An adjective clause describes a noun. Because the clause is an adjective, it is positioned directly after the noun that it describes.

In the first example, there are two clauses: this is the subject of the verb is, and I is the subject of the verb want. That is the adjective clause connector that joins these two clauses, and the adjective clause that I want to buy describes the noun house. In the second example, there are also two clauses: house is the subject of the verb is, and I is the subject of the verb want. In this sentence also, that is the adjective clause connector that joins these two clauses, and the adjective clause that I want to buy describes the noun house. The following example shows how these sentence patterns could be tested in the Structure section of the TOEFL test. Example The job _____ started yesterday was rather difficult. (A) when (B) was (C) after (D) that he In this example, you should notice quickly that there are two clauses: job is the subject of the verb was, and the verb started needs a subject. Because there are two clauses, a connector is also needed. Answers (A) and (C) have connectors, but there are no subjects, so these answers are not correct. Answer (B) changes started into a passive verb; in this case the sentence would have one subject and two verbs, so answer (B) is not correct. The best answer to this question is answer (D). The correct sentence should say: The job that he started yesterday was rather difficult. In this sentence job is the subject of the verb was, he is the subject of the verb started, and the connector that joins these two clauses. The following chart lists the adjective clause connectors and the sentence pat terns used with them.

EXERCISE 9: Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1. I did not believe the story that he told me. (C) Analysis: First Clause : I did not believe the story Second Clause : He told me Adjective clause connector : that 2. Ms. Brown, whom did you recommend for the job, will start work tomorrow.(I) Analysis: First clause Second clause : Ms. Brown will start work tomorrow : Did you recommend for the job (incorrect) It should be you recommended for the job Adjective clause connector : whom

The correct sentence is Ms. Brown, who you recommended for the job, will start work tomorrow. 3. The lecture notes which lent me were not clearly written.(I) Analysis: First clause Second clause : The lecture notes were not clearly written : lent me (incorrect) It should be I lent Adjective clause connector : which The correct sentence is the lecture notes which I lent were not clearly written 4. Sally has an appointment with the hairdresser whom you recommended. (C) Analysis: First clause : Sally has an appointment with the hairdresser Second clause : you recommended Adjective clause connector : whom 5. The phone number that you gave me. Analysis: First clause : The phone number (incorrect: no verb) Second clause : you gave me Adjective clause connector : that The correct sentence is The phone number that you gave me IS wrong 6. She is able to solve all the problems which did she cause.(I) Analysis: First clause Second clause : She is able to solve the problems : did she cause (incorrect) It should be she caused Adjective clause connector: She is able to solve all the problems which she caused

7. The day that she spent on the beach left her sunburned. (C) Analysis: First clause : The day left her sunburned Second clause : she spend on the beach Adjective clause connector : that

8. Next week I am going to visit my cousins, whom have not seen in several years.(I) Analysis: First clause Second clause : Next week I am going to visit my cousins : have not seen in several years (incorrect) It should be I have not seen in several years Adjective clause connector : whom The correct sentence is Next week I am going to visit my cousins, whom i have not seen in several years

9. Did you forget the promise whom you made? (C) Analysis: First clause : Did you forget the promise second clause : you made? Adjective clause connector : whom 10. The teacher whom the students like the most is their history teacher. Analysis: First clause : The teacher is their history teacher Second clause : the students like the most Adjective clause connector : whom

Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, giving a description or more information. Some are based on opinion, like beautiful, ugly, evil, awesome, and silly. Others refer to physical traits like: red, dark, pale, huge, tiny, spherical, oblong, modern, or old. Some adjectives tell where an object came from, what it is made of, and what it is used for. Examples include: polar, western, African, cotton, steel, wooden, swinging, frying, or cooking. Other adjectives compare two or more objects. If they compare two, they are comparative. If they compare three or more, they are superlative. Here are some examples of a positive adjective (refers to one thing), its comparative form, and its superlative form: high, higher, highest, pretty, prettier, prettiest, bad, worse, worst, and appealing, less appealing, least appealing. This should help you understand when you see example adjective clauses.

Clauses
A clause is simply a group of words which has a subject and a predicate (verb). Clauses can be independent or dependent. Independent clauses are the easiest to explain because they make up a complete thought and they are sentences. An explanation of dependent clauses will take a bit longer. Dependent clauses are not sentences even though they have a subject and verb, because they do not have a complete thought. They are dependent upon another clause to have the whole story or meaning. If you say, Once the weather clears the listener is wondering, What? or What is going to happen? All dependent clauses start with a subordinate conjunction that connects the clause to the rest of the sentence. This is why dependent clauses are sometimes referred to as subordinate clauses. Here is a list of some of the subordinate conjunctions: because, once, before, after, whether, until, since, as far as, how, when, where, why, who, whomever, although, as if, and unless. Dependent clauses come in three forms: nominal, adverb, and adjective. Nominal clauses act just like nouns and can be subjects, objects, complements, or appositives. An example is: You may invite whomever you want to the party. Adverb clauses have the same role as an adverb; they modify verbs and verb phrases. They answer the questions: Where?, When?, Why?, What was the purpose?, and Under what condition? An example is, Once I go to college, Ill get a good job and make lots of money. Ads by Google English grammar - Learn egnlish grammar for free. It's easy. Join us now! memoteque.com/english-grammar Bursa Handphone - Jual/beli handphone terbaik Pilihan terlengkap ada disini! www.Tokobagus.com/hp-telekom Ann G. English Lessons - Native English-speaking teacher Trial Lesson Free www.ann-gilbert-english-lessons.com

Examples of Adjective Clauses

Now you should be ready for what you asked for: example adjective clauses. Adjective clauses can start with a relative pronoun and some common ones are: who, whom, that, or which. Also, relative adverbs can begin the clause and these include: when, where, and why. Adjective clauses do not need commas unless the information they give is additional and not essential. In other words, the clause does not change the basic meaning of the sentence. Here are several examples of sentences with the adjective clauses underlined:
y y y y

Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy. The people whose names are on the list will go to camp. Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television. Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.

y y y y y y y y

Students who are intelligent get good grades. I know someone whose father served in World War II. Making noise when he eats is the main reason why Sue does not like to eat with her brother. I enjoy telling people about Janet Evanovich whose latest book was fantastic. "He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe is as good as dead." - Albert Einstein Those who do not complain are never pitied. - Jane Austen People demand freedom of speech to make up for the freedom of thought which they avoid. - Sren Kierkegaard Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died. - Erma Bombeck

Adjective Clause Kategori: Grammar - Dibaca: 5906 kali Adjective Clause dinamakan juga RELATIVE CLAUSE yaitu Clause (anak kalimat) yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menerangkan keadaan noun atau pronoun. Untuk lebih jelasnya penjelasan mengenai Adjective Clause, perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini: Contoh: I have read the book (that) you just mentioned. Main Clause: I have read the book. Subordinate Clause: (that) you just mentioned. Anak kalimat menerangkan kata benda the book, disebut dengan Adjective Clause The lesson (that) she is learning is very difficult. Main Clause: The lesson is very difficult. Subordinate Clause: (that) she is learning. Berdasarkan pada the Antecedent yang ditunjuk oleh introductory words (kata-kata pendahulunya), Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu:
y

1. Relative Pronoun Kata Ganti Orang Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah : Who, Whom, Whose, That Fungsi : a. Subjek: - He paid the money to the man who / that had done the work b. Objek Kata Kerja: - He paid the man whom/that he had hired. c. Objek Kata Depan: - He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money. d. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan: - This is the girl whose picture you saw. Benda, Binatang Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah: Which, that Fungsi: a. Subjek: - Here is a book which/that describes animals. b. Objek Kata Kerja: - The chair which/that he broke is being repaired. c. Objek Kata Depan: - She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $2,00. 2. Relative Adverbs Waktu Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when - This is the year when the Olympic Games are held. Tempat Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: where - Here is the house where I live. Alasan Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when - Give me one good reason why you did that. 1. Relative Pronoun Yaitu Adjective Clause dengan memakai kata penghubung Relative Pronoun. o The boy is called Bob. He gave me a present.The boy who gave me a present is called Bob. atau o The boy who is called Bob gave me a present. Beberapa contoh Adjective Clause lainnya: The boy whose radio was stolen is a student. The girl whom I gave a special reward is a bright student. The bike which I borrowed last week was sold. 2. Relative Adverb Pelajaran tentang ini dibahas lebih lengkap pada Relative Clause. Hal-hal yang perlu ditambahkan di sini, yaitu: y Kata Why (yang menunjukkan alasan) yang menjadi Adverb penghubung, mungkin (kadang-kadang) dapat digantikan dengan that atau kadang-kadang dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat.

- The reason (that) I came should be obvious to you. - The reason (why) I came should be obvious to you. - The reason I came should be obvious to you. y When atau Where Bering dapat Baling ditukarkan dengan Preposition yang menunjukkan tempat (a preposition of Place) ditambah dengan Which. y - The small town in which (= where) I was born has grown to a large metropolis. - The day on which (= when) they were to leave finally arrived. Kadang-kadang that dapat menggantikan where atau when. The day that (or when, on which) the trial was to take place was a stormy one. Please suggest a good place that (or where) we can meet Beberapa Hal Penting yang Berkaitan dengan Adjective Clause Perubahan dari Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase. Adjective Clause dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase yang menjelaskan noun tanpa ada perubahan arti kalimat. Hanya Adjective Clause yang mempunyai subjek pronoun: who, which atau that yang dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.
o

Adjective Clause dengan subjek: whom tidak dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase. Perhatikan Contoh berikut: a. Adjective Clause * The girl who is sitting next to me is Lisa. ==> The boy is playing the piano is Bent. b. Adjective Phrase * The girl sitting next to me is Lisa. ==> The boy playing the piano is Bent.

Cara mengubah Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase. (1) Subjek pronoun dan verb be dihilangkan. * Adjective Clause: The man who is talking to Taylor is from Japan. * Adjective Phrase: The man talking to Taylor is from Japan. * Adjective Clause: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. * Adjective Phrase: The ideas presented in that book are interesting. * Adjective Clause: Ali is the man who is responsible for preparing the budget. * Adjective Phrase: Ali is the man responsible for preparing the budget. * Adjective Clause: The books that are on the shelf are mine. * Adjective Phrase: The books on the shelf are mine. (2) Jika tidak ada verb be dalam Adjective Clause, seringkali subjek pronoun dapat dihilangkan dan mengubah kata kerja dalam Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing. * Adjective Clause: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters. * Adjective Phrase: English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters. * Adjective Clause: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. * Adjective Phrase: Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome. Seringkali Adjective Clause digunakan dalam pola: noun + of which. Pola ini terutama digunakan untuk tulisan bahasa Inggris resmi (formal written English). Dalam pola ini biasanya Adjective Clause menerangkan "sesuatu". * We have an antique table. The top of it has jade inlay. o We have an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay. o We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house consisted of logs cemented with clay. We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with lay. Adjective Clause sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kuantitas dengan of. Ungkapan kuantitas mendahului pronoun, dan hanya whom, which, dan whose yang digunakan dalam pola ini. Ungkapan kuantitas dengan "of" antara lain: some of, none of, both of, one of, many of, two of, all of, each of, most of, dll. * There are 20 students in my class. Most of them are from the Outside Java. --> There are 20 students in my class, most of whom are from the Outside Java. * He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid. --> He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid. Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses Pedoman umum dalam Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses yaitu: o Jangan menggunakan tanda koma bila Adjective Clause diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.

y y

Gunakanlah tanda koma bila Adjective Clause hanya berfungsi untuk memberi informasi tambahan dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.  Henry whose wife works at a bank came to my house yesterday.  Alex, whose wife works at a bank, came to my house yesterday.

Keterangan: Contoh pertama menggambarkan bahwa Henry memiliki lebih dari 1 istri. Pada kalimat tersebut pembicara ingin mengindentifikasikan istrinya yang bekerja di Bank, bukan yang lainnya. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, kita sudah jelas, kalau Alex memiliki hanya 1 orang istri. Frase yang berada di antara koma hanya memberikan keterangan tambahan saja. Tanpa frase tersebut pun orang lain sudah mengetahuinya kalau istrinya Alex memang bekerja di sebuah Bank karena memang istrinya cuma 1 itu.Perhatikan contoh berikut ini untuk lebih jelasnya dalam penggunaan tanda koma dalam Adjective Clause.
o Soekarno, who is the first President of Republic of Indonesia, could deliver speech well. Perbedaan antara Adjective Clause dan Noun Clause Karena adanya kesamaan dalam beberapa kata pendahulunya, maka kadang-kadang antara Noun Clause dan Adjective Clause sering membingungkan. Ada 2 macam perbedaan yang penting antara dua jenis Clause tersebut: perhatikan contoh berikut ini: y

Adjective Clause biasanya didahului oleh noun atau pronoun yang diterangkan. Adjective Clause o I know the house where he lives. (where he lives mempunyai antecedent the house, yang merupakan objek dari kata know) Noun Clause I know where he lives.

(where he lives adalah objek dari kata know) Preposisi yang mendahului introductory word adalah milik Adjective Clause dan bukan milik Noun Clause. Adjective Clause The woman to whom he has been giving money is a poor relative of his. (Adjective Clause dimulai dengan to yang merupakan bentuk a prepositional phrase dengan whom dalam Adjective Clause itu. Dan To dapat diletakkan di bagian belakang Adjective Clause. The woman, whom he has been giving money to, is a poor relative of his). Noun Clause He gives money to whoever needs it. (The Noun Clause dimulai dengan whoever, seluruh Noun Clause itu adalah objek dari to, yang tidak dapat dipindah letaknya. Dan juga -ever- merupakan bentuk yang hanya bergandeng (mengikuti) dengan Noun Clause.