Solve, Visualize, and Explore Your Equations with Mathematica

One Computing Software for Studying, Teaching, and Doing Research

Mathematica includes the world's largest collection of numerical and symbolic equation capabilities. Over 2700 built-in functions with more than 1000 tutorials help you solve mathematical problems from the easiest to the most complex.

With Mathematica You Can:

Solve equations and compute anything related to any area of mathematics, from algebra and calculus to statistics and differential equations Visualize equations and inequalities, or analyze numerical data Explore math and science with interactive Demonstrations Choose the Mathematica for you

Are you a researcher, educator, or student? Below are some examples of how Mathematica can help you.

1. Solve ANY Equation in Mathematica

With the predefined functions in Mathematica you can easily get exact or numerical solutions, reduce equations and inequalities, find roots, or solve systems of equations

Solving Equations with Mathematica is Simple!

With easy-to-remember commands you can quickly get what you need. For

simultaneously:

Linear, quadratic, cubic, or higher-order polynomial equations Differential and partial differential equations Logarithmic and exponential equations Trigonometric equations Simultaneous equations and inequalities Complex polynomial systems

example, type this equation and press Shift-Enter:

and this is the result:

2. Graph Equations, Functions, and Data in 2D or 3D

You can create high-resolution 2D and 3D visualizations of equations or any function data with Mathematica's complete, automated process. Equation graphing in 4 steps: 1. Just type an easy-toremember command, like ContourPlot3D or
RegionPlot

2. Add your function, equation, or inequality 3. Specify value ranges for x, y, and z 4. Press Shift-Enter You can also:

Display multiple functions or datasets Export to 2D and 3D graphics, vectors, and video formats

3. Explore Function Parameters Interactively

In Mathematica you can use customized interfaces that explore equations, mathematical functions, or complex models and data. With this interactive quadraticequation Demonstration, you can see how changing the coefficients in the quadratic equation a2x2+a1x+a0 affects the shape of the plot.

You can find thousands of ready-to-use, downloadable Demonstrations created by scientific researchers at the Wolfram Demonstrations Project. You can also make your own Demonstrations with the Manipulate command.

Keep all your calculations in one place. Do research. Prepare reports. All with Mathematica. Choose the right Mathematica version for you and start solving your equations now! Student for high school, college, university, and graduate school students Classroom for high school and community college teachers Professional for academic educators, researchers, or government workers

Not ready to buy yet? Learn more about:

Mathematica Capabilities New Features in Mathematica 7 Tutorial Screencasts Portraits of Success with Mathematica The Wolfram Demonstrations Project Teaching with Mathematica

Are you looking for a site-wide licensing solution for your class, school, university, or company? Contact us. Mathematica not only has systemwide support for arbitrary Unicode characters, but also includes nearly a thousand carefully designed characters for mathematical notation and technical presentationall fully integrated into Mathematica's input, output and graphics. Esc nnn Esc or \[Name] named character (e.g. , Esc a Esc, \[Alpha]) Insert Special Character palette of all named special characters Mathematica Syntax ... \[Degree] \[ImaginaryI] \[Times] \[Element] \[Rule] ... Greek Letters ... \[Alpha] \[CurlyTheta] \[CapitalDelta] \[Sampi] ... Notational Alphabets ... \[ScriptA] \[ScriptCapitalA] \[GothicA] \[FormalA] \[Aleph] ... Mathematical Notation ... \[Integral] \[Sum] \[Del] \[ForAll] \[CirclePlus] ... Arrows & Arrow-Like Forms ... \[RightArrow] \[LongRightArrow] \[DoubleRightArrow] \[LeftRightArrow] ... Textual Forms - " " ... \[Dash] \[LongDash] \[Bullet] \[Copyright] ... Currency, Units and Special Notations ... \[Euro] \[Sterling] \[Micro] \[Mars] \[Natural] ... User Interfaces & Documentation ...

Shapes, Icons, etc. ... \[FilledSquare] \[EmptySquare] \[HappySmiley] ... Non-Printing Characters \[ThinSpace] \[NonBreakingSpace] \[InvisibleComma] \[AlignmentMarker] ... International Characters ... \[EAcute] \[ODoubleDot] \[CHacek] ... ToCharacterCode FromCharacterCode CharacterRange FullForm show characters in their full named form \nn, \:nnnn enter octal or Unicode forms Esc \alpha Esc, Esc Α Esc, etc. enter TEX, HTML, SGML, etc. forms TUTORIALS

Notebooks as Documents Keyboard Shortcut Listing

MORE ABOUT

Mathematical Typesetting Listing of All Special Characters Character Operations Notation Package

Mathematica Syntax Characters The syntax of the Mathematica language is unique among modern languages in allowing not just ordinary ASCII characters, but also a variety of special characters that greatly increase readability and elegance, as well as correspondence with traditional mathematical notation. Arithmetic & Functions \[Times] multiplication sign, automatically added between numbers, etc. \[Divide] \[Sqrt] \[Piecewise] \[LeftFloor] Comparisons , , , = automatically converted from , <=, >=, \[LongEqual] alternative form equivalent to Constants \[Infinity] \[Pi] \[ExponentialE] \[ImaginaryI] \[Degree] Calculus, etc. \[PartialD] \[Integral] \[DifferentialD] \[Sum] \[Product] \[DifferenceDelta] \[DiscreteRatio] \[DiscreteShift]

Vectors & Matrices \[Cross] \[Transpose] * \[Conjugate] Logic \[And] \[Or] \[Not] \[Xor] \[Nand] \[Nor] \[Implies] \[Equivalent] Sets, etc. \[Element] \[ForAll] \[Exists] \[Union] \[Intersection] Rules \[Rule] automatically converted from -> \[RuleDelayed] automatically converted from :> Parts ... ... part specification, entered using Esc [[ Esc, Esc ]] Esc Pure Functions \[Function] pure function x body Invisible Syntax \[InvisibleComma] \[InvisibleTimes] \[ImplicitPlus] \[InvisibleApplication] separate a function and its argument, as in fx Operators without Built-in Meanings CirclePlus ( ) Wedge ( ) AngleBracket ( ) ... MORE ABOUT

Mathematica Syntax Mathematical Notation Characters Special Characters

Defining Custom NotationLetters and Letter-like Forms

Greek Letters

The complete collection of Greek letters in Mathematica. You can use Greek letters as the names of symbols. The only Greek letter with a built-in meaning in StandardForm is , which Mathematica takes to stand for the symbol Pi. Note that even though on its own is assigned a built-in meaning, combinations such as 2 or x have no built-in meanings.

The Greek letters and look very much like the operators for sum and product. But as discussed above, these operators are different characters, entered as \[Sum] and \ [Product] respectively. Similarly, is different from the operator \[Element], and is different from or \ [Micro]. Some capital Greek letters such as \[CapitalAlpha] look essentially the same as capital English letters. Mathematica however treats them as different characters, and in TraditionalForm it uses \[CapitalBeta], for example, to denote the built-in function Beta. Following common convention, lower-case Greek letters are rendered slightly slanted in the standard fonts provided with Mathematica, while capital Greek letters are unslanted. On Greek systems, however, Mathematica will render all Greek letters unslanted so that standard Greek fonts can be used. Almost all Greek letters that do not look similar to English letters are widely used in science and mathematics. The capital xi is rare, though it is used to denote the cascade hyperon particles, the grand canonical partition function and regular language complexity. The capital upsilon is also rare, though it is used to denote particles, as well as the vernal equinox. Curly Greek letters are often assumed to have different meanings from their ordinary counterparts. Indeed, in pure mathematics a single formula can sometimes contain both curly and ordinary forms of a particular letter. The curly pi is rare, except in astronomy. The final sigma is used for sigmas that appear at the ends of words in written Greek; it is not commonly used in technical notation. The digamma , koppa , stigma and sampi are archaic Greek letters. These letters provide a convenient extension to the usual set of Greek letters. They are sometimes needed in making correspondences with English letters. The digamma corresponds to an English w, and koppa to an English q. Digamma is occasionally used to denote the digamma function PolyGamma[x].

Variants of English Letters

Some commonly used variants of English letters.

By using menu items in the notebook front end, you can make changes in the font and style of ordinary text. However, such changes are usually discarded whenever you send input to the Mathematica kernel. Script, gothic and double-struck characters are, however, treated as fundamentally different from their ordinary forms. This means that even though a C that is italic or a different size will be considered equivalent to an ordinary C when fed to the kernel, a double-struck will not. Different styles and sizes of C are treated as the same by the kernel. But gothic and double-struck characters are treated as different. In[9]:= Out[9]= In standard mathematical notation, capital script and gothic letters are sometimes used interchangeably. The double-struck letters, sometimes called blackboard or openface letters, are conventionally used to denote specific sets. Thus, for example, conventionally denotes the set of complex numbers, and the set of integers. Dotless i and j are not usually taken to be different in meaning from ordinary i and j; they are simply used when overscripts are being placed on the ordinary characters. \[WeierstrassP] is a notation specifically used for the Weierstrass P function WeierstrassP. full names aliases \[ScriptA] - \[ScriptZ] sca scz lowercase script letters

\[ScriptCapitalA] - \[ScriptCapitalZ] scA \[GothicA] - \[GothicZ] goa scZ goz uppercase script letters lowercase gothic letters

\[GothicCapitalA] - \[GothicCapitalZ] goA \[DoubleStruckA] - \[DoubleStruckZ] dsa dsz lowercase double-struck letters goZ uppercase gothic letters

\[DoubleStruckCapitalA] - \[DoubleStruckCapitalZ] dsA \[FormalA] - \[FormalZ] $a $z lowercase formal letters dsZ uppercase double-struck letters

\[FormalCapitalA] - \[FormalCapitalZ] $A $Z uppercase formal letters

Complete alphabets of variant English letters.

Formal Symbols
Symbols represented by formal letters, or formal symbols, appear in the output of certain functions. They are indicated by gray dots above and below the English letter. DifferentialRoot automatically chooses the names for the function arguments. In[83]:= Out[83]= Formal symbols are Protected, so they cannot be accidentally assigned a value. Trying to modify a formal symbol fails. In[2]:= Out[2]= In[3]:= Out[3]= This means that expressions depending on formal symbols will not be accidentally modified. In[4]:= Out[4]= Specific values for formal symbols can be substituted using replacement rules. Verify that the defining equations hold for cosine. In[5]:= Out[5]= Formal symbols can be temporarily modified inside of a Block because Block clears all definitions associated with a symbol, including Attributes. Table works essentially like Block, thus also allowing temporary changes. Assign a temporary value to : In[6]:= Out[6]= In most situations modifying formal symbols is not necessary. Since in DifferentialRoot formal symbols are used as names for the formal parameters of a function, the function should simply be evaluated for the actual values of arguments. Evaluating the function substitutes x for and y for . In[7]:= Out[7]= It is possible to define custom typesetting rules for formal symbols. Use coloring to highlight formal symbols. In[84]:= In[86]:= Out[86]=

The formatting rules were attached to MakeBoxes. Restore the original formatting: In[87]:= In[88]:= Out[88]=

Hebrew Letters

Hebrew characters. Hebrew characters are used in mathematics in the theory of transfinite sets; example used to denote the total number of integers.
0

is for

Units and Letter-Like Mathematical Symbols

Units and letter-like mathematical symbols. Mathematica treats or \[Degree] as the symbol Degree, so that, for example, 30 is equivalent to 30Degree. Note that , and are all distinct from the ordinary letters (\[Mu]), (\[CapitalARing]) and (\[CapitalOSlash]). Mathematica interprets as Infinity, as E, and both and as I. The characters , and are provided as alternatives to the usual uppercase letters E and I. and are not by default assigned meanings in StandardForm. You can therefore use to represent a pi that will not automatically be treated as Pi. In TraditionalForm is interpreted as EulerGamma.

Operators that look like letters. is an operator while , and are ordinary symbols. In[1]:= Out[1]//FullForm=

Shapes, Icons and Geometrical Constructs

Shapes. Shapes are most often used as "dingbats" to emphasize pieces of text. But Mathematica treats them as letter-like forms, and also allows them to appear in the names of symbols. In addition to shapes such as \[EmptySquare], there are characters such as \[Square] which are treated by Mathematica as operators rather than letter-like forms.

Icons.

You can use icon characters just like any other letter-like forms. In[1]:= Out[1]=

Notation for geometrical constructs. Since Mathematica treats characters like as letter-like forms, constructs like BC are treated in Mathematica as single symbols.

Textual Elements

Characters used for punctuation and annotation.

Other characters used in text.

Characters used in building sequences and arrays. The under and over braces grow to enclose the whole expression. In[1]:= Out[1]=

Extended Latin Letters

Mathematica supports all the characters commonly used in Western European languages based on Latin scripts.

Variants of English letters.

Most of the characters shown are formed by adding diacritical marks to ordinary English letters. Exceptions include \[SZ] , used in German, and \[Thorn] and \[Eth] , used primarily in Old English. You can make additional characters by explicitly adding diacritical marks yourself. char Ctrl+& mark Ctrl+Space add a mark above a character char Ctrl++ mark Ctrl+Space Adding marks above and below characters. form ' alias (keyboard character) ' ` (keyboard character) ` .. ^ (keyboard characters) (keyboard character) esci . ~ _ (keyboard character) (keyboard character) (keyboard character) hc bv dbv '' cd \[RawWedge] \[EmptySmallCircle] \[RawDot] \[RawTilde] \[RawUnderscore] \[Hacek] \[Breve] \[DownBreve] \[DoublePrime] \[Cedilla] full name \[RawQuote] \[Prime] \[RawBackquote] \[ReversePrime] acute accent acute accent grave accent grave accent umlaut or diaeresis circumflex or hat ring dot tilde bar or macron hacek or check breve tie accent long umlaut cedilla add a mark below a character

Diacritical marks to add to characters. RELATED TUTORIALS

Mathematical and Other Notation Keyboard Shortcut Listing Handwritten Math Recognition

TUTORIAL COLLECTION

Notebooks and Documents

Listing of Named Characters Introduction CHARACTERS \[AAcute] \[ABar] \[ACup] \[ADoubleDot] \[AE] \[AGrave] \[AHat] \[Aleph] \[AliasDelimiter] \[AliasIndicator] \[AlignmentMarker] \[Alpha] \[AltKey] \[And] \[Angle] \[Angstrom] \[ARing] \[AscendingEllipsis] \[ATilde] \[AutoLeftMatch] \[AutoOperand] \[AutoPlaceholder] \[AutoRightMatch] \[AutoSpace] \ \[Backslash] \[BeamedEighthNote] \[BeamedSixteenthNote] \[Because] \[Bet] \[Beta] \[Breve] \[Bullet] \[CAcute]

 \[CapitalAAcute] \[CapitalABar] \[CapitalACup] \[CapitalADoubleDot] \[CapitalAE] \[CapitalAGrave] \[CapitalAHat] \[CapitalAlpha] \[CapitalARing] \[CapitalATilde] \[CapitalBeta] \[CapitalCAcute] \[CapitalCCedilla] \[CapitalCHacek] \[CapitalChi] \[CapitalDelta] \[CapitalDifferentialD] \[CapitalDigamma] \[CapitalEAcute] \[CapitalEBar] \[CapitalECup] \[CapitalEDoubleDot] \[CapitalEGrave] \[CapitalEHat] \[CapitalEpsilon] \[CapitalEta] \[CapitalEth] \[CapitalGamma] \[CapitalIAcute] \[CapitalICup] \[CapitalIDoubleDot] \[CapitalIGrave] \[CapitalIHat] \[CapitalIota] \[CapitalKappa] \[CapitalKoppa] \[CapitalLambda] \[CapitalLSlash] \[CapitalMu] \[CapitalNTilde] \[CapitalNu]

 \[CapitalOAcute] \[CapitalODoubleAcute] \[CapitalODoubleDot] \[CapitalOGrave] \[CapitalOHat] \[CapitalOmega] \[CapitalOmicron] \[CapitalOSlash] \[CapitalOTilde] \[CapitalPhi] \[CapitalPi] \[CapitalPsi] \[CapitalRho] \[CapitalSampi] \[CapitalSHacek] \[CapitalSigma] \[CapitalStigma] \[CapitalTau] \[CapitalTheta] \[CapitalThorn] \[CapitalUAcute] \[CapitalUDoubleAcute] \[CapitalUDoubleDot] \[CapitalUGrave] \[CapitalUHat] \[CapitalUpsilon] \[CapitalXi] \[CapitalYAcute] \[CapitalZeta] \[Cap] \[CCedilla] \[Cedilla] \[CenterDot] \[CenterEllipsis] \[Cent] \[CHacek] \[Checkmark] \[Chi] \[CircleDot] \[CircleMinus]

 \[CirclePlus] \[CircleTimes] \[ClockwiseContourIntegral] " \[CloseCurlyDoubleQuote] ' \[CloseCurlyQuote] \[CloverLeaf] \[ClubSuit] : \[Colon] \[CommandKey] \[Congruent] * \[Conjugate] \[ConjugateTranspose] \[ConstantC] \[Continuation] \[ContourIntegral] \[ControlKey] \[Coproduct] \[Copyright] \[CounterClockwiseContourIntegral] \[Cross] \[CupCap] \[Cup] \[CurlyCapitalUpsilon] \[CurlyEpsilon] \[CurlyKappa] \[CurlyPhi] \[CurlyPi] \[CurlyRho] \[CurlyTheta] \[Currency] \[Dagger] \[Dalet] - \[Dash] \[Degree] \[DeleteKey] \[Del] \[Delta] \[DescendingEllipsis] \[Diameter] \[Diamond]

 \[DiamondSuit] \[DifferenceDelta] \[DifferentialD] \[Digamma] \[DiscreteRatio] \[DiscreteShift] \[DiscretionaryHyphen] \[DiscretionaryLineSeparator] \[DiscretionaryLineSeparator] \[DiscretionaryParagraphSeparator] \[DiscretionaryParagraphSeparator] \[Divide] \[DotEqual] \[DotlessI] \[DotlessJ] \[DottedSquare] \[DoubleContourIntegral] \[DoubleDagger] \[DoubledGamma] \[DoubleDownArrow] \[DoubledPi] \[DoubleLeftArrow] \[DoubleLeftRightArrow] \[DoubleLeftTee] \[DoubleLongLeftArrow] \[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow] \[DoubleLongRightArrow] \[DoublePrime] \[DoubleRightArrow] \[DoubleRightTee] \[DoubleStruckA] \[DoubleStruckB] \[DoubleStruckC] \[DoubleStruckCapitalA] \[DoubleStruckCapitalB] \[DoubleStruckCapitalC] \[DoubleStruckCapitalD] \[DoubleStruckCapitalE] \[DoubleStruckCapitalF] \[DoubleStruckCapitalG] \[DoubleStruckCapitalH]

 \[DoubleStruckCapitalI] \[DoubleStruckCapitalJ] \[DoubleStruckCapitalK] \[DoubleStruckCapitalL] \[DoubleStruckCapitalM] \[DoubleStruckCapitalN] \[DoubleStruckCapitalO] \[DoubleStruckCapitalP] \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ] \[DoubleStruckCapitalR] \[DoubleStruckCapitalS] \[DoubleStruckCapitalT] \[DoubleStruckCapitalU] \[DoubleStruckCapitalV] \[DoubleStruckCapitalW] \[DoubleStruckCapitalX] \[DoubleStruckCapitalY] \[DoubleStruckCapitalZ] \[DoubleStruckD] \[DoubleStruckE] \[DoubleStruckEight] \[DoubleStruckF] \[DoubleStruckFive] \[DoubleStruckFour] \[DoubleStruckG] \[DoubleStruckH] \[DoubleStruckI] \[DoubleStruckJ] \[DoubleStruckK] \[DoubleStruckL] \[DoubleStruckM] \[DoubleStruckN] \[DoubleStruckNine] \[DoubleStruckO] \[DoubleStruckOne] \[DoubleStruckP] \[DoubleStruckQ] \[DoubleStruckR] \[DoubleStruckS]

 \[DoubleStruckSeven] \[DoubleStruckSix] \[DoubleStruckT] \[DoubleStruckThree] \[DoubleStruckTwo] \[DoubleStruckU] \[DoubleStruckV] \[DoubleStruckW] \[DoubleStruckX] \[DoubleStruckY] \[DoubleStruckZ] \[DoubleStruckZero] \[DoubleUpArrow] \[DoubleUpDownArrow] \[DoubleVerticalBar] \[DownArrowBar] \[DownArrow] \[DownArrowUpArrow] \[DownBreve] \[DownExclamation] \[DownLeftRightVector] \[DownLeftTeeVector] \[DownLeftVector] \[DownLeftVectorBar] \[DownPointer] \[DownQuestion] \[DownRightTeeVector] \[DownRightVector] \[DownRightVectorBar] \[DownTeeArrow] \[DownTee] \[EAcute] \[Earth] \[EBar] \[ECup] \[EDoubleDot] \[EGrave] \[EHat] \[EighthNote] \[Element]

... \[Ellipsis] \[EmptyCircle] \[EmptyDiamond] \[EmptyDownTriangle] \[EmptyRectangle] \[EmptySet] \[EmptySmallCircle] \[EmptySmallSquare] \[EmptySquare] \[EmptyUpTriangle] \[EmptyVerySmallSquare] \[EnterKey] ; \[EntityEnd] \[EntityStart] \[Epsilon] = \[Equal] \[EqualTilde] \[Equilibrium] \[Equivalent] \[ErrorIndicator] \[EscapeKey] \[Eta] \[Eth] \[Euro] \[Exists] \[ExponentialE] \[FiLigature] \[FilledCircle] \[FilledDiamond] \[FilledDownTriangle] \[FilledLeftTriangle] \[FilledRectangle] \[FilledRightTriangle] \[FilledSmallCircle] \[FilledSmallSquare] \[FilledSquare] \[FilledUpTriangle] \[FilledVerySmallSquare] \[FinalSigma] \[FirstPage]

 \[FivePointedStar] \[Flat] \[FlLigature] \[Florin] \[ForAll] \[FormalA] \[FormalB] \[FormalC] \[FormalCapitalA] \[FormalCapitalB] \[FormalCapitalC] \[FormalCapitalD] \[FormalCapitalE] \[FormalCapitalF] \[FormalCapitalG] \[FormalCapitalH] \[FormalCapitalI] \[FormalCapitalJ] \[FormalCapitalK] \[FormalCapitalL] \[FormalCapitalM] \[FormalCapitalN] \[FormalCapitalO] \[FormalCapitalP] \[FormalCapitalQ] \[FormalCapitalR] \[FormalCapitalS] \[FormalCapitalT] \[FormalCapitalU] \[FormalCapitalV] \[FormalCapitalW] \[FormalCapitalX] \[FormalCapitalY] \[FormalCapitalZ] \[FormalD] \[FormalE] \[FormalF] \[FormalG] \[FormalH]

 \[FormalI] \[FormalJ] \[FormalK] \[FormalL] \[FormalM] \[FormalN] \[FormalO] \[FormalP] \[FormalQ] \[FormalR] \[FormalS] \[FormalT] \[FormalU] \[FormalV] \[FormalW] \[FormalX] \[FormalY] \[FormalZ] \[FreakedSmiley] \[Function] \[Gamma] \[Gimel] \[GothicA] \[GothicB] \[GothicC] \[GothicCapitalA] \[GothicCapitalB] \[GothicCapitalC] \[GothicCapitalD] \[GothicCapitalE] \[GothicCapitalF] \[GothicCapitalG] \[GothicCapitalH] \[GothicCapitalI] \[GothicCapitalJ] \[GothicCapitalK] \[GothicCapitalL] \[GothicCapitalM] \[GothicCapitalN]

 \[GothicCapitalO] \[GothicCapitalP] \[GothicCapitalQ] \[GothicCapitalR] \[GothicCapitalS] \[GothicCapitalT] \[GothicCapitalU] \[GothicCapitalV] \[GothicCapitalW] \[GothicCapitalX] \[GothicCapitalY] \[GothicCapitalZ] \[GothicD] \[GothicE] \[GothicEight] \[GothicF] \[GothicFive] \[GothicFour] \[GothicG] \[GothicH] \[GothicI] \[GothicJ] \[GothicK] \[GothicL] \[GothicM] \[GothicN] \[GothicNine] \[GothicO] \[GothicOne] \[GothicP] \[GothicQ] \[GothicR] \[GothicS] \[GothicSeven] \[GothicSix] \[GothicT] \[GothicThree] \[GothicTwo] \[GothicU] \[GothicV]

 \[GothicW] \[GothicX] \[GothicY] \[GothicZ] \[GothicZero] \[GrayCircle] \[GraySquare] \[GreaterEqualLess] \[GreaterEqual] \[GreaterFullEqual] \[GreaterGreater] \[GreaterLess] \[GreaterSlantEqual] \[GreaterTilde] \[Hacek] \[HappySmiley] \[HBar] \[HeartSuit] \[HermitianConjugate] \[HorizontalLine] \[HumpDownHump] \[HumpEqual] - \[Hyphen] \[IAcute] \[ICup] \[IDoubleDot] \[IGrave] \[IHat] \[ImaginaryI] \[ImaginaryJ] \[ImplicitPlus] \[Implies] \[IndentingNewLine] \[Infinity] \[Integral] \[Intersection] \[InvisibleApplication] \[InvisibleComma] \[InvisiblePostfixScriptBase] \[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase] \[InvisibleSpace]

 \[InvisibleTimes] \[Iota] \[Jupiter] \[Kappa] \[KernelIcon] \[Koppa] \[Lambda] \[LastPage] \[LeftAngleBracket] \[LeftArrowBar] \[LeftArrow] \[LeftArrowRightArrow] \[LeftBracketingBar] \[LeftCeiling] \[LeftDoubleBracket] \[LeftDoubleBracketingBar] \[LeftDownTeeVector] \[LeftDownVectorBar] \[LeftDownVector] \[LeftFloor] \[LeftGuillemet] \[LeftModified] \[LeftPointer] \[LeftRightArrow] \[LeftRightVector] \[LeftSkeleton] \[LeftTee] \[LeftTeeArrow] \[LeftTeeVector] \[LeftTriangle] \[LeftTriangleBar] \[LeftTriangleEqual] \[LeftUpDownVector] \[LeftUpTeeVector] \[LeftUpVector] \[LeftUpVectorBar] \[LeftVector] \[LeftVectorBar] \[LessEqual]

 \[LessEqualGreater] \[LessFullEqual] \[LessGreater] \[LessLess] \[LessSlantEqual] \[LessTilde] _ \[LetterSpace] \[LightBulb] \[LineSeparator] \[LongDash] \[LongEqual] \[LongLeftArrow] \[LongLeftRightArrow] \[LongRightArrow] \[LowerLeftArrow] \[LowerRightArrow] \[LSlash] \[Mars] \[MathematicaIcon] \[MeasuredAngle] \[MediumSpace] \[Mercury] \[Mho] \[Micro] \[MinusPlus] \[Mu] \[Nand] \[Natural] \[NegativeMediumSpace] \[NegativeThickSpace] \[NegativeThinSpace] \[NegativeVeryThinSpace] \[Neptune] \[NestedGreaterGreater] \[NestedLessLess] \[NeutralSmiley] \[NewLine] \[NoBreak] \[NonBreakingSpace] \[Nor] \[NotCongruent]

 \[NotCupCap] \[NotDoubleVerticalBar] \[NotElement] \[NotEqual] \[NotEqualTilde] \[NotExists] \[NotGreater] \[NotGreaterEqual] \[NotGreaterFullEqual] \[NotGreaterGreater] \[NotGreaterLess] \[NotGreaterSlantEqual] \[NotGreaterTilde] \[NotHumpDownHump] \[NotHumpEqual] \[NotLeftTriangle] \[NotLeftTriangleBar] \[NotLeftTriangleEqual] \[NotLessEqual] \[NotLessFullEqual] \[NotLessGreater] \[NotLess] \[NotLessLess] \[NotLessSlantEqual] \[NotLessTilde] \[Not] \[NotNestedGreaterGreater] \[NotNestedLessLess] \[NotPrecedes] \[NotPrecedesEqual] \[NotPrecedesSlantEqual] \[NotPrecedesTilde] \[NotReverseElement] \[NotRightTriangle] \[NotRightTriangleBar] \[NotRightTriangleEqual] \[NotSquareSubset] \[NotSquareSubsetEqual]

 \[NotSquareSuperset] \[NotSquareSupersetEqual] \[NotSubset] \[NotSubsetEqual] \[NotSucceeds] \[NotSucceedsEqual] \[NotSucceedsSlantEqual] \[NotSucceedsTilde] \[NotSuperset] \[NotSupersetEqual] \[NotTilde] \[NotTildeEqual] \[NotTildeFullEqual] \[NotTildeTilde] \[NotVerticalBar] \[NTilde] \[Nu] \[Null] \[NumberSign] \[OAcute] \[ODoubleAcute] \[ODoubleDot] \[OGrave] \[OHat] \[Omega] \[Omicron] " \[OpenCurlyDoubleQuote] ' \[OpenCurlyQuote] \[OptionKey] \[Or] \[OSlash] \[OTilde] \[OverBrace] \[OverBracket] \[OverParenthesis] \[Paragraph] \[ParagraphSeparator] \[PartialD] \[Phi] \[Pi]

 \[Piecewise] \[Placeholder] \[PlusMinus] \[Pluto] < \[Precedes] \[PrecedesEqual] \[PrecedesSlantEqual] \[PrecedesTilde] \[Prime] \[Product] \[Proportion] \[Proportional] \[Psi] \[QuarterNote] & \[RawAmpersand] @ \[RawAt] ` \[RawBackquote] \ \[RawBackslash] : \[RawColon] , \[RawComma] - \[RawDash] $ \[RawDollar] . \[RawDot] " \[RawDoubleQuote] = \[RawEqual] \[RawEscape] ! \[RawExclamation] > \[RawGreater] { \[RawLeftBrace] [ \[RawLeftBracket] ( \[RawLeftParenthesis] < \[RawLess] # \[RawNumberSign] % \[RawPercent] + \[RawPlus] ? \[RawQuestion] ' \[RawQuote] \[RawReturn] } \[RawRightBrace] ] \[RawRightBracket] ) \[RawRightParenthesis] ; \[RawSemicolon] / \[RawSlash] \[RawSpace]

* \[RawStar] \[RawTab] ~ \[RawTilde] _ \[RawUnderscore] | \[RawVerticalBar] ^ \[RawWedge] \[RegisteredTrademark] \[ReturnIndicator] \[ReturnKey] \[ReverseDoublePrime] \[ReverseElement] \[ReverseEquilibrium] \[ReversePrime] \[ReverseUpEquilibrium] \[Rho] \[RightAngle] \[RightAngleBracket] \[RightArrow] \[RightArrowBar] \[RightArrowLeftArrow] \[RightBracketingBar] \[RightCeiling] \[RightDoubleBracket] \[RightDoubleBracketingBar] \[RightDownTeeVector] \[RightDownVector] \[RightDownVectorBar] \[RightFloor] \[RightGuillemet] \[RightModified] \[RightPointer] \[RightSkeleton] \[RightTee] \[RightTeeArrow] \[RightTeeVector] \[RightTriangle] \[RightTriangleBar] \[RightTriangleEqual] \[RightUpDownVector] \[RightUpTeeVector]

 \[RightUpVector] \[RightUpVectorBar] \[RightVector] \[RightVectorBar] \[RoundImplies] \[RoundSpaceIndicator] \[Rule] \[RuleDelayed] \[SadSmiley] \[Sampi] \[Saturn] \[ScriptA] \[ScriptB] \[ScriptC] \[ScriptCapitalA] \[ScriptCapitalB] \[ScriptCapitalC] \[ScriptCapitalD] \[ScriptCapitalE] \[ScriptCapitalF] \[ScriptCapitalG] \[ScriptCapitalH] \[ScriptCapitalI] \[ScriptCapitalJ] \[ScriptCapitalK] \[ScriptCapitalL] \[ScriptCapitalM] \[ScriptCapitalN] \[ScriptCapitalO] \[ScriptCapitalP] \[ScriptCapitalQ] \[ScriptCapitalR] \[ScriptCapitalS] \[ScriptCapitalT] \[ScriptCapitalU] \[ScriptCapitalV] \[ScriptCapitalW] \[ScriptCapitalX]

 \[ScriptCapitalY] \[ScriptCapitalZ] \[ScriptD] \[ScriptDotlessI] \[ScriptDotlessJ] \[ScriptE] \[ScriptEight] \[ScriptF] \[ScriptFive] \[ScriptFour] \[ScriptG] \[ScriptH] \[ScriptI] \[ScriptJ] \[ScriptK] \[ScriptL] \[ScriptM] \[ScriptN] \[ScriptNine] \[ScriptO] \[ScriptOne] \[ScriptP] \[ScriptQ] \[ScriptR] \[ScriptS] \[ScriptSeven] \[ScriptSix] \[ScriptT] \[ScriptThree] \[ScriptTwo] \[ScriptU] \[ScriptV] \[ScriptW] \[ScriptX] \[ScriptY] \[ScriptZ] \[ScriptZero] \[Section] \[SelectionPlaceholder] \[SHacek]

 \[Sharp] \[ShortLeftArrow] \[ShortRightArrow] \[Sigma] \[SixPointedStar] \[SkeletonIndicator] \[SmallCircle] \[SpaceIndicator] \[SpaceKey] \[SpadeSuit] \[SpanFromAbove] \[SpanFromBoth] \[SpanFromLeft] \[SphericalAngle] \[Sqrt] \[Square] \[SquareIntersection] \[SquareSubset] \[SquareSubsetEqual] \[SquareSuperset] \[SquareSupersetEqual] \[SquareUnion] \[Star] \[Sterling] \[Stigma] \[Subset] \[SubsetEqual] > \[Succeeds] \[SucceedsEqual] \[SucceedsSlantEqual] \[SucceedsTilde] \[SuchThat] \[Sum] \[Superset] \[SupersetEqual] \[SystemEnterKey] \[SZ] \[TabKey] \[Tau]

 \[Therefore] \[Theta] \[ThickSpace] \[ThinSpace] \[Thorn] \[Tilde] \[TildeEqual] \[TildeFullEqual] \[TildeTilde] \[Times] \[Trademark] \[Transpose] \[UAcute] \[UDoubleAcute] \[UDoubleDot] \[UGrave] \[UHat] \[UnderBrace] \[UnderBracket] \[UnderParenthesis] \[Union] \[UnionPlus] \[UpArrow] \[UpArrowBar] \[UpArrowDownArrow] \[UpDownArrow] \[UpEquilibrium] \[UpperLeftArrow] \[UpperRightArrow] \[UpPointer] \[Upsilon] \[UpTee] \[UpTeeArrow] \[Uranus] \[Vee] \[Venus] | \[VerticalBar] \[VerticalEllipsis] \[VerticalLine] \[VerticalSeparator]

 \[VerticalTilde] \[VeryThinSpace] \[WarningSign] \[WatchIcon] \[Wedge] \[WeierstrassP] \[Wolf] \[Xi] \[Xnor] \[Xor] \[YAcute] \[YDoubleDot] \[Yen] \[Zeta]