WHIRLING OF SHAFT APPARATUS

AIM:
To study the whirl phenomenon of shaft for different end conditions.

DESCRIPTION:
The apparatus consists of a frame to support driving motor,end fixing blocks, sliding blocks etc, variable speed motor with speed control unit. Following shafts are supplied with the unit
1. 4 mm dia of length 90cm 2. 6 mm dia of length 90cm 3. 8 mm dia of length 90cm

End fixing arrangement: At motor end as well as tail end different end conditions can be developed by making use of different fixing blocks.
1. Supported end condition-make use of end block with single self aligning bearing. 2. Fixed end condition-make use of end block with double bearing.

Guards: The guards can be fixed at any position on the supporting bars. Speed control and drive motor: The driving motor is AC/DC, 1/6 HP, 6000 rpm, motor and speed controller is dimmerstat. Whirling of elastic shaft: If L=length of shaft in cm E=Youngs modulus in kg/cm2 I=second moment of area of shaft in cm4 w=weight of the shaft per unit length in kg/cm g=acceleration due to gravity in cm/sec2 Then the frequency of vibration for the various nodes is given by the equation for the various nodes is given by the equation

PRECAUTION TO BE OBSERVED IN EXPERIMENTS:

A. If the revolutions of an unloaded shaft are gradually increased, it will be found that a certain speed will be reached at which violent instability will occure the shaft deflecting into a single bow and whirling round like a skipping rope. If this speed is maintained the deflection will become so largethat the shaft will be fractured, but if this speed is quickly through the shaft will become straight again and run true untill at another higher speed the same phenomena will occure, the deflection now however being double bow and so on. Such speeds are called critical speeds of whirling. B. It is advisable to increase the speed of the shaft rapidly and pass through the critical speeds first rather

than observing the first critical speed which increases the speed of rotation slowly.in this process there is a possibility that the amplitude of vibration will increase suddenly bringing thefailure of the shaft. If however, the shaft speed is taken to maximum first and then slowly reduced, (thus not allowing time to build up the amplitude of vibration at resonance) higher mode will be observedfirst and corresponding speed is noted and then by reducing the speed further the next mode of lower frequency can be observed without any danger of rise in amplitude as the speed being decreased and inertia forces are smaller in comparison with the bending spring forces hence possibility of build up of dangerous amplitudes at resonnce or near resonance is avoided. C. Thus it can be seen that it is a destructive test of shafts and it is observed that the elasticbehaviour of the shaft material changes a little after testing it for a few times and it is advisable therefore , to use fresh shaft samples afterwards.

PROCEDURE:
1. Measure the dia of the shaft. 2. Fix the shaft on the apparatus. 3. Switch on the apparatus to attain a steady speed for first node formation. 4. Increase the speed until single shape node is obtained. 5. Wait until rpm is steady. 6. Now again increase the speed to obtain the second node. 7. Wait until rpm is steady. 8. Now change the end conditions and repeat the whole procedure.

TYPICAL TEST OBSERVATIONS:

a. Both ends of shafts free(supported) 1st and 2nd mode of vibration can be observed on 4 mm shaft dia at speed= rpm b. One end fixed and other end free 1st and 2nd mode of vibration can be observed on 4 mm shaft dia at speed= rpm c. Both ends of the shafts fixed 2nd mode of vibration cant be obtained. 1st mode of vibration can be observed on 4 mm shaft dia at speed= ..rpm

RESULT: INFERENCE: