Power System Protection 001

Power System Protection S.A.
Soman Overview
Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection
Power System Protection

S.A.Soman
Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay
Relays
Introduction Evolution of Relays
Circuit Breaker
What is a circuit breaker?
Summary
Power System Protection
Introduction
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview
Overview Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Electrical Energy is Generated at few kV and stepped up. Transmitted through AC and HVDC lines. Stepped down and distributed at load centers. Its natural mode of synchronous operation knits the system together.
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Why do we need protection? Electrical apparatus operates at various voltage levels and may be enclosed or placed in open. Under abnormal operating conditions protection is necessary for Safety of electrical equipments. Safety of human personnel.
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Types of Protection Apparatus Protection
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
System Protection
Introduction

Transmission Line Protection Transformer Protection Generator Protection Motor Protection Busbar Protection
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
System Protection
Introduction

Transmission Line Protection Transformer Protection Generator Protection Motor Protection Busbar Protection
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
System Protection
Out-of-Step Protection Under-frequency Relays Islanding Systems Rate of Change of Frequency Relays
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
What is a Relay? A relay is a logical element which process the inputs (mostly voltages and currents) from the system and issues a trip decision if a fault within its jurisdiction is detected. Inputs to a relay are Current from a current transformer. Voltage from a voltage transformer.
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Evolution of Relays If we zoom into a relay, we can see three different types of realization: Electromechanical Relays. Solid State Relays. Numerical Relays.
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Electromechanical Relays
Relays
First generation of relays. Uses the principle of electromechanical energy conversion. Immune to electromagnetic interference and rugged.
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Solid State Relays These relays were developed with the advent of transistors, operational ampliers etc. Their functionality is through various operations like comparators etc. Their advantages are More exible. Self checking facility. Less power consumption and low burden. Improved dynamic perfomance characteristics. High seismic withstand capacity. Reduced panel space.
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Numerical Relays Operation of a numerical relay involves analog to digital conversion of voltage and currents obtained from VT and CTs. These samples are fed to the microprocessor or DSP where the protection algorithms process these signals and necessary decisions are taken.
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Its advantages are Maximum exibility. Provides multiple functionality. Self checking and communication facility. It can be made adaptive.
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Relays
What is a Circuit Breaker? A circuit breaker is basically a switch to interrupt the ow of current. It opens on relay command. It has to handle large voltages and currents. The inductive nature of power system results in arcing between the terminals of a CB. CBs are categorized based on the interrupting medium used.
Circuit Breaker
Summary
Introduction
Summary Necessity of a protection system. Types of Protection. Three generations of relays. Role of circuit breakers.
Relays
Circuit Breaker
Summary

Power System Protection 001

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Power System Protection S.A.

Power System Protection

Power System Protection

Types of Protection Apparatus Protection

Types of Protection Apparatus Protection

Types of Protection Apparatus Protection

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