N NA AT TI IO ON NA AL L I IN NS ST TI IT TU UT TE E O OF F T TE EC CH HN NO OL LO OG GY Y. .

A AG GA AR RT TA AL LA A











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:.-^ .--- ~ --^~^ ~~. ~.-~~~
-~~--~-..-.`
.. ..- .-r


Submitted By:




Dr. Ardhendu Saha
H.O.D (EE)







National nstitute of Technology, Agartala

!roposed Course-Structure: B. Tech. EIectronics & Instrumentation Engineering

SECOND YEAR THIRD SEMESTER

7/ Semeste7
Subject Name
L T P
Total
CR
1
Mathematics III(M-301)
6 2 0 8
2
Network AnaIysis and Synthesis
6 2 2 10

EIectricaI Measurement and Measuring Instruments
6 2 2 10
4
Analog Elect7onic Ci7cuits
6 2 2 10
5
P7og7amming in C
6 0 2 8

46

National nstitute of Technology, Agartala

!roposed Course-Structure: B. Tech. EIectronics & Instrumentation Engineering

SECOND YEAR FOURTH SEMESTER


4th semeste7
Subject Name
L T P
Total
CR
1
Inst7umentation Devices-I
6 2 0 8
2
Signals an/ Systems
6 2 0 8

Digital Elect7onicss
6 2 2 10
4
Linea7 & Digital Cont7ol Systems
6 2 2 10
5
Elect7omagnetic Theo7y
6 2 0 8
44
National nstitute of Technology, Agartala

!roposed Course-Structure: B. Tech. EIectronics & Instrumentation Engineering

THIRD YEAR FIFTH SEMESTER

5th Semeste7
Subject Name
L T P
Total
CR
1
Inst7umentation Devices-II-
6 2 2 10
2
Mic7op7ocesso7 an/ Mic7ocont7olle7
6 2 2 10

Elect7onic Inst7umentation an/ Measu7ement
6 2 2 10
4
Compute7 O7ganization & Ope7ating Systems
6 0 2 8
5
Data Communication Netwo7s
6 2 0 8

46








National nstitute of Technology, Agartala

!roposed Course-Structure: B. Tech. EIectronics & Instrumentation Engineering

THIRD YEAR SIXTH SEMESTER

th semeste7
Subject Name
L T P
Total
CR
1
P7ocess Cont7ol - I
6 2 0 8
2
Powe7 Elect7onics
6 2 2 10

In/ust7ial Inst7umentation
6 2 2 10
4
Biome/ical inst7umentation
6 2 0 8
5
NumericaI Methods and AnaIysis
6 2 2 10

46
National nstitute of Technology, Agartala

!roposed Course-Structure: B. Tech. EIectronics & Instrumentation Engineering

FOURTH YEAR SEVENTH SEMESTER


7th semeste7
Subject Name
L T P
Total
CR
1 P7ocess Cont7ol - I I
6 2 2 10
2
Optoelect7onic Inst7umentation
2 0 8

Digital Signal P7ocessing
2 2 10
4
Engineering Economics and Costing
6 0 0 6
5
Elective-I
0 2 8

P7oject
0 0 4 4

4

National nstitute of Technology, Agartala

!roposed Course-Structure: B. Tech. EIectronics & Instrumentation Engineering

FOURTH YEAR EIGHTH SEMESTER

8th
semeste7
Subject Name
L T P
Total
CR
1 In/ust7ial Management 6 0 0 6
2 Telemet7y & Remote Cont7ol
6 2 2 10
Analytical Inst7umentation 6 2 2 10
4 Elective 2 6 0 2 8
5 Elective 6 2 0 8
G7an/ Viva 0 0 4 4
7 P7oject 0 0 8 8
54
T o t a l c 7 e / i t :
7 /
s e m e s t e 7 t o 8
t h
s e m e s t e 7 282
T o t a l c 7 e / i t : 1
S t
s e m e s t e 7 t o 2
n /
s e m e s t e 7
(Common to all existing b7anches of NIT.Aga7tala) 100
T o t a l c 7 e / i t : 1
S t
s e m e s t e 7 t o 8
t h
s e m e s t e 7 82

LIST OF PROPOSED ELECTIVE SUB1ECTS

SL. NO. SUB1ECTS L T P CREDIT
1 A/vance/ Digital Systems 0 2 8
2 Mobile Communication 2 0 8
Object O7iente/ P7og7amming 0 2 8
4 A/vance/ Cont7ol System 2 0 8
5 Int7o/uction to Nano-Technology 2 0 8
Optimization Techniques 2 0 8
7 Reliability Enginee7ing 2 0 8
8 Digital Image P7ocessing 0 2 8
9 Advanced Measurements 1echniques 0 2 8
10 Data St7uctu7e an/ Algo7ithm 2 0 8
11 Fuzzy Logic an/ Neu7al Netwo7 0 2 8
12 A/vance/ Logic Design 0 2 8
1 A/vance/ Mic7op7ocesso7s an/ Mic7ocont7olle7s 0 2 8
14 Digital Hardware Design 0 2 8
15 Switching Ci7cuits an/ Fault Diagnosis 2 0 8
1 VLSI Technology 0 2 8
17 Embe//e/ systems 0 2 8
18 A/vances Mic7op7ocesso7 & Mic7ocont7olle7 0 2 8
19 Antenna & Wave p7opagation Enginee7ing 0 2 8
20 Mic7op7ocesso7 Base/ Systems 0 2 8
21 In/ust7ial Automation & Cont7ol 2 0 8
22 Intelligent Cont7ol 0 2 8
2 Wi7eless Communication 0 2 8
24 Nonlinea7 cont7ol 2 0 8
25 Multime/ia Communication 0 2 8
2 Compute7 A7chitechtu7e 2 0 8
27 ATM Netwo7s an/ B-ISDN 0 2 8
28 Wi7eless LAN 0 2 8
29 A/vance powe7 elect7onics 0 2 8
0 Int7o/uction to GIS 0 2 8
1 Spectroscopv for Engineers 2 0 8
2 RDBMS 0 2 8
AI & Soft computing 0 2 8
4 Compile7 Const7uction an/ /esign 2 0 8
5 Softwa7e Enginee7ing 0 2 8
Ope7ating Systems 0 2 8
7 Con/ense/ Matte7 Physics 2 0 8
8 Value Enginee7ing 2 0 8
9 Safetv Engineering 2 0 8
40 Human Compute7 Inte7action 0 2 8
41 A/vance Enginee7ing Chemist7y 0 2 8
42 Fuzzy set an/ fuzzy logic 0 2 8
4 Chaos and Fractals in Electronics Engineering 2 0 8
44 A7tificial Intelligence an/ Robotics 0 2 8
45 A/vance Mathematics 2 0 8
4 Computational Elect7o/ynamics 2 0 8
47 Mechat7onics 0 2 8






SL. NO. SUB1ECTS L T P CREDIT
48 Ope7ational 7esea7ch 2 0 8
49 Total Quality Management 2 0 8
50 Finite Element Analysis 0 2 8
51 Ene7gy Science & Enginee7ing 2 0 8
52 Soli/ State Physics 2 0 8
5 Lase7 an/ Nonlinea7 Optics 0 2 8
54 Nuclea7 Physics 2 0 8
55 Quantum Mechanics 2 0 8
5 Reliability Enginee7ing 2 0 8
57 Int7o/uction to Optoelect7onics an/ Photonics 2 0 8

D DE ET TA AI IL LE ED D S SY YL LL LA AB BU US S F FO OR R
7 7/ /
. .4 4
t th h
. .5 5
t th h
. .
t th h
. . 7 7
t th h
& & 8 8
t th h
S SE EM ME ES ST TE ER RS S


2
n/
Yea7 7/ Sem

Mathematics III


P7obability an/ Statistics:
Classical and Axiomatic deIinition oI Probability, Conditional Probability, Independent Events,
Random Variables, Probability mass Iunction and Probability density Iunction, Distribution Iunction,
Function oI Random Variables. Standard univariate discrete and continuous distribution and their
properties, Mathematical Expectation, Moments, Moments Generating Function, correlation and
regression.
Fou7ie7 Se7ies:
Fourier series, HalI range series, Fourier sine series and Fourier cosine series.

Function of Seve7al Va7iables:
Partial Derivatives, Chain Rule, DiIIerentiation oI Implicit Iunctions, Exact DiIIerentials, Tangent
planes and Normal planes, Maxima, Minima and Saddle points, Simple problems in extrema oI Iunctions
with constraints, Method oI Lagrangian Multipliers.

Multiple Integ7als:
Double and Triple Integrals, Jacobians and transIormation oI co-ordinates, Application to areas,
volumes center oI pressure.

Imp7ope7 Integ7als:
Test oI convergence, Beta and Gamma Iunction.

Vecto7 Calculus:
Vector diIIerentiation and Integrations, gradient, divergence and curl-Application.

Function of a Complex Va7iable:
Limit, continuity and diIIerentiation, Analytic Iunction, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Coniugate
Iunctions, Application to two dimensional problems, Cauchy`s Integral theorem, Taylor`s and Laurent`s
expansions, Brach points, zeros, poles, residues, simple problems on Contour Integration.
Refe7ence Boos
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics: E. Kreyszig.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics: H.K.Dass.
3. A Textbook oI Engineering Mathematics: N.P.Bali & Manish Goyal.
4. Advanced Engineering Mathematics: B.S.Grewal.
5. Statistical Methods: Gupta & Kapoor/Kapoor & Sexena.
6. Vector Calculas: M.L.Khanna.
7. Integral Calculas: Maity & Ghosh.





Netwo7 Analysis an/ Synthesis


Unit 1: Int7o/uction
Introduction to circuit element, types oI network, Review oI network theorems

Unit 2: T7ansient Response
Fi7st O7/e7 systems: Introduction, natural response, initial conditions, complete response
oI Iirst order system, Application oI Lap lace TransIorm

Highe7 o7/e7 systems: Natural response, over damped system, critically damped system
and under damped system, Network excited by external energy sources.
T7ansfo7m of othe7 signal wave fo7m: ShiIted Unit step Iunction, Ramp and Impulse
Iunction, wave Iorm synthesis, Initial and Iinal value oI I(t) and F(s)

Unit : P7ope7ties of Netwo7
Impe/ance functions an/ netwo7 theo7em: Concept oI complex Irequency, transIorm
impedances and transIorm circuit and application oI network theorem
Netwo7 Function Poles an/ Ze7os
Concept oI poles and zeros, Network Iunctions Ior one port and two port network,
Restrictions oI poles and zeros location Ior driving point Iunction and transIer Iunction.
Time domain behavior Ior the poles and zero plots. Passive Iilters.

Unit 4: Two Po7t Netwo7
Concept oI two port network, Impedance parameter, Admittance parameter, transmission
parameter, inverse transmission parameter, hybrid parameter, inverse hybrid parameter,
Relation between parameter set, interconnection oI two networks, Network Iunctions Ior
general networks

Unit 5: G7aph Theo7y
Graph oI a network, Trees, co-trees, loops, Incidence matrix, Cut-set, tie-set matrix,
number oI possible trees oI a graph.

Unit : Couple/ in/ucto7s
Introduction to coupled inductors, mutual inductance, dot convention, co-eIIicient oI
coupling, series and parallel combination oI coupled circuit.

Unit 7: Fou7ie7 Se7ies
Introduction to Fourier series, Evaluation oI Fourier coeIIicient, WaveIorm symmetries,
Exponential Iorm oI Fourier series, Introduction to Fourier transIorm.

Unit 8: Polyphase ci7cuit
Concept oI polyphase circuit, Three phase voltage, current, and power, Balanced and
unbalanced three phase circuits.


Unit 9; Netwo7 synthesis
Elements oI Two element network synthesis, Positive real Iunction and their properties,
Driving point and transIer impedence Iunction, LC network.




Refe7ence Boos
1. Network Analysis & Synthesis By M.E. Van Valkenburg
2. Network Analysis & Synthesis By D.Roy Chowdhury
3. Circuit Theory By A.Chakraborti.



Elect7ical Measu7ement an/ Measu7ing Inst7uments



Mo/ule I

ClassiIication oI electrical measuring instruments, general Ieatures oI indicating type instruments -
controlling, damping and balancing oI moving systems; static and dynamic perIormance characteristics.
Principles oI permanent-magnet moving coil, moving iron, rectiIier, electrodynamic and induction type
instruments. Extension oI instruments range - shunt, multipliers, C.T and P.T.,

Mo/ule II

Measurement oI low, medium and high resistances, Kelvins double bridge, multimeters, megger, localization oI
cable Iaults using Murray and Varley loop methods.

Mo/ule III

D.C. and A.C. potentiometers, Measurement oI high voltage, Electrostatic instruments, measurement oI
inductances, capacitance and Irequency by A.C. Bridges Maxwell, Schering, Anderson, De-Sauty, Wien.

Mo/ule IV

Measurement oI active power in polyphase circuits, various wattmeter connections. A.C. and D.C. energy meters.


Recommen/e/ Boos:

1.Golding E.W. & Wides F.C. : Electrical Measuring Instruments & Measurements ; Wheeler

2.Harris, F. K. Electrical Measurements, Wiley.

3.Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
By: HelIrick & Cooper (ISBN: 81-203-1626-6), Pub: Prentice Hall

4.INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENTATION &CONTROL
By: Arun K. Gosh. (ISBN: 81-203-0752-6), Pub: Prentice Hall










Analog Elect7onic Ci7cuits



Transistor Biasing and Stability: SelI Bias-CE, CC, Compensation techniques. Voltage, current,
transresistance & transconductance ampliIier. High Irequency model oI transistor.

Power ampliIiers Class A, B, AB, C, Tuned ampliIier.

DiIIerent stages oI Operational AmpliIier: DiIIerential AmpliIier, Constant current source (current mirror
etc.), level shiIter, Ideal and practical OpAmp. Comparator, Schmitt Trigger. Instrumentation AmpliIier,
Log & Anti-log ampliIiers, Trans-conductance multiplier, Precision RectiIier

Multivibrator Monostable, Bistable, Astable.
Timer. Monostable and astable operation using 555 timer.

Linear voltage regulator : series and shunt.
Switched mode power supply.

wave shapers,V-I, I-V, V-F & F-V converters.


Text Boo:
1. Millman & Halkias Integrated El;ectronics, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. FrancoDesign with Operational AmpliIiers & Analog Integrated Circuits , 3/e,TMH
3. Schilling & BeloneElectronic Circuit:Discrete & Integrated , 3/e ,TMH
4. Gayakwad R.A -- OpAmps and Linear IC`s, PHI
5. Coughlin and Drisscol Operational AmpliIier and Linear Integrated Circuits Pearson
Education Asia.

Refe7ence:

1. MalvinoElectronic Principles , 6/e ,TMH
2. Millman & Taub- Pulse, Digital & switching waveIorms- TMH
3. Horowitz & Hill- The Art oI Electronics; Cambridge University Press.
4. Hayes & Horowitz- Student Manual Ior The Analog Electronics; Cambridge University Press.
5. Boyle`stead & Nashelsky: Electronic Devices & Circuit theory, PHI.
6. Millman & Halkias: Basic Electronic Principles; TMH.
7. Tobey & Grame Operational AmpliIier: Design and Applications, Mc Graw Hill.
8. Tushar Jadhab Linear Integrated Circuits, Everest Publishing House.








P7og7amming in C


UNIT I. Introduction
A. History oI C
B. Why use C
C. Compilers
D. Memory models
UNIT II. Program Structure
A. Header and body
B. Use oI comments
C. Construction oI the program
1. /* Comments */
2. Body } braces
3. File names
4. Standard compiler library

UNIT III. Data Concepts
A. Interactive programs
B. Variables, constants, and data types
C. Declaring words, bytes, and bits
D. Key and reserve words

UNIT IV. Simple Input / Output Operations
A. Character strings
1. printI ()
2. scanI ()
B. Single characters
1. getchar ()
2. Putchar ()

UNIT V. Statements and Operators
A. Expressions
B. Conversions and typecasting
UNIT VI. Decision Making Abilities

A. Relational operators
B. Relational expressions
C. Logical operators

UNIT VII. Loops and Controls

A. Control statements Ior decision making
B. Branching and iumps (iI statement)
C. While loop
D. Do while Ior loop

UNIT VIII. Input/Output and Redirection
A. BuIIers
B. Redirection and Iiles

UNIT IX. Storage Classes
A. Automatic Variables
B. External Variables
C. Scope and Functions



UNIT X. Functions and Arguments
A. Global and local variables
B. Recursion
C. Altering variables in calling programs

UNIT XI. Strings and Arrays
A. Dimensions and initialization oI arrays
B. String Iunctions
C. Pointers & pointer operations
D. Pointers and multidimensional arrays
E. Pointers and strings

UNIT XII. Dynamic Memory allocation
A. Malloc( )
B. Calloc ( )

UNIT XIII. Input, Output, and Disk Files
A. Streams and Files
1. Text Streams
2. Binary Streams
B. Standard I/O
1. Iopen () and Iclose () Iunction
2 Iprint (), IscanI (), Igets (), and Iputs ()
3. Random access: Iseek () and Itell ()

UNIT XIV.
A. Structures
B. Pointers to Structures
C. Union

UNIT XV. Advanced Topics
Basic Graphic Programming in C

Refe7ence Boos

AUTHORIZED TEXT: C: Step-by-Step by Waite

RECOMMENDED REFERENCES: Turbo C: The Essentials oI C Programming by Kelley and Pohl
The Beniamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc.

The First Book oI ANSI C: Fundamentals oI C Programming, 2nd ed. by Gary Bronson West Publishing Company







2
n/
Yea7 4
th
Sem


Inst7umentation Devices I

ClassiIication oI transducers and their static and dynamic characteristics; Resistance transducers:
Potentiometers, RTD and Thermistors, Strain gages, Hot wire anemometers and their applications in
pressure, temperature, torque, Iorce and Ilow measurements; Inductive transducers: LVDT, Variable
reluctance type, Synchro and their associated Circuits, Phase sensitive detector, Push-pull arrangement;
Magnetostrictive tranducers, Capacitance transducers: Construction and measuring circuits, Capacitance
microphone.
Temperature measurement: Thermocouples and RTD: construction, installation and compensation;
Semiconductor type temperature sensors; Radiation Pyrometers.
Flow measurements: OriIice, Flow nozzle, Pitot tube, Rotameter, Turbine type and Electromagnetic Ilow
meters- construction and principle oI operation.
Instrumentation ampliIiers, Logarithmic ampliIiers and their applications.

Signals an/ Systems



Signals: Introduction, Types oI signals, Continuous-time and discrete time signals.
Energy and Power, TransIormations oI the independent variable, Exponential and sinusoidal signals, Unit
impulse and Unit sample signals, Continuous-time and Discrete time systems and Basic system
properties.

Linea7 time-inva7iant systems: Discrete and Continuous time systems, convolution sum, convolution
Integral, Properties, causal LTI systems described by diIIerence equations, singularity Iunction.

Rep7esentation of pe7io/ic signal by Fou7ie7: Continuous-time and discrete-time signals, Properties

Rep7esentation of ape7io/ic signals by Fou7ie7 T7ansfo7m: Continuous-time and discrete-time
signals, Properties, System characterized by linear constant coeIIicient diIIerential equation.

Z-t7ansfo7m: The region oI Convergence, Inverse z-transIorm, pole zero plot, Properties oI z-transIorm,
Analysis and characterization oI LTI system using z-TransIorm.

Sampling: representation oI Continuous-time signals by its samples, sampling theorem, Impulse train
sampling, Sampling with zero order hold, Reconstruction oI signal Irom its samples using interpolation,
Aliasing, Discrete time processing oI continuous time signals, Digital diIIerentiator, halI sample delay,
Sampling oI Discrete-time signals, Decimation and interpolation.

Ran/om signals: review oI probability theory, Random variable: Continuous and Discrete, Description
oI Continuous Random variable, Statistical averages, Description oI Discrete Random variable, Statistical
averages, Random processes: deIinition, properties and types.

#eference Books

(1) Signals and Systems, A. V. Oppenheim, A. S Willsky, and S. H. Nawab, Prentice-Hall, Englewood
ClieIIs
(2) Probability, random variables, and stochastic Processes, A. Papoulis, McGraw-Hill
(3) Signals and Systems, B. P. Lathi
(4) Signals and Systems, M. J. Roberts McGraw-Hill


Digital Elect7onics


Number systems and codes; Boolean algebra, logic gates, tristate logic, Minimization using Karnaugh
map. NAND and NOR gate implementation.
Combinational Systems : Combinational Logic Circuit Design, code converters BCD to Seven Segment
decoder, Iull adder, halI adder, 4-bit magnitude Comparator, Encoders, Decoders.

Sequential Systems: R-S Latch, Master-Slave and edge/level- triggered Ilip-Ilops, conversion design oI
Ilip-Ilops, shiIt registers, serial and parallel loading

Memory: ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, RAM, Introduction to memory organization.

Design oI the circuits using Decoders, MUX and DEMUX, Design oI the circuits using multiplexers,
ROM, PAL PLA, HDL and introduction to VHDL Designs.

Design oI synchronous counters, Mod-k or Divide-by-k counters, Decade counter, BCD Counter, Ring
counters, The Johnson or Twisted-ring counter, Counter Application

Logic Iamilies : RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS and CMOS, Calculation oI noise margins, Ian in and Ian-
out.

Refe7ence Boos

1. Digital Integrated Electronics - Taub and schilling
2. Microelectronics - Millman
3. Digital concept Using standard ICs Sandige
4. M. Morris Mano: Digital Design. Third Edition, Prentice Hall 2002.
5. R. J. Tocci. Digital Svstems. Principles and Applications. 4
th
Edition. PH, 1988.
6. Digital Elecronics- R. P. Jain






Linea7 & Digital Cont7ol System Enginee7ing


Int7o/uction to Cont7ol systems: ClassiIication oI control system ,Examples oI control system
,Physical elements oI a control system, eIIects oI Ieedback.

Mathematical Mo/el of Physical Systems: Introduction, DiIIerential equation representation oI physical
systems, Examples oI modeling diIIerent types (e.g. electrical, mechanical, chemical etc),TransIer
Iunction concepts, Block diagram algebra, Signal Ilow graphs, Mason`s Gain Iormula

State Va7iable Analysis: Concepts oI state, state variables and state model, State models oI linear
continuous-time systems, Relating transIer Iunction with state model, Concept on Controllability and
Observability, Illustrative examples.

Cont7ol System Components: Potentiometer, DC & AC servomotors, tacho-generators, Synchro error
detectors, Stepper motors ,Areas oI Application.

Time Response Analysis: Introduction, Standard test signals, PerIormance indices, Time response oI
Iirst order system, Time response oI second order systems, steady state error and their minimisation, error
coeIIicients,

Cont7ol Actions: Proportional(P),Integral(I),Derivative(D) and their combination (PID)

Stability Analysis in Time Domain: The concept oI stability, Assessment oI stability Irom pole
positions, Necessary conditions Ior stability, Routh Stability Criterion, Relative stability analysis,
Illustrative examples.

Root Locus Technique : Introduction, The root locus concept, Root locus construction rules, Root
contours, Case studies.

F7equency Response Analysis: Introduction, PerIormance indices, Frequency response oI second order
systems, Polar plots, Bode plots, All pass systems, Minimum-phase and Non-minimum-phase systems,
Illustrative examples

Stability Analysis in F7equency Domain: Introduction, A brieI review oI Principle oI Argument,
Nyquist stability criterion, Assessment oI relative stability Gain Margin and Phase Margin, Closed loop
Irequency response, Illustrative examples.

Design & Compensation in f7equency /omain: Lag Compensation, Lead Compensation and Lag-Lead
Compensation and Actuator design
Sample/-/ata systems : Necessity oI sample and hold operations Ior computer control, Sampling
theorem z-transIorm, Stability and response oI sampled-data systems, Controller design, Special Ieatures
oI digital control systems.
Int7o/uction to Fuzzy cont7ol: Fuzzy sets and linguistic variables, The Iuzzy control scheme,
FuzziIication and deIuzzuIication methods, Examples, Comparison between conventional and Iuzzy
control.




BOOKS ;

1. Kuo B.C. Automatic Control System, PHI
2. Nagrath I J & Gopal M : Control Systems Engineering, New Age International Pub.
3. Ogata K : Modern Control Engg. PHI
4. DorI R C & Bishop R.H.: Modern Control System ; Addison Wisley
5. Gopal: Modern Control System Theory, New Age International
6. Gopal: Digital Control Engineering, New Age International



Elect7omagnetic Theo7y


Electrostatic Iield: Dielectric interIace, Laplace and Poisson`s equations, energy & Iorce. Steady
currents: continuity equations, Ohm`s law, Joule heating, current Ilow in materials.
Magnetostatic Iield: Ampere`s circuital law, scalar & vector potentials, Laplace and Poissions
equations.
Electromagnetic induction: Maxwell`s equations; power Ilow and Poynting vector. Solutions oI Iield
equations in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinate system; Radiation generation;
Propagation oI electromagnetic waves; various boundary value problems; Principle oI
electromagnetic radiation & interaction with matter; ScientiIic and engineering applications oI
electromagnetic radiation.

7/
Yea7 5
th
Sem

Instrumentation Devices-II

Piezo-electric transducers and their applications Ior measurement oI Iorce and vibration; charge
ampliIiers, seismic transducers and accelerometers; Use oI Ieedback principles in Instrumentation and
their applications. Elements oI Electronic, Pneumatic and Hydraulic control systems: Flapper nozzle
ampliIiers, Servomotors oI diIIerent types, tachogenerators and stepper motors; Control Valves and
actuators. Measurement oI process parameters like pH, conductivity, viscosity etc.; Digital Transducers:
ShaIt encoders; Sources oI noise and their reduction, Grounding and shielding techniques. Signal
transmission: 4-20mA current loop; Serial data communication using RS232 and RS485 based system,
distributed measurement system, IEEE488 protocol.
Mic7op7ocesso7 an/ Mic7ocont7olle7s


. Introduction: Block diagram oI a Computer system - Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory,
Input/Output (I/O) Ports, Address, Data and Control Buses, Evolution oI microprocessors the Intel
and Motorola variants, Microprocessors as the CPU oI computer systems.

The 8085 Iamily oI microprocessors:

Hardware Overview: Internal architecture, Address bus, Data bus and Control bus, Clocking, Reset
operation, Status pins.

Addressing modes and their Ieatures.

Memory Management: The von Neumann architecture, Partitioning oI the available memory space into
program memory, data memory and memory-mapped devices, Planning Ior building up a
microprocessor board.

Programming the 8085: Introduction to microprocessor programming paradigm, Assemblers, Linkers,
Loaders and Cross-compilers. Assembly language Programming - Instruction Iormat, Instruction set.
Use oI Ilowcharts to build-up simple programs, Stack and Stack handling, Programming exercises.
Timing Diagrams: Instruction cycle, machine cycle, T-states. Analysis oI Memory and I/O read/write
cycles. Generic state transition diagram.

Interrupts: Introduction, Interrupt vector table, Interrupt service routine, Interrupt timing. Design oI
programs using interrupts.

Data TransIer Schemes & InterIacing: Serial and parallel data transIer schemes, Polling and interrupt
driven data transIer, Direct memory access, InterIacing input-output ports, Programmable peripheral
devices (PPI)- , Programmable interval timer; InterIacing A/D and D/A converters.



1 bit p7ocesso7s: 8086 and architecture, segmented memory has cycles, read/write cycle in min/max
mode. Reset operation, wait state, Halt state, Hold state, Lock operation, interrupt processing.
Addressing modes and their Ieatures. SoItware instruction set (including speciIic instructions like string
instructions, repeat, segment override, lock preIizers and their use) and Assembly Language
programming with the same.

BrieI overview oI some other microprocessors (eg. 6800 Microprocessor).

Refe7ences:

1. Microprocessor architecture, programming and applications with 8085/8085A, Wiley eastern Ltd,
1989 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar.
2. Intel Corp: The 8085 / 8085A. Microprocessor Book Intel marketing communication, Wiley
inter science publications, 1980.
3. An introduction to micro computers Vol. 2 some real Microprocessor Galgotia Book Source,
New Delhi by Adam Osborne and J. Kane
4. Advanced Microprocessors by Ray and Bhurchandi - TMH
5. Intel Corp. Micro Controller Handbook Intel Publications, 1994.
6. Microprocessors and InterIacing by Douglas V. Hall, McGraw Hill International Ed. 1992
7. Assembly Language Programming the IBM PC by Alan R. Miller, Subex Inc, 1987
8. The Intel Microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186, 80286, 80386 & 80486, Bary B. Brey, Prentice
Hall, India 1996.


Elect7onic Inst7umentation an/ Measu7ement


Basis Measurement Techniques Ior Analog and Digital Measurements Units and standards oI physical
quantities. Documentation standards. Block diagram oI Instrumentation schemes Static and Dynamic.

Accuracy, Precision, Fidality, speed oI response, Linearization oI techniques.

Errors in measurement : ClassiIications oI errors, Statistical Analysis, Introduction to Reliability.

Electronic voltmeters analog and digital. Audio oscillators, signal generators and Irequency counter

Digital Multimeters, Theory oI Operational and Constructinal Details SHE, A-D-C D-A-C, Multiplexing,
Data Acquisition Systems, Actuator, Elements oI Transducer, Analog Multiplier, R M S and Average
value detectors, Wave and Spectrum Analysers, Q-meters.

Voltage controlled oscillators, Phase Locked Loop, Measurement oI high Irequencies RF and VHF

C.R.O. construction & principle measurement oI voltage, current, Irequency and phase by oscilloscope.

Introduction to Virtual Instrumentation

Text:
1.JainDigital Electronics, 2/e,TMH
2.Malvino & Leach Digital Principles & Application , 5/e,TMH
3.Helric A.D & Cooper W.DModern Electronic Instrumentation & Measuring
Instruments, Wheeler Pub.
4.Dhir S.MApplied Electronics & Instrumentation, TMH

Refe7ence:
1. Taub & Schilling Digital Integrated Electronics,TMH
2. GivoneDigital Principles & Design,TMH
3. Shawney A.KA course in Electrical & Electronic Measurements, Dhanpat Rai & Sons.


Compute7 O7ganization & Ope7ating Systems

Computer arithmetic, point representations, introduction to CISC processor architecture, instruction set
and addressing modes, hardware design principles polling oI processors, memory types & interIacing &
timing I/O handling, interrupts & DMA & device interIaces CRT, Iloppy disk, HDD, optical disk,
serial interIaces & data acquisition, operating system concepts & architectural support privileged mode,
soItware interrupts, memory hierarchy and virtual memory, multiprocessors concept, cache memory,
pipelining and introduction, RISC processors, super scalar processors.

Data Communication Netwo7s


Introduction. Data and signals. Transmission media and impairments. Data encoding techniques - Analog
and digital encoding oI digital data .Frequency and time-division Multiplexing techniques. Flow control.
Error detection and error control techniques. Standards Ior interIacing to media.
Network architecture Ior data and computer communications. Circuit switching. Packet switching. Frame
relay and ATM. Routing in packet-switched networks -Iixed, random and adaptive approaches.
Congestion and its control.
Local area networks - Common topologies. Medium access control-round-robin, reservation and
contention-based strategies. ALOHA protocol and its variants. CSMA and CSMA/CD protocols. Token-
ring protocol. IEEE 802 standards Ior local area networks. High speed LANs - Fast and Gigabit ethernet,
FDDI. Wireless LANs. Internetworking - Repeaters, bridges, routers and gateways. TCP/IP protocol
suite. TCP/IP Sockets. Client-Server computing. Name Service. Application protocols over TCP/IP.
Network Security.

7/
Yea7
th
Sem


P7ocess Cont7ol - I


The basic process control loop- diIIerent blocks in the loop.
Process Equations - their limitations, scale modeling, typical processes and their transIer Iunction
deviations, Processing modeling techniques.

EIIect oI disturbances and set-point variations in the loop transIer Iunctions, Review oI system response
with standard inputs, oIIset, Process Reaction Curves, Controllability using deviation reduction Iactor,
Gain band product and state variable Iormulation, Stability - review, SelI-regulation.

Schemes and analysis oI on-oII control, Time-proportional control, P,I,D controls, Control action
comparison, Pneumatic adiustment, Pneumatic, Electrical/Electronic and Hydraulic controllers,
Introduction to programmable logic controllers.

Schemes and analysis oI Split-Range control, Ratio control, Cascade control, FeedIorward control,
Selector control, Antireset control, Introduction to Multivariable control systems. Control oI Ilow, level,
temperature and pressure.

Final control elements, The pneumatic actuator and control valves, Sizing and selection oI control valves,
Linearisation, Positioners, Electrical actuators and their driver circuits, P-I and I-P converters. SaIety
valves and other associated components.

Introduction to Computer Control oI Processes. Elements in a digital control loop, A simple case study.
Intoduction to digital control algorithm.

Discussions on control oI speciIic plants like boilers, distillation column, paper plant, steel plant, power
plant etc. Control oI batch processes.

Introduction to DCS and OCS.


Powe7 Elect7onics


Mo/ule I
Power semiconductor devices: Power diodes-types, power transistors, thyristor Iamily, SCRs, Triac,
GTOs, power MOSFETs, IGBTs, MCTs-static and dynamic characteristics, protection circuits, series and
parallel connections,turn-on characteristics, turn oII characteristics

Mo/ule II
Controlled rectiIiers- single phase and three phase converters-power Iactor improvements-design oI
converter circuits-AC voltage controllers-single phase and three phase-cyclo converters-single phase and
three phase, design oI AC voltage controller circuits.

Mo/ule III
DC choppers principle oI step down and step up operations step down chopper with RL load, Classes
oI chopper, MOSFET/IGBT choppers.
DC to AC converters: Thyristor inverters, McMurray-McMurray BedIord inverter, current source
inverter, voltagecontrol waveIorm control, inverters using devices other than thyristors, vector control oI
induction motors.

Mo/ule IV
DC and AC power supplies: Switched mode, resonant, bi-directional and multistage conversions, buck,
boost,buck boost regulators. UPS-block diagram, types.
Drive requirements and design oI simple drive circuits Ior power BJT, MOSFET and IGBT. Advanced
control oI power electronic circuits using microprocessors, microcontrollers, isolation ampliIier circuits,
synchronisation circuits.

Text Boos

1. M. H. Rashid, Power Electronics. Circuits. Devices and Applications, 3rd ed., Pearson Education,
Delhi,2002
2. N. Mohan, T. M. Underland, and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics. Converter. Applications and
Design,John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995
Refe7ence Boos

1. G. K. Dubey, S. R. Doradla, A. Joshi and R. M. K. Sinha, %vristorised Power Controllers, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi, 1996

2. P. S. Bimbhra, Power Electronics, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2002


INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION


UNIT - I: METROLOGY
Measurement oI length Plainness Area Diameter Roughness Angle Comparators Gauge
blocks Optical Methods oI length and distancemeasurements.

UNIT - II: VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT
Relative velocity Translational and Rotational velocity measurement Revolutioncounters and Timers -
Magnetic and Photoelectric pulse counting stroboscopic methods - Accelerometers oI diIIerent types -
Gyroscopes.

UNIT - III: FORCE AND TORQUE MEASUREMENT
Force measurement DiIIerent methods Torque measurement Dynamometers-Gyroscopic Force and
Torque Measurement Vibrating wire Force transducer

UNIT - IV: PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Basics oI Pressure measurement Deadweight Gages and Manometers types Force-Balance and
Vibrating Cylinder Transducers High and Low Pressure measurement McLeod Gage, Knudsen Gage,
Momentum TransIer Gages, Thermal Conductivity Gages, Ionization Gazes, Dual Gage Techniques.

UNIT - V: FLOW MEASUREMENT
Head type, Area type (Rota meter), electromagnetic type, Positive displacement type, mass Ilow meter,
ultrasonic type ,vertex shedding type, Hotwire anemometer type.. Laser Doppler Veloci-meter.

UNIT - VI: DENSITY MEASUREMENT
Volume Flow meter Plus Density measurement Strain Gauge load cell method Buoyancy method - Air
pressure balance method Gamma ray method Vibrating probe method. Direct Mass Flow meters.

UNIT - VII: RADIATION MEASUREMENT
Radiation Fundamentals. Radiation Detectors. Radiation Thermometers. Optical Pyrometers.

UNIT - VIII: OTHER MEASUREMENTS
Sound-Level Meter. Microphones. Time, Frequency, and Phase-Angle measurement.Liquid Level.
Humidity. Chemical Composition. Particle Instruments and Clean-Room Technology.

TEXT BOOKS:

1.Measurement SystemsApplications and Designby Doeblin E.O.,4/e,McGraw Hill International, 1990.
2. Principles oI Industrial Instrumentation Patranabis D. TMH. End edition 1997

REFERENCES:
1. Process Instruments and Control Handbookby Considine D.M., 4/e, McGraw Hill International, 1993.
2. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements by Jain R.K., Khanna Publishers, 1986.
3. Instrument Technology, vol. I by Jones E.B., Butterworths, 1981
Biome/ical inst7umentation

Introduction to the physiology oI cardiac, nervous & muscular and respiratory
systems.Transducers and Electrodes: DiIIerent types oI transducers & their selection Ior
biomedical applications. Electrode theory, selection criteria oI electrodes & diIIerent types oI
electrodes such as Hydrogen Calomel, Ag- AgCl, pH, etc
Cardiovascular measurement: The heart & the other cardiovascular systems. Measurement oI
Blood pressure, Blood Ilow, Cardiac output and cardiac rate. Electrocardiography,
phonocardiography, Ballistocardiography, Plethysmography, Magnet- cardiography. Cardiac
pacemaker & computer applications.
Respiratory System Measurement: Respiratory Mechanism, Measurement oI gas volumes & Ilow
rate. Carbon dioxide and Oxygen concentration in inhaled air. Respiratory controllers.
Measurement oI Electrical Activities in Muscles and Brain: Electroencephalograph,
Electromyograph & their interpretation.
Instrumentation Ior clinical laboratory: Measurement oI pH value oI Blood, ESR measurements,
Haemoglobin measurements, Oxygen & carbon dioxide concentration in Blood. GSR
measurements, polarographic measurements. Computer applications.
Medical Imaging: Ultra sound imaging, Radiography & applications.
Biotelemetry: Transmission & receiption aspects oI Biological signals. Aspects oI patent care
monitoring.




Nume7ical Metho/s an/ Analysis


Unit I: Introduction to Iinite diIIerences, diIIerence Iormulae, Iundamental theorem oI diIIerence
calculus, the diIIerence table, to express value oI the Iunction in terms oI leading term and the leading
diIIerences oI a diIIerence table, the operator E, properties oI two operators E & D, relation between
operator E oI Iinite diIIerences and diIIerential coeIIicient D oI diIIerential calculus, one or more
missing terms, generalized Iactorial notations, methods oI representing any given polynomial in
Iactorial notation.
Unit II: Introduction to interpolation, interpolation with equal intervals, diIIerent interpolation
methods (Newton-Gregory Iorward and backward diIIerence Iormulae), interpolation with unequal
intervals, divided diIIerences and table, Newton`s divided diIIerence Iormulae, central diIIerence
interpolation Iormulae (Gauss, Stirling, Bessel Iormulae), piecewise and spline interpolation, (cubic
splines) least squares approximations.

Unit III: Numerical diIIerentiation based on interpolation, numerical integration, a general
quadrature Iormula Ior equidistant ordinates, the trapezoidal rule, Simpson`s 1/3
rd
and 3/8
th
rules,
Weddles rule, Method oI undetermined coeIIicients, extrapolation method.

Unit IV: Numerical solution oI ordinary diIIerential equations oI Iirst order by Euler`s and Runge
Kutta`s method.

Unit V: Solution to Algebraic and transcendental equations by Regula-Falsi method, iteration
method, Newton-Raphson method, simultaneous linear Algebraic equations by Gauss-Jordon method,
Crout`s method, Iactorization method, Gauss-Seidel iterative method, determination oI eigen values.






















4
th
Yea7 7
th
Sem

P7ocess Cont7ol - II


Sampled-data control system: Digital Computer as a controller in process control loop, advantages and
disadvantages oI sampled-data control systems, discrete time signal, sampling oI continuous signal, signal
reconstruction, z-transIorm, diIIerence equation and z-transIorm, pulse transIer Iunction, analysis oI SISO
process control loop by z-transIorm technique, z-and s-domain relationship, stability analysis oI discrete
systems in z-plane, stability analysis by using Bilinear transIormation, Jury`s stability test, steady-state
error analysis oI sampled-data control systems, Digital implementation oI PID controller, Digital control
algorithms - controller design by transIormation Irom s-domain to z-domain, deadbeat control, Dahlin`s
technique, Kalman`s algorithm.

Distributed Control System: Architecture and loop elements, networks, gateways and connectivity,
proprietary soItware protocol, redundancy, interIacing units, operating stations.

Case study: Enhanced boiler drum level control.

Programmable Logic Controller: Architecture, Programming, Application case study.

Multivariable control system: Loop interaction, Pairing controlled and manipulated variables, Design and
tuning oI Decouplers, Tuning multivariable control systems.

Adaptive and SelI-tuning control: Need Ior adaptive control, adaptive control by preset compensation,
adaptive control by pattern recognition, adaptive control by discrete parameter estimation.

Dead time compensation - Smith predictor and Dahlin controller.

Fuzzy control: Fuzzy set, Membership Iunction, Fuzzy relation, Fuzzy Proposition, Structure oI Fuzzy
Rules, Fuzzy inIerence, Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) block diagram and computational steps, PI-, PD-,
and PID-type FLCs, Rule-base design, Tuning oI FLC parameters, Merits and limitations oI FLCs,
Examples oI FLCs in industries.

Neuro-Iuzzy control: Models oI a neuron, Multilayer IeedIorward networks architecture and learning,
Models oI neuro-Iuzzy control systems and computational steps.

Process Control Systems case studies:

(1) Control oI distillation column.
(2) Control oI cement production.









Optoelect7onic Inst7umentation


Mo/ule I
Fundamentals oI optics-light sources-principle oI polarization-diIIraction and interIerence. Display
devices-lightemitting diode-plasma displays-liquid crystal displays-photo detectors-PIN diodes-avalanche
photodiodesoptocouplers-various types-modulation oI light-electro-optic, magneto-optic, acoustic-optic
modulators,InterIerometry-Michelson, Fabry-Perot, Jamin & Mach-Zehnder InterIerometers-interIerence
Iilters-interIerometermethods in metrology and testing oI optical components-Fiezeau & Tymann-Green
interIerometers-opticalspectrum analyser

Mo/ule II

Lasers-Principle oI operation-Einstein relations-population inversion-optical Ieedback.
Laser modes-axial and transverse modes. Classes oI lasers-solid state, gas and liquid dye lasers,
semiconductor lasers. Properties oI lasers-Q switching, mode locking, Irequency doubling. Applications
oI lasers-Iabrication processes, velocity measurements, distance measurements

Mo/ule III
Holography, Construction oI holograms, holographic interIerometry, applications oI holography, distance
measurements, inIormation storage, optical methods.
Fibre optics-light guidance through Iibres, multimode and single mode Iibres, step index and graded
index Iibres,properties oI optical Iibres, Iibre Iabrication, Iabrication oI perIorm, Iibre drawing process

Mo/ule IV
Measurement oI Iibre characteristics-attenuation, dispersion and reIractive index proIile measurements,
opticaltime domain reIlectometer, Iibre optic ioining- couplers, splicers and connectors, losses in optical
Iibres,application oI optical Iibres, Iibre optic sensors-measurement oI temperature, liquid level, and Iluid
Ilow,microbend sensors, optical Iibre communicationrecent trends and developments-optical telemetry.

Text Boos

1. J. R. Meyer-Arendt, ntroduction to Classical and Modern Optics, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, N.Y., 1995
2. L. Wilson and J. F. B. Hawkes, Optoelectronics. An ntroduction, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall oI India, New
Delhi, 1998

Refe7ence Boos

1. K Thyagaraian and A. K. Ghatak, asers. %eorv and Applications, Plenum Publishing Corporation,
NewYork, 1981
2. G. Keiser, Optical Fibre Communications, 3rd ed., Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 2000.
3. J. Singh, Optoelectronics. An ntroduction to Materials and Devices, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
1996









Digital Signal P7ocessing


Description oI Signals and Systems: Types oI signals and their characteristics, types oI systems and their
behavior.

Discrete-time description oI signals: Discrete-time sequences, their Irequency domain behaviour,
comparison with analog signals, convolution oI two sequences, sampling a continuous Iunction to
generate a sequence, reconstruction oI continuous-time signals Irom discrete-time sequences.
Discrete-time description oI systems: Unit-sample response oI a system, Time-invariant systems,
Superposition principle Ior linear systems, Stability criterion Ior discrete-time systems, Causality criterion
Ior discrete-time systems, Linear constant-coeIIicient diIIerence equations.

Discrete-time Fourier transIorm: DeIinition oI Fourier transIorm ( FT), important properties oI FT,
properties oI FT Ior real-valued sequences, use oI FT in signal processing, FT oI special sequences, the
inverse FT, FT oI the product two discrete-time sequences, program to evaluate the FT by computer.

Discrete Fourier TransIorm: The deIinition oI the Discrete Fourier TransIorm (DFT), computation oI the
DFT Irom the discrete-time sequence, properties oI the DFT, circular convolution, perIorming a linear
convolution with the DFT, computations Ior evaluating the DFT, programming the DFT, increasing the
computational speed oI the DFT, intuitive explanation Ior the decimation-in-time FFT algorithm, analytic
derivation oI the decimation-in-time FFT algorithm, some general observations about the FFT.

Z-transIorm: DeIinition oI the z-transIorm, properties oI the z-transIorm, the system Iunction oI a digital
Iilter, combining Iilter sections to Iorm more complex Iilters, digital Iilter implementation Irom the
system Iunction, the complex z-plane, the region oI convergence in the z-plane, determining the Iilter
coeIIicients Irom the singularity locations, geometric evaluation oI the z-transIorm in the z-plane,
relationship between the Fourier transIorm and the z-transIorm, the z-transIorm oI symmetric sequences,
the inverse z-transIorm.

Digital Iilter: DeIinition and anatomy oI a digital Iilter, Irequency domain description oI signals and
systems, typical applications oI digital Iilters, replacing analog Iilters with digital Iilters, Iilter categories:
IIR and FIR, recursive and non-recursive.

Digital Filter Structures: The direct Iorm I and II structures, Cascade combination oI second-order
sections, parallel combination oI second-order sections, Linear-phase FIR Iilter structures, Frequency-
sampling structure Ior the FIR Iilter.

EIIect oI word length: Round oII error, truncation error, qunatization error, limit cycle.












Enginee7ing Economics an/ Costing



1. INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS
Introduction to Economics- Flow in an economy, Law oI supply and demand, Concept oI Engineering
Economics Engineering eIIiciency, Economic eIIiciency, Scope oI engineering economics- Element oI
costs, Marginal cost, Marginal Revenue, Sunk cost, Opportunity cost, Break-even analysis- V ratio,
Elementary economic Analysis Material selection Ior product Design selection Ior a product, Process
planning.

2. VALUE ENGINEERING
Make or buy decision, Value engineering Function, aims, Value engineering procedure. Interest
Iormulae and their applications Time value oI money, Single payment compound amount Iactor, Single
payment present worth Iactor, Equal payment series sinking Iund Iactor, Equal payment series payment
Present worth Iactor- equal payment series capital recovery Iactor-UniIorm gradient series annual
equivalent Iactor, EIIective interest rate, Examples in all the methods.

3. CASH FLOW
Methods oI comparison oI alternatives present worth method (Revenue dominated cash Ilow diagram),
Future worth method (Revenue dominated cash Ilow diagram, cost dominated cash Ilow diagram),
Annual equivalent method (Revenue dominated cash Ilow diagram, cost dominated cash Ilow diagram),
rate oI return method, Examples in all the methods.

4. REPLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS
Replacement and Maintenance analysis Types oI maintenance, types oI replacement problem,
determination oI economic liIe oI an asset, Replacement oI an asset with a new asset capital recovery
with return and concept oI challenger and deIender, Simple probabilistic model Ior items which Iail
completely.

5. DEPRECIATION
Depreciation- Introduction, Straight line method oI depreciation, declining balance method oI
depreciation-Sum oI the years digits method oI depreciation, sinking Iund method oI depreciation/
Annuity method oI depreciation, service output method oI depreciation-Evaluation oI public alternatives-
introduction, Examples, InIlation adiusted decisions procedure to adiust inIlation, Examples on
comparison oI alternatives and determination oI economic liIe oI asset.

TEXT BOOK
1. Panneer Selvam, R, Engineering Economics, Prentice Hall oI India Ltd, New Delhi, 2001.

REFERENCES
1. Chan S.Park, 'Contemporary Engineering Economics, Prentice Hall oI India, 2002.
2. Donald.G. Newman, Jerome.P.Lavelle, 'Engineering Economics and analysis Engg. Press, Texas,
2002
3. Degarmo, E.P., Sullivan, W.G and Canada, J.R, 'Engineering Economy, Macmillan, New York, 1984
4. Grant.E.L., Ireson.W.G., and Leavenworth, R.S, 'Principles oI Engineering Economy, Ronald Press,
New York,1976.
5. Smith, G.W., 'Engineering Economy, Lowa State Press, Iowa, 1973.




4
th
Yea7 8
th
Sem

In/ust7ial Management


Introduction to industrial management, Types oI manuIacturing Systems, Forecasting, Allocation oI
resources, Operations economy, Resource Scheduling, Work environment, Maintenance Management,
Inventory Management, MRP, quality Control, Theory oI Motivation, Management InIormation system
(MIS), Organization and methods, Work Study, Operational research, Productivity, Case Studies.

Telemet7y & Remote Cont7ol


Basic Concept: Telemetry- its purpose and application potential, basic schemes- pneumatic, current,
voltage, Irequency over short distances. Line length limitations; Wired and wireless types.
Signals and TransIorms: Signals and their representation and transIormation; Frequency spectra oI pulses
and pulse waveIorms; continuous and discrete transIorms; Noise- its distribution; Probability Iunction.

Codes and Coding: Concepts oI inIormation transIer, bits and symbols; coding source, line and channel;
biasing. BCD, ASCII, EBCDIC, BAUDOT; AMI, CMI, Manchester (phase), HDBn, Block; DiIIerential,
LRC, Hamming, Convolution, M-ary; modulation Codes: PAM, PFM, PTM (PPM,PWM), PCM. Bit
error rate, Parity checking, EIIect oI time delays and noise in bit inIormation; Raised Cosine Spectrum
and response; Noise induced bit errors etc.
Review oI Modulation and Multiplexing: FM, PM, FM-FM, FM-AM, PAM-AM, PAM-FM, PCM-AM,
PCM Sample and hold circuits, Quantization and Conversion methods, Errors in quantization; Bandwidth
consideration.
FDM and TDM Systems: Frequency division multiplexing and demultiplexing Systems, IRIG Standards
in FDM telemetry; SCO`s and their circuits- Multiplexing and Demultiplexing circuits; Detectors and
Demodulators, Pulse Averaging, Quadrature FM and PLL; Mixers. TDM Systems- their circuits,
scanning techniques; TDM-PAM, PAM-PM Systems, Synchronization, TDM-PCM System; PCM
Generation, DiIIerential PCM Systems, PCM reception and demodulation
Modems: Digital modulation and shiIt keying techniques, ASK, OOK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, etc,
QAM; Modem Protocols, Synchronous protocols.
Wave Propagation: Aspects oI wave propagation; Space and SurIace waves, Propagation in ionosphere,
other related topics.
Satellite Telemetry: Basics, TT&C Services and subsystems, the Subsystems, The earth station.
Fiber Optic Telemetry: Optic Iiber as a transmission medium; Interconnections; Repeaters; Source and
Detectors; Receivers, wavelength division multiplexing.
Remote Control: Concept, Examples Irom practical industrial situations.









Analytical Inst7umentation


Gas Analysis: Thermal Conductivity Type, Heat oI Reaction Method, Ior oxygen analyzers
Paramagnetic, Dumbell, Servomax, Thermomagnetic, Zirconia Cell type. Spectroscopic Techniques, IR
Radiation Absorption Type, Dual-Channel IR Spectrometry, Single-Channel IR Spectrometry, IR
Sources, Comparison oI their perIormances, IR Detectors, Dispersive Spectrometry using Grating/Prism
monochromator, FT-IR Spectrometer based on Michelson InterIerometer.
Liquid Analysis: DiIIerent Electrodes: Ion-selective and Molecular- selective types, their variations and
application prospects, Dissolved Oxygen Analysis Cells, pH electrodes, circuits and applicatons,
Conductivity Cells, Standards, EIIect oI Irequency variation, circuits, Cells Ior diIIerent applications,
Polarography: Determination oI concentrations oI constituents. Apparatus, Circuits; Pulse polarography,
Spectroscopic Techniques: Absorption in Visible and UV-range, monochromators and detectors, Sources
and their 2 - ranges, Colorimetry, Atomic Spetral Methods: Emission and Absorption: Visible, UV and
X-rays; sources, principles, detectors, sample preparation etc.
Special Topics: Chromatography, GC, GLC, LC, HPLC, Columns, Detectors; X-ray methods oI analysis;
Humidity and Moisture; Turbidity meter and Nephelometer; Viscosity and Consistency; Density and
SpeciIic Gravity; Introduction to NMR and ESR .







































E EL LE EC CT TI IV VE ES S

A/vance/ Digital Systems

Combinational and sequential logic design techniques, algorithms, and tools review.
Structured design concept. Design strategies. Design decomposition. Design tools.
Introduction to VHDL
Basic Ieatures oI VHDL. Simulation and synthesis.
Basic VHDL modeling techniques.
Algorithmic level design.
Register Level Design.
HDL-based design techniques. Constrained design.
ASIC and PLD design process. Fast prototyping.
Modeling Ior synthesis.
Top-down design methodology in VHDL.
Design case study.
Design automation algorithms. HW/SW co-design.

Mobile Communication


Cellular concept. Mobile radio propagation. Co-channel interIerence. Diversity. Multiple access. Cellular
coverage planning. Wireless networking. Wireless systems and standards. Fading channels, spreading
codes, power control. WAP and other protocols Ior internet access. Data transmission in GSM and
UMTS, TCP in wireless environment, multi-user detection and its perIormance analysis. Blue-tooth and
other wireless networks, system comparison.
Spread spectrum concept. Basics oI CDMA. Properties and generation oI PN sequences. Applications oI
CDMA to cellular communication systems. Second and third generation CDMA systems/ standards.
Multicarrier
CDMA. Synchronization and demodulation .Diversity techniques and rake receiver.

Object O7iente/ P7og7amming


PRINCIPLES OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING:
Procedure-Oriented Programming Vs Obiect Oriented Programming, Obiect-Oriented analysis and design,
Basic Concepts oI Obiect Oriented Programming, BeneIits and Applications oI OOP.

TOKENS, EXPRESSIONS AND CONTROL STRUCTURES:
Basic Data Types, ReIerence Variables, Scope Resolution Operator, Operator Precedence, Control
Structures, Array, Function, Structure.

CLASSES AND OBJECTS:
class speciIication, obiects, accessing class members, data hiding, pointers within a class, passing obiects
as arguments, returning obiects Irom Iunctions, Iriend Iunctions and Iriend classes, member Iunctions,
structures vs. classes, static members.

OBJECT INITIALIZATION AND CLEANUP:
Constructors, destructor, constructor overloading, copy constructor, nested classes.

OPERATOR OVERLOADING AND TYPE CONVERSION:
DeIining Operator Overloading, Overloading Unary and Binary Operators, Overloading Binary Operators
Using Friends, Rules Ior Overloading Operators.

INHERITANCE: EXTENDING CLASSES:
Types oI Inheritance, Virtual Base Classes, delegation.

POINTERS, VIRTUAL FUNCTIONS AND POLYMORPHISM:
Pointers to Obiects, this Pointer, Pointers to Derived Classes, Virtual Functions, Implementation oI run-
time polymorphism, Pure Virtual Functions.

WORKING WITH FILES:
Classes Ior File Stream Operations, Opening and Closing a File, File Pointers and their Manipulations,
Sequential Input and Output Operations, Error Handling During File Operations, Command Line
Arguments


A/vance/ Cont7ol System


Modelling oI physical systems, Concepts oI state, state-space, Controllability and observability.
Sensitivity and error analysis. Nonlinear systems, singular points, phase plane analysis, Lyapunov
stability, describing Iunctions, on-oII and dual mode systems. Sampled Data Systems. Computer control
systems.







Int7o/uction to Nano-Technology


EIIects oI conIinement and Iinite size-zero, one and two dimensional nanostructures(concepts oI surIace
and interIacial energies), Intermolecular and interIacial Iorces in organic, polymeric, biological and
aqueous systems-Van der Waals, electrostatic, double layer, acid base, depletion interactions,
hydrophobic Iorce, layering, mesoscale thermodynamics, Gibbs treatment oI interIaces, mesoscale Iluid
dynamics, thin soIt Iilms, mesoscale phenomena in soIt matter and applications: adhesion, wetting,
nucleation, NanoIabrication: patterning oI soIt materials by selI organisation and other techniques,
chemical selI assembly, artiIicial multilayers, cluster Iabrication, Langmuir-Blodget growth,
Nanolithography,Scanning probe lithography, Micro contact printing, Synthesis oI nanoparticles and
Iilms: sol-gel, hydrothermal, Ireeze drying, intercalation, attrition, ion implantation, Gas phase
condensation, Chemical vapour deposition, Nanosuspensions-IerroIluids, Compaction oI nanocrystlline
materials, Carbon nanotubes, short and long term applications and perspectives, Demonstration oI some
techniques in preparation and characterization oI nanomaterials.


Optimization Techniques


Introduction: Historical development, application to engineering problems, statement oI optimization,
classiIication oI optimization, examples oI optimization problems.

Linear Programming: Graphical method, simplex method, revised simplex method, Big-M method, 2-
phase method, alternate optimal solutions, unbounded LPs, degeneracy and convergence, duality in
linear programming, sensitivity analysis, dual simplex method, Transportation, assignment and other
applications.

Non-Linear Programming: Unconstrained optimization techniques, direct search methods (Fibannoci
method, golden section, quadrature and cubic interpolation) descent methods, constrained optimization,
direct and indirect methods, optimization with calculm, kuhn-tucker conditions.

Dynamic Programming: Multistage decision process, principles oI optimality, computational procedures
indynamic programming.


Reliability Enginee7ing


Introduction:
DeIinition oI reliability, types oI Iailures, deIinition and Iactors inIluencing
system eIIectiveness, various parameters oI system eIIectiveness.
Reliability Mathematics :
DeIinition oI probability, laws oI probability , conditional probability, Bay's
theorem; various distributions; data collection, recovery oI data, data analysis
procedures, empirical reliability calculations.
Reliability:
Types oI system- series, parallel, series parallel, stand by and complex;
development oI logic diagram, methods oI reliability evaluation; cut set and tieset
methods, matrix methods event trees and Iault trees methods, reliability
evaluation using probability distributions, Markov method, Irequency and
duration method.
Reliability Improvements:
Methods oI reliability improvement, component redundancy, system
redundancy, types oI redundancies-series, parallel, series - parallel, stand by and
hybrid, eIIect oI maintenance.
Reliability Testing:
LiIe testing, requirements, methods, test planning, data reporting system, data
reduction and analysis, reliability test standards.


Digital Image P7ocessing


Introduction: Digital image, steps oI digital image processing systems, elements oI visual perception,
connectivity and relations between pixels.
Simple operations - arithmetic, logical, geometric operations.
Mathematical preliminaries- 2D LTI systems, 2D convolution, correlation, 2D random sequence, 2D
spectrum.
Image TransIorms: 2D orthogonal and unitary transIorms- properties and examples. 2D DFT, FFT, DCT,
Hadamard transIorm, Haar TransIorm, Slant transIorm, KL TransIorm- properties and examples.
Image Enhancement: point processing, spatial Iiltering-in space and Irequency, Nonlinear Iiltering, Color
image processing Iundamentals.
Image Restoration: Image observation and degradation model, circulant and block circulant matrices and
its application in degradation model, Algebraic approach to restoration, Inverse by Wiener
Iiltering,Generalized inverse- SVD and iterative methods, blind deconvolution, imagereconstruction Irom
proiections.
Image compression: redundancy and compression models loss less and lossy.
Loss less- variable-length, HuIIman, Arithmetic coding, bit-plane coding, Loss less predictive coding,
lossy TransIorm (DCT) based coding, JPEG standard, sub band coding.
Image segmentation: Edge detection, line detection, curve detection, Edge linking and boundary extraction,
boundary representation, region representation and segmentation, morphology-dilation, erosion, opening
and closing.
Image understanding and recognition: Matching by templates, classiIiers-models, statistical, neural
network based, matching shapes by contour and texture.
Applications: Automatic visual system in part inspection, Iorensic and security system, entertainment-
multimedia, scientiIic and medical investigation

A/vance/ Measu7ements Techniques


Data St7uctu7e an/ Algo7ithm


Analysis oI Programs: Complexity, Big O notation. Arrays. Queues and Stacks: Linear and Circular
Queues, Evaluation oI Expressions using Stacks. Linked lists: Singly Linked Lists, Polynomial Addition,
Doubly Linked Lists and Dynamic Storage Management, Garbage Collection and Compaction, Strings.
Trees & Graphs: Binary Tree - Representations and Traversal Techniques, Threaded Binary Trees, Graph
Representation and Traversal Techniques, Shortest Paths.
Searching & Sorting Techniques - Linear and Binary search, Hashing, Internal Sorting Techniques -
Bubble Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort; External Sorting Techniques - Merge Sort.

Fuzzy Logic an/ Neu7al Netwo7


Unit I: Introduction to Neural Networks
Introduction, Humans and Computers, Organization oI the Brain, Biological Neuron, Biological and
ArtiIicial Neuron Models, Characteristics oI ANN, McCulloch-Pitts Model, Historical Developments,
Potential Applications oI ANN.

Unit- II: Essentials oI ArtiIicial Neural Networks
ArtiIicial Neuron Model, Operations oI ArtiIicial Neuron, Types oI Neuron Activation Function, ANN
Architectures, ClassiIication Taxonomy oI ANN Connectivity, Learning Strategy (Supervised,
Unsupervised, ReinIorcement), Learning Rules.

UnitIII: Single Layer Feed Forward Neural Networks
Introduction, Perceptron Models: Discrete, Continuous and Multi-Category, Training Algorithms:
Discrete and Continuous Perceptron Networks, Limitations oI the Perceptron Model.

Unit- IV: Multilayer Feed Iorward Neural Networks
Credit Assignment Problem, Generalized Delta Rule, Derivation oI Backpropagation (BP) Training,
Summary oI Backpropagation Algorithm, Kolmogorov Theorem, Learning DiIIiculties and
Improvements.

Unit V: Associative Memories
Paradigms oI Associative Memory, Pattern Mathematics, Hebbian Learning, General Concepts oI
Associative Memory, Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) Architecture, BAM Training
Algorithms: Storage and Recall Algorithm, BAM Energy Function.
Architecture oI HopIield Network: Discrete and Continuous versions, Storage and Recall Algorithm,
Stability Analysis.

Unit VI: Classical & Fuzzy Sets
Introduction to classical sets - properties, Operations and relations; Fuzzy sets, Membership, Uncertainty,
Operations, properties, Iuzzy relations, cardinalities, membership Iunctions.


UNIT VII: Fuzzy Logic System Components
FuzziIication, Membership value assignment, development oI rule base and decision making system,
DeIuzziIication to crisp sets, DeIuzziIication methods.

UNIT VIII: Applications
Neural network applications: Process identiIication, control, Iault diagnosis.
Fuzzy logic applications: Fuzzy logic control and Fuzzy classiIication.

A/vance/ Logic Design


Logic design theory, advanced logic minimization, design and analysis oI sequential
circuits, asynchronous circuit design, logic circuit testing and design Ior testability. Review
Verilog/VDHL. CAD tools are used Ior design, modeling and simulation.
A/vance/ Mic7op7ocesso7s an/ Mic7ocont7olle7s

Typical CPU architectures Ior Embedded systems Microprocessors, Memory interIacing and
management, Memory technologies, IO devices,IO techniques, DMA, Interrupt handling, Data
transIer techniques and protocols, AD, DA, Watchdog circuit etc. Language issues, Addressing
modes, Instruction set support Ior application programming and operating systems. Assembly level
programming environments. Other programmable devices, PAL, PLA, FPGA etc.
Programmable & digital systems modeling, SpeciIication, design, VeriIication & testing issues.
Behavioral modeling, Modeling languages, Design oI Iinite state systems, Concurrent processes,
Logic level & timing modeling, Synthesis with device libraries, Techniques Ior design veriIication at
various design levels. Introduction to soItware tools, Design issues Ior PC boards. Layout and routing.
Testing oI Embedded systems. Embedded systems design case studies.

Digital Ha7/wa7e Design


Switching Ci7cuits an/ Fault Diagnosis

Switching Circuits: Functional Decomposition oI Switching Functions, Symmetric Networks,
Reduced and Minimal Network Ior Symmetric Functions, IdentiIication oI Symmetric Functions.
Threshold Logic, Elementary Properties oI Threshold Functions, Synthesis oI Threshold networks,
IdentiIication and realization oI Threshold Functions.
Hazards: Static and Dynamic Hazards in digital circuits.
Fault diagnosis test Ior combinational circuits: Fault Detection in Combinational Circuits, Fault
Location Experiments, Boolean DiIIerences, Fault detection by Path Sensitizating.
Detection oI multiple Iaults, Failure Tolerant Design, Quadded Logic.
Sequential Circuits: Finite State Model, Synchronous Sequential Machines, Synthesis oI Synchronous
Sequential Circuits, Interactive Networks.
Capabilities, minimization and transIormation oI sequential machines, Asynchronous sequential
circuits.

Fault diagnosis test Ior sequential circuits: Distinguishing Sequences, Homing Sequences,
Synchronizing Sequences, Checking Experiments Ior Machine IdentiIication, Diagnosable machine.
Design oI testable and Iault tolerant systems, Application oI Linear Sequential Circuits to Error
Correction.
VLSI Technology

Issues oI digital IC design: general overview oI design hierarchy, layers oI abstraction, integration
density and Moore`s law, VLSI design styles, packaging styles, design automation principles;
MOSFET Iabrication: basic steps oI Iabrication, CMOS p-well and nwell processes, layout design
rules, Bi-CMOS Iabrication process; basic electrical properties oI MOS and Bi-CMOS circuits:
MOS transistor operation in linear and saturated regions, MOS transistor threshold voltage, MOS
switch and inverter, Bi-CMOS inverter, latch-up in CMOS inverter, inverter properties
(robustness, dynamic perIormance, regenerative property, inverter delay times, switching power
dissipation), MOSFET scaling (constant-voltage and constant-Iield scaling); logic design with
MOSFETs: switch logic (networks derived Irom canonical Iorm and Shannon expansion theorem,
Universal Logic Modules, networks derived Irom iterative structures), gate restoring) logic,
Programmable Logic Array (PLAs), Finite State Machine (FSM) as a PLA, personality matrix oI a
PLA, PLA Iolding, pseudo-nmos logic; basic circuit concepts: Sheet resistance and area
capacitances oI layers, driving large capacitive loads, super-buIIers, propagation delay models oI
cascaded pass transistors, wiring capacitances; dynamic CMOS design: steady-state behavior oI
dynamic gate circuits, noise considerations in dynamic design, charge sharing, cascading dynamic
gates, domino logic, np-CMOS logic, problems in single-phase clocking, two-phase non-
overlapping clocking scheme; low-power CMOS logic circuits: low-power design through voltage
scaling, estimation and optimization oI switching activity, reduction oI switched capacitance,
adiabatic logic circuits; subsystem design: design oI arithmetic building blocks like adders (static,
dynamic, Manchester carry-chain, look-ahead, linear and square-root carry-select, carry bypass
and pipelined adders) and multipliers (serialparallel, Braun, Baugh-Wooley and systolic array
multipliers), barrel and logarithmic shiIters, area-time tradeoII, power consumption issues;
semiconductor memories: dynamic random access memories (DRAM), static RAM, non-volatile
memories, Ilash memories; bipolar ECL inverter: Features oI ECL gate, robustness and noise
immunity, logic design in ECL, single-ended and diIIerential ECL; physical design: rieI ideas on
partitioning, placement, routing and compaction, Kernighan-Lin and Fiduccia-Mattheyses
partitioning algorithms, area routing and channel routing algorithms; testability oI VLSI: Fault
types and models, stuck-at Iault models, scanbased techniques, Built-in SelI-test (BIST)
techniques, Boolean diIIerences, PLA testability; laboratory: SpeciIying the design oI digital
circuits including moderately complex computer, traIIic light controller, divider, multiplier,
Fibonacci sequence generator etc. in Verilog or VHDL language and simulating the same under
ModelSim simulator

Embe//e/ systems


Introduction to issues in embedded system

Design using microcontrollers

Microcontroller architecture, memory interIacing, serial and parallel I/O interIacing,

analog interIacing, interrupt synchronization.

Embedded soItware.

A/vances Mic7op7ocesso7 & Mic7ocont7olle7

UNIT I
Digital Hardware Elements and Their Description in Hardware Description Language, System Structuring
Methodology,
UNIT II
Hardware, SoItware and Firmware Considerations in Designing Control Units Ior Arithmetic and Logic Processors.
UNIT III
I/O Processors with DiIIerent Methods oI Data Handling, Stored Program Control, Electronic Switching,
Telecommunication as Telecom and Processors, Process InterIace.
UNIT IV
Design such as Numerical Control Data Acquisition System Programmed Logic Controllers, Programmed Logic
Arrays Designing with PLAs; Microprocessor base System Design, Technology Considerations in System Design.

A An nt te en nn na a a an n/ / w wa av ve e P P7 7o op pa ag ga at ti io on n E En ng gi in ne ee e7 7i in ng g

Retarded potential, radiation Irom current element and dipole, radiation patterns, impedance,
reciprocity. Various types oI antennas, interIerometers and multi-element arrays, Antenna
Measurements. Ground wave propagation, terrain and earth curvature eIIects.Tropospheric
propagation; Iading, diIIraction and scattering; Ionospheric Propagation-reIractive index, critical
Irequencies, eIIects oI magnetic Iield.
Mic7op7ocesso7 Base/ Systems

Typical CPU architectures Ior Embedded systems Microprocessors, Memory interIacing and
management, Memory technologies, IO devices,IO techniques, DMA, Interrupt handling, Data transIer
techniques and protocols, AD, DA, Watchdog circuit etc. Language issues, Addressing modes, Instruction
set support Ior application programming and operating systems. Assembly level programming
environments. Other programmable devices, PAL, PLA, FPGA etc.
Programmable & digital systems modeling, SpeciIication, design, VeriIication & testing issues.
Behavioral modeling, Modeling languages, Design oI Iinite state systems, Concurrent processes, Logic
level & timing modeling, Synthesis with device libraries, Techniques Ior design veriIication at various
design levels. Introduction to soItware tools, Design issues Ior PC boards. Layout and routing. Testing oI
Embedded systems. Embedded systems design case studies.
In/ust7ial Automation & Cont7ol

BrieI introduction about industrial processes and their automation; Elements oI pneumatic, hydraulic
and electrical control systems; Valves and Actuators; Stepper motors; PID controllers and their tuning;
Implementation oI digital controller; Control strategies Ior industrial processes; Programmable logic
controller; Real-time issues on signal transmission and control; Communication systems Ior industrial
automation; Data acquisition and Supervisory control; Control oI discrete manuIacturing processes;
Intelligent systems Ior monitoring ,s supervision and control; Case studies oI industrial control systems.
Intelligent Cont7ol

Introduction to intelligent control: strategies & characteristics
Fuzzy logic system: Basic concepts oI Fuzzy logic approaches, classical sets & Fuzzy sets, linguistic
variables, membership Iunctions, basic operation, Fuzzy relations, numbers and arithmetic & logical
operations, diIIerent de-FuzziIication techniques, Fuzzy rule based model & model based controllers, PID
controllers, application oI Fuzzy controllers.
Neural Networks: Fundamentals oI biological neuron model and ANN, back propagation & related
training algorithms, dynamic systems & neural training algorithms, some practical aspects oI neural
networks, identiIication oI dynamic systems.
Genetic algorithms: Basic concepts, design issues & application oI genetic algorithms to optimization
problem

Wi7eless Communication

Introduction to RF propagation, multi-path Iading mobile channel representation: RF circuits and
systems, mobile communication concepts, cellular engineering: cellular concepts, Irequency allocation,
spectrum eIIiciency, speech coding, modulation/demodulation techniques, multiple access techniques,
error control coding Ior mobile channel, communication applications, capacity oI cellular communication
networks, mobile communication standards, wireless data communication systems . wireless multimedia,
ATM and IP, paging, wireless local loops, emerging technologies.

Nonlinea7 cont7ol


Describing Iunction analysis
-Fundamentals-common nonlinearities (saturation, dead-zone, on-oII non-linearity, backlash, Hysteresis)
and their describing Iunctions-Describing Iunction analysis oI non-linear systems
Phase plane analysis
-phase portraits-Singular points characterization-Analysis oI non-linear systems using phase plane
technique-Existence oI limit cycles
Concept oI stability
-stability in the sense oI Lyapunov-absolute stability-Zero-input and BIBO stability-Second (or direct)
method oI Lyapunov-stability theory Ior continuous and discrete time systems- Aizerman's and Kalman's
coniecture-Construction oI Lyapunov Iunction-Methods oI Aizerman-Zubov-variable gradient method-
Lure problem-Popov's stability criterion-Kalman-Yakubovich Lemma-Popov's hyper stability theorem.
Non-linear control system design
-concept oI variable structure controller and sliding control-implementation oI switching control laws-
cascade designs-partial-state Ieedback design-Ieedback passivation oI cascades-designs Ior TORA
systems-recursive designs-back stepping-Iorwarding-interlaced systems






Multime/ia Communication


The communication requirements associated with the diIIerent types oI multimedia applications such
as video telephony/teleconIerencing, electronic mail, interactive TV, electronic commerce, web TV.

Multimedia InIormation Representation, Text and Image compression, standards Ior Multimedia
communications.
Digital Communication Basics, operation oI diIIerent kinds oI networks, The Internet, Broadband
ATM Networks, Entertainment Networks, high speed modems.
New Communication protocols Ior use with these networks to meet the requirements oI multimedia
application, Transport Protocols, Application support Iunctions, Internet Applications, The World
Wide Web.


Compute7 A7chitechtu7e


Computing & Computers:
The nature oI computing:-The elements oI computer, limitations oI computers. Evolution oI
computer:-mechanical era, electronic computers, the later generation .V.L.S.I. ERA:-integrated circuit,
processor architecture, system architecture.


Design Methodology:-
System design:-system representation, design process, gate level. Register level:- register level
components, programmable logic devices, register level design. The processor level:-processor level
components ,processor level design.

Processor Basic:-
Computer Organization:- Fundamentals, additional Ieatures, Data Representation:-basic Iormats , Iixed
point numbers, Iloating numbers. Instruction Sets:-instruction Iormats ,instruction types, programming
considerations.


Control Design:-
Instruction sequencing & instruction interpretation , Hardwired Control:-design methods, multiplier
control unit ,CPU control unit, Micro programmed control:- C.P.U. control units ,a convectional
computer, nanoprogrammed computers.

Introduction to parallel processing:-
Concept oI pipelining & parallel processing. Application oI parallel processing. Application oI parallel
processing.Flynn`s classiIication:- SISD,SIMD,MIMD Machines. Basic structure, Interconnection
structure(Mesh, Cube, Hypercubes, Pyramids, ButterIly networks)


Memory.
C.P.U memory interaction, memory array organization & technology, Virtual memory:- Memory
hierarchies, main memory allocation, segment, pages & Iiles .High speed memories, Interleaved
memories, caches & associative memories, Shared memory organization:-interleaved memory
organization ,memory allocation methods. Cache coherence:-sequential and weak consistency, snoopy
bus protocol and directory based.


Control Unit.
Concepts:- execution oI complete instruction, sequencing oI control signals, hardwired control unit,
general microprogramming concept, microprogrammed control unit, micro instructions & their encoding.
Multiplier control unit, C.P.U. control unit, convectional computer, nano programmed computers.

Input-output organization.
Addressing I\O devices, Data transIer synchronization, Interrupt handling I/O channels, Computer
peripherals & interIacing. I\O interIaces,I\O devices, printer terminals card readers I/O processors, Mass
storage device, Data Ilow architecture: parallel programming environment, principles oI synchronization,
shared variable program structure, synchronous & asynchronous message passing, Bus structure & its
various types. InterIace circuits, Ports, PCI,SCSI Bus, USB Transaction & Interrupt systems.

ATM Netwo7s an/ B-ISDN


Overview oI ISDN and basic concepts oI B-ISDN; Overview oI ATM; Comparison to X.25,
Frame relay and Ethernet; ATM basis, Pathes, Channels and Connections, Cell switching
ATM switch Architecture, Banyan networks.

ATM reIerence model, ATM physical layer, ATM layer, ATM Adaption layer details.

Signalling schemes Ior ATM networks,
TraIIic Management in ATM networks, CBR, VBR, ABR and UBR service classes
connection Admission control
ATM internetworking wireless ATM networks
Mobility management and HandoII in wireless ATM networks
ATM in WANs and ATM in LANs.




Wi7eless LAN

Radio Technologies: Overview, Spread Spectrum, Channel Sets, 802.11 IEEE Standards, Association
Process, Diversity Antennas
Wireless LAN Topologies : What is a WLAN?, Single Cell oI Coverage, Multiple Cells oI Coverage ,
Wireless Repeater, System Redundancy (Hot Standby), Peer to Peer (Ad Hoc) , Multi-Rate and Gear
ShiIting, Overlapping Coverage , 340/350 Comparison, In Line Power , Home Base Station
Wireless LAN Products: Access Points, Client Devices, Accessories
Basic Antenna Theory: Directionality, Gain, Cisco Antennas
Client Device ConIiguration: Windows Drivers, Aironet Client Utility
Basic Access Point ConIiguration: Access Point LEDs, Setup oI Network Ports, Statistics, Setup oI
Association Parameters, Firmware Upgrade and Distribution, SNMP Setup, Set Up oI Event Logs
Home Base Station ConIiguration: Base Station Client Utility, BSM ConIiguration, BSE
ConIiguration, Client ConIiguration,
Security: 802.11 and WEP, WEP ConIiguration, 802.11 Security Issues, Next Generation Security,
802.1x, EAP/LEAP, Radius Serve

A/vance powe7 elect7onics

Resonant DC DC converters: operation, characteristics, design equations, control techniques and
application; SMPS: Forward, Ilyback, push pull operation, characteristics, design and control techniques;
Current controlled PWM; Voltage source inverters Bang-bang, SPWM and space vector modulation
techniques; Resonant DC link voltage source inverters operation characteristics, design and control;
Applications oI power electronic inverters: UPS, induction heating, metal cutting, active power line
conditioning;






Int7o/uction to GIS


UNIT 1
DeIinition oI GIS, Cartography and GIS, GIS database: spatial and attribute date; Spatial
models: Semantics, spatial inIormation, temporal inIormation, conceptual models oI
spatial inIormation, representation oI geographic inIormation: point, line and area
Iutures, top logy,
UNIT - 2
Raster and vector data, raster to vector data conversion, map proiection, analytical
transIormation, rubber sheet transIormation, manual digitizing and semi-automatic line
Iollowing digitizer; Remote sensing data as an input to GIS data;
UNIT - 3
Attribute database: scale and source oI inaccuracy; GIS Iunctionality; data storage and
data retrieval through query, generalization, classiIication, containment search within a
spatial region;
UNIT - 4
Overlay: arithmetical, logical and conditional overlay, buIIers, inter visibility,
aggregation; Network analysis;
UNIT 5
Applications oI GIS in planning and management oI utility lines and in the Iiled oI
environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering and
water resources engineering.


Spect7oscopy fo7 Enginee7s





RDBMS


An Overview oI Database:
Database, Database System, DBMS Components, Data Abstraction, Data Integration, Database Access
Method, Characteristics oI the Database Approach, Advantages oI Using a DBMS.

Database System Architecture:
Data Models, Schemas, and Instances, DBMS Architecture, Data Independence, Database Languages and
InterIaces, Database System Environment, ClassiIication oI Database Management Systems.

Data Model Using E-R Model & Obiect Model:
High-Level Conceptual Data Models, Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes and Keys, Relationships,
Relationship Types, Roles, ER Diagrams, Subclasses, Super Classes, Inheritance.

Relational Model:
Relational Model Concepts, Relational Constraints and Relational Database Schemas, Update
Operations and dealing with constraint violations, Basic Relational Algebra Operations,
Additional Relational Operations, Relational Calculus, Tuple Calculas, Domain Calculas.

Relational Database Standard:
Data DeIinition, Constraints, Schema Changes in SQL, Basic Queries in SQL, Insert, Delete, and
Update statements in SQL, Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL, SpeciIying General Constraints as
Assertion, Additional Features oI SQL.

Normalization Ior Relational Database:
Functional Dependencies, Normal Forms based on Primary Keys: 1NF, 2 NF, 3 NF etc,
Boycee-Codd Normal Form, Normalization through Synthesis, Normalization using Join
Dependency.

Database Design & Tuning:
Database Design Process, Physical Database Design in Relational Databases, Database Tuning
in Relational Systems.

Database Recovery & Security:
Recovery Concepts, Transaction Recovery, System Recovery, Media Recovery,Recovery Technique,
Recovery in Multi Database Systems, Database Security Issues,Data Encryption.


AI & Soft computing


Introduction:
The Ioundations oI AI. Importance oI AI and related Iields.

Logic:
propositional and predicate logic, representation atoms, connectives, literals, CNF, DNF and casual Iorm,
interpretation and model, satisIiability, resolution principle and uniIication.

Reasoning under Uncertainty:
basic probability notation, probabilistic reasoning, Bayesian networks, certainty Iactor methods, basics oI Iuzzy
logic.

Rules:
working memory, rule base, conIlict set, conIlict resolution strategies, backward and Ioreword chaining, meta rules.

Structure Representation:
semantic networks, Irames, conceptual dependency, scripts, inheritance, deIault values.

General issues in knowledge representation and interIerence:
logical agents, reasoning and resolution, adequacy, richness, granularity, ease oI representation and use, modeling
uncertainty, the Iame problem, declarative and procedural representation.

Problem solving by Searching:
State space repetition, heuristics, heuristic evolution Iunction, and problem reduction. Searching Ior solutions.
InIormed and uninIormed search strategies.

Search Methods:
generate and test, hill climbing, means-ends analysis, depth-Iirst, breath-Iirst, best Iirst, exploiting domain
constraints, dependency-directed back tracking, minimax, alpha- beta pruning, iterative deepening.

Compile7 Const7uction an/ /esign


Introductory Concepts:
Compiler structure: analysis-synthesis model oI compilation, various phases oI a Compiler, Cross compilers:
Bootstrapping.

Lexical Analysis:
InterIace with input, parser and symbol table, token, diIIiculties in lexical analysis, error reporting, and
implementation. Regular deIinition, Transition diagrams, LEX.

Syntax analysis:
Context Iree grammars, ambiguity, associativity, precedence, top down parsing, recursive descent parsing,
transIormation on the grammars, predictive parsing, Bottom up parsing, LR parsers.

Syntax Directed Translation:
Inherited and synthesized attributes, dependency graph, bottom up and top down evaluation oI attributes, L- and S-
attributed deIinitions.

Type checking:
Type system, type conversion, overloaded Iunctions and operators, polymorphic Iunctions.



Run time system:
Storage organization, activation tree, activation record, parameter passing, symbol table, dynamic storage
allocation.

Intermediate Code Generation :
Intermediate Code generation Ior control Ilow, Boolean expressions, and procedure calls, issues, basic blocks and
Ilow graphs, register allocation, code generation, DAG representation oI programs peep hole optimization, code
generator generators, speciIications oI machine.

Code Optimization :
Source oI optimizations, optimization oI basic blocks, loops, dealing with aliases, data Ilow analysis oI structured
Ilow graphs.

Softwa7e Enginee7ing


SoItware and SoItware Engineering:
The Importance oI SoItware, An Industry Perspective SoItware Characteristic, SoItware Components, SoItware
Applications, SoItware Crisis, SoItware Myths, Computer Based System Engineering (CBSE), System Engineering
Elements, Abstract Iunctional requirements Ior CBSE.

SoItware Engineering Paradigm:
A DeIinition, LiIecycle Concept, SoItware Development Process Models.

SoItware Development:
IdentiIication oI Need, Feasibility study, SA/SD approach, Data Flow and Logical Data modeling, User InterIace
Design.

SoItware Proiect Management:
Principles oI SoItware Proiect Management, Team Structure & Scheduling, Proiect Planning, Proiect Initiation and
Proiect Termination, Total Quality Management (TQM), DiIIerent Cost Estimation Methods, COCOMO Model,
WBS, ConIiguration Management, Risk Management, DiIIerent Proiect Management Tools.

Obiect Oriented Analysis & Design:
Conventional vs. OO approaches, OOA process and Design Issues, System Design Process.

SoItware Testing Strategies:
DiIIerent Testing types, VeriIication & Validation, Debugging.

SoItware Quality Management:
SoItware Quality Factors, Quality Assurance, Quality Standards, SoItware Maintenance.


Ope7ating Systems


Introduction:
What is an Operating System, Function oI Operating System, Operating System Structure: System
Components, Operating System services, System Calls, System Program, System Structure, Virtual Machines.

Processes:
Process concept, Process State, Process State Transitions, Process Control Block, Suspend & Resume oI Process,
Interrupt Processing, CPU Switch Irom Process to Process, Process Scheduling: Scheduling Queues, Schedulers,
Context Switch, Operations on Processes, Cooperating Processes, Inter Process Communication.

Process Synchronization:
The Critical-section Problem, Dekker`s Algorithm, Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores, Producer-Consumer
Relationship, Classic Problems oI Synchronization, Critical Regions/Sections, Monitors, OS Synchronization.

Deadlocks:
System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods Ior Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock
Avoidance & Banker`s Algorithm, Deadlock Detection, Deadlock Recovery.

Threads:
Single & Multithreading Models, Threading issues, Pthreads, Solaris 2 Threads, Window 2000 Threads, Linux
Threads, Java Threads.

CPU Scheduling:
Basic concepts, Scheduling Levels, Scheduling Criteria, Pre-emptive & Non-preemptive Scheduling,
Scheduling Algorithms, Multiple-processor scheduling, Real Time Scheduling, Algorithm Evaluation, Process
Scheduling Models.

Memory Management:
Memory Organization, Storage Hierarchy, Storage Management Strategies, Swapping, Contiguous & Non
Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Segmentation with Paging.

Virtual Memory:
Virtual Storage Management Strategies, Demand Paging, Process creation, Page Replacement, Strategies,
Allocation oI Frames, Thrashing, Operating-system Examples.

File-System InterIace:
File Concepts, File Organization, Access Methods, Directory Structure, File-system Mounting, File Sharing,
Protection.

File-System Implementation:
File-system Structure, File System Implementation, Directory Implementation, Allocation Methods,
Free-Space Management, EIIiciency and PerIormance, Recovery.

Disk Scheduling:
Disk Structure, Disk Caching, Disk Scheduling, Disk Management, Swap-Space Management, RAID
Structure, Disk Attachment, Stable-storage implementation, Tertiary- Storage Structure.

Protection:
Goals oI Protection, Domain oI Protection, Implementation oI Access Matrix, Revocation oI Access Rights,
Capability-Based Systems, Language-based Protection.

Security:
The security Problem, User Authentication, Program Threats, System Threats, Securing Systems and Facilities,
Intrusion Detection, Cryptography, Computer-Security ClassiIications.

Con/ense/ Matte7 Physics


Free electron model; Heat capacity; Transport properties; Hall EIIect; Elementary concepts oI quantum
Hall eIIect, Structure and Scattering; Crystalline solids, liquids and liquid crystals; Nanostructures; Bucky
balls, Electrons in a periodic potential; Bloch`s theorem; Nearly Iree electron Model; Tight-binding
model; semiclassical dynamics; Motion oI an electron in a dc electric Iield; EIIective mass, holes, Crystal
binding; Types oI solids; vander-waals solids,Ionic covalent solids, Metals, Lattice vibrations; Adiabatic
& harmonic approximations, Vibrations oI mono and diatomic lattices, Lattice Heat Capacity, Einstein
and Debye models, Semiconductors; Intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors, Laws oI mass action, Electron
& hole mobilities. Impurity levels, p-n iunctions, Superconductivity; Experimental Survey, Meissner
eIIect, London`s equation, BCS theory, Ginzberg Landau theory, Flux quantization, Magnetism;
Exchange interaction, Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, Ierro- Magnetism & antiIerromagnetism, Hund`s
rules, Pauli paramagnetism, Heisenberg model, Mean Iield theory, Spin waves, Giant and colossal
magneto resistance.

Value Enginee7ing


An Overview
DeIinition, value engineering recommendations, programmes, advantages.
Approach oI Iunction
Evaluation oI Iunction, determining Iunction, classiIying Iunction, evaluation oI
costs, evaluation oI worth, determining worth, evaluation oI value.
VE Job Plan
Introduction, orientation, inIormation phase, speculation phase, analysis phase.
Selection oI Evaluation oI VE Proiects
Proiects selection, Methods selection, value standards, application oI VE
methodology.
Versatility oI VE
VE operation in maintenance and repaair activities, value engineering in non
hardware proiects.
Initiating A VE Programme
Introduction, traning plan, career development Ior VE specialities.
Fast Diagramming
Cost models, liIe cycle costs.
VE level oI EIIort
VE team, Co-ordinator, designer, diIIerent services, deIinitions, constuction
management contracts, value engineering case studies.




Safety Enginee7ing




Human Compute7 Inte7action


Unit I
User centered design oI system & interIaces, anatomy and rational oI WIMP
(Window, Icon, Menus & Pointing Devices ) interIaces.
Unit II
Dialogue design, Presentation design, user documentation, evaluation / usability
testing oI user interIace.
Unit III
Ergonomics and Cognitive issues, hypertext and the World Wide Web.
18
Unit IV
User centered design, human Iactors in user-centered design, development &
evaluation, Interactive design rapid prototyping.
Unit V
Designing Ior usability eIIectiveness, learnability, Ilexibility, attitude and
usability goals, criteria Ior acceptability.
A/vance Enginee7ing Chemist7y


UNIT I: Water Technology-I
Introduction, EIIect oI Water on Rocks and Minerals, Types oI impurities in Water, Hardness oI Water -
Temporary and Permanent hardness. Units and inter conversions oI Units. Estimation oI hardness by
EDTA Methods. Problems on Temporary and Permanent hardnesses. Analysis oI Water - Alkalinity;
Chlorides and Dissolved Oxygen. Disadvantages oI Hard Water. Methods oI Treatment oI Water Ior
Domestic Purposes - Sedimentation, Coagulation, Filtration, DisinIection - Sterilization,
Chlorination,Break point chlorination, Ozonization.
UNIT II: Water Technology-II
Water Ior Industrial purpose - Water Ior Steam Making-Boiler Troubles - Carry Over - Priming and
Foaming, Boiler Corrosion, Scales and Sludges, Caustic Embrittlement. Water Treatment: - Internal
Treatment - Colloidal, Phosphate, Calgon, Carbonate, Sodium aluminate Conditioning oI Water. External
Treatment - Lime-Soda Process, Zeolite Process, Ion- Exchange Process; - Numerical Problems.
UNIT III: Science oI Corrosion
DeIinition, Examples, Types oI Corrosion: Theories oI Corrosion and Mechanism - Dry Corrosion,
(Direct Chemical attack), Wet Corrosion, (Electro Chemical Theory) Principles oI Corrosion, Galvanic
Series, Galvanic Corrosion, Concentration Cell Corrosion, Mechanism oI Wet Corrosion - Hydrogen
evolution type, Oxygen absorption type. Factors InIluencing Corrosion. Control oI Corrosion - Proper
Design, Use oI pure metal and metal alloys, Passivity, Cathodic Protection - SacriIicial anode and
Impressed Current. ModiIying the Environment, use oI Inhibitors.
UNIT IV: Protective Coatings and their applications
SurIace Preparation: (1) Solvent Cleaning (2) Alkali Cleaning (3) Pickling and Etching (4) Sand Blasting
(5) Mechanical Cleaning.
Types oI Protective Coatings: Metallic Coatings - Anodic Coatings, Galvanization, Cathodic Coatings -
Tinning, Metal Cladding, Electroplating Ex: Chromium Plating, Metal Spraying, Cementation-
Sheradizing, Colourizing, Chromizing.
Chemical Conversion Coatings: (1) Phosphate (2) Chromate (3) Anodized Coatings.
UNIT V: Polymer Science and Technology
Polymerization Reactions - Basic concepts. Types oI Polymerization - Addition and Condensation
Polymerizations. Plastics -Thermosetting and Thermoplastics - DiIIerences. Compounding and Moulding
oI Plastics - Compression, Iniection, TransIer, and Extrusion molding methods. Preparation, Properties
and Engineering Uses oI the Following: Polyethylene, PVC, TeIlon, Bakelite, Nylon, Polyester,
Polyurethane and Silicone Resins. Rubber - Processing oI Natural Rubber, Vulcanization and
Compounding. Elastomers - Buna S, Buna N, Thiokol. Polyurethane Rubber.
UNIT VI: ReIractories and Insulators
ReIractories - DeIinition, ClassiIication With Examples; Criteria oI a Good ReIractory Material; Causes
Ior the Iailure oI a ReIractory Material; Insulators - DeIinition and ClassiIication with Examples;
Characteristics oI Insulating Materials; Thermal Insulators, Electrical Insulators - Their Characteristics
and Engineering Applications.
UNIT VII: Lubricants
Principles and Iunction oI lubricants - Types oI Lubrication and Mechanism - Thick Film or
Hydrodynamic Lubrication, Thin Film or Boundary Lubrication, Extreme Pressure Lubrication.
ClassiIication and properties oI lubricants-Viscosity, Ilash and Iire point, cloud and pour point, aniline
point, Neutralization Number and mechanical strength.
UNIT VIII: Inorganic Cementing Materials
Cement: Important Parameters Ior ManuIacturing Cement Clinkers. Chemical Constituents and
Composition oI Cement. Methods oI ManuIacture oI Cement - Wet and Dry Processes. Additives Ior
Cement. Properties oI Cement - Setting and Hardening. Types oI Portland Cement.


Fuzzy set an/ fuzzy logic


Unit-I
Fundamental Concepts
Introduction and history, human brain, biological neuron, models oI neuron,
network architecture, knowledge representation. Error correction learning,
Hebbian learning, competitive learning, Boltzmann learning, learning with and
without teacher.
ArtiIicial neurons. Neural networks and architectures
Introduction, neuron signal Iunction, mathematical preliminaries, FeedIorward
& Ieedback architecture.
Unit-II
Geometry oI Binary threshold neurons and their networks
Pattern recognition, convex sets and convex hulls, space oI Boolean Iunctions,
binary neurons Ior pattern classiIication, non linear separable problems, capacity
oI TLN, XOR solution.
Perceptions and LMS
Learning obiective oI TLN, pattern space & weight space, perception learning
algorithm, perception convergence theorem, pocket algorithm, u - LMS learning,
MSE error surIace, steepest descent search, - LMS and application.
Unit-III
Back propagation algorithm
Multilayered architecture, back propagation learning algorithm, practical
considerations, structure growing algorithms, applications oI FFNN.
Statistical Pattern Recognition
Bayes' theorem, classical decisions with bayes' theorem, probabilistic
interpretation oI neuron Iunction, interpreting neuron signals as probabilities,
multilayered networks & posterior probabilities, error Iunctions Ior classiIication
problems.
Unit-IV
SelI Organizing Feature MAP
Introduction, Maximal eigenvector Iiltering, principal component analysis,
generalized learning laws, competitive learning, vector quantization, maxican
hat networks, SOFM, applications oI SOFM.
Other Networks
Generalized RBF networks. Stochastic Machines: simulated annealing,
Boltzmann machine, ART.
Unit-V
Fuzzy Logic
Introduction, classical & Fuzzy sets, classical & Iuzzy relations, membership
Iunction, geometry & operations oI Iuzzy sets, Iuzzy rules, rule composition &
deIuzziIication, Iuzzy engineering applications, Neural network & Iuzzy logic.
Fuzzy Neural Control

Chaos an/ F7actals in Elect7onics Enginee7ing


A A7 7t ti if fi ic ci ia al l i in nt te el ll li ig ge en nc ce e a an n/ / R Ro ob bo ot ti ic cs s


Introduction:
The Ioundations oI AI. Importance oI AI and related Iields.

Logic:
propositional and predicate logic, representation atoms, connectives, literals, CNF, DNF and
casual Iorm, interpretation and model, satisIiability, resolution principle and uniIication.

Reasoning under Uncertainty:
basic probability notation, probabilistic reasoning, Bayesian networks, certainty Iactor methods,
basics oI Iuzzy logic.

Rules:
working memory, rule base, conIlict set, conIlict resolution strategies, backward and Ioreword
chaining, meta rules.

Structure Representation:
semantic networks, Irames, conceptual dependency, scripts, inheritance, deIault values.

General issues in knowledge representation and interIerence:
logical agents, reasoning and resolution, adequacy, richness, granularity, ease oI representation
and use, modeling uncertainty, the Iame problem, declarative and procedural representation.



Problem solving by Searching:
State space repetition, heuristics, heuristic evolution Iunction, and problem reduction. Searching
Ior solutions. InIormed and uninIormed search strategies.

Search Methods:
generate and test, hill climbing, means-ends analysis, depth-Iirst, breath-Iirst, best Iirst, exploiting
domain constraints, dependency-directed back tracking, minimax, alpha- beta pruning, iterative
deepening.

A/vance Mathematics


Fourier seriers: Periodic Iunctions -Fourier series oI Iunctions with periods 2 and 21
halI range - Fourier cosine and sine series - odd and even Iunctions.
Partial diIIerential equations oI Iirst order: Formation Lagrange`s methods Ior linear
equations, standard types oI non linear equations -Charpits methods-
Fourier series solutions oI one dimensional wave.
Special Iunctions: Beta and Gamma Iunctions - relation between beta and Gamma
Iunctions standard properties and problems.
Complex variables: Complex Iunctions - limits, continuity and derivatives oI
Iunctions - analytical itemann equations oI cartesian and polar Iorms.
Calculus oI variables: Variation oI Iundamental oI a single variable with Iixed
boundary, Euler`s equation, application to isoperimetric and minimal surIace
problems .Variations oI Iunctional dependent on higher derivatives. Simple problems.
Finite diIIerences: DiIIerences table interpolation. Newton's Iorward and backward
Iormale, sterling, Bassel, Evert and Langrange's Formulae.
Newton- Rosphon methods oI solution oI equations. Iterative methods.
Computation oI Eigen value oI a square matrix by power method and Jacobi`s
method.
Numerical solutions oI diIIerential equations: Numerical diIIerentiation,
Numerical integration, Simson`s rule, Euler's and modiIied Euler`s method.
Taylor's, Runga Kutta's and Midne's method.

Computational Elect7o/ynamics


Maxwell Iield as a classical 4-vector Iield ; Covariant Iormulation oI the Hamiltonian principle ; Action
integral ; Euler-Lagrange equations ; Electromagnetic Iield tensor ; Homogeneous Maxwell equations ;
Lorentz invariants oI the Maxwell Iield ; Wigner rotation and Thomas precession .
Lagrangian Iormulation oI the Iree Maxwell Iield ; Stress-energy-momentum tensor ; Field angular
momentum tensor ; Field theoretic conserved covariants ; Maxwell Iield interacting with its sources ;
Inhomogeneous Maxwell equation ; Gauge invariance oI he Maxwell Iield ; Proca Iield and its
Lagrangian density ; 4-dimensional Green's Iunction oI the wave equation Ior the 4-potential in the
Lorentz gauge.
Radiation Irom accelerated charges in the comoving Irame ; Larmor Iormula ; Polar plots and polarization
charts ; Radiation Irom relativistic charges ; Linear accelerator and synchrotron radiation ; Maser
Iormulae Ior the radiation Irom bounded charge-current distributions ; Time-harmonic and pulsed sources
; Multipole expansion oI the electromagnetic Iields ; Cherenkov radiation ; Transition radiation ; Ration
reaction and selected topics Irom the electrodynamics oI continuous media.

Mechat7onics


Fundamentals oI the integration oI mechanical and electronic subsystems using computer based control.
Details oI diIIerent types oI sensors, actuators, DAC/ADC and micro controllers. Control systems design
and modeling oI computer controlled electro-mechanical systems. Industrial automation and robotics.
Practical applications oI mechatronics, design issues and industrial techniques currently in use.








Ope7ational 7esea7ch


Introduction to operation research : the origin, development, nature deIinition,History, scope and phase oI
operation, research, problem Iormulation, model Construction, deriving solution Irom model.

Linear programming : introduction general linear programming problem, mathematical Iormulation,
graphical method Ior solution oI L.P.P. , simplex method, slack surplus and artiIicial variable degeneracy
,duality in L.P.P., two method sensitivity analysis.

Assignment problems: introduction, mathematical statement, the Hungarian method, maximization
problems, unbalanced problem, traveling sales problems. Proiect management: introduction, history,
advantage and development, network construction, numbering the event, diIIerence between C.P.M &
P.E.R.T., P.E.R.T analysis updating analysis oI resources.

Inventory management: introduction, cost event holding, const re-order cost inventory mode is
deterministic, and probabilistic I to IV.

Total Quality Management


Quality Control Systems, Basic concepts in Quality and Reliability, Economics oI Quality, Control
Charts, Process Capability, Acceptance Sampling Plans, Recent Trends in Quality Control, Maintenance
and Reliability Models in Industry, Quality Circles, Troubleshooting Quality Problems, Computer
Applications.


Finite Element Analysis


Introduction and motivation, Weak Iormulation oI BVP and Galerkin approximation, Piecewise
polynomial spaces and Iinite element method, Computer implementation oI FEM, Results Irom Sobolev
spaces, Variational Iormulation oI elliptic BVP, Lax-Milgram theorem, Estimation Ior general FE
approximation, Construction oI FE spaces, Polynomial approximation theory in Sobolev spaces,
Variational problem Ior second order elliptic operators and approximations, Mixed methods,
Iterative techniques.



E En ne e7 7g gy y S Sc ci ie en nc ce e a an n/ / E En ng gi in ne ee e7 7i in ng g


Energy Resources: Terminology, Maior Energy Resources in use: Resource, Reserve and Availability oI
Oil, Gas and Coal in global and national context. Hydro-electricity and Nuclear-electricity: Availability
and developmental Constraints. Energy Consumption Demand: Consumption Sectors; Growth rate in
Industrial, Commercial & Residential, Agriculture and Transportation Sector oI total energy and electricity
National and International trends. Renewable Energy: Need Ior accelerated growth: availability and
environmental constraints oI traditional non-renewable sources. Demerits oI Solar sources. Technologies
Ior electricity generation (I) wind, (ii) PV and (iii) Biomass; Tidal and Geothermal power plants. Ocean
Thermal and Wave electricity generation. Fuel cells. Energy Storage: Role oI Storage in electricity supply:
Types and operation oI Storage systems: (I) Chemical, (ii) Mechanical, (iii) Thermal, (iv) Magnetic
Storage. Hydrogen energy.
Energy Management and Audit: Demand Side and Supply Side oI Management (DSM & SSM):
Conservation oI electrical energy, Technology & Potential Energy. Conservation Act, 2001. Energy
Audit: Preliminary Detailed Audit.
Soli/ State Physics


Crystal Structures Translational symmetry. IdentiIying lattice and basis. Primitive and non-primitive unit
cells. Symmetry. Some common structures.
DiIIraction and the Reciprocal LatticeTheory oI X-ray and neutron diIIraction. Reciprocal lattice and its
properties. Lattice planes and indices. Structure Iactor. Experimental arrangements.
Lattice Dynamics One dimensional chain oI atoms, dispersion relation. Dispersion relation in structures
with more than one kind oI atom or bond. Phonons and their interaction with other particles. Two and
three dimensions. Neutron inelastic scattering. Revision oI speciIic heat.
Electrons in metals Revision oI Iree electron gas. SpeciIic heat. Transport properties. Wiedemann-Franz
law. Hall eIIect. WaveIunction in a periodic potential. Nearly Free Electron model. Two and three
dimensional metals. EIIective mass. Collisions. ClassiIication oI solids into insulators, semiconductors
and metals. Overlapping bands. Fermi surIaces. The semiclassical model.
Semiconductors Revision oI intrinsic semiconductors. Indirect gap semiconductors. EIIect oI impurities.
Temperature dependence oI carrier concentration in intrinsic and extrinsic regions. Mobility, conductivity
and Hall eIIect.


Lase7 an/ Nonlinea7 Optics


Rigorous diIIraction theory ; DiIIraction oI a Gaussian beam ; Fresnel and FraunhoIer diIIraction ;
Application to diIIerent apertures . Fourier optics ; Fourier transIorming property oI a thin lens ; Spatial
Irequency Iiltering and its applications .
Coherence theory ; Partial coherence . Holography ; Construction and reconstruction oI hologram . Lasers
; Two-level and three-level lasers .
Electromagnetic theory oI optical Iibres and wave guides ; Scalar wave equation ; Modes oI a Iibre and
planar wave guides . Periodic media ; Bragg diIIraction and Bragg devices .
Nonlinear optics ; Second harmonic generation ; Optical phase coniugation ; Optical bistability ; Solitons
; SelI and cross phase modulations ; Optical Bloch equation .
Electro-optic eIIects in diIIerent crystals ; Acousto-optic eIIects ; Raman-Nath diIIraction and Acousto-
optic devices .
Nuclea7 Physics


Atomic Physics:- Review oI atomic structure oI H, atomic structure oI two electron system, alkali system,
Hartree-Fock method, L-S coupling, molecular binding, LCAO, LCMO; molecular spectra (electronic,
rotational, vibrational etc.), Raman eIIect, modern experimental tools oI spectroscopy.
Nuclear Physics: General properties oI nuclei, nuclear two body problem, nuclear Iorce and nuclear
models, nuclear decay, nuclear reaction kinematics and classiIication oI nuclear reactions (compound
nuclear, direct etc), heavy ion reactions, nuclear Iission and Iusion, brieI overview oI ion beam
applications Ior materials and solid state studies, modern experimental tools oI pure and applied nuclear
physics.


Quantum Mechanics


Origins oI quantum theory, Schrdinger equation, wave mechanics, one-dimensional problems, central
potentials; hydrogen atom, Hilbert space Iormalism Ior quantum mechanics, symmetries in quantum
mechanics, general treatment oI angular mom-entum; spin, identical particles; Pauli exclusion principle.




Reliability Enginee7ing


Introduction:
DeIinition oI reliability, types oI Iailures, deIinition and Iactors inIluencing
system eIIectiveness, various parameters oI system eIIectiveness.
Reliability Mathematics :
DeIinition oI probability, laws oI probability , conditional probability, Bay's
theorem; various distributions; data collection, recovery oI data, data analysis
procedures, empirical reliability calculations.
Reliability:
Types oI system- series, parallel, series parallel, stand by and complex;
development oI logic diagram, methods oI reliability evaluation; cut set and tieset
methods, matrix methods event trees and Iault trees methods, reliability
evaluation using probability distributions, Markov method, Irequency and
duration method.
Reliability Improvements:
Methods oI reliability improvement, component redundancy, system
redundancy, types oI redundancies-series, parallel, series - parallel, stand by and
hybrid, eIIect oI maintenance.
Reliability Testing:
LiIe testing, requirements, methods, test planning, data reporting system, data
reduction and analysis, reliability test standards.


























Int7o/uction to Optoelect7onics an/ Photonics


Int7o/uction to Optoelect7onics an/ Photonics
Introduction
Geometrical Optics:
ORay Tracing - Snell`s Law, ReIlection, and ReIraction
OSimple Optical Components - Lenses, Mirrors, and the Eyes
OOptical ConIinement in Fibers
OGraded-Index Optics - Fermat`s Principle, Graded Index
Fibers
ODispersion
Electromagnetic Optics - Wave Nature oI Light
OLight waves in a homogeneous medium
OReIractive Index
OGroup velocity and group index
OMagnetic Iield, irradiance, and Poynting vector
OSnell's Law and TIR
OFresnel Equations
Resonator Optics - Multiple interIerence and optical resonators
OResonator Modes
OFinesse, spectral width, loss, and photon liIetime
OThe resonator as a spectrum analyzer
More on EM Optics
OGoos-Hanchen shiIt and optical tunneling
OTemporal and spatial coherence
ODiIIraction principles
Dielectric Waveguides and Optical Fibers
OSlab Waveguide, Modes, V-Number
OModal, Material, and Waveguide Dispersions
ONumerical Aperture, Coupling Loss
OStep-Index Fiber, Multimode and Single Mode Fibers
Bit-Rate, dispersion and optical bandwidth
OGraded-index Iibers
OAbsorption and Scattering
OFiber ManuIacture

Photons and Atoms:
OThe photon
OAtoms, Molecules, and solids
OInteraction oI Photons with atoms
Semiconductor Science and Light Emitting Diodes
OSemiconductor concepts and energy bands
ODirect and indirect bandgap semiconductors
Opn iunction principles
OThe pn iunction band diagram
Semiconductor Light Sources
OLight-emission processes in semiconductors
OLight-emitting diodes (LEDs)
Stimulated Emission Devices Lasers
Stimulated emission and light ampliIication
OEinstein coeIIicients
OOptical Iiber ampliIiers
OGas laser and He-Ne Laser
OThe output spectrum oI a gas laser
Lasers
OLaser oscillation conditions
OSemiconductor lasers, (laser diodes)
ORate equation
OLight emitters Ior optical Iiber communications
Semiconductor Detectors - Photodetectors
OPrinciple oI the pn iunction photodiode
OAbsorption coeIIicient and photodiode materials
OProperties oI semiconductor detectors
The pin photodiodes
OAvalanche photodiodes
Optical Fiber Communication
OMultiplexing and coupling
OSystem design and perIormance
Optical Networks
OWDM



Textboo:
S. O. Kasap, "Optoelectronics and Photonics Principles and Practices", Prentice Hall, 2001.

Refe7ences:
1. Optoelectronics, Pollock
2. Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, 6
th
Edition, Ammon Yariv & Pochi Yeh
3. B.E.A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, "Fundamentals oI Photonics"
4. Joseph C. Palais, "Fiber Optic Communications"
5. John Silson and John Hawkes, "Optoelectronics"
6. E. Hecht, "Optics"