Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CMBS trading volume remained low, and liquidity was somewhat constrained this week, as the market had very few bids, except for generic GG10 paper. We remain under the impression that investors prefer to stay on the side lines and are still unwilling to express a view on volatility at this point.
We had expected an emergence of a new trend, namely a sizable increase in ASER reimbursements to the bottom tranches as the liquidation volume started to pick up. This came to fruition as the three-month running average volume of ASER reimbursements hit its highest mark ever in the May remittance period at $10.5mn.
Appendix
Weekly new issuance.
12
PLEASE SEE ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS AND IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES STARTING AFTER PAGE 12
MARKET MONITOR
Groundhog Week
CMBS trading volume remained low, and liquidity was somewhat constrained this week, as the market had very few bids, except for generic GG10 paper. Even with the GG10s, although the intra-day trading recorded some fluctuations, the daily closing remained at the same level (+415) throughout the week. We remain under the impression that investors prefer to stay on the side lines, and although accounts have money to put to work, they are still unwilling to express a view on volatility at this point. An unclear direction for spreads, partially attributable to the further decline in fundamentals, is also contributing to the lower appetite (hopefully temporarily) in the sector. Even the broader market rally later in the week did not translate into the CMBS market. Apart from GG10s, there was some interest in more seasoned paper, particularly the last cash flow AAAs from 2001-03 vintages. On the new issue front, the A-1 (5.86y) and A-2 (9.64y) tranches of the new Freddie Mac K certificate $1bn deal (FHMS K007) priced yesterday at S+60 and S+80, respectively. Marketing of the deals unwrapped mezzanine pieces is anticipated next week. With the JP Morgan deal expected to price today and the CMSA conference coming next week, it is likely that the sector will regain its active mode later next week. For our focus article, concentrating on reimbursements of ASER-related interest shortfalls, please refer to page 3.
Views on a page
Comments Neutral on the basis We retain our neutral stance on the basis for now. We remain neutral on AMs and negative on most AJs and subordinate tranches using our current model variables and scenarios. We still prefer outright short positions in select CMBX tranches, such as A.3. Finally, we continue to focus on relative value or swap trades across and between CMBX series/classes: buy CMBX.A.4, sell CMBX.A.3; buy CMBX.AM.2, sell CMBX.AM.5. Recommendation Neutral on basis Sell A.3 outright Buy A.4, sell A.3 Buy AM.2, sell AM.5
Inv. grade
High yield
AAA currentpay
AAA lockedout
AAA SD
All AAA
AA
BBB
BB
3 11 1,012
5 13 1,011
-7 -40 2,940
14 17 727
12 19 816
10 32 872
12 19 800
-1 16 1,316
-12 8 1,557
-5 12 471
-9 13 517
-14 26 538
-31 10 925
-43 2 1,143
11 June 2010
CMBS
We anticipated an emergence of a new trend, namely a sizable increase in ASER reimbursements to the bottom tranches as the liquidation volume started to pick up. Our
Just as a reminder to our readers, servicers are typically required to continue advancing interest and principal only to the extent that they are deemed recoverable. If the servicer believes that the property value became impaired, often they would order a new appraisal that could be used to estimate an appraisal reduction amount. Typically, appraisal reduction amount is estimated as outstanding loan balance plus additional advances and expenses minus 90% of the new appraised value and minus funds available from the reserves, escrow and letter(s) of credit. 2 The acronym ASER stands for Appraisal Subordinate Entitlement Reduction. The term is typically used to define the difference between the full debt service payment (scheduled principal payment, if expected under the loan terms, and interest payment estimated at net coupon) and the amount that is actually advanced by the Master Servicer. While principal is typically advanced in full, interest payments are advanced only to the extent that is deemed recoverable.
1
11 June 2010
expectations came to fruition as the three-month running average volume of ASER reimbursements hit its highest mark ever in the May remittance period at $10.5mn (Figure 1). This means that for each of the prior three months, on average, investors in the bottom tranches of CMBS deals were reimbursed $10.5mn of interest that was accrued but not paid to them (shortened) in the prior remittance periods. Specifically, May brought $11.2mn, April $12.6mn, and March $7.8mn worth of reimbursements.
HFCMC 2000PH1
LBUBS 2002-C2
JPMCC 2001CIB3
256 (449,417) 48,312 5,800 1,001
WBCMT 2005C20
CGCMT 2008-C7
7,118
GCCFC 2006GG7
4 (342,326) 207,113 57,333 332
JPMCC 2003CB7
5 (331,882) 83,874 12,446 126 14,612
BACM 2007-3
3,123 (328,117) 164,204 195,945 2,193
JPMCC 2007LD11
Note: ASER recoveries for WBCMT 2005-C20 were partially netted out by additional ASERs associated with the same loan. Source: Loan Periodic Files, Barclays Capital
Clearly, ASER recoveries in a single remittance period could be linked to a single or to multiple related or even unrelated loans. For example, reimbursements of interest shortfalls in LBUBS 2002-C2 (Q,S,T,U) were related to the ASER recovery associated with a single loan, Computer Sciences Building. However, in GCCFC 2006-GG7, reimbursement to the K
11 June 2010 4
tranche could be tracked down to ASER recoveries associated with two different loans, Pleasant Hill and Eastern Hills Center (Figure 3).
Figure 3: Specific Loan that contributed to the largest ASER reimbursements in May 2010
Deal Name BACM 2007-3 BACM 2007-3 BACM 2007-3 BACM 2007-3 BACM 2007-3 CGCMT 2008-C7 CGCMT 2008-C7 CSFB 2005-C4 GCCFC 2006-GG7 GCCFC 2006-GG7 HFCMC 2000-PH1 JPMCC 2001-CIB3 JPMCC 2003-CB7 JPMCC 2007-LD11 JPMCC 2007-LD11 LBUBS 2002-C2 WBCMT 2005-C20 Loan Name 655 Engineering Old Peachtree Commons Renaissance Mayflower Hotel Metropolis Shopping Center Garin Ranch Mall St. Vincent Steve and Barry's - Athens, GA Normandie Holdings Portfolio I Pleasant Hill Eastern Hills Center Tristar Tech Center 1988 Tarob Court Rainier Office Portfolio Worthington on the Beltway 1550 North Congress Computer Sciences Building Macon & Burlington Mall Pool Loan balance (May 10) 9,900,000 6,684,000 200,000,000 86,000,000 16,750,000 49,000,000 18,983,126 134,172,687 Most recent ASER (767) (7,202) (12,840) (304,128) (3,181) (90,510) (261,765) (525,585) (235,419) (106,906) (484,468) (449,417) (331,882) (319,394) (8,086) (467,448) (445,233) Total ASER 22,990 76,148 230,208 854,674 455,752 3,081,464 Liquidated? N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N
In some instances, investors see substantial interest recoveries on the bond level but not always
Substantial ASER recoveries could result in partial or full reimbursements of interest shortfalls to a single or even to multiple mezzanine tranche(s) in the same remittance period. For example, investors in the LBUBS 2002-C2 deal referenced above (tranches Q through U) saw in May substantial reimbursement of interest (almost $373K for all four tranches) related specifically to the ASER reimbursements (Pleasant Hill and Eastern Hills Center loans). Other deals with substantial reimbursements that were passed to the bond level in May were JPMCC 2001-CIB3 (tranches K through M), WBCMT 2005-C20 (tranches H through L), and HFCMC 2000-PH1 (tranche M) (Figure 2). It is not always the case that the direct impact of ASER reimbursements is visible on the bond level because these recoveries could be blended with (or even be overweighted by) other additional trust fund expenses resulting in the net effect of additional shortfalls rather than reimbursement of prior shortfalls. The perfect example of this phenomenon could be seen in the CSFB 2005-C4 deal where the overall monthly reimbursements for the May remittance period of $728K were more than netted out by other additional trust fund expenses (non-recoverable advances of $1.2mn and special servicing fees of $31K) resulting in net additional shortfalls of $541K (Figure 2). Therefore, even though bondholders in this deal still benefited from ASER reimbursements (in their absence, the interest shortfalls would have been even greater), the direct impact was not visible. A very similar situation occurred in the JPMCC 2007-LDP11 deal, where the ASER reimbursements of $327K (related to Worthington on the Beltway and 1550 North Congress loans) were more than netted out by the new ASERs of $983K triggered by other loans.
11 June 2010 5
Given that many of these bottom CMBS tranches were re-securitized in CRE CDOs, we believe that this emerging trend might have specific implications for selected CRE CDOs (while particular allocations of additional interest typically depend on the particular language of CRE CDO deals). As an example, we take a look at ARCAP 2004-1A. The three tranches from the JPMCC 2001-CIB3 deal highlighted in Figure 2 (L, M and N) received reimbursement of ASER related interest shortfalls in May. Based on available information, it appears that all three of these tranches were fully placed in ARCAP 2004-1A resecuritization. As such, we believe that this CDO might have received additional interest allocated to these tranches.
11 June 2010
SPREAD MONITOR
Fixed-rate conduit/fusion over swaps (bp) and prices ($)
1-wk. chg. -1 0 -4 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6-month Avg. 199 303 323 403 71 44 16 11 9 9 High 207 437 447 551 81 57 17 12 9 9 Low
2,500
Category Spread (bp) AAA 3y AAA 5y AAA 7y AAA sup dup AM AJ AA A BBB BBB-
Price ($)
Spread (Tsy) Credit index Industrials Financials CDX.IG.OTR* 182 162 258 126
Libor OAS 14
11 June 2010
Note: 6-month statistics and weekly change based on chained index (Series 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5). Source: Markit Partners, Barclays Capital
Basis watch
AAA CMBX-Cash Basis
0 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -700 12/31/2008 2/28/2009 OTR CMBX AAA versus 2007+ LCF cash spreads
4/30/2009
6/30/2009
8/31/2009
4/30/2010
TRX 1-month 6/10/10 Cash Index Jun-10 Sep-10 Dec-10 Mar-11 316 310 303 293 290 1-wk Chg 4 -7 -8 -7 -10 Avg. 305 311 305 298 291 High 325 335 329 324 315 Low 276 260 252 244 238
ABX 6-month Rating PEN AAA AA A BBB BBB6/10/10 74.1 53.6 15.9 5.5 7.2 6.5 1-wk Chg -0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Avg. 73.7 49.8 13.2 5.1 6.2 5.7 High 79.3 59.0 16.1 5.6 7.3 6.7 Low 70.5 43.8 10.5 4.7 4.9 4.7
11 June 2010
CMBX AAA.1 AM.1 AJ.1 AA.1 A.1 BBB.1 BBB-.1 AAA.2 AM.2 AJ.2 AA.2 A.2 BBB.2 BBB-.2 AAA.3 AM.3 AJ.3 AA.3 A.3 BBB.3 BBB-.3 AAA.4 AM.4 AJ.4 AA.4 A.4 BBB.4 BBB-.4 AAA.5 AM.5 AJ.5 AA.5 A.5 BBB.5 BBB-.5
Cpn (bp) 10 50 84 25 35 76 134 7 50 109 15 25 60 87 8 50 147 27 62 200 320 35 50 96 165 348 500 500 35 50 98 175 350 500 500
Eff Cpn (bp) 10 50 84 25 34 69 106 7 50 109 14 24 57 56 8 50 147 26 54 163 211 35 50 96 165 348 413 319 35 50 98 175 350 438 331
Px ($) 93.1 85.2 79.0 65.0 53.0 36.0 27.1 91.7 81.1 71.9 52.1 42.0 23.8 18.0 87.1 75.8 56.5 35.4 26.5 18.4 16.1 85.4 74.0 53.0 37.1 31.1 20.0 19.0 86.7 74.9 56.8 41.7 32.6 20.0 19.0
Wt Avg 91.6 91.5 86.0 66.8 49.4 20.5 12.5 90.6 90.6 83.3 56.8 33.4 5.3 0.7 89.8 85.6 65.1 24.4 8.1 1.6 0.9 90.7 78.7 52.1 25.5 17.9 7.0 3.3 90.5 79.5 58.3 36.9 27.3 12.4 6.8
Base 92.1 92.0 90.5 77.2 58.7 23.3 12.4 91.0 91.4 92.4 67.3 38.9 3.1 0.2 90.3 89.9 77.0 26.1 5.1 1.2 0.8 91.1 86.5 60.2 25.7 17.4 6.7 3.4 91.1 84.5 67.2 40.5 28.5 12.8 6.9
Stress 89.6 89.8 74.6 35.7 17.1 1.6 0.9 89.0 88.5 59.7 22.8 4.0 -0.1 -0.3 88.2 77.1 26.0 2.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 89.0 59.7 18.1 8.9 6.0 2.8 1.3 88.5 65.5 29.1 12.4 7.9 2.8 1.5
Wt Avg 0.0 0.3 9.5 26.4 47.4 80.0 88.7 0.0 0.8 15.1 37.7 66.0 95.6 99.5 0.0 6.6 39.3 76.6 95.3 99.7 100.0 0.4 14.9 51.5 82.6 92.8 99.1 99.9 0.4 13.3 43.5 71.4 85.9 95.5 97.3
Base 0.0 0.0 4.2 13.4 36.5 77.1 89.3 0.0 0.0 4.1 24.4 60.0 98.2 100.0 0.0 1.1 25.1 75.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.2 4.1 42.4 83.5 94.6 100.0 100.0 0.2 6.7 32.6 68.4 86.6 96.0 97.1
Stress 0.0 0.8 22.0 64.4 84.5 100.0 100.0 0.0 1.8 43.0 79.1 99.9 100.0 100.0 0.0 16.5 85.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.8 39.8 90.7 96.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.0 30.2 78.6 96.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Wt Avg 6.2 8.7 9.0 8.3 7.3 4.7 3.6 6.8 9.5 9.5 8.3 6.7 3.2 2.2 7.5 10.2 8.9 6.3 4.3 2.2 1.8 8.2 10.4 8.8 6.0 4.4 2.6 2.2 8.3 10.3 9.2 6.9 5.4 3.3 2.6
Base 5.8 8.4 9.1 9.0 8.0 5.0 3.7 6.5 9.2 9.9 9.0 7.4 3.1 2.1 7.2 10.1 9.6 7.0 4.5 2.2 1.8 7.9 10.6 9.6 6.3 4.6 2.6 2.2 7.9 10.3 9.8 7.4 5.8 3.4 2.6
Stress 7.9 10.4 9.7 7.0 5.5 2.9 2.4 8.2 11.1 9.4 7.0 4.5 2.1 1.8 9.0 11.2 7.3 3.8 2.6 1.9 1.6 9.6 10.8 6.7 4.1 3.1 2.1 1.9 9.9 10.9 7.8 5.1 3.5 2.2 2.1
Max Px 95.4 92.0 87.3 75.4 62.1 39.8 31.0 94.0 89.2 80.5 62.3 48.2 26.4 20.8 92.0 84.9 66.6 42.0 34.5 23.1 20.3 91.4 80.8 60.6 41.4 35.1 22.6 21.0 91.6 83.3 66.0 45.2 37.3 22.7 21.0
Min Px 84.4 84.7 50.3 36.0 26.5 17.0 14.1 76.4 76.7 40.9 24.4 18.2 12.4 10.8 69.6 68.9 30.2 17.3 15.0 11.4 10.5 67.7 65.1 28.5 17.1 15.0 11.3 10.5 67.7 68.4 28.6 17.0 15.0 11.3 10.5
11 June 2010
10
RESEARCH CATALOG
Highlighted Publications/Presentations 05/04/2010 02/22/2010 02/09/2010 12/21/2009 12/03/2009
5
Surveillance Analytics
Keyword
Agency CMBS Primer: Freddie Mac K Certificates Program Theories of CMBS relativity Initial thoughts on AM CMBX CMBS 2010 Outlook: Mind the Gap(s) Five CMBS Stories Reaction to legacy CMBS TALF A slight pullback by S&P CRE Debt in Contraction Initial reaction to legacy CMBS terms Legacy TALF for CMBS: Updating upside PPIP: Time for detox CMBS in 2009: Deleveraging, defaults, and distress Negative CPA: Update on Commercial Property Values Near-term Refinancing Risk in Fixed-Rate CMBS Pools: An Update A Macro Approach to CRE Fundamentals/CMBS Losses: Part II A Macro Approach to CRE Fundamentals/CMBS Losses: Part I Pro Forma NowPerforming Later? CMBS: Chaos Theory CMBS Derivative Workshop A Guide to CMBS Loss-adjusted Yields CMBS Market Correction and Commercial Property Valuations Credit Performance by Property Market Size A Look at Early Stage Delinquencies The Commercial Real Estate Cycle and CMBS Evolving Collateral Trends: Paradigm Shift or Slippery Slope? Risk/Reward Across the CMBX Capital Structure Moodys-Lehman Brothers Study of Loss Severity in Defaulted CMBS Loans
The Surveillance Platform provides credit risk analysis for the entire US CMBS fixed rate universe CMBS Deal Portal CMBSDeal Click on deal name to access full suite of Surveillance Analytics Written analysis for all Delinquent and Specially Services Assets Bond Credit Evaluator Use for relative credit analysis for CMBS bid lists Calculators/Models CMBX Calculator CMBS Single Security Calculator CMBS Multiple Security Calculator CMBS Portal Pages Publications Access our latest research Market Monitor CMBX & Cash Spreads and Index Returns Calculators/Models CMBS/X Calculators and Models Overviews Surveillance Surveillance Tools and Reports Index Analysis CMBS Indices' Returns Charts Charts of relevant CMBS data series Surveillance Reports Delinquency Performance Reports Overall Performance Contributor Performance Deal Performance Property Type Performance State Performance Vintage Performance Prepayments List of Prepayments and Penalties Historical CPR Report CMBS CMBSMM CMBSCalc CMBSSurv CMBSIndex CMBSTSP CMBXCalc MCALC MSA CMBSCE A CUSIP driven report for comparing multiple bonds
09/03/2009 06/29/2009 06/16/2009 05/21/2009 04/20/2009 03/25/2009 01/09/2009 11/14/2008 09/08/2008 06/27/2008 06/20/2008 05/30/2008 05/01/2008 05/01/2008 04/11/2008 09/11/2007 06/29/2007 05/11/2007 03/21/2007 03/21/2007 03/21/2007 11/22/2004
Primers 06/26/2008 11/08/2007 03/17/2006 11/21/2005 CMBX Calculator on LehmanLive CMBX Valuation: Version 2.0 of Loss Dispersion Approach Introduction to CMBX Credit Default Swaps in CMBS: An Introduction
11 June 2010
11
Month January February March April May June July August September October November December 2010 Total 2009 Total 2008 Total 2007 Total 2006 Total 2005 Total 2004 Total 2003 Total 2002 Total 2001 Total 2000 Total
Conduit 0 0 0 310 0
Note: Year-to-date issuance includes all transactions priced through 6/10/2010. *CDO issuance is not included in the totals. Source: CM Alert
$4,000 $2,000 $0 Apr May 2009 Total* Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2009 Cum.* 2010 Cum.*
11 June 2010
12
Analyst Certification(s) I, Julia Tcherkassova, hereby certify (1) that the views expressed in this research report accurately reflect my personal views about any or all of the subject securities or issuers referred to in this research report and (2) no part of our compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this research report. Important Disclosures For current important disclosures regarding companies that are the subject of this research report, please send a written request to: Barclays Capital Research Compliance, 745 Seventh Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10019 or refer to https://ecommerce.barcap.com/research/cgibin/all/disclosuresSearch.pl or call 212-526-1072. Barclays Capital does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that Barclays Capital may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Any reference to Barclays Capital includes its affiliates. Barclays Capital and/or an affiliate thereof (the "firm") regularly trades, generally deals as principal and generally provides liquidity (as market maker or otherwise) in the debt securities that are the subject of this research report (and related derivatives thereof). The firm's proprietary trading accounts may have either a long and / or short position in such securities and / or derivative instruments, which may pose a conflict with the interests of investing customers. Where permitted and subject to appropriate information barrier restrictions, the firm's fixed income research analysts regularly interact with its trading desk personnel to determine current prices of fixed income securities. The firm's fixed income research analyst(s) receive compensation based on various factors including, but not limited to, the quality of their work, the overall performance of the firm (including the profitability of the investment banking department), the profitability and revenues of the Fixed Income Division and the outstanding principal amount and trading value of, the profitability of, and the potential interest of the firms investing clients in research with respect to, the asset class covered by the analyst. To the extent that any historical pricing information was obtained from Barclays Capital trading desks, the firm makes no representation that it is accurate or complete. All levels, prices and spreads are historical and do not represent current market levels, prices or spreads, some or all of which may have changed since the publication of this document. Barclays Capital produces a variety of research products including, but not limited to, fundamental analysis, equity-linked analysis, quantitative analysis, and trade ideas. Recommendations contained in one type of research product may differ from recommendations contained in other types of research products, whether as a result of differing time horizons, methodologies, or otherwise.
This publication has been prepared by Barclays Capital, the investment banking division of Barclays Bank PLC, and/or one or more of its affiliates as provided below. This publication is provided to you for information purposes only. Prices shown in this publication are indicative and Barclays Capital is not offering to buy or sell or soliciting offers to buy or sell any financial instrument. Other than disclosures relating to Barclays Capital, the information contained in this publication has been obtained from sources that Barclays Capital believes to be reliable, but Barclays Capital does not represent or warrant that it is accurate or complete. The views in this publication are those of Barclays Capital and are subject to change, and Barclays Capital has no obligation to update its opinions or the information in this publication. Barclays Capital and its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, partners and employees, including persons involved in the preparation or issuance of this document, may from time to time act as manager, co-manager or underwriter of a public offering or otherwise, in the capacity of principal or agent, deal in, hold or act as market-makers or advisors, brokers or commercial and/or investment bankers in relation to the securities or related derivatives which are the subject of this publication. The analyst recommendations in this report reflect solely and exclusively those of the author(s), and such opinions were prepared independently of any other interests, including those of Barclays Capital and/or its affiliates. Neither Barclays Capital, nor any affiliate, nor any of their respective officers, directors, partners, or employees accepts any liability whatsoever for any direct or consequential loss arising from any use of this publication or its contents. The securities discussed in this publication may not be suitable for all investors. Barclays Capital recommends that investors independently evaluate each issuer, security or instrument discussed in this publication and consult any independent advisors they believe necessary. The value of and income from any investment may fluctuate from day to day as a result of changes in relevant economic markets (including changes in market liquidity). The information in this publication is not intended to predict actual results, which may differ substantially from those reflected. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. This communication is being made available in the UK and Europe to persons who are investment professionals as that term is defined in Article 19 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion Order) 2005. It is directed at, and therefore should only be relied upon by, persons who have professional experience in matters relating to investments. The investments to which it relates are available only to such persons and will be entered into only with such persons. Barclays Capital is authorized and regulated by the Financial Services Authority ('FSA') and member of the London Stock Exchange. Barclays Capital Inc., US registered broker/dealer and member of FINRA (www.finra.org), is distributing this material in the United States and, in connection therewith accepts responsibility for its contents. Any U.S. person wishing to effect a transaction in any security discussed herein should do so only by contacting a representative of Barclays Capital Inc. in the U.S. at 745 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019. This material is distributed in Canada by Barclays Capital Canada Inc., a registered investment dealer and member of IIROC (www.iiroc.ca). Subject to the conditions of this publication as set out above, Absa Capital, the Investment Banking Division of Absa Bank Limited, an authorised financial services provider (Registration No.: 1986/004794/06), is distributing this material in South Africa. Absa Bank Limited is regulated by the South African Reserve Bank. This publication is not, nor is it intended to be, advice as defined and/or contemplated in the (South African) Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act, 37 of 2002, or any other financial, investment, trading, tax, legal, accounting, retirement, actuarial or other professional advice or service whatsoever. Any South African person or entity wishing to effect a transaction in any security discussed herein should do so only by contacting a representative of Absa Capital in South Africa, 15 Alice Lane, Sandton, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2196. Absa Capital is an affiliate of Barclays Capital. Non-U.S. persons should contact and execute transactions through a Barclays Bank PLC branch or affiliate in their home jurisdiction unless local regulations permit otherwise. In Japan, foreign exchange research reports are prepared and distributed by Barclays Bank PLC Tokyo Branch. Other research reports are distributed to institutional investors in Japan by Barclays Capital Japan Limited. Barclays Capital Japan Limited is a joint-stock company incorporated in Japan with registered office of 6-10-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6131, Japan. It is a subsidiary of Barclays Bank PLC and a registered financial instruments firm regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan. Registered Number: Kanto Zaimukyokucho (kinsho) No. 143. Barclays Bank PLC Frankfurt Branch is distributing this material in Germany under the supervision of Bundesanstalt fuer Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin). This material is distributed in Malaysia by Barclays Capital Markets Malaysia Sdn Bhd. Barclays Bank PLC in the Dubai International Financial Centre (Registered No. 0060) is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority. Barclays Bank PLC-DIFC Branch, may only undertake the financial services activities that fall within the scope of its existing DFSA licence. Barclays Bank PLC in the UAE is regulated by the Central Bank of the UAE and is licensed to conduct business activities as a branch of a commercial bank incorporated outside the UAE in Dubai (Licence No.: 13/1844/2008, Registered Office: Building No. 6, Burj Dubai Business Hub, Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai City) and Abu Dhabi (Licence No.: 13/952/2008, Registered Office: Al Jazira Towers, Hamdan Street, PO Box 2734, Abu Dhabi). Barclays Bank PLC in the Qatar Financial Centre (Registered No. 00018) is authorised by the Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority. Barclays Bank PLC-QFC Branch may only undertake the regulated activities that fall within the scope of its existing QFCRA licence. Principal place of business in Qatar: Qatar Financial Centre, Office 1002, 10th Floor, QFC Tower, Diplomatic Area, West Bay, PO Box 15891, Doha, Qatar. This information has been distributed by Barclays Bank PLC. Related financial products or services are only available to Professional Clients as defined by the DFSA, and Business Customers as defined by the QFCRA. IRS Circular 230 Prepared Materials Disclaimer: Barclays Capital and its affiliates do not provide tax advice and nothing contained herein should be construed to be tax advice. Please be advised that any discussion of U.S. tax matters contained herein (including any attachments) (i) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, by you for the purpose of avoiding U.S. tax-related penalties; and (ii) was written to support the promotion or marketing of the transactions or other matters addressed herein. Accordingly, you should seek advice based on your particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor. Copyright Barclays Bank PLC (2010). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any manner without the prior written permission of Barclays Capital or any of its affiliates. Barclays Bank PLC is registered in England No. 1026167. Registered office 1 Churchill Place, London, E14 5HP. Additional information regarding this publication will be furnished upon request.