Topic Power and team building

Submitted to: Mr. Rohit Bansal (Lect. In MBA deptt. )

Submitted by: Mahek jain Roll no-23

Vaish College of Engineering, (Rohtak)

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POWER & TEAM BUILDING

MEANING:Power means capacity of an individual to influence the behaviour of others. In other words, if a person has power he can definitely enforce his decisions on others. On the other hand, if an individual does not have power noone will listen to his view point. For example: A managers power may be identified in terms of his capacity to promise reward, give reward, warning to withdraw current reward. If youre attending college on funds totally provided by your parents, you probably recognize the power that they hold over you. Youre dependent on them for financial support. But once youre out of school, have a job, and are making a good income, your parents power is reduced significantly.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POWER,AUTHORITY AND INFLUENCE

The terms power, authority and influence are often used synonymously, there is a difference between them. Power is the ability to effect a change in an individual or a group in some way. Power may or may not be legitimate. That is, power need not correspond with a person's organizational position. Authority, on the other hand, is legitimate. It is the power which is sanctioned by the organization and is often the 'source' of power. Influence is a much broader concept than both power and authority.

SOURCES/TYPES OF POWER
Johan French and Bertram Raven have identified five sources or types of power which may occur at all levels of the organization. These are as follows:

REWARD POWER :-

Reward power means capacity of an individual to give reward to others for carrying out his instructions or performing to the desired level.These rewards can either be financial such as raises pay rates, bonuses etc. & non-financial including recognition, promotions etc.

COERCIVE POWER :-

Coercive power means capacity of an individual to punish someone for not carrying out his order & not meeting job requirements properly. The coercive power is based on fear. One reacts to this power out of fear of the negative results that might occur if one failed to comply.

LEGITIMATE POWER :-

Legitimate power is based on formal rights that a person receives as a result of holding a position in an organization. This is also known as positional power.

EXPERT POWER :- Expert power is based on the concept that

a person has expert knowledge regarding a particular area which others dont have. For instance, a doctor has expert power over his patient , a lawyer has expert power over his clients & also teacher has expert power over his students. Similarly computer specialists, economists, industrial psychologists & other specialists also have a power as a result of their expertise.

REFERENT POWER :- Referent Power is based upon the

identification with the person who has the resources, or the desire to be like that person. It could be regarded as imitative power, which is often seen in the way children imitate their parents.For example, a manager will have referent power over the subordinates if they are motivated to emulate his work habits.

DEPENDENCY: THE KEY TO POWER

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 The

General

Dependency

Postulate
-The greater Bs dependency on A, the greater the power A has over B. -Possession/Control of scarce organization resources that others need makes a manager powerful. -Access to optional resource (e.g., multiple suppliers) reduces the resource holders power.

What creates dependency

-Importance of the resource to the organization -Scarcity of the resource -Nonsubstitutability of the resource

FACES OF POWER
David McClelland have identified two faces of power:1) Positive face of power 2) Negative face of power 1) Positive face of power :- Positive face of power is concern for group goals-for helping to formulate and achieve such goals. It involves exerting influence on behalf of rather than over others. 2) Negative face of power :- Negative face of power is usually expressed in terms of dominance-submission; I win,you lose. It implies having power over another person who is less well off for lack of it.

POWER TACTICS
Ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions Research has identified nine distinct influence tactics:

1)

Legitimacy:-

Relying on ones authority position or stressing that a

request is in accordance with organizational policies or rules.

2)

Rational persuasion:-

Presenting logical arguments and factual

evidence to demonstrate that a request is reasonable.

3)

Inspirational appeals:-

Developing emotional commitment by

appealing to a targets values, needs, hopes, and aspirations.

4)

Consultation:-

Increasing the targets motivation and support by

involving him or her in deciding how the plan or change will be done.

5)

Exchange:- Rewarding the target with benefits or favors

following a request.

in exchange for

6)

Personal appeals:loyalty.

Asking for compliance based on friendship or

7)

Ingratiation:making a request.

Using flattery, praise, or friendly behaviour prior to

8)

Pressure:- Using warnings, repeated demands, and threats. Coalitions:Enlisting the aid of other people to persuade the target or

9)

using the support of others as a reason for the target to agree. 5

POWER IN GROUPS: COALITIONS

Coalition
Clusters of individuals who temporarily come together to a achieve a specific purpose. Seek to maximize their size to attain influence. Seek a broad and diverse constituency for support of their objectives. Occur more frequently in organization with high task & resource interdependencies. Occur more frequently if tasks are standardized and routine.

SOURCES/TYPES OF POWER
Johan French and Bertram Raven have identified five sources or types of power which may occur at all levels of the organization. These are as follows: REWARD POWER :- Reward power means capacity of an individual to give reward to others for carrying out his instructions or performing to the desired level.These rewards can either be financial such as raises pay rates, bonuses etc. & non-financial including recognition, promotions etc. COERCIVE POWER :- Coercive power means capacity of an individual to punish someone for not carrying out his order & not meeting job requirements properly. The coercive power is based on fear. One reacts to this power out of fear of the negative results that might occur if one failed to comply.

LEGITIMATE POWER :- Legitimate power is based on formal rights that a person receives as a result of holding a position in an organization. This is also known as positional power.

EXPERT POWER :- Expert power is based on the concept that a person has expert knowledge regarding a particular area which others dont have. For instance, a doctor has expert power over his patient , a lawyer has expert power over his clients & also teacher has expert power over his students. Similarly computer specialists, economists, industrial psychologists & other specialists also have a power as a result of their expertise.

REFERENT POWER :- Referent Power is based upon the identification with the person who has the resources, or the desire to be like that person. It could be regarded as imitative power, which is often seen in the way children imitate their parents.For example, a manager will have referent power over the subordinates if they are motivated to emulate his work habits.

DEPENDENCY: THE KEY TO POWER

The General Dependency Postulate
-The greater Bs dependency on A, the greater the power A has over B. -Possession/Control of scarce organization resources that others need makes a manager powerful. -Access to optional resource (e.g., multiple suppliers) reduces the resource holders power.

What creates dependency

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-Importance of the resource to the organization

-Scarcity of the resource -Nonsubstitutability of the resource

FACES OF POWER
David McClelland have identified two faces of power:1. Positive face of power 2. Negative face of power Positive face of power :- Positive face of power is concern for group goals-for helping to formulate and achieve such goals. It involves exerting influence on behalf of rather than over others. Negative face of power :- Negative face of power is usually expressed in terms of dominance-submission; I win,you lose. It implies having power over another person who is less well off for lack of it.

POWER TACTICS Ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions. Research has identified nine distinct influence tactics: 1. Legitimacy:- Relying on ones authority position or stressing that a request is in accordance with organizational policies or rules. 2. Rational persuasion:- Presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate that a request is reasonable.

3. Inspirational appeals:- Developing emotional commitment by appealing to a targets values, needs, hopes, and aspirations. 4. Consultation:- Increasing the targets motivation and support by involving him or her in deciding how the plan or change will be done. 5. Exchange:- Rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request. 6. Personal appeals:- Asking for compliance based on friendship or loyalty. 7. Ingratiation:- Using flattery, praise, or friendly behaviour prior to making a request. 8. Pressure:- Using warnings, repeated demands, and threats. 9. Coalitions:- Enlisting the aid of other people to persuade the target or using the support of others as a reason for the target to agree. POWER IN GROUPS: COALITIONS Coalition Clusters of individuals who temporarily come together to a achieve a specific purpose. Seek to maximize their size to attain influence. Seek a broad and diverse constituency for support of their objectives. Occur more frequently in organization with high task & resource interdependencies. Occur more frequently if tasks are standardized and routine.

Team building
It is one of the most important organizational development techniques which is used to improve the efficiency & problem solving skill of a group within the organization. 1. Team Buliding considt of a borad range of activites that helps the group members improve the way they perform their task & help to improve their productivity Team building techniques is used to slove some specific p roblem such as :

1. When there is lack of co-ordination among group members. 2. When there is loss of productivity. 3. lack of participation in group meetings. 4. Role conflict 5. Lack of innovation &creativity.
6. Complaints are increasing day by day within group. 7. Lack of effective communication. 10

So team building has become a popular technique of management and organization behavior.

Meaning:
Group are formed where member interact to share information and to make decision within the specific area of responsibility. Team is different from group. A team is a cross functional group of employee with focused objectives and autonomy is achieving them. Team building activates for the two types of groups (Called family group and special groups activity)

Definition:
According to john R.katzenbach: A team is a small number if people with committed to a commman purpose, performance goal, and approach for which they hold themselves matually accountable Process: At lupin Laboratories , team building consisits of five phases: 1. Selection: 2. Grooming 3. Training 4. Apprasial

1.Selection: First of all , screening was done to short list the people who would actually be part of the teams executives with superior performance were selected.

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. Grooming:

The focus during this stages was on business managers a

vitial module was created to identify the challenges before the company and the over all corporate strategies.

3.

Training: After funcutional expertise , the team member were trained for a

month is Leadership skills. Desigened to delevop team spirit , have communication skill and build bonds within the company . tranining includes different ways , verbal behavior , listing and questioning ,public speaking , presentation skill and non _verbal communication.

4.

Apprasial:

A five say process based on self evaluation and colleagues

evaluation; the programme focused on the ability of team members to recall, concept , retention . seriousness , acceptance of feed back , identification with company , assessing other correctly, observation powers and so on. Advantages: Team building offers the following benefits: It improves the problem solving and decision making skill of an organization It result in effective interpersonal relationship, It facilities interpersonal and intergroup communication. Team building improves attainment It result in effective Co-ordination among employee in an organization organizational climate and contributes to goal

Limitations:
Team building focuses only on working group and fails to consider technology , structure and other organizational variables . It becomes a complicated excersies when new group are formed , because confusion arise in the role and relationship among members, 12

Essential of effective teams :

Trust Enthusiasion Ambition to succeed

Trust
assurances.

High performance feams are characterized by high matual

turst among member this feeling of turst among member . This feeling of trust depends upon fullness transparency and readiness to fulfil promise and

Enthusiasion:
known to man.

Without enthusiasion nothing great

was

ever achieved hot only is it contagious , it is also the greatest motivator Ambition to succeed: The buring inner drive to achive the predetermined goal must be area in each of the team member.

Our team building programmes Team Tasks competitive team building games relying on creative,
physical, artistic and analytical inputs from the team to achieve the solutions.

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Go FAR - to inspire all who participate to find ways of making their work fun
whilst developing a positive attitude to their job, colleagues and wider role within the organisation.

Lights, Camera, Action!

- get your creative heads on and,

with the help of a film crew, props and a variety of film treatments to choose from, your team has a set time in which to put together an entertaining commercial that involves the whole team in writing, acting and directing the final shots.

Paint A Perfect Picture - An artistic challenge that builds on

team co-operation as well as individual skills to achieve the common goal of recreating a masterpiece.

Rally Racers and frantic team event.

this motorsport themed team building event puts

planning, marketing and communication as well as driving skills to the test in a fast

Strength Deployment Inventory (SDI): Psychometric exercises Psychometric exercises work as a self discovery tool to improve relationships within teams and organisations. The Strength Deployment Inventory (SDI), by highlighting strengths across the team, can have an immediate and long lasting impact on improving the quality of these relationships. A Strength Deployment Inventory can show clearly why certain people have the impact on us they do and how we may be impacting on them. Participants also learn how to recognise issues in relationships and how to communicate in more flexible and effective ways. By relating to people in a way that respects their motivations, you increase the chance that any potential conflict will be prevented. However, with early recognition interpersonal conflict, when managed correctly, can contribute to creative solutions and stronger relationships. 14

Psychometric exercises overview: The Strength Deployment Inventory is a questionnaire-based psychometric exercise that presents participants with a series of statements and asks them to allocate points depending on how they feel about the statement. At the end of the series of statements, a personal score enables participants to plot their results on a chart. Results include motivational values as well as preferences for dealing with conflict. The results for the whole team can be combined to show the range of strengths and values across the group. There are no "right" or "wrong" answers - the exercise should be seen as an opportunity to take stock of motivational values as a basis for how an individual feels and acts in different situations. After participants have completed their inventories, a facilitated discussion examines how to use these strengths effectively to improve working or personal relationships with others. The Strength Deployment Inventory is protected by worldwide copyright and is registered to Personal Strengths Publishing Inc. For further information

Motivational Corporate Events Financial incentives can be powerful but their effect can be short-lived and that is why our employee motivation activities will prove so valuable for your staff and ultimately, your business. A motivational corporate event offers a unique experience and creates a long-lasting memory that will be talked about throughout the office, inspiring others to achieve similar rewards.

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Some of our employee motivation activities are listed here, but our imagination is limitless and we'd love to create a completely new motivational corporate event for your team. Corporate Activity Days A multi activity day is a great way to build teams. It gives your team the chance to try new things, get to know each other and have fun - a really great way to develop the organisation. Our corporate activity day packages are designed to suit you Our professional events staff put together tailor-made multi activity days that are designed to suit the number of people, your budget or your location. Our multi activity events can include motorised activities such as off road driving or quad biking, field activities such as archery or clay pigeon shooting, inflatable fun including giant inflatable volleyball and human table football, or some fun competitive games such as giant Scalextric or radio controlled airships. We can also arrange a programme for the kids including bouncy castles, Human Off Archery Giant Helicopter Radio-Controlled Giant Clay Quad Tethered hot air balloon rides Inflatable Pigeon Rides Airships Volleyball Shooting Bikes Scalextric Table Road Football Driving

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face painting or funfair stalls.

References :

www.soclogy.org.rtk www.ice.new.in www.google.com

T.N chabra Cosult notes

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