AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, NOIDA AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT 2011 at

on the project entitled

THE PROCESS OF SPV (SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC) AND EMT

(ELECTRONIC MILK TESTER) PRODUCTION

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Mr. PRAVEEN CHOURASIYA (ENGINEER) SPV PRODUCTION REIL

Faculty Guides: Ms. Nidhi Gaur Mr. Lala Bhaskar

Submitted By: Mohit Mewara B. Tech (ECE) / 2008-2012 A2305108197

DECLARATION

Mohit Mewara A2305108197, 7ECE-3Y B.Tech (Electronics & Communication) ASET, Batch- 2008-2012

Amity University Sec-125, Noida Uttar Pradesh-201301

This is to certify that this summer training report on THE PROCESS OF SPV (SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC) AND EMT (ELECTRonic MILK TESTER) PRODUCTION completed and submitted to ASET, Amity University, Noida by Mohit Mewara, is an authentic work carried out at REIL, JAIPUR under the guidance of Mr. Praveen Chourasiya.

The material embodied in this project report has not been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any degree.

Mohit Mewara

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Setting an endeavor may not always be an easy task; obstacles are bound to come in its way and when this happens, help is welcome and without help of those people whom we are mentioned here, this endeavor would not have been successful. The completion of any project brings with it a sense of satisfaction, but it is never complete without thanking those people who made it possible and whose support has crowned my efforts with success. I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. K.M.Soni, Acting Director, ASET, Mr. Rajiv Jayaswal, Head of the Department, Electronics & Communication Department, ASET, for encouraging and inspiring me to carry out the project. I am pleased to acknowledge Mr. Praveen chourasiya, Engineer for providing me with an opportunity to undertake this project, without him this project would not have been successful. I would also like to thank my Faculty guides: Mr. Lala Bhaskar and Ms. Nidhi Gaur, Department of Electronics and Communication, for their expert guidance, encouragement and valuable suggestions at every step. I also thank the whole staff of RAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS AND

INSTRUMENTATION LTD., JAIPUR for making me learn work ethics and the culture of corporate world. The kind of value addition that has been done to my existing knowledge is exceptional and I cherish all these moments. Finally, I thank all my friends (co-trainees) for providing an environment where I was able to contribute and accomplish tasks equal to my passion and interest.

Mohit Mewara

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mohit Mewara student of B.Tech in Electronics and Communication from Amity University, Noida has carried out the work presented in the project report of the summer internship entitled THE PROCESS OF SPV (SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC) AND EMT (ELECTRonic MILK TESTER) PRODUCTION from Rajasthan Electronics & Instrumentation Ltd. under my guidance.

Mr. Lala Bhaskar Lecturer ECE Deptt

. Ms. Nidhi Gaur Lecturer ECE Deptt

ABSTRACT
This report attempts to provide an overview of the production of Solar Photo Voltaics (SPV), Electronic Milk Tester (EMT), and their applications in the company. The process of production of each product is explained in detail with flowchart and all the technical specifications. The machinery which is involved in the production of SPV and EMT has been included in the report. The machineries of SPV production are laminator, curing oven and sun simulator. Similarly, for EMT production 22 sub assemblies are used which are assembled to result into a working EMT. The SPV production comes in the Renewable energy division of the company and EMT production in Agro dairy division.

Apart from renewable and agro division, there is an industrial division where testing of energy meters is done. These meters are imported in the company for testing and after testing they are tagged as approved. The approved meters are then handed to the state government which is used in houses by electric board afterwards.

The main objective of REIL is the production of SPV and EMT and REIL is their leading producer in Rajasthan. All the villages come in Rajasthan are lightened by REILs products. The company has a strong in-house Govt. recognized Research & Development Division which has enabled the company to effect considerable improvements in the initial adopted technologies. Indigenization of the Milk Testing equipment and incorporating the latest State-of-the-Art microprocessor designs over the initial and older LSI designs has enabled more features and new add-on equipment has been developed to provide integrated system solutions. A prestigious collaboration with the Department of Electronics ( DoE ) in 1990 for the establishment of Rural Electronics Technology Centre and an award from DoE for Excellence in Electronics in 1991, testify REIL's achievements in the field of Rural Electronics.

The scope of SPV is not much in cities but it is very useful in villages. There are many villages in Rajasthan where there is no electricity and there the solar modules act like a boon. The applications of solar modules are solar generator, solar water pumping system, solar street lightning and solar power plant. All these products are also developed in the

company with the use of SPV. All these products are expensive but it is a onetime investment. The government even gives subsidy on these products to promote them in villages. The efficiency of them is quite good and their life is at least 20 years i.e. for 20 years there is no need of maintenance.

Electronic Milk Tester manufactured by REIL has been adopted as an essential instrument for measurement of milk fat. Percentage of fat content is displayed quickly and accurately on a digital readout. Several thousand small/large Dairies and Village Milk Collection Centers are being benefited with its use. Electronic Milk Tester works on the photometric measurement of light scattered by the fat globules present in the milk sample. The measuring procedure follows the conventional system of dilution, mixing, homogenization and photometric measurement.

The Milk Collection Station is a specially designed, integrated unit, which combines the several functions of a milk collection centre. It measures the weight, fat content & gives the price of the milk brought in by the each producer. The equipment is particularly useful for the milk cooperatives / milk collection centers as it can also maintain a summary of milk supplied. This state of the art equipment operates both on battery and mains and is able to process and record 120-150 milk collection per hour. An Electronic Milk Weighing Unit, the Electronic Milk Tester & Data Processor Unit are main components of the system. The membership code of individual members is entered automatically by member identity card / manually by an electronic key-board.

Data Processor Electronic Milk Tester (DPEMT) comprises of two main units, an Electronic Milk Tester and a Personal Computer. It measures the fat content of the milk. The membership code of individual members are entered manually by a keyboard. The weight can be entered either manually or captured automatically. If a Milk Weighing System is connected to the unit it gives the printout of the price of the milk brought in by each producer. Electricity is a clean, convenient way to deliver energy. The electricity meter is how electricity providers measure billable services. The most common type of meter measures

kilowatt hours. When used in electricity retailing, the utilities record the values measured by these meters to generate an invoice for the electricity. They may also record other variables including the time when the electricity was used. Since it is expensive to store large amount of electricity, it must usually be generated as it is needed. More electricity requires more generators and so providers want consumers to avoid causing peaks in consumption. Electricity meters have therefore been devised that encourage users to shift their consumption of power away from peak times such as mid afternoon, when many building turn on air-conditioning. For these applications, meters measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. In some areas, the meters charge more money at certain times of day, to reduce use.

The network has to be upgraded with thicker wires, larger transformers, or more generators if parts of it become too hot from excessive currents. The currents can be caused by either real power, in which the waves of voltage and current coincide, or apparent power, in which the waves of current and voltage do not overlap, and so cannot deliver power. Many industrial power meters can measure volt-ampere reactive hours.

At the end, the process of production of each product is studied carefully. Each sub assembly and machinery is studied properly. The performance data is studied and the resultant graph is plotted. Also, the effect of various parameters over the characteristic of modules and electronic milk tester is tested.

INDEX

NAME OF TOPIC 1. Introduction 2. Organization Profile 3. Materials and Methods 3.1. Renewable Energy Division 3.1.1. Silicon

PAGE NO. 1 2

5 5 7 9 10 12 14 18 19

3.1.2. Construction and principle operation of Solar Photovoltaic Cell 3.1.3. Types of solar cell 3.1.4. Types of Photovoltaic Systems 3.1.5. Solar photovoltaic module 3.1.6. Process for production of Photovoltaic module 3.1.7. SPV checking 3.1.8. Applications of SPV Module 3.2. Agro dairy division 3.2.1. Electronic Milk Tester 3.2.2. Technical specification of EMT 3.2.3. Working principle of measurement 3.2.4. Process for production of EMT 3.2.5. Subassemblies of EMT 3.2.6. Technical fault finding in EMT 4. Other products manufactured or tested at REIL 4.1.1. Automatic Electronic Milk Tester 4.1.2. Data Processing Electronic Milk Tester 4.1.3. Bactoscan FC 4.1.4. Milko Scan Minor 5. Industrial Electronics Division 5.1.1. Energy Meter 5.1.2. Working principle of Energy Meter 5.1.3. Unit of measurement

21 23 23 24 25 28

31 32 33 35

38 39 40

5.1.4. Types of meters 5.1.5. Spot Billing Machine 5.1.6. Vehicle Tracking System 6. Results & Discussions 7. Conclusion & Recommendation 8. Implications of future work 9. References

41 43 45 47 54 55 56

LIST OF FIGURES

1.

A view of REIL, Jaipur

2 5 6 7 9 10 11 11 13 14 16 17 17 21 24 26 26 27 27 28 31

2. Atomic Structure of Silicon 3. Lattice Structure Of Solar Cell 4. N-plus P-type Silicon 5. Solar Cell 6. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cell &Anatomy of a solar cell 7. Autonomous PV Systems 8. Hybrid Power System 9. 75 WATT , 38 WATT 10. Flowchart of production of SPV Module 11. Solar PV Laminator 12. Oven 13. Finished Modules 14. Electronic Milk Tester 15. Process Flow Chart For Production Of EMT 16. Cable Assembly 17. Charging Regulator 18. Dispenser Unit 19. Photometer 20. Cuvette 21. Automatic Electronic Milk Tester

22. Data Processing Electronic Milk Tester 23. Bactoscan FC 24. Milko Scan Minor 25. Energy Meter 26. Spot Billing Machine 27. Vehicle Tracking System 28. Sun Simulator 29. I-V Characteristic Curve Of Solar Module 30. Effect Of Temperature 31. Effect Of Series Resistance 32. Effect Of Shunt Resistance 33. Effect of reverse saturation current 34. Effect of ideality factor

32 34 36 38 43 45 48 48 49 50 50 51 52

LIST OF TABLES

1. Specification of Solar Generator 2. Specification Of Solar Water Pumping System 3. Specification Of Solar Power Plant 4. Specification of EMT 5. Performance data of Bactoscan FC

19 20 20 23 52