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This training manual has been developed in collaboration with the Nova Southeastern University Area Health Education

Centers (AHEC) Program and with initial funding support from the Florida Border Health Education Training Centers (HETC) Program, through grant (5 D39 HP 000029-12) awarded to Nova Southeastern University (NSU) College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM) by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

Medical Outreach Spanish


The Barest of Basics

Medical Outreach Spanish


The Barest of Basics

Fluency in Spanish is probably out of reach for most of us who live in the United States and do not have roots in Latin America. However, to be conversant or to be able to participate in meaningful dialogue with the Spanish-speaking patient is a realistic goal, regardless of ones heritage. With this aim in mind, we have compiled some basic medical terms and phrases that the American health care provider should find useful when treating the Latin patient. Accordingly, this booklet is only a starting point in the pursuit of better communication and language skills with patients. Please be aware that because of colloquialisms and other language idiosyncrasies, translations in this booklet are not necessarily literal.

About the Authors


Lauritz Larry Jensen is a professor and the Chair of microbiology at Midwestern University. Previously, he served as the Director of Pre-Clinical Education in the COM and the Medical Spanish Training Coordinator for NSU-COMs AHEC and HETC Programs at NSU. Dr. Jensen has taught microbiology and infectious diseases to nursing and osteopathic medical students for more than 25 years. He has completed numerous medical missions to Mexico and Central and South America with DOCARE International and has participated in health fairs to medically underserved Hispanic populations in South Florida and Arizona. Pedro Chavez is a professor at the College of Health Sciences at Midwestern University where one of his responsibilities is to teach medical Spanish to biomedical, pharmacy, physician assistant and podiatry students. He has participated in medical missions to Guatemala with DOCARE International and taught at the School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico for 15 years. His research focuses on determining the chemistry, use, toxicity and efficacy of herbal plant use in Latino communities in the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries v

Lauritz A. Jensen, D.A. Pedro I. Chavez, Ph.D.

Illustrated by
Jamie Hearne, Benjamin Lawner, and Lauritz Jensen Jack Mullins composed the cover

Contents
Spanish Phonetics Tips
Useful phrases/Frases tiles

1 2 4
3

First Contact with Your Patient

Ask the Right Questions (History) Doing the Physical 8

Specimens (samples) and body fluids/Muestras y lquidos corporales 9

Tests and the Laboratory

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11

Medical tests (analyses)/Pruebas mdicas (anlisis)

Time/Hora 27 Colors/Colores 27 Diagnoses/Diagnsticos 28 Microbes (germs) and bugs/Microbios (grmenes) y bichos 34 Disinfectants/Desinfectantes 35 Signs and symptoms/Seales y sntomas 36 Medications/Frmacos 38 Medical procedures/Procedimientos mdicos 44 Transportation and treatment centers/Transporte y centros de tratamiento 44 Medical equipment (outpatient, etc.)/Equipos mdicos (pacientes externos, etc.) 45 Specialties (specialists)/Especialidades (especialistas) 46 Other medical terms/Otros trminos mdicos 48

Telling It Like It Is (Diagnosis) Treatment Options Follow-up Activities 14 16

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Laboratory items/Artculos de laboratorio

Persons (descriptions)/Personas (descripciones)

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Preventive and Control Activities

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Foods/Comidas 19 The table/La mesa 19 Clothing/Ropa 20 Basic instructions/Instrucciones bsicas 21 Anatomy/Anatoma 22 Medical supplies (disposables, etc.)/Suministros mdicos (deschables, etc.) 25 Medical devices and instruments/Aparatos y instrumentos mdicos 25 Numbers/Nmeros 26 Measurements/Medidas 27

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SPANISH PHONETIC TIPS


VOWELS (PRONOUNCED AS IN)
a e i o u ah (bat). ey (canine). iy (egret). ow (antelope). uw (moose).

CONSONANTS (PRONOUNCED SIMILAR TO)


b c Softly spoken. Hard English k preceding a, o, or u (colon) but an s sound before e or i (cell). ch Like English. d Often softly spoken (place the tip of the tongue between incisors). g Usually a hard sound but more like the English h before e or i. h Almost always silent. j Guttural, throaty sound (e.g., exaggerate the h in hurricanes hardly happenThe Rain in Spain from My Fair Lady). ll Pronounced yah (yak). Like ny (onion). r Simple trill in the middle of a word but a strongly articulated trill at the beginning. rr Strong trill. v Soft like the Spanish b. x Similar English s sound (estrogen) or ecks (x-ray). y Usually like the English y. The word y is pronounced iy. z Like the English s. The other consonants not listed are similar to English.

FIRST CONTACT WITH YOUR PATIENT


Come in, please. Pase adelante, por favor. Good morning. (Good afternoon.) Buenos das. (Buenas tardes.) Whats your name? Cmo se llama? (Cul es su nombre?)* How old are you? Cuntos aos tiene? Do you know how to read and write? Sabe leer y escribir? Are you married or single? Est casado o soltero? Whats the matter, and how can I help you? Qu le pasa, y en qu le puedo servir? What did you say? Qu dijo? Please speak slowly. Im a gringo. Hable despacio, por favor. Soy gringo.
* The formal third person (e.g., usted) conjugation is favored in this booklet. When addressing a female patient, use the feminine form (e.g., casada o soltera).

USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES/PALABRAS Y FRASES


Hello. Goodbye. See you later. Yes. No. Please. Thank you. Tell me. Say it again. Listen to me. Just a minute. Excuse me. Be careful. Take care of yourself. There. Here. Again. Once. Never. A lot. A little. Sometimes. More. Nothing more. Yesterday. Tomorrow. I dont know. Hola. Adis. Hasta luego. S. No. Por favor. Gracias. Dgame. Repita. Esccheme. Un momento. Con permiso. Cuidado. Cudese. All (all). Aqu (ac). Otra vez. Una vez. Nunca. Mucho. Poco. De vez en cuando. Ms. Nada ms. Ayer. Maana. No s.

TILES

ASK THE RIGHT QUESTIONS (HISTORY)


I have to ask you some questions. Tengo que hacerle algunas preguntas. How do you feel today? Cmo se siente hoy? Do you feel sick? Se siente mal (enfermo)? How long have you felt sick? Cunto tiempo hace que se siente mal? Do you have a fever? Tiene fiebre? Are you tired (sore, nervous, worried)? Est cansado (adolorido, nervioso, preocupado)? Do you have a headache? Le duele la cabeza? (Tiene dolor de cabeza?) What causes it? Qu le provoca el dolor? How often do you have the pain? Cada cunto siente el dolor? Do you have a sore throat? Tiene dolor de garganta?

Is it hard to breathe? (Do you have shortness of breath?) Se le hace difcil respirar? (Le falta la respiracin?) Do you have a cough? Tiene tos? Do you have a lot of mucus with your cough? Tiene mucha flema con la tos? Do you have allergies? Sufre de alergias? Do you smoke? Fuma? How long have you smoked? Por cuntos aos ha fumado? Do you drink alcoholic beverages like beer and wine? Acostumbra tomar bebidas alcohlicas como cerveza y vino? Have you lost your appetite? Tiene prdida de apetito? Are you nauseous? Tiene nuseas? Have you vomited? Tiene vmitos? Do you have diarrhea? Tiene diarrea (asientos)?

Do you have a bitter taste in your mouth? Siente un sabor amargo en la boca? Are you dizzy? Tiene mareos? Are you having chest pains? Tiene dolores en el pecho? Does it burn when you urinate? Le arde al orinar? Do you have excessive thirst (hunger)? Siempre est con sed (hambre)? Have you lost weight? Ha perdido peso? Do you have a rash? Tiene salpullido (sarpullido)? Does it itch? Le pica? (Tiene picazn?) Have you had surgery before? Ha tenido alguna ciruga antes? Do you have vaginal discharge? Tiene flujo vaginal? Are you pregnant? Est embarazada?

When was your last period? Cundo fue su ltima menstruacin (regla)? Are you breast-feeding your baby? Est amamantando a su beb? Have you been vaccinated for hepatitis? Ha sido vacunado contra la hepititis? Are you currently taking any medicine? Est tomando alguna medicina? Do you take vitamins or over-the-counter medicine? Toma vitaminas o medicina sin receta?

Tengo que hacerle algunas preguntas.

DOING THE PHYSICAL


Im now going to examine you. Ahora, le voy a examinar. Im going to listen to your heart and take your pulse. Voy a escuchar su corazn y tomarle el pulso. The nurse-midwife is going to take your blood pressure. La enfermera-partera le va a tomar la presin. She will now weigh you. Ahora, ella le va a pesar. Im going to take your temperature. Its probably normal. Voy a tomarle la temperatura. Lo ms probable es que no tenga fiebre. The fever is not very high. La fiebre no es muy alta. I need to measure your belly. Necesito medirle el vientre. Show me where it hurts. Enseme donde le duele. Maybe there is something in your eye. Lets see. Tal vez le ha entrado algo en el ojo. Vamos a ver. Were almost finished. Falta poco para terminar.
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SPECIMENS (SAMPLES) AND BODY FLUIDS/MUESTRAS


LQUIDOS CORPORALES

amniotic fluid bile blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) discharge earwax feces (stool)

lquido amnitico bilis sangre lquido cefalorraqudeo (LCR) flujo cerilla heces (pop, excremento)

mucus pus saliva secretion semen serum sputum sweat tear urine vomit

moco (flema) pus saliva secrecin semen suero esputo sudor lgrima orina vmito

Enseme donde le duele.

TESTS AND THE LABORATORY


We have to run some tests. Necesitamos hacerle algunos examenes. I want them to do an x-ray. Quiero que le tomen una radiografa (rayos equis). Bring me a urine (fecal) sample. Do you know where the bathroom is? Tragame una muestra de orina (heces). Sabe dnde queda el bao? You need a biopsy. Necesita una biopsia. Take the specimen to the laboratory. Lleve la muestra al laboratorio. Dont forget to come back for the pathology report. No se olvide de regresar por el informe patolgico. These results are positive (negative) for parasite (parasite cysts and eggs). Los resultados son positivos (negativos) por parasitos (quistes y/o huevecillos). Do you have any questions? Tiene alguna pregunta que hacer?

MEDICAL TESTS (ANALYSES)/PRUEBAS


angiogram bacterial culture blood chemistry (electrolytes) blood type computed tomography echocardiogram electrocardiogram electrophoresis Gram stain magnetic resonance imaging mammogram Pap smear polymerase chain reaction (PCR) serology sonogram tuberculin test ultrasound urinalysis x-ray

MDICAS (ANLISIS)

angiograma cultivo de bacteria qumica sangunea (electrlitos) anlisis del tipo de sangre escn de tomografa ecocardiograma electrocardiograma electroforesis tincin de Gram imgenes por resonancia magntica mamografa (mamograma) examen de Papanicolaou reaccin en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) serologa sonograma prueba de la tuberculina ultrasonido urianlisis (urinlisis) radiografa (rayos x)

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TELLING IT LIKE IT IS (DIAGNOSIS)


You have a parasitic disease. Tiene una enfermedad causada por un parsito. You have roundworms, a minor intestinal disorder. Tiene lombrices, un pequeo trastorno intestinal. Your son is dehydrated. Su hijo est deshidratado. The disease may cause cirrhosis of the liver. La enfermedad puede ocasionar cirrosis del hgado. It seems like your daughter has a cold. Me parece que su hija tiene un resfro. The disease makes you feel weak (exhausted). La enfermedad le hace sentir dbil (agotado). Its possible that you have pneumonia. Es posible que tenga neumona. You have high blood pressure. Tiene la presin arterial alta. I think you have diabetes (elevated blood sugar). Creo que lo que tiene es la diabetes (el azcar alta en la sangre). You are a little overweight. Tiene un poco de sobrepeso.
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Your wife suffers from anemia. Su esposa padece de anemia. She has some lumps in her breast. Ella tiene algunas masas en el seno. He has a cavity. l tiene una muela picada. The cause of Alzheimer disease is unknown. Se desconoce la causa del mal de Alzheimer. LABORATORY ITEMS/ARTICULOS DE LABORATORIO
bottle bucket (pail) calculator centrifuge computer container culture dropper filter flask (vial) funnel incubator label (tag) loop (micro) marker botella microscope cubo (balde) microscope calculadora slide centrfuga Petri dish computadora pipette envase scale cultivo spectrogotero photometer (cuentagotas) sterilizer filtro (autoclave) frasco swab embudo test tube incubadora etiqueta thermal cycler asa ultraviolet marcador light microscopio portaobjecto placa de agar pipeta balanza espectrofotmetro esterilizador (autoclave) hisopo tubo de ensayo (probeta) termociclador lmpara ultravioleta

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TREATMENT OPTIONS
There is no specific (alternative) treatment. No hay tratamiento especfico (alternativo). You should drink more fluids (eight ounces with pills). Debe tomar ms lquidos (ocho onzas con pastillas). You need more exercise. Necesita hacer ms ejercicio. Does any medicine give you problems? Le cae mal alguna medicina? Im going to prescribe a tranquilizer (sedative). Le recetar un tranquilizante (calmante). Take this prescription to the pharmacy. Lleve la receta a la farmacia. The purpose of the antibiotic is to eliminate the infection. El antibitico es para acabar con la infeccin. Some bacteria are resistant. Algunas bacterias son resistentes. This lotion kills lice. La locin mata los piojos. Generic medication is the same thing. El medicamento genrico es igual al regular.

Take the tablets immediately. Tome las tabletas inmediatamente. Take one pill every six hours (every other day). Tome una pldora cada seis horas (pasando un da). Take two pills each day (daily). Theyre chewable. Tome dos pastillas por da (al da). Son masticables. Take all the medicine. Dont forget. Tome la medicina hasta que se termine. No se olvide. You may dissolve the pills in water or juice. Se puede disolver las pastillas en agua o jugo. Take a teaspoonful every four hours. Tome una cucharadita cada cuatro horas. Dont mix alcohol with your medication. No mezcle el alcohol con su medicamento. Take two aspirins and call me in the morning. Tome dos aspirinas y llmame maana por la maana. Let me know if the discomfort persists. Si persisten las molestias, comniquese conmigo. Please keep this medicine out of the reach of children. Por favor, no deje la medicina al alcance de los nios. Did you understand? Entendi lo que le dije?

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FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
Are you here for your follow-up exam? Est aqu para el seguimiento mdico? How are you coming with your treatment (therapy)? Cmo sigue con su tratamiento (terapia)? Did the medicine alleviate your illness? La medicina le ha ayudado a aliviar su malestar? Did the antibiotic give you any problems? Tuvo algn problema con el antibitico? What was the problem? Qu le pas? The wound healed very well. Im going to remove the stitches today. La herida san muy bien. Le quitar los puntos hoy. Can you manage by yourself or do you need help? Puede valerse por s mismo o necesita ayuda? Is there somebody at home who can help you? Hay alguien en la casa que le puede ayudar? Dont worry. Your son will get well soon. No se preocupe. Su hijo pronto se aliviar. At any rate, come back to see me within five days. De todos modos, venga a verme dentro de cinco das.
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PERSONS (DESCRIPTIONS)/PERSONAS (DESCRIPCIONES)


baby boy/girl brother/sister brother-in-law/sister-in-law child cousin father/mother father-in-law/mother-in-law gentleman/lady grandchild grandfather/grandmother husband/wife male/female man/woman mister (sir)/madam/miss nephew/niece senior citizen son/daughter son-in-law/daughter-in-law uncle/aunt nene/nena (beb) muchacho/muchacha hermano/hermana cuado/cuada nio/nia primo/prima padre/madre suegro/suegra caballero/dama nieto/nieta abuelo/abuela esposo (marido)/esposa (marida) varn/hembra hombre/mujer seor/seora/seorita sobrino/sobrina anciano/anciana hijo/hija yerno/nuera to/ta

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PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL ACTIVITIES


You should try to manage your weight. Trate de controlar su peso. Germs cause disease. Los grmenes causan enfermedades. Its spread through the air from one person to another. Se propaga de persona a persona a traves del aire. Cover your mouth when you sneeze. Tpese la boca cuando estornude. One contracts parasites from contaminated water. Uno contrae parsitos por medio del agua contaminada. Only drink purified water. Boil the water. Solamente tome agua purificada. Hierva el agua. Wash your hands with soap. Lvese las manos con jabn. Wash and dry your feet to prevent athletes foot. Lvese y squese los pies para evitar pie de atleta. When you urinate, wipe yourself from front to back. Cuando orine, lmpiese de adelante hacia atrs. The condom provides good protection against AIDS. El condn (preservativo) brinda buena proteccin contra el SIDA.
18 beans beef bread candy chicken corn drink fish fruit ice ice cream juice

FOODS/COMIDAS
frijoles meat carne carne de vaca milk leche pan pepper pimienta caramelo (dulce) pork carne de cerdo pollo rice arroz maz (elote) salt sal bebida shellfish marisco pescado soft drink refresco fruta soup sopa hielo sugar azcar helado tortilla tortilla jugo vegetable verdura Qu hay de comer? Acabo de comer.

What do you have to eat? I have just eaten.

THE TABLE/LA
chair cup fork glass knife napkin paper towel pitcher (jug)

MESA

silla place setting tasa plate tenedor saltshaker vaso spoon cuchillo tablecloth servilleta tablespoon toalla de teaspoon papel toothpick jarro (cntaro)

cubierto plato salero cuchara mantel cuchara cucharita palillo de dientes

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CLOTHING/ROPA
blouse blusa bra brassiere (sostn) coat abrigo (overcoat) dress vestido (clothing) jacket chaqueta panties calzones (pantaletas) pantyhose pantimedias robe bata (lab coat) camisa zapato falda enagua (fondo) sock calcetn trousers pantalones (pants) T-shirt camiseta underpants calzoncillos (mens) underwear ropa interior vest chaleco shirt shoe skirt slip

BASIC INSTRUCTIONS/INSTRUCCIONES
Stay calm. Sit down. Lie down. Stand up. Turn around. Turn over face down. Look over here. Dont move. Close your eyes. Open your mouth and say ah. Stick out your tongue. Take a deep breath. Hold your breath. Breathe. Cough. Take off your clothes. Put on this gown. Slide forward. Scoot down. Separate your legs. Push. Pull. Squeeze hard. Relax. Wait here. Come with me. Sign here. Smile.

BSICAS

Estese tranquilo. Sintese. Acustese. Levntese. Dese la vuelta. Pngase boca abajo. Mire aqu. No se mueva. Cierre los ojos. Abra la boca y diga ha. Saque la lengua. Respire profundo. Aguante la respiracin. Respire. Tosa. Qutese la ropa. Pngase esta bata. Muvase hacia adelante. Muvase para atrs. Separe las piernas. Empuje. Jale. Apriete duro. Reljese. Esprese aqu. Venga conmigo. Firme aqu. Sonra.

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ANATOMY/ANATOMA
abdomen abdomen acetabulum acetbulo adrenal gland glndula suprarrenal alveolus alvolo ankle tobillo anus ano aorta aorta appendix apndice arm brazo armpit axila artery arteria back espalda beard barba belly vientre bladder vejiga blood sangre body cuerpo bone hueso brain cerebro breast seno (mama) bronchiole bronquolo bronchus bronquio buttock nalga (glteo) caecum ciego calf pantorrilla capillary capilar cartilage cartlago cell cervix cheek chest chin clavicle clitoris colon cornea diaphragm duodenum ear eardrum egg elbow epididymis epiglottis erythrocyte esophagus Eustachian tube eye eyebrow eyelash eyelid face femur finger clula crvix mejilla pecho barbilla clavcula cltoris colon crnea diafragma duodeno odo (oreja) tmpano huevo (vulo) codo epiddimo epiglotis eritrocito esfago trompa de Eustaquio ojo ceja pestaa prpado cara fmur dedo

follicle (hair) foot forehead foreskin frenulum gallbladder gland groin gums hair hair (body) hand head heart heel hip hymen ilium intestine (large, small) iris jaw joint kidney knee leg leukocyte

folculo piloso pie frente prepucio frenillo vescula biliar glndula ingle encas cabello (pelo) vello mano cabeza corazn taln cadera himen leon intestino (grueso, delgado) iris mandbula coyuntura (articulacin) rin rodilla pierna leucocito

ligament lip liver lung lymph node meninges mesentery mouth muscle mustache nail navel neck nerve nipple nose ovary oviduct palate palm pancreas parathyroid

parotid penis pericardium perineum peritoneum

ligamento labio hgado pulmn ganglio linftico meninges mesenterio boca msculo bigote ua ombligo cuello nervio pezn nariz ovario oviducto paladar palma pncreas glndula paratiroides glndula parotdeo pene pericardio perineo peritoneo

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pharynx pituitary gland placenta platelet prostate pubes pupil rectum retina rib sacrum salivary gland scrotum shoulder sinus skin skull sole sperm sphincter spinal cord spine spleen sternum stomach temple tendon testicule

faringe thigh glndula thorax pituitaria throat placenta thumb plaqueta thymus prstata thyroid pubis pupila tissue recto toe retina tongue costilla tonsil sacro tooth (molar) glndula umbilical salival cord escroto ureter hombro urethra seno uterus piel vagina crneo valve planta vas deferens esperma esfnter vein mdula espinal ventricle espinazo vertebral bazo column esternn villus estmago sien vulva tendn waist testculo wrist

muslo trax garganta pulgar timo glndula tiroidea tejido dedo del pie lengua amgdala diente (muela) cordn umbilical urter uretra tero (matriz) vagina vlvula conducto deferente vena ventrculo columna vertebral vello intestinal vulva cintura mueca

MEDICAL SUPPLIES (DISPOSABLES, ETC.)/SUMINISTROS MDICOS (DESCHABLES, ETC.)


bandage curita (venda) cast (plaster) yeso catheter catter cotton bolita de algodn gauze gasa gloves guantes mask (oxygen) mascarilla mask (surgical) needle sponge suture syringe tape tongue depressor cubreboca aguja esponja sutura jeringa cinta bajalengua

MEDICAL DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTS/APARATOS


INSTRUMENTOS MDICOS

aspirator cautery colposcope defibrillator electrocardiograph endoscope glucometer hammer (reflex) laser

aspirador otoscope cauterio scalpel colposcopio desfibrilador scissors electrospeculum cardigrafo stethoscope endoscopio stirrups glucmetro thermometer martillo de tweezers reflejo (forceps) rayo lser

otoscopio bistur (escalpelo) tijeras espculo estetoscopio estribos termmetro pinzas

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NUMBERS/NMEROS
zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty cero uno dos tres cuatro cinco seis siete ocho nueve diez once doce trece catorce quince diecisis diecisiete dieciocho diecinueve veinte twenty-one thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundred two hundred three hundred four hundred five hundred six hundred seven hundred eight hundred nine hundred one thousand one hundred thousand one million veintiuno treinta cuarenta cincuenta sesenta setenta ochenta noventa cien doscientos trescientos cuatrocientos quinientos seiscientos setecientos ochocientos novecientos mil cien mil calorie centimeter degree kilo kilogram kiloliter kilometer

MEASUREMENTS/MEDIDAS
calora centmetro grado kilo kilogramo kilolitro kilmetro liter meter microgram micrometer milligram milliliter millimeter litro metro microgramo micrmetro miligramo mililitro milmetro

TIME/HORA
second minute hour day segundo minuto hora da week month year century semana mes ao siglo

What time is it? Its two-thirty.

Qu hora es? Son las dos y media.

milln black blue brown gray green orange

COLORS/COLORES
negro azul caf (marrn) gris verde anaranjado pink purple red violet white yellow rosado (rosa) morado rojo violeta blanco amarillo

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DIAGNOSES/DIAGNSTICOS
abscess acne actinomycosis AIDS alcoholism (inebriation) allergy amnesia amoebiasis anemia anencephaly aneurysm angina pectoris anorexia anthrax appendicitis arthritis (rheumatoid) ascariasis ascites aspergillosis asthma astigmatism atherosclerosis athletes foot bacterial vaginosis absceso Bells palsy acn actinomicosis benign SIDA prostatic alcoholismo hypertrophy (embriaguez) birthmark alergia amnesia bite (animal) amebiasis bite (insect) anemia blastomycosis anencefalia blindness aneurisma blister angina de boil pecho botulism anorexia bronchitis ntrax bulimia apendicitis bullet wound artritis bunion (reumatoide) burn ascariasis bursitis ascitis callus aspergilosis campyloasma bacteriosis astigmatismo cancer aterosclerosis candidiasis pie de atleta canker sore vaginosis cardiac arrest bacteriana cataract paralysis facial hipertrofia benigna de prstata marca de nacimiento mordida picada blastomicosis ceguera ampolla furnculo botulismo bronquitis bulimia balazo juanete quemadura bursitis callo campilobacteriosis cncer candidiasis afta paro cardaco catarata

cellulitis celulitis decay cerebral parlisis dementia palsy cerebral dengue Chagas disease mal de Chagas depression chickenpox varicela dermatitis chlamydia clamidia diabetes cholera clera diphtheria chronic enfermedad diverticulitis obstructive pulmonar Down pulmonary obstructora syndrome disease (COPD) crnica dysentery cirrhosis cirrosis earache claustrophobia claustrofobia echinocleft lip labio leporino coccosis cleft palate paladar eczema hendido elephantiasis clubfoot pie equino embolism coccidioido- coccidioidoemphysema mycosis micosis encephalitis cold (common) resfriado endometriosis colitis colitis enteritis concussion conmocin enterobiasis conjunctivitis conjuntivitis epilepsy croup crup erysipelas cryptococcosis criptococosis fibroma cryptosporidosis criptofilariasis sporidosis fissure cyst quiste fracture cysticercosis cisticercosis gangrene deafness sordera gastritis

diente cariado demencia dengue depresin dermatitis diabetes difteria diverticulitis sndrome de Down disentera dolor de odo equinococosis eccema elefantiasis embolia enfisema encefalitis endometriosis enteritis enterobiasis epilepsia erisipela fibroma filariasis fisura fractura gangrena gastritis

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giardiasis glaucoma goiter gonorrhea gout hangover headache

heart attack heart failure heatstroke hemophilia hemorrhoid hepatitis hernia herpes histoplasmosis hives hookworm disease hydrocele hydrocephaly hypertension hypoglycemia impetigo impotence indigestion influenza

giardiasis ingrown glaucoma toenail bocio injury (lesion) gonorrea ketoacidosis gota laceration resaca laryngitis cefalea leishmaniasis (jaqueca) leprosy ataque leptospirosis cardaco leukemia fallo cardaco lipoma insolacin listeriosis hemofilia lumbago hemorroide lupus hepatitis Lyme disease hernia herpes lymphoma histomacular plasmosis degeneration roncha malaria uncinariasis malignancy malnutrition hidrocele measles hidrocefalia melanoma presin alta meningitis hipoglucemia mental imptigo retardation impotencia migraine indigestin miscarriage gripe mole

uero (ua encarnada) herida (lesin) cetoacidosis laceracin laringitis leishmaniasis lepra leptospirosis leucemia lipoma listeriosis lumbago pus lupus enfermedad de Lyme linfoma degeneracin macular paludismo malignidad desnutricin sarampin melanoma meningitis retraso mental migraa malparto lunar

mononucleosis motion sickness mumps mycosis myopia narcolepsy nervous breakdown neural tube defect obesity onchocerciasis orchitis osteitis osteomyelitis osteoporosis palsy (paralysis) paranoia Parkinson disease pediculosis pelvic inflammatory disease pemphigus periodontitis pertussis pharyngitis phlebitis phobia

mononucleosis plague mareo pneumonia paperas poliomyelitis micosis polycythemia miopa polyposis narcolepsia pregnancy crisis (ectopic) nerviosa presbyopia defecto de psittacosis tubo neural psoriasis obesidad pterygium oncocercosis rabies orquitis ranula ostetis reflux osteomielitis respiratory osteoporosis failure parlisis retinitis paranoia Reye enfermedad syndrome de Parkinson rheumatic pediculosis fever enfermedad rheumatism plvica rickets inflamatoria ringworm pnfigo Rocky periodontitis Mountain tos ferina spotted fever faringitis flebitis rosacea fobia roseola

peste (plaga) pulmona poliomielitis policitemia poliposis embarazo (ectpico) presbiopa psitacosis psoriasis pterigin rabia rnula reflujo insuficiencia respiratoria retinitis sndrome de Reye fiebre reumtica reumatismo raquitismo tia de la piel fiebre maculosa de las Montaas Rocosas roscea rosola

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rubella salmonellosis sarcoidosis scabies scarlet fever schistosomiasis schizophrenia scoliosis sepsis shigellosis shingles shock sinusitis smallpox sore sore throat spina bifida splenitis sprain staph infection sting strep infection stroke

sunburn

rubola syphilis salmonelosis taeniasis sarcoidosis tetanus sarna thrombosis escarlatina tinea esquistothrush somiasis tonsillitis esquizofrenia toothache escoliosis toxosepsis plasmosis shigelosis trachoma herpes zoster trichinosis choque trichuriasis sinusitis trypanoviruela somiasis llaga tuberculosis dolor de tumor garganta (benign, espina bfida malignant) esplenitis typhoid fever torcedura typhus infeccin de ulcer estafilococo urethritis picadura urinary tract infeccin de infection estreptococo vaginitis derrame varicose vein cerebral venous stasis quemadura vitiligo de sol wart

sfilis teniasis ttanos trombosis tia (tinea) algodoncillo amigdalitis dolor de muela toxoplasmosis tracoma triquinosis tricuriasis tripanosomiasis tuberculosis tumor (benigno, maligno) fiebre tifoidea tifus lcera uretritis infeccin urinaria vaginitis vena varicosa estasis venosa vitligo verruga

yeast moniliasis infection

yellow fever fiebre amarilla

Tiene la presin arterial alta.

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MICROBES (GERMS) AND BUGS/MICROBIOS (GRMENES)


BICHOS

Viruses/Viruses human immuno- virus de inmunohuman virus de deficiency virus deficiencia papilloma papiloma (HIV) humana (VIH) virus humano Bacteria/Bacterias bacillus chlamydia coccus coliform diplococcus enterococcus gonococcus gram-negative bacteria gram-positive bacteria

bacilio clamidia coco coliforme diplococo enterococo gonococo bacteria gramnegativo bacteria grampositivo

meningococcus pneumococcus rickettsia spirochete spore staphylococcus streptococcus

meningococo neumococo rickettsia espiroqueta espora estafilococo

Parasites/Parsitos amoeba ameba (amiba) plasmodium flea pulga protozoan fluke duela roundworm (trematode) (trematodo) (nematode) helminth helminto sporozoan hookworm uncinaria tapeworm leech sanguijuela (cestode) louse (crab) ladilla tick louse (head) piojo triatomid bug mite caro mosquito mosquito (zancudo) trichomonad nit liendre trypanosome pinworm oxiuro whipworm Bugs/Bichos ant bee centipede cockroach fly hormiga abeja ciempis cucaracha mosca

plasmodio protozoario lombriz (nematodo) esporozoario tenia (cestodo) garrapata triatomino (chirimacha, vinchuca) trichomona tripanosoma tricocfalo insecto milpis alacrn araa avispa

estreptococo

Fungi/Hongos dermatophyte dermatfito

insect millipede scorpion spider wasp

yeast monilia

DISINFECTANTS/DESINFECTANTES
alcohol bleach formaldehyde gentian violet alcohol cloro formaldehido violeta de genciana hydrogen agua peroxide oxigenada iodine yodo merbromin merbromina

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35

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/SEALES


abdominal discomfort alopecia (baldness) arthralgia atrophy bad breath bad odor (malodorous) blackout bloody nose blurred vision bradycardia bruise burning cachexia chills clot colic confusion congestion constipation convulsion (seizure) cough cramp cyanosis dehydration

Y SINTOMAS

molestias diarrhea diarrea abdominales discharge flujo alopecia discomfort molestia (calvicie) dizziness mareo artralgia dryness resequedad atrofia dysphagia disfagia mal aliento dysphasia disfasia mal olor dyspnea disnea (maloliente) dysuria disuria desmayo edema edema sangrado nasal embolus mbolo visin borrosa erythema eritema bradicardia exantem exantema moretn fatigue fatiga ardor fever fiebre caquexia (calentura) escalofros flatulence flatulencia cogulo gallstone clculo biliar clico glycosuria glucosuria confusin granulation granulacin congestin heartburn acidez estreimiento heart soplo convulsin murmur cardiaco hematuria orina con tos sangre calambre hemoptysis hemptisis cianosis (bloody (esputo deshidratacin sputum) sanguinolento)

hemorrhage hiccup hirsutism hoarseness hot flushes (flashes) immunodeficiency incontinence infarction inflammation insomnia itching

jaundice labor pain lethargy lump malaise nausea neuralgia nightmare night sweats numbness pain palpitation phlegm pimple

hemorragia polyp hipo polyuria hirsutismo prolapse ronquera rash bochornos (calores) redness inmunodeficiencia ringing incontinencia scab infarto scar inflamacin sneeze insomnio snoring comezn somnolence (picazn) spasm ictericia stiffness dolor del swelling parto syncope letargo tachycardia bulto (masa) thrombus malestar tiredness nusea tremor neuralgia (shaking) pesadilla uremia sudores vertigo nocturnos vomiting adormecimiento warmth dolor weakness palpitacin wheeze flema grano yawn

plipo poliuria prolapso salpullido (erupcin) enrojecimiento (rojez) zumbido costra cicatriz estornudo ronquidos somnolencia espasmo rigidez hinchazn sncope taquicardia trombo cansancio temblor

uremia vrtigo vmito calo debilidad sibilancia (silbido) bostezo

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MEDICATIONS/FRMACOS
Analgesics/Analgsicos Salicylates and nonsteroidal antiiflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/

Antimicrobials and antibiotics/Antimicrobiticos y antibiticos Antivirals/Antivirales acyclovir aciclovir amantadine amantadina indinavir indinavir interferon interfern nelfinavir nelfinavir nevirapine nevirapina

Salicilatos y antiinflamatories no esteroides (AINEs)


acetaminophen acetaminofn (paracetamol) (paracetamol) aspirin aspirina celecoxib celecoxib

ibuprofen ibuprofeno naproxen naproxeno oxaprozin oxaprozina

oseltamivir ribavarin rimantadine saquinavir zanamivir zidovudine

oseltamivir ribavarina rimantadina saquinavir zanamivir zidovudina

Narcotics and illegal drugs/Narcticos y drogas ilegales cocaine (crack) cocana (crack) marijuana marihuana ecstasy xtasis meperidine meperidina heroin herona morphine morfina Miscellaneous/Otros frmacos amitriptyline amitriptilina (triptans) (triptanos)

baclofen baclofn caffeine cafena

Anesthetics/Anestsico General anesthetics/Anestsicos generales ether ter ketamine ketamina fentanyl fentanil thiopental tiopental Local and topical anesthetics/Anestsicos locales y tpicos benzocaine benzocana procaine procana lidocaine lidocana

Antibacterials/Antibactricos amikacin amikacina erythromycin amoxicillin amoxicilina gentamicin ampicillin ampicilina isoniazid azithromycin azitromicina methicillin bacitracin bacitracina mupirocin carbenicillin carbenicilina neomycin cefaclor cefaclor norfloxacin cefixime cefixima penicillin ceftriaxone ceftriaxona polymyxin cephalexin cefalexina rifampin cephalosporin cefalosporina silver chloramphenicol cloranfenicol sulfadiazine ciprofloxacin ciprofloxacina streptomycin clarithromycin claritromicina tetracycline clavulanic acid cido tobramycin clavulnico trimethoprimclindamycin clindamicina sulfadapsone dapsona methoxazole doxycycline doxiciclina vancomycin 39

eritromicina gentamicina isoniacida meticilina mupirocina neomicina norfloxacina penicilina polimixina rifampicina sulfadiazine de plata estreptomicina tetraciclina tobramicina trimetoprimasulfametoxazol

vancomicina

38

Antifungals/Antifungales amphotericin B anfotericina B ketoconazole ketoconazol clotrimazole clotrimazol miconazole miconazol fluconazole fluconazol nystatin nistatina griseofulvin griseofulvina terbinafine terbinafina itraconazole itraconazol tolnaftate tolnaftato Antiparasitics/Antiparasitarios albendazole albendazol metronidazole chloroquine chloroquina permethrin lindane lindano piperacillin malathion malatin praziquantel mebendazole mebendazol primaquine meglumine antimoniato quinacrine antimonite de meglumina tinidazole

Diuretics/Diurticos acetazolamide acetazolamida hydrochloro- hidroclorofurosemide furosemida thiazide tiazida Statins (lipid-lowering medications)/Estatinas (hipolipemiantes) atorvastatin atorvastatina simvastatin simvastatina lovastatin lovastatina Miscellaneous/Otros frmacos digoxin digoxina nitroglycerin nitroglicerina

metronidazol permetrina piperacilina praziquantel primaquina quinacrina tinidazol

warfarin warfarina (Coumadin) (Coumadina)

Dietary/Diettico Vitamins/Vitaminas ascorbic acid cido ascrbico beta-carotene betacaroteno folic acid cido flico multivitamins multivitaminas Minerals/Minerales calcium chronium copper fluoride

Cardiovascular/Cardiovascular Ace inhibitors/Inhibidores de la ECA captopril captopril enalapril enalapril Beta blockers/Beta bloqueadores atenolol atenolol metoprolol metoprolol

lisinopril lisinopril ramipril ramipril

niacin riboflavin thiamin vitamin A (E, etc.)

niacina riboflavina tiamina vitamina A (E, etc.)

propranolol propranolol timolol timolol

Calcium channel blockers/Bloqueadores de canal de calcio nifedipine nifedipina verapamil verapamil

calcio cromo cobre flor (fluoruro) iron hierro magnesium magnesio

manganese molybdenum phosphorus potassium selenium sulfur zinc

manganeso molibdeno fsforo potasio selenio azufre zinc

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41

Miscellaneous/Otros frmacos aspartame aspartama glucosamine glucosamina carbohydrate carbohidrato glucose glucosa cholesterol colesterol maltose maltosa condroitin condroitin protein protena creatinine creatinina saccharin sacarina enzymes enzimas sodium sodio fat (oil) grasa (aceite) starch almidn fiber fibra sucrose sacarosa (dietary) diettica vinegar vinagre fructose fructosa wax cera

Gynecologic/Ginecolgico contraceptives anticonceptivos estrogen estrgeno progesterone progesterona

Neurologic/Neurlogic diazepam diacepam melatonin melatonina paroxetine paroxetina sertraline sertralina

Otic and optic/tico y ptico carbamide perxido de peroxide carbamida saline salino

Dermatologic/Dermatlogico collagen colgeno diphen- difenhydramine hidramina hydro- hidrocortisone cortisona (steroid) (esteroide)

Respiratory/Respiratorio albuterol chlorphenamine codeine dextromethorphan epinephrine albuterol clorfenamina codena dextrometorfano epinefrina guaifenesin loratadine oxygen prednisone pseudoephedrine guaifenesina loratadina oxgeno prednisona seudoefedrina

Endocrine/Endocrino glyburide gliburida insulin insulina metformin metformina

Gastrointestinal/Gastrointestinal antiacids anticidos atropine atropina lansoprazole lansoprazol omeprazole omeprazol rantidine ranitidina

Urinary/Urinario sildenafil sildenafilo terazosin terazosina

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43

MEDICAL PROCEDURES/PROCEDIMIENTOS
acupuncture arthroscopy biopsy caesarean catheterization cauterization circumcision colposcopy endoscopy enema episiotomy filling (tooth) first aid acupuntura artroscopa biopsia cesrea cateterismo cauterizacin circuncisin colposcopa endoscopa enema episiotoma relleno primeros auxilios graft injerto hemodialysis hysterectomy incision injection intubation liposuction mastectomy operation root canal spinal tap sterilization tracheotomy transfusion vaccination

MDICOS

hemodilisis histerectoma incisin inyeccin intubacin liposuccin mastectoma operacin endodoncia puncin raqudea esterilizacin traqueotoma transfusin vacunacin

PATIENT ITEMS (OUTPATIENT, ETC.)/ARTICULOS PACIENTE (PACIENTES EXTERNOS, ETC.)


bedpan cane crutches eyeglasses chata bastn muletas lentes (anteojos) hearing aid audfono mask (oxygen) pacemaker urinal walker

DEL

mascarilla marcapaso orinal caminador (andador) wheelchair silla de ruedas

TRANSPORTATION AND TREATMENT CENTERS/TRANSPORTE Y


CENTROS DE TRATAMIENTO

ambulancia asilo clnica puesto de salud emergency room sala de emergencia (urgencias) hospice hospicio ambulance asylum clinic dispensary

hospital hospital nursery guardera infantil nursing asilo de home ancianos office consultorio (doctors) mdico orphanage orfanato pharmacy farmacia

Tome la medicina hasta que se termine.

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45

SPECIALTIES (SPECIALISTS)/ESPECIALIDADES

(ESPECIALISTAS)
anesthesiology (anesthetist) biochemistry (biochemist) chiropractic (chiropractor) dentistry (dentist) dermatology (dermatologist) family medicine (family doctor) epidemiology (epidemiologist) gastroenterology (gastroenterologist) gynecology (gynecologist) internal medicine (internist) microbiology (microbiologist) neurology (neurologist) nursing (nurse, aid) oncology anestesiologa (anestesilogo) bioqumica (bioqumico) quiroprctica (quiroprctico) odontologa (odontlogo, dentista) dermatologa (dermatlogo) medicina familiar (mdico familiar) epidemiologa (epidemilogo) gastroenterologa (gastroenterlogo) ginecologa (gineclogo) medicina interna (internista) microbiologa (microbilogo) neurologa (neurlogo) enfermera (enfermera, auxiliary) oncologa

(oncologist) ophthalmology (ophthalmologist) orthopedics (orthopedist) osteopathy (osteopath) otolaryngology (otolaryngologist) pathology (pathologist) pediatrics (pediatrician) pharmacology (pharmacologist, pharmacist) physiotherapy (physical therapist) plastic surgery (plastic surgeon) podiatry (podiatrist) psychiatry (psychiatrist) radiography (radiologist) surgery (surgeon) urology (urologist)

(onclogo) oftalmologa (oftalmlogo, oculista) ortopedia (ortopedista) osteopata (ostepata) otorrinolaringologa (otorrinolaringlogo) patologa (patlogo) pediatra (pedatra) farmacologa (farmaclogo, farmacutico) fisioterapia (fisioterapista) ciruga plstica (cirujano plstico) podiatra (podatra) psiquiatra (psiquiatra) radiologa (radilogo) ciruga (cirujano) urologa (urlogo)

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OTHER MEDICAL TERMS/OTROS


abuse ailment antibody aseptic birth carrier case chart conception contagious cure death diet disabled person ejaculation epidemic erection euthanasia evil eye fetus follow-up (medical) gene hazardous waste health fair

TRMINOS MDICOS

abuso hygiene dolencia immunity anticuerpo infertility asptico life nacimiento medical portador campaign caso medical expediente record mdico menopause concepcin outbreak contagioso pathogenic curacin period muerte prognosis dieta puberty invlido recuperation eyaculacin relapse epidemia risk ereccin sexually eutanasia transmitted mal de ojo disease feto sexual seguimiento relations mdico syndrome gen tattoo desechos bioterrorism infecciosos twin (identical) feria de la virulence salud vital signs

higiene inmunidad infertilidad vida jornada mdica registro mdico menopausia brote patgeno regla pronstico pubertad recuperacin recada riesgo enfermedad sexualmente transmitida relaciones sexuales sndrome tatuaje bioterrorismo gemelo virulencia signos vitales

Acknowledgements
We appreciate the talents and efforts of Ricardo Arriaza, Paco Sagastume, Damaris Mafut, Tanya Romn, Pamela Escalante, and Camille Bentley, for proofreading the manuscript. Ricardo was born in Guatemala and is presently employed at NSU-COM. Paco is a resident of Guatemala and has been active in coordinating medical relief work for approximately 15 years. Damaris Mafut and Tanya Romn are currently residents, and Pamela Escalante is a physician assistant-certified. Camille Bentley is a board-certified physician in Family Medicine at Rocky Vista University. Special appreciation is extended to Gustavo A. Saldias (Associator Director of NSU AHEC Program) for his contributions to the development of this manual.

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Medical Outreach Spanish: The Barest of Basics 2007 Lauritz A. Jensen Current Address Midwestern University 19555 N. 59th Ave Glendale, AZ 85308

Una muchacha con psoriasis, una condicin crnica.

Varios tipos de bacterias y viruses provocan la conjuntivitis.

Se desconoce la causa de la elefantiasis en esta seora.

Un posible caso de imptigo en un joven.

La tia (hongo) de cuero cabelludo.

lceras en la piel de la pierna (leishmaniasis cutnea).

La tia de la piel lampia del brazo.

Un caso de escabiosis en un nio con sndrome de Down.

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