Code No: R5410204

IV B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) On what factor does the choice of a computation method depend in the Determination of optimum distribution of load among the units. (b) Dene the control variables, disturbance variables, state variables. [8+8] 2. Draw the ow chart for obtaining optimal scheduling of generating units by neglecting the transmission losses. [16] 3. Explain about Hydro thermal co-ordination with necessary equations. [16]

4. An inter connector with inductive reactance of 25 ohms and negligible resistance of two units of generation with voltages are 33KV and 30KV at its ends. The load of 6MW is to be transferred from 33KV to 30KV side of a inter connector determine the power factor of power transmitter and other necessary conditions between two ends. [16] 5. An isolated power station has the following parameters Generator inertia constant=5 second Governor time constant g =0.2 seconds Turbine time constant T =0.5 seconds Governor speed regulation=0.05 per unit The load varies by 0.8 % for a load 1 % change in frequency, i.e., B=0.8. The turbine rated output is 250 MW at a nominal frequency of 60 Hz. A sudden load change of 50 MW occurs in the system. Find the steady frequency deviation in Hz. [16] 6. Two areas are connected via an inter tie line. The load at 50 Hz, is 15000 MW in area 1 and 35000 in area 2. Area 1 is importing 1500 MW from area 2. The load damping constant in each area is B=1.0 and the regulation R=6 % for all units. Area 1 has a spinning reserve of 800 MW spread over 4000 MW of generation capacity and area 2 has a spinning reserve of 1000 MW spread over 10000 MW generation. Determine the steady state frequency, generation and load of each area and tie-line power for (a) Loss of 1000 MW in area2, with no supplementary control. (b) Loss of 1000 MW in area2, with supplementary controls provided on generators with reserve. [8+8] 7. Discuss in detail the economic dispatch control in a single area load frequency control. 8. (a) Describe the eects of connecting the series capacitors in transmission system. (b) A short transmission line having an impedance of (2+j3) ohms interconnects two power stations A and B both operating at 11 kV; equal in magnitude and phase. To transfer 25 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging from A to B determine the voltage boost required at plant A. [8+8] [16]

Code No: R5410204

IV B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) What is Production cost of power generated and incremental fuel rate? (b) Write the expression for hourly loss of economy resulting from error in Incremental cost representation. [8+8] 2. Write algorithm for economic allocation of generation among generators of a thermal system taking into account transmission losses with derive necessary equations. [16] 3. Explain about Hydro thermal co-ordination with necessary equations. [16]

4. Two generating stations A and B have full load capacities of 500MW and 210MW respectively. The inter connector connecting the two stations has an induction motor / synchronous generator (plant C) of full load capacity 50 MW near station A percentage changes of speeds of A, B and C are 5,4 and 2.5 respectively. The loads on bus bars A and B are 250MW and 100MW respectively. Determine the load taken by the set C and indicate the direction of power ow. [16] 5. A single area consists of two generators with the following parameters: Generator 1 = 1200 MVA; R=6 % (on machine base) Generator 2 = 1000 MVA; R=4 % (on machine base) The units are sharing 1800 MW at normal frequency 50 Hz. Unit supplies 1000 MW and unit 2 supplies 800 MW. The load now increased by 200 MW. (a) Find steady state frequency and generation of each unit if B=0. (b) Find steady state frequency and generation of each unit if B=1.5. [8+8]

6. Give typical block diagram for a two-area system inter connected by a tie line and explain each block. Also deduce relations to determine the frequency of oscillations of tie line power and static frequency drop. List out assumptions made. [16] 7. Describe how optimal control can be determined in case of load frequency control problem. [16] 8. A load of (15+j10) MVA is supplied with a power from generating station from a line at 110 kV, 3- , 50 Hz. The length of the line is 100 km. The line is represented by -model with the parameters R=26.4 ohms X=33.9 ohms B=219 10 - 6 ohms The voltage at the generating end is 116 kV. Determine the power supplied by the generating station. [16]

Code No: R5410204

IV B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Two units each of 200 MW in a thermal power plant are operating all the time throughout the year. The maximum and minimum load on each unit is 200 MW and 50 MW respectively. The incremental fuel characteristics for the two units are given as dC1 = 15 + 0.08 PG1 Rs./ MWhr dPG1 dC2 = 13 + 0.1 PG2 Rs./ MWhr dPG2 If the total load varies between 100 MW and 400 MW, nd the incremental fuel cost and allocation of load between two units. [16] 2. Give algorithm for economic allocation of generation among generators of a thermal system taking into account transmission losses. Give steps for implementing this algorithm and also derive necessary equations. [16] 3. Derive the co-ordination equation for the optimal scheduling of hydro-thermal interconnected power plants. [16] 4. Draw the block diagram of a power system showing the governor, turbine and syn.generator, indicating their transfer functions. For a step disturbance of PD , obtain the response of increment in frequency, making suitable assumptions. (a) Without proportional plus integral controller and (b) With proportional plus integral control. [8+8]

5. An isolated power station has the following parameters Generator inertia constant=5 second Governor time constant g =0.2 seconds Turbine time constant T =0.5 seconds Governor speed regulation=R per unit The load varies by 0.8 % for a load 1 % change in frequency, i.e., B=0.8. Find the range of R for the stability of the system using Routh-Hurwitz array. [16] 6. (a) Explain how the tie-line power deviation can be incorporated in two-area system block diagram. (b) What are the features of the dynamic response of a two area system for step load disturbances? [8+8] 7. Explain the proportional plus integral control for load frequency control of a single area system. [16] 8. (a) Describe the eects of connecting the series capacitors in transmission system. (b) A short transmission line having an impedance of (2+j3) ohms interconnects two power stations A and B both operating at 11 kV; equal in magnitude and phase. To transfer 25 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging from A to B determine the voltage boost required at plant A. [8+8]

Code No: R5410204

IV B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. Incremental fuel costs in rupees per megawatt hour for two units are given by dF1 dF = 0.1P1 + 20 and dP2 = 0.12P2 + 10 dP1 2 the maximum and minimum loads on each unit are to 25MW and 120MW, respectively. Determine the incremental fuel cost and the allocation of load between units for minimum cost when the loads are: (a) 100MW (b) 150MW. [16]

2. (a) The incremental fuel costs for the two plants are given by dc1 = 0.2p1 + 45 dp1 dc2 = 0.25p1 + 34 dp2 Where C is in Rs/hr and P is in MW. If both units operate at all times and maximum and minimum loads on each are 100 MW and 20MW respectively, determine the economic load schedule of the plants for the loads of 80 MW and 180 MW. Neglect the line losses. [8+8] (b) Write short notes on: Physical interpretation of co-ordination equation. 3. Explain the problem of scheduling hydro - thermal power plants and What are the constraints in the problem? [16] 4. Draw and explain the block diagram of IEEE type -1 excitation model. [16]

5. Two generating stations A and B have full load capacities of 200 MW and 75 MW respectively. The inter connector connecting the two stations has an induction motor/synchronous generator (plant C) of full load capacity of 25 MW. Percentage changes in speeds of A, B and C are 5, 4 and 3 respectively. The loads on the bus bars of A and B are 75 MW and 30 MW respectively. Determine the load taken by the set C and indicate the direction in which the energy is owing. [16] 6. Two control areas connected by a tie line have the following characteristics. Area 1 R=0.01 pu D=0.8 pu Base MVA=2000 Area 2 R=0.02 pu D=1.0 pu Base MVA=500

A load change of 100 MW (0.2 pu) occurs in area 2. What is the new steady state frequency and what is the change in the tie ow? Assume both areas were at nominal frequency (60 Hz) to begin. [16] 7. Discuss the merits of proportional plus integral load frequency control of a system with a neat block diagram. [16] 8. A 3- overhead line has resistance and reactance per phase of 25 and 90 respectively. The supply voltage is 145 kV while the load end voltage is maintained at 132 kV for all loads by an automatically controlled synchronous phase modier. If the kVAr rating of the modier has the same value for zero loads as for a load of 50 MW, nd the rating of the Synchronous Phase modier. [16]