ne_tive_ the iBeX;_ha_ge

8_ a_10tlllt e_ml_ tO _he 1x)et_,XTe _ha_e.

5-5_

__m/.IM

SEDR 104

If

the senso_ t_ilts eharps

with respec_ to the horizon the s:ount t_at is not equal to the mount it ther_ore, no lc_er zero.

each

eapaeito: negatively. signal tilt

positively

charges _he net for posltlve

_e net charge is,

st the _ of the sensor

of _he d-e _plt._e_ (ew as vieve_ fma

ls thus positive the sensor

along the seem a_s)

an_ negative fo_ a tilt In _he pposltedirection. WF-9 and WF-10 indicate respectlve_,v voltage c_ each chopper sn_ the une_iaed _e output.

output of the phase detecto_ is o_ine_

an_ filtered

in an R-C varies

netv_rk at the Iz_ut at"the d.e ampli_Aer. _he sl_nal at this point appr_Hte_v volts. factor. _e 100 _ a_3ifier per degree of tilt au_ +_- _ i_ut is at hi_

level is - 0.15 a low ripple

iaqmdance to maintain three, _ output

With a 8ain of apprc_mstely

of the _mmlifier

is 286 my per de_e Part of the output balanced circuit

tilt of the sensor, reverslngpolarity at zero tllt. is fed back to the M_tter of the iz_ut erase. _e

ccz_tion

m_94_4zes the output drift with temperature

fluctuatic_.

_re generate_, is lost. _teh

are t_o cc_dAtlcnsunder v_eh neme3_, vhen the sen appears Signals prodnced under these by its out_ that

unuante_ error sl_aals are in "the scan an_ _hen the hc_izou eondi_Icu trigger a logic circuit is

indicates

the sun Is present O_

or the horizc_

lost (hence _he deslgnatlcnS_.WT. CirCUit). _S dAsc_---ct _e _-e error output from the vehicle
5-56

can be used to systea. _he

guidance

"_,__ffLL

SEDR 104

effect of sun presence is shown graphic_1]y in the waveforma of I_ _ 5-_3tr_j Be sun pulse introduces an w_y_trical e1_nt into _he signal to be false. _ae Be

and the horizon _-formation derived fran it is llke_

_he presence of the sun's radiati_a is perceived at the detector. s_ stars occurs, radiation is b,_d_eds of _4_e and other the bodies stage produce of the greater than that of the earth. si_Lls. puts When a sun p,,1.e out a negative

neE14gible pre-s_plifier

second

p,,1.e

wlth a peak enpl_t_t_eof _

to four volts.

_hlS pulse causes the

Void Signal Circuit to produce an output. in a nm_al

When a horizon is present

scan a signal of 5 of 6 volts from the signal centering cirshutoff. s_e effect _he absence as a sun

cuit suffices to keep the void circuit _llfier of the signal _hen _he horizon is lost has the

l_,!Ae-- it causes the void _xpllfier to conduct with a consequent o_tput ou_nt of _ _ into a loa_ of 2000 _= or less.

5J_.

PHASg _E

SIgnAL C_CUIT is produced by the scanu_ s_ whenBe

A phase reference si_al ever it passes *_ot_

its _st

point with respect to _he Sensor.

reference signal is generated in the scanning system. equa_

Xt consists of two

spaced pulses, c_e positive an_ o_e negative, for each revolu_ese pulses trigger the bistable _,Itlwith the scan

tion of _he scanning s_e:_ vl_rator+ cycle. c_llti_ _ _

two-level detector section is in sy_o_l_a

output of _he reference generator under various operating is shown in Figure _-2S.

5-57

_o_lJ_,.

SEDR 104

a,P Y
A]] the power required to operate the sensar is derived from the 110 volt, _00 cps line by a built-ln power supply. throu@h the transformer. _e Input to the supply is

pr_m-ry of this transformer is tapped liEe

an auto-transformer to provide low voltage a-c to operate the scanning motor. The transformer secondary output is i_.13wave rectified to produce, _ae +30 and -30 volt out-

-30, +30 and +16 volts d-c with respect to ground. puts are fed to the Regulator.

The +16 volts supplies the reference genPart of the transformer secondary volt-

erator, and void signal circuits.

age is rectified separately to produce ,m_egulated power for use in the reference generator and the void signal output current smplifler.

5-50.

POWER REGULATOR AND SUPER REGULATOR CIRCUITS The Regulator circuits convert the outI_Atsof the power supply into regulated voltages for use in the sensor. Most of the voltages are regu-

lated by cascaded zener diodes which maintain a substantial/y constant voltage across their terminals by an effect s_m_far to break-down in a gas discharge regulator. The regulator also contains a sys, aetrlcal Since the

arrangement of transistors connected as emitter followers.

base potential of each transistor is fi_ed by zener action, the output voltage is accor_ly re_,Inted with reasonably low noise. _xis out-

put is filtered and further regulated in the Super Re_,lator circuit to provide the amplifier. highly regulated voltage required by the detector and pre-

This voltage is extremely stable and its noise content is The zener diodes used in these circuits

essentially transistor noise.

are 1/4 watt units which regulate within 5%.

5-58

SECTION

Vl

SEQUENCE SYSTEM,LAUNCH RETROGRADE OR ABORT

TABLE TITLE Normal Mission Sequence ........................ Escape System.......................................... OF CONTENTS PAGE 6-3 6-14

.iiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiii!iiii!!ii!iiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_
'::iiiiii!ii!iiiiiiilHiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiii

6-1

_MCDONNELI-

SEDR 104

_h" @

_ o

,
., '

_ _ _ i
_ _ -_ -_ _

_ _
U

_ _
_ o _

_o _

'

__

__

_ _ _ _ _ _._

_ _.-_o

__ _oo ._0 -

(9@@

Figure6-1 Normal MissionSequence

6-2

___""

$EDR 104

6-2.

La_BCB_OUaU

STAG_

6-3.

mmum, zcm
_t_ launch _ t4_ stegtng sequence inactive estsbllshes until basic references At stsgt_, at the

c_ launch and then reaains booster after engine a t_mnt7

_

staging.

:tsetles's being
fired.

separates, second t_
bolt

resulting delay.

in the escape _e
a_

tower bolts are

la_a4._

fired

eseape

rockets
the

4-u_q_ 4atel_

tower

detonation

subsequently

system beeone8

arned.

oPzaAmzox
sequence _nlle _nlch system is _ntttate4 by tvo 28 V d-e signals l_toff (_= F_ure from the _Ls Relay

occur at 2 in____s after

6-2).

is known as +_ in _

zero refereaeeen_ energizesa Tine Zero Lateh_

No. 3 Launch an_ Orbit Rel_y Bax locatedwAthln the spacecraft. back-up sw_tch i8 provi6ed in the e_ _:ese see _ 28 V slsnals

An aeta'onaut eontrolAe_ signals fr_ the :lsstle

_o not res_h the spacecraft.

Mae _ f_...ntion
/

to the M_--_ _ _-4,_ l.lftc_f

Al_tude versus

sensor

results

in estab:lAshins _

the Spprc_-

the t_e _ _

anabcn, t n_r oeeu_. ooeur _hereb

aate_y 135 seec|xls lssile sta_ a separation_ the booetez engine

the wehanleeA

oause the :Loss of spseeere_t poem_ this de-emr_Lsed

to the Boos'_er _

Separation

Sensor _ela_.

teleX'; power wAl_. be appled to the Tower _son

6-3

20 Second Time Dele_ -

NNELL
TWR. JETT. WARN LIGHT J

SEDR

104

LANDING SYSTEM (ARMED)

DUAL BAROSWITCHS LANDING ARMED

IIII

I 2,=FT =SYSTEM
IN Si RIE_S

l SENSOR RELAY (DE-ENERGIZED) SRACECRAFT-TOWER DISCONNECT

B H H
SYSTEM ARMRELAy -(2 SEC.T.D.) MAIN CHUTE DELAyRELAY (2 SEC. T.D.)

10,_600 FT

BAROSWITCH IN SERIES

LANDING SYSTEM ARMED

STAGING
TWR. JETT. SEPARATION DIE LAY RELAY (1 SEC. T.D.) SPACECRAFT -_ INTERLOCK RELAY .20G THRUST q FIRE RELAY JETT. RKT. H ROCKET JETTISON

WARN. LIGHT

WARN. LT. RELAy (_ SEC. T.D.)

RING LIMIT SWITCHES

ROCKET FIRERELAy

ROCKET J

t
RELAY (20 SEC. T.D) ENGI NE SENSORRELAY DE-ENERGIZED

i
BOLTS RELAY _

It H I
BOOSTER ENG. SEP. 28 VOLTS AT J ATLAS J

BOLTS SQUIBS

SATELLITE CLOCK

LIFT-OF____

TIME ZERO RELAY

_o_
[_ USEIF ATLASFAILSTO PRODUCE LIFT-OFFSIGNAL. [_ LOSSOF 28 VOLT POWER.

I F
ASTRONAUT*S TIME ZERO SWITCH q

MAXIMUM SENSOR ALTITUDE

_[_ IF ESCAPE ROCKETS FAIL ,TO FiRE AND THRUST DECAYS TO ,20G. [_> TOWER RiNG INTERLOCKRELAY ALSO=NERGIZED. IS DD'ToWPR RING INTERLOCKMUST BE ENERGIZED FOR JET= TISON ROCKET FiRERELAyTO ENERGIZE. FMI8-121 A

Figure

6-2 Launch

Through

Staging

Block Diagram

6-4

M_._ONNIII,.L

SEDR 104

Relay. of the
/Tower

After

20 seconds,

power will

be

applied Relay

through

the

contacts t h_

Tower Jettiso_

20 Second

Time Delay

_o energize

Separatlc_ Bolts Power Rela_ and the Tower Jettison Warning _he Tower Separation Bolts Power Relay is DC Squib _luib Bus through Bus power fires will the Squib Wo of the _m

Light Relay (2 sec. T.D.). armed by both Seiteh. five squibs vhen mente_ Switches the +h_ Main

and Xsolated _h_ Isolated

When energized, squibs (2 bolts) _he

fires three also As the

of the five

and Main Squib Bus pover Tower Ring Bolts separates, normal contacts. Rocket the Main Znterlock Relay the is Relay

(3 bolts.

be energized three seg-

Tower Separation Ring the their Escape _tle

energized. Tower

Tower C_-_. return to

_.h_ee an_

Cl,w_. Ring T._mtt and Main Squib

position

,_!nw

Isolated Squib

Bus power through / both Rocket the _rgency _l_y,

'l_e Isolated Fire Relay

Bus power energizes Emergency Jettison the con-

and the

Fire

Squib

Bus power

energizes

both

Escape Rocket Fire Rela_ and the Jettison Rocket Fire Relay.

As the

tacts of the Emergency Jettison and Jettison Rocket Fire Relays are connected in parallel, either relay _ill fire all squibs of the Jettison Rocket from the two _i_ferent pover sc_rces, m_e _rgency Escape and and

Escape Rocket Fire Relays are ecnnecte_ in the iaentieal same _ner will fire 811 squibs of the Escape Rocket from both pover sources. Power to energize the _rgeney is route_ through the .2g _ust craft 1 Seco_ _-_ Delay Relay

Jettison and Jettison Rocket Fire Relay Relay which is energize_ through the SpaceCutoff Sensor. _ne .2g sensor plus and the the the Es-

an_ Thrust alloys the the

1 Secon_ cape

Time Delay to fire

Tove_ C_a_ D Ring to tower i_cm the

separate vith

Rockets

separating

spacecraft

Jetti-

son Rocket unfired.

When this is aec.-_llshed_ two electrical disconnects be-

tveen the to_ar au_ the spacecraft are separated and remove power from the 6-_

_N_m..

SEDR 104.

three

Tower Separation Se_sc_

Sensor Re_,

Relays. _e green

_aro_h JETT _

the

de-energized 1ght on the

No. isle-

Tower Separation light the pcver panel No. to

111_ntnstes.

_mm the to_ Separation 1 awl No. Rele_

an_ the are Chute

spacecraft de-energize_ System

separate_ s all_

1 an_ No. 2 Tover energise Rele_. Foot the No.

2 Ma4,

Arm 2 Seco_t Re]_Fs az'm_ _mA are armed.

Time Dele_ the 21,000 Delay

After Barosvitehes

2 seconds de ls_ t the Ma:ln _te and _he Main Chute Delay the 10,600 Foot

2 Second

Relays. circuit

After will

two seconds, hold the

BarosvAtches the time _m,_.

_he power descends se_e

at these _o foot

points

m_t_l

spacecraft the landing

down through

21,000

range,

at which

is In_tlate_.

Refer tO Sectlo_ VII of _s

6-5. 6-6.

smas_

z=scazl:_ow
Second _ _he Spacecraft to .20g. _e is initiated by sustA1-_r engine cutof_ at _ch Adapter three Bolts are fired, providing and the accelerattc_ fou_ explosive has decayed

Posigrade

Rockets

electrical

disconnects are fired _--_llate_ result in spacecraft separation.

after the bolts are detonated an_ Spacecraft separation is sensed and ini-

tiates five seconds o_ rate d_-pIng which Is followe_ by orbit o_iantetion in _alch the spacecraft rotates 180o degrees an_ settles into a 34 crblt attltu_e.

66

 IICDONNELL

SEDR 104

<_lllllllllllllllllll

_ooE

('----_ o

_ _-

_=_ o=_ 2= = _

_ _==
_z _ _

_ '

- __
"uz
_

= _

T;
__=_

_z _o_

o=.

r ........................

_
u

2
_gure

T'

,__ _
U i

(.___o

F_1_101

6-3 _o_

S_g

Bl_k

Dh_

6-7

__m_l.

SEDR 104

6-7.

OPERATION At appro_m-te_y (See Figure 6-3). 285 seconds after launch, second staging wlll occur

At this time a 28 volt d-e signal from the missile When the thrust d_ops Sensor closes. Power

rill energize the Suetalner Engine Cutoff Relay. below .20g, the .20g SwIT_.hin the _ust C_off

is then supplied through the Spacecraft Separation 1 Second Time Dela_ end Sustslner Engine C_toff Relays after the 1 Secon_ Time Delay to energize the Spacecraft Separation Bolts Power an_ the Spacecraft Separation Warning 2 Seccm_lTime Dela_ Relays. tacts, power ration Bolts. Relay from _he Main an_ Isolated Th_oush the energized conthe Spacecraft Sepa-

Bus fire

Also, Main Bus power is su_plled _ough to _11,_4,._e When the allows to the the red

the Warnlng IA_ht L_ht on the C_--T. Switch to

Time Dell7 Le_t

SgP CAPNJLE sequence Spacecraft-to-Adapter Adapter PosiErade _dapter s, pp_ Ring Rocket v4-tt Fire,

Hand Console. separates, it

tri-se_ente_ Spacecraft the

close

supplyl_ Rocket

power Fire

energize

_or_ency Squib Fire the ener_zed four create _e 8re atta_

Pos_rade Releys. contacts Spacecraft sufficient allows to the the

ana the

Spaeecraft Busses

Disconnect

_he Main an_ Isolated of these Ad_pter thrust eh,.ee relays E_losiva to separate to fire

power _h Rockets Posigra_e from the

the

Posigra_e _e

and the Rockets adapter. _h_h

Disconnects. _he spacecraft

Spacecraft atr_ps to

separatlc_ close.

T-4_rlt _t_he8 Power from the

retrograde

Isolatea

Squib Bus

flows thrce_h the closed eontaets and activates the _i Spacecraft Separation senacr -_ _l_,--_--tes Relay the _nich green extl_uishes _P the red m_ L_ht. CAP_F_E sequence Power through L_ht the

CAPSULE Sequence

6-8

__N_mgJ.

SEDR 104

_l
f_

Spaceeroft

Separation Dempiz_ Signal

Sensor Relay.

Rel_y

is

applied

to

the

Five

Seccwl Relay

Time Del_ actuates

_tivato_ Relay bringing

of the the

Dmnping Signal to

the

Orbit

Orientation

spacecraft

a S_

(blunt en_ up) orbit attitude.

6..8.

RE-_

6.9. nE an OS
In order entry rau_ sequence of the is fc_ the spacecraft to 4roD.act at a desi_ated 3000 nauical nocm_ Signal area, the re-

must be initiated to_chdovn point. _e of the

appro_-_tely method Retrograde

miles re-entry viThin

of t-_tiat_-_ Firing

sequence

by the

clos_n_

Switch

the Satelli_e Clock. pre-set Timing into starts the clock

The switch may be actlva_ed by the prior to _ for a calculated

run-o_t of tlme re-entry time. by the may be star_

at booster

liftofT.

The ,.4.m may also _he

be pre-set sequence

astronmat

or by ground

c_...,L_-a vhen necessary.

directly by using ground command tran_tters Receiver. sequence by-pass the _e final method the is for the astronaut Button. resume

and the Spacecraft to m....lly q_e last of the tvo start the

by pressing the Sate111re

Retro

Sequence A brief

methods starts with

Clock.

sequence

closing of the Retrograde Firin_ Signal S_Itch, _hich energizes the After the spacecraft has has run out, the Three fire

Retro Sequence Fire 30 Second Time Delay Relay. attained the Retro Rockets proper will attitude and the fire 5 seeo_s *-__ delay

apart.

When the

Re'fro Rockets

and the Auto Retro _ettlson Switch is in the "A_M" position, the Retro Rocket Asse_ Jettison 60 Secon_ Time Delay Relay is energlse_ and at

MCOONNmLL

$EDR 104

the

run-out

of the Packa_

60 second separation

t_._ is

delay sensed

the

Retro

Package in the

is

Jettisoned. of

_he Retro

and results

separation

the three Betro Package Electrical U_ilicals.

6-1o.

OPEP, TIO_ A The Satelllte Clock Retro power _hro_h With the Switch FAre Swltch is armed by _In Squib Bus

the Spacecraft Separation Relay contacts (See Figure 6-4). "NORM"position previous_ and the Retro FAre the Retro

Retro Delay Switch in the by any of the three

closed

mentioned
_11,m_latID_

methods,

Rocket Sequence Indicator Relay is activated Indicator Light.

the green RE_R0

With the Retro Delay Switch in the "INST' l_Osition,

power is supplied direct_7 to the contact of the Attitude Permission Relay No. i by-passing the 30 second delay. _he astronaut may _,,_11y

start the retro sequence by pressing the Retro Sequence Switch on the left hand console which _1_ energize the _rgency Retro Sequence Relay

and allow the nor_=1 sequence to be fo_1owed.

The Retro Interlock Switch

in the ASCS Calibrator closes allowing power to flow through the Emergency Retro Fire No. i Relay and energize the No. i and NO. 2 Attitude Permission Relays when the spacecraft is in the proper position for retro rocket firing. The red RETRO ATT Telelight is switched on when the Retro

Rocket Sequence Indicator Relay energizes at the start of the Retro Sequence. Normal_7_ A_ the Attitude Permission Relay extinguishes the red REPRO

Telelight, 111,_-_n_tlngthe green light and energizing the Retro Power from the Isolated

Signal Latch and the Retro Rocket Fire Relays.

S_ulb Bus is now routed throu@h the Retro Rocket Fire Relays to the

6-I0

__NIki

SEDR 104

]_tro Rockets in t_.. firing first the Left (No. I) Rocket, after a ".) second time delay the Bottom _ough (No. 2) Rocket an_ 5 _conds later +:h,___

1_Ight (No. 3) Rocket. _ill be c_leted !_uneDelay Relay. ,engage Relay allows

the Retro Signal Latch Relay: a circuit

to energize the Retro Fire Signal Disengage 23 secon_ _-e power to the coil of the Retro Fire Signal Disthe circttlt to be completed to the ASCS Calibrator

resulting in high-torque RCS operation.

_-_s high-torque operation

w_1 _ last for 23 seconds, which is 3 seco_Is more than the auration of total retro rocket firing. Be high-torque mode holds the spacecraft At the en_ of 23

in the 34 attitude while the rockets are firing. seconds, the Retro energize ing remo_ Fire power Signal fron

Disengage 23 Secon_ Time Delay Relay will Retro Fire Signal Relay and thus remov-

the

the h_h-torque

signal.

With the Attitude Switch in the "AUTO" the

positlon_ the astronaut may press the Retro FAre Switch energiz_ No. i _rgency

Retro Fire Relay AIlowing Isolated Bus power to energize space-

the No. 2 Emergency Retro Relay, firing the Retro Rockets when T_ craft ass,_e T_e proper attitude.

With the Retro Attitude Switch in the

"BY-PASS" position, -ha pressing the Retro Fire Switch which energizes the Attitude Perm_ssio_ By-Pass Relay, the Retro Rockets will be fired. regardless of the attitude of the spacecraft. When the Retro Signal Latch

is energized_ Main Squib

Bus power is supplied,to energize the Retro Rocket

Assembly Jettison 60 Second T___ Delay Relay and the Retro Fire War_ Light run 15 _econd ont_ the _-Delay Relay. After is the 1_ second time After delay the has +_ee

red FIRE RETRO Telelt_ht

ill,_t-=ted.

_-12

__NNEIkA.

SEDR 104

Retro r_ goes

Fire out

Monitor and the _elay,

Relays green

are

energized_ is

the

red FIRE 1_I_0 At _he en_

Teleltght 60 secDelay Rela_ As _he 2 111,-,_na_l. Bus

light

$11,m_n_ted. Ass_l_ t_e L_ht Retro

of l_e _-_

ond time Relay

the

Retro to

Rocket

Jettison Rocket

60 Second Ass_m_l_

a_ovs

pover

energize Warnl_

Jetttsou Relay. is

end the sectmd

Jettison t:lme de_ Rocket the rill

Retro

2 Second

Time Delay TelelXght

Is exp_-_d, Assem_]7

the

red _ Relay

1_'_0 directs

_he Retro power be heine Retro the sore to

Jettison of the Retrc

Main and Isolated Jettison of the heat Bolt.

two squ_s t_acture by a coil Assembly. _J.l pole a_ov l_mtt

Rocket _rl_

Ass_z_ly drop free be_een Retro the

bolt

and the spring _e the

package Installed

spacecraft_ and from Sen-

assisted Package spacecraft (stn_e

shleld Assembly _srsttou poslttou v11_

dropping three to

of the Retro return

Package

Rocket

Assembly normal

svltches)

_o their Re_. Relay

energtzin8 the the the Retro six

the Retro Rocket squlbs

Rocket

Assembl_ UmbilXcal

Separatlou Separation

_hls

Aseemb_

to energtze_

firing

of +h_ _2_ree Retro ,_tltesl pl_s Rocket

Rocket

Packaee after Umbilical

_tllcala dropptn8 Separation Teleltght

and _etttsc_ of the _tro Is

elactrieal

_1_ ]_oeec_ls Assemb_

Package. activated, nares is the

When the Retro it green it removes light. activates end of the for

Rela_

power

from the Retro

red JETT 1_0 Rocket

and i_ _,_Rela_

When the the

Assembl_

Separation

energized, At the

Accelercmeter t_ae _elay_

Arm _ Second the relay the .05g

Time Dela_ functions Relay. .05g sup_he Jetti-

Relay. plying

5 second

a ground of the

Main Btts power which 1 and No. 2 .05g Drop,

operates

energtzing son Asse_ly

No.

Retro

Sequence

Drop_

Sequence

and .O5g Retro

Teleltght

Power Drop t_rouEh

6-13

__NNgLL

SEDR 104.

the contacts and switches

of the involved

.05g Relay

removes

power

from the various

relays

in the retro

sequence

as well as extinguishing

the retro telelights.

6-ll. 6-Le.

ESCAPE GmmRA nESCZ: XX=' ION

The escape to provide utilizing system pr1-_rily of abort Rocket consists between of a tower assembly pre-launch andstaging. designed By

a safe means the Posi_rade staging

System,

escapes

may st_.l] be initiated operation steel until orbit. with a ring

after booster

and throughout

sustainer

The tower assembly 4 foot Escape with

consists

of a i0 foot, tubular %o its tapered end,

structure

Rocket mounted _olts

A se_ented

cls_p

3 explosives upper

secures the base Attached

of the tower

to the recovery Nozzle Adapter assembly under tower nor-

compartment

flange.

to the Escape

Rocket

Plate is a Jettison after the Escape real launch separation

RocEet which

is used to Jettison fired Rocket for an abort;

the tower however,

Rocket has been the Escape

conditions

is fired

to accomplish

at time of booster

engine separation.

6-13.

ESCAPE

__ORE

LIF_0FF

BEFORE _ILICAL controlled

DISCONNECT the Mayday Relays.

0nly one gro-nd This signal

signal will energize

is a direct Relays.

hard_line from the blocE (Ref. Figure Switch

hollse Abort

Switch to the Maythe

the MaydAy day Relays

The sequence

6-5) to energize

is as follows:

The Abort

is activated is applied

energizing

50 Micro-Second

Time Delay Relay.

28 volts

through

the 50

6-14

I1CDONNELL

SEDR

104

F',

z_N

u >" v-

_.,_ _Z

>_

o _

_ u_

z_ _.

_8 _

8:

....

_i_' _ "
FMI 8-149

Figure 6-5

Escape Before Liftoff 6-15

Before Umbilical

Disconnect

NNiiLL

SEDR 104_

Micro-Second Mayday Relays. launch signal, Pins house _ to

T_-_

Delay

Relay event is

contacts the

and through

tb_ m_ ssile

to

the

In the

spacecraft to

must be aborted the hardline

on the abort

pad and the there is

m_ ssile

unable

tran_tt

one other abort

method which wired

may be selected.

Umbilical the block Relay relay of the spaceGround relay

and 45 are the

and transmit

28 V power from Abort Signal this to not

spacecrai_'s

Ground Co.w-nd in the relay. is

Latching

energizing craft Test until

a na locking

_rough transmitted

energized the pole

28 V Squib Umbilical the relay is is

Arm Bus power however,

Relay; is

power will _e ,m_ilical. it woula only

continue relay if

through

this

de-energized. the

way the

may be dethis the _ abort block and _5) After the

energized method house

by ejecting

_herefore, be necessary (power to is is

required to

to be used, select the

for pins

conducter

Abort

Switch the

and within

mi_l_seco_ds are 6-16.

thereafter the

,w_ilical sequence

ejected. the

Mayday Relays in paragraph

energized,

escape

same as explained

6-1_.

ESCAPE BEFORE T_TVTOFF FTER _3ILICAL A

DISCONNECT

During countdownj there will be apprn_4mate_ 50 to 90 seconds between time of spacecrafts unbillcal eject and time zero, which is two inches liftoff. (1) _-e During this period, the three available methods of abort are: block house to missile (2) hardline abort receiver result signal abort as explained signal; the (3) in the Astronaut's

previous Abort

paragraph; Handle. _hese

Ground c_.!_nd methods all

three

in energizing

Mayday Relays.

6-16

_PN_fl./.

SEDR 104

After may be

liftoff,

(Time _ey

Zero), are:

there (1)

ere

three

methods receiver

by which abort

an abort signal

_-_tiated_

Ground c_n_d

an_ (2)

Ast_=._-,,tbort Handle, both of which were possible methods in A (3) method The Booster Catastrophic Failure Detection been noneffective in the two previous para_i

the prevlov_ _aph, System. graphs _s +.bt_

has

due to the _i TAme Zero Relay being de-energize_.

However, _

Zero Relay is energized two inches after liftoff and completes a circuit to the Nayday Relays if the Catastrophic Failure Detection Relay is ae-energlzeclby loss of power fron the missile.

6-16.
When the will mate, craft Relay occur the Mayday Relays are energized, Light Bolts the on the Power abort left is is sequence (See Figure will and the _e Abort Adapter required the for Escape the to re6-6)

as follows: Spacecraft

The abort Separation Light

hand console energized

_33,--_Space-

Relay

Separation in the

Warning

Time Delay Sensor is

Relay energizes com_utes

energized. after the

MA_--_n _e to

Altitude

Spacecraft time delay

separation. the spacecraft

M-_--_ reach

Altitude a safe Separation Ring

Sensor d_m-4c Bolts

pressure Squibs the the

before will three

_ettisoning

Tower.

The Spacecraft _ n_nal

be fired, _4_4t

releasing switches Rocket

Spacecraft-/_=pter turn to their

and allowing energizing

positions

Emergency

Escape

Fire Relay, the Escape Roe_*t Fire Relay an_ the Spacecraft Adapter Disconnect Squib Fire Relay, firing the Escape Rocket and the four Spacecraft Adapter Explowive Disconnect Squibs. of _ fr_n the _e Escape Rocket's 56,000 pounds

will _eparate the spacecraft frc_ the missile an_ carry it away sustainer at a mall angle.
6-18

The Spacecraft

Separation

Sensor

MODONNELL

SEDR 104

T_tm_t Switches turns on the

also green _

energize

Spacecraft

Separaticm 3 and also

Sensor energizes

Relays, the

which Tower

CAPSULE Teleli@ht

Separation Abort Interlock Latching Relay.

The Abort Interlock Relay

energizes the Retro Rocket Assembly Jettisca Relay and fires the two squibs of the Retro Rocket Assembly Jettisca Bolt. fracture and the package will drop free of the The bolt will

spacecraft, being and Retro

assisted by a coil spring installed between the Heat _ield Package Assembly for this purpose.

When the spacecraft reaches a maxi-

altitude, contacts in the Maximum Altitude Sensor will close and energize the Tower Separation Bolts Power Relay firing the bolts. the three tower bolts are fractured, +_e segmented Tower Clamp As

separates allowing the *._ee Tower Ring Limit Switches to return to their normal position energizing the Emergency Jettison and Jettison Rocket Fire Relays. _ou@h these relays and their parallel contacts

Main and Isolated Bus power will fire the squibs of _b_ Jettison Rocket. The tower will be Jettisoned clear of the spacecraft resulting in separating the two Tower to Spacecraft Electrical Discon-ects. _e separa-

tion of either disconnect will de-energize the Tower Separation Sensor Relays energizing the Abort Rate Damping Relay _ro,;_hthe contacts of the Tower Separation Abort Interlock Relay. _nls relay will send a sig-

nal to the ASCS c-remandingrate damping until time of Main Chute deployment. De-energizing the Tower Separation Relays will also stert two 2

second timers in the recovery sequence.

The first timer will arm the

21,000 Foot Baroswitches and two seconds later the second timer arms the 10,600 Ft. Baroswitches.

6-.19

6-20

_O_O_Bg.L

SEDR 104

6-17. ESO:'E
F

ATZON
of initiating the an abort escape after after liftoff staging are identical (1) to

The methods the methods

named for

and are:

Ground

ccemaandreceiver abort signal; (2)

Astronaut Abort Handle; (3) Booster AnY of the three methods _ "1 ] which occurs by the energizing

Catastrophic Failure Detection System. energize -of these the Ma_l_y is Relays. described The sequence in the

relays

following

paragraph.

6,.18. OPE TZON

The signal to the missile contacts to the which energizes _ Mayday Relays engine also (See is transmitted 6-7). is .20g to Power the sepaReastro.20g, can-

tO shut down the of the ABORT Light _h_us_ energized on the

sustainer

Figure

_w0t_h plated contacts the Relay

Mayday Relays_ main instrument are armed.

a power panel

circuit

and the

of the

Cutoff

Sensor the

As thrust Separation squibs

decays Bolts

contacts firing

close five Adapter the s_

and energize Spacecraft Clamp Ring. as the normal

Spacecraft Bolts

Separation

and zeparating clamp Paragraph ring 6-7). (i.e.,

Spacecraft ration entry naut is

The sequence sequence

following to

(Refer emergency

may be accomplished

by any of the

procedures

or ground initiated). before flight the and it

Refer also to Paragraph 6-9. has desired obtained to fire the the correct Retro

If the abort is velocity fc_ the Retro

initiated orbital /

spacecraft is not

Rockets,

Package must be Jettisoned manually,

it sh_,!d be noted that even if the

spacecraft does not attain orbital velocity, the quickest way for reentry is by _a_rgency firing of Retro Rockets.

6-21

SECTION

VII

SEQUENCE SYSTEM, LANDING THROUGH RECOVERY

TABLE TITLE

OF CONTENTS

PAG

Automatic Sequence Description .............. 7-3 Automatic Sequence Operation ............... 7-4 Emergency Sequence Description ............. 7-7 Emergency Sequence Operation .............. 7-1( System Components ................................

7-1_

7-1

JWOOO_NmLL

SEDR 104

vii. s ....

imcE SYSTmLAmminGm0UGHm covm z

7-m. AOmU TIC SEQUm CE sc oN m

_e _a-_4_ end recovery sequencing and to _e to Initiate sequence land the system provides safely for automatic after electrical an ab_ in the or sub-

and mechanical normal sequent e drogue craft re-entry_ recovery.

spececrat_t aids

locating

assistance system

pr_mmry (completely initially

aut_matic)

incorporates the for space-

parachute, inttisl

used phase

to decelerate

and stabilize

in the

of recovery circuits failures. have

and a main parachute been incorporated Is to

further the utiltzIn the

deceleration. possibility

Redundant of stng_e-point

eliminate

The landing

accomplished

Lug a 63-foot-dlsmeter parachute which is deployed at 10,600 feet.

event of a main chute failure, a 63-foot-diameter reserve chute may be def

ployed by the astronaut's m.anualselection.

Both main and reserve chutes _he reefing line is

are reefed tO 1_m_t s_ock loads at initial opening.

severed autcuatically after a pradetermine_ time delay and the chute will open ful_, souna f_ lowering the spacecraft at the prescribed l-ridingspeed. and ranging (SOFAR) b_ A

is attached to the main chute risers When the risers

and is releaser as a function of main chute deployment.

I_,_Itaut, f_e b_._ is ejected and falls to the ocean ahead of the spacecraft. When the b_._ reaches a depth of 2,_00 feet below sea level, it is

detonated thus

provla_-g means for deter_-_ng a

the appro_m-te

location of After

the spacecraft _n_,g

area by soun_ fixing an_ ranging stations.

main chute deployment, the landing impact bag is extended, providing a cushioning effect for the landing impact. After impact, the ma_n chute

is autc_aticall_ disconnected followed by reserve chute ejection; however, chute disconnect is delayed as a function of the Rescue Aids Switch: in autc_atlc (AbvfO),a 10-minute delay is accomplished; in manual (MAN), a cue-second delay is accc_pllshed. _erefore, 7-_ if the astronaut desires

m_DO_N/B._.

$EDR I04

t_medat_

chute

meparation at 4.Tact_

he must positi_

the Rescue Aids (at

Switch to the "MAN" position any portio= naut will _ of the lO-_,_te egress no_a]__y

at impact to by-pass _elay r_.4._._ after

the 1D-minute delay :Impact). _e astro-

taking

with him the survival

klt which

contains a 1_ee raft and other survival aids.

7-2. A_TIC

._,

OP_
separation, power is removed from the Tower Separation Relays

On rover

_he Main Chute Syltem Arm 2-Secoz_l _J.neDelay Relays tO be energized (See FA_n-e 7-i). After the 2-second time delay has run out pover _icws throughthe closed ecuta_ts energizingthe Main Chute2-Second Time Delay Relays, and a_ter a 2-second _elay arms the No. 1 10,600 ft. Baroswltchthroush +h. 10,600 ft. Arm Relay cc_tacts. 5_e No. 1 and No. 2 Baroseitches before are _ired in series thereby requiring both swatches to be closed

normal m-tn chute deployment

can be accc_lishe_,

q_e No. 2 21,000

ft. Baroswltohis arme_ +_oush the closed contacts of the Main _ute Systea Arm 2-Second Time Delay Relays. Upo_ descent to 21,000 ft., both the No. 1 and No. 2 21,000 foot Baronltches, which are wired in series, close _hereby energizing deployingthe I_ the D_o_e Deploy Rels_, _ the Drogue Chute M_Gar,

Parachute. _he Drogue Chute stabilizesan_ decelerates

the spacecraft. At sppr--4:_te_710,600 ft., the 10,600 ft. BaromrAt_hes actuate cix-euits the _,4. and _ Deploy Relays resutting o_ all four squibs in the r_oval of the squib ground E_ect_r. a_ Also,

of the Antenna Fairing

the Main Deploy Warai_ at the end of 2-seoc_l _he Antenna Fairing

Light 2-Seconcl _,,,_ Dela_ Relay is ae_uate_, del_

the ze(1 Main Deplo_ Telellght is l_--4--te_. Sensor Arm Rela_ are energized _ the

Sepeawtic_

74

__NNMLL

SEDR 104

closed

cc_ta_ts Sensor firing Fairing Aute--a c_ax_nt. limit is

of the

M_n

Deploy

Relays

arming

the

two Antenna

Fairi_

Separatin_ _e Antenna from the the chute to

Swi_es. four Antenna Fairing EJectc_ Squibs A la_Lrd_ the causes the

of _A to

separate

from the to the

spacecraft. extracts

co_nected from conthe

Fairing

Main Chute_ opens

Main Chute

The Main Chute shock severed loads. Four

_.Itla_ the in the

in the reefed chute is deployed, lane

dition reefing alAowing _he

seconds

after c_ge

1t_e the

by a pyrotechnic to open _y. fairing from

reefing

cutters

para_,_te

separatic_

of the

the

spacecraft

o!lows

the

Antenna

Fairing Separatlo_ Sensor Switches 1;o functlcn. power is routed _ to _ bottom energize squibs of the the Main Ejector fire_ Main the _hey Chute Antenna Relay

_]_coushthe switches, firing a gas_ the filling the Main Ejector the E_ecof

Bag Squibs. tot the

generate compartment Fairin_

Bag at the chute.

aiding Separation

e_ectton Relays

At _he

same time

Signal

are ener_Ize_

i1?,--_,atln8the _reen Main Deploy Telelight and re_ovi_ Power Is also directed through the Autenna

power from the re_ telelight.

Fairing Separatic_ Sensors to energize the Main Inertia S_rltchArm 12Seeo_l Time Delay Relays. energized Extend contacts and Landing allow After power the to be Light 12-seco_ supplied 2,-Secon_ time to Tt_ _elay has the Relays run out, the Ba_ as

energize Delay

___ding as well

Bag Naming

to the Inertla Switches.

_he closed contacts of Landln_ Bag Extend

Relay

fire the squibs of the Landi_

Ba_ Valve releasin_ the heat shiel_1and As _ 2-secon_ time delay runs o_t,

extending the impact landing bag.

7-5

_ONNi_LL

SEDR 104

the Landing _

Ws_

Light Relay illmminates the red T_ndiD_ Reg Unlock Sig-

Telelig_ht. Upon heat shield separatlon, the Ianding _g

nal T,_m_tSwitches are actuated and through its closed contact_ power from the Auto I_ Bag Fuse is directed to energize the T_,_ the green Ta.A_n_ Bag Telelight

Bag Extend Signal Relay ill_ti_ and extinguishing the red light.

_he force of impact on la_i_

operates the T-ertia Switches which provide power to the coils of the Impact Relays. Through the closed contacts of the Yzpact Relays, power
Tal, w14._ _Sr_ Re.B _,_h

is supplied to energize the Post

the

activated contacts of the Post T_,A_,_ System Relays, power is tr_--mitred to energize the Impact Signal Relay. contacts of the Post T_In_ Also through the closed

System Relays, the Flashing Recovery _en the

Light circuit is ccmpleted sett_n_ the light in operation.

Impact Signal Relay is energized, the green M_in Deploy and T_nd_,= Bag Telelights are exttnsulshed is ill-m4-_ted. and the red Rescue Aide Telelight "MAN", at the end

With the Rescue Aids Switch in

of the l-secoDd time delay, the Spacecraft Stabilization Relay is activated allowing the Main Disconnect and Reserve Disconnect Relays to be energized; with the switch in "AUTO", this action is delayed energized contacts of Main Disconnect Relays_ the I0 minutes. _ough the

Main Chute Discannect _e Re-

Squibs are fired, releasing the main chute from the spacecraft. serve Disconnect Relays fire the Reserve Chute Disconnect Squibs

releaetDg

the Reserve Chute an_ energizing the Reserve Deploy Relays. Deploy Relays fire the Reserve Chute E_ector Bag Squibs.

The Reserve

The Reserve

7-6

"_M_DONNffLL

SEDR 104

Chute second pelling switch with Post Rescue

Ejector delay the is the

I_g

Squibs

activate time

the

_s

generator the

which ejector

has

a one-

in ignition Reserve Chute

before

inflating

bag exRescue Aids delay and the

and the

dye _rker. or s_ter Aids

When the the

placed s_tch

in the in

"MA_" position the Rescue

10-minute Signal Relay

"AU_0"_

Switch are

Landl_ Aids

System Switch

Power Drop Hold Relay Signal Relay the removes light.

energize4, from the

q_e energized red Rescue Aids

power _e

Telelight

and tll,_nates

green

Post-I_ADg

STstem

Power Drop Hold Relay energizes the Second Antenna activating its iml_t applied Post full Time Delay Extend the length. and, Relay. is At the energized

Post-Ta-dln_ System Power Dzop 30the the the 30-second t_._ delay Extend the Whip

end of firing

Relay gas

Whip Autemm element Re_ys Rescue delay are Aids

Squibs to on power of the System Iand_n_ is

cartridge _hen the

exteDdl_ Post-EandAng position

active

of antenna energize_ Switch, coil

System of the time

depending

on the or after

t-_4ate_ System

a 10-minute

to the

Landing

Power Drop Hold I_ After the

.,_-Io the Post I_d_ t S0-sec_n_ delay, the Post

Drop _0-Second

Time l_e3a_r.

System Power Drop Relay is e_r_ize_ maining

which removes power flwm the re-

cmqnents

except the WhipAntenna Extend aelay.

7-3.
_he emergency provisions of the _ -_.ually-operated back-up systems system basle-_ ly consist of _e appro-

initiated by the astronaut.

prlate button, pu11-rin_ and switches are located on the Left Hand Con-

7-7

_ONItlELL

SEDR 104

\ '\

-ANTENNA I "SOFAR BOMB HF WHIP ANTENNA

FAIRING

i '

/
/

PILOT

CHUTE LANYARD

IE CHUTE RISER

:HUTE HUTE

""

"_

PILOT CHUTE RISER

DEPLOYMENT

GUN

RESERVECHUTE EJECTOR SAG

TO ANTENNA

FAIRING

PILOT CHUTE lANYARD TO DEPLOYMENT

DYE

RESERVEPARACHUTE

PILOT CHUTE RISER

FM18-65

Figure %2 Main and Reserve

Parachute 7-8

System

(Sheet

1 of 2)

_rMCDONNELL

SEDI{

104,

CHUTE

ANTENNA FAIRING

SOFAR N3_/

DYE_RKER

FM18-65

Figure 7-2 Main and Reserve Parachute System (Sheet 2 of 2) 7-9

__Nm_t.

SEDR 104

sole. the

The emergency Drogue,

system

controls Chutes,

manusJ__-tnittated extension of the

_eployment LsndJ_g Bag,

of and

Main and Reserve of rescue aids.

initiation

7-4-.

msms
On descending lack naut allows of opent_

OPZaATIm
to 21,000 shock ft., if Drogue Chute cheek through failure the is detected the by astro-

and _y a visual

window,

will depress the I_ogue button (See Figure the Emergency Drogue Deploy Relay to

7-3). Depressinghe button t

and the Dro@_e

be energized

Chute Mortar Squibs to _e fired deploying the Drogue Chute. Main Deploy Telell_t deploy decrease not may be detected in rate the fails to t"!],,,.t--,t_, by a lack failure of the _nt a visual the

If the green Chute to and no has Con-

of opening shock, that

check

of descent. astronaut

Upon determining will place the

Main Chute

deployed,

Recovery

Arm Switch

on the

trol I_I

to the .mmml

position.

If Main Chute Deploy is stl]_ not

sensed, operating the Main Deploy Pull Ring energizes the Emergency Main Deploy Relay, firing the Antenna Fairing Ejector Squibs, ejecting the Antenna sequence. Fairl_ and deploying green _4_ the Main Chute Telelight through is the nor -_1 ill-m_-ated aut_-_tic and the

When the

Deploy

rate of descent is greater than 32-feet-per-second, the chute is vls, m_ly checked for damage. If the chute is damaged or did l_serve not deploy, actuating

the Reserve Deploy _,11 _yugh

Ring w_11 energize the

Deploy Relays.

the energized contacts of the Reserve Deploy Relays, power is Chute l_sconnect fi_ the squibs disconnect___ the

applied to the F,_t.

chute frc_ the spacecraft. Bag Squibs the ejector are fired

At the same time, the Reserve Chute E_ector a gas after the a 1-second Reserve delay and _n_4ati_

_nerati_ aids

bag which

in deployiu_ 7-10

Chute.

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

DROGUE DEPLOY RELAy

MORTAR SQUIBS

DROGUE CHUTE

EMERGENCy DROGUE CHUTE _41 _L_iL_T_"

_ o_-L

DROGUE CHUTE

EMERGENCY MAIN DEPLOY RELAy

ANTENNA FAIRING EJECTOR SQUIBS MAIN CHUTE DEPLOYED BY THE AUTOMATIC SEQUENCE

J_

MAIN CHUTE FALLS TO DEPLOY

RESERVECkfLITE DEPLOY GUN SQUIBS PILOT CHUTE RESERVE f DEPLOY RELAYS MAIN CHUTE

DISCONNECT SQUIBS

EJECTOR MAIN CHUTE FAILS _IAG SQUIBS RESERVECHUTE EJECTOR BAG ELECTRICAL SLGNAL Ill

TO DEPLOY OR IS DAMAGED

I_
I

MECHANICAL
GAS INITIATED MOVEMENT

!
EMERGENCY LANDING BAG VALVE SQUIBS LANDING BAG SQUIBS DISCONNECT I RESERVECHUTE DISCONNECT

EMERGENCY LANDING BAG EXTEND RELAY

LANDING FAILS

BAG

MAIN

CHUTE

RESERVE CHUTE DEPLOY GUN SQUIBS PILOT CHUTE

NOTE: RESCUEAIDS SWITCH PCSITtONED TO "MANUAL" TO BY-PASS "AUTO" 10-MINUTE DELAy.

I0 MIN. J T.D. RESCUE AIDS (10 MIN, T.D. RELAy)

I I

_ 30 SECJ .D.

SQUIBS EJECTOR BAG RESERVECHUTE EJECTOR BAG WHIP ANTENNA SQUIBS WHIP ANTENNA FMI8-66A

Figure

7-3 Landing

and Recovery

Emergency

System

7-11

ml_OONNBZ.L

SEDR 104

Twelve seconds Bag _llght

s__er the Main Ch_

is _p_j_ If the light

the green d.oes not cm_ on, pl_e

should be t_.md_a1_1.

the Landing Bag S_Ltch in the "MAW"positions Landing _ releas_ u_nrtes Extend Relay, f_rJ:S the l_-rgoncy the beat after _ shlel_ end _

enm'Slzi_

the EuergeneT"

Land_S BsS Valve Squibs, bag. Ten

the impact _

the Rescue kLds Swtch By-Pass Relay is ener_Lzed. the relay by-passes to fire the Rescue A_ds Swtch and enar_zes the Math Chute Dsco_-et Deploy Gun, _ the

_lhon aetlva'._ rel_m

vhch mq_l_- po_r

8qulbs as yell. the _ector Bag

as "the squibs

for the Reserve, as if

Dseonneetj

In the mine a_ner

the mritch were place_l in the "MAN"position.

mo m
_e 6rc_w parachute ass,._l.y (See Figure 7-5) eo_slsts of a eon_ea_
_plo_ beg_ ribbo_1-t_ _ogue e_nop_ vitb _1%'ser, drogue

_ro_e

mortar,

sabot,

aria &rogue mortar cover. havi_

_e

drogue parachute

cano-

py 18 a conical tensile tensile strength strength

ribbon parachute ribbons each. _

8 gores of 2-1nch wlde_ l_O-lb. n_lon suspension is constructe_ lines of 1,(XX)-lb. of 6.85

on_ 8 tubular para_-te

to a dl_eter

feet end per,m-entryreefe_ (restricted) an efTecttve to feet by ,.e--,_ of pocket bands. The ccnst.w_te_ ree_) total

d_a_eter of 6.0 is 27.9%

porosity

and the effectivepc_oelty (_hro_

Is 36.3_. _he 30-ft.

Integral riser is made frcw three layers of 3,000-1b.tensile strength low-elevation hot-stretched Daero_ webbing. _he drogue parachute stabtli-

7-12

,MCDONNELL

SEDR

104

1 2 3 4 5 6

ANTENNA FAIRING EJECTOR GUN PARACHUTE DISCONNECTS(2) RECOVERy LIGHT ANTENNA LANYARD BARD SWITCHES (4) MAIN CHUTEAND SAG

7 EJECTIONBAGS{2) 8 GAS GENERATORS (2)

9 10 11 12 13 i4 15 16 17'

SHARK REPELLANT DROGUEMORTAR WHIPANTENNA PILOT CHUTEDEPLOYMENT GUN PILOTCHUTE RESERVE CHUTEAND BAG SEAMARKER INERTIASWITCH SOFARBOMB.

J NOTE VII_V LOOKING INBOARD LEFTHAND SIDE

FM18-67

Figure

7-4 Landing

and Recovery

System

Installation

7-13

 _ONglELI-

_ SEDR 104

FMI8-68

Figure

7-5 Drogue

Parachute

7-14

1.

"O" RING

5.

CA_[RIDGE

2. SABOT 3. 4. INSULATION COVER

6. CHAMBER

Figure 7-6 Drogue

Chute

Mortar

Assembly

R3"I PLECTR'CALCONN"C'O"_ PROTECT'VECAE R'"C"AMBER !!ATTACHMET _0B_"T_'N'" OOR_'NOPL0_O0_B i

FMI8-74

Figure %7 Main and Reserve

Chute Gas Generator

7-15

__ma.a.

SEDR 104

zes and decelerates riser and 5.9 ibs.

the ine_

spaeeera_.

canopy weighs Daero_ r_ser. of (i)

2..9 Ibs. The _c_e

wlthout pars-

the 30-ft.

chute deployaent

bag serves

a _ual function

protect_

the drogue

parachute _
of the ric

eJe_

a_ (2) _
_he bq vebbing

means_or order:_ dep1oymnt

saracen fab-

&ro6ue parachute. vith _1_

is _A__eactlxred of cotton

reinforee_l

aria covered at the upper en_ vAth a

heat insulato_of glass cloth. _he bag is weighte4 at the upper end vlth a 0.5 lb. lea_ &isc _hlch assists in strippingthe bag fr_ the canopy at the c_.__leticnf 14.A and riser stretchout. Inside the bag are o cotton vide light tapes orderly cott_ to v_4_h the riser riser cord. deployment. is secured _uring packing in order to provith a

_he mouth of the bag is closed

7-7. modus_
_he _ ploy_nt pressure
packe_ in

_o_

_rDS_SO_
e_ectio_ mortar is a device _rAth sufficient forces.
in _he

parachute

for positive to overe _

Ael_al is
a

of the drogue parachute gradAe_ts

a protective

ener_

an_ _avitaticnal
bag an_ stove_

_he 4roL_e parachute

molar tube o_.top of

_ASht_t
e_ect frc_

sabot (See_
pack, charge. of mall

7-6). :he sabot _me_ns

when pressure_ _ae propellant volv_e, i_

as a p_s_onto
&_nera_ fire_ _nlch into

the parachute a pyrote-_-_c eh..-_er

below by gases charge is _-ttial_

a breech

to produce high pressure

is subat rel-

sequent_,7 vented through a small orifice attve_,7 .4.4,_._ lover since pressures. the pressure In this M--e_,

sad into the main ,_-._er reaction loads

are kept to a _he

energy is not e_enAed

instan_aneousl_.

7-16

"_MO_NNE_.

SEDR 104

pressure stalled x_

se:!4-u in a _ve

quality

of the sabot

is derived

from an "O" ring, are located _

in-

near the base.

Two mall

holes

in _he "O" sabot of c_

groove to ve_t

air _ra_ped in the mortar tube u_er_a_h the "On ring

instalAaticn. _ m_ar

For proper operation_

and the inner wall

tube_ which Is always in contactwith the "0" ring, are _.before installatic_. Be dro_w parachute by a _ antenna pack is retaine_ in

brica_e_ its et_ which is

posltlcD vAthia _he mortar _e attached to the upper surface in the sides

metal "Rene-_l"cover houai_, routing q_wee cutof the to and at the

of _e

out sectic_s_ steel cable

provide_ risers into

of the cover,

permit

the drogue chute can. comp_t a_t

m_o cover negative from its

is designed decelerations

constrain also time

the chute

in its

to require

m_-_m-I forces Pressure that atte#_t

to break loose

attaohm,nts

of deploy_nt..

of _he chute pack causes

_he cover "to deflect

in such a ma_r heads th_

tabs i_,11o_t from _der attaching serev

a slotteA hole designed for this purpose. _he ener_ required

to expel the Aro_ue chute from its compartmentis provided from high pressure gases, _enera_edby i_nltlon of a pyrote-h-_ccharge. _he cartridge is 1Oe_0___Ath 66 grains to a steel bo_ _nich of powder, contained hooses the lgni_lon in a propellant w_J_ can attached in an

anA terminates

eleetrlcalconnector. Be i_nltlc_ circuitryeomslats of two separate and IndlvIAualbridges, either of which is capable of igniting the power charge upo_ applicatic_ 7_. MAIN PARA_ _e riser, main parachute deployment be_, assembl_ consists of: main parachute canopy, of the proper current.

and parachute

disconnect.

_he main parachute

7-17

_ONNELI-

SEDR 104

Figure

7-8 Main Parachute

and Packing

Box

SHORTING WIRE 3] SQULBCA_RIDGE 4. BUSHING , STRUCTURE

6. PISTON 7. LEADBUFFER 8. ARM 5. SHEAR PIN

i FMI8-71

Figure 7-9 Main and Reserve 7-18

Parachute

Disconnect

At'ICDONNELL

SEDR

104

Ii
2. 3. I 1. BODY PROJECTILE FIRING MECHANISM 5. 6. 4. ELECTRICAL CARTRIDGE MA!NCARTRIDGE SHEAR PiN

II

Figure 7-10 Pilot Chute

Deployment

Gun

FMI8-73

Figure %11 Parachute

Ejector

Bag

7-19

_N_m.L

SEDR 104

canopy ls a 63-foot chute ls fabrtcate_ chute cloth

DRY4"-1 dtmeter

rlngsstl

type.

_he rlz_sall

para-

from 2,25- and 1.1-ounce per sT,_e

yar4 nylnn para-

into _8 gores with _8 suspension l_s

o: _:_-poun_ tenslle bag -._h:J.eh pro-

strength. _he :-_- parachuteis pa_ke4 in a deploymnt

vtaem a 1_ sna_

force aria orderly aeplo_en_ (See FA_n_ 7_).

_e

bag is :anufa_tur_lfro: cotton vebbing an_ eovere_

sateen fabric, relnfcree4vlth _Icn

a_ the upper end vlth _:erao1ex enA glmmecloth the be_, :i4n_ along its length,is a pair of trans-

insulation. _4de

verse locking flaps. _helr funetlcn Is to separatethe canopy fabrle fr_ possible _t v_Lth the l_-As and to eause full 11he stretch-

cutbefore canopy deploy.

7-9. P_ DZsc_ Both main and reserve a device disc_-_ct c_) a_ter designe_ parachutes are att_rh_d loads to the spacecra_ during descent 10 -_w_es by

to sustain _e

the parachute

and to (+ 3. seeafter

_he pe_achute. _act _Ath _

chute is disconnected

Rescue Aids S_ltch

in "_TO" o_ _ 8ecc_ l_pact). _-

positioning

the Rescue Aids S_Ateh to

"MA_" (a_ter

ass_l_ vhlch is around

consists of _ separatedetails inst_1_l in a mounting _ure an integralpart of the space_ra_t. _e parachute riser is _

the am _hlch transal_sthe load to the structurethrcushthe plstc_. The shear pin restrains the piston frc_ a_ _ion te_a4_ _o dAsplace tt.

_hen the chute _iscc_neetsignal Is ec_le_) an_ _ resul_ e_pand_ gas fc_ces _-

a squib cartri4geis fired into the arm

pisS;on fca_ard

recess_ cuttlng

_he shear pin :In the process.

F.11 d.lsplaee_e_t of

7-20

'_._Hmg.i

SEDR 104,

pstc_ _

removes par_;;_e

load. tranm_ssc_

to s_unture_

a_

the riser lea&

am to ro_e slips buffer of _

around, t_e pvot pin.

_he loop of _he parachute functo_ i8 ca_lete. en_ prevents _e

off the arm end the disconne_ serves to absorb e_-_gy the _

of moving gst_ pos_v_.

rebom_

p_tc_ back into

_e

reserve

parachute

assesb_y

consists

of:

the pllot parachute d_sconnect.

chute deploycanopy_ reserve _ reserve

gun and _s parachute parachute with _ _et

p1_t para_ute

I reserve parachute

deployment bag_ en_ reserve deployment bag ls of flaps

s4u_lA_ to the main pare_h_,te

deploymen_ bag the v'J.'_ cauop_"

the addition

st the upper ena of the bag to contain parachute d_sccnnect is Identical parachute

p1ot chu'r,e,

q_e reserve

used to dlsccanect

the m_n parachu_. eauop_.

_he reserve

is _entleal

wth "the main pa_-_ute

7-11. PILO_ PARACSU_ _e pilot parachute bridle. is a fl_; eircular It is --.ufaetured type_ 72 inches in dXe_er

wth a 30 _. febrlo

at 3._-o.nce

per square yawl

In the cauoP7 and 2.2_-ounce fabrlc

:in the vanes.

7-12.

cruz

OTto

step

:In T_ae seque__n_e

of

resez_e

p_n'a_hute

deplo_zent.

Ei%her

gas

presst_e

or ma elec'brtcal
ot_ee

tzqp,_,,e _
is

cause the gun to fire,

at_aclze_ tO _Aze msez_e

thus extmLli_
pilot;

a 12chttte.

]pz'o_e_.-t_ile Idlt31

parachute

%21

__i1"_

' SEDR 104

_he pilot chute Inflates and in turn _,II. out the:reserve chute, ccmpletlng the sequence. matlca_, Whether fired electrlea_ or pneu-

a c_e-secc_d time delay is provided between receipt of the end detonatic_ of the maln charge, q_S delay frmt permits the ma4n the spacecra__ _ to gun

parachute

(if

deployed

and damaged) reserve

to

separate

avot_L entanglmnent

vAth the

parachute

to be deployed.

is basicall_ a tub-la_ body _nlch ccntalns the main firing eartridge and the pro_ectile assmbl_. _e projectile ase_a_ly is held _e in place main cart-

by a pin which is aheare4 _hen the projectile Is expelled. rldge, which _nerate8 as follmm: (i) the gas pressure to eject the firing

projectile, is fired :ec_antm (s_pplle_

Gas pressure, through +-_,. gas

when RESERVE PULL-RI_

is operate4), drives a fi_

pin into the primer

cap at the base of the ,.a_ causing pressure a subsequent

cartridge, 4n4tlating a time delay train, of the charge. A m_,_m (2) of 750 psi gas

detonation

is required fur pnemmatlc operatlcn.

An electric i_ulse

is received at the time _ela_ igniter Install_ gun.

through the si_e of the

A_ter a c_e-secc_d delay, the igniter fires through the wall of the Fi_ characteristics

main cartridge and _etc_ates it instantaneously. of the igniter certrid_e are as follows: bridge, A]] Fail C_+_nt 0.5 a_ps

All Fire Current 2._ stopsper q_ i_nttton elrcutt con_,_z_e

per brtd_e,

sists of two indAvi_ual bridges termdnatin_ in a _-pln receptacle. velocity of the pro_ectlle is 250-300 ft/sec.

7-13.P .mm'm mmm,<

The e_ector ized n_l_ bags are inflatable air cells made of lightwelght rubberis that

fabric (See FAgure 7-11).

_he design _-_lated _

7-22

_'_sM_C_NNILL

$EDR 104

of a cylinder height.

I 11 inches

in

di_eter

an_ appro_ate_7 slanted overboard at f_,11

35 inches inflation impact.

in to pro-

_he _per

end of the bag is pack

mote Jettison

of the psrachute

after

7-14.
_ts to __a_e is a device the main to provide a rapia parachute an_ sufficient e_ector bags volmne (See of gas Figure 7-7).

end reserve

_he reserve parachute gas generator is sI_I, parachute except the additional feature of I_ time.

to that used for the main second delay in ignition

The generator functions to produce gas by the relatively slow The gas is a 3/8 inch-

burning of a solid-powder prope11-_t in the main ch-mher. directe_ from the main ch-_er dismeter stainless steel tube. into the ejector bags +_ough

The tube serves also as a heat exchanger to

reduce temperatures to wi1_hintolerable values prior to entry into the ejector bag. the The generator body is eq_Lppe_ with lugs for mounting to Ignitic_ circuit characteristics

parachute container with four bolts, _I Fire Current 2._

are as follows:

a_ps, All Fail C%trrent0.5 amps.

7-15.

DYE _

PACg_T

The d_e marker packet is a post lending recovery aid which performs _its function by dissolving in waterI thus producing a highly visible yellowgreen patch. Apprn_m-tely 1 pound of fluorescein dye is packed into a

soluble plastic bag_ wh4ch in turn is packed luto an outer al,-.1-umcontainer. The entire packet assembly is ejected overboard, at the time of _e fluorescein dye farms a spot on the ocean sur-

reserve chute ejection.

face which is visible from an airplane 10,600 feet high at a distance of i0 miles on a clear day. 7-23

__mo_,J.

SEDR 104

CAUTI_ The dye marker pae_e in a day place should be strand

au_ not be axposed to water.

To aid _n the _sual fleahi_ l_8ht is

locatic_

of the spacecraft

after

1._,

_s Inuta_.l__.nthe recover7 such t2mt it will be _stble

c_pertment.

2he 2ntensity for 40 rate

of the light

in normal darkness feet. _he fls_ht.a

nau_cal m1es A_ up to an altitude

of J2,000

is appr_m-tely 15 flashes per minute. Poweredby a battery pack 3.0cate_ within the space,raft,the l_ht's circuitwall be closed +h_gh energized, ontacts of the Post _ c by the closing of the Inertia Sw2tehes System Relays which are actlvaT_d on impa_t follcved by the energizi_

the Impact Relays. _he llght will operate for approximately hours. 28

7-17. ww_ A_mA

To provide recovery operation of the _F voice receiver-_rsns_ter _e and. HF active element

beacon after

_-T.act_ a Whip Antenna s used, c_a_tion in the recovery

is stowed, in a collapsed, extended

c_partment

end _hen

is apprn_mn_e_7 16 fee_ I_.

_he an_,_- is exteDdedby a

gas cartridgewhich is activate__hen Sb_ Post-Lsndlz_System Powar Drop 30-SecondTiae Delay Rela7 energlzesthe Whip Ante--a Exte_ Rely7. _he Post Lendin_ Syste_ Power Drop 30-Secon_Time Delay is started. _-tel_ u_ impact with the Rescue Aids S_itch in "MA_" --_ after a lO-mlnute

delay _Ith the switch in "A_TO". While it is extendinga galllag action takes place between the se_m,_nts of the active element holding it r_Ld in.

the extended position.

7-24

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

Figure

7-12 Baroswitch

FM18-79

Figure 7-13 Inertia

Switch

7-25

_M_NNIILL

SEDR 104

7-18.

BAROSWXTCHES
_here (See cluded and to Figure are two pairs in of these Baroswitches switches, used an in the recovery spring system is in-

7-12).

over-center

in the design to prevent contact

mi_4m_ze oscillation.

chatter _e

dur4___ vibration switches are

an_ Shock in the

located

recovery other at

ccmpar_nent t one pair 10,600 feet.

is set to close

at 211000

feet; the

_e

inertia switch is essentiallya spriDg device actuatedby mass

(See FAzure 7-13). A landing shock of 7.5 _!,,_or :Anus i. l_' s minim=n will produce mcmantary closing of two electricalcontacts,thus
c_leti_ with an electrical circuit. _h_s SWitch is used in COD_-nction and by latch-

a latching

relay which

receives

an electrical

pulse

ing into the close_ 'l_,e inertia switches

positionl

provides

continuot_s electrical

continuity. switches

used consist

of four separate

snap-action

a_d two separate

masses_

all housed

in a c,_._,_o_ case.

A post-lar_llng recovery "sound fixing it detonates Shock waves _ ranging".

aid.

SOFAR is an abbreviated performs

form for when

This component pressure

its function water

by l_dro-static

at a predetermined by

depth. devices is

from the explosion

are receivea

sound detection

aboard picket

ships or shore bases

and a positio_

fix on the capsule

thus made. _he _

_he SQFAR Bc_ system which

range of the Mercury SOFAR Bm_

is tossed overboard by action

is 3000 miles.

of the :_,ainchute (See Figure 7-i_).

e_ecti_n

is preset

to _eto_ate at S_O0 ft. 7-26

SqVlCDONAIELL

SEDR 104

\ //

I/

SURFPICE

PIN5

FIRING PIN-_ -INTERRUPTER

SHE NP, PIN

OPERJqTJON
"f_ DETONF_TtON OF THEMRIN IN TWO STRGE5: cH,qRGE ISRCCOMPLISHED

SURFACE

R. W_TER PRESSURE ON SUP.FRCE ",q' CRERTES R FORCE SUFFICIENT FO BREF{K SNERR PIN",q" PEffMITTING THE IHTERRUPTEI_ BLOCK TO MOVE UPWARD ,qG._IN5T THE 3TOPPING SHOULDER. WHEN )N TH)3 POSITION_ THE PRIMER CHJqRGE IS IN LINE WITH THE FIRING- PIN. B. WBITER PRESSURE ON SURFRCE 'B'CREI_TE,S FOF_CE TO BREAK 5HEflR PIN "B" BHD DRIVE THE FIRING PIN INTO THE PRIMER CHFIRGE. THE PI_IMER CNFIRGE BL,qST5 INTO THE BOOSTER CHARGE Vl/_ THE LEND iN ORIFICE_ riND THE BOOSTER CHARGE CRUSE3 THE MAIN CH_qR&E TO DETONATE. STREklGTH OF SHEBR 'PIN"B" IS PREDETER.MINED FOR DESIRED bETONFC_IOI-I DEPTH. STRENGTH OF 3HE,_R P_N"B" 15 3UCH TH,qT iT WILL SHE,qI_ BT R DEPTH OF _PPROXIM_TELY ONE HFILF THE DEPTH REQUIREI) TO SHERR PiN "B".

DEIONRTOR

LEAD

IN

BOOSTER

C,

z ./ MRIN CHRRGE/ HB) -'f (0.7 LB.

,_Tr,j/,

:/.

.(-

,//

FMI8-1,54

Figure

7-14 Sofar Bomb

Schematic

7-27

SECTION

VIII

ESCAPE AND JETTISON ROCKET SYSTEMS

TABLE TITLE

OF" CONTENTS PAGE 8-4 8-4

System Description .................................. Escape Tower ......................................... Escape Rocket ............................

............. 8-4 8-7 8-9 8-12

Jettison Rocket........................................ Astronaut Controls ................................ _F :::_ System Operation ...................................

8-1

_ONNELL

SEDR 104

_8

o_O

UO,.

O< _ _ Z

_z_
Z_

o_o

FMI8-50A'I

Figure 8-1 Escape

System

(Sheet

1 of 2)

8-2

8-3

_i_V_mLa.

SEDR 104

YZZZ, ES_.:'Z _

JL_Z_ZSON _

8T8'_(

_he spacecraft

escape qstAm ec=slsts of the exeal_ tower, ese_e Zn a(MAtt_, t.hez_ are a_to

rocket aa_ esealm to_m_ 0ettSson rocket, trols available a nanual =-tic 8-2. E_ M1e eseape in len_. 8equenc_ to the ss_reuaut baek_ _ of certain an escape to tnl_late events mr a _

an escape sequence _

vhieh normal3_ occur by autonisslcn.

_owe_ is a welA1ed s_eel st_eture sppr_z4--telsy the spaeee.va_et reeorer7

ten ecu_

5he t_Ner _s attaehedLto e_

by a three-se_

flag. _he se_sen_s of the e_

ring are held

toKetherby +_ree explosivebolts. _he _ rides a mounting base for the eseape rocket.

en_ of the escape _over lwoMae escape tower 81so pro-

vi_es fc_ _he ro_lug of the elee_riealvArlng neeessax7_o provide ignlti_ of _he esee_e rocket, escape owe_ _et_Isonx_ e_losive bol_s. str_,l;_e, 8-3. _SCA_ 5he escape rocket ccmis_s of an elee_Ao-:_y actuated ISai_er asses_IF_ refer Fo_ a more _etei_ end _he e_-uD_

dAseussicuof the esea_e Aue_].l.es.

to Se_-_io= 3, Ma,l_" _

s _ - laeh _iSO steel case, rocket noule asseub_V,phu_n ehmber anl a sofA4 propellant(see I_ 8-2). 5he length of the escape xx_ket Is 8ppro_i15

na_e_y 70 Inches. 5he a4e_eter of _he rocket ease is 8ppr_us_e_y

8-4

,MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

IGNITER FLIGHT HEAD (

IEPTACLE

FOT[IN RETAINING TUBE i FLARE

CASE

CASE

IGNITION

RING PROPELLANT

GRAIN ASSEMELY_

IGNITER ASSEMBLy ROCKET

JETTISON

MIRROR I/4 WAVE

"0"

RING_

TOWER MOUNTING AND JACKET STUD

DAVIDSON

ESCAPE ROCKET FM18-52A

Figure 8-2 Escape

Rocket

8-5

_mRnlr&L

SEDR 104

_hes.

_he weight

of the motor prior stabil_t7_

to _ ballast

is app_-Rtel_V is emd_ to

6_0 pounds.

]Vor aero&ymMcal

opofthe t
incorporates at 19 degrees so as to dlreQt spe_e_t_. which provides _e Je_tisan _t _e three _m eq--_ly _l_e

SMet loft),
space4 nozzles. of rocket ou_ _e nozzles case to cen_lne an& awq _oa

moor
are cants4 o_ nonle the tower and a boss motor. o_

_he ro_x_t blast eft _losure

of the rocket

motor inc_porstes rocket

for the :Lur_13a_ rocket sot_ sl_or. is aec_.ltshe8 rocket _e boss

of the Je_son also provides

for _he attar_--nt

the thrust thrv_

_e

Ol_tCal stshtt_ _t

oft he resultant atrror. em_e_um per_a_e olaosll_les Is sensltve the to

vector

by the _

_he escape form_aton. propellant

projpelA_r_ t8 a p_t_e _ates Bureau of _lostves q_e. propel_nt

Un_

as a "Class B _plostve".

_ressure an_ a s_ark or flee :a_ easl_y ignite it. _e l_ellsat _raln is an tn_zmal into bwm_ nine-pont star _eh is cast ,_e_l_ port _estsa, the

and boa_e_ to the case. :l_t

With the nine-poin_ ls ze&um_.

posebtllt_y of thzu_ _._ n_

_hls t8 4us to t_e q'_e for

slAsh-eat betvean the star p_'_s an_ the exhaust n_s. resu_taW_ exe_ thrust at 70 4e_rees F. is _2,000 pounds to 5000 _

0.78 of a secoa4; it then drops o_T ,-_or:l_ 0._ of a seec_. _e tc_l i_ pcem_-secea_s.

in the next

_e +___rt _3.1. then _4,,_,,_sh at a re4uce4 rate to zero. c_ _ motor, at sea level, is sppzoziaate_y _,_00

8-6

_N_llfA,t.

SEDR 104

_ae escape zeeket _ e_lete_ 4_lent

igaiter

is a Me_ _ _te_

a..1

_it _

vA_ two

4_!tiatiea

te eecM _mtt.

lai_istloa sTetemto eachua_ ham Xade_t eat _stterles.Oae uX_ is e_tesl _rae._Aew.1_r_e_' _

eXre:ttrl _

eXffer-

Xu shoe, ma

is a eeatrsl

dazstioa. _ts uaXt is esseatla_ a alaXs_=re a msAi pz_ _ _ieh eaa _e aitA_tte

reekerrotor. Xt iae_rstes laiti_e_ _ ei_er of _ _lle_e. aa aa_ _ _

sqai_ss_ first

_ _o_assims

watt is tae _

ualt,e_i_se4, of mi_.t,_t'e a _l.eh

plastlet_e f411e_. _"A_M _-e_l.da_ &

are loest_4 t_o sets _ l_Lvesqu_.

A_ oae squib is ee_sble of

_he Jet_Isoa z_-_

Is a qealifle_ _

retzoeait. q_e rocket

eoulst_ ef an elee_esl/_ se_as_ed _alter, stupor ease sin4 trla aossle ssse_T'. _e nessles sre _ e_ aossle. st 30 4eszees _ _=e roeMet nighs eea_erltae _M_.O I_ua4:,

e_ z_._e_: ease te _l/ae

aa:a Xeageh_ 18 _teaes, aXmeter _._Xnehe,, e a of aaaIneaaees 600

._Te,m_ ef _t _mket has _m mt X'_t m fe_ 3.._5 seeea_ a_ TO,_ees F. at sea Xeve". _he

meeesm_,aX3_ ft.ree. _

-7_ 4eip'ees F _e 17'3 _lelp_es F.

%eveX,0 wmm.

capabilities. r_ t_

uaXt is e/_e,2

_a slm_ewith a h_ z_ket. _e _A_er

he_

m_

la_ the top of the _etti_en

eo_a_e _t_-

mt_

T Srm, et_-_

_At_

l_Aets_axea aze_Sa_ea_ a,__aeof

8-7

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

POTTING

IGNITER ASSEMBLY MODEL4004 U.S. FLARE _

SHUNT IGNITER

GASKET_

_PLUG

RETAINING RING PROPELLANT GRAIN "O" ASSEMBLy

!l
ELECTRICAL IAGRAM D

!!

FMI8-53 A

Figure 8-3_,Jettison Rocketl 8-8_

"__NmAL

SEDR 104

fcu:

squibs.

_he four s_s has i_

are .azTa_Ded,4. _

peirs

_ _

Ik_l,l,ba_ sou_ae.

each. Zaeh _

elreultz7/_oa a dAfferen__

as rmt's

eem",'ols

the escape

of the abet _a_al.; in adaAtl_, thee are tvo Za_tl-rlngso.p_A,le t aaunal bee_ ab_ 5he ha_ of e_ic handle's _z_ tunc_la_s. tunotlc_ is to InAtlatethe abort sequence. ha_ dux_ ]_meh. Loeaton of

is also _

as a re_ ef _

the ebox_ handle is f_ rea_;. Fo_ an _

8s1:_naut'ssuZ_ox_ eou_h left ax: loeste_ 4, to be :orated

_-_1_tate_ abort, the release button be da_resse_, -11a_Au_ the handle post_ien, _

the top of the handAe u,_ cut_oa_. _ _ved

1;o the eb_

(o_boa_)

an ele_rAc81

mrl4_h is _e_, els_ x_

_hl_h se_s _o 4eI_

8paeeez_-_o-a_ initiated,provldAn8 _h:t

bol_8. _ze escape sequence is 1_ ha8 bee_ dAso_te4.

main _ilieal

Be_roze umbiIAeolrelease_

abort hsndle 18 Ino_Ive. _o l_-zlngs are Io_ on the left ban_ e_m_ole of _ nain ins_-

the sj_eere..et-_p-_ z_.

e lm_

the eseape t_"

e_

Z_eate_ ImmeaAa_e17a4_aceat "to 't, e p-_-x_ h

are _o tele-11_

111mlas_;e green _paeeers_

when the eseape _

tom"

has bee_ _e_tiscned

an_ when the

has separa_e_

the booster-adal_er,

respectively.

8-9

_MCDONIVELL

SED]_ 104

LEFT

SWITCH

A6ORT H,6,ND LE- -_

LOCK RELEASE

/___

SUPPORT ASSY_

LX

MIC ROPHONE , BUTTON

_7_ R,_

",,./

\
"\ PILOT ABORT LT. (BLOCKHOUSE) BLOCKHOUSE 24V DC POWER ABORT HANDLE LOCKING PIN _ _ 43 UMBILICAL 93 ;

SIGNALS'

TOMAy DAY

NOTE
[_)SEE FIGUREIIi-tS _ I

ABORT SWITCH

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

_j_ GROUND TEST UMB. I_LAy

PM_d-st'A Figure8-4_ Abort Handle

8-10

MCDONNELL,

!SEDR 104

'

GAS GENERATOR

:::I

TO EXPLOSIVE BOLT

,
hPLJLLRINGS j _.v iL.H. CONSOLE J"ABORT" LIGHT ILLUMINATES WHEN IABOKf SEQUENCE IS INITIATED I'JETT TOWER" LIGHT ILLUMINATES I GREEN WHEN nEXCAPE TOWER HAS SEPERATED I FROM SPACECRAFT

/
"_'-_.._ 2_ / / _ J

I"SEPCAPSULE"

LIGHT ILLUMINATES

GREEN

,/

_WHENISPACECRAFT HAS SEPERATED FROM I BOOSTER ADAPTER.

TO GAS G_

f_

I EXPLOSIVE

BOLT

I EXPLOSIVE

BOLT

ONE SIDE ELECTRIC SQUIB ACTUATED ONE SIDE PRIMER CAP ACTUATED. JTYFICAL ONE pLACE ON SPACECRAFT TO BOOSTER ADAPTER CLAMP RING TYPICAL ONE PLACE ON ESCAPE TOWER TO SPACECRAFT CLAMP RING

BOTH SIDES ELECTRIC SQUIB ACTUATED TYPICAL TWO PLACES ON SPACECRAFT TO BOOSTER ADAPTER CLAMP RING. TYP$CAL TWO PLACES ON ESCAPE TOWER TO SPACECRAFT CLAMp RING.

IFM18-143

IFigure

8-5_ Emergency

Clamp

Ring

Controls

18-ii

__mA.A.

SEDR 104

8-6.

et_ATX_
Under norm_ escs_e mission tower c_ conditions: ring tower is clu_ vhe_ the escape syst_ is not T + escape

used, 15_ r_

the sees.

detonated ring

at e_prox_atel_ the

When the

escspe

separates,

i_tes

and carries the escEpe tower clear of the spacecraft.

Under norm_1 Liaslon eonditlons, the escape tower Jettison rocket is Dot firecl. Nor"rally, the c_ r_,_ bolts are detonated _ auth--tic

sequencing which applies electrical power to the squibs in the e_ bolts. If de_tion of the esee_ tower clamp bolts fails to occur

as the result of autcmetlc sequencing, the astronaut m_y Jettison the tower nmna_ by pulling the pu11-ring adjacent to the "JEST TOWn" Activating the i_I 1.rlng closes

tele'llght on the instrt_mentpanel.

a toggle swltch and 8pplies an alternate source of electrical power to the cl_ gas is generator connected bolt squibs. locate_ to a _sion extra.ion r_-_ squib to behiml ActlvatIDK the l-,11-ri_ also Initlates s the cap 4-ntawment located panel, q_e the gas three generator explosive thus

in one of

bolts,

qgte rapid the in all _ the

of gas fires the explesive boZ% be detonated even with a loss

Of electrical

circuits.

Under boreal conditions,

the spaceeraft-to-ads_ter

cllmp rt-_
_t-o_L_

is

detonated by a_tcmatic sequencing at sustainer e_Ane

(_,CO).

T, the event that the clsmp ring fails to detonate as the result of aut-_tic by I_ _--_t sequenein8, the aetrons_t my
\

detonate the (_1_..

tin 8 -m'_,=_ly

the puli-ri_ panel.

adjacent to the "SEP CAPSULB" isle-light on the to

_his action initiates a series of events si_ rlng above.

those deserlbe_ for the escs_e tower el_

__NNmAJi.

SEDR 104

_le after

spacecra__

electrical

system provides

for an abort

t_me

"the gantry is removed,. Whenan abort is _-_tat_l of 4-4_tatlng _ abort),

(See SectJ.cn

6 for variousmethods

the spaee_-to-saapter

16 detonated,the escape rocket i_4ted, an_ _he _aeeeraft is prope_l_l escape away fron rocket will the booster. carry If the abort Is made off the pad, I;o an altltuAe tra_ectoryt the

the spacecraft

of apprn-_u-tel_ by a

2_00 feet. At The peak of the escape alti______ se_or_ escape W

as 4et;erained

the escape _tover _1 _.

ring is _Letonated.

Jettlscn rocket ignited, an_ the escape rover propel _d Two seeon_ after rover _ettlsoning,the

eeay from the spacecra_.

drogue chute is _eployed. Two seconds a_ter drogue ,_te 4epio_ment, f_ the antenna fairing is released. M_e release, the heat _eld seconds after antenna falrln_ the la_ i_ .,_,'t.

Ii releued, exten_

f_

8-13

SECTION IX

POSIGRADE ROCKET SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENTS
S\

TITLE
System Description ................................... Posigrade Rocket ..................................... Rocket Igniter., .................................... System Operation. ..................................

PAGE
9-3 9-3 , .... 9-3 :9-5

' -,' i!!!!! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

"%i_iiiiiiiiiii!!i!iiiil[iiiiiiii!i!lli

::_i_!iiii! iiiHilHiiiiiiiiiiH_
9-1

_OItlNELL

!SEDR 104

SQUIB

IGNITIO

IGNITER ASSEMBLY MODEL 3004 U.S. FLARE

RETROGRADE ROCKE]

ROCKET PACKAGE _ _ Rc_TROGRADE

E_'CT_._L

DIAGRAM

FM18-84A

Figure

9-1, Posigrade

Rocket System

9-2

_C_O_EI.i.

SEDR 104

xx. mere

srma

_he 3pesL_rede _t _te sssee_ x_seJm_s and _e_s w_J_

sTs_ea _

coasis_s

pr_

ef the three

l_st-

Xa the :et.-_ to X_tte _e _

X____sge aa_ the st *J_e _ time.

aeeessm7

_he _pos_4_le ease,

roeket

p_

eonsXets

of & nozzle 8e_ted

usem_l_V Xip_tter.

en4 The 11t.?

a so3Ae prope32ant

eadt an elee_iee3A_ deviee _ a_

;pestmgrade rocket aehes a ZeaS_,

is a ey_Julrical 2.8 iaehes

_te_f weilghi_ qT_zmdatte_

in _meter

5.21t ]pounds. Th8 rocket is bmsle_31y am AIDLa8 _z_aket e_e for laereue_ zelta_X3A_, ael_a_i_

wth mnor

has beea pieea _ two &IA_gex_

me1_eds: first, _ _es; 8e_,

i_ni_ioaof the i_ni_er squibs f_

oaly one of the three roeke_e is neeesea_ to aee_ato the vlde te_tare range of the zeeket

_llsh eucoesefalse_aratloa. _e oeMets, & te_e_a_Are eea_l

s_s_

is mot req_Are_. Posi_

_hz_et i_ _16 Pounds + _% at sea level. Firlag time i8 1.01 see.

mma
_e _si_ e_Illtleo. for _ .... ___ ef two I_ I_wer s_ee x_eket igaiter is a hea_ _ouate_t umi% with dnaZ 18nltlon _he i_alter _ c_lladriealin she_ wi_h & he_-_ it In_ the _ _h_ee 8ra_s _ of squibs. _ _ of the Ix_ei_ head

roaket. TI_ unit eonta_Lns either a d_fereat

i_nltion_elle_e which are i_alte__ I_ has. lad_t elreui_ _

a_ one squib is eal_le of i_nit_J_ the ImIAelm.

9-3

NglELL

:iSEDR 104

.
POSIGRADE ROC KETS_ 2AND3 ""

TO ISOL

--

TO MAIN _ SQUIB BUS

! I I

I I

,II ,
I_:)SlGRADE ROCKET

FIRE RELAy

FOSiO_DE-RO_kET
FIRE RELAY

EMERGENCY

RING LIMIT SWITCHES

TO SPACECRAFT-ADAPTER

! FM18_85A

' Figure9-2._ PosigradeRocket Ignition ystem. S

9-4

'__Hiri._.

SEDR 104

_e between

purpose

of the posigrade

rockets

ls to aeecq_llsh

separa_Lon

the spacecraft rockets vhieh propel

an_ booster. are act_vat_

Under norm_ zd.sslcm eco_itians; by the spaeeeral_-to-booster engine e_-o_. _ el_=.a, poslof

the posi_ade ri_ separation, rockets

oeeurs at sustaine_

"the spaeeersft

ava_ from. the booster

at a rate

15 feet per seecm_L. 5he three rockets are _

staultaneotwl_,;

how-

ever, should _eo of them fail, the remainingunit _ cause separation.

sueeessf_

_e poslgraderockets are also used to separatethe spaeeerattfra: the booster but pric_ to in the event an abort ls Initiated sustalner en_L_ cut-off. aider tower separatica

_5:

SECTION

RETROGRADE

ROCKET SYSTEM

TABLE TITLE

OF CONTENTSPAGE 10-3 10-5

System Description ................................. System Operation ...................................

;ffffffiffffffiff!ffffiffffffi_:.::ff:::|_:

=_iiiiiiiiiiiiii_iiiillilliifliHiiiii!!ffi_
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

._i_i!i i i i i!i i ilHi !i!i i i i i i i i i i i i i i!i i i i i i i_f

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

.iiii!!iiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!i!_iL
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

10-1,

NNELL

SEDR 104

PYROGEN iGNITER

ASSEMBLY PYROGEN

RETROGRADE! ROCKET ,

POSIGRADEJ

ROCKET

PYROGEN

'SPA'CEI_!TO JALIGN ' RETROROCKETS

TEMP. !"P, ANSDUCE_

IGNITER RECEPTACLES

RETROGRADE ROCKET, (ROTATED ) 180

FMIH_.I Figure 10-1 Retrograde Rocket System.

10-2

"_,_NNmLL

SEDR 104.

X.

RL_O_qlB

ROCI_ 5X_

_.1.

_
_e

___
retrosrade ro_et s_s_em c_ststs _ _ prdmr]7 assoolat_-_ of the three retro_ neoessax7 t_.1._Ss _e

Z_.JCe_S; "blitZ' _ for r_ket retrosrade tgntt;iou. paoka_e _

retro-rockets

are housed in the _ettiaonable (See FI4pn_ 10-1)o

Irth the pos:14_ade rookel;s

lo..2, aoc[_ N0mm_

The retro-rockets package is held a_Inst straps. _he retentt(m are mmmte& in "the re_ro par.kase. the eenter of the heat shtel_ _ae m_t_'o by three equal_ retenton

s_waps are attached aria ccn_._e

at three

spaced point;8

on the base ot the _

of the spaoecz_t package vhere they

to a ccmn_

pont In the center bolt. the

are Jone_ l_l_her f1:1_ s_4_asl,

by an explosive the bolt deflates, away

seconds fo_ str_ps are release4

retre_ade

end a ootl. sp_nS e_ects the z'eta'o l_cka_

_he8_o_e_L-_(SeeFigure10_).
fr_ nozzle Off. thrust _Loro-mt_ortes, end. _amt_ veot_ each _t

To_e_t

the ro_et., _ar_o_r_

over its exposed

has s meta_ cover

_ae cover ls blown off by _he rooket blast of the rooket8 is so des_ed towards the spacecraft's as to-d_eet

at tAae at 1J4_xtt_e m_ ot _mvity st

predeter_d

center

t_e ot f_-ns.

/-

_he retz_pm&e ele_trtea_

paoka_ _eh

is s_pplle_ electrca_ are eq_l_r spaced _

power _ t_e bm

three of t_e

_b_lcal_

10-3

NitlELL

SEDR 104

BOLT

SPRING

RETROGRADE ROCKET I

POSIGRADE ROCKET 1

ACK./ RETROTP

;='=, \\
STRAP

UMIT SWITCH i

SEPA_TION _
LIMIT SWlTC SPACECRAFT;-_ EXPLOSIVE DISCONNECY RETRO-PACK

BOOSTER, ADAPTER (_F) ' FMI8-147

Figure :

10_2, Retro-PackRetention :10-4

System

'__NNfLI.

SEDR 104.

spaeeers_. explosive

_he electrlO_A uabilicals aiseomaee_, follow

lesve the spacecraft

throm41h sta_s

the +hree retro _

retention

_ mm:_ro _,.kap a.4 +a+Az _ -11 _ _ _ _

_r.

_s'

A_mma3Aows

hector temt point is looate_l oa the si_e o the retro Im_mlle _

_eM, te _e brok_ _eWeem _o_.t at _eh t_ the ,.,a t_ ,a.tt _,,,a.t_ t_

e._

m,ee._ _,m-. (See ],.m=e:]LO.-3).

_._. _

,a_'n'Imm-_ "tke cmmr-e.1_xl,m_Lam,a. z,e43mmb_--t, reeker t:J.z'+l,__ e_l. An att.e_e4 "kml, _'kmr'e tz,_,a,,,eer e maJ.m"mz'e'k_z'ook_

lure beea 'kulm_-

m._.e,m,_ =eP.zo-_.,m1,_ ,++.o+..z _ _,,,._e o+_,_o '+. +-No. + _, +,, a +v, mm+ Ave_le !_m,,t _ zo'ro _
Io-5. _ _mA._C01 1_mrl, o_' "P.Me o,,e rekxolz, a_ zoeke+.,,3r,,v.em "ko _ _ .tae s_+oem.,,._

_*o= ,_u._

,,eem,,a f_'Jal v,w.

eemalm_oa

4ar_ml _+

+Jwm_m+ee,_

t, _o+Ittomea _o+._e

_t_.3_,_ + ,:I. rol_ or+3rm,. 0 o

,Jehe_:I,_.

se_l'oe_

,_t',t_ aot "oq_,,,o_C_t, _

la_ the se_ 1+i,d_m_ be m_

_ ]iu 1_pm. _.

the _moee.-.,m_ aeeea ",.lie a_t_t_e SI_

_=At_

_9_e aee_ az_L_e,oveve_, M _Me a_ove Iei_ e _he x_e_+ _t_l_b emm_ o

10-5

NOTES
[_ EXPLOSIVE ELECTRICAL DISCONNECT FOR SPACEC'RAFT ADAPTER RING AND BOOSTER WIRING.

_.

,/'"

CFM18-82A

;Figure

10-3. Retro-Package

l_,|ectrJc_

Installation

10-6"

_ODONNArLA.

$EDR 104

,_

....

All three rocket fire

relays

receive

2_ V d.-e s:l_taneousl,,y; rel, e_ have a fiveleft rocket fires ancl first,

hmmver, the No. 2 and No. 3 ror..ke'tfire ten-_ond five se_ t_e delay, resl_ee_I.vel,V. _e

after

the left

rocket ignites bott_

the bottom rocket fires the right rocket ten seeonde. to awed the Ineffective
_wo rockets. Consequent_y_

end five _xes. _e

resUltS

see_xts after _ ]k_:h retro-roek_ retro-rockets

f_ a fs1n_e

rocket _ntes fro" a total _

fires

are fre_ sequen_ally

of either o_ the _st

if the Wo. 1 rocket failed

grade Attit:_# Per_l.sslca_

to a degree whleh woul_ disr_t

bla.y; the No. 2 _ 'FAre _18_r

the Betrowould

beewle de-e_e_gize4, q_e spaceera_

eouT_ then be reposi_io_ed

the _ re_n_d _

a_titu&e_ the No. 2 l_ro

FLre Rel_

w1 be With

the Retrosrade A_It_le Permission Rel_V.

and the retro sequence cantJ_uod.. 'Jhe=_,m_sequenceof events voul8. oeear f the No. 2 rocket were t;o _..1..

ere CAve _eleli_hCs concern the re_e_rade s,j_ea.

an the _'s _e _

left cue is _

eouola _

_t_h a_l is s

1= _,

eJ#J_er the =a'_ellA_e bY elx_ or bY the but'_ a_aee_ _,o

IA_h_. _e l.n, pose e_ the bu_t_ s _o _i_ia_e re-ea_qV prlo_to _a_IA_e clockz_nou_o_ f-4_-reof semi.

10-7

_ON_fELI.

'SEDR 104. IREASON FORSELECTION

41_ _IFROMRETRO ROCKET ( PROMEMER.gET+gO SEQ. RELAY _ ;NORM IFUSEHOLDER IRELAy (BYPASS SEC 30 I TO ATT'TUDEPERMISSION

A--O
JREY_O SEQ._

_ND
/_ __ _

RELAY" ii._, _ , .RETRO -Jk I

NORM_.__ST _ ...... + _INST DELAY_IN .'a

......

I _

I_nME RELAy) DELAy

I_FAILUREOF SATELLITE.. . CLOCK TO J FUNCTION.

T k _ ISOLATEDI BATT. 1 A --"

_ r,

_i_JT i I Iql'_l_t O-F"EME "

---+l tREI+'+ RI_SQUIB ARM LOCK)ITO ROCKET $1GI_IAL ROGRAI_E RE T_RO J:IRING +FRERELAy(30SEC. T.D.)] '_'SA'TELLITE C IRE[RO R IRETRO SEQ. IND RELAy "

I10r_URTI .Y RE-ENTRY BEFORE CLOCK RUN-

|_

SEQELAY R [_R. _TROl_NO. _ F 1

'.RETO

I,_ .:_=:=: _ _;;;:,:m_ .............. .......... __ __m:_ L...__ h ............................................................................................................ i!iiiii_ii_!!i!Wimmm!!!mmmmmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

ROWER FROK.i : AT[ITUDE PERMISSION RELAY j "J'o RETRO ROCKET' RE[ROFIRED _ND. I_ET-_Y L'GHTS._ j_ -_ . _'_

IZ_L.! Iff' _ C.H.! _co_o,_. +.

WHEN ENERGIZED.

.EROM I_o.,,o. ti' Vl I ,_O.,TORRELAs I " 11

IRET,OROCKET _ " 1
"POW -"RoRo_'_,_-rr,_/q_-/q

T YI

" _l
" & l
*----_

"|
_rRo -]_,_
II!THE "RE[ROATTITUDE" LIGHT DOES RED,BUTVISUALAIDSINDICATESPACE.CRAFTIS IN RETRO ATTITUDE.

--J__

t
,_k

I T-I_L-T1

lWARNING_"-'_

*"--"_

JFIRERELAyS

,,,,or_rP_'__ ,....l_._O)(())(C))l I I I r___,_,_1 _

"__I i J. m, R

1 ImG"TRUS_ , ca I TRELAY],, ]
J I/I ' .

m J'_' : IPOWER RETRO PROM , '_ \'I_+ IT.D. RELAy(15SEC. T,D.) ..... -_ ....

JJ5SEC._T.D. ]IIOSECtT.D..

_ _ I '_I

_ _

TONO I, NO 2AND __JNO. 3 r_E,. RETRg]_KTFIRERELA', IRELAY ............ 4'l'_)--_m"_ FROMR_I" O INTE R RLOC K

_'j_
iV--/I RETRO J IATT. AUTO; _

I ',SOLATED: EMERRE[RO0"1_" ',

I IEATTERY,

I IF,RE+_ NO
'7

+..IA..REIn:

""

J _'

I J

J _---._1
...__.4k iv I

I TO EMER.K!O. I RE[ROROCKET FIRERELAY

TO EM_m __m ROCHE[RELAY T.Da NO. F_RE (S SEC.

+[_[_.im,

"t TO EMER.NO. 3_O __KET]=J_RE RELA. (10 _EC, "r.D.) y ]+01._+/_._.[R_SIGI_ALILtATCIq'_IELAy BY-pASSflELAY.

IBY-PASS
_,,!._..._...,.l ................. _ ..................... _._ [LPA_[ _ 'F_N DSE C_--I_Y LEJ _j "Q

I A'RE"
........ ll:m........... _................I_ff_rffff_ffi._.iffHff.iL_j._ff_ffiiffi_._iffff_F_._s_!C!_!!_ ! _...'.:: _ : .'.m..'+mm: :,hmmm.m.:.:: IU/V_ILICALSE RAT PA 10N ! _ql "JETTISO RET N RO"UGHT, LLuMII_TSS IRED.

_'
_ JTO RETRO ROCKET

"
TO JETTISON J RETROWARNING [LIGH](_RE_Y_. I ..

/ /

_ ISWITCH . / JE[TISON BOLT

ISOLATE [)

[_GREEN LIGHTONLY,_ _DIP THE "RE[ROATT." LIGHT IS GREEN hAND THE J"FIRERETRO"I LIGHT ILLUMINATESRED THE "RETRO ATT"SWITCH SHOULD BE LEFTIN THE _AUTO" POSITION AND THE "FIP_ RE[RO"BUTTON DEPRESSED. CIRCUITRY WILL PASS THROUGH ENERGIZEDATTITUDE PERMISSION _LAY BUTWILL BY-PASS THE i30 SEC. T.D, SEQ. FIRERELAy. _Li<_HI'_, DI+A_E_ ......

"

'_s6_Ter"

'q_-TE MEI_GEm,+:Y "_TRO ROCKET _SEMBLY

_eT_SO_ RELAY

Figure I0-4_ Netzotocket Over-ride System Schem_t_ic Firing .10-8

AwoDoJvivae4.1.

SEDR 104

"t, ele:tl_t8

:in *_- _rH_;z'e4e

eec_aenoe m

_0

A_ttu_e

SrJ.*,eh ed_8_

to t,hei_

A_LT. :ILSh_ L shoulA _

in wA17mm,

.t,_ retro..roekets "_A_

f_e.

Vth the Retro A_t_.tuAe SylPh elm be _ .at_tude, SAlmdma_s red _ben the spaoe_t

in the

w pooi*J.on, the _)e_et,. in the _troi_'ade

_L_aoqxtthe spaee-

m-a_ be_

_he _M_O A__ _eleltsht

is

not _ retro_e

_*_ae

_._te=

ween _

re_rosr_

O_l_=_lJ_r the three RJ_O _ u es_..h _d;_-o.._ vos se_t_*3

_e_:L4_ht= 4_,m,4-,_i;e4 _I_LIL_A-=_Iy ly _ ]b_a'_enoe has shown that

three _

_s.3a3._'l_ have been 4tseb)_l.

three _rl=o-_s

_,_re not ll_tt_t

mL_

1,5 seoon4sa_er

the f_e

eli;=

-.'-'_ is sent to the NO. 1 _tro-rocket. If the _tO the _ oo:reotz_Srede _. stttt_ _ele)A4ht JA3:_nates teA, the sst_ons_ -._t In m_er to d=tez_=e _t_the spse_ Drthe _zaeec_ is+fore4 robe is in the *nthe

stt_tuOe.

eo=Teet att_LtuAe, tbsn the _ Swltch to the _AS8 _ poslticn

shomlAl_sltt_

the+Ret_o AttltmOm

en_ also Imsh the FIB R]_mObuttm.

10-9:

M_C_NNR_L

SEDR 104

en. seooals ]kn_', the e_teot

late_ the _

KilO _]_elel_t._o_l_ _el_z_ea

_11..4e_e

if theastw_

that the spaoeoret% was not

attt____e, the Reao_c= Coatwol Sys_e= _o_ld be _.loye_ t_e__m_rat_ _ t_:een. _- the re,rotate a'_tt_te is a_ue_, atti_te the

In o_ler to oo_Tectl_ posltt_ (See _e_tm 5). _

the eo_eot

A_. blelAg_t

sho-_ i11._--te

TelelJ_ht

i11-_es

z_1, the buttc_ a_aeent le=_Aa8 the _

to the _

.1_0

Tele-

I_I_ sho_ be 1_ posi1_Lm.

A_ltu_e

Swl_=hin the "A_'_O"

_he 1_Ltthele1_t is the _. t _1_ _--_e

Teleli_ht.__= telell_t is iSmi_e4. shout4 be

sreea60 seconds attarthe No. _ :elwo-z_ _ t_-_,-te= en altezaa_e _, s_z_e the e_L_s_t b,_t_

Xa the evea_ this dsF=es_e4 to _

o_ ]_owe: to t_e re_o-_ be _}e_Is_sedy the a_ob _ z_-e_t_r

;}eriCson bolt. Zt the z_1_ astleer ove_ as_,

_-_

it rill be e_eete4so_ttm

hen the extzemehea_ ene_

_ Z"@'t_._ B_,t'8_ll t;0 =,l:e_

_ __ 4etcaate the e_losve ,bolt o_

_

eI,1 _

_o eject, the ]_.ke_.

lo-8.
X_eatedm the _ haa4 e_ole m "t_ strAtebu _.eJa e_ol zstzogra_ ]_owe: to the relwo-:oe]_ISaA1_m s_tbs =aa to _ _acksge o_'t_.sm

W'-.Lth swAteh:l,nthe "At]M)"_md.t_Lm_ the

Is n_pllea

to the

10-10

"_IeODONNELL

SEDR 104 RETRO ROCKETJETTISON ARM SWITCH

FUSE PANEL SWITCH

ARM I _D _FI_ 8 OU _ LH CONSOLE, SQUIB BUS MAINit

EMER RETRO

TO EMER.RETRO ROCKET ASSY JETT. RELAY & RETROROCKET

SW_

SE

RETRO ASSY JETT. RELAY RKT. ASSY. JETT. RELAY

_ _

RETRO RKT. ASSY. UtvWILICALSEP.RELAy RETRORKT.ASSY. UMBILICALSEP.RELAY

RETRORKT.ASSY. UMBIUCALSEP.RELAY

RETRO ROCKET SQUIB ARM SWITCH

[_IlB TORELAyRETRO ROCKETSQUIBARM,

/--

SQUIB ISOLt

FUSE PANEL SWITCH

_i_0 _

#3 RETRO RKT. FIRERELAY

-7
SQUIBi BUS ! t2 RETRO RKT. FIRERELAY '

L.HCONSOLE '

RI RETRORKT. FIRERELAY

u,0
; / _ IPl RETRO RKT. FIRERELAY

NOTES
_> MAIN SQUIB BUSPOWERSUPPLIED THROUGH RETRO ROCKET SQUIBARM RELAY WHEN SWITCHIS IN "AUTO" AND RELAYENERGIZED. ISOL SQUIB BUSPOWERSUPPLIED THROUGH RETROROCKETSQUIBARM RELAY WHEN SWITCHIS IN "AUTO" AND RELAYENERGIZED.

12 RETRORKT. FIRERELAy

13 RETRORKT. FIRERELAY TO RETRG ROCKET SQUIEARM RELAY ;FM18_-114B

[_

[_--

Figure

10-5

Retrorocket

Arm

Switches

10-11

_NNIrLL.

SEDR 104

Boek_ 7ire Re]._" eon_.ets _aen "theRe'_:ol_oeket S(l_t.b_ merstse. r_l _r ]_la_ag _

Rela_-is

mrlto.h in the "IiMI" ]positle: ];_:_er is 8ul)_

_:eet_"

_ _e P_tro aoeket r_re ReZ, , _,rm:t, O

,_._,

lm_,,_

t_ene_-o _
Wt_ the mrl_

_,ib Amn._.

(See 7_oz. ZO-_).

]_Itlon 8a_ an no lx_er is to

_e ReCz_Ik)eXetettisoa _ Arm B1rAteba8 An wj_ h "OWJ_ l_sttloa. in the "GFF"Ix_itto=,

mmtlsble ta fJze t_e ex_ostve bolt _

holds the re_o-l_Jm_e

the sl_'eoza_t sa_ no power is mmllsble to f/ze the 41_ots "r.hethee mb:D,_,,J.',,,_ t;o 'the z.e'_'ro..]paeke_.]_r ]p.l.ae:l._ "the

wetzo _

AssaYer Jettison _

redthe

]kzeket Ass_l_

Ua-

_.t._

_-_._

_,_

(see_

_-_).

_)-s. _m__

30 se(_aaS pz-Ja_t_ t_e _

_r t_e _

seq_moe. _e_

11_ _
resetof z__

is__ea

_ _re.aa eammd aaa _e_Atas o_he _

eleek.

_ae _ the _1_e

10-12

SECTION

Xl

ELECTRICAL POWER AND INTERIOR, LIGHTING SYSTEMS

TABLE TITLE, Electrical Power Svstem System Description....................... :11-3 OF CONTENTS PAGE,

System Operation, ..........,.................. 1i-4 System Units .... ............. ............ ...... .i1-11 Interior Lighting iSystem Description/.;_ ................... ,,;11-16

.: -::.

_11:1

iz

_o

5
0

i-_oJ
i -

i_ O:
f_ .<:

'_:M]87_0_]_

Figure 11-L Electrical

Power Supply

System

11-2,

_NNmmJ.

SEDR 104

XI.

_._ICAL

ANDI_G_

SYS_MS

11-1.

_._'_RIC_L

POWER SYS_4

_he spacecraftpower su_l_

consists of +_ree, 3000 WH main bat-

teries, two, 3000 WH standby bstteries and one, 1500 WH isolated battery. The standby batteries have paralAeled taps brought out at

6, 12 aria volts to power the apaeecraft6 V ste_y, 18

12 V standby

and 18 V stan4bybusses. The Isolate_battery also has taps brought out at 6 V an4 18 V to power the spacecraft6 V isolated en4 18 V isolatedbusses. External A-e l_rer is supplleA +-_ough fuses or diodes in the spacecraftprior to launch (See Figure 11-1 aria 11-2). _ An rater is use_ to indicate batter7 c_Awnt _nen the batteries are

in use. A d-e vol_m_f_er utilized to read individualbattery voltis ages as yell as the main auA isolate_ 2_ V bus voltege. Main and Isolated 24 V bus voltage may be read on the 4-e voltmetervhen the main bus is povereA frc_ external power or the battery po_r. ex-

A-e electricalloads are supplle__hrongh fuses vlth +_ ception of vital oontn'ol elreults which incorporate a soli_

eonAuetor

in place of a fuse. Some of the _'c circuits utilise two fuses in a s_Atch,i_se nc_al arrangement. A three position, center OFF seitch, eeitchover pr.ov!_es to the No.

operation

in the No. 1 positi_

or a rapi_

2 position for e_er&_mcy use. Sc_e of the more !-T._rtant.-c c:l.z'cu:l.te _ are provided _Ath a solia coouctor in the emergency or No. 2 pos2tion

of the followh_ ct.rcu.'l.ts:

(a) (b)

z,,..rS. Oapsule Saparat_.on Control. TowerSeparation Control.

11-3

_NNl2a

SEDR 104

(e) Sm_s. Mathc_

_.

(a) _tro. Jeff. c_rol. (e) _tro _ (f) _ve control. _ute _.

(h) Retro_. (_) _. c_a_.

Z-e power J produced by 'tvo ns:J.n hxwa-ters Mae two _ wn_r _ are rate_ of 250 VA _ inverter 8tI15 voltsj end cue stan_y _00 eTeles. _Lnvert_. One m_Lu In_.s rste_ volts,

has a capacity _he s_n_b

the other _ta/nverter has a eapaelty

at 150 VA.

at 2.50 YA at II_

In tim /nv_-t, ez_.

1.1.-3. _82SM 0u__2zcsI

_-_.

_c ecma_.cm.n_.
_ae spaeeers_ 3000 wad-hour _ 2_ volt d-e power m_l)_r eom_lm _ m_Ln batteries of thr_,

bstter_s.

are eemmet,_ 2n I)az'_l_l,_. Each battery _atast con-

to each other by en _-01_ tains 8n _ _ feed the _Lu _u the _ _Lo_

_Lteh

an each battery. _

_n the _o_tt_w ca" 6_asrKe_

88 _r_tton

s _e_._ bus _w_l_

"nst_0_y.

The m_Lubatteries s_tehe8 are

_nen the /nd_rl_a_

B_f t O]J-_

portion.

_',ter. far the na_n_O w :tnvert_ eno.'the ha'in ].5O VA_r.

11-4:

_'MCDONNELL

SEDR i0_

BUS

--

A ATT

IA
RELAYPANEL NO. 2 24V MAIN PRE-IMPACT 1064. + 24V MAINI TEST UMbILICAl RELAY i

I
1 J J

_ER_S_r_

'BEVY,ANaL NO.,I

m_-U_CT! _-

'
I i

. [L, 'L I CO,

li _l
i

_'EC0'TS , !_EE,", I _.,_._A, i I r-,,

I i SQUIB _

_,_, I ;
t
SQUIBARM

I -_BE_Y NO._ PANEL 1 I

.O_G-

--

:A I

RElY I
I I
I

_E_.Y

I
I I L BELAY I

swl_c.

54 87

_T 8US

_ r [ PANEL " O OFF

921
90 BUS

STBYEATTSW

,m
106

I
I I

NO_

O STBY ISOL _

UMBILICAL I

'qJ_----'J

--

NORM AUDIO BUSSW-

DISCONNECT !

_ : C_

NORM OFF

O EMER

I T

SWITCH : AMMETERO BYPASSI D C VOLTS:

BUS

il-5

MODO_KmI_.

SEDR 104,

Two stnn_ ata_ equilx_

ba_es,

of :3000 watt-hccwsespaeltyeach, l_*ovi4e for ecmsualeatlcas

power a_' lower tap voltage zequize_s and vaz_

liSh_8 dla ope_a_Icn.._be s_.battez_s

__ ouches.

_cx_e, reverse euzme_ _'oteet1_m, on aaAposltve volt_e _-0_ mrAte__sare loeatea on eachbs'_'ter'_' prov'de to a

to ae_

_e ekvolt c_A_c_.
_-Ao_ to :tsua_, "c2_ese the usbt_tesJ, a_
Standby batter_" 2_ _Y, _-O]? svi_h

:18vol_ a..e Y,othe vs_.oms sTs_4n busses. e_.r_tts axe en_'gt_

extezaal volt power fuses

__

pom_ _

l_ca_.ed in _he spaeeera_.

_-e e_p_Leatlcnis oout_o1_-4by _he S_f

_on_

the s_4a_O_yatteries ao not .e,w--__u b the --_ bus. 2_ V_-e bus is eoleete_ _Izeet_V to

Xn the O_ position, the stan_y

the,mAabus. X_ theman battez? ae_late_, _s rhea_bes_

_wies _ en_-_Ly.e *_he_as:_ bus. Xf the I_n batteries are not

bat-

A X_0 wa_l:.hem. Isola_e_battery _ud.t.ous and sq'_,b _ " b voltaps

is _-_.,813_ sad to s_p_V an_ stsn_ reverse

_o pz_A_e _ne7

e_rgen_ voltages to

other elx_uits in the event the _in _ae isolatedbatte_ is ecemee_d battery taps also lneoa'pca'ates

7 b_s

are deplate_. and

m-re_t proteett_a switch.

to the isolated _3,y

bus throt_a

an _-01_

Zsola_d dlcde8,

6 and 18 volts tsolate_

A-e _rouKh

sel_-ecmd:aln_

to the 6 an_ 18 volt

busses.

_he 2_ volt

isolate_battery

111-6

"_'t_ONItlELL

SEDR 104

output is available through the ARM position of the SO/fIBswitch and F _ through the _RER position of the AUDIO BUS switch to the associated busses, q_e isolated 24 volt d-c output may also be connected in

parallel with the 24 volt output of the standby batteries throush the STDBY position of the ISOL-_/RY switch. External d-c power is supplied thro,,_hthe umbilical cable to spacecraft circuitry. Th_S power is used for pre-launch operations in order Normally 6, 12, 18 and 24 External power voltages

tO conve_v_ the spacecraft battery supply. volts d-c are supplied through seven inputs.

of 6, 12 and 18 volts are fed through fuses in the spacecraft to the 6, 12 and 18 volt busses. The 24 V external power is routed through 0nly four external power requirements, q_e

diodes in the spacecraft, to the 24 V busses. supplies are used to supply the 6, 12,

18 and 24 volt

d-c _._,_teris used, with the _-w_ter switch in t_. NORM position to indicate d-c current from the batteries in the circuit.

11-5.

A-C POWER AND CONTROL

11-6. MAIN I_ERTERS

Main 115 volt, _00 cycle a-c power is supplied by two inverters of 150 volt-amperes and 250 volt-amperes each. _he a-c load is divided into The 250 VA

two groups ne=ely the ASCS a-c bus and the FANS a-c bus.

inverter supplies the ASCS a-e bus an_ the 150 VA inverter supplies f_ the bus. FANS a-c bus. _e cabin fluorescent the lights are bus) energized inverter from through the FANS

The main d-e

bus powers

150 VA (fans

a line

11-7

_'%b-.=.o~~E-..

SEDR 104

_.N,'STRUME"T PANEL L _ J G/ q

S,AN,Y 1 /MA'" I
INVERTER 250 VA INVERTER 150 A V (FANS) INVERTER 250 A V CS)

_, _ JG_

%q7

STBY J FANS BUS

'ILl

'

tl

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

,
VOLTS l _A SELECT_,_ 12'/24 JJ I IISWITCHvDc BUS

I
!

RELAyPANELNO. I

(AUTO) _
12 O C_0 11

I1"
RELAY _ ASCS BUS A

' LT ' c
STBY OFF 25A

NO_I O 7

BUS l 25A

I I ,li.

SWITCH --O1 2

I I

AscsAc.0s ,
I J

i ---[.
100K RELAYD

FAN BUS

OFF STBY O_

NORM6 I O_

I I

i .i.

LJ
FANS AC BUS SWITCH

' I
J

i
< NDBY

I
I

_
,

,NV.POWER
RELAY

L.-

lo_

24V De MAIN BUS

........

--

(HATCH DISCONNECT)

I J

MAIN 250 VA INV FILTER

STBY& MAIN _ 150VA INV FILTER

I I

FANS BUS I|SVAC

L
FM]8-119A

Figure 11-3 A-C Power Control Schematic 11-8

oo

"_
"all _l +,OVdWI

_ o

-_

__
_ L)VdWI ':_35OC S(IW "$]a -I I

-,,.,+-,, ....
i

t
I
|

/"r

1:

_o,_
I I
I i

"J3X Zl _ >o _o'-

'03SO_+ "t,_ll"Oa_ll -"L,L_.I' oaJ3_ --

"NIW EM_"UZ -"NW_ Ol-aJ.-"NIW _-_1 [ i "gllo _-ml -4F ]

I I

"_ oo,z_ = -" 8 .,_.a,, _ "all _ xaws'._o _+-,_s ,v_ "all L+ "daS"dV_ -"NIW_;+ 'dis "dV3 -"d_$"dV3 "aN l" NONNVI "d_S "_ML -x 'NIW 9-1 -I ! o J I I

e,o r-'_r" ann-I I I I I I ,I, I I _ I I I ,e'

I I I 4" I

f I I

--

I-I-I

I I

5
"NIW_- 1 --

'NIW _-z-

,_

I
._ _ >:
_ _ _> _ _ _ 0 _ _ _ _0 _ _ _

ON'H_I'MSOJJ'V

_)

i_

i i
,.z. 8 _, _ __ S -

_tvtvmi.L

SEDR 104

_Ltter

eireuit,

en_ a 25 _ere *h- --J-

fuse.

_3w 2.50 VA _rter

(ASCS_us) 2s enA 25 empere

._-o powered _

A-e bus _hrcugh a 14.. f!lter through _ _ _nt

:_.se. _he &-e power is controlled

posttion of the ASCS panel. _he

,_C BUS_ enA FANS AC BUS s_tehes on the _ _tmts of _ FANS a_l ASCS _tverters

feed the solenoiAsaf the fans bus

:rel_ ena the ASCS bus ro1_.

_eJe ener_=ed rela_ feed the

oc_p_ thro._ the eloseA een_aets of the rele_ to peter the FAWS ona

Ascs bsses.

Stan4by 115 V_ _0 aq_re stan4by Inverter.

cycle _

a-e power Is sullied stsn4by inverter busses rill

by one 250 volt suppl_ a-e power the STRI_

to etther_ posltlon

or both_ ASCS and FAILS a_ on _-_,_respective _

by selecting

AC BUS c_ FANS AC BUS switch loceted

on the _.4. _t

panel.

In the event of fa_._e of either the 250 VA _r 150 VA main Inwn-ters the respectivefan bus relay or ASCS bus rel_ wlll be de_. rela_ _s action wlll aut---ttc-_y energize the standby iu_-ter to the st--_y

whl_h in turn will

app,7 d-e power from the filter the standby inverter ASCS _ _s

lnmrter. through

_he a-c outTut fr_ c_tacts

is then directed bus r-_-ys to their

tn the de_nersized

respective ceres fa_ure 11-8.

busses. A wernln_ li_lat the main Instrumentpanel inAic_a inverter is switched tn_o o_era_on _y reason of (See _ 11-3).

_hen the stan_y of e,th_

of the _

inverte_.

l_3Um _13UTIOS

11-10

"_,_N_IiA.

SEDR 104

1.1.-'9.
IF--

D-C P0ma DX_0N

D-c power main bat%ery, which follmm: (a) Main _- bus directly to the main battmz'le8. operate Is taken standby fro: from three battery separate battery bsttery. separation groups, Various neaely +.h-

and isolated

sub-busses are as

"r.hese sou:ees

and the bus

method

(b) Math 24 v sauib bus _hro_h

(e) Main retro squib bus fr_

SCgIB _tah
main bus through

fr_

main bus.
squib

main retro

power drop relay. (_) ASCS w._. 21_ V bus from u-_u bus %hrou_ sepamtlc_ relay.

(e) Pre-_wT_act 10 _nute frommLtn bUs through_-p.act plus relay.

(f) (g) (h) (1) Standby Isolat_l a-e _-c bus direatly bus directS7 to to s_nxlby isolate_ battery. battery. from isolated bus. lsolated retro

Isolate_ 2_, V squib bus _hrough I8oi retro squib power Squlb bUS fr_. _rop relay.

SQ_JD3mrlteh

main squib

bus through

(_)

Audio bus

from

main bus

ar Isolated

bus

through AUDIO BUS switch.

(k)

_
batt_nT.

6, 12 and 18 volt busses dlzeetly

to taps on _an_y

(1)

Isolated bat_ezT.

6 au_ 18 Tolt

busses

_etl.7

to taps

on isolated

_I-,i0. ii-ii.

S'_ _S

UNITS

Each eabln chargeable cells

battery hawln_

conslsts a n_-al

of series potential
I]-II

co-_ct_l rating

silver-sine of 2_ volts

reend a

_t

NNELL

SEDR 104

1. TOTALACTUALAND INDICATED POWER AND HEATDISSIPATIONLOAD 12,589.BWATT-HOURE. (MAIN BATTERIES SUPPLY 7,553.8 WATT-HRS. ND STANDBYBATTERIES A SUPPLY5,035.9 WATT-HRS.). 2. STANDByBATTERIES AREPARALLELED WITHMAIN BATTERIESHROUGHOUTENTIRE T MISSION. 3. PEAKS SHOW SQUIBFIRING SEQUENCE TO ONLY. 0 100 200 300 400 I

Li:GEND
J

J
J 1200

ACTUAL WATTS
500 600 700 800

I I I

STANDBY BATTER ...... ES "J MAIN BATTERIES 900 1000 11OO

I
194.6

|
PRE-LAUN HRCH '

T0 " 30 MIN.

'.
| L'I

508.4 WATER SEPARATOR0 SEC./30 MIN, 3 J643.6 EROGRAMMER 50 MIL-_SEC./17.5 SEC. "A" _J$28.2 tI : TELEMETRY SUPPLY PWR AND XMIT - CONT. (PILOTACTION)

: 211.3
T0 - 18MIN. _r0- 12 MIN. TO 6 MIN.i

t! 214.3 "_237.S

L
1238.5 O

, UHF T/l_ AND BOOSTAMP. - ST'BY (PILOTACTION) 535.7 "_"-I TAPERECORD AND LO LEVEL COMMUTATOR-ON 1593.7 _ C BAND BEACON- CONT. (PILOTACTION, / 596.3 IC EAND BEACON- INTERROGATE

614.0 -- UHF TRANSMIT .._^ 614.7 ,_ _tHORIZON SCANNERS- ON

UMB. DISC (To) BECO

LAUNCH .I HR.

TOWER SEPARATION

_ 245_3 t 245.9 _

TOWBt SEPARATION BOLTS ':SCAPE RCCKET

,q_

SPACECRAFT SEPARATION : 253.1 --I-1 I 278,5 / SPACECRAFT SEP, 5 SEC. + |276.7 SPACECRAFT SEP+ IO SEC. i_ SPACECRAFT + 30 SEC SEP ORBIT-ATTITUDE j 278.0 | 276.7

650.6 - UHF TRANSMIT 696.3_ _ :SPACECRAFT POSIGRADEADAPTERUMBDISC. ROCKET BOLTS & 691.7 HF DIPOLEANT EXTEND 695.0 691.8 ( ANG RATE IND-OFF 1_5553.5 _ TAPERECORD AND LO LEVEL COMMUTATOR-OFF _P 612.0- REACTIONCONTROL (ASCS)

.7

"|---J SEPARATIoNSPACECRAFT I i +S MiN. i 221.4

L. 57! .1 - UHF TRANSMIT

297.6 .c -

- C BAND BEACON- INTERROGATE SPACE- -_" ........ CRAFT I +I HR SPACE CRAFT SEP. +3 ORBITS : 119.0 _ ASCS- OFF (PILOTACTION) TAPERECORD LO LEVEL AND COMMUTATOR 60 SEC/10MIN

ORBIT 28 HRS.

o I

" 336.9 Z CAL - 15 SEC. ONCE EVERY HR.

334.3 RCAL. 15SEC. -

[ 1 220.7

C BAND BEACON - GND. COMD. TELEMETRY GND. COMD. |(PILOT ACTION) UHF - OFF & HF T,/R- ST'BY

_2_07.4- BLOOD PRESSURE (PILOTACTION) j_J 251,2- HF TRANSMIT 1377.4- EROGRA/,M_',I_ "A" 88.3 _] 242.3- WATER SEPARATOR
/

L.s_ 279.3p REACTION CONTROL(F.B.W.) 229.3- ROLLHORIZON SCANNERHEATER 229.3 - PITCHHORIZON SCANNERHEATER 241.7- DATA _60.0 - Z CAL. - 15 SEC. ONCE EVERY HR. _ rAPERECORD AND i_ 255.5 - R CAL. - 15SEC. | J 229.3 YAW OPTICALREF(PILOTACTION) | 220,7 4 HOUR ASTRO I LO LEVEL COMMUTATOR

60SEC/10MIN.

-f-

_....... i
I 190.5

j_

,A_CS (PILOT -ON ACT,ON)

534.6_ REACTION CONTROL(ASCS) : ASCS - OFF (PILOTACTION) FMI8-14,5-1

"SLEEP" PERIO0

+ ....... :
Figure 11-_

D-C Watt-Hour

Loading (Sheet 1 of 2)

11-12

MCDONNELL

SEDR

104

100

200

300

400

ACTUAL WATTS 500 600 700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

T88.3

TELEMETRY-

ON

lJ--I
ORBIT 28 HRS.

'
1119.5 :

IT2' 20.7

'
314.2 - R CAL

]{
- 15 SEC.

.
INTERROGATE

.
6 MIN/GND.

.
COMD.

c BAND BEACON

_']
r'J88.3
TR-3 ORBITS --"Ii 106.0 J220.5 '--I

1"_8"7z CAL.- 15SEC. BAND OFF - ON SEC'), .3 _ "c BEACON/ _116.8TELEMETRY _ C BAND BEACON - OFF 7 [ TELEMETRy - CONT. (PILOT ACTION) AMP-ST'BY (PILOT

126S
J2;7.6
221
_4

(ACTION) ( HF- OFF & UHF T/R & BOOSTC BAND REACON - CONT. (PILOTACTION) 'ASCS - ON (PILOT ACTION) ANG RATE INDICATOR - ON

TR'2 ORBITS --t"i119.0 T R- 45 MIN,

J_.5

L_

TR - I0 MIN.

1--_

TRO 5EC
TR T R+ 30S EC. T + 90 SEC. R_TRO JETT. RETROJETT + 30 SEC-

231.4

2,1 R
I'll

f;]578'5 "I

5 I:Es :2 :;;:::H:
I " 660.5 ' HORIZON SCANNER - ON.

I 238.2 L-I

J 595.5

RETRO ROCKETS (3 PEAKS AT 5 SEC. INTBVALS)

RE*_O ASSY. BOLT

,:z_3.2 ,264.2 Lt! MAIN BATTERIES=

_..'2=
706.5

RETRO UMB. DISC, 'ASCS SLAVINGON - WATER SEPARATOR

RE-ENTRY ST'BY BATTERIES.5 HRS.

TR+ 20SEC

.05G

r .... t204.7 I 207.3 _ 208.0 -f-J : 193.5

: : .I

: 274.0

J511.7 DROGUE
518.3

MORTAR

7o2.9- _NSMIT UHE 4'9 I_'1"9EROGBA,,_ER "A[.. ASCS SLAV1NG. ATT. GYROS AND HOR. SCAN-OFF -1

21K' 17K'

_CABIN FAN - OFF' 526.0 ANT FAIR SEP AND MAIN .7 491.6 LANDING l_ 1408.5 [360.9 _ 'REACTION BAG CONTROL

CHUTE

( AND.

RATE IND-OPF,

10K'

_ ASCS A-C BUS-OFF (PILOT ACTION) ASCS RATE GYKOS-OFF

10K' + 12 SEC. 10K + 150 SEC

--_ p _-I 'II 196.6

(H 2 02 JETT) - OFF

.J. 1163.4 IMPACT RESCUE AIDS : 144.4 _'_ 151.3

l
_,_ J213.3 / _

, MAIN _

AND RESERVECHUTE DISC (RES AIDS _" I SEC.)

RESERVEEJECT AND DEPLOY (RES. AIDS + I SEC)

RESCUE AIDS + 30 SEC. .... iMPAC1 + I0 MIN.

r I _ 139.7: : 136.6 _x,2

3:

,WHIP ANTENNA SQUIB ARM SWITCH-OFF .3 PROGRAMMER A (PILOT ACTION) _ C BAND BEACON AND TELEMETRY-OFF ( TAPE RECORD AND LO LEVEL COMMUTATOR-OFF

J 370.0-

PERIOD 12 HRS.

POST

_ 85.3

243.8 - HF TRANSMIT

235.oWATERSEPERATOR

I1

_n 81.7

|J 204.3

INTERIOR

UGHTS - OFF (el LOT ACTION)

FM18-14,:_2

Figure

11-5

D-C Watt-Hour

Loading

(Sheet

2 of 2)

11-13

NNELL OFF

SEDR 104

7
I[_EAGLE I[_EAGLE i[_EAGLE PICHER MA_L028-1, FICHER MAR4027-B, FICHER MAR4028-A, MAC 45-79707-15 MAC 45-79707-21 MAC 45-79707-19 {1500 WH) (3000 WH) (150OWH)

-IIl'
, . -24V 6V 12V . 18V

_[_EAGLE

PICHER MAR4028-fi_ MDE4587020-5

(1500WH)

f F

:
I

J18V

24V

B_

CONSTRUCTION TYPICAL 1500WH OR 3000 WH 8ATI'ERy HOLE MANIFOLD SCREW PLUG

NOTES
[_ [_ MAY BE INSTALLED IN SPACECRAFT FOR GROUND TESTSOR FLIGHT. MAy BE INSTALLED IN SPACECRAFT FOR GROUND TESTS.

PLUG-_

FILLER __

[_> DO NOT INSTALL IN SPACECRAFT. MAYtBE ACTIVATED ANDIUSED FOR POWER,SYSTEMS TESTS_ GROUND AND BATTERY CHARGER TESTS.

_vO

OQ VENT UNE

O _

RELIEF ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR

24V ON-OFF

SWITCH'

OFF

[_EAGLE [_EAGLE [_EAGLE

PICHER MAR 4027C_ MAC 45-79707-17 (3000 WH) PICHER MAR 4027-1, MAC 45-79707-13 {3000,WH) PICHER MAR 4027A, MAC 45-79707-17 {3000 WH)

_-

_1_

[_> EAGLE PIC HER MAR 3027C, MDE4587Z0-3

(3000 WH)

-24V

24V

24V

_, 't
Figure 11-6 Typical Battery Assembly
11-14

FM18-3,_,

__NNi/.J.

SEDR 104

_',_,m

capacity

ra%ing for the

of 3000 vatt-hours _wo stan&y bat_eries

for

the an_

three

main batteries, for the

3000 watt-hours isolated desXgned sure ewlteh x_lief i8 _ battery.

1500 watt-hours 8 pressure relief

Each battery nternal

t8 equippe_ preseure

with

valve

to mautA4valve

from 5.5 to the

to

l_t.9

p82. _e

_he presbattery

XS moun_ed external 2_t volt consists and distilled After

battery

ease.

_he poml_ve electrolyte hydroxide

CaLtput. of a 40 percent water the first and is solution used to of reagent activate the The the

The battery grwle potamsium

dry charge4 ba_ter]r batteries

ba_x_y

intial_y.

dAeeharge battery

cycle,

may be reeharged fin_tsh

by a constant all electrical

current

charger. in the

power for

equilment

spacecraft;

therefore, proper servicing _e ba_4res are desigl_d for highest life see

and aLalntenanceis of extreme impca-tance. for five e m_.2ete cycles of discharge not exceed an8 four internal

charge; eyeles wiring

however,

reliability, of 60 days Figure 11.6.

traits prior

shoul8

or an aetivate_ of the batteries

to flight.

For the

_he d-c "to a-c solid e_ate design

inverter8 cepable of

installed operating

in _he

spacecraft at

are i_,_ at

of a rated _ psia

continuously of 160F. use phase

power output 100_ 5he OX_Ke_. output is

in a _ient _nverter8 32_ volts cycles

a_osphere are a-e

or at 80F. of heat to

eoolec_ by the + _%, single and essenti832y

8_nk8 and baffles. with a fre-

ground,

quency

of _00

+ 2. _

8nusodal

in _avefor_.

11-15

Md_OONNmLA.

$EDR104

Z.'L-Z3._-C _

0-_0
panel an_ provides

The a-e mm___er is located on the main Ins_nt

the astronaut with an in_icstion of total current drain f_cm all batteries (.seeFigure ll-l). sensitivity. The basic _r movement has a 50 millivolt

A shunt of suitable resistance is connected across the

input of the meter provi4ing a low resistance path to ground with the proper voltage drop at _0 amperes for a meter movement to full scale

deflection.

11-1_. _c vo_

o-_ v_
and selector switch, are located on the main Ap1_csctmatebattery cm_dltion to the appropriate Main and isolated to the

A _-e vol_nster,

Ixurt1_m__ panel (see Fig_we ll-l). _t can be detez,m1,_dby placing

_he D-C VOLTS switch

positions and rea_LDg the In_/vi_ual battex7 vol_es. voltages e_propriate may also be determiDed by placing the

D-C VOLTS switch

M or I position.

ll-_.

A-C
An a-c voltmeter on the main In_ an_ a flve pOsltlon seleotor panel. switch are mounted

The five posi_lans of the a-e voltmeter (See FAgusreIi-i).

mrA_eh are 250 VA, 150 VA, Stay, ASCS ariaFANS.

ll-_. _u_
11-17. S_ST_

TTO_n_
_S_PTIO_ 1Aghtiz_ for the spaeecra_t consists telellghta. of "two fluo_seont See Figure 11-7 for

Interior

eabln lights, and a sez'les

of warning

11-16

19C_D(PNNELL

SEDR 104

I ' , '
I

I
t J Ss

(_

',,_

MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL

,\
I

--.

MAININSTRUMENT PANEL

FMI8..32

Figm'e 11-7

Interior

Lights

and Warning

Lights

System

11-17

NNELL

SEDR

104

11-18

'__NNJJ.

$EDR 104

_catton 11-18.

a_l arransm_t

of cabin lights

and tele_hts.

CABINFLOODL_S TWofluorescent r_ght aria left supplie_ positio_ fr_ s_teh cabin flood l_hts are soont_ on brackets to the is

aria above the astronaut. +__ 119 V a-c inverter loea_e4 on the left

Power for the cabin lights fans bus auA controlled

by a three are

ec_eole.

_he switch

positio_s

markeA BOTH, 13' 0BLY e_l OFF. value; heat

The cabin flood lights

are of high actinic produce little (see Figure 11-7).

espeelallysuitable for ca_aera u_. and have a low Tattage cons,m_tion

_he lights each

of 7 watts

f_

11-19

SCTION
f-

XII

COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM

TABLE TITLE

OF CONTENTS PAGE
12-5 12-10 12-30

System Description .................................. System Operation ....................................... System Units ........... . ................................

12-1

IVNELL

SEDR 104

$ /

t _ _

I I
=

I I
U

_z

N_
U

I \ \
_ , , -""_ _-_ _

i!
k _ _ F/_18-I04

Figure

12-1. Communications

Sequence

12-2

12-3

Aq_mLL

$EDR 104

8_

If

'
i

12-4

__NNmi_.

SEDR104

sren

The ss_onmt

is pro_te_

vtth

voice

e_esttons headset _

t_h_t s__

the eon-

entire alssloa (see Table 12-1). A _ t_4_ vtthtn the utzoaant's heluet,

ope_ste

thzoush

the Sa4to eentz_l

eircults to the seleete4volee e_eatians s_aeee_ dlseoaneet. receptlonis &vai_le 4arlag launch and orbit.
/f

set (see F_4ure 12-2). A ease

intezl_

system Is av_41able_rior to _illeal

t_

the _

Voiee _tlon

set

HF voice trammm_sionms,y

be +used,+,_sly after

spacecraftseparationby astronaut selectionof the Z_ posltlon of the sviteh. Th_ _ re-emergizedupon la_. set is dAsabled at antenna falrlag separate aa The _ Voloe _eatloM the post land_ set px_vldes re._1-e of the mission,

eeptloa ca4 transmission,du_ _1-o.

reception is ava4_*_e t_t Voice Co--cations over this se_ a_ its _

the entire mission by the Booster _zTllfier. Traasmissioas of the TBAI_MIT switch

set aa_ be mute _hen the _MP position

is selected by the sstrommt. _e +z_ selected transmittermay be energizedby operatlon Of a _-__e_ the VOX mrAteh is in the _e _ trausmltter_

nlteh, or by a voice operated re_ into the z_lero_.

ON _osltlon by speak_

si_ml.

_hls antc_atlefeatureI_

be ove_Ti_len_

the astro_t.

12-5

NNELL

SEDR 104

FMI8-102A

Figure

12-3 Command

Receivers

System

12-6

_ _--_'_NmA_.

SEDR 104,

A spaaecreftto llfe raft extensioncable is pre_ astro_sutuse of spaeeerl_ttra_tter-reeeivers

to a_aw the

1_aileeL_mi4e the

an e_
_eeee_ the ut_t's

aaaater_

attheeaaeZ a _ lest mmlm_ ext, _b_Le, _e

_Leh Zlt,

en_ of the exteMioa, esl_e _ :]m_I_L .wt_ a _ m_Lt _eo_eet. _tton Wlth _e _

Switchin the sw_h

position,_ o_L _

is pz_vt_e_. With the _

_he _msn_ _elver e_.vol_e

pz_v_em an mers_z_r Sz_m_ 8tstton-to-_?aee_h_ the autu_ untt_ s_aeee Sure,Led AS_ Fuse

._mm_Leattons _

h_aet. thro_

Power for die volee emmm_testtons sys1_ iu the _eations _

fuses _te_

_unle&tlens

wozae

A set of Reeeiver-_eeoder_and

s_.tAlary

decoder m_its

is used for

reception ana deeod_ of _una

for the purpose of a_tiv_ti_g

_aad

,_As.
_ontrol

_hese st_aa_-are
circuits. th_Oa A_ _e fuses Fuse Holders

various

Power for the Comaand Receivers located in the Cm_ations

is s_pple_

an_ _he Cem_mteations

(see _'_ure _.-_. _-._.

A Tele_et_ iu_orm_tion the spaneera_ Transmitter is px_ywided for _z_ie&tlDg stations. Zn_tion is picked voltage _ivi_er _--tr_en_tion up throughout circuits.

to the _

in the form of voltage_ _

12-7

'_ONNL

SEDR

104

12-8

__N_EI_.

SEDR 104

These voltages esuse VCO frequeneles to cha_e, puts tO the Telmtry Transmitter. mamutl). (Refer to

to the

su1_l_r suitable inT--truaentation a power output of

Section. 2.0 watts

XIV of this is

A trans_tter of

havi_

usA_ for

transmission is

telemetry by the

information. T_TR_

The sw_ch

operation

of the

transmitter

controlle_

on the Main Te-tru_ent Panel. and 00_.

It's _hree selections are ORRD COMDs OFF,

_he Ix_wer output of the telemetry transmitter is fe_ to either Power for the system is

the Main or the UHF Descent Recovery Antenna.

obtained frcu fuses locate_ in the Instrumentation Fuse Holders (see Figure

aaa ac0ns
f

The beanons

provided in the

spacecraft

to

aid

trackt_

by

stations are C-Ban_ and S-Band beacons, a t_F Recovery Beacon and an auxil4A', 7 XF Recovery nals crees. _ Bes_on Bea_an_ energized energize_ at anten_ fairing separation, These besnons and an provide sig-

upon landis.

c_tlble _he _Y

vlth _ection

finding equi_ent tra-m4tter

use4 by the reeove_, is keyed at anteana finders.

Voice _'.;,----_tions

fairIDg separation to provide an additional signal for _1_ectioa

A flashing strobe liSht is lustalled for visual location of the spaeecrsf_ after landAng. (See Section VII of this manual). fuses 12-_

Spacecraft power for the beanons system is supp]Liedth_ loeatea in the C,_..,anlc&tions aria ASCS 1_ase Wolaez.s. (See Figure

aaa 12..6.
_he voice _atlons, _m4tters, telenetry and beae_ receivers and

wAth their various frequencies and tTpes of out'pUts 12-9

__Nmg./.

SEDR 104

require

an antenna

_stea

_rAth vide

ee_bilities.

_aerefoze,

five Amain

anteanas are used to fuAfill the entire mlsslenrequlremmtsA

_ieone aucemm = ae_ .._=_e-_ _ =a

m,_Ior 1_o_ion of the albion. _

Aut_m_._ u,.ea rot the

+.he Bteoae aatens .ut

z_-e_zT,

_e Jett_oaea to -_ov man lm_iutel ae_lo_mrC. _,e _ _le

Jettisone4with the retro l_e. .

i.

To zvA_laee.the . UBF l_etion, a .

bicone

separation

Ul_n lsnd_,

an HF ReeoverF _

Antenna an_ an Aux.

out the entire of the radar

mission, beae_as.

C- ad

S-Baa_ snte_as

are provid_

for operation are performed

Antemm _w_tehinKsndm_til_exi_

==t,-,.ti_,y

_ the_ =_=i_._

(see_='e= _-6=,d _-z3). _=rer _eae_. (see T_m=e_.-_)

_.acea on Use_e_ _w,_

s_A_-_e

_-9.

.a_:_ Cmm_A,= _
..

i .

r ..

iiii i'_ .

HF._

reoelver out_

are route# to the controlI_,

_hls

ln'_rv'ides one _lmM_ e_tzol for _

m_,d.l.o and, one 'volume eontzolfor

7

Of ecm_

aa:volee_"s:J.KI_I.8

1_ & iC_ pass filter, aa_ a_pllfleatlon in the m_l.o ee_er. (Bee Figure 12-7)..

of zem_].ting voice 8n_lx) is _

12-10

_/

/WO_OJwvmAJ,.

SEDR 104.

Cn_4CsC.tcn s,,_o

Imd.l.osiSw_lJ

f_nB the vo_ _,_-_ controls_

the 2nterto

fron the pscl.-4;o-the-p21ot She. 81_,wm tones re_Ay and the two headset serve earlgwnes m_llflers

are sut_lAe8 in the _o

the tape recca_er center. fee_

"ae hea4set _2ifiers indAvidual

to smplAfy the audio signals in the astranaut's rela_ _pplies helmt. al_h

and. _he fo_

them tothe

_e-enerKi_l receiver

post_ten

of the tape recorder

e-a',o 'to _he main 'tape recorder. _.s re& to two separate two mplXfiers to s_P_V _pAAfAer mieroph_e a_li-

Z.xtto from +_J_._ microphones fiefs ph_e voice in the audio o_tp_t center.

_aeoe

serve t;o m_p.Ltfy microcircuits of _be

to a level

s_Aetent

-,_,,_ _t_

trans_tters,

ghe nieropheue

output is also

fed to the

energized by use of the Push-'_-Talk +-_VOX circuit _hen the VOXswitch A_ter _.,Taot, .h. an_ attach

switch o_, 'the abort, handle. _ar.by on the _t astrmaut panel is in the -_.aAseonnee_ his ,uAt mrlteh mlerophone-headset

.'rnAaSNI"_ oelt_cn. p ec_unleaticns asu_b_V

em,_t_r

a _-he_am_-PTT _s

to the suit

ccmmm:tea't_ ec_ctc_.

asseub_7 Is fit_e4 vlth a 27 foot vaterproofelectricalieab_eand is used after egress to provide the astranautvlth tvo ray e_eatlo_s c_ the spacecraft_ and _ e_eatlcu systems.

IF
12-11. HF _C_2ZC_S 5he HF voice eommnieattcaw set is an _ reeeiver-tranm_ter unit.

12-12

MCDONNELL

'

!SEDR

104

A&"_
! U.H.F. DESCENT AND RECOVERY ANTENNA

__

ACTIVEELEMENT

"

I -ACTIVE ELEMENT

ACTIVE ELEMENT

_!'--ACTIVE

ELEMENT

[" I

"

IIII

_c

r
''"NO / I H.F. / ..... RECOVERY WHIP ANTENNA, X I MAIN BICONICAL

{cl NDS-BAND A ANTENNA/_ ....

(TYPICAL3 ,LACES.) /__

___"_\ _ _---,_,_

,_.

1
ACT,VEELEMENTJ

(TYPICALOPPOSITESLOE) "

FM18-116A

:Figure12-6.AntermaS_m :12-13

Utilization

12-14

12:15

_NNEg.L.

$EDR 104

Power from the _

the reaeiw m_,.ica

PreoYjpaet
of the set.

2_ volt

_-e bus is fe_ aireet_

is fed 2_ yolts

to
throu_

Mac trans_Ltter

'_D'

positlan

of the _SKIT

n_teh

a_

the cloud

contacts of

_arat.l.m _r,

after _o,mrs_mc,a_m. ._m_Co _

the ml.erolg_m m_-'2er autma_leall_ _

'to_

tz'ans-

a l._tez" V.c_icm of the m l.t _Ls_ center.

in the au_l.o the V0X

_he tr----_tteris keyea e_ther

e_t

_ _

_7 the utrmaut's

use of _

xwh-to-_k

_teh.

(_ n_
IF _

_-8).
antenna ec_e'_1.en _rea the set :l.s b_ou_ bel_ the i_h_Ju_ _i,,,, .,.h.,,_ po_t_m co.sole. _e
BIOOHE opera_0_.

SZLICT m_teh
_RCT mr_ MWsO

locs_

if_lizes t_

kJaree positions s DIPOLE po82tio_s _,vv_

(orbit _Iv)_ anteing*

e_d

_P.

sw_eh

opt/mt_

o_bit.

Au_Lo outlmt from the ree_wer_ HIP_ol_e

_eln_uK

li_eto_e

dur_ panel.

trsns-

ai.s_I.cn is routed to _ 12-12. _MF V0I_ _SII_IICAT_IS

control

_n the eantrol

_e des_ned

_F

voice

e_--_4eat2_ m a frequeney by a Npmmte

met is an N/_eee_ver-traum_t_r of _ra_atel_ _F booster _]fier. 299 Me.

,m_t _he trenw_tter

to operate

mrbput _s ineroas_

_MCDONIIIELL

SEDR

104'

12-17'

_RNM;.I.

SEDR 104

posl_to_ _ _he _ theset.. (See _

iS also taken _

wl_

_o_the z_ee_ver Ne_i_ seet_ o_*__.

svtt, eh. At

_-9). Power _orthe ._tt_r

_ _ _OSi_vtoD of the 'J_/MA_'Y

bieone

an_.e,_a Jepsz_i_

the bie_e

_-psz_i_

z_

eon_aets asmme

a eont/w.c_ _

m' p=pous, r _tO _

tO the

the

,_,_4_oeem_r.

_he _'anud.tte_"

Is e_er_J.se_

ei+_-_' autnm'_I.eA!_y

or maaual_ by the _. bieo_e sepez_ti_

:It v:Ll.be ener_.sed, au_eBtle-,,y at f_ _e_i_ _ equip-

_o provde a IIHF'_

the eeutr_l,

lumel to the R/Y postt_.

coax 8_A_eh, a_

_tiple_or,

a_ _he e_a

s_i_eh to ei_he_ the

_ts_s_

voice o't_++"e..ea + x,'e+t_ ',_

_ "P_ _w"aoae causes *.hebo_s_

pu_ is _

boo_e_

by _b_

_l.t_z

to 2 n_s.

_he booster

iS _o

mU__b_e _er
t_e e_ezu_ m_h

zaas4_, _
'_0 et'k_r

m_ttpzex_ ou_pu_s eo_e_

_ main bte_e _ _he _ rueue

t_.
e_mua'

JlmsOAo u.'k_tt :Px'oa _ o is _ _o _ _'

reeeiver, lae_xllz_ volume e_rol

s:Lcte'kcm.e flm"l:_ _aumlssi_,

la the c_nt.x'ol l_seL.

12-18

...._. 0

I_

_ 0 -- _ Z Z,..,

_, _"

I/_I-_I I',_ _
Z FMle-II tA

+z

I_-

:Figure 12-10. Command

Receivers

Data Flow

!12-19

NNELL

:_SEDR 104

TELEMETRY SWITCH FUSE A m PRE-

BICONE ANTENNA

BUS
24V D-C

MATININSTRUMENT PANEL
(SWITCHES TO NO. ANTENNA FAIRING 2

--t IMPACT COMD 1 b OFF )CONT 1

JETTISON)

ORND

TEL SWITCH

I'

ANTENNA

SWITCH

"_

KEY

2
ANTENNA

TELEMETRY COMMAND

[, _ 1
TELEMETRY POWER SUPPLY i TELEMETRY _TRA SMITTER N

EECOVERY 1
MULTIPLEXER

(ENERGIZED BYGROUND COMMAND)

B-:-200V FILAMENT VOLTAGE

--!

GROUND

I i

24V D_ INSTRUMENTATION

GROUND

TEST

,.
GROUND RELAY NO. UMBILICAL TEST 3 GROUND TEST SWITCH _ _ 1/2 SEC. TIME RELAY DELAy

PM18-112

Figure 12-11. Telemetry

System Data Flow

12-20

 Li /.

_c.elv_e.._.ecd_' unt_ eom,_._r_sf an IM reee_.ver. _he z_elve_ o s_nal asy be ,.__;,]-_e4 with s mztmm _ _Lx e_ s _oss_le' _ sudlo

_ea_les

_hleh

IaA:Lv'J.A,,a!

e_'l_'ol

re_.

(Bee

1,_.

32-3.0).

m3.1,Telou4 cresol _o_r,vlth

eh,,__ L

_ea _la svallable

are 1='orlae4 _,, _ In th_ --_11a_ 4eel.

reee_L,rerCca-

an -aa4+J.one]. _

ehsanel aesa=ets arenot cU.se3.oae.

pae_ voice e_es'l:t_s s_a_eeza_ _h "the e_ _ be Ms4 _'m _ reeetwr, l_-e_.ve_"_s

eason:.
U,=mA st,at;tomto are s_e4 t;o .the astz'o_ ._t"

_b_oUi_ a _11_
| t s I_.

a_ _m_L_ler 1_ the a_l.o eeatez, etxcutts

P .Oi.Oi.Oi.Oi.Oi.Oi_" _| _ C_ila_ i_ tli _t_ _

).8 vo)._ A-e bus.

pover e_-'eults are roa_4. _

seet._.ons of

Ante_A t_U_ is _ _ms svL_ an8 _

_e bte_ae o_ _ nu_t/_leze_

_eseua snta_,m-thz_h

tha

_o i_the _ecever.

M_e te_

t_It_er

set Is an IM t.-_m1_e_

o_e=at1_

ca s

12-21

_,

2,/,,
-<: -_: >
" Figure 12-12. Beacon

6=
";._z _==_=System Data Flow

' 12-22

WCI_ON_mLL

SEDR 104

Before /__ supply

_n_illeal

drop,

_h.

telemetry

tranmttter

and its

power the _h_ S

receive

04 VOltS d-c

t_on

the Ymtn PTe-mpact Relay t nczmaZ_

bus throt_h

e_er81zed re]J_'s

Ground Test soZenold ts

Umbilical energzed

open contacts. until

+_,_h-'Ott_the ,__l]_cal

the ,m_i14caZ

To sllence svlteh the In the

_he _4 tra_4tter, OFF position PZaclng a signal whleh the

the

astronaut

may place 2It V d-c in the power

_he telemetry from c_and reachln8

w111 prevent mrltch

transmitter. enables

telemetry

ground the

posltlcm

from the 8round to app.1_"power to the it

energtze tranm_tter. is removed

telemetry _he elgnal off the

o.,_;_-_,,d relay ls programmed

vb.l.e.h will to la_t

_ mlnutes

an_ then

shuttt_

telemetry

_ans_tter.

The tr_4tter

wlZ1 r_,In

off until c_=mnded _.w_3_/ switch

agaln by _round c.-._-.-_._-e CONT posl_c_1Of _e appZies a_ttnuo_s power _o the _ +_-_-_ter.

Code_ Ins_taticn Ps_mSe _u_a_1oa _",

Inf_raatlon is m_pliea

fro: the lns_w*utati_ (See _he

aua usea to frequency _;:_,te Se_tlon XIV of thls :_usl).

_he tr_tter.

BY power output Is re4 to the _ throush the entm_svlteh

:nl%Iplezer where It is routed or _Y recovery antenna.

to +_-_e_-In"oiccme ,

32-17.

C-B_

BF_C_ he C-Bsn_ beaccm is a transponder _tt cc_lstln8 of 8 receiver 5_00 to and

tra-_4_ter _he beaccet Upc= ground

operatu8 ls

on a frequency and ls the

of epprcnclaa_e3_ compectlble wlth

_900 MC. r _a:-. selection

_mbZe p,,l_ed throush

modlfled

FPS-16

c_ad_

eo_an_

receiver,

or by astronaut

1_23

_O_NffLL

SEDR 104

of the

CONTpositiou

of the

C-Ban_ beacc_

switch,

the beacc_

receiver

is

energised.

Interrogation by ground radar will then result in a eodea Xnput power is from the main preby the C-Band

repl_ fron the beacc_ transmitter. i_act 24 volt d-c bus through

the beacon relay conl;ro].l--_l _

comm=_d receiver, or, for continuottsoperation_ throt_ beacon swltch. provided. _e divider is

An OFF position of the C-Ban_ beacon switch is also 32-3.2). antenna connection Beacon is %broach the C-Band power antennas. A phase shifter %o

(See Figure C-Band beacon to the _ the in the

C- and S-Ban_

used between nulls

C-Ban_ Power Divider raalation pattern.

and one C-Bend Antenna

prevent

12-18.

S-_:._BN-_C05 _he S-Ban_ beacon Is a transporter ,m_t co_slstlng of a receiver aml transmitter. of approxtmate_V (_:= 2700 Figure to 2900 ]2-]2). _he unit operates on a frequency possi-

MC and Is double

_,_l,,,ed to reduos

bilities of unauthorized Interrogation. ground tolerate based Verlo_t Radars and operates

_his unit is ospatible with at a positive acceptance

of + 0.5 mlcro-second_ sn_ a positive re_ectlon %olermace of

+_1.8 _toro-mconds. Power @rcute, interrogation and repl_ are the s_e as the C-Ben_

kacon,

e=ph
the S-Band Power Divider to

Beacon antenna connection is thro_h three "C" and "S" Ban_ Beacon antennas.

12-24

_IIICDONNELL

SEDR 104.

_z

z_

12-25

_MCDONItlELL

SEDR 104

m,/m,
TWo recovery c_ hlsh are frequency, to beacons whlle provlde are the radlo eomb,-_t other lnto o_e unit. c_ ultra recovery One beacon high operates Both equipoperates for frequency. flnder

energized

signals

direction

Be wlth

HF recovery modulated t:pact

beacon

operates It

on a frequency is powered by the

of apprn_m-tely 12 volt standby

8 MC bus out-

a tone the

output.

throush put ls Be wl_h

relay the

end 18 energized rescue dtplexer operates ls powerea

upon _o the

landis. elevate4

The RF power HF Recovery

fed through _ recovery

Antenna. 243 MC

beacon It

on a frequency by _ circuit ls 6 volt is fed

of approxlmate_7 isolated energtze_ throush bus

pulse

modulation. separation

t_lTC.,dh t_e antenna multl-

antenna fatrtn8 ple=er

letting ls

relay.

_ht8

when _ the aDten-a

Je_ttsc_.

_he RF power output

an_ the

anT_m-n switch tO the UgF rescue

antenna.

12-20.

_In_.T_

RES_JE Beacon operstes on a frequency of appr-_m-_el_ _43 MC

_he Aux. Rescue

with pulse mo_balatlon. It Is powered by the 6 volt standby bus throush the Ant_--- Fairl_ fairing _. Separatlon Relay. _he RF power 2-12). _hese cireulte are ener_zed is radlated frnm the at antenna

separation. (See ns_

Aux. Rescue Beacon

12-2L

AWTmNAS

12-26

WOOONNILL

A bico_eal re-entry phases

antenn8 of "the

antenna fairing

and is located over "the open end of tim recovery spacecra_ a_eterbody. _

cce_artmemt of 'the c_lind_cel 8ntenna serves receivers, bioc_cal the lover

_S_ 8__ __ _ ._t 1S 8_ _

$EDR 104

28 used for pre-launch_

launch; orbit

a_

4n_tie2

system

bico_cal

'the HF n,_ UHF votoe receiver-transmt_ter8 trsns_Ltter8. _ ac_lve

s the c.--_,n_ elemnt of the

anti the telemetry antenna p_c_ f_s

the upper portion

o_ the antemm fa_r_ag _htle bod_ fm the groun_

of the fairing (See _

a_l the spacecra_ 12-13).

plane for "the ente_nA,

F-

A_ rescue.

28 used fca" the _ antenna located,

_Aee

of re-entry;

landing

It; 2s a compact

cm the open eu:rtace of the m_;emm

t8 ,_0'i_tt8C8_

meovez7 syateus c_m_-_ent.

fS_T_ '_B :l.nfft._11*iL _

The antenna 8 folded _en

8eCOolld8 8_ th_ f_

the UHF recovery antenna is erected an_ serves the t_F voice receiver. tra-m._t_ers,the UHF portion of the recovery beacon, the _:--and receivers, and the tele_etr_transmitter. (See Figure 12-6). 12_._. MAIN BICCffE D_I_OLB BF AHD _F RECOV_ _he various radio systa_ are ec_ _ F_ to the blc_ne antenna, the runner: (See

_F dipole or the U_F recovery ante--a in the follo_

12-27

_MCDONNIILL

SEDR 104

(I)

'me HF voice to the HF _

receiver-tr_--m_tter SBLECT _ feeds

antenna coaxial the ante---

leads

are ccmnected which _nen placed as fo!_s: di-

switch antenna thro_h

in the (a) _

fo3.3.o___-_ positions position,

systems

HF recovery

the recovery

p]_xer. (b) BICUNE position, ple_er (c) and the the bicone antenna antenna through the main m_lti-

sw_tch. o _ HF dipole ant_ma on

DIPOLE (ORBIT O_LY) position_ the recto package.

(2)

O_

recelver-tren_qtter

antenna lead is connected _ whose outputs feeds the After antenna sepa-

the

main w,1_Iple_er, _o the antenna nltch blcene antenna un%il an%4_m_ separatlm. ration the descent anteDna is f_l. (3) _e c_l

receiver antenna lead is ecanected to the antenna

multIple_er. (_) _ Lov frequent7 tel_._ry mtltip]_er. transmitter feeds d_recltT to the

antenna

m
_he ant_"of the _Cy ra&to _,_tiple_er systembox using v_tch enables aimcltaneous or i_I:Lv_Aual this is operation a raalo f_eo one antenna. allows several EfTective_y receivers

_unction

an_ tr--_tters

operate slmultaneously _hout cc_nectlon o the antenna

Interference with each other. 1;he ente-na sw_tch to elthe_ _ae

is e_h

12-28

W_iI.L

SEDR 104

_iconlcal antenna, or the t_F rescue an$_-_na. _e _

antenna swi_.h is

operated by the antenna fairing separation relay to cause the autnmatlc _ht_t t_Cm _ main am_ezms to the U_ rescqze antemm t_c_ antemm

Jettlsm

Figure

An antem_ a1_er ]_z_.

Is provldml q_, and_nna

to permit

radAo

tra_eslcn _ip an_zma

and receptlo_ vhloh is auto-

t8 a telescoping

matelal_

extended by a pyrote_ t_e

c after _mpact.

Once extended, the and the HF portion

antenna is uses for

HF voice recelver-tra_m_tter

of the recovery beacon. _he HF recovery beacc_ fee_s through the recovery dlplexer. r_ voice receiver-transmitter is fed through _ and then dAple_r _ into the zeeovery diplexer to _e HF ANT _he lead

position of the ma_ the HF _aip over ante---. a single

e_,,ltaneous

or in_tvid,m_:

operation

12_._.

C AND S B_D m_ee

A_Z_AS S-Bau_ antenna units are installed _he_e secttc_. in _he spacecraft spaced con_tenna.

C- a_l

structure f_r +_e C- a_ about t_e sists ctrcm_erenee

S-Ba_ beacons. of the ec_lcal

,,,_tsare equal_ _ach he_Y az_enna unit

of one helix as a _-Ban_ antenna a_4 _ _tenna lea_s from the C-Ban_ m_ pca_r dividers tO the

as an S..Bm_

S-Ban_ beac_

are _oute_ through (See

r_

i_vid_el

three assoclate_ he1_- onte--as.

12-29

_ONNBCA.

SEDR104,

An HF Dipole antenna is used while in an orbit conditlon.

_he

dipole ante--- consists of two unitsj one attached to either side of the retro package. copper ribbons. orbit. _e _he active e_ts co_Islstof tubular bery11'h,,_.

ribbons are rolled in a flat condition prior to

Upon reaching orbit, a squib is fire_ on the dipole antennas to release the active elements and allow them to unroll and (See Figure 12-13).

aasa_lies,

become tubular in an extended cc_Ition

12-z9. 12-3o.A io
_e audio center provides transistorized audio s_pliflers, a voice

operated rela_ (VOX), an audio filter, tape recorder control circ, xltry and transmitter control circuitry. are contained in a light weight, (See Figure 12-7). --_t. All components

foem encapm, l_ted

Two fixed gain

headset _plifiers

are used to bring audio signals Two fixed gain outputs to

ep to headset level and feed the headsets separately. smplifiers are provide_l to increase the dy,=_c

microphone

a level suitable to be used with the various transmitters. A low pass filtar, with a cutoff f_ filters the audio supplied fr_ the c_ frequencies above 3000 cps, receivers. Outputs from

the filter is fed to a variable gain_ command audio amplifier. _e "voice operated relay" is a translsturIzed s_pllfier with separate threshol_ level and release time controls. _e amplifier

a_ustable

12-30

"_,mqCJ_NNEI,,L

SEDR 104

owrates _his --tt _he potential rest

a relay parallels auaio to

to provide the

a grounding

circuit

for

tranm-ttter

keying.

external

PTT switch. a circuit to appl7 is the keying grom_

center _e

fur__a_s

transmitters.

Each circuit

protecte_

from the

by a diode. A relay is installe_ to the tape in the audio center In the recorder for suppling pover conditl_, audio pro_cmas received tape an_ the

audo relay by the

signals closes

recorder. tape

de-energized input, thus

s circuit is

to the recorded

spacecraft operation.

whenever

_nRtrumentation

recorder

When the relay set

microphone if

svitch

or VOX is

operated, recorder the

the is

tape

recorder One

is energised of closed relay

VOX operation contacts

of tape

selected. power set circuit of

nov c__ple_s l_c_raw_nS, microphone

recorder

indepen_ent contacts

of instrumentation routes signal from the

_nile

a second to the

amplifiers

recorder

The circuits craft 24 VOlt d-c

in the i_puts

audio with

center

operate

directl_

from

the

spaceincrease.

no further

re_tlatton

or voltage

The audio signals of the

control variotts

panel

pruvdes

controls

and circuits (see Fi_tre individual vol_ne

for 12-7). T-pads

the

audio

spacecraft

receivers

The HF and I_Y circuits vol_ne is true controls. of the _F _e

are routed has

through a single

to stone

_F circuit _htle

control, is

the

circuit,

separate

vol,m-

control

provided

12-31

_NItI|LL

SEDR 104

for tone

the cm--_

a,_o

circuit.

Fxed l_uts

are used for the alarm

and groun_ tnterphone _he panel also contains

circuits. a mrl_ch override f_ the impact keTlng butt_ on the panel keyl_. (P_fer

feature to _nt_,_

used with the _HF tram_tters, ___e tel_etry B+ s,ppl_

mzt _TInK to provide

ezer_

:12-32.

HF VOI(_ _vr,_-_ _he _ volce _t s _- _ receiver-tr_ttter de8_ as a mall,

The receiver section of the --It 18 a translstca_r_d .i,_t_me circuit using a crystal _he final filter, crT_al diode deteeta_ an_ elaH B audio au_to amp]J_er i8 use_ for sift(me du_ lw_-a-

emp!tt_er. assic_8. _e

tr_--._ttermetlon of the unt ut_ ontro11_ oscl]._atc_, driver

vaomm tube s_s _ae _eoh

fo_

the crystal

an_ power m_.llfer.

power mplfer empl_er tone. 21_volts

+_" __

m_ be mod_]_l_l

up t_ _0_ by a tw--_tstm_LNd

aml motivator. output

__q___se au_l.o ert,_8 are alao _meclteL- e_lei8 _ watts. _

_

Tr_-_t_ter d-_;

_ae _m_ i8 powered by spacecraft, an exte__-_

_ r _t_

Power is route_
_ a_ _

mr'r_.h _

contacts
_

power, rela_ operati_a and a t_an_istar_

poee_ea_verter.

12_32

"__NmLL

SEDR 104

D-e

voltage

i8

also

from

the

receiver

RF stqes.

Autenna

swAtchtng is acec_llahe4 :m_.ver _

by 8 solt4 state circuit

ihich block= the

trensaJ.ssJ.oa.

vtxl,ee _eelvar-t,r_m,ma,t.tt,_r :ttter designed _ as a malls i8 .5 va_.

ecaas:l.st, of an _ s ,s,_t operating _

reee:l:ver-'taem_snear 297 Me. is boosted oy

11gbtwet_

_..,_-._tt;er

51m traasmAtter

a flnal boo_e_ _IACAer. _e receives aectloa of the _t elrcalt _ crystal as _e is a translst_ised sul_0_ete_dyae fA1t_r _ also serves

a crystal coatrolle_local oscillator,c_ _he audio sexton o_ the re_elver

_Alcde4erector, speeeh _llfler,

modulator _:d px_ldes

s14etc_e fc_ the trans-

:i_te:. _he transalttersectlc_ of the ,,-_t utilises a _-ystal eontrolle4 o_l_-tcr, trl_ler ea_ p_nr _m_iAfler. _he RF se_tlc_uses clrcults are transistorised. to tbe.se_, m_s vol_a_e am external

vacu=n tubes _hile the mo4.ulatlcu

Spacecraftpover, 2_ volts _t-e, m_iAed Is is applAed to th_ _e_etver_ trl_s_Lt converter _Ltter seitch a_Ao circuits

en_ back _h.rou_ _s

to an internal

po_er ec_e_er. to "the transmitter

transistorized _b_emss_Atch

supplAesB+ vo_e voltap

RF se_ttou. transit

fil_ent

is also a_lle4 _

bT the externeA separaticm,

ca' the bteone

se_a_'a'tlas, ml.a_ receiver

bieone

SWAtehln__ __e_ _ circuit. bloek:L_ _

to transaitter

operation is aee_,_.l,t.abed

potential is applied to a s_itehingrela_ and a blo_ _1_ _z_t4es sn_ m_l,.power eo'uve_c, mrteh_. ex" voltage,

eireult

z_oves

reeever

_mNJ_L.

SEDR 104

A booster ou'_ut
available

smq_r

Is usea prior

to _

to increase _he higher

the . 5 'ntt

of the _
after

tr-,,_t'-t_n"
lsn_ng.

to 2.0 w4_ts'.

power is also

_snaz _

to the _,oos'_ is route_+.h__uSh aoubzepo_, exe_ a

the relay is de-ener_zed, the Signal is route_

throw coaxial relay. _en

_e_k.

_e eo_ an FM Receiver

receiver-decoder a transistc_-ized is unit cc_slstingof an_ a decoder unit to operate control e_reuits.

Cs_ ng..-.e _ _-_o).

receiver se_tic_ of the ,m_t is a _ual eonversic_ st_he_

circuit.

_he first local oscillator _ttpleatton. _e

Is crystal con_n_lled

a_l uses two are used

stakes of f_equeney for the" f_rst

Two stages o_ _m14_eation sec_ loea_ ose_Uator

glv_

IF, 78 MC s_na_
_

ts also

crystal ccntzolle_

wAth the first XF _

a resultant secon_

IF of.lO. 7_ MC. "cz_uator. _;;_o

Output i_o_ the IY strip 18 +.-_o_h li_Iterto the _18mm_l_flers boost the 41se__m_-to: output for_he corn-

voice,-,--_ .u_ a_oaor_-,_ver. _ver tn_m-n _ e_ _ae eupp_ese _

ten _eeoder channels in _e
_e In&i_i&ml

aet.
each provide filters f_ $_elr _pecli_lc

deceder _--*la

e_

frequency

an_ e_la_ers

to operatea _o_ble pole,_ouble

+_row

re1_r for ee_h _,,.,.,.,-I..5_ tenrel_'_ _hue sakeavat_b_e o_a1_ n

aria normal_ _ ebntaeta for extea_aL eoutrol
12_q4

e_at_;

operatteu.

S_eeraft po_, 18 volts_-e,is _

_ _ioae elx_t, vA_In the _.It, is _

to pawer _he set. A

regui_ion.

for voltap

auxili_

_e_oaer operates vi_

_e

recelver-_eeod_r _mLt, al-

he deeoder _s_nels decoder -_m_is

the e_IAa_

deco4er are laentleal to the the exeeptioa of the

of _he reeelver-_eeo_er, _i_

e_

fze_a_lesat _MA_ they_era_e.

_he _;elamtoe_" l_3_er _lles

pne_a_e

vol_age _

_il:,be

"be3.e_et,.-_

e_a_

_tc4ss.

81u_eers_ X_,r,

2_ volt, _L-e, s all,ted

to a _-aus-

_. A i_1! _ave, ex,j_ _io_e reeti_Aer iS _ Ca_ one oeeo_, .YAth

voltap

_e_,_-ti_, _ovlde200volts to _-c.

.m4m
_ of apize_,,-_.v an I/( ua_ u,_ 2.0 n+..ts ap_ox_a_e:_v _ at WO _m_s _a step _rme_ta_m _C. a_hetraao_e.er circuits, s.

wo" st_us_ _ 1_'.

are epp_L to a_Lr_

sS4pa_ m_Aer-ioola_o_ c_-_Lt.

12-35

_MODOItlNItLL

SEDR104

portions of the transmitter consist of a triode quarts line oscillator into a pentode buffer stage feeding a triode power smplifier. signals are fed to the oscillator stage. The VCO

Filament and B+ are obtained

from a separate power supply. pr_,_y power supply.

Spacecraft 24 volts d-c is the telemetry

_e

C-Band transponder is a pressurized superheterodyne receiver operating in the With the exception _e

and pulse modulated, 400 watt peak output tran_itter, frequency range of 5_O0 to 5900 MC (See Figure 12-12). of the _gnetrcn

an_ local osc_l_=tor, the ,,_t is trs_sistarizea.

receiver consists of a pre-selector, local oscillato_, _00 MC IF _nplifier strip, pulse c'Lete_or, p,,_-e--T.lifierand decoder. Resonant cavities are

used for the pre-selector and local oscillator. The tran_,_tter section accepts decoder outputs andpulse mod,,Intes the transmitter out-put. The unit contains a power supply for converting spacecraft 24 volts d-c input puts. to filtered 2_ volts d-c and regulated, 115 and 150 volts d-c out-

Antenna sharing is through an internal diplexer.

32-.

S-m D
The S-Band transponder is a pressurized superheterodyne receiver and pulse moa,,1-tea;lO00 watt peak output transmitter operating in the frequency range of 2700 to 2900 MC. (See Figures 1,?.-32).

12-36

_ _O_N_.

SEDR 104

Receiver and transmitter circuits ere _he same as "those used in the C-Ban_ beacon wlth the exceptlc_ of the pre-selector, local osc_11_tcr an_ trAn_tter which are designed for S-Band frequencies.

_e mitter

recovery

beacc_

cnm_ines modulated_ (See

an HF_ to_e

m_lulated_

8.36_ into

MC trans-

an_ a UHF_ pulse _mit.

243 MC traumnitter 12-12). _e _F

one .m.11_ of "the _heHF "two

foam encapsulate_

Fi_tre

section

beacc_ is a c_e tube circuit wlth a p,,lp.e codi_

network.

sectlc_ of "thebeacc_ is a "transistorizedcrystal oscillatc_ _ stage power mw_l_fler vlth t_e Verter. power _e

mo_ulatic_ supplied from a power conthe spaceereft "the 6 volt _-c

beacc_ utilizes 6 exu_12 volts d-c _m _e _F secttc_ is energize&

syste_

by e_plying

to a transistcrize_ power cc_verter.

A i_,11wave, crystal diode elfwhich is applied to

cult is used to rectify the power converter ou_ the UHF stage. beacon.

ApplFin_ 12 volts _-c e_ergizes the _F sectic_ of the re_-_recl f_ the 12 volt !,,!_t.

No power converter is _'

Modulation f_r the s_pl_ power tO _he power converter.

section is provide_ by ro_tlz_ the 12 volt sta_es throt_h a secon_._y _ of the

e_lifier

12-_.

At_Vv_Y

_F

RESCUE BEACC_AND AFf_NA trans-

_he Aux. U_F Rescue Beacon, consists of a pulse m_lula_d f_

mi_ter and power supp_V which is enclose_ in a foam encapsulated case. (See _ 12-12). The unit _s c_ecte_ to the 6 volt standby bus

an_ has an output of 91 watts. c_mpa_nt

The on_enna is moonted in the recovery

add is self erectlc_. 12-37

_MOOONNELL

SEDR104

antenna multiplexer allows reeeptlcn end tr_nm_ssion many spacecraft frequencies over one l_e antenna. _he unlt consists of a n_er to _

of the

_Icone or U_F recovery

of filters a_=Aen6edso that all

spacecraft frequencies between 15 and 450 MC can be multiplexed on the single feed iane. Each input channel is provlded 60 db of isolation.

_e

recovery diple_er n-It is used for

the _F voice recelver-tr---One low pass and one l_-e to the

mltter and HF section of the recovery beacon. pass filter is used to diplex approximately

15 MC on one feed

HF recovery

antenna.

RF mrAtehing _pllcatlon

is

ace_wp1Aahed

with

motor

driven

SPDT swatches.

of spacecraft 2_ volts d-e through external circuits drives

the svltch to the appropriate RF position and opens the power circuit for that position. The manual HF A_ select switch is hand positioned

to the DIPOLE - BICCBE c_ Ww_P position.

12-_6.

BICO_E _he spacecrai_ ls electrically divided in two sections. _-6). _e (See Figure,

antenna fai_Ing structure at the Junction of t_ese sections _Is sets. Junction is center fed by a coaxial At frequencies between _ and 450

resembles a discone antenna. cable from the c_mmwlcatlons MC the a_enna fsi_In_ _ts

_Ike discon_ ante_a,

A lower frequency

of 15 MC causes the u_It to resemble an "off center fed" dipole_ between the upper end lower _ts. 12-38

_' _C_NNBA_t.

SEDR 104-

_us

the bicc_e antennamay serve alI spacecrafti_requencleas wlth receptlcnend transmission

_he excelTtlo_ f C- and S-Bands, a_ o wlthln 14m4ts of the spacecre2_system. _'_7. BI00HE ISOLATOR An isolato_ is proviaed to shield

electrical

wires

_hat pass +.h_.ough

_he blccne antenna fairing structure. _2e Isolator is formed into a tube _ch fairing. is eurve_ to a'l1_ mount:l.ngbeneath T-he periphery of the ante_-a

12-.
_he _Y Dipole f .... Antenna is extended to 13 feet, 8 inches after an orbital conditionis reache_. Selectionof this antenna for _F use is s_hleved by

the astronautthrough the use of the HF AHT _LECT switch located to "the

rlSht theastronaut. of (SeeFAsure 12-6) 12-_-9. trm_ zm_'_ _ rmoo_mm_

Be U_F descent and recovery antenna takes over the D_F functions of the bic_ antennawhen the antenna fairing is _ettisc_ed. (See

Figure 12-6). _e U_F descent and recovery antenna is a fan shaped, verticallypola_izedmc_opole located c_ the top of the recovery ccmpart_ent

Upc_ landing, impact circuits initiate a sequence for the HF recovery antenna. (See Figure 12-6). _'_e elevated antenna acts as a vertical_vpolarizedm_nopole for BY frequencies.

12.-39

_O_NNmLL

SEDR 104

iz-51.9-Am)
h_ee Figure

AW m AS
antenna --_ts serve the C- and S-Ban_ beacons. of a C- and a S-Ben_ antemna. (see radiator.

12-6).

Each ,m_t is a eavt_

consists

Each _dlatar

moemted,helix

12-52.

Nn_xARy

UHF _e_E

BEACONA_NA type antenna is vertical_ cable _lth mounted a_ec%_ in the recovery auxiliary In-

A spring-tape compar_J_t _F rescue an_ is beacon

connected inside

by coa_l

o the

the spacecraft.

the btcc_e

entenna

stalled, _he tape antenna Is held in a bent position an_ _on separatic_ the an_n-a sprlngs into operating positio_.

bicale

12-.40

SECTION

Xlll

NAVIGATIONAL

AIDS

TABLE TITLE

OF CONTENTS PAGE 13-3 13-3 13-3 13-4

General ................................................. Navigational Aid Kit .............................

Satellite Clock ........................................

N_4_
_:':_'_ ::_ _::::: _IilH_IHIHIH_

Altimeter ...................................................

Longitudinal Accelerom eter ................... 13- 5 Indicator .......................... Reticle .............................. 13-5 13-6

...iiiiiiiiiiiHiiii'iHii_._ii!iiiii_ ttitude-Rate A _iiiiii_ili_iiffiffi_iiiiii_; ;;;i;i_

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

__:_ :_:_:_:_"-__

Navigational

"ff.:ff:":''"L:ffL:.::._:.:L:'.:'_ff ff_ffffff!_ff_:_

:!!!!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiii_iii_i_!i!i!iii!igiiiiiiiiii_i!!!_:f-N.-='_. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
/_, ,

:_i_iiii_ii_ii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_iiii_iiiiiiiffi_iiffffiNff-___..

.'._{_!ii{:H:_:i.:iffi:'i{:HL:{-:'ff-:_'H''''"::'!ffffff_ff:Z:_. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ._i _{_Siiff-[ii:iiH{{iHHiff'ff:ff:'H!!'!{_'!_'ff":_":":'.:"_":""-::ff_ ..:!i .:{{iHi!i'ii:i{'i{iiff_" HH-_'ff:'!'!{"L: :.: ff_i" L:" L ":.ff.:ffffffffff ffffff_.

' iii'!! iiii_iiiigi!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiigi!g!!_g iiii!i!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iilWiiiiiiiiiiii "::_:.

':

i i i i !i3
13-1

_ONNELL

SEDR 104

(TYP.)

_E TIME RESET

SATELLITE CLOCK

=%
LNAVIGATIONAL AID Kl'f _ _ PENCIL HOLDER

BINDER ASSEMBLY
FM18-54 A

Figure

13-]

Navigational

Aid

Kit

and

Satellite

Clock

13-2

'_ _'_;Nmi_..

SEDR I04

13-i. Imr_atlau_ w1_,1_y an_ _ a1_s Vhleh are x-_ct_ _ each _ are prc_r1_ to o_ts_ al_ttw_j ec_wNs

to aCt_Lu 8wL,.*4?taln the

a_"_tu_ th_c_h

of *_ _-_h_.

_-_.

__AL

A_ I_
ect4 klt ecmslsts ew_ Is nount_ _ b4_-r af a neopx-_m_ eoa_ _ n71xm ease_

_e nav_a_cml _w_ s b_le= (see _ asse_r; 13-].).

the nsln 4n,r_me_ c_ a mmb_ c_ h_Sex (2) _i_ z_,_m_xton

8ssmbl]r ecuststs 1_meJ-_ sn_ _ are us_ to _

ear_s, l_me_ ho_a-_" =_'b-.,Jea_ t s_d_s. tsts t _ c_'s_t Etsslcm. Mw I_ esz_ _ _ ea_s

note ear_s_ cheek the sl_ac_-

navJ4_tlcms_ _s _s _bz_ea_

as x_q_.x-_ _ _

_,' 1_ne11 ho_

neoprene eoa_

an_ Is sewn _o the ease. ass,=._y by roans of a _m seemms _ b_u"

_te _-_s_ z_,_ntla_ 8sse_y

3_twxL_ls seemed, to the _ s]_, A uean_ _a x_t_nt_ca

to the _

eoa'l_l n_'lm earn.

2he =_,el"_Jte e:t.oe.k _ ls the _

e.l.ee'l=.o-me,,t,=,rlea.l.-t:tm.'L_ 1_'tee ].oeate_l. m l_z_L _ sate].l.tte eZoek _,,,t_=tes

rJ_bt o_ _gw =stn hurla_

s]_h_

_ve=

watch,

=un=utl._ wou_ watch ls h=eate_t _n _ clock. 2_IW3_(M L_ _W _0

tWJperZet=t-

hewd.eoz_w_ of the sste_ltte 8_1 _ h_Leate _ _ _,, _

is _ts_le_4 _, sn_t _.

_ 4J41fltsl 4rm eouxd_s. _he _

13-3

_he _

eoun_,s step

e_ts

aow ht c_

_Hm=.=.

SEDR 104

teleM_ht.

t,_1.e.14_ht is _ate4

in ___ _

r_ht-ha_

eox-=_

_)=

is _t_Lstea

te_ see_,,

_r1_

to x_,ro_a_

t_,w..

M_ sste]31te e]_J is au__-=tleally o_.

stazd_4 by 28 1;'D-C pmm_ at 1t1%= Z_O is prov14e4 to ene_l_Lze t_e

_0-1_ thls not oecv_, a mrLtehlsbele4 _ to _h. _ to _ the a=-_-_

s_eve =ha _a_=t

eZoe.ksat mamLmm ( al._ta_ ssaso_). '_= :_zoi_-sa=t_Je _ n_,=_T

hsma_ _.atea

_a the :Lower=d_ht act'the __!4+.e x.eeelvex-s. _ -_tes

e:Loek_e _:l_y ttw,

set

through the e,_-,,_ the satellite

_to: to _etz_aa=

e3_ck t=_l_Lts

s stsnal to the _.to

start h_u_

seamers ol_wat/n_ ec_hmmwZ.V and.sssuzesrate Syro o_erat_o_ In _re_rs_lm _ _ se_aace. When ret_c_ _Lme is obtatne4_ a set . =e-

of eoutaet _tnts

v_th/n the eloek e_e,

tntt_attng the _

the eabi= t'J.oo_lAKhts.

z3--_.. _,T_T'.._
_e sZtlaete_ ls a l_:essuz'e sens:t_l._e @s_leeloeate_ o= the 1owe: le_ of the m_tn _t _el (see Seettm ZZ _or _-___tloealm).

5he s_lLttuetez'i_l.eates _h a_so::l=te]_.&) _

the external presm_.re (in ]pcxm_s ]per s_uaz'e the s,l.t,t"l;c_(t= _,houast_ of feet) above sea

13-4

___fm.

. SEDR 104

level

c_ the spaeeersft. n_es_ _a

Mae statle

systm

_s

the ataosldmr'..e _, (_WI)

presma'e cat, rater

for the a1_. 0 t.o 100,000 f4_t, vlth

l_ Is a sh_terevolnti_ a _r at I0_000 f_r_

aceelercmet.er _,rumen_ _ (see

lh_e.h 18 1oeat._1 o_ _ 8e_icu rr fc_" _

u_mr lae_toc_)

ls_ _ss

of "the _3.f-e_ 2he seee_

un_Lta_L is housed Ins

he,nm_ien!"ty sealed e_elosvze.

is 4estsne4 to tn41este aeeeJ_-a_ton in _he range -9 to 0 _o 21 g _lts (1 S _"J_ is e_,-_ to an seeele=at_an of 32.2 feet Attached ln_lea_es to the face lnstan_eous of +..___+ aeeelercmeter aeee_ezatlc_. _t_ _ are three _ Per see_ pointers. 1_ _ea_).

One are

two polnt_s

1_d_,ers. other aeac_ Incorporate

_e _oz7

_eeo_4s _ost_lve acee_zstton. a deflection

seeeXa=s_tc_ _ _he since7 lx_zb_s unit _he saw

potnte= ln41eates negative a ratehe_ device

_nleh maintain

reset I_ aeaus of a reset knob .,,_.r_,h is _oes_4 oc0mar of the aeee_.

_n the lov_ left head

Attltu_.e-Ra'te hs_Lea_ __ r-

_g_I.eatcn' Is a "dn'ee wcLs _ s_prax_wte_y at _he top e_ter location).

.ratesad at'_d.tu_ of the m_Ln _e syst_ _Le_tes

wj_c_n locate4 _enel (see

Section

IZ for exact

p:P_h_), z'o__ _ _ az_mlim_t roll

yaw angles

am1 _

ra_es. l_alesto_

The u_L_ is a ecm_t_e am post"btcme4s

eemd.s'c_

c_ a x_te a _

s:otma _.eh

a'_,d._;u_e Incllea_mr)

at_.tude

In6eatoa" sndt a p_eh a%'f_L_e

13-5

__Imt

J.

SEDR 104

Indicator _e

(see

8eet:Lcn XI). _ _ieh

Mae rate is flat

lndlestcr lhlte

dlsplsys in color _

three is parallel

pointers. to

ra_e of _

the pon_w at _he z_LZ att_ae which s yellow q_e rate pltch _able callb_atlca ln41cstor Bach t_ de_t_. of pith ._a eo.l._ l_M_ter tn41cat_. _a41._e

n_oat_w.

z'st_ _ :raw pon_r attltu4e ln_Leato_. towar4s the lnt.er:e-

ls po:tn't_, tawax'ds the _._aleh is pink :Ln colo:

ls _

attltu4e so _

_he system ecmpcmm_saz_ c_lete_y of one c_caent of the ent/ze shal_ not necessitate systea. Mae attitude-rate

or :epla_xt is aetlva_

by pitch =a_e, _

rate and yaw rate _ans4_ers.

is i4entleal an4 eonsls_s of a g_-oseope,ampli_er an_ a _hese eau_eats fun_ti_u tcsether to pz_xtuee 4-e _ a

,_ 13-7.

_,=_:eaal _o the _

rateof chense a_7_ae. of

wavma_c_ n:zcrz
_he navlKatienz_ele crs_ is a devlee _hlch d_s _hea the space-

is at t_e eozreet aa_e to= z_wo _J_e.

I_ is locate1 at _he rear

to the _ Satm _le

allows the _ ast_'s _

_ t_e _'s

_,,_ (see _ (frm _

13-_).

_e na_-

is aomt_l _ a 180o_
to be poslttou4 _

to rlSht), this

so nat _,o block _he vle_ to the _hen it is

s_111 be secesslble. 5_e ins_

In _s vlewble posS.tA_ncontains t/nted red l_htln_ a

systea o_ suffl-

four (_) flues are vertleal.

line

Maefourth _,,- _aleh is hm_J.soatal is the

to the esz_r,h I_ _o z_z_ l_e.

_aleh ls ze_dA_4 _o be t_

_e _A_ht_ ,_sta _ auta,e_ea_ _

_'_,henthe _stnuna_ _8

_t_tr_sve4 l_e_en. _w S=eadaS3A_ n,_be dAuma by t_euse oZ a po_1_-6

rt_ICDONNELL

SEDR 104'

ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR

WINDOW RETICLE

NORMAL ATTITUDE/

(RETROGRADE ANGLE) /

PITCH ATTITUDE

YAW ATTITUDE

ROLL ATTITUDE

(PITCH UP)

(YAW LEFT)

(ROLL LEFT)

f_

(PITCH DOWN)

(YAW RIGHT)

(ROLL RIGHT) : FMIS-14&

Figure

13-2 Navigational

Reticle

13-7

_WNm-

SEDR 104

o14 l'_1.ter.

_he 1_.ite:" Is ol_zate4 by :o_at_Lag the c_s14e W_7 the 11Sht intensJ.t_'.

o_

_i,,,rtmm_t _Lch _

13-8

SECT/ON

XIV

INSTRUMENTATION

SYSTEMS

TABLE TITLE

OF

CONTENTS PAGE 14-5 14-5 .14-6 14-30 14-33 .14-36

System Description .................................. System Operation ..................................... System Monitoring .................................. System Instrumentation Instrumentation Control ...............

Recording .......................

System Units ...........................................

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i li
14-1

>-

..i

m_

FM18-140-I

Figure 14-1 Instrumentation Component

Location-LeftSide (Sheet I of 3)

14-2

14-3

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

FM18-140

Figm'e

14-1

Instrument

Component

Location

(Sheet

3 of 3)

14-4

"_/_NNffLL

SEDR 104.

mmmm mmmm ,z.

The _--_entstton on Figure I_-I. other sys_ consists of the _Jor c_ents shown and

These eo:ponents coupled wlth various tz_--_cers

plcln_ devlees provlSe a means of monlt0r1_

the physlcsl condl-

tlon and reactions of _e sad systems ope_tlonsl _ur1_s vol1_e

astronaut as well ss spaeeez_ft eondlt_ns This dsts so obtained Is applled which mo_nlates the

pe_ozmsnce.

eont_olled subeaZTler osellla_rs

Low-Frequency Telemetry Tz_nsmltter and rsdlates %o ground ststlons for enalysts corder and ew_uatton; in _he spacecraft this for s_e data is also recorded on a tape re-

subsequent cram of

stu_7

and interpretation. for the sstz_ut to Prowlsions components

A portable record are not 1_-2. also on film

16 mill_meter _ar_us for events automatic

is provided interest during control

the mission. over so_e

provlde_ for

pro_:_ed

intended

eont_mous

operation.

S_ST_

0PERA_0_ system is is auto_t$c to the and eemi-au_/m-_tc spacecraft until in opera10 minutes or The

The _--trumen_t:h_n tion after r_ the time _paet, &ar_ power

e_plled certain

landia_

ho_ev=r_ fl_ht is

components the astronaut

may be controlled or _ n_ely, e---_._.

interro_tted t--tru_en_tion f control

by either di_ed three into

system

_k_ee

LToups_ are treated

monitorl_, in

and reeordi_.

These

groups

_tvi_,*_ly

14-5

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

Instrtmentatton temperatures, throughout vetted pressure calibrated f-!l areas in the scale nemely, following into and the

monitoring conditions spacecraft. composed being

consists

of of

sempllng various

values u_ts

of and

pressures, functions are con-

and operations (See of Figure voltages

1_-6).

These

samples to the

signals conditions

proportional The proportional

te_erature, are zero into is and two

measured. and

voltages provide

within reading. High

c_n

_=ximm Instrumentation

mini_m monitor_-_

ranges is

to

sub-divided of each

Level

and

Low Level.

A description

provided

p_phs.

(o- v
High tronic The level switching coNmutator voltage (PAN) the is input signals which are is chmmele_ located its train _C voltage pulse _ train voltage into in input from the c_tator (elecpac_=ze combining This subcarrier the frequency osc411=tor which line. duration has the l_u!se oscillator of the and outputs Level (PDN) A.

device) continuously l_,l-es e_plied into to

instrumentation channels, the c_tator.

samples a pulse a 10.5 of of the the 10.5 to an

si_ o_-1 train where

controlled varies

changi_

voltage

osc_ll-tor. other for the oscillators ta_e

The output are recorder, output on the s_ls

controlled smplifier and to hard pulse

e_plied telemetry are

isolation

transmitter also converted t_pe

The High sisal=

C_,tator and recorde_

spacecraft

on-board

recorder.

14-6

_'t,foJr_ltlNIfLL

SEDR 104

_-_.
_

Low _

(-:_.v to _ _)
_astr_entation monitor_ performs components. duration The low a temperature The low (PIN) level s_s level for survey c.--,-,tator reeordi_

Low level of various output on the _rt-_ _his lator _e

structural are t_e tests is cha_

and spacecraft converted recorder, by actuation applied to to pulse only.

signals on-board ground pulse where

PAN may be monitored Survey Switch to TEST. oscilof

of the a 10.5 of

Temperature

train the

K_ voltage the pulse

controlled train varies controlled amplifier

subcarrier the frequency oscillator which

voltaEe

osc411Ator.

The output are

of the e_plted line

10.5 to

EC voltage

and other telmetr_ Figure mentation

oscillators traus_tter 1_-2 that is

an isolation outputs.

provides

and hard a block

diagram with

show_ a brief

the

parameters

of the

instru-

Is monitored

exp_mation

of each

parameter

glven parasraphs in X_-6thr_,_I_-_8. _-6. __ '_.'_m_XCA_

Spacecraft electrical power syste_ I-=trumenf_tion consists of monitorln8 the circuit illustr_ted on Figure.i_-2.

_-7. _oo_s MO_ITOR

ASCS bus 1,1,5 Wit a-c is attema_ted_ rectified and filtered prior to The tra---

be4-= e_plied to the e.'=,.,-t_tor a zero to three volt d-c s_al. as Fan bus 115 volt a-c is s_plied through a 115 to 6.3 volt stepdmm for_er in _n-_t_tlon packase A. The
se_omd--vy

Otttl_ItS are attentu_ted,

14-7

_OXtAtiZg.#-

SEDR 104,

BICONE DESCENT ANTENNA ANTENNA

[AN,E,NA SWJ

LEFTSIDE

EKG (-)

_o
CONTROL

L,3Kc I vco

_.--i,.

,I
BLOOD PRESS. RELAy

LOWERCHEST I J UPPER CHEST EKG (+) (-)

I.TKC

VCO]

I_s_I
LO. CW. & RATE J SOLENOID THRUSTER POWER ] _ LO-UP, LO-ON & RATE ASCS PffCH L

i _ol
J 5.4KC vco .40KC VCO t t

I '.' c_-- ._ _ 1
J_ RELAY RECEPTACLE UMBILICAl

A_SYAW J
LO-LEFT-RT RESPIRATION }

I--_'cvcl
] 1'3KC VCO I '

,
.
HiGH LEVEL LFCOMMUTATOR

a,._+
. j TEMP
TEST SURVEY SWITCH

I '"' v I
TAPERECORDER

PAM

. PAM

Instrumentation Block Diagram

[_
FM18-O7A

"
Figure 14-2 Monitoring

14-8

"_,'_mNKLL

SEDR 104,

rect4.t_ed

sml f_J.tered volt

prier

1;o being

=pp].te4 to the ecsw=-tst_ vo:}.1;slW_I.

as a

zero I;o three presents

4.-e s_uLI.. for each bus.

A three

(t',,_1 =,ca]e) re-

130 volts

D-e

current

emplt_lSe

is

sensed

by the

sh_

for

the

4-etrument

panel

s_eter.

_hts

shunt is and senses

in the negative total battery

lead to growl current. are _, _e

ot all volt_e and pro1;o a d-c

spacecraft across

batteries

the shunt is 50 _11_vo11;s less fc_ lesser

_aen 50 ._z_es _ it

pertio,atel_ mpltfier
A _
J

currents.

s voltage

is applied

in package
Ir011;]_1

A which amplifies
(_111 Bea]_)

to a zero _o three
_ 8m_)el*e8battery

vo11; lewd.
eunwnt.

_rese_11;B

_he omtput Of +_e aap1_ler Is app]aea 1;othe ecmntator. 14-9. D-C _r.q, an_ _he 2_ volt bet_ main bus d-c u--_tor ctrcui1; is atteanated A three prior volt to signal

applAe4 to the c;;--_ator represents _

in the A paeka_.

(_,11 scale) 1_.10. DIS_ME_J_0g

30 vol1;s bus vo].tap. SUPP_.re_ of the _aria 7 V

Y_str_aenta1;icn power s_ples-lnstr_ma_sta1;Ic_ consist8 1;or ctrcut1;s for the _o 3 volt 4-c re_ea_mces,

zero reference,

stes.

(ee

_he 3 volt _-_ reference pote_tometer type _s_enta1;ion

pove_ s_pl_ pteksps.

fro.,,4 a),,,s excltatlon_c_ .1 _aere are two 3 volt d_

14-9

_N_arLL

SEDR 104

power supples

located

in paek_es

A au_ C respec_vely. 8-c e_ltatton s_plies

Each supply voltage require-

Is zener d/ode regulate_.

_he 3 volt

ments are aiTtded between the two separate P/_r in package A furnlahi_ 1/_.1o. Z_O VOLTImF_EICg _e zero reliance s_snel ls s_l a reference f.rl

with the power sup-

scale stsnal.

gr_l _!s

and is a_l

to both applied to

of the above mnti_ed

power supplies.

is also

_e brld_ ml_tc_

7 volt circuits signal

_00 cps power s_pl_ uttlize_ cc_dttoners.

th:rntshes exctta'_t_ e_-_t

for _he i_,_t ..a _her-

w_th the res_nce

_li_ers

Power supp_7 outpu_ is attenuated _olt level A three _e po_r _his volt zero to three stsns_ (fUll

I rectif_ed volt s_re-

filtere_

%0 a zero to three to the c_,,,'tator. output level,

hal Is applleA presents

scale)

a 10 volt

sappl_

Is a trenststorized 7 _olt

power i_verte_which operates off2_. vOICeS 8-0 1;0 provide _ cps output en_ Is located in packa6e A.

Calbrattcn

ON _-_nta_%c_

conslsts

of a circu_

_%ch m__ors

presence of T_e full scale an_ zero scale e,_4brat_n ecmmnd, s_nals. _hts slgnal is present _hen 'the CALIBRREI_ switch in the telemetry tra_ler

is placed, I_JLLSCALE or ZERO position. When the f.'il to

scale callbrste

eomumd Is present, 2_ _olts _-e Is appliedto an attenuatorIn package

14-10

'__NNmLL

SEDR 104

C.

_e

c_put

of the attenuatar

(2.25

volta

d-c n_-_l

) is applie_
2_

to

the e.--,,.;_tor. When "the zero scale volts _-e Is app1ed tO a dAfferent _

calibrate point

c,_,--_d Is presen_ ca1 "the seine attenuator

network.

_e

c_ut

of the attemmtoz

(.75

volts

d_,

n--4--_

) is applied of the presence relays

to the c.--_.._,tat;(xe. '_us s an upper scale f.11 scale e-_brate

signal

indAcstes signal

presence inaleates

eommn_ aria a q..rter-scale e-31brate c._J_a. signals function to _-_cus _ese c_ other

of the zero scale _hich _e

sl_aals lnstr_entati_

energise

apP,7 calAbrate

,_--_*ls. c_ fr_

R au_ Z _.ltbra_e

may be initAate_

by the progre_

a ground statlc_ i_-15. ST.4TZC P]mSS_l_

+_'c._ the em_

reeeivers_].e in ocbit.

S_atle pressure Instrmnentatlc_ ec_ssts of a potentlomter type trens_ucer which is operatedby st_tlepressure. _e potentlo_eteris excited with 3 volts _-c f_ _ Instr_atlon power st_pl_ located in the C

penka_e. Wiper voltage output is InverseS7proportionalto static pressure. A three volt signal (_,1_ scale) is representativeof 0 psla.

CCS 0L
control hi_h a_itors priaa_ syst_ _tio_ _ _pl_ consists press_es, of circuitry _it _-_t

ana _e_lary

air pressure_ cabin pressure_te_perature_CO partial pressure_ 02 2 partial pressure an_ e_er_ency 02 rate.

I_-17. _

O2 PAREIAL PRESSURE 02 partial pressure is sensed by a trausduner aria _ttea "to a press.re
14-II

in the cabin. g_e

_he

signals

are _plAfied

on the lnstru-

_NNm.L

SEDR 104

_-nt

panel

_e

stc_als

are also to P_

al_L1e_ to the e_ator aria FIM stpals. _ P_

in steals are

A _o_re _ te_

are eo_ve._._

to _'oun_ an_ the HM _

sze reecaxlea

ca the spacecraft

tspe recorder.

C02 partlal eoD_rol system's tO a pressure _ to the e_._ta_r st_aals.

pressure sutt

is sensed by a transducer _ stgna/s panel

in the envlr_n+_L and tran_4tted

c_utt.

are _pllfle4

on the 4-_ment

_he s_n-1- are also sppl1_ to PAg an_ PIM s_als

in package A where they are cc_d are telme_re4

_he PA_ st_sls

to ground and the I_

are reeoa'de_ an the spacecraft

./

tape recorder.

Priory aetusted operates

a_

_eon_7

s_p_ In the __a_

pressures

are s_ area.

by pressure One potent_mter

dual potentioaeters a panel tn_tcat_r

vhlle

the other wiper picks output ls linearly

oft

a value

for

tnstr_entati_. sure. supply.

Wt_er voltage

proportions1

_o pres-

Exei_atlc_is _pplle__ _he zero _o 3 volts vlper

_he 3 volt _-_ _st_umen_at1_ power output represents a pressure ra_e of

zero _o 9,3_ psl wlth 0 to 125_ meter IndlcatAo=s. mary and secondary e_al;or. _ supply pressure _r_n_ducers

Outputs fraa the prlare applle_ to "_e

_kttt _ type transducer

air pressure vhleh

__atlon actual.

consists

o_ a potenttcmeter ls exc1_ed

is pressure

_ae potentlcmeter

14-12

"_a_CE_O_mZL.L

SEDR 104

with 3 volts _-c fro: the lus_c_entati_ power supply in package A. Wiper voltqe output 18 1_-earl_propoz_lonslto pressuze. _e zero

to three volt (_n_ stele) output representss folded ta_ms4u_eroutput with a presmuce raE_e of 15 psl= 0V s 7. 5 psi : 3V an_ 0 psi = OV

applie4 to the c-_-ta_or.

I_L

CASIW _SSmS
Cabin pressux_ sDI_ _SDBd_e_ _-_ntatlon eonslsts C. _ of a potentlcme_er potenti_aeter %TPe pres-

::!.11_5+-_11_. I.D,package :

is e_ite&

wASh 3 volts a-e fZ_ the _--trmnentatl_ pov_r s_ply in packa_ C. Wiper vol_e ou%put is linearl_ propca_lonalto cabin pressure. _:e out'put, _ r_e c,---,_tor. the wlpe_" repre_en_,s e foldel of 15 psi = OV, 7.5 psi = 3V,

zero t,o three volt (f.1_ seele) _er aud 0 psi 1_,.-_. CABIN _ with a pr_ss_

= OV applie_l to _

Cabin taperature Instr_entation e_ists probe mounted _ _he ba_k of the _

o_ a t_mperature _sln_

instrumentpanel. Transdvnerre-

sistancevaries prop_In--_ ly with temperatureana is part of a brld6e input circuit to an mpllfie: in package A. _e zero to three volt

(full scale) output fr-- the mplifier is representativeof a t_werat_e ren_e of _0 to 200F. _he output frc_ the mplAfler 888o_la_e_wi%h the %rsns_u_eris spplled to t_e e--_ta_or.
If

_3.

02 _
Emez_enc_ 02 _ ios_z_aen_atlon _sls_s of a mrA_h 8u_ua_e_ by

_e

ox_sn

esarL_ac_

rate

valve.

Upoa closure

of ths

sw_ch _o mar-

pncy, 2_V d-c is provi_e_ to an attenuator_hich steps 8o_n +_s voltage

I_3

NNMLL

SEDR 104

to 3 volts.

This c_t

is _en

applied to the c_.,_tor.

Cabin heat a thermistor proportional an _lifier from the

exchanger type

gas

temperature Thermistor and is The zero part to

tnRtrumentation resistance of a bridge three Volt (f._l

consists

of

transducer. te_Dersture C.

varies input

inversely circuit to

with

in package amplifier The output to the is

scale) ra_e the

OUtlmt

representative the e_plifier and the

of a temperature associated temperature with

of 30 to transducer on the m=tn

lOOF. is

from

al_plied

_:.--..;,tator

indicator

_nRtrument panel.

Cabin heat a thermistor

exchanger

dome t_m.erature Therm1_tor

tnstz_zentation resistance varies

consists inversely

of

type transducer.

proportional with temperature =_4 is part of a bridge input circuit to an _slifier in package C. The zero to three volt (full scale) output

from the _lifier lO0F.

is representative of a temperature range of _0 to

The output from the amplifler associated with the transdncer co_._utator and a coc_it tone will meter. be heard If excessive A_e by the astror_t alo_

is a_plied to the temperature with is

present, light.

an mzdio

a warning

Suit

heat

exchanger type with

aome temperature Therm_.tor and is part

4n-trmnentation resistance of a bridge

consists v_ries i_put

of

a thermistor proportional

transducer. temperature

inversely circuit to an

14-14

MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

amplifier s fr_ the

in package sm_lifier is

C.

The zero

to three of

volt

(full

scale) range

output of _0

representative

a temperature

to IO0F.

The output from the amplifier associated with the transIf excessive by the astro-

ducer is applied to the commutator and a cock,it meter. dome temperature is present, an audio tone will be heard

naut along with a warning light.

l_-e7.

_%CTION

CORTROLSYSTEM

Reaction control syste_ _natrumentation consists of monitors for aut_natic and ma_zml reaction control _pply hand control position. pressure and astronaut

High pressure 4n=trumentation is monitored on

the high level com_Atator while the low pressure is monitored on the indicator located on the main t n-trument panel.

Horizon horizon

scanner

t-,trmzentation and ignore system and roll fr_

monitors signals two for

for

the each

pitch of these

and roll outputs. scanni_ scantime orbital gyros only the

sc_,-er

outputs scarmer pitch

The horizon units ners to are provide

utilized reference launch O.05g applied (Refer

identical

4-frared The horizon at which

signals. re-entry but

on continuously_ are de-activated signals the

until relay, to

scanners phase the

by the are

duri_

the

reference fr_z

the ASCS attitude to Table 1_-1).

upon cc_mnd /_

pro_-._.r.

The signals The

that are a_plled to the gyros are monitored by I.-trumentatlon. pitch an_ roll signals range between + i0 volts d-c. _pplied to a biased attenuator card to provide a zero

These signals are to 2.68 volt out-

14-15

_NArmL4.

SEDR 104

put wl_.eh Is eoupXeclto sea.ate s_ls

_i,,m._ls

of .h.

commutator.

_le

represent an ou_A)utr.mse of + 35o. Oeeasltmmlly a 8emmet swee_a across _:e sun. W_ee the seminars

are infrared

d_rlees,

mmeptz_ of the sun tnta'oduees errc_ voltage. voltage,the sc_er s_n81 supp3.1es an :Lgnc_e

]prewm't u_.3.:Lza't:Lcu this of to the ASCS. _u

"isnore"

is m_ltore_L as an _-c/'f and roll sceOLe stsnsl scale level _nore _Zn,,:-

type of _tsnal by Instrumentation. sre applied to the e_...-,'.ator presence of the pitch l_ncze also.

Ptch _ A _

represents Indicates

slKnal an_ f._l

presence of the ro31 _nore

s:LKnal. Each :Knoze81Kn81 is montto:re_

mon:J.t_" spacecrai_pl_;ch_ roll 8_ yaw a4_;i_:_e8.Each a4_i_u_e 18 rea_ _ of a sy_.hro actuate41_mtl_net_r. s_ab_l_ by _ control. t3_ee _ _e s_.bros are _zlve_

by t3_e mzt_le _ent_-_te_

_-_Ita_imlfor _he popower 8_

rs is l_mlshe_

vol_ A-e _-_rmm_atlcn 8 _ttp_e

sut_l_ In the C psck_e.

SIKna_ voltage vsrles _ Plteh an4 roll

function vth spacecra._ att4tude. rause of +130o _o -190o. Each of the attitude ACter retrosrade

stsnals cover a

Ysv si_O=_s cover a tense o_ +70 to -_0o.

stKnsls is app3ed to channel: _ the c._._*_t_. _ett*son sy_os end _ of a O.O_s rel_

assmb_y

the potentim_ter-posltlonlnK

become lnoperat_Lve.

A_tt_Ae

rate

T__atlc_

ut_e_
14-16

signals

fro_ rate

_yros.

_e

gyros are part c_ the attitude

rate *n_Lea_n_

systeL

A zero to three

__NNIr._.

SEDR 104

volt signal

level represents

a race level of decreasi_ Pitch, roll oscill_s and _

40o per rates (Pitch lov

second o increasing are assisne_ Rate and Pitch so_mo_

_0o per senc_. vol_e

o Selm_te

ec_t_le4

lov solenoi_s

.l_) KC VC0, Roll Ra_e and Roll

.73 VCO and Ya Rate and Yaw 1or solenold_ .56 KC VCO)

i_-31. REACTIC_ COBOL

SYS_

SOTRWOIDS

:e zeactlcn canta'ol system soleno___@ control the thrust Jets used for Slmceers_ be enerized sized (_._ mmmal_ stabil_.attc_l in fl_. _ese solmaoids can

or sutc-.t_cal_.

When a solenoid

is enar-

solenol_s..ly), 2_ volts 8-c is applied through an

st_enuatorin package C to the c.-.-_._or. _4s on-ofT els_al Is presented to 4--trumentattcn ef_eult_ f_m the ASCS syste_

High pressure

maniT_r

c___ts

fur reactlan

c_1_rol

s_7

presof approx-

sures are bsslcally Ima_e1_

1_.DtlCal

in opez_tlc_.

A hel_-m

source

2_770 psl for _nt_--_Io

end appr_m-_e_7

2,830

psi for manual

Is utilized to expel b_dro_en peroxide _ peroxLde is ex_e_l_

hellt_ pressure

a bladder. As h_

the ccaflned volume of the helium increases and

A pres_ is potentlame_er exci1_ witch _hree senses vol_s 1_s f_ change _

decreases.

in pressure.

_he po_-,_e_

_,-trumentatlo_ power suppl_ located In both the A end C packe_es. Wiper ou%_ vol_e ls applied to the e.,._._atorad thro_ s an atten-

uator t;0 an. _ca_o_. of 2,770 psi

TTansducerrange is 600 "to 3,_00 pal. A pressure --_ 2_8_) psi for manual provides a readi_ of

for aut__attc

14-17

_MCDONNELL.

SEDR 104

10_ mately

on the 1,580

panel psi

indicator. for auto,tic

Hydrogen and 1,960

peroxide psi for

is

exhausted

at

a_proxipressure.

mamma hellm_

Indicator readix_ _t this pressure is s_proxlmately 0_.

Low pressure

is monitored on the low side of the re&_tlatorwith a tr=_-dncer range of _00 to 700 psi.

i_-33.

HARD CORTROL Astronaut hand control position is monitored by three potentiometers. The wipers of these potentiometers are driven by linkage to the hand control. Three volts from the _--trumentation power supply located in the C volt sig-

package is utilized to excite the potentiomaeters. Zero to T_ee

nal level represents + 13 hand control movement in the roll and pitch planes and + i0O movement in the yaw plane. mutator. Wiper output is _pplie_ to the com-

SPACECRA
An acceler_neter 4nRtslled in package C pi_1de zero to three volt d-c outputs proportional to acceleration along the l_ngitu_4-=1 (Nz) axis of the spacecraft. provid_ a range to three The acceleraneter output is linear with a zero acceleration The longitu_4_1 to to three the volt _,tator. axis aceeler_neter covers signals. These zero

a 1.5 volt d-c signal. of + 30g to volt signals provide are zero applied

output

1-35..r
High level of monitor

STeUCTUmL
c_mAtated for structural the ablation te_erature shield. 4n-trumentation consists

circuits

14-18

_ONNI[LL

SEDR 104

14-36. /_

ABLATIO_ _m_n

_TU_S through the teleinner frcm face of the -55 to 2,000F.

_he ablation shield "temperaturesare m_/tored metry sys_m. -h_eld. _e Two _ransducers transducers have are embedded a t_aperature in the ranse

with a ...I.AI resistance of I00 ohms at 70oF.

Input power of 7 V d-c

_O0 cps applied 1;othe 1_ransdnnersis a%_en,,-ted1;oa value dependent upon the porti_l_y an amplifier to a zero to transducer with resistance. _rature Transducer and is A where part resisSmnce varies input proto

of a bridge is

circuit

in package 3 V _-c

_h_ voltage

converted telemetry

and smplifie_ c_,.-,,_tatur.

signal

and applie_

to the

1_-37. /

LOWLEVEL CO_UTA_ Temperatures with reference

STRU_

__RES on the low level in the c.mB_._ta_r first use tJ_mocouples disconnect.

monitored Junctic_

thermistors

available

Attenuator olrmllts if needed are local;e(1 the low level cnm-,1;ator. in Refer to Figures iI_-Ian_ 11_-. 3

Various structural temperatures are monitored by the astronaut through iudcat_r ducer is _ part the use loca_e_ of _rature _ the _leetur main _n-_n_ent inversely elreu.it switches panel. _d a temperature transand

_-_tsto_ wth

resistance

varies :t-_ut

proportional

temperature

of a bridge

t;o an ea_l.tie_

in package A where

the voltage s converted --d m_n_ele_l tO a zero _o i00 mlero-_mp signal an_ sppled _o 1;hel_e_al_re indicator. (Refer to Figure iI_-I_).

14-19

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

FULLSCALE REFERENCE 15 MV INPUT) (+ ZEROREFERENCE MV INPUT) {-5

FROM J[.._ INTERNAL SOURCE

CONICAL SECTIONSHINGLE,ATHEATSHIELD CONICAL SECTIONSHINGLEAT HEATSHIELD CONICAL SECTIONSHINGLEAT HEATSHIELD CONICAL SECTIONSHINGLE AT HEATSHIELD THERMISTOR REFERENCE PLUG1851A AT THERMISTOR REFERENCE PLUG 848 CT AT

Zll1.5, LX, BY 4.3 Z109.1 RX, TY 2 Z108, RX2, BY Zlll .3, LX2 TY

TC"I TC"3 TC"2 TC"4

(_ (__ (_[ (__ GB34P91 _ SPARE SPARE 45-79012-123 J J _ _ (_ _) C_ C_

(DIFF,) 1800F 180_'F 1800F 1800eF (DIFF) 50"150F 50-150F

(LARGEPRESS.BLK'HU.DISC.) (SMALLPRESS. LK'HD. DISC.) E

CONICAL SECTIONSHINGLE CONICAL SECTIONSHINGLE

ZI48, LX, BY2 Z154, IX, BY2

TC"5 TC"6

(__ (__ C_

180(_F (DIFF.)1800OF

CONICALSEaloN SHINGLE
CONICAL SECTIONSHINGLE CYLINDRicAL SECTIONSHINGLE CYLINDRiCALSECTIONSHINGLE CYLINDRICALSECTIONSHINGLE

z154, BY _,
ZI57, RX2, TY ZI78, IX, BY2 ZI78, P.X, TY2 ZI78, RX2, BY

TC'7 (__
TC"9 (__ (_) TC'10 TC"12 TC"II (__ __ (_J_-'_'_ [ _

laOOOF
18000F (DIFF) 6O0_F (DIFF) 6{]0F 6D0F

CYUNDRICALS_,ON SH'NGLE
INLET B NUT, AUTO.YAW LEFT SOLENOID INLET g NUT, AUTO. PITCHUP SOLENOID INLETRNUT, AUTO. YAW RIGHTSOLENOID INLET g NUT, AUTO. PITCH,DOWNSOLENOID

Zl_,_, TY
Z173, RX, TY1.5 ZI73, RXI.S, BY Z173, IXr BYI.5 Z173, IX1.5 TY

TC"'3 (__
TC"19 TC"20 TC'21 TC"22 _ (_ (_) (__ SPARE SPARE 45-79012-65 45-79012-65

(!D
(_) (_) (_) _ i _ , _ (_) (_ (_ (_

600"F(D'FE)
250F MAXIMUM 250F MAXIMUM 250F MAXIMUM 250"FMAXIMUM

THERMISTOR REFERSqCE PLUG3(]04. AT

(ANTENNA FAIRING DISC.)

20-15_'E

CONICAL SECTION SHINGLE

MAN. LOW ROLLCCW THRUSTER i

ZI_.S, _, TY2
Z115, RX, RYI .I

TC"R (_)_
TC"15 TC"16 TC"17 TC"18 TC"14 TC"23 TC"24 TC"25 (_)_ (__ (_)_ (_ (_ (__ (__ _ 45--79012-121 45-79012-15 _ _ _ _

AT{_ff_--J
_

(_)
(_ (_

IS_F MAXIMUM
1500"FMAXIMUM 18(]OF MAXIMUM 1500FMAXIMUM 180_F MAXIMUM 2000FMAXIMUM 2[X)0*FMAXIMUM 2000F MAXIMUM 2000F MAXtMUM

SHINGLE OVERMAN. LOWROLLCCW THRUSTER Z110, RX, BY2 ' AUTO. LOWROLLCWTHRUSTER "ZI14, IX, BY2.5

(_ (_ (_) (_

SHINGLEOVER AUTO LOW ROLL CW THRUSTER ZI11.5, LX, BY2 ANTENNA CANISTER ANTENNA CANISTER ANTENNA CANISTER ANTENNA CANISTER Z202, LX2, I'Y Z21_r RX2, BY Z2(_, LX, BY2 7200, RX, TY2

_ _

(_) (_

TESTSWITCH TO 45-88243-19 VCO _I _ TEMP. SURVEY TO TRACK4, TAPERECORDER ]

NORM I PAM HIGH LEVEL O TEST PAM PDM DIFI" I i

NOTES

REFERENCE JUNCTION, CH. 5 (1851A) JUNCTION, 6 (848 CT)

(_,_) REFERENCE JUNCTION, CH. 19 (30GA) CR-CN ARE45-79012-65,-87 CR-ALARE 45.-79012-15,-121,-123 ONLY END T.C. ASS;YS SHOWN

LOW LEVEL COMMUTATORKEYER-RECORD AMPLIFIER 45-88128-301

FM18-141

Figure

14-3

Low Level

Commutated

Structural

Temperatures

14-20

"M_'DDONNELL

SEDR 104

i
I

I
I

NEIWORK BRIDGE

_jI I

1 J J

TEMPERATURE INDICATOR

' __1

COMMON

I
1 i

:
DOWN :

_LL

'o
0
4

_, &""

_)_'_
>INVERTER TEMP
MAIN 15OVA

I
I

I
1A. A.Metered Structural Temperatures

@"
150 VA FM1_142

Figure

14-21

_MO_NNliLL

SEDR 104.

Aercmedical caz_1_gra3)h sure. (_)_

instruaentation respiration

consists si_lsp

of monitor bo_

circuits

for

electropres-

temperature

and blood

The blood pulse (5) arm. cuff sensor, a controller

pressure (3)

syst_n

consists

of

(1) (_)

an occluding pressure attached pressure in the

cuff 3 (2) source3 to the and

differential system. which

trans&Acer, cuff

The occludi_ measures cabin the

is

astronaut's the system. the suffi-

A transdneer and the

at_ferential is located

_etween controller t,-ide

spacecraft is a _

pressure

The pulse suit. cient mission, the pressure

sensor

tra_-d_cer is a separate

(microphone) oxygen bottle

attached

_he pressure ox_en

source the

containing

to provide

desired the

_ercmedieal astronaut's

t-_ora_tion blood pressure, is

&Aring the COnverts then applied oscil_ator also recorded

ql'he system

measures

to a corresponding pressure by the recorder. pressure switch seconds pressure off at syatea relay telemetry

electrical to the 2.3

signal K_ voltage

which

through

a blood

controlled signal is

and traus_tted on the tepe

tra-_ttter.

This

The blood ac_,_ti_ d-e pulse psi the onds.

may be put instrument causes

Into

operation

by the

astronaut a 2_ V to _._

a STA_ of five

on the

panel. the

Upon actuation, system to pressurize After

&,_ation, fr_n

differential syste_ bleeds

the pressure rate to

source. 0.75 psi

pressurizing, 22 sec-

a linear

in approximately

The output signal fr_n the pulse sensor is routed throush the pressure

14-22

suit
/

disconnect

,=a _4 m-_er. _hts to

with

the

differential s_ml

pressure _s rou_e_

signal

in a a relay to is

s_per_postns and relay the

combined

thro_h

contacts

a 2.3

KC VCO local1 Direct_ng the

in D package, signal through +_ _D

an_ then the st_ls. pressure relay

telemetry

tran_ttter. share

necessary _e a _ blip

in m__er to first peak sppearance _T.li_,,0e

the

S. 3 KC VCO with Indicates the with is

of T_e bl/p of

systolc last

wl_h

150 mv while pressure pressure the

oeeurence peak

of the mz_l.ttude

s_4paal in_ea_es _e _-_--_

dastolic pulse of the

a m_.4,.,_ peak. r_-in 4-1tiered

of 150 my.

1 volt will

Upon eomplett_ _/4 psi pressure). if _ panel

cyele_

system

at rest by t_e timer

(below

Each measurement not use the

is men,,-lly

astn_mut_ rim out on the

he does

STOP buttcn_ onnw_nce

a !__n second to measure _.

will

will

$_l_n au$_-tleal.1_y when the

A lght

indicates

system

is

opera___.

Electrocardiograph attached to the astr_aut's

signals

ere right

obtaine_ end left

from four side_ and _ are to _

transducers the upper ana

,lower chest. fiefs

_he

outputs (left

fr_

the

transducers slde paired Signals

applied c_e

to two _pland Upper are which

in D paoka_ chest

an_ rtgh% _o the other).

amplifier _plifters osclliat_r,

and lower t_en /_

pair_l

the

diree_d appl_ s_nals

_o a 2.3 KC and 1.7 KC volts_e controlled their outputs to the tel_try tr-n--_ter.

in turn _put

The 2.3 KC VCO and bloo_ pressure

are divided between the as_ronau_'s _D

outputs.

14-23

_mmlLJ.

SEDR 104

The _t_ts system. chest. the Two _

breath4_ type probes

rate is momitore_ t_ are attached senses breathes. output volt_e amplifier. A potenttcmeter to the sides

The tel_etry of the change astronauts between a 50 varies sigpneumo-

An impedance as the

pneumo_q_h astronmat

a capacitance This signal

two probes wave.

mo_,lates pneumogr_ph

_C carrier the nal graph bias is

The changing

of the

of a trausistor then s_plted to

in an in-line a 1.3 _C VC0. for

The a_lifler in the

provides

an adjustment

sensitivity.

14-_3. ASTRONAUT BODY Tm_ERATU_

Bod_ t_erature is sensed by a rectal temperature probe. The probe

is a thermistor element which is utilized as one leg of a bridge circuit, which forms the input to a d-c smplifier. spplied to the telemetry c_tator. a temperature range of 95 to 108F. by either _ command or the The output of the 8mplifier is

The zero to 3 V d-c output represents The s=plifier is R and Z calibrated

progre_aer.

-,_-_.

_
North1 for tower

s_
launch release, fire on-off

_v_..L __,__,,J_
sequence spacecraft and retrograde type functions 4--trtmentation sepa_tion_ rocket and each consists retro_ade assembly is Jettison. to the of monitor attitude These c_utator. circuits command, si_ls

retrograde are ,11

applied

The satellite signals These representative potenti_eters

clock

utilizes of elapsed

potenti_eters time with fr_n three

to provide I_Auch volts

electrical time.

and retrograde fr_ the

are

excited

instr_entation

14-24

___m/.g.

SEDR 104

power of time

supply are

located divided

within in signals

the

A package. representative 0 to 1 hour,

The of

outputs 0 to 10

for

each

type 0

seconds,

1;O 1 m4nute, hours. Wiper

O to iO mlnutes_ output span.

O to iO hours

and 0 to 60

iS lnearly Wiper

proportio--1 are e_plled

frcl zero to _h_eee volts to the co._,_tator. TIME Instruof retrohas been

for each time mentation grade. in motion.

outputs TIME

monitors Elapsed Prior _eviees time time

ELAPSED

from LAUNCH is the

and also EVENT time zero.

from launch liftoff, will are

lengthof
time will time. be

spacecraft

to also

el_sed indicate d_ectly for

Instrumentation signals As for time imby then

recording el_sed creases_ clock

zero

Output to elapsed Output time.

therefore output

proportional exemple,

so will

voltage;

time

recorded IrI'll

is i0 hearts, 5 m_w, tes end i0 seconds.

signals

be as shown below: S.aq'W'.T.T_ CLOCK OUTPUTS FOR 10 HOURS, 5 MDmTES, 10 SEC'0_q_, _ LAUNCH TIME POTERTICM_TERS SIGNAL

O 0

60 Hours 10 Hours

21.26_ O_

.638 Volts 0 Volts

o - 1 Hour
0 0 O f i0 Minutes 1 M4m, te iO Seconds ttme has of retrograde been set, is

O_
55.3_ 21.3_ O_ preset prior w_l Event to llft ofT. this retrograde

o Volts
1.66 Volts

.638 Volts O Volts After time rotrosi_! can be

Event t_me cent_n-ously

t--trmnentatton the m_ssion.

recelve time of

throu_out

14-25

_MCDONNELL

SEDR 104

cha_ed ground

at

a_y time

during

the

mission time

by either is changed also.

the

astronaut the

or by mission,

c_,_-4.

When retrograde

dnring Si_1

_n-tr_mentation w_11 receive this cha_e is proportio_ to c n_enee at to retrograde time. 20 hours, 10 m_m,tes

output voltage

For e_le, and lO seconds,

if retrograde is set _n-trumentation will

be receiv4_

the

signal voltage outputs as shown belov: _ OUTPUTS FOR RETR0-FXF_ AT 20 HOURS, i0 MI_ AHD lO S_ FOTm_fXC_RS SI_

SA_.T._

TD_

_za__s
0 - 60 Hours
0 10 Hours

_A_. _ _
_0.4%
0%

VOL_S
1.213 Volts
0 Volts

o - i Hour
0 0 0 10 M_m,tes 1 Minute i0 Seconds

21.3%
0% 91.3% 0%

.638 Volt.
0 Volts .638 Volts 0 Volts

l_-46.TOWEa S_AaATTO_
When the tower separates from the spaceoraft, the No. 3 tower separate sensor rela_ de-energizes and e_plies 2.4 + 0.3 volts d-c to the c_._._,tator.

This signal is present for the remainder of the mission.

14-47.SPAC_

_Ae_Im

When the spacecraft separates from the booster, a limit switch closes and causes the No. i spacecraft separation sensor relay to energize. this rela_ is energized a 2.4 + 0.3 volt d-c signal is applied to the tator. This relay r_.-1-s energized for the _r of the mission. While c;-..-,._-

14-26

__NNmie.

SEDR 104

14-48.

_0mU_E _he rel_osrede

A_ ret_ade clock attitude runs out. e_ signal nc__-l_y occurs by ground vhen the

Xt may also

be caused

co_n_

or by operation of a _ypass swlteh on the instrument panel. signal r_ma_s sc_ed present until the _etrogrede rocket asse_ly 90 seconds). Signal level is appro_:tel_ is Jettl2.4

(spproximste_

+ 0.3 volts. mand rel_ to the

N_,_J.ly open contacts of the retrograde attitude comrel_ bo_ No. 2 closes to route the signal

in retrograde

c_.._..dtator.

During ground ststicn timing

e mission

t the

spacecraft

may be fire. fire

out

of range To provide

of a monitc_ing the grcuna state

station vith device s_

dm_Ang retrograde idea

rocket

when retro-rocket Upon closure

took

place,

a solid

is

provided.

of the

No. 2 retro-rocket Outputs 10

u_nAtor relay_ a ste_ for each type secollcls,

signal is appled tO the timing device. signals

o time are divided into 0 to lO mt-uteS,

representative of 0 to

0 tO i ,R_-_te,

and 0 tO 1 hour.

Xns_w_tation

will contlnnous_ pact.

monlto_ these

time slgnals until i0 -_-utes after im-

_e retrograde rocket fire occurs /-_ first runout fire if occurs the thirty secc_ls interlock after is

at five second interval=. receptic_ closed of retrograde ASCS.

_he clock

retrogrede

in the

14-27

__Na,m

,L

SEDR 104

_he retrograde after routed bl_ is is the feet. n_11y the _nitia_ion

rocket

assembl_

Jettison fire of the _

s_nsl signal

occurs _e

60 seec_1_ signal rocket _-!s is assemrelay assembly until

of the

retrograde

through

ncrssl_ sensor by limit

open ecntaets relay switches the out. of

retrograde box

separation energiz_l blastea O.05g )

in retrograde _eh close _e

No. 1. retrograde

when the relay

away fr_ relay drops signal eon*.aets

spacecraft. (_e

r_a_ns

energize_ at 10,000 is applied

O.OSg relay 2._ to

de-ener_zes volts

A a-e open

appr_-tely of +_s refer

+ 0.3

Through

the

.-.-m,tator.

Emergenny

escape sequence 4-_-trumentatlonconsists of m_2day abc_t

end _cwer escape rocket fire signal momi_ars.

14-52.

MAYDAY _e Msyday signal is produced by the me_tsy alarm re_. _s relay

is energized by any abort si_pael. With __e relay volts d-e is applle_ to the e_fcatc_.

energzed, _

2._ _+0.3 signal

Once _-_late_,

is present for the remainder of the _4eslcm. in launch and orbit relY7 box No. _.

_he m-ydey alarm relay is

1_-_3.

AS_0_'S

ABC_

_r_TCH is provided to monitor T_is an abort is signal applie_ _l_t_ to T_e e_.--_,-

Instnmentation fr_ tarot. the astronaut's

ABOP_ Handle;

signal

14-28

The tower escape rocket signal is obtained from the emergency escape rocket fire rels_ in isnnch and orbit relay box No. 2. rel_v rm_._.= ene_gized until orbit attitude is atts_ned. This

Landing chute deploy

system

instrmaentation and release

consists of the

of monitor antenna

circuits fairing.

for These

and Jettison

signals are _ppro_watel_ tator. switches these

2._ + 0.3 volts and are s_plied to the co_-

Main and reserve chute deploy signals are obtained fr_n toggle in the switches chute c_artment. chutes Lanyards deploy. fr_ the chute chutes Jettison operate signal

when the

The main

is obtained _h','OU_ a limit switch in the chute o;.,,_.a_:_-ent. antenna The falr_ release signal comes fr_n the antemna fair_ separation relay

in the co_-,,_mie_,tions relay _ox. limit switch. _I

This relay is energized through a on until impact.

landing system signals r_Ain

zb,..56, o.o:50 J,x

-_trumentation signal which indicates of O.05g whether relay the operation relay is consists energized O.05g a d-e of an on-off type

or de-energized. sensor signal or _y the is applied

The relay eozzz_d to

f

,my be energized reeeiver. When the

by operation relay is

of the energized,

the

e_tator.

14-29

_MO_NNELL

SEDR 104

Drogue e_ute 0_p_t

controlled the antenna by the drogue

is monitored a 2.4+ 0.3voltslg._1 by

chute sensor, an_ is +-_ough applie_ to a set the of cc_tac_s cn

separatio_

relay

c_-tator.

1_-58.

LA_n_ _S
he I,._ to the c_ator bag opera, on is mmLitc_ed by a voltage signal 8ppl_ed two sets of tmloek signal 11m_t switches.

+._-_ugh

1_-59.

IN_ATIOU

CO_ROL SYST_

14-60.

HIGH LEVEL CODI_ The signals seconds. C_or applied to the e----,tator are sampled once every 0.80

outputs are square wave pulses with m_D.litudebe_hese pulses are applied tO voltage controlled modulatlc_ converters. volte_e controlled o_-_.tated oscillator pulse is _pltude 12. varied sigThe

%_een -i and +3 volts.

oscillators and pulse durati_ (a) _e frequencies of the

between nals.

10.5 K_ + 6-3/4% by the _hls fre_,_encyb-_

oorrespona- to

IRIG _---_I

frequency modulated outputs of the i0._ KC voltage cun_rolled oscillator (b) _>._.._._atc_ tO a p-_-_ is p.l_ applied to an isolation ampl_er.

mpl_tude

modulatic_ signals are also apple_ coD_ex_r. _le _onvel_ re-

dt_ration

mo_-ln_;i_l

shapes the pulse emplltuae wave-shapes _o obtn_- pulse duratio_ wave _ralns. corder. _ese wave trains are then applied to the _ape re-

14-30

_ONNELL

SEDR

104

(c) /

Amplifier and 2.3 sl_al frequency 6 and 7. flat.

aercmedical KC voltage

signals controlled

are

coupled

to

a 1.3 A zero

KC, L7 to i_,11

KC scale 9he 51

oscillators.

causes a a_rlatlml in center frequency of + 6-3/4%. ban_of the oscillators correspond tO ]:RIG_--_is

_he oscillator outputs are applied to an solatlcn ampli-

(d)

AttenuaTed

ASCS rate

signals controlled

are

coupled

to a ._0 KC, .56 KC A zero to i_,11 scale _e

an_ .73 KC voltage si_p_l frequency causes bands

oscillator. frequency

a deviation of the

in center oscillators

of + 6-3/4%. to IRIG _A--els

cow,respond

i_ 2 and 3. -_,_er. (e) _e ere the data

_he oscillator otttputsare applied to the isolation

c.....;.,_ outputs, aer_cal !tatea cmm_ined. e_ --I_anting _ _he IsO]atl_ oscillator indicate amplifier

slgnals and ASCS rate sl_lals al-o aeeepts a si_l from

Which serves

as a reference durl_ _e to the

evaluation to signal

fluctuations in tape speed. Isolation test amplifier is applied

composite tape

from the the ground

reeorder_

,-._illcal and telemetry

transmitter.

COD SO
_he seconds. tween st_ applied to +-_- e,-,;_._-tstor are ere sampled once every 0.30 amplitude a 10.5 be-

C,_,.-_.._,ator outputs -5 my and 15 my. oscillator _ese

aq,,_-re wave p,l-es are applied

with to

PAM p-l-as of the

KC voltage Switch to

controlled

upon closure

Temperature

Survey

14-31

_NNm/.L

SEDR 104

q_STj and also to a pulse reeordi_. obtain _ a l_lae converter duration

_uraton reshapes

mo_ulaton converter the pulse _aile _Tltu&e

for _ape _ave to sys-

wave train.

the nstrumentatc_ S_vu_ - S_ttch _o _T)_

tem is in the low l_v_l h_h level c.._,_ated

mo__e (Temperature inputs are _

from the 10.5 KC V00.

i62. usslo
Ground _esting vl_ed +_ough an_ control of the _nstrmnen_a_ion NmEadiating systez Is pro-

1;he _iliQal

receptacle.

checks can be

performed to ev-l-ate systez opemtlc_. fm_ed through the telemetry regarding _.

Radiatlng checks are perXII for further

Refer to Section

infc0_ation

_elemetry.

1_-63.

I_S_SM_TATION C0_0L _e instr_entat_on syste_ controls an_ _s (see Table 11_1)

power tO Its sn_ pro_er.

own mad other

sysT_ns equ_ne_t

by mee_s of tootle relays

(See Fi_tre i_-5). control _st_ is A!-o

(a) _e va%er extractorin the envlr_n_l prc6r_._l (I)) Calibration calibrate at regular

Int_v-_- dm_n_ the =tsson. read:i_s per_odcal_ end Z_o

volta_es_R-callbratefur _-_ for _-_ read:t_s_ are supple_ circu_ts.

c_-._

the monitori_
tO Isam_h

_m_tatton

_s

s done prior
at In_er_-1-

s_l by _rcamd

or pro6x _..._

_urlng orbi_

14-32

_ _O_NNml_t.

SEDR 104.

14-6_.

INSTRI_IERTATIONRECORDING (See Figure i_-5) Recordi_ able --trumentation consists of a tape recorder and a port-

16 m_lllmeter camera.

14-65.

TAPE RECO_ A lOW power, data recording. ation modulation lightweight tape recorder provides seven channels for

Voice co.=_ni_ations, high level c_tator sig--1Low level and VC0's co, rotator VC0's fran and fr_ tape are e_plied to tracks signals 2. to 3,

pulse _,_5 and 6, are applied

respectively. to track recorder separation minutes. utes scale with _.

pulse are

duration

Stick

position contimaously

recorded

on track separation

The _pe spacecraft plus 10

operates plus During a total

umbilical TR-30 is

five orbit,

minutes the

seconds

to impact every zero

recorder every is

on 1 minute allowed with for

10 minand full

of 30 seconds The astronaut

1 hour provided

calibration.

a CONTINUOUS- OFF as

PROGRAMMED switch on the _,_in i_trmzent well as _utc_tic

p_nel which allows ._ml

control of the tape recorder.

A VOX switch located

on the main instrument panel when placed to RECORD will allow the astronauts cated conversation on the center to be recorded. of the the main astron_t A record_-_ 4--trt_ent may record panel voice indicator when the at these light recorder times if is lois he

operating desires.

so that

A l_ht astronauts of 6 frames

weight use per &ar_

portable the

16 millimeter mission. Dur_-_ The non use, 14-33

cmnera camera the

is provided operates is at

for

the speed with

a single along

second.

camera

stowed

_M_DONNELL

SEDR 104
i

i+ p 0 M'

_g _o.

14-34

"4' .;CDONNELL

SEDR 104

_Aw_ OUT RECORDER

LA

INSTRUMENTATION RECORD NO. 2

INSTRUMENTATION & COMMUNICATIONS RELAY PANEL

TIMER HATCH DISCONNECT

CAMERA AND TAPE RECORD RELAY

ER

24V

_ TJkPEON-OFF SWITCH TAPE RECORDER ON-LIGHT GROUND C_MERA TEST AND _ UMBILICAL CONNECTOR OPERATION _'_ AND RF SILENCE RELAY MODE 4, I _ v

=-_. n : _

. "- TO RETRO COMMAND RELAy NO. 2

,_

PROGRAMMED _Hc I_ll

TAPE RECORD SW.

g VOX RECORD CONTROL

"_ 1 v I ,

(REMOVABLE SECTION) WARNING LIGHTS

bWBILICAL RELAy GROUND TEST

TC _

I"-"

INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL PANEL

m m m

I--_-PRE-RETRO RECORD RELAY

MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL

m m i FM18-99 A

Figure 14-5 Tape Recorder ControlCircuit 14-35

__NAIrit.Z.

SEDR I04

6 magazines of f_Im (each magazine cont_n_

approximately 120 ft. of f_1_)

in the perso-al effects container on the main In_trument panel.

3._.-67. srm, um_s m

1_.-_.
Potenticmeter type tr=-=dncers are connected across Instrumentation 3 volt 8-c power. The wiper is activated by the action to be measured.

Wiper voltage is then proportional to the action.

i_-69.

COI_OL

STXCK MOTXON POTEHTXOMETERS

Control stick motion is translated into rotary potentiometer movement. One potenti_eter is provided for each axis of motion.

z_-T0._

CLOCK z_m_m_s _
The satellite clock (refer to Section XXXX) utilized potentiometers

to indicate ele_sed time from launch and time to retroKr&de outputs for 0-IO seconds, O-i minute_ O-IO minutes, O-i hour, O-lO hours and 0-60 hours.

I_-TI._mALAWD_C
Heli_ _ly

SUPPLY Hm_Im m_mBz

P0_zm_cHmzRs
_ potenti_eter trans-

pressures actuate the wiper of

@Acer to a resistance position proportlonal to the pressure.

x_-Tz. A_

POmm_XSBmERS
The ASCS calibrator (refer to Section V) provides synchro actuation

of potenticmeters for pitch_ roll and ya_r. proportional to the spacecraft attitude for

Each wiper output is then that axis.

14-36

_M_L_.

SEDR 104

Eaeh oz_m A low reslstsnee a higher voltage

_o%_le pressure 14-ear element

a_uates

a dual potentloaetez operate fc_ a panel

%r_r. indicator while

is used to ls used

resistance c_tputs

11near

element

lnstawmentattc_. pressure.

Wiper

are propcrtlcaal

to applled

oz_en

S TIC P SSm
Each pressure

AND
_ansducer ls

TZOmmRS
used to provide a folded linear output

propo:tlcaal to the applled pressure. for static

Pressure ranges are 0-15 psla

pressure an_ 0-15 psla for suit pressure.

i_-_.

RESPIRATICR RATE PICZDPS Resptratlc_ steel ra_ is sensed by "two, one-half are _11 the Inch o_,-_e stainless ae_l 4._L

wlze screens. to the suit

_hese

electrodes body. c_mplete

a_.ae.hed

wlth irlree

sllve_

a4hestve astronauts

as_uts _tsccnnec_

connecting clrcult.

leadl:_ to "the

i_-I_.

RESISTANCE w_T Resistance of the the element e_s

_a_S_UC_RS are used prOportionall_ oD _ appltcatio_. ,_ts. "tO measure to its _zpera%_tres. t_T.erature. surface _he resistance Mountl_ tw_erature as an of

varles

el_nt are part

depeD_ _.1_

Stick-on Other _

elements integral p_

l_htwet_ht

eleme_s followl_

are mounte_ list

of "the spaceeref_

struc_m_e.

tadlcates

the purpose and _ma_e transducer.

temperature an_ resistance ran6es for each

14-37

_MCDONNffLL

SEDR 104

(a) (b) (c)

Ablation Suit

Heat

Shield

Temperature:

-55 to 35 to

SO00F IO0F -249 to 300 Oh,.R

Tn_et

Temperature:

Cabin Air Temperature:

_0 to 200F -232 to 316 ohm.

1_-77. Bo_ _

T_m_r_

The body temperature transdncer is a rectal t_nperature pickup which consists flexible of a thermistor wire lead. imbedded in sealing c_md at the end of a

lb,-78. _-C _
The shunt plies voltage

mUST
resistance for used for the 4n-trument shunt is panel _eter also sup-

instrumentation.

This

discussed

in Section

XX of this mamm]..

1_-79. EL_TROCAR_0GRA_ PICKUPS

Cardiac steel wire activity screens. is sensed by four, one-half are attached inch with square, adhesive sta_nl=ess to the These electrodes

emtronaut's body,

.c_,=11 connectln8 wires leading to the astronaut's suit

disconnect, complete the circuit.

z_.-8o, ox_m PAm'XAL _

The 02 Partial Pressure trausdhacers are used to oonvert 02 partial The voltage

presuures to a sl_nA1 coupatible with high level telemetry.

range of 0-3 V f-c output is representative of 0-6 psi oxygen partial pressure.

14-81. _U_ _CO_

A low power, l_hCwe_sht mak-e available 7 channels tape recorder is used in the spacecraft to data. 14-38 At the present time channel

of recorded

"_Mo_mmz.I.

$EDR 104

asei_mnents _

are

as fol_s:

Track

3,

voice

e_uications;

Track

5,

e_e_,tator PIM; Track 6_ "qUO' Trace 4, 10W level c--m,tator PI_ t S_ Track 2, stick position VCO's. Tape speed is 1-7/8 Ips. base tape. Tape capacity

is 6,250 feet of _ inch wide _lar

The tape transport conA d-e

sists of a capstan _Lrive,supply reel and take-up reel mechanism. motor is used, through reduction gearing, for capstan drive. switch Record is provld_l _lifiers to inte_pt are incorporated recorder in power the unit should for the tape 2,

A limit break. 3 and 6.

Channels

ChA_nel 5 is fe_ by an _lifier in instrumentation package A.

ineerporlted in the _-,,,,tatorlocated C_I _ is fed by an _lifier incorpo-

rated in the low level e_-.-...,tator.

l.-82,

z:z , 'mawm o
The C package

c
incorporates units of various functions into one compact

panel allowing co_venlenee of mounting and of maki_ These various sub-units are discussed in the following

electrical connections. paragraphs.

1_-83.

CABIN PRESSURE _ Cabin located across the pressure actuates the Three Wiper wiper volts output of a 10,000 d-e from ohm potenttsmeter the is C pack_e then is s_plied to

in the the

C pankage.

potenticmeter.

volta_

proportio-=l

cabin pressure.

co,were
The _--trumentation package utilizes a unique method of construction and mounting of the transistorized empliflers, power supplies, attenuators and monitors. P_Ch unit consists of the necessary cce_onent parts mounted

14-39

_N_ar_.

SEDR 104

cn a prtnt_ at the bottoa the exeeptt_ a *.ht, layer protection,

ctrcult_

dielectric tn_rtion.

card wth prtn_ed connector _e

co_taets

far plug-in of ba_

card is then covered t with and side aounttns edges, wth

connector

contacts q_g coatl_

of epox_ resin, to insure

is used to provlde molsture and to imCards are packand

opel'at;J.on in a i00_ coq_e_n a_nosphere of e_ponents. side _hese Converter contact

prove mecba_4eal

xd_ldt_

age mounted t-bo_es In_nt_d elre_Lt

providing

ra1s_ base

receptacles

ln_zrcczmections.

Dc

m r Za
An _l_Ter located in the Z package is used to bring the cl-e current d-c. _ae _lXfier feeds the c_-

shunt voltage rotator.

up to a maximum of 3 volts Is trA--istortzed

_he mp]fier

and card mouute4.

]._.._,

]L_:b_L.q_(_[

_J_T.TRI_JL_O_ _ are mortared _

__qw_AT(]_

CARD of 2_ volt _-e volt-

Resl_tar8 ages

the card

for attemt_tlcn

to proportional_ol_es

cc_patlblewi_h _he e_-tator.

Reststors_ to attenuate receiver st_a_

capacitors reaction

and etreult

tsol_tln_

crystal

diodes are used volts_es_ e_-_ to

control

solenot_ w_e

ene_lztn_ l_or

strength

and emergency 02 rate

to application

the commutator. ls spplted to the

Each atten_atcz e_-_,_atc_.

elreuit O_%l_t_ a _=_

of 3 _OltS _-C_

14-40

"___J"_

SEDR104

_e

horiz_ roll

scanner

_pllfter

card provides

circuitry i_ore

for processin8 signals prior

the scA_er to being

an_ pitch

8:I.8_1s s 1"o].].artS.pitch Duri_

applied

to the en---.tator.

launch and orbit, the signals loca_.d

the scanners spplied on _ae to

are operating

continuously;

however_ during _'bit

the ASCS and "the e,.,.,._ator pedestal.

are timed by the progrm_er

_e

progrm_r

emlta1-- switch co.acts The progr_r panel.

which operate

control c_:u:l.ts

for specific

intervals.

is mounte_ forward near the center

of the main ins_nt

ae progrem_r useA for orbitalmissions consists of two sections. When power is applAed I;o the programmr_ c_tinuously operate the followA_ electronic cc_trol_d timers

ccQtacts:

C_EACTS CLOWn

i. Water extraction 2. F-_I Scale CaIAbrate 3. Zero Calib.

30 Secct_Ls 15 Seconds 15 See_ds 1 Minute

1 per 30 .rt--+_es i per 60 minutes 1 per 60 _,tes 1 per 10 m4-,r_es 1 per 30 -4-._es

_. Tape 5. Horizon Scanner

8.5 Minutes

14-41

_MCDONNliLL

SEDR 104

z -gz. BThe B Section receiver-decoders zero calibrate of the au_ the signal, prosr_mer electronic is energized +-__ouKh the full c.-_;._-,aza scale and

timers

to provide

as follows: CO.tOTS CLOSED

SECTION 1. 2. 31_,_ 1 Scale Zero Calibrate

DURATION 15 Seconds 15 Seconds 6 M_w,tes On Co_ud On Cc_mnd On C.--..,-_,_

Calibrate

Telemetry

14-92.

_i_m_)_ON The A _ackage panel. These

PA_ also

A incorporates are discussed units in of various the followi_ functions into one

sub-units

paragraphs.

I_-93.

CABI_ AIR TEMPERATURE TRARSIX;C_m_ A platinum resistance wire is used to measure cabin air temperature.

Temperature chan_es from 40 to 200F cause the element to change resistance from 236 to 316 oh-. amplifier circuit. The resistance element forms a part of an

A transducer is used in con_unctlon with an _.._li-

fier to supply signal to the cv,_tator.

A filament craft power to

transformer 6.3 volts for

is used use

to

step

down 115 volts A

400 cps

space-

in package

14-95.

COF_ERTER The ple for _--trumen_ation e_plifiers package A also utilises the Converter Card princi-

and power

supplies.

14-42

 CDONNIELL

SEDR 104

The same type and cabin dual a-c age o_--nel is

8mplifier

is used trsnsdneer to

for

heat

shield,

suit

inlet is

_tr of volts,

=4_ temperature desi_ from

signals.

Each amplifier two transducers. power supply.

in order the

acccmodate element

Seven This

supplied

resistance

volt-

is applied across a bridge circuit in each amplifier.

The trans-

ducer associated with each bridge circuit causes the voltage in the circuit to vary proportlonal ly to the transducer temperature. This

voltage change _ppears across a transfo_ner and is rectified, us_n_ crystal diodes, to a _ output of 3 volts d-c. The output from the

an_lifler is supplied to the com,,tator.

Two relays on each card e_pliCalibration

fier allow i_,_Iscale and zero calibration of each o_-_el. resistors are also provided for each channel.

Resis+_m_e element enplifier circuits require 7 volts, a-c.

S_ace-

craft power, 21_.volts d-c, is _pplied to a transistorized l_wer inverter. The i_verter, using zener diode-transistor voltage regulation and transistor switching, supplies a 7 volt a-c output which is monitored attenuator, rectifier circuit. by an

The monitor output, a mAw1._m 3 volts

d-e, is applied to the .-_..,tator.

_-_

A transistorized d-e e_plifier is used to increase the output of the temperature transducer to a maximum 3 volt d-c level prior to application to the eo_A1_tor. This amplifier is the seinet_pe as that used

for the d-e current sigDal a_llflcatiou.

14_3

_i_4_IOINELL.

SEDR 104

14-_.

SIGNAL COnDItION AND D-C SL_PLY CARD _4s system. Converter Filsment Card provides transformer four o_tput functions is applied in the to instrumentation circuit. 3 volt _-c

a monitor

h_s circuit attenuates and rectifies to provide a m._.. signal IndleaT_LngTzansfc_mer operation. d-c, is applie_ to an attenuator circuit

Spacecraft power_ 2_ volts _hich provides a 3 volt a-c

output for the monitoring circuit. to the c_--m_at(E as a monitor of _ s_nal condlti_

_h_s 3 volt output is then applied m.4_ 2_- volt d-c bus voltage. _le

an_ d-c power supply card also provides meter _ttemmtor flOW in the end seconclary panel indicator circuits. ox_p_n supply pressures, These an_

resistors which 11m_t current circuits the involve the primary

mau.,_-!uel supply f

pressures.

14-100.

_I_94UTATOR-_-RECORD

.q4FLIFrm_

A unit is provlde_ in the A packa@_ fur e--,-.,_atlngransducer data t and supplylz_ PDM and PAM ontputs. _he c..-,,;rtator portion of the unit

is a 90 x i_ solid state device which samples sequentlal_7, 88 channels. of signal modulated input information. _ae ontput Each 0 to produced 3 volts is a pulse maplitude

signal wave train.

(1-e input

to the c_--_,_,The PAM wave converter. _he a signal tape re-

tater is sampled train output is

i_ times per secoa_lper IRIG standards. fe_ throush a buffer to a record recorder stage to a P_FEM _hich

output is T_en applie_ capable corder. of directly drtvi_

amp14_ler heed

pro(luces spacecraft

the

in the

The PAM output is fed +._ce_h a gati_

circuit which introduces a

master pulse add negative pedestal pulses to operate autc_atlc dec_...-._tion

'_#_'L_LL

SEDR 104

equil_ent the unit eirc_%s.

in the

ground

statics.

A power e_t

s_p_

is vOltages

incorporated required

in in %he

%o provide

'the positiwe

negstve

1_-:_1.

IN--ON The pr4m-_y matic_ dueers craft t;o signals az_

PA_ i_ncticu capable

D of the D package _ is to c_vert spacecraft tr-,m_tter. %o c_lete inforT_-space-

of modulati_ cc_ta_

telemetry in "the package

mapl_t"iers

are .1.o

information

circuits.

_e

Z -_ s acceler_ter

is

mounted

in the

D paeke_e

an_ used,

to _he of

determ4-e -thesta%Ic lo_%udlnal, accelerometer --_t gi_es a d-c

aeceleratlcm of "thespacecraft. vhtch is applied to 3 channels

output

Two mplifiers f_er increases the

are

use_

for

the o_put

_ to

transducer

inputs.

Each a_lipeak s_al.

transducer

a 3 volt peak to

OSn.T
_he D package of lnst_me_tattc_ carrier oscillators. s_plies data. sub-carrier _he fo_ osc_l-tors paragraphs _o allow _escribe c_e +;_ ehe_nel sub-

1_-i_5.

CC_P_SATI_

O_._C_

CARD

Daring playback of a tape, the recorded signal from this osc_l_tcais mon.i_ca'e_l _e'tec,'t changes in tape recorder sr,cc:1.. "to A freq.ue_cy

1445

_NNE_.

SEDR 104

indicates

a chenge

in

speed.

_he

oscillator

is

of

module

c_-

structi_

and operates

at 3000 cps.

Output level

is adjustable.

1_-106.

VOLTAGE C0F_OT.T._ OSC_.T.A_C_(V.C.O.)

Instr_entation tors rude. vibrator below: caust_ osc_:ll_tor data voltages frequency oscillator _he osctllatc_ are shift

CARDS
applte_ to the sub-carrier to a free the input oscillaan_limultiare given

proportional of

The transistorized anA fllter.

consists functions

runuin6

and

frequencies

I. _gh

and (Lov Level co_._utatceest ,_y) t

- 10.5 KO VCO

and Blood Pressure 3. Upper Chest (Cnmm) BZD and Lower Chest

2.3 KC VCO

(+)_
_. Respiratlo_ Rate

- 1.7 vco xc
i. 3 KC VCO

_. 6.
7.

Solenoi_

F_/Uucti_

Detector

5.4 KC V_O .73 KC VCO

._0 KC VCO

ASCS Roll Rate _A Low Solenoi_

ASCS Pitch P_e and Low Solenoid

8. _s Yav_ate_ i_-_07. _ _eLnu_ CARD _

Spacecraft by _ sub-ca_ier outputs. power,

L_,Soleno*a Sm_L_
A-c, is ccnverte_ circuit to 6 volt

- .56KCVC0

2_, volts

_-c

for

use

oscillators. SollA state

A _t_ o_,__o_ts

e_r_lnes

+,he sub-ca._,_ier are con-

oscillator

for these

ctrcults

btned _

cae Converter

Car4.

14.-46

IifCDOAINELL

SEDR 104

+3V D-C SATELLITE CLOCK O STATICPRESSURE (ALTITUDE) SPACE CRAFT ATTITUDE(PITCH,ROLLYAW) PRIMAI_Y 2 SUPPLYPRESSURE 0 CONTROL STICKPOSITIONS(ROLL, PITCH YAW) e CABIN AIR PRESSURE O COMMON l ._.

SUllr INLETAIR TEMPERATURE

THESMOCOUPLE, y TH_MOCOUPLE,

LOW LEVEL COMM. CR J_"

co, .o.
2.4V BUS

COMMUTATOR POINTS (TYPICAL)

FM18-I(X)A

Figure 14-6 Typical Commutator 14-47

Signal Sources

__mz.z.

SEDR104

TAN_ 1_-2

IN_0N

(Xle(0TATORPOINT

(xIoa
PARAMETER _r_'fRICALPOWER SYSTEM Maln 24 V D.C. _ D.C. Csrrent ASCSA.O. _ Fans A.C. Bus 8ee_ XN_ATI(M Power _y POWER SUPI_._..q

o-3 vo s. )
_.

3_

33 19

3 V D.O. Reference 0 V (Zero)Reference 7 v, _0o C_S _ATIC PRESSURE C_7.7_RATION C_

1 2, 72 3

64

E_VIR_ Suit

C017_0L SYS._W Y-_t Pressure 8 9 7_ 10 Dome Temperat,e r 20 Ii 21 12 1_A.8

Pr4_-_'7 Pressure 02 Cabin Heat ExchangerGas Temperature Cabin T=_erature Cabin Heat _c_r

Suit Inlet Air T_.perature Suit Heat Exch_r Dume Temperature

Seeonaary02 Su_p_ Pressure

'__Nmm_[.

SEDR 104

,,,

,,

, ,

P_ Cabin Pressure Cabin 02 Partlal Prese_re _argency 02 Rate 82 6 68

SuAt C02 Partial Pressure REACTXON COJ_ROL STS_EM Reacti_ Control SUppI_

Reac_i_ Control Supply

Stick Control

Positi_s

Ro11 Yaw Pitch

23,

_8, 80

25, 50, 83 24, 8l

z A_, (_t_J_al)
_C'2URAL T_=_aiTRE

].6, 38, 61

Heat m_4elcl (Center)

75

I_at Shiela.(_ge)
A_QMEDICAL DATA

76

Bo_

Temperature

4 1.7 & 2.3 KC VCO

Respirati_

1.3 KC VCO

14_9

_NRMg.I.

SEDR 104

P_
.. , i i i

CHAlm_
i i

o.o_ _r.a
HC_TT_ON

87

Ro3.l _are _teh :_ore

8_ 85

_ltoh Outl_o

88

Plto_ (_scs) ao_ (Ascs) x_ (Asos)

_RA_ P''tr..h Rol.X Yav

1_ 17 18

.1,0 ice V(X) 73 _ VCO

. _6 KO VCO

a.P. Pi_ca _
H.P. P_.tch Dotm H.P. Roll + ILP. Roll. H.P. Yaw H.P. Yaw+

65

69 70 78 79

14-50

'__N_ir/.L.

SEDR 104

i,

PARAMETER

OB._ImL

10 _eon_s

28, 59

K_z_es z _ 3.0 Hours 60 Hours

30 3z

67

3.0 8eeo_s 1 Mlnute 10 PtXnu_s

_1

_3

60Hours

63

Towe_ Separation S_aeecra_ 9eparati_ Retz'o At_itmle Coe_. l_ro Rkt. Asoy. JeSt.

h6 _7 h8 53

:10 _eca1_

10 M_u_es 1Hou_
14-51

_2

__arLL

SEDR I04

P_ _,f. v_tase _,pse_

,i

_. _ _'_o _'7

_,,,,- s_

Rocket _

P1ot _q_or'_ MaWr D_" Escape Rocket _

71 60 49

I_'osue (_ute I)eploy Antenna Release Chute Dep]._ Reserve Chuteeploy D

5_. _5 _6 73

RetroFire No. 1 Re'_o _ No. 2

35 36 37

Retro FireNo.3 _m_ RE_NER S_4_._1tretCh S

14-52